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Iterator Pattern 🚶‍♂️🔄

The Iterator Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows sequential access to the elements of a collection (like arrays or objects) without exposing the underlying details of the collection's structure. It provides a uniform interface to traverse through the collection.

🛠️ Components

  1. Iterator Interface: Defines methods like hasNext() and next() for traversing elements.
  2. Concrete Iterator: Implements the Iterator interface, handling iteration logic for a specific collection.
  3. Iterable Interface: Defines a method like getIterator() to return an iterator for the collection.
  4. Concrete Collection: The collection or data structure (array, object, etc.) that the iterator will work with.

🔍 Why Use It?

  • Decoupling: Keeps iteration separate from the internal structure of the collection.
  • Consistency: Provides a uniform way to iterate through different types of collections (arrays, objects, etc.).
  • Flexibility: You can change the internal structure of the collection without affecting the code that iterates over it. ✨

📝 Example

  • For an Array:

    • Use an iterator to traverse through an array.

  • For an Object:

    • Create an iterator to go through the keys and values of an object.

🧠 Benefits

  • Separation of Concerns: Keeps iteration logic independent of the collection's structure.
  • Multiple Iterators: You can create different iterators for the same collection (e.g., forward/backward).
  • Easier Maintenance: Modifying the collection doesn’t affect the iteration code.

🚀 Conclusion

The Iterator Pattern is great for iterating through collections without worrying about their internal structure. Whether you're working with arrays, objects, or custom data types, the iterator pattern ensures a clean and consistent approach to accessing data. 🌟

🔗 Example Code: See Implementation