MySQL

Q1. When you have a subquery inside of the main query, which query is executed first?

The subquery is never executed. Only the main query is executed.
They are executed at the same time
the main query
the subquery

Q2. You need to export the entire database, including the database objects, in addition to the data. Which command-line tool do you use?

mysqlexport
mysqladmin
mysqldump
mysqld

Q3. You must ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data in your database. You assign some constraints to limit the type of data that can go into a table. What type of constraints are you assigning?

row level
database level
column level
function level

Q4. Which option of most MySQL command-line programs can be used to get a description of the program's different options?

--options
?
--help
-h

Q5. MySQL uses environment variables in some of the programs and command-line operations. Which variable is used by the shell to find MySQL programs?

DIR
HOME
PATH
MYSQL_HOME

Q6. How can you create a stored procedure in MySQL?

A

1 CREATE PROCEDURE P () AS
2 BEGIN
3 END;

B

1 CREATE PROCEDURE P ()
2 BEGIN
3 END

C

1 CREATE PROCP
2 BEGIN
3 END;

D

1 CREATE PROC P AS O
2 BEGIN
3 END;

Q7. If you were building a table schema to store student grades as a letter (A, B, C, D, or F) which column type would be the best choice?

ENUM
OTEXT
VARCHAR
LONGTEXT

Q8. Management has requested that you build an employee database. You start with the employee table. What is the correct syntax?

A

    CREATE TABLE employee (
    employeeID char(10),
    firstName varchar(50),
    lastName varchar(50),
    phone varchar(20),
    address varchar(50),
    PRIMARY KEY ON employeeID
    );

B

    CREATE TABLE employee (
    employeeID char(10),
    firstName varchar(50),
    lastName varchar(50),
    phone varchar(20),
    address varchar(50),
    PRIMARY KEY employeeID
    );

C

    CREATE TABLE IF EXISTS employee (
    employeeID char(10),
    firstName varchar(50),
    lastName varchar(50),
    phone varchar(20),
    address varchar(50),
    PRIMARY KEY (employeeID)
    );

D

    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employee (
    employeeID char(10),
    firstName varchar(50),
    lastName varchar(50),
    phone varchar(20),
    address varchar(50),
    PRIMARY KEY (employeeID)
    );

Q9. You are working with the tables as shown in this diagram. You need to generate the list of customers who purchased certain car models. Which SQL clause do you use?

LIKE
IN
BETWEEN
HAVING

Q10. Which query would NOT be used to administer a MySQL server?

USE db
SELECT column FROM tbl
SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl
SHOW TABLES

Q11. What is the product of the database designing phase?

a list of entities, their relationship, constraints, data types, and cardinalities
a list of entities, their relationship, and constraints
all tables and their names, which are needed to implement the logical model
all tables, columns, data types, indexes and their relationship

Logical, physical and normalized are all products of the designing phase in this order.

Q12. MySQL server can operate in different SQL modes, depending on the value of the sql_mode system variable. Which mode changes syntax and behavior to conform more closely to standard SQL?

TRADITIONAL
ANSI
MSSQL
STRICT

Q13. MySQL programs are a set of command-line utilities that are provided with typical MySQL distributions. MySQL is designed to be a database.

database and programming
user and administrator
client and server
syntax and objects

Q14. Which MySQL command shows the structure of a table?

INFO table;
SHOW table;
STRUCTURE table;
DESCRIBE table;

Q15. MySQL uses security based on _ for all connections, queries, and other operations that users can attempt to perform.

administrator schema
encrypted algorithms
user settings
access control lists

Reference

Q16. Which MySQL command modifies data records in a table?

UPDATE
MODIFY
CHANGE
ALTER

Q17. What is the best type of query for validating the format of an email address in a MySQL table?

a SQL query using partitions
a SQL query using IS NULL
a SQL query using a regular expression
a SQL query using LTRIM Or RTRIM

Q18. In MySQL, queries are always followed by what character?

line break
colon
semicolon
period

Q19. How can you remove a record using MySQL?

DELETE
DELETE FROM
REMOVE
REMOVE FROM

Q20. Which choice is NOT a statement you would use to filter data?

GROUP BY
WHERE
LIMIT
LIKE

Q21. What does the following SQL statement return?

SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeName LIKE 'a%'

It records in the Employees table where the value in the EmployeeName column doesn't have an "a".
It records in the Employees table where the value in the EmployeeName column starts with "a".
It records in the Employees table where the value in the EmployeeName column has an "a".
It records in the Employees table where the value in the EmployeeName column ends with "a".

Q22. In `SELECT * FROM clients;` what does clients represent?

a SQL query
a SQL statement
a database
a table

Q23. How does MySQL differ from SQL?

SQL is a standard language for retrieving and manipulating data from structured databases. MySQL is a nonrelational database management system that is used to manage SQL databases.
SQL is a standard language for retrieving and manipulating data from structured databases. MySQL is a relational database management system that is used to manage SQL databases.
They are not different. MySQL and SQL refer to the same thing.
My SQL is a language, and SQL is a software application.

Q24. If you need to order a table of movies by name, which query will work?

SELECT * FROM movies GROUP BY name
SELECT * FROM movies ORDER BY name
SELECT * FROM movies ORDER TABLE by name
SELECT * FROM movies FILTER BY name

Q25. A trigger is a database object that is associated with a table, and that activates when a particular event occurs for the table. Which three events are these?

INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
CREATE, ALTER, DROP
OPEN, FETCH, CLOSE
DECLARE, SET, SELECT

Q26. You are working with very large tables in your database. Which SQL clause do you use to prevent exceedingly large query results?

UNIQUE
LIMIT
DISTINCT
CONSTRAINT

Q27. What is the default port for MySQL Server?

25
990
0
3306

Q28. How can you filter duplicate data while retrieving records from a table?

DISTINCT
WHERE
LIMIT
AS

Q29. What is the difference between DROP and TRUNCATE?

They both refer to the same operation of deleting the table completely.
They both refer to the same operation of clearing the table, but keeping its definition intact.
TRUNCATE deletes table completely, removing its definition as well. DROP clears the table but does not delete the definition.
DROP deletes table completely, removing its definition as well. TRUNCATE clears the table but does not delete the definition.

Q30. How do you select every row in a given table named "inventory"?

SELECT all FROM inventory;
FROM inventory SELECT all;
FROM inventory SELECT *;
SELECT * FROM inventory;

Q31. In an efficiently designed relational database, what does every table have?

set of triggers
sequential id field
minimum of three columns
primary key

Q32. MySQL option files provide a way to specify commonly used options so that they need not be entered on the command line each time you run a program. What is another name for the option files?

variable settings
configuration files
help files
default settings

Q33. After installing MySQL, it may be necessary to initialize the _ which may be done automatically with some MySQL installation methods.

storage engine
user accounts
grant tables
data directory

Q34. You need to export the data in the customers table into a CSV file, with columns headers in the first row. Which clause do you add to your MySQL command?

JOIN
WITH HEADERS
UNION
WITH COLUMNS

Sample

Q35. One form of backup, replication, enables you to maintain identical data on multiple servers, as a _ configuration.

remote-local
parent-child
master-slave
logical-physical

Q36. What is the requirement for using a subquery in the SELECT clause?

the subquery must use an aggregate function.
the subquery must refer to the same table as the main query.
the subquery must return a single value.
the subquery must return at least one value.

Q37. Each time MySQL is upgraded, it is best to execute mysql_upgrade, which looks for incompatibilities with the upgraded MySQL server. What does this command do, upon finding a table with a possible incompatibility?

it performs a table check and, if problems are found, attempts a table repair.
it stops and notifies the server administrator that the upgrade cannot complete until the incompatibility issue are resolved.
it provides a full report of the table specifications and the incompatibilities to the server administrator.
it performs a table check and, if problems are found, displays the information for the server administrator to take action.

Q38. What mysql statement is used to check which accounts have specific privileges?

show grants (displays the privileges and roles that are assigned to a MySQL user account or role)
show privileges (shows the list of system privileges that the MySQL server supports)
show access
show user permissions

Q39. What table cannot have a trigger associated with it?

temporary
system
large
new

Q40. later versions of mysql support the native json data type for storing json documents. What is a drawback of json columns?

inefficient for storing json documents
cannot be indexed directly
documents cannot be validated when stored in json columns
cannot be normalized

Q41.Which statement is true for the diagram below

carid is the primary key for purchases
carid is the foreign key for cars.carid
customerid is the foreign key for customers.id
customerid is the primary key for purchases

Q42.Which statement can you use to load data from a file into the table?

cat file|mysql
load data infile (correct if the file is already on the server)
load data local infile (also correct but only if the file is from the client)
extended insert statement

Q43. You are working with the tables as shown in this diagram. You need to make sure that any record added to the purchases table consists of a customerID, which already exists in the customers table, and a carID, which already exists in the cars table. You decide to use a trigger to do the validation. Which one do you use?

AFTER INSERT
BEFORE INSERT
CROSS JOIN
IF EXISTS

IF EXISTS and CROSS JOIN are not valid for a trigger.

Q44. Which is the correct syntax of an extended insert statement?

insert into cars (make, model, year) values ('Ford', 'Mustang', 2002) ('Mercedes', 'C', 2003)
insert into cars (make, model, year) values ('Ford', 'Mustang', 2002) values ('Mercedes', 'C', 2003)
insert into cars (make, model, year) extended ('Ford', 'Mustang', 2002), ('Mercedes', 'C', 2003)
insert into cars (make, model, year) values ('Ford', 'Mustang', 2002), ('Mercedes', 'C', 2003)

Q45. You need to make an exact copy of a table, with all columns and indexes. How can you get all of the information needed to accomplish this?

create table
clone table
insert into
show create table

Note that the question is about getting the data and not about the duplicating operation itself. And actually there is no need to run SHOW CREATE TABLE at all. To duplicate the table structure you can CREATE TABLE new_table LIKE original_table;.

Q46. you need to make your mysql system secure against attackers. What are you not supposed to do?

Run MySQL server as a normal user.
Grant PROCESS or SUPER privilege to other users.
Run MySQL server as the unix root user.
Use the compressed protocol.

Q47. You manage a database with a table "customers". You created a temporary table also called "customers" with which you are working for the duration of your session. You need to recreate the temporary table with different specs. Which command do you need to run first?

create temporary table customers;
drop temp table customers;
drop table customers;
drop temporary table customers;

Q48. You need to run a complex query with recursive subqueries, but without creating a stored procedure or a function. Which command or clause do you use?

COLLATE
UNION
FULL JOIN
WITH

This is exactly what WITH clause is designed for

Q49. Which choice is not a processing algorithm for database views?

merge
updatable
temptable
undefined

Reference

Q50. What is the MySQL `perror` command-line utility used for?

to display your version of MySQL
to display operating system error codes
to display default settings that are in error
to display storage error codes

Note: perror prints a description for a system error code or for a storage engine (table handler) error code - link

Q51. How can you list all columns for a given table?

SHOW table COLUMNS;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM table;
LIST table COLUMNS;
SELECT COLUMNS FROM table;

Note: DESCRIBE tablename is a shortcut for this command

Q52. How would you list the full set of tables in the currently selected database?

SELECT * FROM DATABASE;
SHOW TABLES;
LIST TABLES;
SELECT ALL TABLES;

Q53. Which choice is not one of the table maintenance statements?

CHECK TABLE;
CREATE TABLE;
ANALYZE TABLE;
OPTIMIZE TABLE;

Q54. In which table does MySQL store passwords for user accounts?

mysql.accounts;
mysql.passwords;
mysql.admin;
mysql.user;

Q55. Management has requested that you build an employee database. You need to include each employee's current position and salary, as well as all prior positions and salaries with the company. You decide to use a one-to-many structure: an employee table with the main information such as name and address, and an employment table with position and salary history. You can use the employeeID field to connect them. What is employment.employeeID an example of?

primary key;
secondary key;
foreign key;
alternate key;

Q56. In recent versions of MySQL (8.0+), what's the correct syntax to declare a CTE (Common Table Expression)?

WITH (SELECT id FROM users) as cte, SELECT ...
WITH (SELECT id FROM users) as cte SELECT ...
WITH cte as (SELECT id FROM users), SELECT ...
WITH cte as (SELECT id FROM users) SELECT ...

Q57. What is one reason to introduce data redundancy into a normalized database design?

to reduce corruption in data
to reduce storage space
to make the system faster
to prevent data anomalies

Note: "to make the system faster" can also be correct. For example we can calculate some heavy query in advance and store its result in some column (use it as a cache). So if "system" means "application which uses mysql" then it's correct too.

Q58. The code snippet below is used to read data from an XML file into a table. Which XML structure is not supported by the statement?

LOAD XML LOCAL INFILE 'cars.xml'
INTO TABLE cars
ROWS IDENTIFIED BY `<car>`;

A

<car>
   <field name="make"> Lexus </field>
   <field name="model"> IS300 </field>
   <field name="make"> 2016 </field>
</car>

B

<car name="make"> Dodge </car>
<car name="model"> Ram </car>
<car name="year"> 2000 </car>

C

<car make="Ford" model="Mustang" year="2002"/>

D

<car year="2010">
    <make>Mercedes</make> <model> C-Class</model>
</car>

Q59. You are loading data into a table. Which command can you use to make sure that all data is inserted and duplicated rows are discarded?

INSERT IGNORE
INSERT UNIQUE
INSERT INTO
INSERT DISTINCT

Q60. Which statement about the `TRUNCATE TABLE` statement is true?

It will stop and issue an error when it encounters a row that is referenced by a row in a child table.
It always first drops, then re-creates a new table.
It deletes rows one by one on tables with foreign key constraints.
It does not invoke the DELETE triggers associated with the table.

Note: both answers are correct - see TRUNCATE TABLE Statement in MySQL manual

Q61. You are working with the tables as shown in this diagram. You need to get the number of cars sold per the home state of each customer's residence. How can you accomplish this?

SELECT state, COUNT(*) FROM customers WHERE ID IN (SELECT customerID FROM purchases) GROUP BY state;
SELECT state, COUNT(*) FROM customers c LEFT JOIN purchases p ON c.ID = p.customerID GROUP BY state;
SELECT state, COUNT(*) FROM customers c, purchases p WHERE c.ID = p.customerID GROUP BY state;
SELECT state, COUNT(*) FROM customers GROUP BY state;

Explanation: THe difference between 2 and 3 is that LEFT JOIN will return 1 row per customer before grouping. If replaced with RIGHT JOIN it would return the correct info.

Q62. In data migration, there is often a need to delete duplicate rows as part of data cleanup. Which statement works best?

DELETE DUPS
DELETE DISTINCT
DELETE JOIN
DELETE WITH

Q63. When working with MySQL cursor, what must you also declare?

DEFAULT value
RETURN variable
SQLEXCEPTION routine
NOT FOUND handler

Q64. Which type of backup includes all the changes made to the data since the last full backup was performed?

snapshot
logical
differential
incremental

Q65. You need to restore a MySQL database from a backup file. Which command-line tool do you use for the actual data import, after re-creating the database?

mysqld
mysql
mysqladmin
mysqldump

Q66. You are importing data as JSON into a new table. You run CREATE TABLE json_data ( city JSON ); and insert rows into this table. What is the correct syntax to see the list of cities?

SELECT city FROM json_data;
SELECT city->>'$.name' city FROM json_data;
SELECT city.name city FROM json_data;
SELECT city->'$.name' city FROM json_data;

Note: the last option is valid too but the results will be enclosed with quotation marks

Q67. If you want to use MyISAM instead of InnoDB, which option do you need to specify in the CREATE TABLE statement?

ENGINE
PARTITION
STORAGE
TABLESPACE

Q68. You are working with the table in this diagram. You want to use full-text search to find the customers who live on a street or a drive. What is the command to do that?

Table name: customers

ID	lastname	firstname	phone	address	city	state	zip
A001	Smith	Bob	212-555-1212	1001 1st Street	New York	NY	10001
A002	Chang	John	213-555-5678	888 Rodeo Drive	Los Angeles	CA	90210
A003	Smith	Mary	999-999-9999	123 Main Street	Anytown	VA	12345
A004	Johnson	Jack	312-312-3120	1111 Chicago Avenue	Chicago	IL	60606
A005	Lopez	Linda	737-777-3333	123 Main Street	Austin	TX	73344

A

SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE address MATCH 'Street' OR 'Drive';

B

SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE MATCH(address) IN ('street, drive');

C

SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE address MATCH 'Street' OR address MATCH 'Drive';

D

SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE MATCH(address) AGAINST ('street, drive');

Q69. Which query lists the databases on the current server?

SHOW DATABASES;
LIST ALL DATABASES;
LIST DATABASES;
SHOW DB;

Q70. What is the product of the database designing phase?

all tables, columns, data types, indexes and their relationships
a list of entities, their relationship, and constraints
all tables and their names, which are needed to implement the logical model
a list of entities, their relationship, constraints, data types, and cardinalities

Q71. Which choice is not a valid model for a stored procedure parameter?

INOUT
IN
OUT
IN OUT

Q72. What is the advantage of using a temporary table instead of a heap table?

The temporary table will be dropped when the database is restarted.
Temporary tables can be shared among clients, which makes them more usable in group development environments.
The temporary table will be dropped as soon as your session disconnects.
Creating a temporary table does not require any special privileges.

Q73. Which is a valid constructor for a class named User?

public construct User() {}
public User() {}
public instance User() {}
public init User() {}

Q74. What is the maximum number of columns that can be used by a single table index?

2
4
8
16

Q75. Which command will return a list of triggers in the current database?

DISPLAY TRIGGERS;
SHOW TRIGGERS;
SELECT ALL TRIGGERS;
SELECT * FROM information_schema.triggers;

Q76. Which statement is true about TIMESTAMP and DATETIME data types?

TIMESTAMP values require more bytes for storage than DATETIME values.
TIMESTAMP is stored without timezone, and DATETIME is stored in UTC values.
TIMESTAMP and DATETIME are both stored without time zone.
TIMESTAMP is stored in UTC values, and DATETIME is stored in without time zone.

Q77. What is the equivalent of the mysqladmin reload command?

mysqladmin flush-threads
mysqladmin flush-tables
mysqladmin flush-privileges
mysqladmin flush-all

Q78. Explain the security aspect of stored procedures

Stored procedures are not secure, because they can be executed from the command line as the root user
Stored procedures are secure, because the owner of the stored procedure can decide to whom access is granted
Stored procedures are secure, because applications can be given access to stored procedures and not any underlying variables
Stored procedures are not secure, because they can execute statements to drop tables or bulk delete data

Q79. How would you retrieve data on all the customers where no phone number is stored?

SELECT * FROM customers WHERE PhoneNumber = NULL;
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE PhoneNumber IS NOT VALID;
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE PhoneNumber IS NULL;
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE PhoneNumber IS UNKNOWN;

Q80. In the diagram below, the price field is declared as type DECIMAL. What would be a more efficient declaration for this field?

FLOAT
DECIMAL(10,2)
NUMERIC
DOUBLE

Q81. Which choice is `not` an available string type for a column?

ENUM
SET
BIT
CHAR

Explnation: BIT is not a string type

Q82. This diagram shows what type of relationship between customers and cars?

one-to-many
parent-child
many-to-many
many-to-one

Q83. A stored routine is a set of SQL statements stored on the server and takes form as either a procedure or a function. Which statement cannot be used inside stored routines?

SELECT
USE
SET
DECLARE

Explanation: Both SET and DECLARE are used to create variables. Reference: MySQL STORED PROCEDURE Tutorial With Examples

Q84. When a new student is added to a new database, you want new records to be created in the related tables such as Exam, Score and Attendance. How would you accomplish this?

trigger
regular expression
view
index

Q85. In the diagram below, the ID fields are declared as type CHAR instead of INT . Which is NOT one of the possible reasons behind that decision?

The ID field needs to include letters and not just numbers.
You can have a consistent format across all of the tables that require ID fields.
The ID field needs to have leading 0s, which the INT data type would truncate.
The CHAR(10) data type is more efficient and space-saving.

Q86. Why would you use a common table expression (CTE)?

To define queries for later reuse for the duration of the current session
To create temporary tables that can be used to pre-select often-used result sets.
To calculate a new single value from a result set and return it to the query parser.
To break down complex queries and allow reuse within a query.

Explanation: CTEs do not create temporary tables, they only work within a signle query. Reference: 13.2.15 WITH (Common Table Expressions).

Q87. Which option modifier tells a program not to exit with an error if it does not recognize the option, but instead to issue a warning?

--verbose
--skip
--skip-error
--loose

Reference: 4.2.2.4 Program Option Modifiers

Q88. What does this SQL statement return?

SELECT name FROM students WHERE name REGEXP '^to';

all names starting with "to," such as Tommy or Tony
all names with "to," such as Roberto and Tommy
all names without "to," such as Samantha or Kathryn
all names ending with "to," such as Roberto

Q89. You are working with the tables as shown in the diagram. You need to generate the list of price totals for each make and model of car, with subtotals for each make, and the grand total of all prices. Which SQL clause do you use?

UNION
SHOW TOTALS
UNION ALL
WITH ROLLUP

Q90. The left and right joins are also known as _.

Inner Join
Natural Join
Outer Join
Cartesian Join

Q91. What is the valid way to create a database view in MySQL?

CREATE VIEW v1 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE col1 > 10;
CREATE VIEW v1 AS BEGIN SELECT * FROM t1 END;
CREATE VIEW v1 BEGIN SELECT * FROM t1 END;
CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1;

Q92. How are permissions implemented in MySQL?

encrypted algorithms
access control lists
user settings
administrator schema

Q93. Inside a transaction, several operations need to be performed. What would you do if an exception happens during that transaction?

UNDO
UNCOMMIT
ROLLBACK
REVERSE

Q94. What function finds the current time or date in MySQL?

DATE()
GETDATE()
CURDATE()
CURRENT()

Q95. What is the correct usage of ENUM in MySQL?

Create table size (ENUM ('Small','Medium','Large'));
Create table ENUM (name ('Small','Medium','Large'));
Create table size (name: ENUM['Small','Medium','Large']);
Create table size (name ENUM('Small','Medium','Large'));

Q96. The mysqldump command cannot generate output in _.

JSON
CSV
XML
TXT

Q97. You are working with the tables as shown in this diagram. You need to generate the list of all cars, whether or not they had been sold, with the purchase date of the cars that were sold. Which statement accomplishes that?

A

SELECT cars.*, purchases.date
FROM cars RIGHT JOIN purchases
ON cars.ID = purchases.carID;

B

SELECT cars.*, purchases.date
FROM cars INNER JOIN purchases
ON cars.ID = purchases.carID;

C

SELECT cars.*, purchases.date
FROM cars JOIN purchases
ON cars.ID = purchases.carID;

D

SELECT cars.*, purchases.date FROM cars LEFT JOIN purchases ON cars.ID = purchases.carID;

Q98. Which code snippet from a stored procedure should be rewritten as a CASE statement?

A

    IF var1 THEN SET varA = var1;
    ELSEIF var2 THEN SET varA = var2;
    ELSEIF var3 THEN SET varA = var3;
    ELSE SET varA = var4;
    END IF;

B

    IF var1 = var2 THEN SET varA = var1;
    ELSEIF var2 = var3 THEN SET varA = var2;
    ELSEIF var3 = var4 THEN SET varA = var3;
    ELSE SET varA = var4;
    END IF;

C

    IF var1 = 1 THEN SET varA = var1;
    ELSEIF var2 = 2 THEN SET varA = var2;
    ELSEIF var3 = 3 THEN SET varA = var3;
    ELSE SET varA = var4;
    END IF;

D

    IF var1 = 1 THEN SET varA = var1;
    ELSEIF var1 = 2 THEN SET varA = var2;
    ELSEIF var1 = 3 THEN SET varA = var3;
    ELSE SET varA = var4;
    END IF;

Q99. Why would you use stored functions?

for formulas and business rules that you want to apply to columns in an SQL query
for formulas and business rules that should be applied on a specific trigger event like on inserts
to automatically modify the data of a table based on a query
for reusing recurring queries

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