diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 9acec7ce..8e3c64ef 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ After startup, open the application: If you ran `start-prod`, navigate to [https://localhost](https://localhost) (the Caddy server's root CA is by default untrusted. You can bypass the browser warning). -If you used `make start-dev`, navigate to [http://localhost:3001](http://localhost:3001) +If you used `make start-dev`, navigate to [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000) #### Windows (non-WSL) diff --git a/client/.gitignore b/client/.gitignore index 276c810c..2694a6dc 100644 --- a/client/.gitignore +++ b/client/.gitignore @@ -31,3 +31,6 @@ dist-ssr # Local Netlify folder .netlify + +# Vitest +coverage \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/client/e2e/job-api.spec.ts b/client/e2e/job-api.spec.ts index 5af0c55f..555f9735 100644 --- a/client/e2e/job-api.spec.ts +++ b/client/e2e/job-api.spec.ts @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test"; -const prefix = "/api/v1"; - let mockProject: { uuid: string; name: string; @@ -19,9 +17,9 @@ let mockCreateJob: { // TODO: Skip Job tests for now test.describe.skip("Job API", () => { test.beforeEach(async ({ request }) => { - const fixtureRes = await request.post(`${prefix}/fixtures/reset`); + const fixtureRes = await request.post(`/api/v1/fixtures/reset`); expect(fixtureRes.status()).toBe(200); - const createRes = await request.post(`${prefix}/project`, { + const createRes = await request.post(`/api/v1/project`, { data: { name: "Test Project for Job", criteria: { @@ -34,20 +32,20 @@ test.describe.skip("Job API", () => { const createdProject = await createRes.json(); const projectRes = await request.get( - `${prefix}/project/${createdProject.uuid}` + `/api/v1/project/${createdProject.uuid}`, ); expect(projectRes.status()).toBe(200); mockProject = await projectRes.json(); - const createJobRes = await request.post(`${prefix}/job`, { + const createJobRes = await request.post(`/api/v1/job`, { data: { project_uuid: mockProject.uuid, llm_config: { - model_name: "gpt-4", - temperature: 0.7, - seed: 42, - top_p: 0.9, + provider_name: "mock", + model_name: "mock_001", + temperature: 0.0, + top_p: 0.1, }, prompting_config: { screening_type: "ZERO_SHOT", @@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ test.describe.skip("Job API", () => { test("Fetch all jobs returns 200 and an array with the mock job", async ({ request, }) => { - const res = await request.get(`${prefix}/job`); + const res = await request.get(`/api/v1/job`); expect(res.status()).toBe(200); const data: Array<{ @@ -74,14 +72,14 @@ test.describe.skip("Job API", () => { expect(data.length).toBe(1); expect(Array.isArray(data)).toBe(true); expect(data.some((job) => job.project_uuid === mockProject.uuid)).toBe( - true + true, ); }); test("Fetch jobs by project returns array with jobs for the given project", async ({ request, }) => { - const res = await request.get(`${prefix}/job?project=${mockProject.uuid}`); + const res = await request.get(`/api/v1/job?project=${mockProject.uuid}`); expect(res.status()).toBe(200); const data: Array<{ @@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ test.describe.skip("Job API", () => { expect(data.length).toBe(1); expect(data[0].prompting_config.screening_type).toBe("ZERO_SHOT"); expect(data.every((job) => job.project_uuid === mockProject.uuid)).toBe( - true + true, ); expect(data.some((job) => job.uuid === mockCreateJob.uuid)).toBe(true); }); @@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ test.describe.skip("Job API", () => { test("Fetch single job by UUID returns the correct job", async ({ request, }) => { - const res = await request.get(`${prefix}/job/${mockCreateJob.uuid}`); + const res = await request.get(`/api/v1/job/${mockCreateJob.uuid}`); expect(res.status()).toBe(200); const job: { @@ -123,14 +121,14 @@ test.describe.skip("Job API", () => { test("Creating a job with invalid project UUID returns 400", async ({ request, }) => { - const res = await request.post(`${prefix}/job`, { + const res = await request.post(`/api/v1/job`, { data: { project_uuid: "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", llm_config: { - model_name: "gpt-4", - temperature: 0.7, - seed: 42, - top_p: 0.9, + provider_name: "mock", + model_name: "mock_001", + temperature: 0.0, + top_p: 0.1, }, }, }); diff --git a/client/package-lock.json b/client/package-lock.json index daab8f31..53c04b0c 100644 --- a/client/package-lock.json +++ b/client/package-lock.json @@ -35,21 +35,30 @@ "devDependencies": { "@eslint/js": "^9.18.0", "@playwright/test": "^1.56.1", + "@testing-library/dom": "^10.4.1", + "@testing-library/react": "^16.3.1", "@types/js-cookie": "^3.0.6", "@types/node": "^22.10.10", "@types/react": "^18.3.18", "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.5", + "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^5.1.2", "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^3.7.2", + "@vitest/browser": "^4.0.17", + "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.0.17", + "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.0.17", "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20", "eslint": "^9.32.0", "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^5.1.0", "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.4.18", "globals": "^15.14.0", + "msw": "^2.12.7", "postcss": "^8.5.1", "tailwindcss": "^4.0.0", "typescript": "~5.7.3", "typescript-eslint": "^8.21.0", - "vite": "^6.4.1" + "vite": "^6.4.1", + "vitest": "^4.0.17", + "vitest-browser-react": "^2.0.2" }, "engines": { "node": ">=22" @@ -68,12 +77,12 @@ } }, "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": { - "version": "7.27.1", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.27.1.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-cjQ7ZlQ0Mv3b47hABuTevyTuYN4i+loJKGeV9flcCgIK37cCXRh+L1bd3iBHlynerhQ7BhCkn2BPbQUL+rGqFg==", + "version": "7.28.6", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.28.6.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-JYgintcMjRiCvS8mMECzaEn+m3PfoQiyqukOMCCVQtoJGYJw8j/8LBJEiqkHLkfwCcs74E3pbAUFNg7d9VNJ+Q==", "license": "MIT", "dependencies": { - "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.27.1", + "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.28.5", "js-tokens": "^4.0.0", "picocolors": "^1.1.1" }, @@ -81,14 +90,72 @@ "node": ">=6.9.0" } }, + "node_modules/@babel/compat-data": { + "version": "7.28.6", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/compat-data/-/compat-data-7.28.6.tgz", + "integrity": 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"sha512-8PWx8tvC4jDB39BQw1m4x8y5MH1BcQ5xHeL2n7UVFulMPH/3Q0uiamahFJ3lXA0zO2SUyRXuVVbWSDmstlt9YA==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "dependencies": { + "tldts-core": "^7.0.19" + }, + "bin": { + "tldts": "bin/cli.js" + } + }, + "node_modules/tldts-core": { + "version": "7.0.19", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tldts-core/-/tldts-core-7.0.19.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-lJX2dEWx0SGH4O6p+7FPwYmJ/bu1JbcGJ8RLaG9b7liIgZ85itUVEPbMtWRVrde/0fnDPEPHW10ZsKW3kVsE9A==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT" + }, + "node_modules/totalist": { + "version": "3.0.1", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/totalist/-/totalist-3.0.1.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-sf4i37nQ2LBx4m3wB74y+ubopq6W/dIzXg0FDGjsYnZHVa1Da8FH853wlL2gtUhg+xJXjfk3kUZS3BRoQeoQBQ==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "engines": { + "node": ">=6" + } + }, + "node_modules/tough-cookie": { + "version": "6.0.0", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tough-cookie/-/tough-cookie-6.0.0.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-kXuRi1mtaKMrsLUxz3sQYvVl37B0Ns6MzfrtV5DvJceE9bPyspOqk9xxv7XbZWcfLWbFmm997vl83qUWVJA64w==", + "dev": true, + "license": "BSD-3-Clause", + "dependencies": { + "tldts": "^7.0.5" + }, + "engines": { + "node": ">=16" + } + }, "node_modules/ts-api-utils": { "version": "2.1.0", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ts-api-utils/-/ts-api-utils-2.1.0.tgz", @@ -4957,6 +6319,22 @@ "node": ">= 0.8.0" } }, + "node_modules/type-fest": { + "version": "5.4.1", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/type-fest/-/type-fest-5.4.1.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-xygQcmneDyzsEuKZrFbRMne5HDqMs++aFzefrJTgEIKjQ3rekM+RPfFCVq2Gp1VIDqddoYeppCj4Pcb+RZW0GQ==", + "dev": true, + "license": "(MIT OR CC0-1.0)", + "dependencies": { + "tagged-tag": "^1.0.0" + }, + "engines": { + "node": ">=20" + }, + "funding": { + "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus" + } + }, "node_modules/typescript": { "version": "5.7.3", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.7.3.tgz", @@ -5002,6 +6380,16 @@ "devOptional": true, "license": "MIT" }, + "node_modules/until-async": { + "version": "3.0.2", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/until-async/-/until-async-3.0.2.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-IiSk4HlzAMqTUseHHe3VhIGyuFmN90zMTpD3Z3y8jeQbzLIq500MVM7Jq2vUAnTKAFPJrqwkzr6PoTcPhGcOiw==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "funding": { + "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kettanaito" + } + }, "node_modules/update-browserslist-db": { "version": "1.2.3", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/update-browserslist-db/-/update-browserslist-db-1.2.3.tgz", @@ -5177,6 +6565,109 @@ "node": "^8.16.0 || ^10.6.0 || >=11.0.0" } }, + "node_modules/vitest": { + "version": "4.0.17", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vitest/-/vitest-4.0.17.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-FQMeF0DJdWY0iOnbv466n/0BudNdKj1l5jYgl5JVTwjSsZSlqyXFt/9+1sEyhR6CLowbZpV7O1sCHrzBhucKKg==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "dependencies": { + "@vitest/expect": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/mocker": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/pretty-format": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/runner": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/snapshot": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/spy": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/utils": "4.0.17", + "es-module-lexer": "^1.7.0", + "expect-type": "^1.2.2", + "magic-string": "^0.30.21", + "obug": "^2.1.1", + "pathe": "^2.0.3", + "picomatch": "^4.0.3", + "std-env": "^3.10.0", + "tinybench": "^2.9.0", + "tinyexec": "^1.0.2", + "tinyglobby": "^0.2.15", + "tinyrainbow": "^3.0.3", + "vite": "^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0", + "why-is-node-running": "^2.3.0" + }, + "bin": { + "vitest": "vitest.mjs" + }, + "engines": { + "node": "^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0" + }, + "funding": { + "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest" + }, + "peerDependencies": { + "@edge-runtime/vm": "*", + "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.0", + "@types/node": "^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0", + "@vitest/browser-playwright": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/browser-preview": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/browser-webdriverio": "4.0.17", + "@vitest/ui": "4.0.17", + "happy-dom": "*", + "jsdom": "*" + }, + "peerDependenciesMeta": { + "@edge-runtime/vm": { + "optional": true + }, + "@opentelemetry/api": { + "optional": true + }, + "@types/node": { + "optional": true + }, + "@vitest/browser-playwright": { + "optional": true + }, + "@vitest/browser-preview": { + "optional": true + }, + "@vitest/browser-webdriverio": { + "optional": true + }, + "@vitest/ui": { + "optional": true + }, + "happy-dom": { + "optional": true + }, + "jsdom": { + "optional": true + } + } + }, + "node_modules/vitest-browser-react": { + "version": "2.0.2", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vitest-browser-react/-/vitest-browser-react-2.0.2.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-zuSgTe/CKODU3ip+w4ls6Qm4xZ9+A4OHmDf0obt/mwAqavpOtqtq2YcioZt8nfDQE50EWmhdnRfDmpS1jCsbTQ==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "funding": { + "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest" + }, + "peerDependencies": { + "@types/react": "^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0", + "@types/react-dom": "^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0", + "react": "^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0", + "react-dom": "^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0", + "vitest": "^4.0.0" + }, + "peerDependenciesMeta": { + "@types/react": { + "optional": true + }, + "@types/react-dom": { + "optional": true + } + } + }, "node_modules/which": { "version": "2.0.2", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz", @@ -5193,6 +6684,23 @@ "node": ">= 8" } }, + "node_modules/why-is-node-running": { + "version": "2.3.0", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/why-is-node-running/-/why-is-node-running-2.3.0.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-hUrmaWBdVDcxvYqnyh09zunKzROWjbZTiNy8dBEjkS7ehEDQibXJ7XvlmtbwuTclUiIyN+CyXQD4Vmko8fNm8w==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "dependencies": { + "siginfo": "^2.0.0", + "stackback": "0.0.2" + }, + "bin": { + "why-is-node-running": "cli.js" + }, + "engines": { + "node": ">=8" + } + }, "node_modules/word-wrap": { "version": "1.2.5", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/word-wrap/-/word-wrap-1.2.5.tgz", @@ -5217,6 +6725,60 @@ "react": ">=16.8.0" } }, + "node_modules/wrap-ansi": { + "version": "6.2.0", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-6.2.0.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-r6lPcBGxZXlIcymEu7InxDMhdW0KDxpLgoFLcguasxCaJ/SOIZwINatK9KY/tf+ZrlywOKU0UDj3ATXUBfxJXA==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "dependencies": { + "ansi-styles": "^4.0.0", + "string-width": "^4.1.0", + "strip-ansi": "^6.0.0" + }, + "engines": { + "node": ">=8" + } + }, + "node_modules/ws": { + "version": "8.19.0", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-8.19.0.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-blAT2mjOEIi0ZzruJfIhb3nps74PRWTCz1IjglWEEpQl5XS/UNama6u2/rjFkDDouqr4L67ry+1aGIALViWjDg==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "engines": { + "node": ">=10.0.0" + }, + "peerDependencies": { + "bufferutil": "^4.0.1", + "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2" + }, + "peerDependenciesMeta": { + "bufferutil": { + "optional": true + }, + "utf-8-validate": { + "optional": true + } + } + }, + "node_modules/y18n": { + "version": "5.0.8", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/y18n/-/y18n-5.0.8.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-0pfFzegeDWJHJIAmTLRP2DwHjdF5s7jo9tuztdQxAhINCdvS+3nGINqPd00AphqJR/0LhANUS6/+7SCb98YOfA==", + "dev": true, + "license": "ISC", + "engines": { + "node": ">=10" + } + }, + "node_modules/yallist": { + "version": "3.1.1", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yallist/-/yallist-3.1.1.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-a4UGQaWPH59mOXUYnAG2ewncQS4i4F43Tv3JoAM+s2VDAmS9NsK8GpDMLrCHPksFT7h3K6TOoUNn2pb7RoXx4g==", + "dev": true, + "license": "ISC" + }, "node_modules/yaml": { "version": "2.8.2", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yaml/-/yaml-2.8.2.tgz", @@ -5234,6 +6796,35 @@ "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/eemeli" } }, + "node_modules/yargs": { + "version": "17.7.2", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs/-/yargs-17.7.2.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-7dSzzRQ++CKnNI/krKnYRV7JKKPUXMEh61soaHKg9mrWEhzFWhFnxPxGl+69cD1Ou63C13NUPCnmIcrvqCuM6w==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "dependencies": { + "cliui": "^8.0.1", + "escalade": "^3.1.1", + "get-caller-file": "^2.0.5", + "require-directory": "^2.1.1", + "string-width": "^4.2.3", + "y18n": "^5.0.5", + "yargs-parser": "^21.1.1" + }, + "engines": { + "node": ">=12" + } + }, + "node_modules/yargs-parser": { + "version": "21.1.1", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs-parser/-/yargs-parser-21.1.1.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-tVpsJW7DdjecAiFpbIB1e3qxIQsE6NoPc5/eTdrbbIC4h0LVsWhnoa3g+m2HclBIujHzsxZ4VJVA+GUuc2/LBw==", + "dev": true, + "license": "ISC", + "engines": { + "node": ">=12" + } + }, "node_modules/yocto-queue": { "version": "0.1.0", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yocto-queue/-/yocto-queue-0.1.0.tgz", @@ -5247,6 +6838,19 @@ "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus" } }, + "node_modules/yoctocolors-cjs": { + "version": "2.1.3", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yoctocolors-cjs/-/yoctocolors-cjs-2.1.3.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-U/PBtDf35ff0D8X8D0jfdzHYEPFxAI7jJlxZXwCSez5M3190m+QobIfh+sWDWSHMCWWJN2AWamkegn6vr6YBTw==", + "dev": true, + "license": "MIT", + "engines": { + "node": ">=18" + }, + "funding": { + "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus" + } + }, "node_modules/zod": { "version": "4.2.1", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-4.2.1.tgz", diff --git a/client/package.json b/client/package.json index c37433a5..bc31a758 100644 --- a/client/package.json +++ b/client/package.json @@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ "lint": "eslint .", "typecheck": "tsc -p tsconfig.app.json --noEmit", "preview": "vite preview --host 0.0.0.0 --port 3000", - "test": "npx playwright test && npx playwright show-report" + "test": "vitest run", + "test:watch": "vitest watch", + "coverage": "vitest run --coverage", + "test:e2e": "npx playwright test && npx playwright show-report", + "test:browser": "vitest --config=vitest.browser.config.ts" }, "engines": { "node": ">=22" @@ -42,20 +46,29 @@ "devDependencies": { "@eslint/js": "^9.18.0", "@playwright/test": "^1.56.1", + "@testing-library/dom": "^10.4.1", + "@testing-library/react": "^16.3.1", "@types/js-cookie": "^3.0.6", "@types/node": "^22.10.10", "@types/react": "^18.3.18", "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.5", + "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^5.1.2", "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^3.7.2", + "@vitest/browser": "^4.0.17", + "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.0.17", + "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.0.17", "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20", "eslint": "^9.32.0", "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^5.1.0", "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.4.18", "globals": "^15.14.0", + "msw": "^2.12.7", "postcss": "^8.5.1", "tailwindcss": "^4.0.0", "typescript": "~5.7.3", "typescript-eslint": "^8.21.0", - "vite": "^6.4.1" + "vite": "^6.4.1", + "vitest": "^4.0.17", + "vitest-browser-react": "^2.0.2" } } diff --git a/client/src/components/Card.tsx b/client/src/components/Card.tsx index f5b9d90c..9fa78144 100644 --- a/client/src/components/Card.tsx +++ b/client/src/components/Card.tsx @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export const Card: React.FC> = ({
> = ({ "bg-yellow-200": variant == "warning", }, padding, - className - ) + className, + ), )} {...rest} > diff --git a/client/src/components/DropDownMenus.tsx b/client/src/components/DropDownMenus.tsx index 62067213..0eebceac 100644 --- a/client/src/components/DropDownMenus.tsx +++ b/client/src/components/DropDownMenus.tsx @@ -70,19 +70,18 @@ export const DropdownMenuText: React.FC = ({ {selected?.name || "-"} {options.map((option) => ( ; const EventDataList: React.FC<{ logs: Array }> = ({ logs }) => { const [open, setOpen] = useState(false); return ( -
+
{!open && (
)}
-

Provider

+ ({ @@ -720,7 +973,7 @@ export const ProjectPage = () => { setSelected={setIsLlmProviderSelected} /> {/* {isLlmProviderSelected && ( -
+
@@ -735,99 +988,12 @@ export const ProjectPage = () => {
)} */} {isLlmProviderSelected && providerParametersSchema && ( - //
- <> - {Object.keys(providerParametersSchema.properties).map( - (key) => { - const property = providerParametersSchema.properties[key]; - return ( -
-

- {property.title}{" "} - {providerFormValues[key] !== undefined && - property.type !== "string" && - providerFormValues[key] !== "" - ? "(" + providerFormValues[key] + ")" - : ""} -

-

- {property.description} -

- {property.type === "number" && ( - { - const val = - e.target.value === "" - ? "" - : parseFloat(e.target.value); - if (!Number.isNaN(val)) { - setProviderFormValue((vals) => ({ - ...vals, - [key]: val, - })); - } - }} - // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment - // @ts-expect-error Ok - value={providerFormValues[key]} - /> - )} - {property.type === "string" && ( - { - setProviderFormValue((vals) => ({ - ...vals, - [key]: e.target.value, - })); - }} - // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment - // @ts-expect-error Ok - value={providerFormValues[key]} - /> - )} - {property.type === "integer" && ( - { - const val = - e.target.value === "" - ? "" - : parseInt(e.target.value, 10); - if (!Number.isNaN(val)) { - setProviderFormValue((vals) => ({ - ...vals, - [key]: val, - })); - } - }} - // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment - // @ts-expect-error Ok - value={providerFormValues[key]} - /> - )} -
- ); - } - )} - - //
+ )}
{isLlmProviderSelected && @@ -840,17 +1006,12 @@ export const ProjectPage = () => { title={param.title} /> ))} - {isLlmProviderSelected &&

Model

} - {isLlmProviderSelected && !modelsLoaded && ( - + + {!modelsLoaded && ( +
)} {modelsLoaded && ( -
+
{ />
)} - {isLlmSelected && modelParametersSchema && ( -
- {Object.keys(modelParametersSchema.properties).map((key) => { - const property = modelParametersSchema.properties[key]; - return ( -
-

- {property.title}{" "} - {modelFormValues[key] !== undefined && - modelFormValues[key] !== "" - ? "(" + modelFormValues[key] + ")" - : ""} -

-

- {property.description} -

- {property.type === "number" && ( - { - setModelFormValue((vals) => ({ - ...vals, - [key]: e.target.value, - })); - }} - // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment - // @ts-expect-error Ok - value={modelFormValues[key]} - /> - )} - {property.type === "integer" && ( - { - setModelFormValue((vals) => ({ - ...vals, - [key]: e.target.value, - })); - }} - // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment - // @ts-expect-error Ok - value={modelFormValues[key]} - /> - )} -
- ); - })} -
- )} + +
+ + +
-
- - - - Create Few-shot - -
@@ -974,7 +1120,7 @@ export const ProjectPage = () => { variant="green" className="px-6 text-md font-bold rounded-lg " onClick={openManualEvaluation} - disabled={papersLoading || !canStartManualEvaluation} + disabled={!canStartManualEvaluation} >
diff --git a/client/src/pages/ResultPage.tsx b/client/src/pages/ResultPage.tsx index 8ec82ce7..c90a7b13 100644 --- a/client/src/pages/ResultPage.tsx +++ b/client/src/pages/ResultPage.tsx @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function Row({ {paper.doi && ( Model Results - {modelColumns.map((model) => ( - - {model}: {paper[model]} - - ))} + {modelColumns + .filter((c) => c !== "notes") + .map((model) => ( + + {model}: {paper[model]} + + ))} { - const params = useParams<{ projectUuid: string }>(); - const { projectUuid } = params; + const params = useParams<{ uuid: string }>(); + const { uuid } = params; const [result, setResult] = useState([]); useEffect(() => { const fetchData = async () => { - const res: Result[] = await fetchResultFromBackend(projectUuid); + const res: Result[] = await fetchResultFromBackend(uuid); setResult(res); }; fetchData(); - }, [projectUuid]); + }, [uuid]); const fixedColumns = ["title", "abstract", "doi", "human_result"]; const modelColumns = diff --git a/client/src/pages/SettingPage.tsx b/client/src/pages/SettingPage.tsx index b0458ed9..89357e9e 100644 --- a/client/src/pages/SettingPage.tsx +++ b/client/src/pages/SettingPage.tsx @@ -1,58 +1,118 @@ -import { useEffect, useState } from "react"; +import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react"; import * as z from "zod"; import Skeleton from "react-loading-skeleton"; import { Button } from "../components/Button"; import { Layout } from "../components/Layout"; import { useConfig } from "../config/config"; -import { CircleX, Pencil, Save } from "lucide-react"; +import { CircleX, Pencil, Save, KeyRound } from "lucide-react"; import { Card } from "../components/Card"; import { H4 } from "../components/Typography"; type SettingEntryProps = { config_key: string; title: string; + description: string | null; }; -const SettingEntry: React.FC = ({ title, config_key }) => { - const { - setting, - loading, - // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars - error: _error, - refresh, - update, - } = useConfig(config_key); +const StatusPill = ({ + kind, + label, +}: { + kind: "set" | "missing"; + label: string; +}) => { + const base = + "inline-flex items-center gap-2 rounded-full px-2.5 py-1 text-xs font-medium ring-1"; + if (kind === "set") { + return ( + + + {label} + + ); + } + return ( + + + {label} + + ); +}; + +const SettingEntry: React.FC = ({ + title, + config_key, + description, +}) => { + const { setting, loading, refresh, update } = useConfig(config_key); + const [editMode, setEditMode] = useState(false); const [value, setValue] = useState(""); + const isSet = !loading && setting !== null; + const canSave = !loading && value.trim() !== "" && value !== setting?.value; + + useEffect(() => { + if (editMode) setValue(""); + }, [editMode]); + return ( - <> -
- {loading ? : title} +
+
+
+ + {loading ? : title} + + {!loading && ( + + )} +
+ +

+ {loading ? ( + + ) : description !== null ? ( + description + ) : ( + "" + )} +

-
- {loading && } - {!loading && setting === null && !editMode && ( - - )} -
- {!loading && setting !== null && !editMode && ( - <> - +
+ {!loading && !editMode && ( +
+ {setting !== null ? ( + <> +
+ + +
+ + + + ) : ( - - )} - {!loading && editMode && ( - <> + )} +
+ )} + {!loading && editMode && ( +
+
+ { - setValue(e.target.value); - e.preventDefault(); - }} + onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)} /> +
+
- - )} -
+
+
+ )}
- +
); }; -/** - * Matches ConfigParameter from the backend - */ const ConfigParameterSchema = z.object({ key: z.string(), title: z.string(), + description: z.string().nullable(), type: z.enum(["string", "number", "boolean"]).default("string"), defaultValue: z .union([z.string(), z.number(), z.boolean()]) @@ -138,62 +193,75 @@ const ConfigParameterSchema = z.object({ secret: z.boolean(), }); -/** - * Matches ProviderConfigParamsResponse - */ const ProviderConfigParamsResponseSchema = z.object({ title: z.string(), + description: z.string(), config_parameters: z.array(ConfigParameterSchema), }); -/** - * dict[str, ProviderConfigParamsResponse] - */ const ProviderConfigParamsMapSchema = z.record( z.string(), - ProviderConfigParamsResponseSchema + ProviderConfigParamsResponseSchema, ); - type ProviderConfigParamsMap = z.infer; export const SettingsPage = () => { const [entries, setEntries] = useState({}); + useEffect(() => { fetch("/api/v1/llm/provider_config_params") - .then((res) => { - return res.json().then((jsonData) => { - console.log("json", jsonData); - const contents = ProviderConfigParamsMapSchema.parse(jsonData); - setEntries(contents); - }); + .then((res) => res.json()) + .then((jsonData) => { + const contents = ProviderConfigParamsMapSchema.parse(jsonData); + setEntries(contents); }) .catch(); }, []); + + const providerKeys = useMemo(() => Object.keys(entries), [entries]); + return ( - {Object.keys(entries).map((key) => { - const entry = entries[key]; - if (entry.config_parameters.length === 0) { - return null; - } - return ( -
-

{entry.title}

-
- {entry.config_parameters.map((setting) => { - return ( +
+

Settings

+

+ Manage settings related to AiSysRev or LLM providers. +

+
+
+ {providerKeys.map((key) => { + const entry = entries[key]; + if (!entry || entry.config_parameters.length === 0) return null; + + return ( +
+
+
+

{entry.title}

+

+ {entry.description} +

+
+
+ +
+ {entry.config_parameters.map((setting) => ( - ); - })} -
-
- ); - })} + ))} +
+ + ); + })} +
); diff --git a/client/src/services/api.ts b/client/src/services/api.ts index 28b8798f..c2459ae0 100644 --- a/client/src/services/api.ts +++ b/client/src/services/api.ts @@ -1,5 +1,10 @@ -import axios from 'axios'; +import axios from "axios"; -export const api = axios.create({ - baseURL: "/api/v1", -}); \ No newline at end of file +const getBaseUrl = () => + import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL !== undefined + ? import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL + : undefined; + +export const createApi = (baseURL = getBaseUrl()) => axios.create({ baseURL }); + +export const api = createApi(); diff --git a/client/src/services/fileService.ts b/client/src/services/fileService.ts index b67c0395..593d69fd 100644 --- a/client/src/services/fileService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/fileService.ts @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -import { api } from '../services/api' +import { api } from "../services/api"; export const fileFetchFromBackend = async (projectUuid: string) => { try { // console.log("Fetching files for project UUID:", projectUuid); - const res = await api.get(`/files/${projectUuid}`); + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/files/${projectUuid}`); // console.log("Fetch successful:", res.data); return res.data; } catch (error) { @@ -12,17 +12,20 @@ export const fileFetchFromBackend = async (projectUuid: string) => { } }; -export const fileUploadToBackend = async (files: File[], projectUuid: string) => { +export const fileUploadToBackend = async ( + files: File[], + projectUuid: string, +) => { const formData = new FormData(); formData.append("project_uuid", projectUuid); files.forEach((file) => formData.append("files", file)); try { - const res = await api.post(`/files/upload`, formData); + const res = await api.post(`/api/v1/files/upload`, formData); return res.data; - } catch (error){ + } catch (error) { console.error("Backend upload error", error); throw error; } -}; \ No newline at end of file +}; diff --git a/client/src/services/jobService.ts b/client/src/services/jobService.ts index 32a6d4bc..58fddea1 100644 --- a/client/src/services/jobService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/jobService.ts @@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import { LlmConfig, PromptingConfig } from "../state/types"; export const createJob = async ( projectUuid: string, llmConfig: LlmConfig, - promptingConfig: PromptingConfig + promptingConfig: PromptingConfig, ) => { try { - const res = await api.post("/job", { + const res = await api.post("/api/v1/job", { project_uuid: projectUuid, llm_config: llmConfig, prompting_config: promptingConfig, @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const createJob = async ( export const fetchJobsForProject = async (projectUuid: string) => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/job?project=${projectUuid}`); + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/job?project=${projectUuid}`); return res.data; } catch (error) { console.error("Error fetching jobs:", error); diff --git a/client/src/services/jobTaskService.ts b/client/src/services/jobTaskService.ts index c1c7e788..bbe0df7b 100644 --- a/client/src/services/jobTaskService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/jobTaskService.ts @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -import { api } from '../services/api'; -import { JobTaskHumanResult, JobTask } from '../state/types'; +import { api } from "../services/api"; +import { JobTaskHumanResult, JobTask } from "../state/types"; export const fetchPapersFromBackend = async (projectUuid: string) => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/paper/${projectUuid}`); + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/paper/${projectUuid}`); return res.data; } catch (error: unknown) { // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any - const e = error as any + const e = error as any; if (e.response?.status === 404) { return []; } @@ -15,9 +15,12 @@ export const fetchPapersFromBackend = async (projectUuid: string) => { } }; -export const fetchJobTasksFromBackend = async (jobUuid: string, jobId?: number) => { +export const fetchJobTasksFromBackend = async ( + jobUuid: string, + jobId?: number, +) => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/jobtask/${jobUuid}`); + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/jobtask/${jobUuid}`); let id = jobId; if (!id && res.data.length > 0) { id = res.data[0].job_id; @@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ export const fetchJobTasksFromBackend = async (jobUuid: string, jobId?: number) export const fetchJobTaskByUuid = async (jobTaskUuid: string) => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/jobtask/${jobTaskUuid}`); + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/jobtask/${jobTaskUuid}`); return res.data; } catch (error) { console.error("Error fetching job task by UUID:", error); @@ -42,10 +45,15 @@ export const fetchJobTaskByUuid = async (jobTaskUuid: string) => { } }; -export const addJobTaskResult = async (jobTaskUuid: string, result: JobTaskHumanResult) => { +export const addJobTaskResult = async ( + jobTaskUuid: string, + result: JobTaskHumanResult, +) => { try { - const res = await api.patch(`/jobtask/${jobTaskUuid}`, { human_result: result }); - return res.data; + const res = await api.patch(`/api/v1/jobtask/${jobTaskUuid}`, { + human_result: result, + }); + return res.data; } catch (error) { console.error("Error adding job task result:", error); throw error; diff --git a/client/src/services/llmService.ts b/client/src/services/llmService.ts index af11d78b..28bd0a18 100644 --- a/client/src/services/llmService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/llmService.ts @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ import { z } from "zod"; -import axios from "axios"; - -const prefix = "/api/v1"; +import { api } from "./api"; // OpenRouter API model listing response schema // Backend filters this list to show only the ones that support JSON, temperature, seed and top_p. @@ -54,12 +52,12 @@ export type ModelResponse = z.TypeOf; export const retrieve_models = async ( provider: string, - provider_parameters: Record = {} + provider_parameters: Record = {}, ): Promise< Array<{ id: string; created: number; object: "model"; owned_by: string }> > => { try { - const res = await axios.post(`${prefix}/llm/${provider}/models`, { + const res = await api.post(`/api/v1/llm/${provider}/models`, { provider_parameters, }); // TODO: Data validation diff --git a/client/src/services/paperService.ts b/client/src/services/paperService.ts index caa9e4ab..ad00f212 100644 --- a/client/src/services/paperService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/paperService.ts @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { JobTaskHumanResult } from "../state/types"; export const fetchPapersForProject = async (projectUuid: string) => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/paper/${projectUuid}`); + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/paper/${projectUuid}`); return res.data; } catch (error: unknown) { // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any @@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ export const fetchPapersForProject = async (projectUuid: string) => { }; export const fetchPapersWithModelEvalsForProject = async ( - projectUuid: string + projectUuid: string, ) => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/paper/${projectUuid}/with_model_evaluations`); + const res = await api.get( + `/api/v1/paper/${projectUuid}/with_model_evaluations`, + ); return res.data; } catch (error: unknown) { // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any @@ -35,10 +37,10 @@ export const fetchPapersWithModelEvalsForProject = async ( export const addPaperHumanResult = async ( paperUuid: string, - result: JobTaskHumanResult + result: JobTaskHumanResult, ) => { try { - const res = await api.patch(`/paper/${paperUuid}`, { + const res = await api.patch(`/api/v1/paper/${paperUuid}`, { human_result: result, }); return res.data; diff --git a/client/src/services/projectService.test.ts b/client/src/services/projectService.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 00000000..744612b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/client/src/services/projectService.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +import { afterAll, afterEach, beforeAll, describe, it, expect } from "vitest"; +import { setupServer } from "msw/node"; +import { http, HttpResponse } from "msw"; +import * as projectService from "./projectService"; +import type { Project } from "../state/types/project"; + +describe("Project service", () => { + it("Fetches projects successfully", async () => { + const projects = await projectService.fetch_projects(); + expect(projects.length).toBe(1); + expect(projects[0].name).toBe("Test project 123"); + expect(projects[0].uuid).toBe("test-uuid"); + }); +}); + +// https://vitest.dev/guide/mocking/requests.html +export const handlers = [ + // Get all projects + http.get(`${process.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}/api/v1/project`, () => { + return HttpResponse.json( + [ + { + uuid: "test-uuid", + criteria: { + inclusion_criteria: [], + exclusion_criteria: [], + }, + name: "Test project 123", + preferences: {}, + } satisfies Project, + ], + { status: 200 }, + ); + }), +]; + +const server = setupServer(...handlers); + +// Start server before all tests +beforeAll(() => server.listen({ onUnhandledRequest: "error" })); + +// Close server after all tests +afterAll(() => server.close()); + +// Reset handlers after each test for test isolation +afterEach(() => server.resetHandlers()); diff --git a/client/src/services/projectService.ts b/client/src/services/projectService.ts index 45ef8dea..b3294a74 100644 --- a/client/src/services/projectService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/projectService.ts @@ -1,46 +1,57 @@ +import z from "zod"; import { api } from "../services/api"; -import { Criteria, Project } from "../state/types"; +import type { + CreatedProject, + Criteria, + DeletedProject, + Project, +} from "../state/types/project"; +import { + CreatedProjectModel, + DeletedProjectModel, + ProjectModel, +} from "../state/types/project"; -// TODO: Zod type guard export const fetch_projects = async (): Promise => { try { - const res = await api.get("/project"); - // console.log("Fetching projects successful", res.data); - return res.data; + const res = await api.get("/api/v1/project"); + return z.array(ProjectModel).parse(res.data); } catch (error) { console.error("Fetching projects unsuccessful", error); throw error; } }; -export const fetch_project_by_uuid = async (uuid: string) => { +export const fetch_project_by_uuid = async (uuid: string): Promise => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/project/${uuid}`); - return res.data; + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/project/${uuid}`); + return ProjectModel.parse(res.data); } catch (error) { console.error("Fetching project by UUID unsuccessful", error); throw error; } }; -export const create_project = async (title: string, criteria: Criteria) => { +export const create_project = async ( + title: string, + criteria: Criteria, +): Promise => { try { - // console.log("Creating project with title:", title); - const res = await api.post("/project", { + const res = await api.post("/api/v1/project", { name: title, criteria: criteria, }); - return res.data; + return CreatedProjectModel.parse(res.data); } catch (error) { console.error("Creating project unsuccessful", error); throw error; } }; -export const delete_project = async (uuid: string) => { +export const delete_project = async (uuid: string): Promise => { try { - const res = await api.delete(`/project/${uuid}`); - return res.data; + const res = await api.delete(`/api/v1/project/${uuid}`); + return DeletedProjectModel.parse(res.data); } catch (error) { console.error("Deleting project unsuccessful", error); throw error; diff --git a/client/src/services/providerService.ts b/client/src/services/providerService.ts index 9db11287..d057e86e 100644 --- a/client/src/services/providerService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/providerService.ts @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { api } from "./api"; export const fetchProviders = async () => { try { - const res = await api.get(`/llm/providers`); + const res = await api.get(`/api/v1/llm/providers`); const parsed = ProviderResponse.parse(res.data); return parsed; } catch (error: unknown) { diff --git a/client/src/services/resultService.ts b/client/src/services/resultService.ts index 0fdc0808..3c8ae2e8 100644 --- a/client/src/services/resultService.ts +++ b/client/src/services/resultService.ts @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { api } from "../services/api"; export const fetchResultFromBackend = async (projectUuid: string) => { const res = await api.get( - `/result/?${new URLSearchParams({ project_uuid: projectUuid }).toString()}` + `/api/v1/result/?${new URLSearchParams({ project_uuid: projectUuid }).toString()}`, ); return res.data; }; diff --git a/client/src/state/ProjectModel.test.ts b/client/src/state/ProjectModel.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1a21098b --- /dev/null +++ b/client/src/state/ProjectModel.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"; +import type { Project } from "./types/project"; +import { createStore } from "easy-peasy"; +import { model } from "./store"; + +const createProject = (uuid: string, name = "Project"): Project => ({ + uuid, + name, + criteria: { inclusion_criteria: [], exclusion_criteria: [] }, + preferences: null, +}); + +describe("ProjectModel", () => { + it("Sets projects and gets project by UUID", () => { + const store = createStore(model); + const actions = store.getActions(); + + const project = createProject("MOCK-UUID", "Test project"); + + actions.setProjects([project]); + + expect(store.getState().projects).toEqual([project]); + expect(store.getState().getProjectByUuid("MOCK-UUID")).toEqual(project); + expect(store.getState().getProjectByUuid("MOCK-UUID-2")).toBeUndefined(); + }); + + it("Updates loading state for projects", () => { + const store = createStore(model); + const actions = store.getActions(); + + actions.setLoadingProjects(true); + expect(store.getState().loading.projects).toBe(true); + + actions.setLoadingProjects(false); + expect(store.getState().loading.projects).toBe(false); + }); +}); diff --git a/client/src/state/store.ts b/client/src/state/store.ts index 70f136dd..459f3416 100644 --- a/client/src/state/store.ts +++ b/client/src/state/store.ts @@ -11,12 +11,8 @@ import { import * as projectsService from "../services/projectService"; import * as paperService from "../services/paperService"; import * as providerService from "../services/providerService"; -import { - JobTaskHumanResult, - PaperWithModelEval, - Project, - Provider -} from "./types"; +import type { JobTaskHumanResult, PaperWithModelEval, Provider } from "./types"; +import type { Project } from "./types/project"; const injections = { projectsService, @@ -36,7 +32,6 @@ type ProjectUUID = string; // Defines state, actions and thunks for project-related things. interface ProjectModel { - // Projects projects: Array; setProjects: Action>; setLoadingProjects: Action; @@ -108,143 +103,141 @@ type StoreModel = {} & LoadingModel & ProjectModel & PaperModel & ProviderModel; export type Injections = typeof injections; -export const store = createStore( - { - // Projects - projects: [], - setProjects: action((state, payload) => { - state.projects = payload; - }), - setPapers: action((state, payload) => { - state.papers[payload.projectUuid] = payload.papers; - }), - setLoadingProjects: action((state, payload) => { - state.loading.projects = payload; - }), - setPaperPending: action((state, payload) => { - state.loading.papers[payload.projectUuid] = payload.state; - }), - // This should be only called on-demand, as one project might contain tens of thousands of papers - fetchPapers: thunk(async (actions, projectUuid, { injections }) => { - actions.setPaperPending({ projectUuid, state: true }); - const { paperService } = injections; - return paperService - .fetchPapersWithModelEvalsForProject(projectUuid) - .then((papers) => { - actions.setPapers({ projectUuid, papers }); - actions.setPaperPending({ projectUuid, state: false }); - }) - .catch(console.error) - .finally(() => actions.setPaperPending({ projectUuid, state: false })); - }), - setPaperPendingState: action((state, payload) => { - state.papersPendingState[payload.paperUuid] = payload.pending; - }), - fetchProjects: thunk(async (actions, _, { injections }) => { - actions.setLoadingProjects(true); - const { projectsService } = injections; - return projectsService - .fetch_projects() - .then((p) => { - actions.setProjects(p); - actions.setLoadingProjects(false); - }) - .catch(console.error) - .finally(() => actions.setLoadingProjects(false)); - }), - refreshProjects: thunk(async (actions) => { - actions.setProjects([]); - return actions.fetchProjects(); - }), - getProjectByUuid: computed((state) => { - return (uuid: string) => state.projects.find((p) => p.uuid === uuid); - }), - addHumanResult: thunk(async (actions, params, { injections }) => { - actions.setPaperPendingState({ - paperUuid: params.paperUuid, - pending: true, - }); - const { paperService } = injections; - await paperService.addPaperHumanResult( - params.paperUuid, - params.humanResult - ); - actions.setPaperHumanResult({ - projectUuid: params.projectUuid, - paperUuid: params.paperUuid, - humanResult: params.humanResult, - }); - actions.setPaperPendingState({ - paperUuid: params.paperUuid, - pending: false, - }); - }), - setPaperHumanResult: action((state, payload) => { - const { projectUuid, paperUuid, humanResult } = payload; - const projectPapers = state.papers[projectUuid]; - if (!projectPapers) return; - const paperIndex = projectPapers.findIndex((p) => p.uuid === paperUuid); - if (paperIndex === -1) return; - projectPapers[paperIndex] = { - ...projectPapers[paperIndex], - human_result: humanResult, - }; - }), - // Loading state - loading: { - projects: false, - providers: false, - papers: {}, - }, +export const model = { + // Projects + projects: [], + setProjects: action((state, payload) => { + state.projects = payload; + }), + setPapers: action((state, payload) => { + state.papers[payload.projectUuid] = payload.papers; + }), + setLoadingProjects: action((state, payload) => { + state.loading.projects = payload; + }), + setPaperPending: action((state, payload) => { + state.loading.papers[payload.projectUuid] = payload.state; + }), + // This should be only called on-demand, as one project might contain tens of thousands of papers + fetchPapers: thunk(async (actions, projectUuid, { injections }) => { + actions.setPaperPending({ projectUuid, state: true }); + const { paperService } = injections; + return paperService + .fetchPapersWithModelEvalsForProject(projectUuid) + .then((papers) => { + actions.setPapers({ projectUuid, papers }); + actions.setPaperPending({ projectUuid, state: false }); + }) + .catch(console.error) + .finally(() => actions.setPaperPending({ projectUuid, state: false })); + }), + setPaperPendingState: action((state, payload) => { + state.papersPendingState[payload.paperUuid] = payload.pending; + }), + fetchProjects: thunk(async (actions, _, { injections }) => { + actions.setLoadingProjects(true); + const { projectsService } = injections; + return projectsService + .fetch_projects() + .then((p) => { + actions.setProjects(p); + actions.setLoadingProjects(false); + }) + .catch(console.error) + .finally(() => actions.setLoadingProjects(false)); + }), + refreshProjects: thunk(async (actions) => { + actions.setProjects([]); + return actions.fetchProjects(); + }), + getProjectByUuid: computed((state) => { + return (uuid: string) => state.projects.find((p) => p.uuid === uuid); + }), + addHumanResult: thunk(async (actions, params, { injections }) => { + actions.setPaperPendingState({ + paperUuid: params.paperUuid, + pending: true, + }); + const { paperService } = injections; + await paperService.addPaperHumanResult( + params.paperUuid, + params.humanResult, + ); + actions.setPaperHumanResult({ + projectUuid: params.projectUuid, + paperUuid: params.paperUuid, + humanResult: params.humanResult, + }); + actions.setPaperPendingState({ + paperUuid: params.paperUuid, + pending: false, + }); + }), + setPaperHumanResult: action((state, payload) => { + const { projectUuid, paperUuid, humanResult } = payload; + const projectPapers = state.papers[projectUuid]; + if (!projectPapers) return; + const paperIndex = projectPapers.findIndex((p) => p.uuid === paperUuid); + if (paperIndex === -1) return; + projectPapers[paperIndex] = { + ...projectPapers[paperIndex], + human_result: humanResult, + }; + }), + // Loading state + loading: { + projects: false, + providers: false, papers: {}, - papersPendingState: {}, - getPapersForProject: computed((state) => { - return (uuid: string) => - state.papers[uuid] === undefined ? [] : state.papers[uuid]; - }), - getPaperPendingState: computed((state) => { - return (paperUuid: string) => - state.papersPendingState[paperUuid] || false; - }), - getPaperByUuid: computed((state) => { - return (projectUuid: string, paperUuid: string) => - (state.papers[projectUuid] || []).find( - (paper) => paper.uuid === paperUuid - ); - }), - providers: [], - fetchProviders: thunk(async (actions, _, { injections }) => { - actions.setLoadingProviders(true); - const { providerService } = injections; - return providerService - .fetchProviders() - .then((p) => { - actions.setProviders(p); - actions.setLoadingProviders(false); - }) - .catch(console.error) - .finally(() => actions.setLoadingProviders(false)); - }), - refreshProviders: thunk(async (actions) => { - actions.setProviders([]); - return actions.fetchProviders(); - }), - setProviders: action((state, payload) => { - state.providers = payload; - }), - setLoadingProviders: action((state, payload) => { - state.loading.providers = payload; - }), - getProviderByName: computed((state) => { - return (name: string) => - (state.providers || []).find((provider) => provider.name === name); - }), }, - { - injections, - devTools: process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production", - } -); + papers: {}, + papersPendingState: {}, + getPapersForProject: computed((state) => { + return (uuid: string) => + state.papers[uuid] === undefined ? [] : state.papers[uuid]; + }), + getPaperPendingState: computed((state) => { + return (paperUuid: string) => state.papersPendingState[paperUuid] || false; + }), + getPaperByUuid: computed((state) => { + return (projectUuid: string, paperUuid: string) => + (state.papers[projectUuid] || []).find( + (paper) => paper.uuid === paperUuid, + ); + }), + providers: [], + fetchProviders: thunk(async (actions, _, { injections }) => { + actions.setLoadingProviders(true); + const { providerService } = injections; + return providerService + .fetchProviders() + .then((p) => { + actions.setProviders(p); + actions.setLoadingProviders(false); + }) + .catch(console.error) + .finally(() => actions.setLoadingProviders(false)); + }), + refreshProviders: thunk(async (actions) => { + actions.setProviders([]); + return actions.fetchProviders(); + }), + setProviders: action((state, payload) => { + state.providers = payload; + }), + setLoadingProviders: action((state, payload) => { + state.loading.providers = payload; + }), + getProviderByName: computed((state) => { + return (name: string) => + (state.providers || []).find((provider) => provider.name === name); + }), +} satisfies StoreModel; + +export const store = createStore(model, { + injections, + devTools: process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production", +}); const typedHooks = createTypedHooks(); diff --git a/client/src/state/types.ts b/client/src/state/types.ts index 21883af2..35e23f67 100644 --- a/client/src/state/types.ts +++ b/client/src/state/types.ts @@ -1,26 +1,5 @@ import * as z from "zod"; -export type Criteria = { - inclusion_criteria: string[]; - exclusion_criteria: string[]; -}; - -type FewShotPreferences = { - inc_seed_papers: string[]; - exc_seed_papers: string[]; -}; - -type ProjectPreferences = { - few_shot?: FewShotPreferences; -}; - -export type Project = { - uuid: string; - name: string; - criteria: Criteria; - preferences: ProjectPreferences | null; -}; - export type FetchedFile = { uuid: string; project_uuid: string; @@ -56,7 +35,7 @@ export type FewShotPromptingConfig = { export const createFewShotPromptingConfig = ( include_seeds: string[], exclude_seeds: string[], - remember_selection = true + remember_selection = true, ): FewShotPromptingConfig => ({ screening_type: JobPromptingType.FEW_SHOT, seed_paper_exc: exclude_seeds, diff --git a/client/src/state/types/project.ts b/client/src/state/types/project.ts new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dd2a5483 --- /dev/null +++ b/client/src/state/types/project.ts @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +import z from "zod"; + +export const CriteriaModel = z.object({ + inclusion_criteria: z.array(z.string()), + exclusion_criteria: z.array(z.string()), +}); + +export type Criteria = z.infer; + +export const FewShotPreferencesModel = z.object({ + inc_seed_papers: z.array(z.string()), + exc_seed_papers: z.array(z.string()), +}); + +export type FewShotPreferences = z.infer; + +export const ProjectPreferences = z.object({ + few_shot: FewShotPreferencesModel.optional(), +}); + +export type ProjectPreferences = z.infer; + +export const ProjectModel = z.object({ + uuid: z.string(), + name: z.string(), + criteria: CriteriaModel, + preferences: ProjectPreferences.nullable(), +}); + +export const CreatedProjectModel = z.object({ + id: z.number(), + uuid: z.string(), +}); + +export const DeletedProjectModel = z.object({ + detail: z.string(), +}); + +export type Project = z.infer; +export type CreatedProject = z.infer; +export type DeletedProject = z.infer; diff --git a/client/vitest.browser.config.ts b/client/vitest.browser.config.ts new file mode 100644 index 00000000..41a5593e --- /dev/null +++ b/client/vitest.browser.config.ts @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config' +import { playwright } from '@vitest/browser-playwright' +import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react' + +export default defineConfig({ + plugins: [react()], + test: { + browser: { + enabled: true, + provider: playwright(), + // https://vitest.dev/config/browser/playwright + instances: [ + { browser: 'chromium' }, + { browser: 'firefox' }, + { browser: 'webkit' }, + ], + }, + }, +}) diff --git a/client/vitest.config.ts b/client/vitest.config.ts new file mode 100644 index 00000000..52c3df6c --- /dev/null +++ b/client/vitest.config.ts @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +import { configDefaults, defineConfig } from "vitest/config"; +import { playwright } from "@vitest/browser-playwright"; + +export default defineConfig({ + test: { + coverage: { + provider: "v8", + }, + exclude: [...configDefaults.exclude, "e2e/*"], + projects: [ + { + test: { + include: ["src/**/*.test.ts"], + name: "unit", + environment: "node", + setupFiles: ["./vitest.setup.ts"], + }, + }, + { + test: { + include: ["src/**/*.test.tsx"], + name: "browser", + setupFiles: ["./vitest.setup.ts"], + browser: { + enabled: true, + provider: playwright(), + instances: [{ browser: "chromium" }], + headless: true, + screenshotDirectory: "__screenshots__", + }, + }, + }, + ], + }, +}); diff --git a/client/vitest.setup.ts b/client/vitest.setup.ts new file mode 100644 index 00000000..64753b16 --- /dev/null +++ b/client/vitest.setup.ts @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +import { vi } from "vitest"; + +vi.stubEnv("VITE_API_BASE_URL", "http://localhost-vitest"); diff --git a/data/mock/primary_study_data_time_pressure.csv b/data/mock/primary_study_data_time_pressure.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 13719dc2..00000000 --- a/data/mock/primary_study_data_time_pressure.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5456 +0,0 @@ -Secondary study DOI,Primary study Scopus EID,doi,title,abstract,Keywords,Publication venue,Publication date,Publication type,Authors,Ground truth,Reason -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992166190,10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.051,"The effects of time pressure on No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure in software development: An agency model",The authors regret that information on the funding agency was missing from the paper. The work presented in the paper was sponsored by the National Science Centre Poland (grant no. 2013/11/B/HS6/01234). The author would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.,,Personality and Individual Differences,2017-01-01,Erratum,"Chuderski, Adam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, Anniversary Edition, 2/E","Time pressure has been shown to have a negative impact on ethical decision-making. This paper uses an experimental approach to examine the impact of an antecedent of time pressure, whether it is anticipated or not, on participants’ perceptions of unethical behaviour. Utilising 60 business school students at an Australian university, we examine the differential impact of anticipated and unanticipated time deadline pressure on participants’ perceptions of the likelihood of unethical behaviour (i.e. plagiarism) occurring. We find the perception of the likelihood of unethical behaviour occurring to be significantly reduced when time pressure is anticipated rather than unanticipated. The implications of this finding for both professional service organisations and tertiary institutions are considered.",Antecedents | Ethics | Moral intensity | Plagiarism | Time pressure,Journal of Business Ethics,2018-11-01,Article,"Koh, Hwee Ping;Scully, Glennda;Woodliff, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012264014,10.2307/4132321,Using students as subjects—a comparative study of students and professionals in lead-time impact assessment,"The global reach of the Web technological platform, along with the range of services that it supports, makes it a powerful business resource. However, realization of operational and strategic benefits is contingent on effective assimilation of this type III IS innovation. This paper draws upon institutional theory and the conceptual lens of structuring and metastructuring actions to explain the importance of three factors - top management championship, strategic investment rationale, and extent of coordination - in achieving higher levels of Web assimilation within an organization. Survey data are utilized to test a nomological network of relationships among these factors and the extent of organizational assimilation of Web technologies.",Innovation assimilation | IT management | Metastructuring actions | Structuring actions | Web implementation | Web technology,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2002-01-01,Article,"Chatterjee, Debabroto;Grewal, Rajdeep;Sambamurthy, V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992816461,10.1177/0267323106066659,"The effects of"" pair-pressure"" and"" pair-learning"" on software engineering education",,,European Journal of Communication,2006-01-01,Review,"Maluf, Ramez",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845974935,10.2307/25148740,Software engineering: a practitioner's approach,"A frequent characterization of open source software is the somewhat outdated, mythical one of a collective of supremely talented software hackers freely volunteering their services to produce uniformly high-quality software. I contend that the open source software phenomenon has metamorphosed into a more mainstream and commercially viable form, which I label as OSS 2.0. I illustrate this transformation using a framework of process and product factors, and discuss how the bazaar metaphor, which up to now has been associated with the open source development process, has actually shifted to become a metaphor better suited to the OSS 2.0 product delivery and support process. Overall the OSS 2.0 phenomenon is significantly different from its free software antecedent. Its emergence accentuates the fundamental alteration of the basic ground rules in the software landscape, signifying the end of the proprietary-driven model that has prevailed for the past 20 years or so. Thus, a clear understanding of the characteristics of the emergent OSS 2.0 phenomenon is required to address key challenges for research and practice.",Free software | IS development | Open source software,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Fitzgerald, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939427933,10.1007/s10902-015-9670-4,Software aging,"We propose that emotional well-being in everyday life is partially related to the balance of positive and negative affect associated with everyday routine activities. Factors that interfere with positive affect associated with such activities would therefore have negative impacts on emotional well-being. Supporting that time pressure is one such factor, we find in Study 1 for a representative sample of Swedish employees (n = 1507) answering a survey questionnaire that emotional well-being has a negative relationship to time pressure. In Study 2 we test the hypothesis that the negative effect of time pressure on emotional well-being is jointly mediated by impediment to goal progress and time stress. In another survey questionnaire a sample of Swedish employees (n = 240) answered retrospective questions about emotional well-being at work and off work, experienced impediment to goal progress, experienced time pressure, and stress-related symptoms. Statistical mediation analyses supported the proposed hypothesis.",Emotional well-being | Goal progress | Time pressure | Time stress,Journal of Happiness Studies,2016-10-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Gamble, Amelie;Fors, Filip;Hjerm, Mikael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4444374135,10.2307/30036537,Principles of software engineering management,"To date, most research on information technology (IT) outsourcing concludes that firms decide to outsource IT services because they believe that outside vendors possess production cost advantages. Yet it is not clear whether vendors can provide production cost advantages, particularly to large firms who may be able to replicate vendors' production cost advantages in-house. Mixed outsourcing success in the past decade calls for a closer examination of the IT outsourcing vendor's value proposition. While the client's sourcing decisions and the client-vendor relationship have been examined in IT outsourcing literature, the vendor's perspective has hardly been explored. In this paper, we conduct a close examination of vendor strategy and practices in one long-term successful applications management outsourcing engagement. Our analysis indicates that the vendor's efficiency was based on the economic benefits derived from the ability to develop a complementary set of core competencies. This ability, in turn, was based on the centralization of decision rights from a variety and multitude of IT projects controlled by the vendor. The vendor was enticed to share the value with the client through formal and informal relationship management structures. We use the economic concept of complementarity in organizational design, along with prior findings from studies of client-vendor relationships, to explain the IT vendors' value proposition. We further explain how vendors can offer benefits that cannot be readily replicated internally by client firms.",Case study | Complementarity in organizational design | IS core competencies | IS project management | IS staffing issues | Management of computing and IS | Outsourcing of IS | Systems maintenance,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2003-01-01,Article,"Levina, Natalia;Ross, Jeanne W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745021689,10.2307/25148732,"Embedded software: Facts, figures, and future","The emerging work on understanding open source software has questioned what leads to effectiveness in OSS development teams in the absence of formal controls, and it has pointed to the importance of ideology. This paper develops a framework of the OSS community ideology (including specific norms, beliefs, and values) and a theoretical model to show how adherence to components of the ideology impacts effectiveness in OSS teams. The model is based on the idea that the tenets of the OSS ideology motivate behaviors that enhance cognitive trust and communication quality and encourage identification with the project team, which enhances affective trust. Trust and communication in turn impact OSS team effectiveness. The research considers two kinds of effectiveness in OSS teams: the attraction and retention of developer input and the generation of project outputs. Hypotheses regarding antecedents to each are developed. Hypotheses are tested using survey and objective data on OSS projects. Results support the main thesis that OSS team members' adherence to the tenets of the OSS community ideology impacts OSS team effectiveness and reveal that different components impact effectiveness in different ways. Of particular interest is the finding that adherence to some ideological components was beneficial to the effectiveness of the team in terms of attracting and retaining input, but detrimental to the output of the team. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.",Communication | Ideology | Open source software | Trust | Virtual teams,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Stewart, Katherine J.;Gosain, Sanjay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981167222,10.1007/s10450-016-9801-1,"Software effort, No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure, and cycle time: A study of CMM level 5 projects","A simple, semi-empirical, generalized expression was developed for the LDF mass transfer coefficient k as a function of the half cycle time θc that encompasses and transitions between the well-known regions governed by the long cycle time constant Glueckauf k and the short cycle time dependent k. This new expression can be used to estimate k = f(θc) for any system, irrespective of the loading and irrespective of θc, no matter if k is in the cycle time dependent region or not. A three times wider transition region between the Glueckauf k and the cycle time dependent k was also established, with the Glueckauf LDF limit now valid for θc > 0.3 and the short cycle time limit now valid for θc < 0.01. When evaluating this region for several adsorbate-adsorbent systems, the minimum Glueckauf θc spanned three orders of magnitude from thousands of seconds to just a few seconds, indicating a cycle time dependent k is not necessarily limited to what is normally considered a short cycle time. For virtually any θc less than this minimum Glueckauf θc, this new first-of-its-kind expression can be used to readily provide an accurate value of k = f(θc). Since the widely accepted half cycle time concept does not apply to the actual simulation of a multi-step, unequal step time, pressure swing adsorption process, the value of k = f(θc) from this new expression can be based on either the shortest cycle step in the cycle or a different value of k = f(θc) for each cycle step time in the cycle, with validity confirmed either by experiment or by process simulation using the exact solution to the pore diffusion equation.",Glueckauf LDF | Macropore diffusion | Micropore diffusion | Rapid pressure swing adsorption | Short cycle time PSA,Adsorption,2016-10-01,Article,"Hossain, Mohammad I.;Ebner, Armin D.;Ritter, James A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247368163,10.1037/h0073415,Software engineering: principles and practice,"Studied the relation of strength of stimulus, to rapidity of learning in 18 kittens. The kittens had to discriminate between the light-dark boxes. The experiment box was divided into a nest box, an entrance chamber and 2 electric boxes. The electric boxes were placed in the circuit of a constant electric current. The kittens received electric shock in these boxes. The results indicate that: (1) it took less number of trials to perfect a correct habit with a strong stimulus than with a medium stimulus, under conditions of learning of varying difficulty (2) the relation of the painfulness of the electric stimulus to the rapidity of habit formation depended upon the difficulty of the visual discrimination, and (3) the discrimination was difficult to make when the difference between the unpleasant and the very unpleasant stimuli was not marked. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1915 American Psychological Association.",Cats | Infants (animal) | Learning | Stimulus strength,Journal of Animal Behavior,1915-07-01,Article,"Dodson, J. D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80054778228,10.1109/ENABL.2003.1231428,Requirements engineering and agile software development,This article compares traditional requirements engineering approaches and agile software development. Our paper analyzes commonalities and differences of both approaches and determines possible ways how agile software development can benefit from requirements engineering methods.,Collaboration | Collaborative software | Collaborative work | Context modeling | Customer satisfaction | Documentation | Knowledge engineering | Programming | Software engineering | System analysis and design,"Proceedings of the Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, WETICE",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paetsch, F.;Eberlein, A.;Maurer, F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024547210,10.1037/0033-295X.96.1.84,"Software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure and agile methods","From W. B. Cannon's identification of adrenaline with ""fight or flight"" to modern views of stress, negative views of peripheral physiological arousal predominate. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is associated with anxiety, neuroticism, the Type A personality, cardiovascular disease, and immune system suppression; illness susceptibility is associated with life events requiring adjustments. ""Stress control"" has become almost synonymous with arousal reduction. A contrary positive view of peripheral arousal follows from studies of subjects exposed to intermittent stressors. Such exposure leads to low SNS arousal base rates, but to strong and responsive challenge- or stress-induced SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal, with resistance to brain catecholamine depletion and with suppression of pituitary adrenal-cortical responses. That pattern of arousal defines physiological toughness and, in interaction with psychological coping, corresponds with positive performance in even complex tasks, with emotional stability, and with immune system enhancement. The toughness concept suggests an opposition between effective short- and long-term coping, with implications for effective therapies and stress-inoculating life-styles.",,Psychological Review,1989-01-01,Article,"Dienstbier, Richard A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84983758371,10.1016/j.ergon.2016.08.003,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"Although non-fatal injuries remain a frequent occurrence in Rail work, very few studies have attempted to identify the perceived factors contributing to accident risk using qualitative research methods. This paper presents the results from a thematic analysis of ten interviews with On Track Machine (OTM) operatives. The inductive methodological approach generated five themes, of which two are discussed here in detail, ‘Pressure and fatigue’, and ‘Decision making and errors’. It is concluded that for companies committed to proactive accident risk reduction, irrespective of current injury rates, the collection and analysis of worker narratives and broader psychological data across safety-critical job roles may prove beneficial.",Accident risk | Contributory factors | Errors | Fatigue | Mistakes | Rail | Safety II | Time pressure | Track maintenance | Violations,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016-09-01,Article,"Morgan, James I.;Abbott, Rachel;Furness, Penny;Ramsay, Judith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029254270,10.1109/2.348001,A plea for lean software,"Software's girth has surpassed its functionality, largely because hardware advances make this possible. The way to streamline software lies in disciplined methodologies and a return to the essentials. © 1995 IEEE",,Computer,1995-01-01,Article,"Wirth, Niklaus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017056744,10.1080/0097840X.1976.9936068,A practical approach of teaching software engineering,"A research project is outlined in which concepts and methods from social psychology and psychophysiology are integrated in the study of human adaptation to underload and overload related to technically advanced work processes. Attempts are made to identify aversive factors in the work process by studying acute stress reactions, e.g., catecholamine excretion, in the course of work and relating these to long-term, negative effects on well-being, job satisfaction and health. Data from a pilot study of sawmill workers support the view that machine-paced work characterized by a short work cycle and lack of control over the work process constitutes a threat to health and well-being. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Adaptation | Arousal | Catecholamine excretion | In dustrial work | Job satisfaction | Job stress | Workers’ health,Journal of Human Stress,1976-01-01,Article,"Frankenhaeuser, Marianne;Gardell, Bertil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0003167359,10.2307/249336,"Effects of process maturity on No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure, cycle time, and effort in software product development","The high development and maintenance costs, and the late delivery experienced by many organizations when developing large software systems is well documented. Modern software practices have evolved to overcome many of the technical difficulties associated with software development. To a large extent, however, the high costs and schedule slippages can be traced to management, not technical, deficiencies. This article develops an approach for managing the software development effort that exploits the benefits of modern software practices in staffing, planning, and controlling software development.",Life cycle | Project management | Software development | Software engineering,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1980-01-01,Article,"Zmud, Robert W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023383914,10.1109/TSE.1987.233496,Software engineering decision support–a new paradigm for learning software organizations,"Current time-sensitive cost models suggest a significant impact on project effort if elapsed time compression or expansion is implemented. This paper reports an empirical study into the applicability of these models in the management information systems environment. It is found that elapsed time variation does not consistently affect project effort. This result is analyzed in terms of the theory supporting such a relationship, and an alternate relationship is suggested. Copyright © 1987 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost models | productivity | putnam model | software Project management | transformation of variables,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1987-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. Ross",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017995509,10.1109/TSE.1978.231521,The push to make software engineering respectable,"Application software development has been an area of organizational effort that has not been amenable to the normal managerial and cost controls. Instances of actual costs of several times the initial budgeted cost, and a time to initial operational capability sometimes twice as long as planned are more often the case than not. A macromethodology to support management needs has now been developed that will produce accurate estimates of manpower, costs, and times to reach critical milestones of software projects. There are four parameters in the basic system and these are in terms managers are comfortable working with-effort, development time, elapsed time, and a state-of-technology parameter. The system provides managers sufficient information to assess the financial risk and investment value of a new software development project before it is undertaken and provides techniques to update estimates from the actual data stream once the project is underway. Using the technique developed in the paper, adequate analysis for decisions can be made in an hour or two using only a few quick reference tables and a scientific pocket calculator. Copyright © 1978 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Application software estimating | quantitative software life-cycle management | sizing and scheduling large scale software projects | software life-cycle costing | software sizing,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1978-01-01,Article,"Putnam, Lawrence H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84989285201,10.1037/law0000095,Simulation in software engineering training,"The overwhelming majority of criminal cases are resolved by a guilty plea. Concerns have been raised about the potential for plea bargaining to be coercive, but little is known about the actual choices faced by defendants who plead guilty. Through interviews of youth and adults who pleaded guilty to felonies in New York City, we found that substantial discounts were offered to participants in exchange for their guilty pleas and that a sizable portion of both the youth and adults claimed either that they were completely innocent (27% and 19%, respectively) or that they were not guilty of what they were charged with (20% and 41%, respectively). Participants also reported infrequent contact with their attorneys prior to accepting their plea deals and very short time periods in which to make their decisions. Our findings suggest the plea-bargaining system in New York City may be fraught with promises of leniency, time pressures, and insufficient attorney advisement-factors that may undermine the voluntariness of plea deal decisions for some defendants.",Innocence | Juvenile offenders | Plea deals | Plea discount | Trial penalty,"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law",2016-08-01,Article,"Zottoli, Tina M.;Daftary-Kapur, Tarika;Winters, Georgia M.;Hogan, Conor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84978252372,10.1016/j.trf.2016.06.013,Using differences among replications of software engineering experiments to gain knowledge,"Speeding because of time pressure is a leading contributor to traffic accidents. Previous research indicates that people respond to time pressure through increased physiological activity and by adapting their task strategy in order to mitigate task demands. In the present driving simulator study, we investigated effects of time pressure on measures of eye movement, pupil diameter, cardiovascular and respiratory activity, driving performance, vehicle control, limb movement, head position, and self-reported state. Based on existing theories of human behavior under time pressure, we distinguished three categories of results: (1) driving speed, (2) physiological measures, and (3) driving strategies. Fifty-four participants drove a 6.9-km urban track with overtaking, car following, and intersection scenarios, first with no time pressure (NTP) and subsequently with time pressure (TP) induced by a time constraint and a virtual passenger urging to hurry up. The results showed that under TP in comparison to NTP, participants (1) drove significantly faster, an effect that was also reflected in auxiliary measures such as maximum brake position, throttle activity, and lane keeping precision, (2) exhibited increased physiological activity, such as increased heart rate, increased respiration rate, increased pupil diameter, and reduced blink rate, and (3) adopted scenario-specific strategies for effective task completion, such as driving to the left of the lane during car following, and early visual lookout when approaching intersections. The effects of TP relative to NTP were generally large and statistically significant. However, individual differences in absolute values were large. Hence, we recommend that real-time driver feedback technologies use relative instead of absolute criteria for assessing the driver's state.",Psychophysiology | Simulation | Virtual reality | Workload,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2016-08-01,Article,"Rendon-Velez, E.;van Leeuwen, P. M.;Happee, R.;Horváth, I.;van der Vegte, W. F.;de Winter, J. C.F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84988487390,10.1509/jmr.13.0398,De-motivators for software process improvement: an analysis of practitioners' views,"This research demonstrates the importance of thin slices of information in ad and brand evaluation, with important implications for advertising research and management. Three controlled experiments, two in the behavioral lab and one in the field, with exposure durations ranging from very brief (100 msec) to very long (30 sec), demonstrate that advertising evaluation critically depends on the duration of ad exposure and on how ads convey which product and brand they promote, but in surprising ways. The experiments show that upfront ads, which instantly convey what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief but also after longer exposure durations. Mystery ads, which suspend conveying what they promote, are evaluated negatively after brief but positively after longer exposure durations. False front ads, which initially convey another identity than what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief exposures but negatively after longer exposure durations. Bayesian mediation analysis demonstrates that the feeling of knowing what the ad promotes accounts for these ad-type effects on evaluation.",Ad identification | Advertising | Exposure duration | Thin slice impressions | Time pressure,Journal of Marketing Research,2016-08-01,Article,"Elsen, Millie;Pieters, Rik;Wedel, Michel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-28244472252,10.1109/MS.2005.164,The time famine: Toward a sociology of work time,"Poor release planning decisions can result in unsatisfied customers, missed deadlines, unmet constraints, and little value. The authors investigate the release planning process and propose a hybrid planning approach that integrates the knowledge and experience of human experts (the ""art"" of release planning) with the strength of computational intelligence (the ""science"" of release planning). © 2005 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2005-11-01,Article,"Ruhe, Günther;Saliu, Moshood Omolade",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032223749,10.1080/07421222.1998.11518200,Software engineering: An idea whose time has come and gone?,"One of the major difficulties in controlling software development project cost overruns and schedule delays has been developing practical and accurate software cost models. Software development could be modeled as an economic production process and we therefore propose a theoretical approach to software cost modeling. Specifically, we present the Minimum Software Cost Model (MSCM), derived from economic production theory and systems optimization. The MSCM model is compared with other widely used software cost models, such as COCOMO and SLIM, on the basis of goodness of fit and quality of estimation using software project data sets available in the literature. Judged by both criteria, the MSCM model is comparable to, if not better than, the SLIM, and significantly better than the rest of the models. In addition, the MSCM model provides some insights about the behavior of software development processes and environment, which could be used to formulate guidelines for better software project management polic es and practices.",Economic production theory | Software cost estimation | Software cost models | Software production | Software project management,Journal of Management Information Systems,1998-01-01,Article,"Hu, Qing;Plant, Robert T.;Hertz, David B.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000139307,10.1016/0950-5849(92)90077-3,Embedded software engineering: The state of the practice,"The paper reviews some of the assumptions built into conventional cost models and identifies whether or not there is empirical evidence to support these assumptions. The results indicate that the assumption that there is a nonlinear relationship between size and effort is not supported, but the assumption of a nonlinear relationship between effort and duration is. Second, the assumption that a large number of subjective productivity adjustment factors is necessary is not supported. In addition, it also appears that a large number of size adjustment factors are unnecessary. Third, the assumption that staff experience and/or staff capability are the most significant cost drivers (after allowing for the effect of size) is not supported by the data available to the MERMAID project, but neither can it be confirmed from analysis of the COCOMO data set. Finally, the assumption that compression of schedule decreases productivity was not supported. In fact, none of the models of schedule compression currently included in existing cost models was supported by the data. © 1992.",cost estimation | cost-estimation models | productivity | software cost estimation,Information and Software Technology,1992-01-01,Article,"Kitchenham, BA",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035626767,10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699,Commonality and variability in software engineering,"An agency framework is used to model the behavior of software developers as they weigh concerns about product quality against concerns about missing individual task deadlines. Developers who care about quality but fear the career impact of missed deadlines may take ""shortcuts."" Managers sometimes attempt to reduce this risk via their deadline-setting policies; a common method involves adding slack to best estimates when setting deadlines to partially alleviate the time pressures believed to encourage shortcut-taking. This paper derives a formal relationship between deadline-setting policies and software product quality. It shows that: (1) adding slack does not always preserve quality, thus, systematically adding slack is an incomplete policy for minimizing costs; (2) costs can be minimized by adopting policies that permit estimates of completion dates and deadlines that are different and; (3) contrary to casual intuition, shortcut-taking can be eliminated by setting deadlines aggressively, thereby maintaining or even increasing the time pressures under which developers work.",Agency Theory | Principal-Agent | Software Estimating | Software Measurement | Software Quality,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Challenges in automotive software engineering,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029737850,10.1007/3-540-55963-9_35,A brief history of software engineering,"The rapid pace of software technology places increasing demands on human talent and ability. While improved tools and methods will certainly help, it is also clear they are not sufficient. The challenge for software engineering education is thus to instill the basic disciplines software professionals will need to meet the enormous demands to face them in the future.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1992-01-01,Conference Paper,"Humphrey, Watts S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032050741,10.1287/mnsc.44.4.433,Global software development,"Software maintenance claims a large proportion of organizational resources. It is thought that many maintenance problems derive from inadequate software design and development practices. Poor design choices can result in complex software that is costly to support and difficult to change. However, it is difficult to assess the actual maintenance performance effects of software development practices because their impact is realized over the software life cycle. To estimate the impact of development activities in a more practical time frame, this research develops a two-stage model in which software complexity is a key intermediate variable that links design and development decisions to their downstream effects on software maintenance. The research analyzes data collected from a national mass merchandising retailer on 29 software enhancement projects and 23 software applications in a large IBM COBOL environment. Results indicate that the use of a code generator in development is associated with increased software complexity and software enhancement project effort. The use of packaged software is associated with decreased software complexity and software enhancement effort. These results suggest an important link between software development practices and maintenance performance.",Management of Computing and Information Systems | Software Complexity | Software Economics | Software Maintenance | Software Metrics | Software Productivity | Software Quality,Management Science,1998-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Davis, Gordon B.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249089799,10.2307/249206,Challenges and recommendations when increasing the realism of controlled software engineering experiments,"Software quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the successful development and maintenance of software systems. Because the QA activity adds significantly to the cost of developing software, the cost-effectiveness of QA has been a pressing concern to software quality managers. As of yet, though, this concern has not been adequately addressed in the literature. The objective of this article is to investigate the tradeoffs between the economic benefits and costs of QA. A comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process was developed that serves as an experimentation vehicle for QA policy. One such experiment, involving a NASA software project, is discussed in detail. In this experiment, the level of QA expenditure was found to have a significant impact on the project's total cost. The model was also used to identify the optimal QA expenditure level and its distribution throughout the project's lifecycle.",Software cost | Software project management | Software quality assurance | System dynamics,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024611582,10.1109/32.21738,Using simulation to analyse the impact of software requirement volatility on project performance,"People issues have gained recognition, in recent years, as being at the core of effective software project management. In this paper we focus on the dynamics of software project staffing throughout the software development lifecycles. Our research vehicle is a comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process. A detailed discussion of the model's structure as well as its behavior is provided. The results of a case study in which the model is used to simulate the staffing practices of an actual software project is then presented. The experiment produces some interesting insights into the policies (both explicit and implicit) for managing the human resource, and their impact on project behavior. The decision-support capability of the model to answer what-if questions is also demonstrated. In particular, the model is used to test the degree of interchangeability of men and months on the particular software project. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Note,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,The future of empirical methods in software engineering research,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,A requirements engineering methodology for real-time processing requirements,"Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973661060,10.1108/IJM-04-2014-0106,A maturity model for the implementation of software process improvement: an empirical study,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how job demands and control contribute to the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on data for Belgian young workers up to the age of 26. The authors execute regression analyses, with autonomy, quantitative demands and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The authors account for unobserved individual heterogeneity by means of panel-data techniques. Findings – The results reveal a significant role of demands and control for the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. At career start, overeducated workers have less control than adequately educated individuals with similar skills levels, but more control than adequately educated employees doing similar work. Moreover, their control increases faster over the career than that of adequately educated workers with a similar educational background. Finally, demands have less adverse effects on satisfaction for high-skilled workers, irrespective of their match, while control moderates the negative satisfaction effect of overeducation. Research limitations/implications – Future research should look beyond the early career and focus on other potential compensation mechanisms for overeducation. Also the role of underlying mechanisms, such as job crafting, deserves more attention. Practical implications – The results suggest that providing more autonomy is an effective strategy to avoid job dissatisfaction among overeducated workers. Originality/value – The study connects two areas of research, namely, that on overeducation and its consequences and that on the role of job demands and control for workers’ well-being. The results contribute to a better understanding why overeducation persists. Moreover, they are consistent with the hypothesis that employers hire overeducated workers because they require less monitoring and are more able to cope with demands, although more direct evidence on this is needed.",Autonomy | Job demands-control model | Job satisfaction | Mismatch | Overqualification | Subjective well-being | Time pressure | Underemployment,International Journal of Manpower,2016-06-06,Article,"Verhaest, Dieter;Verhofstadt, Elsy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973333841,10.1038/srep27219,"What works for whom, where, when, and why? On the role of context in empirical software engineering","Previous experimental studies suggest that cooperation in one-shot anonymous interactions is, on average, spontaneous, rather than calculative. To explain this finding, it has been proposed that people internalize cooperative heuristics in their everyday life and bring them as intuitive strategies in new and atypical situations. Yet, these studies have important limitations, as they promote intuitive responses using weak time pressure or conceptual priming of intuition. Since these manipulations do not deplete participants' ability to reason completely, it remains unclear whether cooperative heuristics are really automatic or they emerge after a small, but positive, amount of deliberation. Consistent with the latter hypothesis, we report two experiments demonstrating that spontaneous reactions in one-shot anonymous interactions tend to be egoistic. In doing so, our findings shed further light on the cognitive underpinnings of cooperation, as they suggest that cooperation in one-shot interactions is not automatic, but appears only at later stages of reasoning.",,Scientific Reports,2016-06-02,Article,"Capraro, Valerio;Cococcioni, Giorgia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986097866,10.1108/09593849810204503,Packaged software development teams: what makes them different?,"Discusses the characteristics of packaged software versus information systems (IS) development environments that capture the differences between the teams that develop software in these respective industries. The analysis spans four levels: the industry, the dynamics of software development, the cultural milieu, and the teams themselves. Finds that, relative to IS: the packaged software industry is characterized by intense time pressures, less attention to costs, and different measures of success; the packaged software development environment is characterized by being a “line” rather than “staff” unit, having a greater distance from the actual users/customers, a less mature development process; the packaged software cultural milieu is characterized as individualistic and entrepreneurial; the packaged software team is characterized as less likely to be matrix managed and being smaller, more co-located, with a greater shared vision. © 1998, MCB UP Limited",Corporate culture | Product differentiation | Software development | Teams,Information Technology & People,1998-03-01,Article,"Carmel, Erran;Sawyer, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927582170,10.1002/tesq.232,"How Internet software companies negotiate No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure","Studies have shown that learners' task performance improves when they have the opportunity to repeat the task. Conditions for task repetition vary, however. In the 4/3/2 activity, learners repeat a monologue under increasing time pressure. The purpose is to foster fluency, but it has been suggested in the literature that it also benefits other performance aspects, such as syntactic complexity and accuracy. The present study examines the plausibility of that suggestion. Twenty Vietnamese EFL students were asked to give the same talk three times, with or without increasing time pressure. Fluency was enhanced most markedly in the shrinking-time condition, but no significant changes regarding complexity or accuracy were attested in that condition. Although the increase in fluency was less pronounced in the constant-time condition, this increase coincided with modest gains in complexity and accuracy. The learners, especially those in the time-pressured condition, resorted to a high amount of verbatim duplication from one delivery of their narratives to the next, which explains why relatively few changes were attested in performance aspects other than fluency. The findings suggest that, if teachers wish to implement repeated-narrative activities in order to enhance output qualities beyond fluency, the 4/3/2 implementation is not the most judicious choice, and opportunities for language adjustment need to be incorporated early in the task sequence.",,TESOL Quarterly,2016-06-01,Article,"Thai, Chau;Boers, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021069047,10.1017/S1041610216000028,Scrum development process,,,Travail Humain,1983-01-01,Article,"Hoc, J. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020884710,,Software engineering for real-time systems,,,Advances in Instrumentation,1983-12-01,Conference Paper,"Morrow, Ira;Robinson, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0004930425,10.1037/h0043340,Murphy loves potatoes: Experiences from a pilot sensor network deployment in precision agriculture,"""A test of the hypothesis that an inverted-U relationship exists between the level of arousal and performance level was made by comparing the performance of 31 Ss on an auditory tracking task under different conditions of incentive . . . the data of this study give strong support to the hypothesis. The hypothesis held regardless of whether palmar conductance level or the EMG response of any one of four different muscle groups was used as the criterion of arousal."" (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1957 American Psychological Association.","INCENTIVE, & PERFORMANCE | RECEPTIVE AND PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES | TRACKING, AUDITORY, LEVEL, & INCENTIVE",Journal of Experimental Psychology,1957-07-01,Article,"Stennett, Richard G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149421997,10.1037/h0039547,Breaking the ice for agile development of embedded software: An industry experience report,"In an effort to relate skin resistance to recall scores, two experiments, the second a replication of the first, presented male Ss with 30 pairs of meaningful words. There were 18 Ss in Exp. I and 32 in Exp. II. Each pair of words was presented once for 10 sec., with an interval of 10 sec. between pairs. Following this, there was a 6-min. delay before the reordered left-hand items were presented, 10 sec. at a time. The S was initially instructed to give as many of the right-hand items as he could remember, guessing if he wished. Skin resistance was continuously recorded throughout the experimental session and later converted to log conductance. The data from Exp. I suggested that moderate levels of skin conductance in the first minute of the learning session were related to better recall. This relation was substantiated at a highly significant level (P < .01) in Exp. II. It was also found that moderate levels of conductance in the first minute of the recall period were optimal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1962 American Psychological Association.",skin conductance | skin resistance | verbal recall,Journal of Experimental Psychology,1962-03-01,Article,"Berry, R. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84958046386,10.1016/j.apergo.2015.11.018,Designing and Engineering Time: The Psychology of Time Perception in Software (Adobe Reader),"This study investigated both causal factors and consequences of time pressure in hospital-in-the-home (HITH) nurses. These nurses may experience additional stress from the time pressure they encounter while driving to patients' homes, which may result in greater risk taking while driving. From observation in natural settings, data related to the nurses' driving behaviours and emotions were collected and analysed statistically; semi-directed interviews with the nurses were analysed qualitatively. The results suggest that objective time constraints alone do not necessarily elicit subjective time pressure. The challenges and uncertainty associated with healthcare and the driving period contribute to the emergence of this time pressure, which has a negative impact on both the nurses' driving and their emotions. Finally, the study focuses on anticipated and in situ regulations. These findings provide guidelines for organizational and technical solutions allowing the reduction of time pressure among HITH nurses.",Driving | Nurses | Time pressure,Applied Ergonomics,2016-05-01,Article,"Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Forrierre, Justine;Naveteur, Janick;Dubreucq, Catherine;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-11144316650,10.1111/j.0965-075X.2004.00293.x,Software engineering for real-time: A roadmap,,,International Journal of Selection and Assessment,2004-01-01,Review,"Anderson, Neil;Sinangil, Handan Kepir;Viswesvaran, Chockalingam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017618783,10.1080/0097840X.1977.9936080,Software engineering for robotics [From the Guest Editors],"The performance of 25 subjects in three reaction tasks of different complexity was compared at different activation levels induced by five different work loads on a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate and blood pressure were used as indexes of activation. The results were in agreement with the Yerkes-Dodson law in that the optimal physiological activation level for rapid performance varied with the degree of task difficulty, relatively lower activation being more favorable the more difficult the task. © 1977 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Journal of Human Stress,1977-01-01,Article,"Sjöberg, Hans",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85175815192,10.1080/23311886.2023.2278209,Models@ run. time,"Cyberloafing refers to the act of using the internet for personal purposes, such as browsing social media or engaging in non-work-related online activities, while pretending to be engaged in work. While it is often seen as a form of procrastination or a way to escape from work-related tasks, it can also serve as a way for individuals to cope with emotions or alleviate stress. Based on the mediational model of stress, this study proposes that cyberloafing may mediate the impact of work stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload) on job-related strain which in this case is employees’ emotional exhaustion, and then emotional exhaustion will influence work outcomes. Subsequently, the responses to a survey by 299 employees from Malaysian public-listed organisations were gathered, while the structural equation modelling through partial least squares (PLS) was utilised to test the hypotheses of the direct and mediating effect. As a result, it was found that some work stressors might lead to cyberloafing among employees, while emotional exhaustion was found to influence job satisfaction and work efficiency. Additionally, the findings highlighted the underlying factor of the relation between cyberloafing among employees and different forms of cyberloafing. However, no support was found regarding the serial mediation effect of cyberloafing between work stressors and emotional exhaustion.",coping | cyberloafing | emotional exhaustion | mediational model of stress | role ambiguity | role conflict | role overload,Cogent Social Sciences,2023-01-01,Article,"Jamaluddin, Hasmida;Ahmad, Zauwiyah;Wei, Liew Tze",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84971454015,10.1109/icse.1992.753485,High-pressure steam engines and computer software,"We experimentally explore the effects of time limitation on decision making. Under different time allowance conditions, subjects are presented with a queueing situation and asked to join one of the two given queues. The results can be grouped under two main categories. The first one concerns the factors driving decisions in a queueing system. Only some subjects behave consistently with rationality principles and use the relevant information efficiently. The rest of the subjects seem to adopt a simpler strategy that does not incorporate some information into their decision. The second category is related to the effects of time limitation on decision performance. A substantial proportion of the population is not affected by time limitations and shows consistent behavior throughout the treatments. On the other hand, some subjects’ performance is impaired by time limitations. More importantly, this impairment is not due to the stringency of the limitation but rather to being exposed to a time constraint.",Decision times | Experimentation | Join the shortest queue | Time pressure,Judgment and Decision Making,2016-05-01,Article,"Conte, Anna;Scarsini, Marco;Sürücü, Oktay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985905187,10.1166/asl.2016.6699,The role of non-exact replications in software engineering experiments,"In the present study, the researchers investigated contributing factors toward the presenteeism among academicians at public universities in Malaysia. This study was conducted in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Respondents consisted of 194 academicians from three selected public universities. The respondents were randomly selected and the data were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics showed that majority respondents were female (61.3%) academicians with aged range of 30–39 years (33.5%). Most of them were married (70.6%) and work as permanent staff (65%) of the public universities. However, the highest percentage of the respondents in job tenure was three (3) years (35.1%). Most respondents held master degree qualification (62.9%). In correlational analysis, the study found that there was a significant positive relationship between work-related contributing factors and the frequency of presenteeism in public universities. Academicians with high level of job demand were found to have high tendency and were more inclined towards attending at work while ill. In conclusion, the frequency of presenteeism could be reduced if the health status were improved. An improvement should be made for future study in investigating the organizational behavior relating to presenteeism.",Health status | Job demand | Job security | Presenteeism | Replaceability | Time pressure,Advanced Science Letters,2016-05-01,Article,"Maon, Siti Noorsuriani;Mansor, Mohamad Naqiuddin Md;Som, Rohana Mat;Ahmad, Mumtaz;Shakri, Siti Aishah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954547424,10.1016/j.joep.2015.12.002,Splitting the organization and integrating the code: Conway's law revisited,"We investigate whether and how time pressure affects performance. We conducted a field experiment in which students from an Italian University are proposed to choose between two exam schemes: a standard scheme without time pressure and an alternative scheme consisting of two written intermediate tests, one of which to be taken under time pressure. Students deciding to sustain the alternative exam are randomly assigned to a ""time pressure"" and a ""no time pressure"" group. Students performing under time pressure at the first test perform in absence of time pressure at the second test and vice versa. We find that being exposed to time pressure exerts a negative and statistically significant impact on students' performance. The effect is driven by a strong negative impact on females' performance, while there is no statistically significant effect on males. Both the quantity and quality of females' work is hampered by time pressure. Using data on students' expectations, we also find that the effect produced by time pressure on performance was correctly perceived by students. Female students expect a lower grade when working under time pressure, while males do not. These findings contribute to explain why women tend to shy away from jobs and careers involving time pressure.",Cognitive ability | Human sex differences | Time management | Time pressure,Journal of Economic Psychology,2016-04-01,Article,"De Paola, Maria;Gioia, Francesca",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870885674,10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705,A case study in root cause defect analysis,"The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. The external validity and practical significance of goal-setting theory are explained, and new directions in goal-setting research are discussed. The relationships of goal setting to other theories are described as are the theory's limitations.",,American Psychologist,2002-01-01,Article,"Locke, Edwin A.;Latham, Gary P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954312835,10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.028,A study of effective regression testing in practice,"This paper reports on the results of a drivers' survey regarding the effects of speed cameras for speed enforcement in Israel. The survey was part of a larger study that accompanied the introduction of digital speed cameras. Speed camera deployment started in 2011, and till the end of 2013 twenty-one cameras were deployed in interurban road sections. Yearly surveys were taken between 2010 and 2013 in 9 gas stations near speed camera installation sites in order to capture drivers' opinions about speed and enforcement. Overall, 1993 drivers were interviewed. In terms of admitted speed behavior, 38% of the drivers in 2010, 21% in 2011, 13% in 2012 and 11% in 2013 reported that their driving speed was above the perceived posted speed limit. The proportion of drivers indicating some speed camera influence on driving decreased over the years. In addition, the majority of drivers (61%) predicted positive impact of speed cameras on safety. This result did not change significantly over the years. The main stated explanation for speed limit violations was time pressure, while the main stated explanation for respecting the posted speed was enforcement, rather than safety concerns. Linear regression and sigmoidal models were applied to describe the linkage between the reported driving speed (dependent) and the perceived posted speed (independent). The sigmoidal model fitted the data better, especially at high levels of the perceived posted speeds. That is, although the perceived posted speed increased, at some point the actual driving speed levels off (asymptote) and did not increase. Moreover, we found that the upper asymptote of the sigmoidal model decreased over the years: from 113.22 (SE = 18.84) km/h in 2010 to 88.92 (SE = 1.55) km/h in 2013. A wide variance in perceived speed limits suggest that drivers may not know what the speed limits really are.",Driver views | Enforcement | Speed,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2016-04-01,Article,"Schechtman, Edna;Bar-Gera, Hillel;Musicant, Oren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026207547,10.1287/mnsc.37.8.990,Toward an assessment of software development risk,"Critical path models concerning project management (i.e. PERT/CPM) fail to account for work force behavioral effects on the expected project completion time. In this paper, we provide a modelling framework for project management activities, that ultimately accounts for expected worker behavior under Parkinson's Law. A stochastic activity completion time model is used to formally state Parkinson's Law. The developed model helps to examine the effects of information release policies on subcontractors of project activities, and to develop managerial policies for setting appropriate deadlines for series or parallel project activities.",,Management Science,1991-01-01,Article,"Gutierrez, Genaro J.;Kouvelis, Panagiotis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001170705,10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.322,User interface design: a software engineering perspective,"Goal setting, participation in decision making, and objective feedback have each been shown to increase productivity. As a combination of these three processes, management by objectives (MBO) also should increase productivity. A meta-analysis of studies supported this prediction: 68 out of 70 studies showed productivity gains, and only 2 studies showed losses. The literature on MBO indicates that various problems have been encountered with implementing MBO programs. One factor was predicted to be essential to success: the level of top-management commitment to MBO. Proper implementation starts from the top and requires both support and participation from top management. Results of the meta-analysis showed that when top-management commitment was high, the average gain in productivity was 56%. When commitment was low, the average gain in productivity was only 6%.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1991-01-01,Article,"Rodgers, Robert;Hunter, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036319465,10.1147/sj.411.0004,"Software debugging, testing, and verification","In commercial software development organizations, increased complexity of products, shortened development cycles, and higher customer expectations of quality have placed a major responsibility on the areas of software debugging, testing, and verification. As this issue of the IBM Systems Journal illustrates, there are exciting improvements in the underlying technology on all three fronts. However, we observe that due to the informal nature of software development as a whole, the prevalent practices in the industry are still immature, even in areas where improved technology exists. In addition, tools that incorporate that more advanced aspects of this technology are not ready for large-scale commercial use. Hence there is reason to hope for significant improvements in this area over the next several years.",,IBM Systems Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Hailpern, Brent;Santhanam, Padmanabhan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974622719,10.1145/2854946.2854976,Software technology in an automotive company: major challenges,"During information search, people often experience time pressure. This might be a result of a deadline, the system's performance or some other event. In this paper, we report results of a study with forty-five participants which investigated how time constraints and system delays impacted the user experience during information search. We randomly assigned half of our study participants to a treatment condition where they were only allowed five minutes per search task (the other half were given no time limits). For half of participants' search tasks, five second delays were introduced after queries were submitted and SERP results were clicked. We used multilevel modeling to evaluate a number of hypotheses about the effects of time constraint, system delays and user experience. We found those in the time constraint condition reported significantly greater time pressure, experienced higher task difficulty, less satisfaction with their performance, increased importance of working fast and engaged in more metacognitive monitoring. We found when experiencing system delays participants reported slower system speeds when encountering delays on the second task. This work opens a new line of inquiry into how time pressure impacts the search experience and how tools and interfaces might be designed to support people who are searching under time pressure. It also presents an example of how multilevel modeling can be used to better understand and model the complex interactions that occur during interactive information retrieval.",Search experience | System delays | Time pressure,CHIIR 2016 - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval,2016-03-13,Conference Paper,"Crescenzi, Anita;Kelly, Diane;Azzopardi, Leif",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249033737,10.1016/0749-5978(87)90020-3,Agile human-centered software engineering,"Two laboratory experiments were conducted. Results of the first experiment revealed that identifiability had no impact on the degree of cognitive loafing when group members were asked to make a decision. Identifiability did have an impact when group members were asked to express an opinion. The second experiment replicated findings of the first experiment and, in addition, indicated that unidentifiable individuals with sole task responsibility loafed more than unidentifiable individuals who shared task responsibility. Cognitive effort was measured through recall of stimulus material. © 1987.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1987-01-01,Article,"Price, Kenneth H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84969592224,10.1109/ICMLA.2015.233,Improving software process improvement,"Inferences about structured patterns in human decision making have been drawn from medium-scale simulated competitions with human subjects. The concepts analyzed in these studies include level-k thinking, satisficing, and other human error tendencies. These concepts can be mapped via a natural depth of search metric into the domain of chess, where copious data is available from hundreds of thousands of games by players of a wide range of precisely known skill levels in real competitions. The games are analyzed by strong chess programs to produce authoritative utility values for move decision options by progressive deepening of search. Our experiments show a significant relationship between the formulations of level-k thinking and the skill level of players. Notably, the players are distinguished solely on moves where they erred - according to the average depth level at which their errors are exposed by the authoritative analysis. Our results also indicate that the decisions are often independent of tail assumptions on higher-order beliefs. Further, we observe changes in this relationship in different contexts, such as minimal versus acute time pressure. We try to relate satisficing to insufficient level of reasoning and answer numerically the question, why do humans blunder?",Blunder | Game theory | Level-k thinking | Satisficing,"Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2015",2016-03-02,Conference Paper,"Biswas, Tamal;Regan, Kenneth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84957842439,10.1111/ijau.12054,Software systems as cities: A controlled experiment,"This study tests the association between time pressure, training activities and dysfunctional auditor behaviour in small audit firms. Based on survey responses from 235 certified auditors working in small audit firms in Sweden, the analysis shows that perceived time pressure is positively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour, while the level of participation in training activities such as workshops and seminars is negatively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour. These findings suggest that audit quality is at risk when auditors experience high levels of time pressure but also that auditors who frequently take part in training activities to a lesser extent engage in dysfunctional auditor behaviour.",Dysfunctional auditor behaviour | Small audit firms | Time pressure | Training activities,International Journal of Auditing,2016-03-01,Article,"Svanström, Tobias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963942493,10.1037/xap0000074,Global software engineering: The future of socio-technical coordination,"Evidence accumulation models transform observed choices and associated response times into psychologically meaningful constructs such as the strength of evidence and the degree of caution. Standard versions of these models were developed for rapid (~1 s) choices about simple stimuli, and have recently been elaborated to some degree to address more complex stimuli and response methods. However, these elaborations can be difficult to use with designs and measurements typically encountered in complex applied settings. We test the applicability of 2 standard accumulation models-the diffusion (Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008) and the linear ballistic accumulation (LBA) (Brown & Heathcote, 2008)-to data from a task representative of many applied situations: the detection of heterogeneous multiattribute targets in a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator task. Despite responses taking more than 2 s and complications added by realistic features, such as a complex target classification rule, interruptions from a simultaneous UAV navigation task, and time pressured choices about several concurrently present potential targets, these models performed well descriptively. They also provided a coherent psychological explanation of the effects of decision uncertainty and workload manipulations. Our results support the wider application of standard evidence accumulation models to applied decision-making settings.",Decision uncertainty | Diffusion model | Linear ballistic accumulator model | Response time | Workload,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,2016-03-01,Article,"Palada, Hector;Neal, Andrew;Vuckovic, Anita;Martin, Russell;Samuels, Kate;Heathcote, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85024241306,10.1145/319382.319385,Evidence-based software engineering for practitioners,,,Communications of the ACM,1999-11-01,Article,"Glass, Robert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85135325284,10.1201/b17461,Limitations of agile software processes,"A Framework for Managing, Measuring, and Predicting Attributes of Software Development Products and ProcessesReflecting the immense progress in the development and use of software metrics in the past decades, Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition provides an up-to-date, accessible, and comprehensive introduction to soft.",,"Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition",2014-01-01,Book,"Fenton, Norman;Bieman, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001195181,10.1016/0950-5849(94)90083-3,Software engineering education: a roadmap,"Researchers and practitioners have found it useful for cost estimation and productivity evaluation purposes to think of software development as an economic production process, whereby inputs, most notably the effort of systems development professionals, are converted into outputs (systems deliverables), often measured as the size of the delivered system. One central issue in developing such models is how to describe the production relationship between the inputs and outputs. In particular, there has been much discussion about the existence of either increasing or decreasing returns to scale. The presence or absence of scale economies at a given size are important to commercial practice in that they influence productivity. A project manager can use this knowledge to scale future projects so as to maximize the productivity of software development effort. The question of whether the software development production process should be modelled with a non-linear model is the subject of some recent controversy. This paper examines the issue of non-linearities through the analysis of 11 datasets using, in addition to standard parametric tests, new statistical tests with the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology. Results of this analysis support the hypothesis of significant non-linearities, and the existence of both economies and diseconomies of scale in software development. © 1994.",data envelopment analysis | function points | productivity measurement | returns to scale | scale economies | software development | software management | software metrics | source lines of code,Information and Software Technology,1994-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Chang, Hsihui;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031373186,10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1709,Value-based software engineering,"Software maintenance is a major concern for organizations. Productivity gains in software maintenance can enable redeployment of Information Systems resources to other activities. Thus, it is important to understand how software maintenance productivity can be improved. In this study, we investigate the relationship between project size and software maintenance productivity. We explore scale economies in software maintenance by examining a number of software enhancement projects at a large financial services organization. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the functional relationship between maintenance inputs and outputs and employ DEA-based statistical tests to evaluate returns to scale for the projects. Our results indicate the presence of significant scale economies in software maintenance, and are robust to a number of sensitivity checks. For our sample of projects, there is the potential to reduce software maintenance costs 36% by batching smaller modification projects into larger planned releases. We conclude by rationalizing why the software managers at our research site do not take advantage of scale economies in software maintenance. Our analysis considers the opportunity costs of delaying projects to batch them into larger size projects as a potential explanation for the managers' behavior.",Data Envelopment Analysis | Management of Computing and Information Systems | Software Economics | Software Engineering | Software Maintenance | Software Productivity,Management Science,1997-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020844328,10.1109/TSE.1983.235271,A view of 20th and 21st century software engineering,"One of the most important problems faced by software developers and users is the prediction of the size of a programming system and its development effort. As an alternative to “size,” one might deal with a measure of the “function” that the software is to perform. Albrecht [1] has developed a methodology to estimate the amount of the “function” the software is to perform, in terms of the data it is to use (absorb) and to generate (produce). The “function” is quantified as “function points,” essentially, a weighted sum of the numbers of “inputs,” “outputs,” master files,” and “inquiries” provided to, or generated by, the software. This paper demonstrates the equivalence between Albrecht’s external input/output data flow representative of a program (the “function points” metric) and Halstead’s [2] “software science” or “software linguistics” model of a program as well as the “soft content” variation of Halstead’s model suggested by Gaffney [7]. Further, the high degree of correlation between “function points” and the eventual “SLOC” (source lines of code) of the program, and between “function points” and the work-effort required to develop the code, is demonstrated. The “function point” measure is thought to be more useful than “SLOC” as a prediction of work effort because “function points” are relatively easily estimated from a statement of basic requirements for a program early in the development cycle. The strong degree of equivalency between “function points” and “SLOC” shown in the paper suggests a two-step work-effort validation procedure, first using “function points” to estimate “SLOC,” and then using “SLOC” to estimate the work-effort. This approach would provide validation of application development work plans and work-effort estimates early in the development cycle. The approach would also more effectively use the existing base of knowledge on producing “SLOC” until a similar base is developed for “function points.” The paper assumes that the reader is familiar with the fundamental theory of “software science” measurements and the practice of validating estimates of work-effort to design and implement software applications (programs). If not, a review of [1] -[3] is suggested. Copyright © 1983 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost estimating | function points | software linguistics | software science | software size estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1983-01-01,Article,"Albrecht, Allan J.;Gaffney, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951801163,10.1177/0007650312465150,Time-sensitive cost models in the commercial MIS environment,"Off-shoring is a business decision increasingly being considered as a strategic option to effect expected cost savings. This exploratory study focuses on the moral recognition of off-shoring using ethical decision making (EDM) embedded within affective events theory (AET). Perceived magnitude of consequences and time pressure are hypothesized as affective event characteristics that lead to decision makers’ empathy responses. Subsequently, cognitive and affective empathy influence the decision makers’ moral recognition. Decision makers’ prior knowledge of off-shoring was also predicted to interact with perceptions of the affective event characteristics to influence cognitive and affective empathy. Findings from a limited sample of human resource management (HRM) professionals suggest that perceptions of magnitude of consequences and cognitive empathy directly relate to moral recognition and that affective empathy partially mediates the relationship between perceptions of the magnitude of consequences and moral recognition. The three-way interaction of the perceptions of magnitude of consequences, time pressure, and prior knowledge of off-shoring was marginally related to cognitive empathy. Interpretations of the findings, validity issues, limitations, future research directions, and management implications are provided.",empathy | magnitude of consequences | moral recognition | off-shoring | time pressure,Business and Society,2016-02-01,Article,"Mencl, Jennifer;May, Douglas R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034205501,10.1287/mnsc.46.6.745.11941,Engineering design: a systematic approach,"We examine the relationship between life-cycle productivity and conformance quality in software products. The effects of product size, personnel capability, software process, usage of tools, and higher front-end investments on productivity and conformance quality were analyzed to derive managerial implications based on primary data collected on commercial software projects from a leading vendor. Our key findings are as follows. First, our results provide evidence for significant increases in life-cycle productivity from improved conformance quality in software products shipped to the customers. Given that the expenditure on computer software has been growing over the last few decades, empirical evidence for cost savings through quality improvement is a significant contribution to the literature. Second, our study identifies several quality drivers in software products. Our findings indicate that higher personnel capability, deployment of resources in initial stages of product development (especially design) and improvements in software development process factors are associated with higher quality products. © 2000 INFORMS.",CMM | Cost of quality | Front-end investments | Softivare process areas | Software quality and life-cycle productivity,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Krishnan, M. S.;Kriebel, C. H.;Kekre, Sunder;Mukhopadhyay, Tridas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746131,10.1287/mnsc.46.4.451.12056,Adopting open source software engineering (OSSE) practices by adopting OSSE tools,"The information technology (IT) industry is characterized by rapid innovation and intense competition. To survive, IT firms must develop high quality software products on time and at low cost. A key issue is whether high levels of quality can be achieved without adversely impacting cycle time and effort. Conventional beliefs hold that processes to improve software quality can be implemented only at the expense of longer cycle times and greater development effort. However, an alternate view is that quality improvement, faster cycle time, and effort reduction can be simultaneously attained by reducing defects and rework. In this study, we empirically investigate the relationship between process maturity, quality, cycle time, and effort for the development of 30 software products by a major IT firm. We find that higher levels of process maturity as assessed by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity ModelTM are associated with higher product quality, but also with increases in development effort. However, our findings indicate that the reductions in cycle time and effort due to improved quality outweigh the increases from achieving higher levels of process maturity. Thus, the net effect of process maturity is reduced cycle time and development effort.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84966365377,10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.075619,Parallelizing bzip2: A case study in multicore software engineering,"This study tests several hypotheses regarding the relationships between time budget pressure, organisational-professional conflict, organisational commitment, and various forms of dysfunctional auditor behaviour. Data were collected from a sample of experienced auditors in Sweden, and the response rate was 21.4%. The results indicate that time budget pressure has an impact on under-reporting of time (URT), but not on reduced audit quality (RAQ) acts. Simultaneously, the organisational-professional conflict in accounting firms exerts an important influence on RAQ acts, but has no effect on URT. Contrary to our expectations, organisational commitment has no impact on RAQ acts or URT. The overall results indicate that aligning accounting firms' ethical cultures with professional values is an effective method to reduce the likelihood that auditors will commit RAQ acts, and that decreased time budget pressure may reduce URT.",Dysfunctional Auditor Behaviour | OPC | Organisational Commitment | Organisational-Professional Conflict | Time Budget Pressure,"International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation",2016-01-01,Article,"Svanberg, Jan;Öhman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,Project work: the organisation of collaborative design and development in software engineering,"The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985034297,10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.156,Software engineering for automotive systems: A roadmap,"The rapid growth of the market for the group purchase website brings opportunity and challenge, to obtain a stable customer base has become a key factor for the development of group purchase website, so we must identify what purchase factors affecting consumer choice. Through the cooperation with a large tourism group purchase platform in China, we obtain 181 days data that includes the purchase of 4898 group purchase products and related variables. Then we do an empirical analysis on the impact of the group purchase product factors, the results showed that the product advertising effect, product discount level, time pressure product page to display will have a significant impact on the amount of purchase products. Our research not only fills on the blank of influence factors of group purchase behavior, but also provides some practical guidance for the development of group purchase platform.",Advertising effect | Network group buying platform | Price information | Purchase quantity | Time pressure,Procedia Computer Science,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Liu, Yanbin;Liu, Wei;Yuan, Ping;Zhang, Zhonggen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986269049,10.1007/978-3-319-41959-6_9,A software chasm: Software engineering and scientific computing,"The process of pilot constantly checking the information given by instruments was examined in this study to detect the effects of time pressure and task difficulty on visual searching. A software was designed to simulate visual detection tasks, in which time pressure and task difficulty were adjusted. Two-factor analysis of variance, simple main effect, and regression analyses were conducted on the accuracy and reaction time obtained. Results showed that both time pressure and task difficulty significantly affected accuracy. Moreover, an interaction was apparent between the two factors. In addition, task difficulty had a significant effect on reaction time, which had a linearly increasing relationship with the number of stimuli. By contrast, the effect of time pressure on reaction time was not so apparent under high reaction accuracy of 90 % or above. In the ergonomic design of a human-machine interface, a good matching between time pressure and task difficulty is key to yield excellent searching performance.",Accuracy | Reaction time | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Visual search,Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing,2017-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fan, Xiaoli;Zhou, Qianxiang;Xie, Fang;Liu, Zhongqi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024753382,10.1109/TSE.1989.559768,Guide to advanced empirical software engineering,"In this paper we reconcile two opposing views regarding the presence of economies or diseconomies of scale In new software development. Our general approach hypothesizes a production function model of software development that allows for both increasing and decreasing returns to scale, and argues that local scale economies or diseconomies depend upon the size of projects. Using eight different data sets, including several reported In previous research on the subject, we provide empirical evidence in support of our hypothesis. Through the use of the nonparametric DEA technique we also show how to identify the most productive scale size that may vary across organizations. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923167387,10.1016/j.ergon.2015.01.010,From origami to software development: A review of studies on judgment-based predictions of performance time.,"Autonomous unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are being utilized at an increasing rate for a number of military applications. The role of a human operator differs from that of a pilot in a manned aircraft, and this new role creates a need for a shift in interface and task design in order to take advantage of the full potential of these systems. This study examined the effects of time pressure and target uncertainty on autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle operator task performance and workload. A 2 × 2 within subjects experiment design was conducted using Multi-Modal Immersive Intelligent Interface for Remote Operation (MIIIRO) software. The primary task was image identification, and secondary tasks consisted of responding to events encountered in typical UAS operations. Time pressure was found to produce a significant difference in subjective workload ratings as well as secondary task performance scores, while target uncertainty was found to produce a significant difference in the primary task performance scores. Interaction effects were also found for primary tasks and two of the secondary tasks. This study has contributed to the knowledge of UAS operation, and the factors which may influence performance and workload within the UAS operator. Performance and workload effects were shown to be elicited by time pressure. Relevance to industry: The research findings from this study will help the UAS community in designing human computer interface and enable appropriate business decisions for staffing and training, to improve system performance and reduce the workload.",Time pressure | Uncertainty | Unmanned aerial vehicles,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016-01-01,Article,"Liu, Dahai;Peterson, Trevor;Vincenzi, Dennis;Doherty, Shawn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974652608,10.1109/MS.2008.1,Agile requirements engineering practices: An empirical study,"Does the use of a matrix tool in a design selection task help novice designers select the objectively best design even when they have seen a fixating design and are working under time pressure? The use of matrix tools in a design selection process can improve the selection decision, help identify shortcomings in the concepts, and indicate potential concept combinations. A quantified score for each concept can be calculated using a selection matrix assuming that the customer weights accurately reflect the importance of each function and the performance of each function is accurately measured. In these circumstances, a selection matrix is able to address and eliminate issues of bias in concept selection. Yet, the application of such tools may only be accomplished in introductory design courses in a superficial manner and may be less effective in practice than they could be. Limited time to apply the matrix tool and exposure to a fixating design example are two factors theorized to reduce the likelihood of using a selection matrix and to completing it properly. This study evaluated the ability of novice designers to overcome bias in a design selection process through the use of a selection matrix when time pressure was present vs. absent and when a fixating design was present vs. absent.",Design | Fixation | Matrix tools | Selection bias | Time pressure,International Journal of Engineering Education,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Krauss, Gordon G.;McConnaughey, James;Frederick, Emma;Mashek, Debra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949293691,10.1016/j.lindif.2015.11.006,Ethical issues in empirical software engineering: the limits of policy,"Dual-process theories distinguish between human reasoning that relies on fast, intuitive processing and reasoning via cognitively demanding, slower analytic processing. Fuzzy-trace theory, in contrast, holds that intuitive processes are at the apex of cognitive development and emphasizes successes of intuitive reasoning. We address the role of intuition by manipulating time pressure in a probabilistic reasoning task. This task can be correctly solved by slow algorithmic processes, but requiring a quick response should encourage the use of fast intuitive processes. Adolescents and undergraduates completed three problems in which they compared a small-numbered ratio (which was always 9-in-10) to a large-numbered ratio that varied: a) 85-in-95 (smaller than 9-in-10); b) 90-in-100 (equal to 9-in-10); and c) 95-in-105 (larger than 9-in-10). Surprisingly, time pressure did not affect performance. Intelligence, cognitive reflection, and numeracy were correlated with performance, but only under time pressure. Advanced reasoning processes can be fast, intuitive, and contribute to cognitive abilities, in accordance with fuzzy-trace theory.",Fuzzy-trace theory | Individual differences | Intuition | Probability judgment | Time pressure,Learning and Individual Differences,2016-01-01,Article,"Furlan, Sarah;Agnoli, Franca;Reyna, Valerie F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953362459,10.1007/s11205-014-0833-1,Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development,"We use data from matched dual earner couples from the Australian Time Use Survey 2006 (n = 926 couples) to investigate predictors of different forms of domestic outsourcing, and whether using each type of paid help is associated with reduced time in male or female-typed tasks, narrower gender gaps in housework time and/or lower subjective time pressure. Results suggest domestic outsourcing does not substitute for much household time, reduces domestic time for men at least as much as for women, and does not ameliorate gender gaps in domestic labor. The only form of paid help associated with significant change in gender shares of domestic work was gardening and maintenance services, which were associated with women doing a greater share of the household total domestic work. We found no evidence that domestic outsourcing reduced feelings of time pressure. We conclude that domestic outsourcing is not effective in ameliorating time pressures or in changing gender dynamics of unpaid work.",Domestic outsourcing | Gender division of labor | Housework shares | Time pressure,Social Indicators Research,2016-01-01,Article,"Craig, Lyn;Baxter, Janeen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846859803,10.1109/TSE.2007.12,A systematic review of theory use in software engineering experiments,"Empirically based theories are generally perceived as foundational to science. However, in many disciplines, the nature, role and even the necessity of theories remain matters for debate, particularly in young or practical disciplines such as software engineering. This article reports a systematic review of the explicit use of theory in a comprehensive set of 103 articles reporting experiments, from of a total of 5,453 articles published in major software engineering journals and conferences in the decade 1993-2002. Of the 103 articles, 24 use a total of 40 theories in various ways to explain the cause-effect relationship(s) under investigation. The majority of these use theory in the experimental design to justify research questions and hypotheses, some use theory to provide post hoc explanations of their results, and a few test or modify theory. A third of the theories are proposed by authors of the reviewed articles. The interdisciplinary nature of the theories used is greater than that of research in software engineering in general. We found that theory use and awareness of theoretical issues are present, but that theory-driven research is, as yet, not a major issue in empirical software engineering. Several articles comment explicitly on the lack of relevant theory. We call for an increased awareness of the potential benefits of involving theory, when feasible. To support software engineering researchers who wish to use theory, we show which of the reviewed articles on which topics use which theories for what purposes, as well as details of the theories' characteristics. © 2007 IEEE.",Empirical software engineering | Experiments | Research methodology | Theory,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-01-01,Review,"Hannay, Jo E.;Sjøberg, Dag I.K.;Dybå, Tore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860568975,10.1037/a0025996,Software engineering with Ada,"This article provides an integrative review of the literature on judgment-based predictions of performance time, often described as task duration predictions in psychology and as expert-based effort estimation in engineering and management science. We summarize results on the characteristics of performance time predictions, processes and strategies, the influence of task characteristics and contextual factors, and the relations between estimates and characteristics of the estimator. Although dependent on the type of study and the level of analysis, underestimation was more frequently reported than overestimation in studies from the engineering and management literature. However, this was not the case in studies from the psychology literature. Our summaries challenge earlier results regarding the effects of factors such as complexity/difficulty and experience. We also question the recurrent finding that small tasks are overestimated and large tasks are underestimated, as this to some extent can be a statistical artifact caused by random error. Several other influences on predictions are identified and discussed. These include various types of anchoring effects, performance and accuracy incentives, task decomposition, request formats, group estimation, revisions of initial ideal or incomplete estimates, level of abstraction, and superficial cues. We summarize similarities and differences between performance time predictions (e.g., number of work hours) and completion time predictions (e.g., delivery dates) because many studies fail to distinguish between these 2 types of predictions. Finally, we discuss methodological issues in time prediction research and implications for research and application. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Effort estimation | Performance time | Task duration | Time prediction,Psychological Bulletin,2012-03-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873113883,10.1109/ICSM.2012.6405288,Strengthening the case for pair programming,"In this paper we present a maintainability based model for estimating the costs of developing source code in its evolution phase. Our model adopts the concept of entropy in thermodynamics, which is used to measure the disorder of a system. In our model, we use maintainability for measuring disorder (i.e. entropy) of the source code of a software system. We evaluated our model on three proprietary and two open source real world software systems implemented in Java, and found that the maintainability of these evolving software is decreasing over time. Furthermore, maintainability and development costs are in exponential relationship with each other. We also found that our model is able to predict future development costs with high accuracy in these systems. © 2012 IEEE.",cost prediction model | development cost estimation | ISO/IEC 25000 | ISO/IEC 9126 | Software maintainability,"IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bakota, Tibor;Hegedus, Peter;Ladanyi, Gergely;Kortvelyesi, Peter;Ferenc, Rudolf;Gyimothy, Tibor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898619003,10.1109/TSE.2013.52,"Software reviews, the state of the practice","Several variants of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been applied to solve the project scheduling problem (PSP), yet their performance highly depends on design choices for the EA. It is still unclear how and why different EAs perform differently. We present the first runtime analysis for the PSP, gaining insights into the performance of EAs on the PSP in general, and on specific instance classes that are easy or hard. Our theoretical analysis has practical implications-based on it, we derive an improved EA design. This includes normalizing employees' dedication for different tasks to ensure they are not working overtime; a fitness function that requires fewer pre-defined parameters and provides a clear gradient towards feasible solutions; and an improved representation and mutation operator. Both our theoretical and empirical results show that our design is very effective. Combining the use of normalization to a population gave the best results in our experiments, and normalization was a key component for the practical effectiveness of the new design. Not only does our paper offer a new and effective algorithm for the PSP, it also provides a rigorous theoretical analysis to explain the efficiency of the algorithm, especially for increasingly large projects. © 2014 IEEE.",evolutionary algorithms | runtime analysis | Schedule and organizational issues | search-based software engineering | software project management | software project scheduling,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2014-01-01,Article,"Minku, Leandro L.;Sudholt, Dirk;Yao, Xin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,Supporting a software engineering course with lotus notes,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902979895,10.1016/j.eswa.2014.05.003,Emotion recognition and its application in software engineering,"The Software Project Scheduling Problem is a specific Project Scheduling Problem present in many industrial and academic areas. This problem consists in making the appropriate worker-task assignment in a software project so the cost and duration of the project are minimized. We present the design of a Max-Min Ant System algorithm using the Hyper-Cube framework to solve it. This framework improves the performance of the algorithm. We illustrate experimental results and compare with other techniques demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of the approach, while reaching competitive solutions. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Ant Colony Optimization | Project management | Software engineering | Software Project Scheduling Problem,Expert Systems with Applications,2014-11-01,Article,"Crawford, Broderick;Soto, Ricardo;Johnson, Franklin;Monfroy, Eric;Paredes, Fernando",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950902597,10.1145/1718918.1718971,Product line implementation using aspect-oriented and model-driven software development,"An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects. Copyright 2010 ACM.",Collaborative tools | Concurrent engineering | Dependencies | Distributed development | Errors | Experience,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2010-04-20,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862944855,10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2616,Reuse and productivity in integrated computer-aided software engineering: an empirical study,"A new modeling approach to analyze the impact of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness of agile maintenance process is presented in this paper. Based on a causal loop diagram the authors developed earlier and the analytical theory of project investment, this paper analyzed the effect of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness. Preliminary results show that maintenance effectiveness is low when schedule pressure is high, and is high when schedule pressure is low. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.",Agile development methedology | Analytical theory of project investment | Simulation | Software engineering | System dynamics,Procedia Engineering,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kong, Xiaoying;Liu, Li;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84931091062,10.1109/ICSME.2014.26,Knowledge representation as the basis for requirements specifications,"To detect integration errors as quickly as possible, organizations use automated build systems. Such systems ensure that (1) the developers are able to integrate their parts into an executable whole, (2) the testers are able to test the built system, (3) and the release engineers are able to leverage the generated build to produce the upcoming release. The flipside of automated builds is that any incorrect change can break the build, and hence testing and releasing, and (even worse) block other developers from continuing their work, delaying the project even further. To measure the impact of such build breakage, this empirical study analyzes 3,214 builds produced in a large software company over a period of 6 months. We found a high ratio of build breakage (17.9%), and also quantified the cost of such build breakage as more than 336.18 man-hours. Interviews with 28 software engineers from the company helped to understand the circumstances under which builds are broken and the effects of build breakages on the collaboration and coordination of teams. We quantitatively investigated the main factors impacting build breakage and found that build failures correlate with the number of simultaneous contributors on branches, the type of work items performed on a branch, and the roles played by the stakeholders of the builds (for example developers vs. Integrators).",Automated Builds | Data Mining | Empirical Software Engineering | Software Quality,"Proceedings - 30th International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution, ICSME 2014",2014-12-04,Conference Paper,"Kerzazi, Noureddine;Khomh, Foutse;Adams, Bram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036638665,10.1287/orsc.13.4.402.2948,Exchanging preliminary information in concurrent engineering: Alternative coordination strategies,"Successful application of concurrent development processes (concurrent engineering) requires tight coordination. To speed development, tasks often proceed in parallel by relying on preliminary information from other tasks, information that has not yet been finalized. This frequently causes substantial rework using as much as 50% of total engineering capacity. Previous studies have either described coordination as a complex social process, or have focused on the frequency, but not the content, of information exchanges. Through extensive fieldwork in a high-end German automotive manufacturer, we develop a framework of preliminary information that distinguishes information precision and information stability. Information precision refers to the accuracy of the information exchanged. Information stability defines the likelihood of changing a piece of information later in the process. This definition of preliminary information allows us to develop a time-dependent model for managing interdependent tasks, producing two alternative strategies: iterative and set-based coordination. We discuss the trade-offs in choosing a coordination strategy and how they change over time. This allows an organization to match its problem-solving strategy with the interdependence it faces. Set-based coordination requires an absence of ambiguity, and should be emphasized if either starvation costs or the cost of pursuing multiple design alternatives in parallel are low. Iterative coordination should be emphasized if the downstream task faces ambiguity, or if starvation costs are high and iteration (rework) costs are low.",Communication | Concurrent Engineering | Coordination | Information Processing | Preliminary Information | Problem-Solving Strategies | Product Development,Organization Science,2002-01-01,Article,"Terwiesch, Christian;Loch, Christoph H.;De Meyer, Arnoud",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928598392,10.1109/COMPSAC.2014.96,Software architecture for hard real-time applications: cyclic executives vs. fixed priority executives,"Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) applies search-based optimization techniques in order to solve complex Software Engineering problems. In the recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of SBSE applications in areas such as Software Test, Requirements Engineering, and Project Planning. Our focus is on the analysis of the literature in Project Planning, specifically the researches conducted in software project scheduling and resource allocation. SBSE project scheduling and resource allocation solutions basically use optimization algorithms. Considering the results of a previous Systematic Literature Review, in this work, we analyze the issues of adopting these optimization algorithms in what is considered typical settings found in software development organizations. We found few evidence signaling that the expectations of software development organizations are being attended.",Literature review | Project management | Resource allocation | Scheduling | Search-Based Software Engineering | Staffing,Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference,2014-09-15,Conference Paper,"Peixoto, Daniela C.C.;Mateus, Geraldo R.;Resende, Rodolfo F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85052284458,10.2118/179207-ms,Current issues in software engineering for natural language processing,"Incident investigation and analysis are crucially important parts of the learning from incidents process. They are also highly complex tasks, especially analyzing information to relate ""effects"" to ""causes. "" It requires the processing and judgment of vast amounts of information under often demanding circumstances like time pressure and lack of resources. These task elements are typical ingredients for the presence of so-called cognitive biases. These biases can have a negative influence on the validity of an investigation and can lead to incorrect and hence ineffective recommendations. This is also a serious issue from a legal perspective as in many cases an investigation has to be able to withstand scrutiny in legal proceedings. For individual investigators and teams it is very difficult to identify these biases by themselves if they do not know what ""red flags"" to look for. The questions posed in this paper are: What kind of cognitive biases are present in incident analyses and what can be done to detect and prevent them? Nine incident analysis reports have been evaluated to identify cognitive biases. These reports were written by certified investigators of an internationally operating safety consultancy. We extracted the factual elements from these reports, re-analyzed the incidents, and compared the conclusions to the original results We identified cognitive biases in all reports. The investigators can detect these biases themselves at an early stage of an investigation. Once identified, the investigators can update the analysis or search for extra information in supplemental investigations. The avoidance of cognitive biases can help organizations to avoid implementing ineffective recommendations and, maybe even more important, make sure that effective improvements are not missed.",,"Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Burggraaf, Julia;Groeneweg, Jop",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866843543,10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0146,Working with objects: the OOram software engineering method,"Software development effort estimation is important for quality management in the software development industry, yet its automation still remains a challenging issue. Accurate estimation of software effort is critical in software engineering. Existing methods for software cost estimation will use very few quality factors for the estimation. So, in order to overcome this drawback, the authors proposed an efficient effort estimation system based on quality assurance coverage. This study is a basis for the improvement of software effort estimation research through a series of quality attributes along with constructive cost model (COCOMO). The classification of software system for which the effort estimation is to be calculated based on COCOMO classes. For this quality assurance ISO 9126 quality factors are used and for the weighing factors the function point metric is used as an estimation approach. Effort is estimated for MS word 2007 using the following models: Albrecht and Gaffney model, Kemerer model, SMPEEM model (Software Maintenance Project Effort Estimation Model and FP Matson, Barnett and Mellichamp model. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.",,IET Software,2012-08-01,Article,"Azath, H.;Wahidabanu, R. S.D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863665624,10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0104,A review of studies on expert estimation of software development effort,"Many researchers have reported the defect growth within the evolutionary-developed large-scale systems, and increased fault slips from the early verification stages into late. This suggests that improvement in the early defect detection process control is needed. This study focuses on evaluation of adding inspection effort early in the development process. Based on the examination of the existing metrics used in defect detection process, the authors establish metrics to quantify its value from the quality and cost-benefit perspective. The effect of adding inspection effort early in the development process is evaluated in a case study using industrial data from history and an ongoing project involving three geographically distributed sites of the same globally distributed software development organisation with around 300 developers. The findings show that the expert-based decision criteria for additional investment are mostly based on quality and reliability issues, and less on costs. Consequently, the additional inspection improves significantly the quality, while the cost-benefit was not statistically significant. This leads to the conclusion that better decision criteria that would incorporate the costs and not only quality perceptions are the key for improving the product reliability, as well as the overall software life-cycle cost-efficiency. This study is motivated by the real industrial environment, and thus, contributes to both research and practice by presenting the empirical evidence. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.",,IET Software,2012-06-01,Article,"Grbac, Galinac T.;Car, Ž;Huljenić, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974569621,10.1145/2901739.2901752,A case-study on using an automated in-process software engineering measurement and analysis system in an industrial environment,"Similar to other industries, the software engineering domain is plagued by psychological diseases such as burnout, which lead developers to lose interest, exhibit lower activity and/or feel powerless. Prevention is essential for such diseases, which in turn requires early identification of symptoms. The emotional dimensions of Valence, Arousal and Dominance (VAD) are able to derive a person's interest (attraction), level of activation and perceived level of control for a particular situation from textual communication, such as emails. As an initial step towards identifying symptoms of productivity loss in software engineering, this paper explores the VAD metrics and their properties on 700,000 Jira issue reports containing over 2,000,000 comments, since issue reports keep track of a developer's progress on addressing bugs or new features. Using a general-purpose lexicon of 14,000 English words with known VAD scores, our results show that issue reports of different type (e.g., Feature Request vs. Bug) have a fair variation of Valence, while increase in issue priority (e.g., from Minor to Critical) typically increases Arousal. Furthermore, we show that as an issue's resolution time increases, so does the arousal of the individual the issue is assigned to. Finally, the resolution of an issue increases valence, especially for the issue Reporter and for quickly addressed issues. The existence of such relations between VAD and issue report activities shows promise that text mining in the future could offer an alternative way for work health assessment surveys.",,"Proceedings - 13th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2016",2016-05-14,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika;Adams, Bram;Destefanis, Giuseppe;Graziotin, Daniel;Ortu, Marco",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930406586,10.1504/IJASM.2015.068605,Software process improvement implementation: avoiding critical barriers,"Identifying impact factors on software development productivity and the static relations between the impact factors and performance has been the main focus in the literature. Insight into the dynamic relation between key factors and performance dimensions would expand and complement the conventional wisdom on software development productivity. This is the first study to present such dynamic relationship based on an Analytical Theory of Project Investment. Through simulation, we have demonstrated the dynamic relationship between project duration, the uncertainty level of the perceived project value, the fixed project upfront cost and software development productivity. The findings provide practitioners with insight into how these factors interact and impact on software development project productivity.",Modelling | Simulation | Software development methodology | Software development productivity,International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Liu, Li;Kong, Xiaoying;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84983000211,10.21437/speechprosody.2016-106,Dynamic software product lines,"Previous work has shown that read and spontaneous monologues differ prosodically both in production and perception. In this paper, we examine to which extent similar effects can be found between spontaneous and read, or rather re-enacted, dialogues. It is possible that speakers can mimic conversational prosody very well. Another possibility is that in re-enacted dialogues, prosody is actually used less as a communicative device, as there is no need to establish a common ground or to organize the floor between interlocutors. In our study, we examined spontaneous and read dialogues of equal verbal content. The task-oriented dialogues contained a communicative situation implicitly calling for for a higher speaking rate (time pressure). Our results show that overall, speakers met this conversational demand of increased speaking rate both in the reenacted and in the spontaneous situation, although we find different global speaking rates between conditions. Also, read speech exhibits a lower F0 minimum and, consequently, a larger F0 range than spontaneous conversations, which may be explicable by a lack of active turn taking organization. Summing up, re-enacted conversational prosody resembles many features of spontaneous interaction, but also shows systematic differences.",Conversational prosody | Read speech | Speaking rate | Speaking styles | Spontaneous speech,Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wagner, Petra;Windmann, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928622899,10.1080/00207721.2013.827261,A framework for assisting the design of effective software process improvement implementation strategies,"Most existing research on software release time determination assumes that parameters of the software reliability model (SRM) are deterministic and the reliability estimate is accurate. In practice, however, there exists a risk that the reliability requirement cannot be guaranteed due to the parameter uncertainties in the SRM, and such risk can be as high as 50% when the mean value is used. It is necessary for the software project managers to reduce the risk to a lower level by delaying the software release, which inevitably increases the software testing costs. In order to incorporate the managers preferences over these two factors, a decision model based on multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is developed for the determination of optimal risk-reduction release time.",multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) | parameter uncertainty | software release time | software reliability,International Journal of Systems Science,2015-07-04,Article,"Peng, Rui;Li, Yan Fu;Zhang, Jun Guang;Li, Xiang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84994121044,10.1145/2568225.2568245,Facts and fallacies of software engineering,"Time pressure is prevalent in the software industry in which shorter and shorter deadlines and high customer demands lead to increasingly tight deadlines. However, the effects of time pressure have received little attention in software engineering research. We performed a controlled experiment on time pressure with 97 observations from 54 subjects. Using a two-by-two crossover design, our subjects performed requirements review and test case development tasks. We found statistically significant evidence that time pressure increases efficiency in test case development (high effect size Cohens d=1.279) and in requirements review (medium effect size Cohens d=0.650). However, we found no statistically significant evidence that time pressure would decrease effectiveness or cause adverse effects on motivation, frustration or perceived performance. We also investigated the role of knowledge but found no evidence of the mediating role of knowledge in time pressure as suggested by prior work, possibly due to our subjects. We conclude that applying moderate time pressure for limited periods could be used to increase efficiency in software engineering tasks that are well structured and straight forward.",Experiment | Review | Test case development | Time pressure,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2014-05-31,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Petersen, Kai;Lehtinen, Timo O.A.;Lassenius, Casper",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947486883,10.1007/s11628-014-0259-5,Requirements and testing: Seven missing-link myths,"Despite the well-documented importance of the outcome of negotiation for strategic success, little attention has been paid to negotiations in outsourcing agreements. In view of this gap in the literature, this paper addresses the contextual factors that better explain the negotiation behavior displayed in increasingly frequent service outsourcing agreements. Exploratory research, based on the analysis of four cases of a service outsourcing negotiation process, leads to a series of proposals that form the basis for a further research agenda. Our findings suggest that negotiating behavior in service outsourcing can be explained by the power relationship, time pressure and, in particular, by the type of service outsourced. The latter appears to influence the impact of other contextual factors on negotiating behavior.",Negotiating behavior | Power relationship | Service outsourcing | Time pressure | Value creation,Service Business,2015-12-01,Article,"Saorín-Iborra, M. Carmen;Redondo-Cano, Ana;Revuelto-Taboada, Lorenzo;Vogler, Éric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923281540,10.1016/j.eswa.2015.01.066,Conducting realistic experiments in software engineering,"This paper proposes a new matrix-based project planning method that takes into consideration task importance or probability of completions thus determines and ranks the importance or probability of possible project scenarios and project structures. The proposed algorithm is fast, aims to select the most important project scenarios or the least cost/time demanding project structures. The algorithm is generic, can host several types of goals dictated by the characteristics of project management and as such can be the fundamental element of a project expert- and decision-making system.",Decision-making tools | Exact algorithms | Project planning methods | Supporting traditional and agile project managements,Expert Systems with Applications,2015-06-01,Article,"Kosztyán, Zsolt T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947488010,10.1007/s10484-015-9302-0,Evaluating the effect of a delegated versus centralized control style on the maintainability of object-oriented software,"We showed in a previous study an additive interaction between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads and of participants’ alertness in an 1-back working memory task. The interaction between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads was only observed when participants’ alertness was low (i.e. in the morning). As alertness is known to reflect an individual’s general functional state, we suggested that the working memory capacity available for germane cognitive load depends on a participant’s functional state, in addition to intrinsic and extraneous loads induced by the task and task conditions. The relationships between the different load types and their assessment by specific load measures gave rise to a modified cognitive load model. The aim of the present study was to complete the model by determining to what extent and at what processing level an individual’s characteristics intervene in order to implement efficient strategies in a working memory task. Therefore, the study explored participants’ cognitive appraisal of the situation in addition to the load factors considered previously—task difficulty, time pressure and alertness. Each participant performed a mental arithmetic task in four different cognitive load conditions (crossover of two task difficulty conditions and of two time pressure conditions), both while their alertness was low (9 a.m.) and high (4 p.m.). Results confirmed an additive effect of task difficulty and time pressure, previously reported in the 1-back memory task, thereby lending further support to the modified cognitive load model. Further, in the high intrinsic and extraneous load condition, performance was reduced on the morning session (i.e. when alertness was low) on one hand, and in those participants’ having a threat appraisal of the situation on the other hand. When these factors were included into the analysis, a performance drop occurred in the morning irrespective of cognitive appraisal, and with threat appraisal in the afternoon (i.e. high alertness). Taken together, these findings indicate that mental overload can be the result of a combination of subject-related characteristics, including alertness and cognitive appraisal, in addition to well-documented task-related components (intrinsic and extraneous load). As the factors investigated in the study are known to be critically involved in a number of real job-activities, the findings suggest that solutions designed to reduce incidents and accidents at work should consider the situation from a global perspective, including individual characteristics, task parameters, and work organization, rather than dealing with each factor separately.",Alertness | Arithmetic task | Cognitive appraisal | Cognitive load | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Workload measures,Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback,2015-12-01,Article,"Galy, Edith;Mélan, Claudine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947492647,10.1007/s00221-015-4401-y,The effect of coordination and uncertainty on software project performance: residual performance risk as an intervening variable,"To prevent falls, adjustment of foot placement is a frequently used strategy to regulate and restore gait stability. While foot trajectory adjustments have been studied during discrete stepping, online corrections during walking are more common in daily life. Here, we studied quick foot placement adjustments during gait, using an instrumented treadmill equipped with a projector, which allowed us to project virtual stepping stones. This allowed us to shift some of the approaching stepping stones in a chosen direction at a given moment, such that participants were forced to adapt their step in that specific direction and had varying time available to do so. Thirteen healthy participants performed six experimental trials all consisting of 580 stepping stones, and 96 of those stones were shifted anterior, posterior or lateral at one out of four distances from the participant. Overall, long-step gait adjustments were performed more successfully than short-step and side-step gait adjustments. We showed that the ability to execute movement adjustments depends on the direction of the trajectory adjustment. Our findings suggest that choosing different leg movement adjustments for obstacle avoidance comes with different risks and that strategy choice does not depend exclusively on environmental constraints. The used obstacle avoidance strategy choice might be a trade-off between the environmental factors (i.e., the cost of a specific adjustment) and individuals’ ability to execute a specific adjustment with success (i.e., the associated execution risk).",Falls | Locomotion | Obstacle avoidance | Online corrections | Stepping accuracy | Walking,Experimental Brain Research,2015-12-01,Article,"Hoogkamer, Wouter;Potocanac, Zrinka;Duysens, Jacques",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874168256,10.1109/ICoAC.2012.6416816,Avoiding classic mistakes [software engineering],"Estimation of software is a very important and crucial task in the software development process. Due to the intangible nature of software, it is difficult to predict the effort correctly. There are number of options available to predict the software effort such as algorithmic models, non-algorithmic models etc. Estimation of Analogy has been proved to be most effective method. In this, the estimation is based on the similar projects that have been successfully completed already. If the parameters of the current project, matches well with the past project then it is easy to calculate the effort for current project. The success rate of the effort prediction largely depends on finding the most similar past projects. For finding the most relevant past project in estimation by analogy method, the computational intelligence tools have already been used. The use of Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithm has not fully solved the problem of selection of relevant projects. The main problems faced are Feature Selection and Similarity Measure between the projects. This can be achieved by using Differential Evolution. This is a population based search strategy. The Differential Evolution is used to compare the key attributes between the two projects. Thus we can get most optimal projects which can be used for the estimation of effort using analogy method. © 2012 IEEE.",COCOMO | Differential Evolution | Expert Judgment | Genetic Algorithm,"4th International Conference on Advanced Computing, ICoAC 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Thamarai, I.;Murugavalli, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946059895,10.17559/TV-20140519212813,On the difficulty of replicating human subjects studies in software engineering,This paper introduces a proposal of design of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm paradigm using Hyper-Cube framework to solve the Software Project Scheduling Problem. This NP-hard problem consists in assigning tasks to employees in order to minimize the project duration and its overall cost. This assignment must satisfy the problem constraints and precedence between tasks. The approach presented here employs the Hyper-Cube framework in order to establish an explicitly multidimensional space to control the ant behaviour. This allows us to autonomously handle the exploration of the search space with the aim of reaching encouraging solutions.,Ant Colony Optimization | Hyper-Cube | Scheduling | Software Project Management,Tehnicki Vjesnik,2015-10-22,Article,"Crawford, Broderick;Soto, Ricardo;Johnson, Franklin;Misra, Sanjay;Paredes, Fernando;Olguín, Eduardo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Body of Knowledge,"Creativity is a critical aspect of competitiveness in all trades and professions. In the case of designers, creativity is of the utmost importance. Based on the perspective of industrial design, the relationship between creativity and time pressure was investigated in this study using control and experimental groups. In the first part of the study, fuzzy theory, the Creative Product Analysis Matrix, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Consensus Assessment Techniques were integrated to establish a method to evaluate creativity in industrial design. Moreover, the experimental and control groups were compared using three tests: the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, the product concept development test, and the product aesthetic development test. Six hypotheses were examined. Based on an analysis of the results, suggestions are offered to improve creativity management. The suggestions can serve as reference for creativity management of individuals, groups and companies in order to make the concept generating process more efficient.",Creativity | Design education | Design method(s) | Design methodology | Fuzzy theory | Product design,International Journal of Technology and Design Education,2017-06-01,Article,"Hsiao, Shih Wen;Wang, Ming Feng;Chen, Chien Wie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84960156156,10.1109/ICMTMA.2015.192,Understanding the effects of requirements volatility in software engineering by using analytical modeling and software process simulation,"To predict the changes of mental workload for the pilot, a mental workload prediction model based on the information display interface, which comprehensively considering the influences of time pressure, information intensity and multidimensional information coding on mental workload, was proposed. In order to verify the validity of the model, 20 subjects performed an indicators monitoring task under different task conditions. Performance measure, subjective measure and physiological measure were adopted for evaluation the mental workload. The integrated experimental results reveal that the changing trend of mental workload calculated by the theoretical model is relatively highly correlated with the practical experimental results. This mental workload prediction model will provide a reference for the ergonomics evaluation and optimization design of cockpit display interface.",Display Interface | Ergonomics | Mathematical Model | Mental Workload | Time Pressure,"Proceedings - 2015 7th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2015",2015-09-11,Conference Paper,"Ma, Meiling;Wanyan, Xiaoru;Zhuang, Damin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953782801,10.1109/CSCWD.2010.5471998,"The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, Anniversary Edition, 2/E","The software industry has recognized the importance of teamwork as a driver for good projects results. However teamwork is not an easy goal to reach, because there is a large list of variables affecting the process. Each project probably will require a particular recipe to promote and perform real teamwork. Therefore a one-size fits-all approach does not work to promote teamwork in the software development scenarios. This article presents an influence model that helps the development teams to find a strategy that allow them to carry out teamwork. This model is the result of an analysis conducted by the authors on 27 software projects performed in a controlled setting in an academic environment. © 2010 IEEE.",Human behavior | Software development teams | Teamwork,"Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marques, Maira;Ochoa, Sergio F.;Quispe, Alcides;Silvestre, Luis;Villena, Agustin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901820618,10.1002/pmj.21411,Software-engineering process simulation model (SEPS),"In this article we focus on the quantitative project scheduling problem in IT companies that apply the agile management philosophy and Scrum, in particular. We combine mathematical programming with an agile project flow using a modified multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling model for software projects (MRCPSSP). The proposed approach can be used to generate schedules as benchmarks for agile development iterations. Computational experiments based on real project data indicate that this approach significantly reduces the project cycle time. The approach can be a useful addition to agile project management, especially for software projects with predefined deadlines and budgets. © 2014 by the Project Management Institute.",agile software development | quantitative project management | Scrum | software project scheduling,Project Management Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Jahr, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876277080,10.1142/S0218194012500301,Fuzzy systems and neural networks in software engineering project management,"With increasing demands on software functions, software systems become more and more complex. This complexity is one of the most pervasive factors affecting software development productivity. Assessing the impact of software complexity on development productivity helps to provide effective strategies for development process and project management. Previous research literatures have suggested that development productivity declines exponentially with software complexity. Borrowing insights from cognitive learning psychology and behavior theory, the relationship between software complexity and development productivity was reexamined in this paper. This research identified that the relationship partially showed a U-shaped as well as an inverted U-shaped curvilinear tendency. Furthermore, the range of complexity level that is beneficial for productivity has been presented, in which, the lower bound denotes the minimum degree of complexity at which personnel can be motivated, while the upper bound shows the maximum extent of complexity that staff can endure. Based on our findings, some guidelines for improving personnel management of software industry have also been given. © 2012 World Scientific Publishing Company.",behavior theory | cognitive psychology | productivity | Software complexity,International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering,2012-12-01,Article,"Zhan, Jizhou;Zhou, Xianzhong;Zhao, Jiabao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927730115,10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.03.014,"The effects of"" pair-pressure"" and"" pair-learning"" on software engineering education","Consumer buying decisions for food reflect considerations about food production.However, consumers' interest in process-related product characteristics does not always translate into buying intentions. The present study investigates how situational factors affect the use of process-related considerations when consumers select food products. A conjoint study provides estimated part worth utilities for product alternatives that differ on five product attributes (including four process-related factors) across two products (bread and sports drink) that differ on perceived naturalness. The investigation of the utilities of the process-related attributes features both an internal (priming of environmental values/value centrality) and an external (time pressure) situational factor. The results indicate that the importance of process-related attributes is product specific and also depends on situational factors.",Priming | Process-related attribute | Situational factors | Time pressure,Food Quality and Preference,2015-09-01,Article,"Loebnitz, Natascha;Mueller Loose, Simone;Grunert, Klaus G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953791726,10.1145/2766462.2767817,Software engineering: a practitioner's approach,"We report preliminary results of the impact of time pressure and system delays on search behavior from a laboratory study with forty-three participants. To induce time pressure, we randomly assigned half of our study participants to a treatment condition where they were only allowed five minutes to search for each of four ad-hoc search topics. The other half of the participants were given no task time limits. For half of participants' search tasks (n=2), five second delays were introduced after queries were submitted and SERP results were clicked. Results showed that participants in the time pressure condition queried at a significantly higher rate, viewed significantly fewer documents per query, had significantly shallower hover and view depths, and spent significantly less time examining documents and SERPs. We found few significant differences in search behavior for system delay or interaction effects between time pressure and system delay. These initial results show time pressure has a significant impact on search behavior and suggest the design of search interfaces and features that support people who are searching under time pressure.",Search behavior | System delays | Time pressure,SIGIR 2015 - Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval,2015-08-09,Conference Paper,"Crescenzi, Anita;Kelly, Diane;Azzopardi, Leif",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930406586,10.1504/IJASM.2015.068605,"Embedded software: Facts, figures, and future","Identifying impact factors on software development productivity and the static relations between the impact factors and performance has been the main focus in the literature. Insight into the dynamic relation between key factors and performance dimensions would expand and complement the conventional wisdom on software development productivity. This is the first study to present such dynamic relationship based on an Analytical Theory of Project Investment. Through simulation, we have demonstrated the dynamic relationship between project duration, the uncertainty level of the perceived project value, the fixed project upfront cost and software development productivity. The findings provide practitioners with insight into how these factors interact and impact on software development project productivity.",Modelling | Simulation | Software development methodology | Software development productivity,International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Liu, Li;Kong, Xiaoying;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930618857,10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.04.002,"Effects of process maturity on No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure, cycle time, and effort in software product development","Does cognition begin with an undifferentiated stimulus whole, which can be divided into distinct attributes if time and cognitive resources allow (Differentiation Theory)? Or does it begin with the attributes, which are combined if time and cognitive resources allow (Combination Theory)? Across psychology, use of the terms analytic and non-analytic imply that Differentiation Theory is correct-if cognition begins with the attributes, then synthesis, rather than analysis, is the more appropriate chemical analogy. We re-examined four classic studies of the effects of time pressure, incidental training, and concurrent load on classification and category learning (Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Shapiro, 1989; Ward, 1983). These studies are typically interpreted as supporting Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory, while more recent work in classification (Milton et al., 2008, et seq.) supports the opposite conclusion. Across seven experiments, replication and re-analysis of the four classic studies revealed that they do not support Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory-two experiments support Combination Theory over Differentiation Theory, and the remainder are compatible with both accounts. We conclude that Combination Theory provides a parsimonious account of both classic and more recent work in this area. The presented data do not require Differentiation Theory, nor a Combination-Differentiation hybrid account.",Analytic | Categorization | Category learning | Concurrent load | Holistic | Nonanalytic | Time pressure,Cognitive Psychology,2015-08-01,Article,"Wills, Andy J.;Inkster, Angus B.;Milton, Fraser",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939988932,10.1007/s11947-015-1488-x,Agile requirements engineering practices: An empirical study,"Generic kinetic models for microbial inactivation by high pressure processing (HPP) would accelerate the development of commercial applications. The aim of this work was to develop a generic model obtained by fitting peer-reviewed microbial inactivation data (124 kinetic curves) to first-order kinetics (LKM), Weibull (WBLL), and Gompertz (GMPZ) primary and secondary models. Standard statistics (coefficient of determination (R2), variance, residuals plots, experimental vs. predicted plots) and information theory criteria (Akaike Information Criteria, AIC; Akaike differences, ∆AICi, Bayesian Information Criteria) determined their goodness of fit. Standard statistics showed no differences between WBLL and GMPZ, whereas information theory criteria identified WBLL as the best model (lowest AICi value, 61.3 % of cases). LKM performed poorly according to all statistics (e.g., ∆AICi > 10, 58.1 % of cases). The dispersion of model parameters prevented the derivation of a secondary model for the whole dataset, but clear trends and sufficient data (56 kinetic curves) were found to develop one for milk. A secondary WBLL model (b′ = 0.056–2.230, n = 0.758 − 0.403; 150–600 MPa) was the best alternative (AICi = 183.8). A GMPZ model yielded similar predictions, but registered ∆AICi = 19.3 reflecting its larger number of parameters (p = 8). Selecting datasets with pressure holding times of commercial interest (t ≤ 10 min) yielded different parameter estimates for the generic WBLL model (b′ = 0.079–1.859, n = 1.340–0.557; 300–600 MPa). In conclusion, information theory criteria complemented standard statistics, and the simpler WBLL secondary model (p = 4) provided a product-specific time-pressure function of industrial relevance.",Akaike information criteria (AIC) | First-order kinetics model | Gompertz model | High pressure processing (HPP) | Information theory criteria | Microbial inactivation kinetics | Weibull model,Food and Bioprocess Technology,2015-06-01,Article,"Serment-Moreno, Vinicio;Fuentes, Claudio;Barbosa-Cánovas, Gustavo;Torres, José Antonio;Welti-Chanes, Jorge",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937698294,10.1152/jn.00845.2013,BBN-based software project risk management,"A hallmark of flexible behavior is the brain’s ability to dynamically adjust speed and accuracy in decision-making. Recent studies suggested that such adjustments modulate not only the decision threshold, but also the rate of evidence accumulation. However, the underlying neuronal-level mechanism of the rate change remains unclear. In this work, using a spiking neural network model of perceptual decision, we demonstrate that speed and accuracy of a decision process can be effectively adjusted by manipulating a top-down control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition [balanced synaptic input (BSI)]. Our model predicts that emphasizing accuracy over speed leads to reduced rate of ramping activity and reduced baseline activity of decision neurons, which have been observed recently at the level of single neurons recorded from behaving monkeys in speed-accuracy tradeoff tasks. Moreover, we found that an increased inhibitory component of BSI skews the decision time distribution and produces a pronounced exponential tail, which is commonly observed in human studies. Our findings suggest that BSI can serve as a top-down control mechanism to rapidly and parametrically trade between speed and accuracy, and such a cognitive control signal presents both when the subjects emphasize accuracy or speed in perceptual decisions.",Balanced input | Decision making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Top-down control,Journal of Neurophysiology,2015-05-20,Article,"Lo, Chung Chuan;Wang, Cheng Te;Wang, Xiao Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946190227,10.1016/j.lindif.2015.04.002,Case studies of software-process-improvement measurement,"An experiment evaluated a transformation of response time (RT) into response rate adjusted for errors (RRAdj) for its ability to accommodate different speed-accuracy tradeoffs (SATs). Participants solved 2-step arithmetic problems under instructional conditions that emphasized speed versus accuracy of responding. RT and error variables were transformed using RRAdj and three additional computations to determine which better equated performance scores under the two tradeoff conditions. Effective adjustment for SAT strategy was evaluated by the equivalence of predictive relationships with other variables, regardless of SAT instructional set. Of the scoring computations compared, RRAdj alone equated performance in the tradeoff conditions, and it was optimized when accuracy was adjusted for guessing. Thus, in certain multistep cognitive tasks, incorporating RT and error data in the RRAdj computation could at least partially adjust for differing SAT strategies and embody additional meaningful variance compared to the commonly used RT for correct responses.",Errors | Response time | RR Adj | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Learning and Individual Differences,2015-05-01,Article,"Sorensen, Linda J.;Woltz, Dan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925002603,10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.008,Facts and fallacies of software engineering,"Objective: Regular use of recommended preventive health services can promote good health and prevent disease. However, individuals may forgo obtaining preventive care when they are busy with competing activities and commitments. This study examined whether time pressure related to work obligations creates barriers to obtaining needed preventive health services. Methods: Data from the 2002-2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were used to measure the work hours of 61,034 employees (including 27,910 females) and their use of five preventive health services (flu vaccinations, routine check-ups, dental check-ups, mammograms and Pap smear). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between working hours and use of each of those five services. Results: Individuals working long hours (>. 60 per week) were significantly less likely to obtain dental check-ups (OR. = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.91) and mammograms (OR. = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.73). Working 51-60. h weekly was associated with less likelihood of receiving Pap smear (OR. = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.96). No association was found for flu vaccination. Conclusions: Time pressure from work might create barriers for people to receive particular preventive health services, such as breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening and dental check-ups. Health practitioners should be aware of this particular source of barriers to care.",Cancer screening | Dental check-up | Flu vaccination | Mammogram | Overtime | Pap smear | Preventive health services | Time pressure | Work hours,Preventive Medicine,2015-05-01,Article,"Yao, Xiaoxi;Dembe, Allard E.;Wickizer, Thomas;Lu, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945474824,10.1007/s11606-015-3341-3,Software effort models for early estimation of process control applications,,Burnout | Health policy | Primary care | Quality of care | Time pressure,Journal of General Internal Medicine,2015-11-01,Article,"Linzer, Mark;Bitton, Asaf;Tu, Shin Ping;Plews-Ogan, Margaret;Horowitz, Karen R.;Schwartz, Mark D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929494382,10.1371/journal.pone.0123740,Multi-project management in software engineering using simulation modelling,"Time pressure has been found to impact decision making in various ways, but studies on the effects time pressure in risky financial gambles have been largely limited to description-based decision tasks and to the gain domain. We present two experiments that investigated the effect of time pressure on decisions from description and decisions from experience, across both gain and loss domains. In description-based choice, time pressure decreased risk seeking for losses, whereas for gains there was a trend in the opposite direction. In experience-based choice, no impact of time pressure was observed on risk-taking, suggesting that time constraints may not alter attitudes towards risk when outcomes are learned through experience.",,PLoS ONE,2015-04-17,Article,"Wegier, Pete;Spaniol, Julia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928320311,10.1016/S0164-1212(01)00066-8,Stochastic simulation of risk factor potential effects for software development risk management,"Software organizations every day meet new challenges in the workflow of different projects. Scheduling the software projects is important and challenging for software project managers. Efficient Project plans reduce the cost of software construction. Efficient resource allocation will obtain the desired result. Task scheduling and human resource allocation were done in many software modeling. Even though we are having large number of scheduling and staffing techniques like Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), PSO-GA, there is a need to address uncertainties in requirements, process execution and in resources. But many of the resource plans was affected by the unexpected joining and leaving event of human resources which may call uncertainty. We develop a prototype tool to support managing uncertainties using simulation and simple models for management decisions about resource reallocation. We also used some real-world data in evaluating our approach. This paper presents, a solution to the problem of uncertain events occurred in the software project planning and resource allocation. This paper presents a solution to the uncertainties in human resource allocation.",Ant colony algorithm (ACA) | Genetic algorithm (GA) | Resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) | Software project scheduling problem (SPSP),ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,2015-01-01,Article,"Yarramsetti, Sarojini;Kousalya, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949929158,10.1109/CA.2014.12,A model of the software development process using both continuous and discrete models,This paper deals with the scheduling problem of software project management (SPM) and present an approach. It addresses this problem by means of the development of an ant colony optimization-based algorithm. This new approach is for resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) in PERT networks and Gantt Chart. The goal is to minimize cost and duration. The results show that this approach can be used to solve the Software Project Scheduling Problem.,,"Proceedings - 7th International Conference on Control and Automation, CA 2014",2014-01-28,Conference Paper,"Han, Wanjiang;Zhang, Xiaoyan;Jiang, Heyang;Li, Weijian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449579493,10.1109/NISS.2009.114,Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development,"There is profound confusion at the final stages of software development as to which defect discovered belongs to which phase of software development life cycle. Techniques like root cause analysis and orthogonal defect classification are commonly used practices that can be applied jointly with the software process to determine each defect attribute in terms of its type, trigger, source etc. However, there is a need to find a mechanism to determine the origin of those defects with respect to the verification technique applied to it in order to determine its efficiency in terms of its defects found and execution time. Defect containment matrix has been widely used to determine the efficiency of defect detection and removal processes at early life cycle phases. Nevertheless, having one vague value in terms of percentage of defects found for each phase proved to be inaccurate way due to the variations of defects severities and impact to the software schedule, effort and quality. This paper proposes a model that classifies each phase artifact to different work product according to its severity level © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science, NISS 2009",2009-11-20,Conference Paper,"Alshathry, Omar;Janicke, Helge;Zedan, Hussein;Alhussein, Abdullah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921343790,10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.01.001,"Software effort, No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure, and cycle time: A study of CMM level 5 projects","Computer users are often under stress when required to complete computer work within a required time. Work stress has repeatedly been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The present study examined the effects of time pressure workload during computer tasks on cardiac activity in 20 healthy subjects. Heart rate, time domain and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and Poincaré plot parameters were compared among five computer tasks and two rest periods. Faster heart rate and decreased standard deviation of R- R interval were noted in response to computer tasks under time pressure. The Poincaré plot parameters showed significant differences between different levels of time pressure workload during computer tasks, and between computer tasks and the rest periods. In contrast, no significant differences were identified for the frequency domain indices of HRV. The results suggest that the quantitative Poincaré plot analysis used in this study was able to reveal the intrinsic nonlinear nature of the autonomically regulated cardiac rhythm. Specifically, heightened vagal tone occurred during the relaxation computer tasks without time pressure. In contrast, the stressful computer tasks with added time pressure stimulated cardiac sympathetic activity.",Cardiac activity | Computer-mouse work | Electrocardiogram (ECG) | Heart rate variability (HRV) | Poincaré plot | Spectral analysis | Stress,Computers in Biology and Medicine,2015-03-01,Article,"Shi, Ping;Hu, Sijung;Yu, Hongliu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954222912,10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01955,Software process simulation for reliability management,"While all humans are capable of non-verbally representing numerical quantity using so-called the approximate number system (ANS), there exist considerable individual differences in its acuity. For example, in a non-symbolic number comparison task, some people find it easy to discriminate brief presentations of 14 dots from 16 dots while others do not. Quantifying individual ANS acuity from such a task has become an essential practice in the field, as individual differences in such a primitive number sense is thought to provide insights into individual differences in learned symbolic math abilities. However, the dominant method of characterizing ANS acuity-computing the Weber fraction (w)-only utilizes the accuracy data while ignoring response times (RT). Here, we offer a novel approach of quantifying ANS acuity by using the diffusion model, which accounts both accuracy and RT distributions. Specifically, the drift rate in the diffusion model, which indexes the quality of the stimulus information, is used to capture the precision of the internal quantity representation. Analysis of behavioral data shows that w is contaminated by speed-accuracy tradeoff, making it problematic as a measure of ANS acuity, while drift rate provides a measure more independent from speed-accuracy criterion settings. Furthermore, drift rate is a better predictor of symbolic math ability than w, suggesting a practical utility of the measure. These findings demonstrate critical limitations of the use of w and suggest clear advantages of using drift rate as a measure of primitive numerical competence.",Approximate number system | Diffusion model | Math ability | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Weber fraction,Frontiers in Psychology,2015-01-01,Article,"Park, Joonkoo;Starns, Jeffrey J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941123848,10.1177/0018720814565189,Application of a hybrid process simulation model to a software development project,"Objective: The authors determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce resumption time when an ongoing task is interrupted. Background: Interruptions are common and disruptive. Working memory capacity has been shown to predict resumption lag (i.e., time to successfully resume a task after interruption). Given that tDCS applied to brain areas associated with working memory can enhance performance, tDCS has the potential to improve resumption lag when a task is interrupted. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups that received anodal (active) stimulation of 2 mA tDCS to one of two target brain regions, left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), or to one of two control areas, active stimulation of the left primary motor cortex or sham stimulation of the right DLPFC, while completing a financial management task that was intermittently interrupted with math problem solving. Results: Anodal stimulation to the right and left DLPFC significantly reduced resumption lags compared to the control conditions (sham and left motor cortex stimulation). Additionally, there was no speed-accuracy tradeoff (i.e., the improvement in resumption time was not accompanied by an increased error rate). Conclusion: Noninvasive brain stimulation can significantly decrease resumption lag (improve performance) after a task is interrupted. Application: Noninvasive brain stimulation offers an easy-to-apply tool that can significantly improve interrupted task performance.",resumption lag | speed-accuracy tradeoff | tDCS | working memory,Human Factors,2015-09-08,Article,"Blumberg, Eric J.;Foroughi, Cyrus K.;Scheldrup, Melissa R.;Peterson, Matthew S.;Boehm-Davis, Debbie A.;Parasuraman, Raja",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74349086313,10.1108/17465660910943748,University/industry collaboration in developing a simulation-based software project management training course,"Purpose - The purpose of this research paper is to discuss a software reliability growth model (SRGM) based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process which incorporates the Burr type X testing-effort function (TEF), and to determine the optimal release-time based on cost-reliability criteria. Design/methodology/approach - It is shown that the Burr type X TEF can be expressed as a software development/testing-effort consumption curve. Weighted least squares estimation method is proposed to estimate the TEF parameters. The SRGM parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. The standard errors and confidence intervals of SRGM parameters are also obtained. Furthermore, the optimal release-time determination based on cost-reliability criteria has been discussed within the framework. Findings - The performance of the proposed SRGM is demonstrated by using actual data sets from three software projects. Results are compared with other traditional SRGMs to show that the proposed model has a fairly better prediction capability and that the Burr type X TEF is suitable for incorporating into software reliability modelling. Results also reveal that the SRGM with Burr type X TEF can estimate the number of initial faults better than that of other traditional SRGMs. Research limitations/implicationsThe paper presents the estimation method with equal weight. Future research may include extending the present study to unequal weight. Practical implicationsThe new SRGM may be useful in detecting more faults that are difficult to find during regular testing, and in assisting software engineers to improve their software development process. Originality/value - The incorporated TEF is flexible and can be used to describe the actual expenditure patterns more faithfully during software development.",Computer software | Modelling | Program testing,Journal of Modelling in Management,2009-01-01,Article,"Ahmad, N.;Khan, M. G.M.;Quadri, S. M.K.;Kumar, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947212364,10.1007/978-3-319-21067-4_7,Value-based software engineering,The aim of this study is to explore the influence of time pressure on the spatial distance perceived by participants in the virtual reality. The results show that there is no significant difference while participants estimates the distance whether with or without time pressure. But while participants esti- mating short distance and long distance in the virtual environments there is significant difference. And under horizontal or vertical direction there are also significant differences while participants estimate long distance has more errors than short distance.,Time pressure | Under horizontal | Vertical direction,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Qin, Hua;Liu, Bole;Wang, Dingding",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84918837352,10.1155/2014/491246,QUARTERLY ExECUTIVE,"The IT industry tries to employ a number of models to identify the defects in the construction of software projects. In this paper, we present COQUALMO and its limitations and aim to increase the quality without increasing the cost and time. The computation time, cost, and effort to predict the residual defects are very high; this was overcome by developing an appropriate new quality model named the software testing defect corrective model (STDCM). The STDCM was used to estimate the number of remaining residual defects in the software product; a few assumptions and the detailed steps of the STDCM are highlighted. The application of the STDCM is explored in software projects. The implementation of the model is validated using statistical inference, which shows there is a significant improvement in the quality of the software projects.",,Scientific World Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Karnavel, K.;Dillibabu, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85006883424,10.1007/s12046-016-0577-5,The dynamics of project performance: benchmarking the drivers of cost and schedule overrun,"Software effort estimation is the process of calculating the effort required to develop a software product based on the input parameters that are usually partial in nature. It is an important task but the most difficult and complicated step in the software product development. Estimation requires detailed information about project scope, process requirements and resources available. Inaccurate estimation leads to financial loss and delay in the projects. Due to the intangible nature of software, most of the software estimation process is unreliable. But there is a strong relationship between effort estimation and project management activities. Various methodologies have been employed to improve the procedure of software estimation. This paper reviews journal articles on software development to get the direction in the future estimation research. Several methods for software effort estimation are discussed in this paper, including the data sets widely used and metrics used for evaluation. The use of evolutionary computational tools in the estimation is dealt with in detail. A new model for estimation using differential evolution algorithm called DEAPS is proposed and its advantages are discussed.",algorithmic and non-algorithmic models | differential evolution | evolutionary computation | Software effort estimation methods,Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences,2017-01-01,Article,"Thamarai, I.;Murugavalli, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929515622,10.1080/00140139.2014.997301,Understanding software project risk: a cluster analysis,"Though it has been reported that air traffic controllers' (ATCos') performance improves with the aid of a conflict resolution aid (CRA), the effects of imperfect automation on CRA are so far unknown. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of imperfect automation on conflict resolution. Twelve students with ATC knowledge were instructed to complete ATC tasks in four CRA conditions including reliable, unreliable and high time pressure, unreliable and low time pressure, and manual conditions. Participants were able to resolve the designated conflicts more accurately and faster in the reliable versus unreliable CRA conditions. When comparing the unreliable CRA and manual conditions, unreliable CRA led to better conflict resolution performance and higher situation awareness. Surprisingly, high time pressure triggered better conflict resolution performance as compared to the low time pressure condition. The findings from the present study highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations. Practitioner Summary: Conflict resolution aid (CRA) is a proposed automation decision aid in air traffic control (ATC). It was found in the present study that CRA was able to promote air traffic controllers' performance even when it was not perfectly reliable. These findings highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations.",air traffic control | automation reliability | conflict resolution aid | human factors assessment | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-06-03,Article,"Trapsilawati, Fitri;Qu, Xingda;Wickens, Chris D.;Chen, Chun Hsien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,,A case study in applying a systematic method for COTS selection,"Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85026531580,10.1109/MSR.2017.47,"Architectures, coordination, and distance: Conway's law and beyond","Emotional arousal increases activation and performance but may also lead to burnout in software development. We present the first version of a Software Engineering Arousal lexicon (SEA) that is specifically designed to address the problem of emotional arousal in the software developer ecosystem. SEA is built using a bootstrapping approach that combines word embedding model trained on issue-Tracking data and manual scoring of items in the lexicon. We show that our lexicon is able to differentiate between issue priorities, which are a source of emotional activation and then act as a proxy for arousal. The best performance is obtained by combining SEA (428 words) with a previously created general purpose lexicon by Warriner et al. (13,915 words) and it achieves Cohen's d effect sizes up to 0.5.",Emotional Arousal | Empirical Software Engineering | Issue Report | Lexicon | Sentiment Analysis,IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories,2017-06-29,Conference Paper,"Mantyla, Mika V.;Novielli, Nicole;Lanubile, Filippo;Claes, Maelick;Kuutila, Miikka",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938813686,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0017-15.2015,Software process improvement at Hughes Aircraft,"We used electroencephalography (EEG) and behavior to examine the role of payoff bias in a difficult two-alternative perceptual decision under deadline pressure in humans. The findings suggest that a fast guess process, biased by payoff and triggered by stimulus onset, occurred on a subset of trials and raced with an evidence accumulation process informed by stimulus information. On each trial, the participant judged whether a rectangle was shifted to the right or left and responded by squeezing a right- or left-hand dynamometer. The payoff for each alternative (which could be biased or unbiased) was signaled 1.5 s before stimulus onset. The choice response was assigned to the first hand reaching a squeeze force criterion and reaction time was defined as time to criterion. Consistent with a fast guess account, fast responses were strongly biased toward the higher-paying alternative and the EEG exhibited an abrupt rise in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) on a subset of biased payoff trials contralateral to the higher-paying alternative ~150 ms after stimulus onset and 50 ms before stimulus information influenced the LRP. This rise was associated with poststimulus dynamometer activity favoring the higherpaying alternative and predicted choice and response time. Quantitative modeling supported the fast guess account over accounts of payoff effects supported in other studies. Our findings, taken with previous studies, support the idea that payoff and prior probability manipulations produce flexible adaptations to task structure and do not reflect a fixed policy for the integration of payoff and stimulus information.",Bias | Decision making | Fast guess | Lateralization of readiness potential (LRP) | Payoff | Reward,Journal of Neuroscience,2015-08-05,Article,"Noorbaloochi, Sharareh;Sharon, Dahlia;McClelland, James L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85025803552,10.1109/SEmotion.2017.11,Clone detection using abstract syntax trees,"During the past few years, psychological diseases related to unhealthy work environments, such as burnouts, have drawn more and more public attention. One of the known causes of these affective problems is time pressure. In order to form a theoretical background for time pressure detection in software repositories, this paper combines interdisciplinary knowledge by analyzing 1270 papers found on Scopus database and containing terms related to time pressure. By clustering those papers based on their abstract, we show that time pressure has been widely studied across different fields, but relatively little in software engineering. From a literature review of the most relevant papers, we infer a list of testable hypotheses that we want to verify in future studies in order to assess the impact of time pressures on software developers' mental health.",deadline pressure | Job demands-resources model | Software engineering | speed-accuracy tradeoff | time pressure | topic analysis,"Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering, SEmotion 2017",2017-06-28,Conference Paper,"Kuutila, Miikka;Mantyla, Mika V.;Claes, Maelick;Elovainio, Marko",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981717714,10.1177/1541931215591120,The Liar's Club: concealing rework in concurrent development,"Nurses must manage a variety of problems in order to maintain performance. The first step in managing these problems is detecting that there is in fact a problem. The current study aimed to investigate how nurses detect the problem of a patient developing a hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Specifically, the experiment examined the effects of varying the number of risk factors, nurse experience, and the presence or absence of time pressure. General findings and implications are discussed.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Gregg, Sarah;Durso, Francis T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83355169179,10.1007/978-3-642-22786-8_35,Software process simulation to achieve higher CMM levels,"Customers have shifted their focus to offshoring vendors ability to provide high quality software, in addition to the cost advantages. However, delivering projects within the budgets ensures profitability and growth of vendors. The present research highlights how meeting budget requirements is related to the impact of key determinants on software quality in offshore development projects executed by vendors. A survey of project managers engaged in off shoring at leading Indian software companies was carried out and the collected data were analysed using structural equations modelling techniques. Out of six determinants, in the case of projects completed within the budget, while process maturity is associated with functionality, reliability, usability and performance of the software and technical infrastructure is associated with reliability, maintainability, usability and performance in the case projects completed within the budget. However in the case of projects that exceeded the budget, it is found while requirements uncertainty is associated with maintainability, technical infrastructure is associated with maintainability and performance of the software. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.",Budget | Determinants of quality | IS offshoring | Quality attributes | Software process maturity,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2011-12-16,Conference Paper,"Sankaran, K.;Dalal, Nik;Kannabiran, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870057659,10.1111/j.1467-9450.2012.00973.x,Strategic management of complex projects: a case study using system dynamics,"Few studies have investigated individual differences in time predictions. We report two experiments that show an interaction between the personality trait Desirability of Control and reward conditions on predictions of performance time. When motivated to perform a task quickly, participants with a strong desire for control produced more optimistic predictions than those with a weaker desire for control. This effect could also be observed for a completely uncontrollable task. The results are discussed in relation to the finding that power produces more optimistic predictions, and extend this work by ruling out some previously suggested explanations. © 2012 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.",Desirability of control | Performance incentives | Time estimates | Time prediction,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2012-12-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Rognaldsen, Maren;Teigen, Karl Halvor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946909283,10.1166/asl.2015.6155,In the 25years since The Mythical Man-Month what have we learned about project management?,"Globalization stimulates the role of information technology (IT) among emerging market and creates new challenges for organizations to be competitive to survive in the market. These challenges alter and threaten the capability of employees in their working environment. Time pressure is regarded as one of key factors which negatively contribute to the employee turnover among IT Executives in Software Companies. This study in response to this issue aims to examine the impact of time pressure on well-being and turnover intention with the moderating role of perceived organizational support. This study is based on a conceptual framework and the data will be collected to observe the relationship between time pressure, employee well-being, perceived organizational support and turnover intention with the help of structural equation modeling. To the best knowledge of researcher, none of the study has found out the time pressure with the mediating variable of employee well-being and moderating variable of perceived organizational support.",Perceived organizational support | Time pressure | Turnover intention | Well-being,Advanced Science Letters,2015-01-01,Article,"Langove, Naseebullah;Isha, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam;Javaid, Muhammad Umair",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85034850103,10.1080/08874417.2016.1183428,Social and technical reasons for software project failures,"Software estimation research has primarily focused on software effort involved in direct software development. As more and more organizations buy instead of building software, more effort is spent on software testing and project management. In this empirical study, the effect of program duration, computer platform, and software development tool (SDT) on program testing effort and project management effort is studied. The study results point to program duration and software tool as significant determinants of testing and management effort. Computer platform, however, does not have an effect on testing and management effort. Furthermore, the mean testing effort for third generation (3G) development environment was significantly higher than the mean testing effort for fourth generation (4G) environments that used IDE. In addition, the management effort for 4G environment projects without the use of IDE was lower than nonprogramming report generation projects.",Effort | Platform | Project management | Software estimation | Testing,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2017-01-01,Article,"Subramanian, Girish H.;Pendharkar, Parag C.;Pai, Dinesh R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975458052,10.1109/HICSS.2016.668,A simplified model of software project dynamics,"In recent years, the metaphor of technical debt has received considerable attention, especially from the agile community. Still, despite the fact that agile practices are increasingly used in critical domains, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the occurrence of technical debt in critical software development projects. The results of an exploratory field study conducted across several projects reveal that a variety of business and environmental factors cause the occurrence of technical debt in critical domains. Using Grounded Theory method, these factors are categorized as ambiguity of requirement, diversity of projects, inadequate knowledge management, and resource constraints to form a theoretical model. Following previous studies we suggest that integrating agile practices, such as iterative development, review meetings, and continuous testing, into common plan-driven processes enables development teams to better identify and manage technical debt.",Agile methods | Grounded theory | Software development | Technical debt,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2016-03-07,Conference Paper,"Ghanbari, Hadi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940195502,10.1093/jpepsy/jsv019,"The effects of time pressure on No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure in software development: An agency model","Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how crossing under time pressure influences the pedestrian behaviors of children and adults. Methods: Using a highly immersive virtual reality system interfaced with a 3D movement measurement system, various indices of children's and adults' crossing behaviors were measured under time-pressure and no time-pressure conditions. Results: Pedestrians engaged in riskier crossing behaviors on time-pressure trials as indicated by appraising traffic for a shorter period before initiating their crossing, selecting shorter more hazardous temporal gaps to cross into, and having the car come closer to them (less time to spare). There were no age or sex differences in how time pressure affected crossing behaviors. Conclusions: The current findings indicate that, at all ages, pedestrians experience greater exposure to traffic dangers when they cross under time pressure.",children | injury risk | pedestrians | time pressure,Journal of Pediatric Psychology,2015-08-01,Article,"Morrongiello, Barbara A.;Corbett, Michael;Switzer, Jessica;Hall, Tom",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995752828,10.1027/1866-5888/a000119,"The economics of software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure assurance: a simulation-based case study","According to Barbara Adam, ""time is such an obvious factor in social science that it is almost invisible"". Indeed, Information Systems (IS) researchers have relied upon taken-for-granted assumptions about the nature of time and have built theories that are frequently silent about the temporal nature of our being in the world. This paper addresses two key questions about time in IS research: (i) what formulations of time are available to us in our research and (ii) how can these formulations be used in a coherent way in our research? In addressing the first question, two meta-formulations of time are examined. The first relates time to the sense of passing time expressed in successive readings of the clock. The second relates time to the experience of purposive, intentional, goal-directed behaviour. Our proposal is that IS researchers should be encouraged to identify the formulations of time that underpin their research. Our goal is to provide a framework to allow IS researchers to evaluate the fit between the goals of research and the temporal assumptions being used to underpin it and ultimately to investigate the extent to theories that are based on different assumptions about time can be combined or integrated.",Information systems | Materiality | Temporality | Theorising,"24th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"O'Riordan, Niamh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928392897,10.1007/s13369-015-1597-x,System dynamics modeling of an inspection-based process,"The complexity of software projects is growing with the increasing complexity of software systems. The pressure to fit schedules within shorter periods of time leads to initial project schedules with a complex logic. These schedules are often highly susceptible to any subsequent delays in project activities. Thus, techniques need to be developed to determine the quality of a software project schedule. Most of the existing measures of schedule quality define the goodness of a schedule in terms of its network complexity. However, these measures fail to estimate the flexibility of a schedule, that is, the extent to which a schedule can withstand delays without requiring extensive changes. The relatively few schedule flexibility measures that exist in literature suffer from several drawbacks such as lack of a theoretical foundation, not having a definite scale and not being able to distinguish between schedules with similar network topologies. In this paper, we address these issues by defining two flexibility measures for software project schedules, namely path shift and value shift, which, respectively, predict the impact of changes in activity durations on the critical paths and the critical value of a schedule. Inspired by the notion of betweenness centrality, these measures are theoretically sound, have a well-defined scale, and require little computational effort. Furthermore, by several examples and two real-life software project case studies, we demonstrate that these measures outperform the existing flexibility measures in clearly discriminating between the flexibility of software project schedules having very similar topologies.",Betweenness centrality | Schedule flexibility | Social network analysis | Software project | Software project schedule,Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2015-05-01,Article,"Khan, Muhammad Ali;Mahmood, Sajjad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929504480,10.1080/00140139.2015.1005163,Managing software engineering knowledge,"Diagnosis performance is critical for the safety of high-consequence industrial systems. It depends highly on the information provided, perceived, interpreted and integrated by operators. This article examines the influence of information congruence (congruent information vs. conflicting information vs. missing information) and its interaction with time pressure (high vs. low) on diagnosis performance on a simulated platform. The experimental results reveal that the participants confronted with conflicting information spent significantly more time generating correct hypotheses and rated the results with lower probability values than when confronted with the other two levels of information congruence and were more prone to arrive at a wrong diagnosis result than when they were provided with congruent information. This finding stresses the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems. Time pressure significantly influenced display switching frequency and completion time. This result indicates the decisive role of time pressure. Practitioner Summary: This article examines the influence of information congruence and its interaction with time pressure on human diagnosis performance on a simulated platform. For complex systems in the process control industry, the results stress the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems.",complex systems | diagnosis performance | information congruence | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-06-03,Article,"Chen, Kejin;Li, Zhizhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928731902,10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2014.0087,Agile project management: steering from the edges,"Pilots monitor all kinds of instrument information by visual searching during flight. This process was studied to explore the effects of time pressure and search difficulty on visual searching, aiming to provide scientific basis for the ergonomic design of display interface of aircraft cockpit. A visual searching program was designed to simulate the display interface. Before conducting formal experiment, the classified ranges of time pressure and searching difficulty were evaluated by pre-experiment. Using SPSS 19.0, analyses such as double factor variance analysis, simple main effect, and regression analysis were conducted on the response correct rate and response time obtained by the formal experiment. The following conclusions were obtained, different levels of time pressure and search difficulty all have significant effect on the response accurate rate; search difficulty has obvious effect on the response time which has a linearly increasing relationship with distractor number; under high correct rate situation, that is within the human cognitive abilities, time pressure haven't such effect on the response time. In ergonomical study of display interface in plane cockpit, good match of time pressure and searching difficulty could obtain better searching performance.",Ergonomics | Interface | Search difficulty | Time pressure | Visual search,Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015-02-01,Article,"Fan, Xiaoli;Zhou, Qianxiang;Liu, Zhongqi;Xie, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872011953,10.1109/TSE.2012.17,A view of 20th and 21st century software engineering,"Research into developing effective computer aided techniques for planning software projects is important and challenging for software engineering. Different from projects in other fields, software projects are people-intensive activities and their related resources are mainly human resources. Thus, an adequate model for software project planning has to deal with not only the problem of project task scheduling but also the problem of human resource allocation. But as both of these two problems are difficult, existing models either suffer from a very large search space or have to restrict the flexibility of human resource allocation to simplify the model. To develop a flexible and effective model for software project planning, this paper develops a novel approach with an event-based scheduler (EBS) and an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The proposed approach represents a plan by a task list and a planned employee allocation matrix. In this way, both the issues of task scheduling and employee allocation can be taken into account. In the EBS, the beginning time of the project, the time when resources are released from finished tasks, and the time when employees join or leave the project are regarded as events. The basic idea of the EBS is to adjust the allocation of employees at events and keep the allocation unchanged at nonevents. With this strategy, the proposed method enables the modeling of resource conflict and task preemption and preserves the flexibility in human resource allocation. To solve the planning problem, an ACO algorithm is further designed. Experimental results on 83 instances demonstrate that the proposed method is very promising. © 2013 IEEE.",Ant colony optimization (ACO) | Project scheduling | Resource allocation | Software project planning | Workload assignment,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2013-01-11,Article,"Chen, Wei Neng;Zhang, Jun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922763211,10.1080/00140139.2014.973914,Critical success factors for software projects: A comparative study,"We examined the systematic effects of display size on task performance as derived from a standard perceptual and cognitive test battery. Specifically, three experiments examined the influence of varying viewing conditions on response speed, response accuracy and subjective workload at four differing screen sizes under three different levels of time pressure. Results indicated a ubiquitous effect for time pressure on all facets of response while display size effects were contingent upon the nature of the viewing condition. Thus, performance decrement and workload elevation were evident only with the smallest display size under the two most restrictive levels of time pressure. This outcome generates a lower boundary threshold for display screen size for this order of task demand. Extrapolations to the design and implementation of all display sizes and forms of cognitive and psychomotor demand are considered.",accuracy | display size | response capacity | speed | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-03-04,Article,"Hancock, P. A.;Sawyer, B. D.;Stafford, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951096288,10.1007/978-3-319-24917-9_9,Software engineering: principles and practice,"Optimising communications to take account of user states is a nascent, huge and growing business opportunity for the retail and advertising worlds. Understanding people’s behaviours, thoughts and emotions to different messages in different contexts at different times, can inform the strategic planning and design of systems promoting positive customer experiences and increasing retail sales. Using theory combined with applied insights from our projects, this paper highlights a number of factors (mindset, attention, focus, time pressure and salience) that drive ‘search’ behaviour in a dynamic retail based environment. The work has implications for developing symbiotic systems.",Adaptive | Advertising | Affective systems | Attention | Closed | Customer | Focus | Human-computer | Interaction | Marketing | Mindset | Open | Perceptual prominence | Responsive | Retail | Salience | Shopper | Symbiosis | Symbiotic | Technology-mediated | Time pressure,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lessiter, Jane;Ferrari, Eva;Coppi, Alessia Eletta;Freeman, Jonathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84924853532,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.02.001,Project work: the organisation of collaborative design and development in software engineering,"Abstract This study aims to explore the determinants of online knowledge adoption with respect to informational and normative social influences. Existing studies on online knowledge adoption have primarily focused on the perspective of knowledge provider. Knowledge recipients, however, also play a fundamental role in knowledge adoption. Informational and normative social influence theory is utilized as the theoretical foundation to investigate the influences of informational and normative factors on online knowledge adoption. Based on the theories and previous literature, this study proposes a theoretical model of knowledge adoption, in which knowledge quality and source credibility serve as informational determinants, whereas knowledge consensus and knowledge rating serve as normative determinants. In addition, time pressure is hypothesized to be a moderator that impacts the dual evaluation process toward knowledge adoption. Data collected from 510 respondents was tested against the research model using the partial least squares approach. The findings demonstrate that both informational and normative determinants had positive effects on knowledge adoption, while the moderating test indicates that time pressure exerted influences with different directions on the two evaluation processes of adopting behavior. Theoretical and practical contributions are also outlined.",Informational and normative influence | Knowledge adoption | Time pressure | Virtual community,International Journal of Information Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Chou, Chien Hsiang;Wang, Yi Shun;Tang, Tzung I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051778081,10.2307/23044054,A survey on software cost estimation in the chinese software industry,"Although information systems researchers have long recognized the possibility for collective-level information technology use patterns and outcomes to emerge from individual-level IT use behaviors, few have explored the key properties and mechanisms involved in this bottom-up IT use process. This paper seeks to build a theoretical framework drawing on the concepts and the analytical tool of complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory. The paper presents a CAS model of IT use that encodes a bottom-up IT use process into three interrelated elements: agents that consist of the basic entities of actions in an IT use process, interactions that refer to the mutually adaptive behaviors of agents, and an environment that represents the social organizational contexts of IT use. Agent-based modeling is introduced as the analytical tool for computationally representing and examining the CAS model of IT use. The operationability of the CAS model and the analytical tool are demonstrated through a theory-building exercise translating an interpretive case study of IT use to a specific version of the CAS model. While Orlikowski (1996) raised questions regarding the impacts of employee learning, IT flexibility, and workplace rigidity on IT-based organization transformation, the CAS model indicates that these factors in individual-level actions do not have a direct causal linkage with organizational-level IT use patterns and outcomes. This theory-building exercise manifests the intriguing nature of the bottom-up IT use process: collective-level IT use patterns and outcomes are the logical and yet often unintended or unforeseeable consequences of individual-level behaviors. The CAS model of IT use offers opportunities for expanding the theoretical and methodological scope of the IT use literature.",Agent-based modeling | Bottom-up IT use | Collective-level IT use | Complex adaptive systems | Individual-level IT use,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2011-01-01,Review,"Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053000562,10.1093/jopart/muq045,Software engineering with Ada,"Facilitators that use a collaborative governance approach are regularly pushed, mandated, or naturally desire to achieve broad inclusion of stakeholders in collaborations. How to achieve such inclusion is an important but often overlooked aspect of implementation. To fully realize the value of collaborative governance, we investigate how institutional design choices made about inclusion practices during the critical early stages of collaboration affect stakeholders' expectations of each other's contribution to a civic program and subsequently influences collaboration process outcomes. Informed by field observations from uniquely successful community health programs, we identify two institutional design choices related to inclusion that are associated with favorable group outcomes. The first design process uses time instrumentally to build trust and commitment in the collaboration, whereas the second design process includes new participants thoughtfully to limit their risk exposure. Based on experimental economics, strategic behaviors of stakeholders are formalized as a minimum effort coordination game in a multiagent model. A series of simulated experiments are conducted to gain fine-grained understanding of how the two design processes uniquely engender and reinforce commitment among stakeholders, minimize uncertainty, and increase the likelihood of positive process outcomes. For practitioners, the findings suggest how to navigate collaboration tensions during the early stages of their development while still respecting the competing need for stakeholder inclusiveness. The theoretical framework and the multiagent method of this study embrace the complexity of collaborative processes and trace how each intervention uniquely contributes to increases in trust and commitment. © The Author 2010.",,Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2011-10-01,Article,"Johnston, Erik W.;Hicks, Darrin;Nan, Ning;Auer, Jennifer C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21644438112,10.1007/s00426-014-0542-z,A system dynamics software process simulator for staffing policies decision support,"Modern workplaces often bring together virtual teams where some members are collocated, and some participate remotely. We are using a simulation game to study collaborations of 10-person groups, with five collocated members and five isolates (simulated 'telecommuters'). Individual players in this game buy and sell 'shapes' from each other in order to form strings of shapes, where strings represent joint projects, and each individual players' shapes represent their unique skills. We found that the collocated people formed an in-group, excluding the isolates. But, surprisingly, the isolates also formed an in-group, mainly because the collocated people ignored them and they responded to each other. Copyright 2004 ACM.",Collocation | Computer-mediated communication | Distant collaboration | Distributed group work | Telecommuting | Telework | Virtual teams,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Shami, N. Sadat;Olson, Judith S.;Cheshin, Arik;Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745862757,10.5465/amj.2012.0468,Avoiding classic mistakes [software engineering],"Under what circumstances might a group member be better off as a long-distance participant rather than collocated? We ran a set of experiments to study how partially-distributed groups collaborate when skill sets are unequally distributed. Partially distributed groups are those where some collaborators work together in the same space (collocated) and some work remotely using computer-mediated communications. Previous experiments had shown that these groups tend to form semi-autonomous 'in-groups'. In this set of experiments the configuration was changed so that some player skills were located only in the collocated space, and some were located only remotely, creating local surplus of some skills and local scarcity of others in the collocated room. Players whose skills were locally in surplus performed significantly worse. They experienced 'collocation blindness' and failed to pay enough attention to collaborators outside of the room. In contrast, the remote players whose skills were scarce inside the collocated room did particularly well because they charged a high price for their skills. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Co-location | Collaboration networks | Collocation | Computer-mediated communication | Distributed work | Telecommuting | Telework | Virtual teams,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2006-07-17,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Olson, Judith S.;Nan, Ning;Shami, N. Sadat;Hoch, Susannah;Johnston, Erik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44049108931,10.1108/13673270810875895,Utilization of process modeling and simulation in understanding the effects of requirements volatility in software development,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore effective incentive design that can address the information asymmetry in knowledge sharing processes and variability of the intangible nature of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach - A principal-agent model is first developed to formulate the asymmetry of information in knowledge sharing. Then, a set of optimal incentive solutions are derived from the principal-agent model for knowledge types with specific levels of intangibility. Findings - For knowledge with low level of intangibility (e.g. data), a target payment scheme is optimal. For knowledge with medium level of intangibility (e.g. expressible tacit knowledge), the optimal incentive solution is a function of management's ability to infer employees' effort from knowledge sharing results. For knowledge with high level of intangibility (e.g. inexpressible tacit knowledge), there is no payment scheme that can be derived from the principal-agent model to encourage employees to share knowledge. Research limitations/implications - The principal-agent model developed by this study complements the previous game theoretic models and market mechanisms in incentive design. The applicability of the findings can be improved by further empirical analysis. Practical implications - There is no one-size-fits-all incentive solution. The better the management can infer the effort level of employees from the reusability of the shared knowledge, the more effective the incentive schemes are. Knowledge management technologies can facilitate the application of the incentive design. Originality/value - This paper explicitly addresses the problem of information asymmetry in incentive design. It aligns a schedule of incentive schemes with the classification of knowledge based on intangibility. The schedule of incentive schemes leads to better understanding of the value of technologies in supporting knowledge sharing activities.",Design | Incentives (psychology) | Knowledge sharing,Journal of Knowledge Management,2008-05-27,Article,"Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846085510,10.1145/1056808.1056999,Software engineering for automotive systems: A roadmap,"In studies of virtual teams, it is difficult to determine pure effects of geographic isolation and uneven communication technology. We developed a multi-agent computer model in NetLogo to complement laboratory-based organizational simulations [3]. In the lab, favoritism among collocated team members (collocators) appeared to increase their performance. However, in the computer simulation, when controlled for communication delay, in-group favoritism had a detrimental effect on the performance of collocators. This suggested that the advantage of collocators shown in the lab was due to synchronous communication, not favoritism. The canceling-out effects of in-group bias and communication delay explained why many studies did not see performance difference between collocated and remote team members. The multi-agent modeling in this case proved its value by both clarifying previous laboratory findings and guiding design of future experiments.",Computer supported cooperative work | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multiagent modeling | Virtual team,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.;Bos, Nathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70749110056,10.17705/1jais.00186,System dynamics in project management: assessing the impacts of client behaviour on project performance,"Significant prior research has shown that facilitation is a critical part of GSS transition. This study examines an under-researched aspect of facilitation-its contributions to self-sustained GSS use among group members. Integrating insights from Adaptive Structuration Theory, experimental economics, and the Collaboration Engineering literature, we formalize interactions of group members in GSS transition as strategic interactions in a minimum-effort coordination game. The contributions of facilitation are interpreted as coordination mechanisms to help group members achieve and maintain an agreement on GSS use by reducing uncertainties in the coordination game. We implement the conjectured coordination mechanisms in a multi-agent simulator. The simulator offers insights into the separate and combined effects of common facilitation practices during the lifecycle of GSS transition. These insights can help the Collaboration Engineering community to identify and package the facilitation routines that are critical for group members to achieve self-sustained GSS use and understand how facilitation routines should be adapted to different stages of GSS transition lifecycle. Moreover, they indicate the value of the multi-agent approach in uncovering new insights and representing the issue of GSS transition with a new view. © 2009, by the Association for Information Systems.",Collaboration Engineering | Coordination game | GSS facilitation | Multi-agent model,Journal of the Association for Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869111043,10.1145/1056808.1057056,Software Engineering Body of Knowledge,"This experimental study looks at how relocation affected the collaboration patterns of partially-distributed work groups. Partially distributed teams have part of their membership together in one location and part joining at a distance. These teams have some characteristics of collocated teams, some of distributed (virtual) teams, and some dynamics that are unique. Previous experiments have shown that these teams are vulnerable to in-groups forming between the collocated and distributed members. In this study we switched thelocations of some of the members about halfway through the experiment to see what effect it would have on these ingroups. People who changed from being isolated 'telecommuters' to collocators very quickly formed new collaborative relationships. People who were moved out of a collocated room had more trouble adjusting, and tried unsuccessfully to maintain previous ties. Overall, ollocation was a more powerful determiner of collaboration patterns than previous relationships. Implications and future research are discussed.",Collocation | Computer mediated communication | Partially-distributed work | Travel | Virtual teams,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Olson, Judith;Cheshin, Arik;Kim, Yong Suk;Nan, Ning;Shami, N. Sadat",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947279717,10.1007/978-3-319-20373-7_1,System dynamics in project management: a comparative analysis with traditional methods,"Contemporary Driving Automation (DA) is quickly approaching a level where partial autonomy will be available, relying on transferring control back to the driver when the operational limits of DA is reached. To explore what type of information drivers might prefer in control transitions an online test was constructed. The participants are faced with a set of still pictures of traffic situations of varying complexity levels and with different time constraints as situations and time available is likely to vary in real world scenarios. The choices drivers made were then assessed with regards to the contextual and temporal information available to participants. The results indicate that information preferences are dependent both on the complexity of the situation presented as well as the temporal constraints. The results also show that the different temporal and contextual conditions had an effect on decision-making time, where participants orient themselves quicker in the low complexity situations or when the available time is restricted. Furthermore, the method seem to identify changes in behaviour caused by varying the traffic situation and external time pressure. If the results can be validated against a more realistic setting, this particular method may prove to be a cost effective, easily disseminated tool which has potential to gather valuable insights about what information drivers prioritize when confronted with different situations.",Adaptation to task demands | Decision making | Driving automation | Online survey,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Eriksson, Alexander;Marcos, Ignacio Solis;Kircher, Katja;Västfjäll, Daniel;Stanton, Neville A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846085510,10.1145/1056808.1056999,The effects of individual XP practices on software development effort,"In studies of virtual teams, it is difficult to determine pure effects of geographic isolation and uneven communication technology. We developed a multi-agent computer model in NetLogo to complement laboratory-based organizational simulations [3]. In the lab, favoritism among collocated team members (collocators) appeared to increase their performance. However, in the computer simulation, when controlled for communication delay, in-group favoritism had a detrimental effect on the performance of collocators. This suggested that the advantage of collocators shown in the lab was due to synchronous communication, not favoritism. The canceling-out effects of in-group bias and communication delay explained why many studies did not see performance difference between collocated and remote team members. The multi-agent modeling in this case proved its value by both clarifying previous laboratory findings and guiding design of future experiments.",Computer supported cooperative work | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multiagent modeling | Virtual team,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.;Bos, Nathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1080/1359432X.2013.858701,Qualitative simulation model for software engineering process,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945419207,10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2015.05.010,"Software metrics: good, bad and missing","In order to solve the problem that the unreasonable layout of the HMDs (helmet mounted display system) interface information icon may lead to pilots' misreading information, the interface of HMDs is divided and 67 kinds of layout are summarized when 3, 5, 7 icons' are displayed. Base on three icon characteristics, including solid, 40% pellucidity and hollow, the advantages and disadvantages of each form are analyzed through comparing the searching task accuracy and reaction time performed by subjects. The experimental results show that the position and quantity of icons displaying in the HMDs interface have influence on target searching and memorizing. With the increase of the number of icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy decreases and reaction time increases. Under the same time pressure, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for three different kinds of icons are different. When there are three icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for hollow icons is the highest. However, when there are 7 icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for solid icons is the highest. There is no significant difference of the memorizing accuracy for solid icons and 40% pellucidity icons.",HMDs (helmet mounted display system) | Human computer interaction interface | Interface icon | Interface layout,Dongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition),2015-09-20,Article,"Shao, Jiang;Xue, Chengqi;Wang, Haiyan;Tang, Wencheng;Zhou, Xiaozhou;Chen, Mo;Chen, Xiaojiao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-41349091408,10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4,System dynamics in software project management: towards the development of a formal integrated framework,"In studies about office arrangements that have individuals working from remote locations, researchers usually hypothesize advantages for collocators and disadvantages for remote workers. However, empirical findings have not shown consistent support for the hypothesis. We suspect that there are unintended consequences of collocation, which can offset well-recognized advantages of being collocated. To explain these unintended consequences, we developed a multi-agent model to complement our laboratory-based experiment. In the lab, collocated subjects did not perform better than the remote even though collocators had faster communication channels and in-group favor towards each other. Results from the multi-agent simulation suggested that in-group favoritism among collocators caused them to ignore some important resource exchange opportunities with remote individuals. Meanwhile, communication delay of remote subjects protected them from some falsely biased perception of resource availability. The two unintended consequences could offset the advantage of being collocated and diminish performance differences between collocators and remote workers. Results of this study help researchers and practitioners recognize the hidden costs of being collocated. They also demonstrate the value of coupling lab experiments with multi-agent simulation. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.",Collaboration | Communication delay | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multi-agent simulation,Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory,2008-06-01,Article,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870967634,10.13085/eIJTUR.12.1.133-152,The impact of schedule pressure on software development: A behavioral perspective,"In this multi-method study, we combine a longitudinal field study and agent-based modeling to examine the social construction process of user beliefs of collaborative technology over time. We argue that the primary methods in the technology acceptance literature-variance-based analysis and interpretive case study-are limited in understanding the reciprocal social influence process inherent to user beliefs of collaborative technology. Drawing on Bijker's (1995) social construction of technology theory and Salancik and Pfeffer's (1978) social information processing theory, research questions regarding the social construction of user beliefs are developed. We describe the longitudinal field study and agent-based modeling employed for answering the research questions. The future steps of this research-in-progress are outlined. We discuss the implications of this study at the end.",Agent-based model | Collaborative technology | Multi-method research | Social construction of technology,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Yoo, Youngjin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939209955,10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.298,Competencies of exceptional and nonexceptional software engineers,"Mitigating human errors is a priority in the design of complex systems, especially through the use of body area networks. This paper describes early developments of a dynamic data driven platform to predict operator error and trigger appropriate intervention before the error happens. Using a two-stage process, data was collected using several sensors (e.g., electroencephalography, pupil dilation measures, and skin conductance) during an established protocol - the Stroop test. The experimental design began with a relaxation period, 40 questions (congruent, then incongruent) without a timer, a rest period followed by another two rounds of questions, but under increased time pressure. Measures such as workload and engagement showed responses consistent with what is expected for Stroop tests. Dynamic system analysis methods were then used to analyze the raw data using principal components analysis and the least squares complex exponential method. The results show that the algorithms have the potential to capture mental states in a mathematical fashion, thus enabling the possibility of prediction.",Bio-sensors | Dynamic data-driven application systems (DDDAS) | Error detection | Least squares complex exponential (LSCE),Procedia Computer Science,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hu, Wan Lin;Meyer, Janette J.;Wang, Zhaosen;Reid, Tahira;Adams, Douglas E.;Prabnakar, Sunil;Chaturvedi, Alok R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746131,10.1287/mnsc.46.4.451.12056,"Requirements engineering and technology transfer: obstacles, incentives and improvement agenda","The information technology (IT) industry is characterized by rapid innovation and intense competition. To survive, IT firms must develop high quality software products on time and at low cost. A key issue is whether high levels of quality can be achieved without adversely impacting cycle time and effort. Conventional beliefs hold that processes to improve software quality can be implemented only at the expense of longer cycle times and greater development effort. However, an alternate view is that quality improvement, faster cycle time, and effort reduction can be simultaneously attained by reducing defects and rework. In this study, we empirically investigate the relationship between process maturity, quality, cycle time, and effort for the development of 30 software products by a major IT firm. We find that higher levels of process maturity as assessed by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity ModelTM are associated with higher product quality, but also with increases in development effort. However, our findings indicate that the reductions in cycle time and effort due to improved quality outweigh the increases from achieving higher levels of process maturity. Thus, the net effect of process maturity is reduced cycle time and development effort.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947615318,10.1016/j.engappai.2015.07.010,Software engineering education: a roadmap,"Disasters are characterized by severe disruptions in society's functionality and adverse impacts on humans, environment and economy. Decision-making in times of crisis is complex and usually accompanied by acute time pressure. Environment can change rapidly and decisions may have to be made based on uncertain information. IT-based decision support can systematically help to identify response and recovery measures, especially when time for decision-making is sparse, when numerous options exist, or when events are not completely anticipated. This paper proposes a case- and scenario-based approach to supporting the management of nuclear events in the early and later phases. Important information needed for decision-making as well as approaches to reusing experience from previous events are discussed. This work is embedded in a decision support method to be applied to nuclear emergencies. Suitable management options based on similar historical events and scenarios could possibly be identified to support disaster management.",Case-based reasoning | Nuclear emergency management | Scenarios | Uncertainty,Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2015-11-01,Article,"Moehrle, Stella;Raskob, Wolfgang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038445906,10.1287/mnsc.49.6.784.16023,Working with objects: the OOram software engineering method,"This study draws upon theories of task interdependence and organizational inertia to analyze the effect of quality improvement on infrastructure activity costs in software development. Although increasing evidence indicates that quality improvement reduces software development costs, the impact on infrastructure activities is not known. Infrastructure activities include services like computer operations, data integration, and configuration management that support software development. Because infrastructure costs represent a substantial portion of firms' information technology budgets, it is important to identify innovations that yield significant cost savings in infrastructure activities. We evaluate quality and cost data collected in nine infrastructure activity centers over 10 years of product development in a major software firm undergoing a quality transformation. Findings indicate that infrastructure activities do benefit from quality improvement. The greatest marginal cost savings are realized in infrastructure activities that are highly interdependent with development and that occur later in the software development life cycle. Organizational inertia influences the rapidity with which the infrastructure activities benefit from higher product quality, especially for the more specialized activities. Finally, our findings suggest that although the savings in infrastructure from quality improvement are substantial, there are diminishing returns to quality improvement in infrastructure activities.",Capability maturity model | Infrastructure activity costs | Organizational inertia | Software process improvement | Software product development | Software quality,Management Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035627539,10.1287/isre.12.1.63.9717,Software penetration testing,"This research examines how decision makers manage their attentional resources when making a series of interdependent decisions in a real-time environment. Decision strategies for real-time dynamic tasks consist of two main overlapping cognitive activities: monitoring and control. Monitoring refers to decision makers' tracking of key system variables as they work toward arriving at a decision. Control refers to the decision maker's generation, evaluation, and selection of alternative actions. In real-time tasks, these two activities compete for the same attentional resources. The questions that motivate the two studies presented here are: (1) can decision making be improved by increasing individuals' attentional resources, thereby enhancing their ability to monitor the system, and (2) can decision making be improved by providing individuals with feedback and/or feedforward control support? Our findings show that some kinds of cognitive support degrade performance, rather than enhance it. These results indicate that providing support for real-time dynamic decision making may be very difficult, and that designing effective decision aids requires a detailed understanding of the underlying cognitive processes.",Decision Support | Dynamic Decision Making | Individual Differences | Real-Time Environments,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Lerch, F. Javier;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85138716145,10.1177/0023830914543286,Rapid development: taming wild software schedules,"Quality has emerged as a key issue in the development and deployment of software products (Haag et al. 1996; Prahalad and Krishnan 1999; Yourdon 1992). As software products play an increasingly critical role in supporting strategic business initiatives, it is important that these products function correctly and according to users’ specifications. The costs of poor software quality (in terms of reduced productivity, downtime, customer dissatisfaction, and injury) can be enormous. For example, the Help Desk Institute, an industry group based in Denver, estimates that in 1999, Americans spent 65 million minutes on “hold” waiting for help from software vendors in debugging software problems (Minasi 2000). An unresolved issue is how software quality can be improved. On the one hand, some software researchers and experts argue that quality can be tested into software products. That is, defective software products can eventually become “bug-free” through rigorous testing (Anthes 1997; Hanna 1995). However, on the other hand, there is a notion that quality must be designed or built into software products from the start (Fenton and Neil 1999). That is, quality in design predicts quality in later stages of the product life cycle. There is some empirical evidence to support this notion from Japanese software factories (Cusumano 1991), the NASA Space Shuttle program (Keller 1992), and a variety of projects at IBM (Buck and Robbins 1984). If the level of quality persists throughout a product’s life cycle, how can quality be designed into the product? In manufacturing, Bohn (1995) found evidence that process maturity (i.e., the sophistication, consistency, and effectiveness of manufacturing processes) was positively associated with product quality. This relationship is believed to exist because as a process becomes more mature and less variable, the outputs of the process (i.e., products) have a higher level of quality (Fenton and Neil 1999; Ryan 2000; Zahran 1998). In the context of software production, this implies that maturity of the software development process is essential to reducing process variability and thus improving the quality of software products (Humphrey 1988). There is some empirical support linking process maturity to software quality. For example, Diaz and Sligo (1997) found initial evidence of a positive relationship between process maturity and software quality at Motorola. Herbsleb et al. (1997) found additional anecdotal support of this relationship, but suggest that further research is needed to understand more precisely how process maturity and software quality are related. Determining whether process maturity is linked to software quality is important because, in practice, many managers still emphasize testing at the end of the development cycle instead of building in quality through better processes (Anthes 1997; Hanna 1995). Thus, this study has been designed to address the following question that is central to these issues: What is the relationship between process maturity and software quality over the product life cycle? We develop a conceptual framework (Figure 1) for assessing the relationship between process maturity and software quality at different stages of the product life cycle: development, implementation, and production. Our models are empirically evaluated using archival data collected on software products developed over 12 years by the systems integration division of an information technology company. Based upon our analysis, we identify the direct and indirect marginal effects of improved process maturity on software quality at the different stages of the software life cycle. Our results also provide insight into the question of whether quality is a persistent characteristic of software.",,"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2000",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864582601,10.1109/TSE.2011.63,A stochastic model of fault introduction and removal during software development,"As firms increasingly rely on information systems to perform critical functions, the consequences of software defects can be catastrophic. Although the software engineering literature suggests that software process improvement can help to reduce software defects, the actual evidence is equivocal. For example, improved development processes may only remove the ""easier"" syntactical defects, while the more critical defects remain. Rigorous empirical analyses of these relationships have been very difficult to conduct due to the difficulties in collecting the appropriate data on real systems from industrial organizations. This field study analyzes a detailed data set consisting of 7,545 software defects that were collected on software projects completed at a major software firm. Our analyses reveal that higher levels of software process improvement significantly reduce the likelihood of high severity defects. In addition, we find that higher levels of process improvement are even more beneficial in reducing severe defects when the system developed is large or complex, but are less beneficial in development when requirements are ambiguous, unclear, or incomplete. Our findings reveal the benefits and limitations of software process improvement for the removal of severe defects and suggest where investments in improving development processes may have their greatest effects. © 2012 IEEE.",CMM | defect severity | requirements ambiguity | Software complexity | software process,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2012-07-09,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Kemerer, Chris F.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042234557,10.1023/a:1018942122436,Software engineering with reusable components,"We describe the use of simulation-based experiments to assess the computer support needs of automation supervisors in the United States Postal Service (USPS). Because of the high cost of the proposed system, the inability of supervisors to articulate their computer support needs, and the infeasibility of direct experimentation in the actual work environment, we used a simulation to study end-user decision making, and to experiment with alternative computer support capabilities. In Phase One we investigated differences between expert and novice information search and decision strategies in the existing work environment. In Phase Two, we tested the impact of computer support features on performance. The empirical results of the two experiments showed how to differentially support experts and novices, and the effectiveness of proposed information systems before they were built. The paper concludes by examining the implications of the project for the software requirements engineering community.",,Annals of Software Engineering,1997-01-01,Article,"Javier Lerch, F.;Ballou, Deborah J.;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85010482255,10.1177/1541931215591384,How software project risk affects project performance: An investigation of the dimensions of risk and an exploratory model,"Rapid innovation, intense competition, and the drive to survive have compelled information technology (IT) firms to seek ways to develop high quality software quickly and productively. The critical issues faced by these firms are the inter-relationships, sometimes viewed as trade-offs, between quality, cycle time, and effort in the software development life cycle. Some believe that higher quality can only be achieved with increased development time and effort. Others argue that higher quality results in less rework, with shorter development cycles and reduced effort. In this study, we investigate the inter-relationships between software process improvement, quality, cycle time, and effort. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the effect of software process improvement and software quality on all activities in the software development life cycle. We find that software process improvement leads to higher quality and that process improvement and quality are associated with reduced cycle time, development effort, and supporting activity effort (e.g., configuration management, quality assurance). We are in the process of examining the effect of process improvement and quality on post-deployment maintenance activities.",IS development effort | IS development time | Software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 1998",1998-12-13,Conference Paper,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85088774088,10.2118/177506-ms,Software-engineering research revisited,"Organizations are always looking to approach production in innovative ways that will boost the results, increase productivity, cut down slack time and increase revenue while keeping the risks of HSE failures and asset integrity incidents down to a minimum. The challenges are greater when time pressure comes into play. Consequently when an operational rig is shutdown for maintenance it becomes important to execute the project in a shortest time while ensuring uncompromising HSE, Quality and Asset Integrity standards. NDC examined its practices and put in place an innovative process and named this initiative Excellence in Projects (EiP). Simply put the Excellence in Projects follows the typical path of planning, execution, reviewing, and then once again planning. It follows the classic Deming cycle of PDCA and translates this in project terms. Starting with an assumption of a ""perfect world"" with unlimited resources in terms of funds, material and manpower, the EiP allows teams to plan a Perfect Project on paper. The requirement is to come up with a perfect time and quality output - best quality with the shortest time. The output of this ideal project is then transferred into real-life actions taking account of the actual projects constraints. The final result is the happy medium of truly achievable goals against challenging odds. The project is allowed to run and the lessons learnt are captured on completion and feed into the next project thus ensuring a continuous improvement cycle at all times. This paper is a case study on the successful implementation of this EiP project, using set KPIs and scoring systems, yielding excellent benefits not just in time and cost saving but also Team Building, Quality, Reliability and above all HSE and Asset Integrity.",,"Society of Petroleum Engineers - Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, ADIPEC 2015",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Pushkarna, A.;Mathew, R.;Al-Suwaidi, A. S.;Malhotra, U. N.;Mukhtar, A.;Belbissi, F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1145/1877725.1877730,Modeling dynamics in agile software development,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84934268233,10.1111/ajsp.12099,The slippery path to productivity improvement,"Research in cross-cultural psychology suggests that East Asians hold holistic thinking styles whereas North Americans hold analytic thinking styles. The present study examines the influence of cultural thinking styles on the online decision-making processes for Hong Kong Chinese and European Canadians, with and without time constraints. We investigated the online decision-making processes in terms of (1) information search speed, (2) quantity of information used, and (3) type of information used. Results show that, without time constraints, Hong Kong Chinese, compared to European Canadians, spent less time on decisions and parsed through information more efficiently, and Hong Kong Chinese attended to both important and less important information, whereas European Canadians selectively focused on important information. No cultural differences were found in the quantity of information used. When under time constraints, all cultural variations disappeared. The dynamics of cultural differences and similarities in decision-making are discussed.",Analytic versus holistic thinking styles | Cultural difference | Cultural similarity | Decision-making | Information search | Time pressure,Asian Journal of Social Psychology,2015-02-01,Article,"Li, Liman Man Wai;Masuda, Takahiko;Russell, Matthew J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84924290957,10.1109/IDT.2014.7038576,Splitting the organization and integrating the code: Conway's law revisited,Historically test engineers have had the problem that during debug of initial silicon that they are asked to characterize certain parts of the device. This adds time pressure as this is never part of the test quotation which also adds cost pressure since this takes extra test time and tester time to develop. The following topic will discuss a simple to develop method that will characterize a filter using a chirp to sweep the filters' frequency range. The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) behind this will also be covered.,,"Proceedings of 2014 9th International Design and Test Symposium, IDT 2014",2015-02-10,Conference Paper,"Sarson, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84979885707,10.1023/a:1018997029222,Why don't they practice what we preach?,"An observational case study and an observation method are presented in this paper. The goal of the observation method is to identify, observe, document and analyse crisis situations in engineering product development teams. Crisis situations are characterized as unexpected or undesired situations with time pressure and pressure to act. The case study observes an academic student team designing and developing a racing car, as part of an inter-university racing car challenge. An introduction about case study design and a classification of the presented case study is given. The various steps in the observation method are described with the corresponding tools used in each step. Further, the application of this method is also explained and an initial framework of crisis situation is shown.",Human behaviour in design | Observational study | Research methodologies and methods crisis management | Risk management,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Muenzberg, Christopher;Venkataraman, Srinivasan;Hertrich, Nicolas;Fruehling, Carl;Lindemann, Udo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963701146,10.3233/978-1-61499-589-0-68,Strategies for lifecycle concurrency and iteration–A system dynamics approach,"In real-time strategy games players make decisions and control their units simultaneously. Players are required to make decisions under time pressure and should be able to control multiple units at once in order to be successful. We present the design and implementation of a multi-agent interface for the real-time strategy game STARCRAFT: BROOD WAR. This makes it possible to build agents that control each of the units in a game. We make use of the Environment Interface Standard, thus enabling different agent programming languages to use our interface, and we show how agents can control the units in the game in the Jason and GOAL agent programming languages.",Agent programming languages | Environment interface standard | Multi-agent systems | Real-time strategy games,Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jensen, Andreas Schmidt;Kaysø-Rørdam, Christian;Villadsen, Jørgen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748883711,10.1109/BDIM.2007.375007,Project risk management,"Incident management is the process through which the IT support organization manages to restore normal service operation as quickly as possible and with minimum disruption to the business. One of the ultimate measures of an IT support organization's success is the amount of time it takes to resolve an incident. Reducing this value not only reduces total cost and resource allocation but also increases customer satisfaction, which is one of the most important measures of a support center's performance. However, the support organization is often unable to collect data on their performance, let alone experiment with the consequences of reshuffling the organization and playing with alternative staffing levels. In this paper, we present our approach to assessing and improving the performance of an IT support organization in managing service incidents, based on the definition of a set of performance metrics and a methodology for guided analysis that allows a user to find the root causes of poor performance and decide on corrective actions to be taken. We provide validation of the approach by discussing its application a real-life case study of a leading IT provider for the airline industry. © 2007 IEEE.",Business-driven IT management (BDIM) | Business-oriented performance measures | Data warehousing | Decision support | Incident management | Information technology infrastructure library (ITIL) | Modeling | Performance evaluation,"Second IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management, BDIM 2007",2007-10-01,Conference Paper,"Barash, Gilad;Bartolini, Claudio;Wu, Liya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938405000,10.1371/journal.pone.0115756,Introduction to the team software process,"What makes people willing to pay costs to benefit others? Does such cooperation require effortful self-control, or do automatic, intuitive processes favor cooperation? Time pressure has been shown to increase cooperative behavior in Public Goods Games, implying a predisposition towards cooperation. Consistent with the hypothesis that this predisposition results from the fact that cooperation is typically advantageous outside the lab, it has further been shown that the time pressure effect is undermined by prior experience playing lab games (where selfishness is the more advantageous strategy). Furthermore, a recent study found that time pressure increases cooperation even in a game framed as a competition, suggesting that the time pressure effect is not the result of social norm compliance. Here, we successfully replicate these findings, again observing a positive effect of time pressure on cooperation in a competitively framed game, but not when using the standard cooperative framing. These results suggest that participants' intuitions favor cooperation rather than norm compliance, and also that simply changing the framing of the Public Goods Game is enough to make it appear novel to participants and thus to restore the time pressure effect.",,PLoS ONE,2014-12-31,Article,"Cone, Jeremy;Rand, David G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941631833,10.1016/B978-0-08-100063-2.00010-7,Successful software project and products: An empirical investigation,"This chapter examines how one librarian went from selling bras to providing reference service in an academic library. Although some decry the retail influence on reference work, retail experience can positively affect reference work. Bra fitters learn quickly that tact and sensitivity are required for a successful sale. Effective reference librarians employ those same skills with students. Students feel helpless when they ask a question, and admit they don't know how to find resources in the library. Stress is another common denominator between the two fields. The hectic pace that starts with Black Friday, and ends with returns the day after Christmas: is comparable the frenzied atmosphere present in a library at the end of a semester. Most importantly, retail provides extensive preparation for dealing with a wide variety of patrons.",Assessment skills | Fit for purpose | Public communication skills | Reference library | Retail experience | Time pressures,Skills to Make a Librarian: Transferable Skills Inside and Outside the Library,2015-01-01,Book Chapter,"Ewing, Robin L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946914081,10.1123/JAPA.2012-0241,Effects of schedule pressure on construction performance,"Thirty-one young (mean age = 20.8 years) and 30 older (mean age = 71.5 years) men and women categorized as physically active (n = 30) or inactive (n = 31) performed an executive processing task while standing, treadmill walking at a preferred pace, and treadmill walking at a faster pace. Dual-task interference was predicted to negatively impact older adults' cognitive fexibility as measured by an auditory switch task more than younger adults; further, participants' level of physical activity was predicted to mitigate the relation. For older adults, treadmill walking was accompanied by significantly more rapid response times and reductions in local- and mixed-switch costs. A speed-accuracy tradeoff was observed in which response errors increased linearly as walking speed increased, suggesting that locomotion under dual-task conditions degrades the quality of older adults' cognitive fexibility. Participants' level of physical activity did not infuence cognitive test performance.",Cognition | Dual-task interference | Information processing | Physical activity | Switch task,Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,2014-10-01,Article,"Tomporowski, Phillip D.;Audiffren, Michel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-42149120101,10.1145/1297846.1297873,Pathways to process maturity: The personal software process and team software process,"""No Silver Bullet"" is a classic software engineering paper that deserves revisiting. What if we had a chance to rewrite Brooks' article today? What have we learned about effective software development techniques over the last 20 years? Do we have some experiences that reinforce or contradict Brooks' thesis?",Complexity | Reuse,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mancl, Dennis;Fraser, Steven;Opdyke, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021199913,10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.02.005,The effects of schedule-driven project management in multi-project environments,,,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1984-01-01,Conference Paper,"Curtis, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0006845902,10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.063,Modelling the dynamics of design error induced rework in construction,,,Cutter IT Journal,1997-05-01,Article,"Curtis, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0347976263,10.1016/j.tele.2013.10.003,Embedded software engineering: The state of the practice,,,Cutter IT Journal,1997-10-01,Article,"Cusumano, Michael A.;Selby, Richard W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899931277,10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.144,Agile management for software engineering: Applying the theory of constraints for business results,We propose a formal approach to the problem of transforming uncertainty into risk via information revelation processes. Abstractions and formalizations regarding information acquisition processes are common in different areas of information sciences. We investigate the relationships between the way information is acquired and the continuity properties of revelation processes. A class of revelation processes whose continuity is characterized by how information is transmitted is introduced. This allows us to provide normative results regarding the continuity of the information acquisition processes of decision makers (DMs) and their ability to formulate probabilistic predictions within a given confidence range. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Continuity | Decision-making | Information acquisition | Time-pressure | Uncertainty,Information Sciences,2014-08-01,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904674229,10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00251,A review of software surveys on software effort estimation,"The study investigates the neurocognitive stages involved in the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). Contrary to previous approach, we did not manipulate speed and accuracy instructions: participants were required to be fast and accurate in a go/no-go task, and we selected post-hoc the groups based on the subjects' spontaneous behavioral tendency. Based on the reaction times, we selected the fast and slow groups (Speed-groups), and based on the percentage of false alarms, we selected the accurate and inaccurate groups (Accuracy-groups). The two Speed-groups were accuracy-matched, and the two Accuracy-groups were speed-matched. High density electroencephalographic (EEG) and stimulus-locked analyses allowed us to observe group differences both before and after the stimulus onset. Long before the stimulus appearance, the two Speed-groups showed different amplitude of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), reflecting the activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA); by contrast, the two Accuracy-groups showed different amplitude of the prefrontal negativity (pN), reflecting the activity of the right prefrontal cortex (rPFC). In addition, the post-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components showed differences between groups: the P1 component was larger in accurate than inaccurate group; the N1 and N2 components were larger in the fast than slow group; the P3 component started earlier and was larger in the fast than slow group. The go minus no-go subtractive wave enhancing go-related processing revealed a differential prefrontal positivity (dpP) that peaked at about 330 ms; the latency and the amplitude of this peak were associated with the speed of the decision process and the efficiency of the stimulusresponse mapping, respectively. Overall, data are consistent with the view that speed and accuracy are processed by two interacting but separate neurocognitive systems, with different features in both the anticipation and the response execution phases. © 2014 Perri, Berchicci, Spinelli and Di Russo.",Bereitschaftspotential (BP) | Decision making | EEG | Event related potentials (ERPs) | Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,2014-07-22,Article,"Perri, Rinaldo Livio;Berchicci, Marika;Spinelli, Donatella;Di Russo, Francesco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928821540,10.1007/978-94-017-8975-2_16,A hybrid software process simulation model for project management,"As the largest country in the Asia Pacific with rapid industrialization, China is undergoing dramatic economic and social transformation which has a huge impact on work and employment, and workers' experiences of wellbeing. The key psychosocial factors at work, such as time pressure, workload, and job insecurity have been increasingly recognized for their adverse impact on levels of employee wellbeing. However, work-family conflict is a phenomenon which has received less attention in Chinese research on psychosocial factors at work. This chapter provides a historical overview of work-family conflict within the Chinese context, which has been cultured by collectivism for thousands of years. The divergence and concordance between individualistic and collectivist cultures on work-family conflict are presented; and its antecedents, consequences, and gender differences are also explored, followed by two case studies from China. It is concluded that, in contemporary China, work-family conflict is an important psychosocial factor at work. Contradicting findings from Western societies, obvious gender-based work-family conflict in China is observed, whereby the breadwinner role is central for men, and extra work which interferes with family life temporarily is accepted commonly by family members for the sake of future benefits from men's career success. Thus, although Chinese men's work-to-family conflict is high, their wellbeing is majorly determined by family-to-work conflict. For Chinese women with more than 90 % participation rate in employment, they are still expected to take primary responsibilities for housework and child-rearing. As a result, Chinese women are exposed to a double burden from work and family, and their wellbeing is affected by both work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. In future, extended evidence by prospective investigations and intervention studies are needed to strengthen health-promoting work environments in China.",Employee wellbeing | Family-work conflict | Job Insecurity | Psychosocial factors at work in China | Time pressure | Work-family conflict | Workload,Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific,2014-07-01,Book Chapter,"Li, Jian;Angerer, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026207547,10.1287/mnsc.37.8.990,Defining and contributing to software development success,"Critical path models concerning project management (i.e. PERT/CPM) fail to account for work force behavioral effects on the expected project completion time. In this paper, we provide a modelling framework for project management activities, that ultimately accounts for expected worker behavior under Parkinson's Law. A stochastic activity completion time model is used to formally state Parkinson's Law. The developed model helps to examine the effects of information release policies on subcontractors of project activities, and to develop managerial policies for setting appropriate deadlines for series or parallel project activities.",,Management Science,1991-01-01,Article,"Gutierrez, Genaro J.;Kouvelis, Panagiotis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59149105834,10.1016/j.ijindorg.2008.07.002,Development of software effort and schedule estimation models using soft computing techniques,"In a framework of repeated-purchase experience goods with seller's moral hazard and imperfect monitoring, umbrella branding may improve the terms of the implicit contract between seller and buyers, whereby the seller invests in quality and buyers pay a high price. In some cases, umbrella branding leads to a softer punishment of product failure, which increases the seller's value. In other cases, umbrella branding leads to a harsher punishment of product failure, which allows for a reputational equilibrium that would otherwise be impossible. On the negative side, under umbrella branding one bad signal may kill two revenue streams, not one. Combining costs and benefits, I determine the set of parameter values such that umbrella branding is an optimal strategy. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Branding | Repeated games | Reputation,International Journal of Industrial Organization,2009-03-01,Article,"Cabral, Luís M.B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904764322,10.12733/jcis10347,Computer-aided software development process design,"The paper studies how to efficiently build series of Boosted cascades to fulfil different SPEED requirements for object detection. A novel cascade structure is proposed. The proposed cascade structure is composed of two different functional parts. The first part is a pre-processing cascaded classifier. It is designed to fulfil different speed requirements. The second part is a cascaded classifier which is the same as it is in the traditional method. It is designed to preserve the classification performance of the whole cascaded classifier. In the first part, series of optional cascaded classifiers are built with different computation costs. To improve the training efficiency, these series of cascaded classifier are built based on one single Boosted strong classifier by a search-based method. The searching algorithm runs iteratively. At each round, a cascaded classifier is built. The cascaded classifier from the last round is further utilized in the next round to build a faster cascaded classifier. Experiments on frontal face detection demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. State-of-art results are achieved with less computation cost. © 2014 Binary Information Press.",Cascade | Haar-like feature | Object detection | Speed,Journal of Computational Information Systems,2014-06-01,Article,"Yan, Shengye;Chang, Jinjin;Liu, Xuguang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946909299,10.1002/pchj.52,Risk management for collaborative software development,"We propose a conceptual model of how time pressure affects emotional well-being associated with mundane routine activities. A selective review of research in several areas affirms the plausibility of the conceptual model, which posits negative effects on emotional well-being of insufficient time allocated to restorative and other activities instrumental for attaining desirable work, family life, and leisure goals. Previous research also affirms that practicing time management can have indirect positive effects by decreasing time pressure, whereas material wealth can have both negative indirect effects and positive indirect effects by increasing and decreasing time pressure, respectively. Several issues remain to be studied empirically. The conceptual model is a ground for additional, preferably cross-cultural, research.",Emotional well-being | Time pressure | Western life style,PsyCh Journal,2014-06-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Krause, Kristina;Gamble, Amelie;Hartig, Terry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902324361,10.7554/eLife.02260,Characterizing the software process: a maturity framework,"Decision making often involves a tradeoff between speed and accuracy. Previous studies indicate that neural activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) represents the gradual accumulation of evidence toward a threshold level, or evidence bound, which terminates the decision process. The level of this bound is hypothesized to mediate the speed-accuracy tradeoff. To test this, we recorded from LIP while monkeys performed a motion discrimination task in two speed-accuracy regimes. Surprisingly, the terminating threshold levels of neural activity were similar in both regimes. However, neurons recorded in the faster regime exhibited stronger evidence-independent activation from the beginning of decision formation, effectively reducing the evidence-dependent neural modulation needed for choice commitment. Our results suggest that control of speed versus accuracy may be exerted through changes in decision-related neural activity itself rather than through changes in the threshold applied to such neural activity to terminate a decision. © Booth et al.",,eLife,2014-05-27,Article,"Hanks, Timothy D.;Kiani, Roozbeh;Shadlen, Michael N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041542962,10.1016/S0165-4896(99)00011-6,loyal opposition,"To allow conditioning on counterfactual events, zero probabilities can be replaced by infinitesimal probabilities that range over a non-Archimedean ordered field. This paper considers a suitable minimal field that is a complete metric space. Axioms similar to those in Anscombe and Aumann [Anscombe, F.J., Aumann, R.J., 1963. A definition of subjective probability, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 34, 199-205.] and in Blume et al. [Blume, L., Brandenburger, A., Dekel, E., 1991. Lexicographic probabilities and choice under uncertainty, Econometrica 59, 61-79.] are used to characterize preferences which: (i) reveal unique non-Archimedean subjective probabilities within the field; and (ii) can be represented by the non-Archimedean subjective expected value of any real-valued von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function in a unique cardinal equivalence class, using the natural ordering of the field. © Elsevier Science B.V.",,Mathematical social sciences,1999-01-01,Article,"Hammond, Peter J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896371281,10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000415,"Using design of experiments, sensitivity analysis, and hybrid simulation to evaluate changes to a software development process: a case study","The organizational and project-related practices adopted by design firms can influence the nature and ability of people to perform their tasks. In recognition of such influences, a structured survey questionnaire was used to determine the key factors contributing to design error costs in 139 Australian construction projects. Using stepwise multiple regressions, the significant organizational and project-related variables influencing design error costs are determined. The analysis revealed that the mean design error costs for the sample projects were 14.2% of the original contract value. Significant organizational and project factors influencing design error included inadequate training for employees and unrealistic design and documentation schedules required by clients. From the findings, key strategies for reducing design errors that are attributable to organization and project-related practices are identified. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.",Contract documentation | Costs | Design errors | Organization | Project | Schedule pressure,Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2014-04-01,Conference Paper,"Love, Peter E.D.;Lopez, Robert;Kim, Jeong Tai;Kim, Mi Jeong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896756057,10.1525/abt.2014.76.3.8,Requirements engineering and agile software development,"In order to challenge our undergraduate students' enduring misconception that plants, animals, and fungi must be ""advanced"" and that other eukaryotes traditionally called protists must be ""primitive,"" we have developed a 24-hour takehome guided inquiry and investigation of live Physarum cultures. The experiment replicates recent peer-reviewed research regarding speed - accuracy tradeoffs and reliably produces data with which students explore key biological concepts and practice essential scientific competencies. It requires minimal resources and can be adapted for high school students or more independent student investigations. We present statistical analyses of data from four semesters and provide examples of our strategies for student engagement and assessment. © 2014 by National Association of Biology Teachers. All rights reserved. Request permission to photocopy or reproduce article content at the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions Web site at.",Behavior | data analysis | model organisms | protists | speed-accuracy tradeoffs,American Biology Teacher,2014-03-01,Article,"Weeks, Andrea;Bachman, Beverly;Josway, Sarah;Laemmerzahl, Arndt F.;North, Brittany",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897593249,10.1037/xap000007,Conducting realistic experiments in software engineering,"Signal Detection Theory (SDT; Green & Swets, 1966) is a popular tool for understanding decision making. However, it does not account for the time taken to make a decision, nor why response bias might change over time. Sequential sampling models provide a way of accounting for speed-accuracy trade-offs and response bias shifts. In this study, we test the validity of a sequential sampling model of conflict detection in a simulated air traffic control task by assessing whether two of its key parameters respond to experimental manipulations in a theoretically consistent way. Through experimental instructions, we manipulated participants' response bias and the relative speed or accuracy of their responses. The sequential sampling model was able to replicate the trends in the conflict responses as well as response time across all conditions. Consistent with our predictions, manipulating response bias was associated primarily with changes in the model's Criterion parameter, whereas manipulating speed- accuracy instructions was associated with changes in the Threshold parameter. The success of the model in replicating the human data suggests we can use the parameters of the model to gain an insight into the underlying response bias and speed-accuracy preferences common to dynamic decision-making tasks. © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Criterion | Response bias | Sequential sampling model | Speed-accuracy | Threshold,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,2014-03-01,Article,"Vuckovic, Anita;Kwantes, Peter J.;Humphreys, Michael;Neal, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84894472668,10.1177/1403494813510984,Two dimensional multi-release software reliability modeling and optimal release planning,"Aims: To estimate the prevalence of time pressure experienced by parents in the Nordic countries and examine potential gender disparities as well as associations to parents’ family and/or living conditions. Methods: 5949 parents of children aged 2–17 years from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, participating in the 2011 version of the NordChild study, reported their experience of time pressure when keeping up with duties of everyday life. A postal questionnaire addressed to the most active caretaker of the child, was used for data gathering and logistic regression analysis applied. Results: The mother was regarded as the primary caregiver in 83.9% of the cases. Of the mothers, 14.2% reported that they experienced time pressure “most often”, 54.7 % reported “sometimes” and 31.1 % reported they did “not” experience time pressure at all. Time pressure was experienced by 22.2 % of mothers in Sweden, 18.4% in Finland, 13.7% in Norway and 3.9% in Denmark, and could be associated to lack of support, high educational level, financial stress, young child age and working overtime. Conclusions: The mother is regarded as the child’s primary caregiver among the vast majority of families in spite of living in societies with gender-equal family policies. The results indicate that time pressure is embedded in everyday life of mainly highly-educated mothers and those experiencing financial stress and/or lack of social support. No conclusion could be made about time pressure from the “normbreaking” fathers participating in the study, but associations were found to financial stress and lack of support. © 2013, the Nordic Societies of Public Health. All rights reserved.",Everyday life | health | Nordic countries | parents | time pressure | wellbeing,Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,2014-01-01,Article,"Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur;Povlsen, Lene;Petzold, Max",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947765642,10.1007/3-540-58951-1_128,The personal process in software engineering,"The personal software process (PSP) is a process-based method for teaching software engineering principles to software engineers. This one semester graduate or seniorlevel undergraduate course uses quality management principles and the capability maturity model (CMM) framework to demonstrate the benefits of applying sound engineering principles to software work. During the course, students learn how to plan and manage their work and how to apply process definition and measurement to their personal tasks.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1995-01-01,Conference Paper,"Humphrey, Watts S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,"A software project dynamics model for process cost, schedule and risk assessment","Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022766907,10.1109/MS.1986.234072,Staffing a software project: A constraint satisfaction and optimization-based approach,,,IEEE Software,1986-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,"Software engineering education in the era of outsourcing, distributed development, and open source software: challenges and opportunities","Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893937813,10.1057/kmrp.2012.61,Get Fat Fast: Surviving Stage‐Gate® in NPD,"This study considers the dilemma faced by employees every time a colleague requests knowledge: should they share their knowledge? We use adaptive cost theory and self-efficacy theory to examine how individual characteristics (i.e., self-efficacy and trait competitiveness) and situational perceptions (i.e., 'busyness' and perceived competition) affect knowledge sharing behaviours. A study was conducted with 403 students who completed a problem-solving exercise and who were permitted (but not required) to respond to requests for knowledge from people who were doing the same activity. Our results suggest that people who perceive significant time pressure are less likely to share knowledge. Trait competitiveness predicted perceived competition. This and low task self-efficacy created a sense of time pressure, which in turn led to people feeling 'too busy' to share their knowledge when it was requested. Perceived competition was not directly related to knowledge sharing. Implications for research and practitioners are discussed. © 2014 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",knowledge sharing | perceived competition | perceived time pressure | self-efficacy | trait competitiveness,Knowledge Management Research and Practice,2014-01-01,Article,"Connelly, Catherine E.;Ford, Dianne P.;Turel, Ofir;Gallupe, Brent;Zweig, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900209165,10.1007/s11043-013-9219-z,Principles of software engineering management,"Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) of unfilled as well as particle-filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(norbornene) was performed to compare their behavior as dampers. PDMS and PNB were filled with varying contents of spherical iron particles (aspect ratio of 1) and also different hardness formulations of the materials were characterized. The wicket-plot (tanδ vs. storage modulus) was considered therefore and all frequency- and temperature-dependent results were presented. Linear dependencies were observed for PDMS, even though the material did not reveal thermorheologically simple behavior. However, tanδ of PNB was a unique function of its storage modulus and so the material exhibited thermorheologically simple behavior. A linear shift factor over frequency-temperature and frequency-internal pressure (Fe-content) was found for PDMS. Master curves of PNB were constructed and reasonable results were achieved, which were due to their thermorheologically simple material behavior. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) | PDMS | PNB | Time-pressure superposition | Time-temperature superposition | Viscoelastic damper,Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials,2014-02-01,Article,"Çakmak, U. D.;Hiptmair, F.;Major, Z.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897042699,10.1080/14427591.2013.865153,Software engineering under deadline pressure,"In occupational science, occupation refers to the everyday things people need, want and are expected to do. One of these things is the act of travelling from one occupation to another. Conventional wisdom in modern societies suggests that the faster we do this, the better: the faster we travel, the further we move and the more productive we become. In this paper, I question this view, exploring a paradox whereby increasing the speed of travel as a strategy to cope with time pressure can lead to a loss of time, money and health. A holistic assessment of the costs of transport reveals that active modes of travel may reduce time pressures and help people rediscover natural connections between themselves and their world. I explain how a culture of speed promotes lifestyles that minimise the chances of children engaging in the healthy occupations of walking and cycling, and leads to a situation where larger numbers of people (adults and children) are engaged in less healthy occupations. In a multitude of ways, some of which have been largely overlooked in research on health or time pressure, active travel can improve the health of individuals, cities and the planet. © 2013 The Journal of Occupational Science Incorporated.",Active travel | Children | Health | Speed | Time pressure,Journal of Occupational Science,2014-01-02,Article,"Tranter, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905011963,10.3389/fnins.2014.00150,"The effects of time pressure on No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure in software development: An agency model","There are few behavioral effects as ubiquitous as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). From insects to rodents to primates, the tendency for decision speed to covary with decision accuracy seems an inescapable property of choice behavior. Recently, the SAT has received renewed interest, as neuroscience approaches begin to uncover its neural underpinnings and computational models are compelled to incorporate it as a necessary benchmark. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of SAT. First, I trace its history as a tractable behavioral phenomenon and the role it has played in shaping mathematical descriptions of the decision process. Second, I present a ""users guide"" of SAT methodology, including a critical review of common experimental manipulations and analysis techniques and a treatment of the typical behavioral patterns that emerge when SAT is manipulated directly. Finally, I review applications of this methodology in several domains. © 2014 Heitz.",Decision-making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Neuroscience,2014-01-01,Review,"Heitz, Richard P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000462221,10.1126/science.250.4985.1210,Global software testing under deadline pressure: Vendor-side experiences,"Organizational errors are often at the root of failures of critical engineering systems. Yet, when searching for risk management strategies, engineers tend to focus on technical solutions, in part because of the way risks and failures are analyzed. Probabilistic risk analysis allows assessment of the safety of a complex system by relating its failure probability to the performance of its components and operators. In this article, some organizational aspects are introduced to this analysis in an effort to describe the link between the probability of component failures and relevant features of the organization. Probabilities are used to analyze occurrences of organizational errors and their effects on system safety. Coarse estimates of the benefits of certain organizational improvements can then be derived. For jacket-type offshore platforms, improving the design review can provide substantial reliability gains, and the corresponding expense is about two orders of magnitude below the cost of achieving the same result by adding steel to structures.",,Science,1990-01-01,Article,"Paté-Cornell, M. Elisabeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85063003228,10.1080/14719037.2019.1577906,201 principles of software development,"Performance measurement (PM) has become increasingly popular in the management of public sector organizations (PSOs). This is somewhat paradoxical considering that PM has been criticized for having dysfunctional consequences. Although there are reasons to believe that PM may have dysfunctional consequences, when they occur has not been clarified. The aim of this research is to conceptualize the dysfunctional consequences of PM in PSOs. Based on complementarity theory and contingency theory we conclude that dysfunctional consequences of PM are a matter of interactions between PM design and PM use, between control practices in the control system and between PM and context.",control system | dysfunctional consequences | Performance measurement,Public Management Review,2019-12-02,Article,"Siverbo, Sven;Cäker, Mikael;Åkesson, Johan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905440934,10.1037/a0036801,The Liar's Club: concealing rework in concurrent development,"Decision-makers effortlessly balance the need for urgency against the need for caution. Theoretical and neurophysiological accounts have explained this tradeoffsolely in terms of the quantity of evidence required to trigger a decision (the ""threshold""). This explanation has also been used as a benchmark test for evaluating new models of decision making, but the explanation itself has not been carefully tested against data. We rigorously test the assumption that emphasizing decision speed versus decision accuracy selectively influences only decision thresholds. In data from a new brightness discrimination experiment we found that emphasizing decision speed over decision accuracy not only decreases the amount of evidence required for a decision but also decreases the quality of information being accumulated during the decision process. This result was consistent for 2 leading decision-making models and in a model-free test. We also found the same model-based results in archival data from a lexical decision task (reported by Wagenmakers, Ratcliff, Gomez, & McKoon, 2008) and new data from a recognition memory task. We discuss implications for theoretical development and applications. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Decision making | Evidence accumulation | Response time | Sequential sampling | Speed accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition,2014-01-01,Article,"Rae, Babette;Heathcote, Andrew;Donkin, Chris;Averell, Lee;Brown, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905457389,10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003700,A practical approach of teaching software engineering,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) is an adaptive process balancing urgency and caution when making decisions. Computational cognitive theories, known as ""evidence accumulation models"", have explained SATs via a manipulation of the amount of evidence necessary to trigger response selection. New light has been shed on these processes by single-cell recordings from monkeys who were adjusting their SAT settings. Those data have been interpreted as inconsistent with existing evidence accumulation theories, prompting the addition of new mechanisms to the models. We show that this interpretation was wrong, by demonstrating that the neural spiking data, and the behavioural data are consistent with existing evidence accumulation theories, without positing additional mechanisms. Our approach succeeds by using the neural data to provide constraints on the cognitive model. Open questions remain about the locus of the link between certain elements of the cognitive models and the neurophysiology, and about the relationship between activity in cortical neurons identified with decision-making vs. activity in downstream areas more closely linked with motor effectors. © 2014 Cassey et al.",,PLoS Computational Biology,2014-01-01,Article,"Cassey, Peter;Heathcote, Andrew;Brown, Scott D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897550404,10.1007/s00332-013-9191-4,Embedded software engineering: The state of the practice,"I describe the basic components of the nervous system - neurons and their connections via chemical synapses and electrical gap junctions - and review the model for the action potential produced by a single neuron, proposed by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) over 60 years ago. I then review simplifications of the HH model and extensions that address bursting behavior typical of motoneurons, and describe some models of neural circuits found in pattern generators for locomotion. Such circuits can be studied and modeled in relative isolation from the central nervous system and brain, but the brain itself (and especially the human cortex) presents a much greater challenge due to the huge numbers of neurons and synapses involved. Nonetheless, simple stochastic accumulator models can reproduce both behavioral and electrophysiological data and offer explanations for human behavior in perceptual decisions. In the second part of the paper I introduce these models and describe their relation to an optimal strategy for identifying a signal obscured by noise, thus providing a norm against which behavior can be assessed and suggesting reasons for suboptimal performance. Accumulators describe average activities in brain areas associated with the stimuli and response modes used in the experiments, and they can be derived, albeit non-rigorously, from simplified HH models of excitatory and inhibitory neural populations. Finally, I note topics excluded due to space constraints and identify some open problems. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.",Accumulator | Averaging | Bifurcation | Central pattern generator | Decision making | Drift-diffusion process | Mean field reduction | Optimality | Phase reduction | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Nonlinear Science,2014-01-01,Article,"Holmes, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893766505,10.1080/00140139.2013.854929,Software engineering: principles and practice,"The active learning hypothesis of the job-demand-control model [Karasek, R. A. 1979. ""Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign."" Administration Science Quarterly 24: 285-307] proposes positive effects of high job demands and high job control on performance. We conducted a 2 (demands: high vs. low) × 2 (control: high vs. low) experimental office workplace simulation to examine this hypothesis. Since performance during a work simulation is confounded by the boundaries of the demands and control manipulations (e.g. time limits), we used a post-test, in which participants continued working at their task, but without any manipulation of demands and control. This post-test allowed for examining active learning (transfer) effects in an unconfounded fashion. Our results revealed that high demands had a positive effect on quantitative performance, without affecting task accuracy. In contrast, high control resulted in a speed-accuracy tradeoff, that is participants in the high control conditions worked slower but with greater accuracy than participants in the low control conditions. Practitioner Summary: The job-demand-control model proposes positive effects of high job demands-high job control combinations on active learning and performance. In an experimental workplace simulation, we found positive effects of high demands on quantitative performance, whereas high control resulted in a speed-accuracy trade-off (participants worked slower but were more accurate). © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",active learning hypothesis | job-demand-control model | speed-accuracy tradeoff | work performance,Ergonomics,2014-01-01,Article,"Häusser, Jan Alexander;Schulz-Hardt, Stefan;Mojzisch, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903576205,10.1145/2592235.2592246,Improving speed and productivity of software development: a global survey of software developers,"Gamification and serious games are becoming increasingly important for training, wellness, and other applications. How can games be developed for non-traditional gaming populations such as the elderly, and how can gaming be applied in non-traditional areas such as cognitive assessment? The application that we were interested in is detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Example use cases where gamified cognitive assessment might be useful are: prediction of delirium onset risk in emergency departments and postoperative hospital wards; evaluation of recovery from stroke in neuro-rehabilitation; monitoring of transitions from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in long-term care. With the rapid increase in cognitive disorders in many countries, inexpensive methods of measuring cognitive status on an ongoing basis, and to large numbers of people, are needed. In order to address this challenge we have developed a novel game-based method of cognitive assessment. In this paper, we present findings from a usability study conducted on the game that we developed for measuring changes in cognitive status. We report on the game's ability to predict cognitive status under varying game parameters, and we introduce a method to calibrate the game that takes into account differences in speed and accuracy, and in motor coordination. Recommendations concerning the development of serious games for cognitive assessment are made, and detailed recommendations concerning future development of the whack-a-mole game are also provided. © 2014 ACM.",calibration | digital game design | Fitts' law | game usability | gamification | human-computer interaction | interface design | serious games | speed-accuracy tradeoff | user experience | user-centered design,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Tong, Tiffany;Chignell, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905438637,10.1037/a0037012,A company-based framework for a software engineering course,"The Ising Decision Maker (IDM) is a new formal model for speeded two-choice decision making derived from the stochastic Hopfield network or dynamic Ising model. On a microscopic level, it consists of 2 pools of binary stochastic neurons with pairwise interactions. Inside each pool, neurons excite each other, whereas between pools, neurons inhibit each other. The perceptual input is represented by an external excitatory field. Using methods from statistical mechanics, the high-dimensional network of neurons (microscopic level) is reduced to a two-dimensional stochastic process, describing the evolution of the mean neural activity per pool (macroscopic level). The IDM can be seen as an abstract, analytically tractable multiple attractor network model of information accumulation. In this article, the properties of the IDM are studied, the relations to existing models are discussed, and it is shown that the most important basic aspects of two-choice response time data can be reproduced. In addition, the IDM is shown to predict a variety of observed psychophysical relations such as Piéron's law, the van der Molen-Keuss effect, and Weber's law. Using Bayesian methods, the model is fitted to both simulated and real data, and its performance is compared to the Ratcliff diffusion model. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Choice response time | Diffusion models | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Statistical mechanics | Stochastic hopfield network,Psychological Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Verdonck, Stijn;Tuerlinckx, Francis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038814299,10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992,Software effort models for early estimation of process control applications,"Currently, two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The ""private investment"" model assumes returns to the innovator result from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The ""collective action"" model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source software development shows that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating private returns from selling the software. In this paper, we propose that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound ""private-collective"" model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models and can offer society the ""best of both worlds"" under many conditions. We describe a new set of research questions this model raises for scholars in organization science. We offer some details regarding the types of data available for open source projects in order to ease access for researchers who are unfamiliar with these, and also offer some advice on conducting empirical studies on open source software development processes.","Incentives | Innovation | Open Source Software | User Innovation, Users, Collective Action",Organization Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Von Hippel, Eric;Von Krogh, Georg",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81355153720,10.2307/41409963,Factors Affecting Software Maintenance Productivity: an Exploratory Study,"With the proliferation and ubiquity of information and communication technologies (ICTs), it is becoming imperative for individuals to constantly engage with these technologies in order to get work accomplished. Academic literature, popular press, and anecdotal evidence suggest that ICTs are responsible for increased stress levels in individuals (known as technostress). However, despite the influence of stress on health costs and productivity, it is not very clear which characteristics of ICTs create stress. We draw from IS and stress research to build and test a model of technostress. The person-environment fit model is used as a theoretical lens. The research model proposes that certain technology characteristics-like usability (usefulness, complexity, and reliability), intrusiveness (presenteeism, anonymity), and dynamism (pace of change)-are related to stressors (work overload, role ambiguity, invasion of privacy, work-home conflict, and job insecurity). Field data from 661 working professionals was obtained and analyzed. The results clearly suggest the prevalence of technostress and the hypotheses from the model are generally supported. Work overload and role ambiguity are found to be the two most dominant stressors, whereas intrusive technology characteristics are found to be the dominant predictors of stressors. The results open up new avenues for research by highlighting the incidence of technostress in organizations and possible interventions to alleviate it.",ICTs | Information and communication technologies | Strain | Stress | Stressors | Technology characteristics | Technostress,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2011-01-01,Article,"Ayyagari, Ramakrishna;Grover, Varun;Purvis, Russell",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-30344431785,10.1287/isre.1050.0055,Project work: the organisation of collaborative design and development in software engineering,"Growth of Web-based applications has drawn a great number of diverse stakeholders and specialists into the information systems development (ISD) practice. Marketing, strategy, and graphic design professionals have joined technical developers, business managers, and users in the development of Web-based applications. Often, these specialists work for different organizations with distinct histories and cultures. A longitudinal, qualitative field study of a Web-based application development project was undertaken to develop an in-depth understanding of the collaborative practices that unfold among diverse professionals on ISD projects. The paper proposes that multiparty collaborative practice can be understood as constituting a ""collective reflection-in-action"" cycle through which an information systems (IS) design emerges as a result of agents producing, sharing, and reflecting on explicit objects. Depending on their control over the various economic and cultural (intellectual) resources brought to the project and developed on the project, agents influence the design in distinctive ways. They use this control to either ""add to,"" ""ignore,"" or ""challenge"" the work produced by others. Which of these modes of collective reflection-in-action are enacted on the project influences whose expertise will be reflected in the final design. Implications for the study of boundary objects, multiparty collaboration, and organizational learning in contemporary ISD are drawn. © 2005 INFORMS.",Critical perspectives on IT | Ethnographic research | Interpretive research | Management of IS projects | Outsourcing | System design and implementation,Information Systems Research,2005-01-01,Article,"Levina, Natalia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845983993,10.2307/25148728,Facts and fallacies of software engineering,"In a world where information technology is both important and imperfect, organizations and individuals are faced with the ongoing challenge of determining how to use complex, fragile systems in dynamic contexts to achieve reliable out- comes. While reliability is a central concern of information systems practitioners at many levels, there has been limited consideration in information systems scholarship of how firms and individuals create, manage, and use technology to attain reliability. We propose that examining how individuals and organizations use information systems to reliably perform work will increase both the richness and relevance of IS research. Drawing from studies of individual and organizational cognition, we examine the concept of mindfulness as a theoretical foundation for explaining efforts to achieve individual and organizational reliability in the face of complex technologies and surprising environments. We then consider a variety of implications of mindfulness theories of reliability in the form of alternative interpretations of existing knowledge and new directions for inquiry in the areas of IS operations, design, and management.",Is design | IS management | IS operations | Mindfulness | Reliability | Resilience,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Butler, Brian S.;Gray, Peter H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038108621,10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00054-4,Multi-project management in software engineering using simulation modelling,"This special issue of Research Policy is dedicated to new research on the phenomenon of open source software development. Open Source, because of its novel modes of operation and robust functioning in the marketplace, poses novel and fundamental questions for researchers in many fields, ranging from the economics of innovation to the principles by which productive work can best be organized. In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a general history and description of open source software and open source software development processes, plus an overview of the articles. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Editorial | Open source software development,Research Policy,2003-01-01,Editorial,"Von Krogh, Georg;Von Hippel, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0043245185,10.1287/isre.14.2.170.16017,Editorial: Global software engineering: Identifying challenges is important and providing solutions is even better,"Data Quality Information (DQI) is metadata that can be included with data to provide the user with information regarding the quality of that data. As users are increasingly removed from any personal experience with data, knowledge that would be beneficial in judging the appropriateness of the data for the decision to be made has been lost. Data tags could provide this missing information. However, it would be expensive in general to generate and maintain such information. Doing so would be worthwhile only if DQI is used and affects the decision made. This work focuses on how the experience of the decision maker and the available processing time influence the use of DQI in decision making. It also explores other potential issues regarding use of DQI, such as task complexity and demographic characteristics. Our results indicate increasing use of DQI when experience levels progress through the stages from novice to professional. The overall conclusion is that DQI should be made available to managers without domain-specific experience. From this it would follow that DQI should be incorporated into data warehouses used on an ad hoc basis by managers.",Data Quality | Data Quality Information (DQI) | Data Quality Tags | Data Warehouse | Decision Making | Information Quality | Metadata,Information Systems Research,2003-01-01,Article,"Fisher, Craig W.;Chengalur-Smith, Indu Shobha;Ballou, Donald P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041828594,10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00132-2,"Outsourced, offshored software-testing practice: Vendor-side experiences",The failure rate of information systems development projects is high. Agency theory offers a potential explanation for it. Structured interviews with 12 IS project managers about their experiences managing IS development projects show how it can be used to understand IS development project outcomes. Managers can use the results of the interviews to improve their own IS project management. Researchers can use them to examine agency theory with a larger number of project managers. © 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Agency theory | Incentives | Information systems | Monitoring | Project management,Journal of Systems and Software,2003-10-15,Article,"Mahaney, Robert C.;Lederer, Albert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905981613,,Time-based software development,"Can agile software development methods handle time pressure effectively? In this research-in-progress paper we examine the sources and remedies for time pressure in an agile software development project. We draw upon research on emergent outcome controls to understand how they can be used effectively to handle time pressure. In particular, we use Extreme Programming (XP) as an agile development exemplar and propose 3 interesting research propositions. Further, we discuss the limitations, practical implications, and future research efforts on how emergent outcome controls can be used to balance aspects of quality, time, and cost in software development.",Agile software development | Controls | Extreme programming | Time pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Malgonde, Onkar;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902283171,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.926-930.4065,Software engineering for real-time: A roadmap,"The impulse buying is a special kind of irrational behavior; the impact factor has been research hotspot of scholars and the focus of companies. Based on the analysis of the phenomenon of impulse buying and the literature of impulse buying, we realize time pressure is the important influencing factor on impulse buying. In this paper, we study time pressure effects on impulse buying behavior, and the need for cognitive closure of intermediary role and regulation of demographic variables in promotion situation, on the basis of that we constructed the model of under time pressure effects on impulse buying in promotion situation. We expect this paper can promote the related theory research of impulse buying, and provide theory basis for merchants take reasonable promotion methods. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Demography variables | Impulse buying | Need for cognitive closure | Time pressure,Advanced Materials Research,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hu, Mei;Qin, Xiang Bin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905982645,10.1109/MITP.2010.33,Making sense of software development and personality types,"Decision makers often have to make decisions in high-pressure situations in which time is limited and competing alternatives are similar. However, research on how time-pressure influences decisions in an information system (IS) context is relatively limited. This study examines the influence of time-pressure on behavioural affect and cognitive effects using eye tracking technology in a behavioural experiment on a software acquisition task. Further, it explores the independent and interactive influence of justification requirement. Results indicate that time-pressure creates discomfort and limits the amount of time spent examining the available information, both in terms of the number of fixations (gazes at part of the screen) and the duration of those fixations. However, this does not mean that information was ignored. Instead, decision-makers under time-pressure actually examined more information under certain circumstances, i.e. the justification requirement seems to interact with time-pressure.",Decision strategy | Eye tracking | Justification | Software acquisition | Time-pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fehrenbacher, Dennis D.;Smith, Stephen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-13844275988,10.1109/TEM.2004.839962,Teaching software engineering and software project management: An integrated and practical approach,"Companies often choose to defer irreversible investments to maintain valuable managerial flexibility in an uncertain world. For some technology-intensive projects, technology uncertainty plays a dominant role in affecting investment timing. This article analyzes the investment timing strategy for a firm that is deciding about whether to adopt one or the other of two incompatible and competing technologies. We develop a continuous-time stochastic model that aids in the determination of optimal timing for managerial adoption within the framework of real options theory. The model captures the elements of the decision-making process in such a way so as to provide managerial guidance in light of expectations associated with future technology competition. The results of this paper suggest that a technology adopter should defer its investment until one technology's probability to win out in the marketplace and achieve critical mass reaches a critical threshold. The optimal timing strategy for adoption that we propose can also be used in markets that are subject to positive network feedback. Although network effects usually tend to make the market equilibrium less stable and shorten the process of technology competition, we show why technology adopters may require more technology uncertainties to be resolved before widespread adoption can occur. © 2005 IEEE.",Capital budgeting | Decision analysis | Investment timing | Network externalities | Option pricing | Real options | Stochastic processes | Technology adoption,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2005-02-01,Article,"Kauffman, Robert J.;Li, Xiaotong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1016/0950-5849(95)01045-9,Expert judgement as an estimating method,"Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744803243,10.1002/spip.256,Global software development,"We explore how some open source projects address issues of usability. We describe the mechanisms, techniques and technology used by open source communities to design and refine the interfaces to their programs. In particular we consider how these developers cope with their distributed community, lack of domain expertise, limited resources and separation from their users. We also discuss how bug reporting and discussion systems can be improved to better support bug reporters and open source developers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Bug reporting | Interface design | Open source | Usability,Software Process Improvement and Practice,2006-03-01,Article,"Nichols, David M.;Twidale, Michael B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846032652,10.2307/25148734,Software aging,"We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies and how appropriately devised managerial interventions (e.g., coordination mechanisms and organizational learning practices) can lessen these conflicts. A study of software reuse programs in four organizations was conducted to assess the validity of the model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained showed that companies that had implemented such managerial interventions experienced greater success with their software reuse programs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.",Coordination mechanisms | Disruptive IT innovations | Goal conflict | Organizational learning | Software reuse,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Sherif, Karma;Zmud, Robert W.;Browne, Glenn J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952435958,10.1037/a0035760,Probable correctness theory,"A groundbreaking study of the customer's role in new production development. 'Customers have become a critical innovation partner for companies in many industries. At the same time, new information technologies have made such collaborative innovation with customers more feasible and cost-effective. Prandelli, Sawhney, and Verona's book resonates this important theme and contributes to our understanding of the associated management concepts and practices. Definitely a valuable book - for both academic researchers as well as practitioners!'. © Emanuela Prandelli, Mohanbir Sawhney and Gianmario Verona 2008. All rights reserved.",,Collaborating with Customers to Innovate: Conceiving and Marketing Products in the Networking Age,2008-12-01,Book,"Prandelli, Emanuela;Sawhney, Mohanbir;Verona, Gianmario",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Search based software engineering: A comprehensive analysis and review of trends techniques and applications,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21344469434,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2005.04.008,"Programming as if people mattered: friendly programs, software engineering, and other noble delusions","Service organizations are continuously endeavoring to improve their quality of service as it is of paramount importance to them. Despite the importance of understanding the relationship of service quality and information systems, this research has not been pursued extensively. This study has addressed this gap in the research literature and studied how information systems impacts service quality. A research model is developed based on IS success model. System quality, information quality, user IT characteristics, employee IT performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. An in-depth case study from the electric utility industry is used to investigate the impact. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,International Journal of Information Management,2005-01-01,Article,"Bharati, Pratyush;Berg, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-52149116017,10.1016/j.im.2008.05.003,Software engineering team diversity and performance,"Software flexibility and project efficiency are deemed to be desirable but conflicting goals during software development. We considered the link between project performance, software flexibility, and management interventions. Specially, we examined software flexibility as a mediator between two recommended management control mechanisms (management review and change control) and project performance. The model was empirically evaluated using data collected from 212 project managers in the Project Management Institute. Our results confirmed that the level of control activities during the system development process was a significant facilitator of software flexibility, which, in turn, enhanced project success. A mediator role of software flexibility implied that higher levels of management controls could achieve higher levels of software flexibility and that this was beneficial not only to the maintainability of complex applications but also to project performance. © 2008.",Change control | Management review | Project management | Software flexibility | Software process improvement,Information and Management,2008-11-01,Article,"Wang, Eric T.G.;Ju, Pei Hung;Jiang, James J.;Klein, Gary",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,An interactive database supporting virtual fieldwork in an environmental engineering design project,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860568975,10.1037/a0025996,UML-based performance engineering possibilities and techniques,"This article provides an integrative review of the literature on judgment-based predictions of performance time, often described as task duration predictions in psychology and as expert-based effort estimation in engineering and management science. We summarize results on the characteristics of performance time predictions, processes and strategies, the influence of task characteristics and contextual factors, and the relations between estimates and characteristics of the estimator. Although dependent on the type of study and the level of analysis, underestimation was more frequently reported than overestimation in studies from the engineering and management literature. However, this was not the case in studies from the psychology literature. Our summaries challenge earlier results regarding the effects of factors such as complexity/difficulty and experience. We also question the recurrent finding that small tasks are overestimated and large tasks are underestimated, as this to some extent can be a statistical artifact caused by random error. Several other influences on predictions are identified and discussed. These include various types of anchoring effects, performance and accuracy incentives, task decomposition, request formats, group estimation, revisions of initial ideal or incomplete estimates, level of abstraction, and superficial cues. We summarize similarities and differences between performance time predictions (e.g., number of work hours) and completion time predictions (e.g., delivery dates) because many studies fail to distinguish between these 2 types of predictions. Finally, we discuss methodological issues in time prediction research and implications for research and application. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Effort estimation | Performance time | Task duration | Time prediction,Psychological Bulletin,2012-03-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986082013,10.1108/09593840310478685,A formal model of the software test process,"System quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, employee IS performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. A model interrelating these constructs is proposed. Data collected through a national survey of IS departments in electric utility firms was used to test the model using regression and path analysis methodology. The results suggest that system quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, through their effects on employee IS performance, influence service quality, while technical support influences service quality directly. The results also suggest that employee IS performance contributes more to service quality compared with technical support. Implications of this research for IS theory and practice are discussed. © 2003, MCB UP Limited",Electricity industry | Service quality | Strategic information systems | Systems management | USA,Information Technology & People,2003-06-01,Article,"Bharati, Pratyush;Berg, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949381833,10.1145/1595696.1595714,Managing technical debt in software-reliant systems,"An extensive body of research has developed in the area of software processes improvement and maturity models. Despite being a quite influential body of work, little is known about how software process maturity models and improvement activities relate to a major trend in the software industry: geographic distribution of development activities. In this paper, we seek to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between software process maturity and geographic distribution. In particular, we studied their combined impact on software quality. Using data from a multi-national software development organization, our analyses revealed that process maturity and the multiple dimensions of distribution have a significant impact on the quality of software components. More importantly, our analyses showed that the benefits of increases in process maturity diminish as the development work becomes more distributed, a result that has major implications for future research work in the process and the global software engineering literature as well as important implications for practitioners. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Empirical software engineering | Global software development | Software process maturity | Software quality,ESEC-FSE'09 - Proceedings of the Joint 12th European Software Engineering Conference and 17th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Nambiar, Sangeeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649330407,10.1016/j.jss.2010.09.004,Jazz: a collaborative application development environment,"Open Source (OS) was born as a pragmatic alternative to the ideology of Free Software and it is now increasingly seen by companies as a new approach to developing and making business upon software. Whereas the role of firms is clear for commercial OS projects, it still needs investigation for projects based on communities. This paper analyses the impact of firms' participation on popularity and internal software design quality for 643 SourceForge.net projects. Results show that firms' involvement improves the ranking of OS projects, but, on the other hand, puts corporate constraints to OS developing practices, thus leading to lower structural software design quality. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.",Firm participation | Internal software design quality | Open Source Community Projects | Open Source projects popularity | Structural Equation Modeling,Journal of Systems and Software,2011-01-01,Article,"Capra, Eugenio;Francalanci, Chiara;Merlo, Francesco;Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896467220,10.1016/j.im.2013.12.002,Using differences among replications of software engineering experiments to gain knowledge,"The objective of this research is to assess the impact of IT outsourcing on Information Systems' success. We modeled the relationships among the extent of IT outsourcing, the ZOT (the Zone of Tolerance), and IS success. We justified our model using the expectancy-disconfirmation theory, the agency theory, and transaction cost economics, and we empirically tested it using structural equation modeling with responses from IS users. We found significant direct and indirect effects (through the service quality) of outsourcing on IS systems' perceived usefulness and their users' satisfaction. Whereas the extent of outsourcing is negatively related to the service quality and perceived usefulness, the ZOT-based IS service quality is positively related to the user satisfaction. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.",IS success models | Outsourcing | Service quality | Usage | Usefulness | User satisfaction,Information and Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Gorla, Narasimhaiah;Somers, Toni M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79959859896,10.1145/1985793.1985816,Parallelizing bzip2: A case study in multicore software engineering,"Feature-driven software development is a novel approach that has grown in popularity over the past decade. Researchers and practitioners alike have argued that numerous benefits could be garnered from adopting a feature-driven development approach. However, those persuasive arguments have not been matched with supporting empirical evidence. Moreover, developing software systems around features involves new technical and organizational elements that could have significant implications for outcomes such as software quality. This paper presents an empirical analysis of a large-scale project that implemented 1195 features in a software system. We examined the impact that technical attributes of product features, attributes of the feature teams and crossfeature interactions have on software integration failures. Our results show that technical factors such as the nature of component dependencies and organizational factors such as the geographic dispersion of the feature teams and the role of the feature owners had complementary impact suggesting their independent and important role in terms of software quality. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that cross-feature interactions, measured as the number of architectural dependencies between two product features, are a major driver of integration failures. The research and practical implications of our results are discussed. © 2011 ACM.",cross-feature interaction | feature-oriented development | global software development,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2011-07-07,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Herbsleb, James D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899408621,10.1007/s10606-013-9197-3,"Why good developers write bad code: An observational case study of the impacts of organizational factors on software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure","Today's mobile knowledge professionals use a diversity of digital technologies to perform their work. Much of this daily technology consumption involves a variety of activities of articulation, negotiation and repair to support their work as well as their nomadic practices. This article argues that these activities mediate and structure social relations, going beyond the usual attention given to this work as a support requirement of cooperative and mobile work. Drawing on cultural approaches to technology consumption, the article introduces the concept of 'officing' and its three main categories of connecting, configuring and synchronizing, to show how these activities shape and are shaped by the relationship that workers have with their time and sense of professional self. This argument is made through research of professionals at a municipal council in Sydney and at a global telecommunications firm with regional headquarters in Melbourne, trialling a smartphone prototype. This research found that while officing fuels a sense of persistent time pressure and collapse of work and life boundaries, it also supports new temporal and spatial senses and opportunities for maintaining professional identities. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",'anywhere anytime' | infrastructure support | nomadic practices | officing | professional identity | time pressure,Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2014-04-01,Article,"Humphry, Justine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957837676,10.1123/jsm.25.3.240,Why do we need personality diversity in software engineering?,"This study systematically examined the extent of environmental sustainability (ES) research within the sport-related journal sample of academic literature to identify areas of under-emphasis and recommend directions for future research. The data collection and analysis followed a content analysis framework. The investigation involved a total of 21 sport-related academic journals that included 4,639 peer-reviewed articles published from 1987 to 2008. Findings indicated a paucity of sport-ES research articles (n = 17) during this time period. Further analysis compared the sport-ES studies within the sample to research in the broader management literature. A research agenda is suggested to advance sport-ES beyond the infancy stage. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc.",,Journal of Sport Management,2011-01-01,Article,"Mallen, Cheryl;Stevens, Julie;Adam, Lorne J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951623601,10.1109/TEM.2009.2013838,Dynamics of agile software development,"Increasingly, consulting firms are employed by client organizations to participate in the implementation of enterprise systems projects. Such consultant-assisted information systems projects differ from internal and outsourced IS projects in two important respects. First, the joint project team consists of members from client and consulting organizations that may have conflicting goals and incompatible work practices. Second, close collaboration between the client and consulting organizations is required throughout the course of the project. Consequently, coordination is more complex for consultant-assisted projects and is critical for project success. Drawing from coordination and agency theories and the trust literature, we developed a research model to investigate how interorganizational coordination could help build relationships based on trust and goal congruence and achieve higher project performance. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using data collected from 324 projects. The results provide strong support for the model. Interorganizational coordination was found to have the largest overall significant effect on performance. However, its effect was achieved indirectly by building trust and goal congruence and by reducing technical and requirements uncertainty. The positive effects of trust and goal congruence on project performance demonstrate the importance of managing the clientconsultant relationship in such projects. Project uncertainty, including both technical and requirements uncertainty, was found to negatively affect goal congruence and trust, as expected. This study represents a step toward the development of a new theory on the role of interorganizational coordination. © 2010 IEEE.",Agency theory | Consulting | Enterprise systems | Interorganizational coordination | Management of information systems projects | Trust,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2010-05-01,Article,"Liberatore, Matthew J.;Luo, Wenhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856820750,10.1109/SAI.2014.6918207,"Fuzzy cognitive map based approach for software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure risk analysis","The adequate measurement of information system project success is a yet unsolved problem. Although researchers agree on the concept's multi-dimensionality, a generally accepted definition does still not exist. This article presents findings from a confirmatory study with 86 projects to test three alternative approaches to measure information system project success using the project managers' subjective perceptions of project success and its potential dimensions. Our results suggest that the traditional way of assessing project success is inadequate to assess the overall success of an information system project. Project management should focus on process efficiency and on best satisfying customers' needs instead of solely on keeping plans.",Adherence to planning | Customer satisfaction | Information system project success | Process efficiency | Structural equation modeling,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2011-12-01,Article,"Basten, Dirk;Joosten, Dominik;Mellis, Werner",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903986627,10.2486/indhealth.2013-0188,Process Based Knowledge Management Support for Software Engineering,"The aim of the present study was to analyze the activity of the trapezius muscle, the heart rate and the time pressure of Swiss and Japanese nurses during day and night shifts. The parameters were measured during a day and a night shift of 17 Swiss and 22 Japanese nurses. The observed rest time of the trapezius muscle was longer for Swiss than for Japanese nurses during both shifts. The 10th and the 50th percentile of the trapezius muscle activity showed a different effect for Swiss than for Japanese nurses. It was higher during the day shift of Swiss nurses and higher during the night shift of Japanese nurses. Heart rate was higher for both Swiss and Japanese nurses during the day. The time pressure was significantly higher for Japanese than for Swiss nurses. Over the duration of the shifts, time pressure increased for Japanese nurses and slightly decreased for those from Switzerland. Considering trapezius muscle activity and time pressure, the nursing profession was more burdening for the examined Japanese nurses than for Swiss nurses. In particular, the night shift for Japanese nurses was characterized by a high trapezius muscle activity and only few rest times for the trapezius muscle. © 2014 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.",EMG | Muscle activity | Nurse | Trapezius muscle | Workload,Industrial Health,2014-01-01,Article,"Nicoletti, Corinne;Müller, Christian;Tobita, Itoko;Nakaseko, Masaru;Läubli, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745683299,10.1109/IRI-05.2005.1506465,GloSE-Lab: Teaching global software engineering,"The effects of information quality and the importance of information have been reported in the Information Systems (IS) literature. However, little has been learned about the impact of data quality (DQ) on decision performance. This study explores the effects of contextual DQ and task complexity on decision performance. To examine the effects of contextual DQ and task complexity, a laboratory experiment was conducted. Based on two levels of contextual DQ and two levels of task complexity, this study had a 2 x 2 factorial design. The dependent variables were problem-solving accuracy and time. The results demonstrated that the effects of contextual DQ on decision performance were significant. The findings suggest that decision makers can expect to improve their decision performance by enhancing contextual DQ. This research extends a body of research examining the effects of factors that can be tied to human decision-making performance. © 2005 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, IRI - 2005",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jung, Wonjin;Ryan, Terry;Olfman, Lorne;Park, Yong Tae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857543980,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00332.x,A survey of the practice of design--code correspondence amongst professional software engineers,"Organizational downsizing research indicates that downsizing does not always realize its strategic intent and may, in fact, have a detrimental impact on organizational performance. In this paper, we extend the notion that downsizing negatively impacts performance and argue that organizational downsizing can potentially be detrimental to software quality performance. Using social cognitive theory (SCT), we primarily interpret the negative impacts of downsizing on software quality performance by arguing that downsizing results in a realignment of social networks (environmental factors), thereby affecting the self-efficacy and outcome expectations of a software professional (personal factors), which, in turn, affect software quality performance (outcome of behaviour undertaken). We synthesize relevant literature from the software quality, SCT and downsizing research streams and develop a conceptual model. Two major impacts of downsizing are hypothesized in the conceptual model. First, downsizing destroys formal and informal social networks in organizations, which, in turn, negatively impacts software developers' self-efficacy and outcome expectations through their antecedents, with consequent negative impacts on software development process efficiency and software product quality, the two major components of software quality performance. Second, downsizing negatively affects antecedents of software development process efficiency, namely top management leadership, management infrastructure sophistication, process management efficacy and stakeholder participation with consequent negative impacts on software quality performance. This theoretically grounded discourse can help demonstrate how organizational downsizing can potentially impact software quality performance through key intervening constructs. We also discuss how downsizing and other intervening constructs can be managed to mitigate the negative impacts of downsizing on software quality performance. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Downsizing | Social cognitive theory | Software quality | Theory development,Information Systems Journal,2010-05-01,Article,"Ambrose, Paul J.;Chiravuri, Ananth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,What leading practitioners say should be emphasized in students' software engineering projects,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888352727,10.1016/j.infsof.2013.04.005,Using issue tracking tools to facilitate student learning of communication skills in software engineering courses,"Context In the era of globally-distributed software engineering, the practice of global software testing (GST) has witnessed increasing adoption. Although there have been ethnographic studies of the development aspects of global software engineering, there have been fewer studies of GST, which, to succeed, can require dealing with unique challenges. Objective To address this limitation of existing studies, we conducted, and in this paper, report the findings of, a study of a vendor organization involved in one kind of GST practice: outsourced, offshored software testing. Method We conducted an ethnographically-informed study of three vendor-side testing teams over a period of 2 months. We used methods, such as interviews and participant observations, to collect the data and the thematic-analysis approach to analyze the data. Findings Our findings describe how the participant test engineers perceive software testing and deadline pressures, the challenges that they encounter, and the strategies that they use for coping with the challenges. The findings reveal several interesting insights. First, motivation and appreciation play an important role for our participants in ensuring that high-quality testing is performed. Second, intermediate onshore teams increase the degree of pressure experienced by the participant test engineers. Third, vendor team participants perceive productivity differently from their client teams, which results in unproductive-productivity experiences. Lastly, participants encounter quality-dilemma situations for various reasons. Conclusion The study findings suggest the need for (1) appreciating test engineers' efforts, (2) investigating the team structure's influence on pressure and the GST practice, (3) understanding culture's influence on other aspects of GST, and (4) identifying and addressing quality-dilemma situations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Global software development | Global software engineering | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2014-01-01,Article,"Shah, Hina;Harrold, Mary Jean;Sinha, Saurabh",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883666719,10.1109/HSI.2013.6577877,"Managing a Large"" Agile"" Software Engineering Organization","In this paper a novel application of multimodal emotion recognition algorithms in software engineering is described. Several application scenarios are proposed concerning program usability testing and software process improvement. Also a set of emotional states relevant in that application area is identified. The multimodal emotion recognition method that integrates video and depth channels, physiological signals and input devices usage patterns is proposed and some preliminary results on learning set creation are described. © 2013 IEEE.",affective computing | emotion recognition | software engineering,"2013 6th International Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI 2013",2013-09-16,Conference Paper,"Kolakowska, Agata;Landowska, Agnieszka;Szwoch, Mariusz;Szwoch, Wioleta;Wrobel, Michal R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78951489612,10.1109/TEM.2010.2048914,Academia-academia-industry collaborations on software engineering projects using local-remote teams,"Bringing new products to market requires team effort. New product development teams often face demanding schedules and high deliverable expectations, making time pressure a common experience at the workplace. Past literature have generally associated the relationship between time pressure and performance based on the inverted-U model, where low and high levels of time pressure are related to poor performance. However, teams do not necessarily perform worse when the levels of time pressure are high. In contrast, there are numerous examples of high-performance teams in intense time-pressure situations. The purpose of this study is to reconcile some of the discrepancies concerning the effects of time pressure by considering the nature of stress. This study is also designed to investigate time pressure at team level - an area that is not well investigated. A model of 2-D time pressure, i.e., challenge and hindrance time pressure, was developed. Data are collected based on a two-part electronic survey from 81 new product development teams (500 respondents) in Western Europe. The results showed challenge and hindrance time pressure to improve and deteriorate team performance, respectively. At the same time, we also found team coordination to partially mediate the time-pressureteam-performance relationships. Furthermore, team identification is found to sustain team coordination, especially for teams facing hindrance time pressure. This indicates that teams that possess strong team identification could be positioned strategically in projects where time pressure is intense and where the stakes are high. Other implications with respect to theory and practice are discussed. © 2006 IEEE.",Challenge | hindrance | new product development (NPD) | performance | team | time pressure,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Chai, Kah Hin;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80855152707,10.1016/j.elerap.2010.12.002,Introduction to information technology,"Practical mechanisms for procurement involve bidding, negotiation, transfer payments and subsidies, and the possibility of verification of unobservable product and service quality. We model two proposed multi-stage procurement mechanisms. One focuses on the auction price that is established, and the other emphasizes price negotiation. Both also emphasize quality and offer incentives for the unobservable level of a supplier's effort, while addressing the buyer's satisfaction. Our results show that, with the appropriate incentive, which we will refer to as a quality effort bonus, the supplier will exert more effort to supply higher quality goods or services after winning the procurement auction. We also find that a mechanism incorporating price and quality negotiation improves the supply chain's surplus and generates the possibility of Pareto optimal improvement in comparison to a mechanism that emphasizes the auction price only. From the buyer's perspective though, either mechanism can dominate the other, depending on the circumstances of procurement. Thus, post-auction negotiation may not always be optimal for the buyer, although it always produces first-best goods or service quality outcomes. The buyer's choice between mechanisms will be influenced by different values of the quality effort bonus. For managers in practice, our analysis shows that it is possible to simplify the optimization procedure by using a new approach for selecting the appropriate mechanism and determining what value of the incentive for the supplier makes sense. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Auctions | Bonuses | Buyers | Economic modeling | Incentives | Information asymmetries | Mechanism design | Negotiation | Procurement | Supplier selection | Supply quality | Unobservable quality,Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,2011-11-01,Article,"Huang, He;Kauffman, Robert J.;Xu, Hongyan;Zhao, Lan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71049155462,10.1109/ICGSE.2009.24,The impact of schedule pressure on software development: A behavioral perspective,"The impact of distribution on global software development project is well established. Most of the empirical work has focused of a single dimension of distribution such as geographical distance or difference in time zones across locations, leaving other important dimensions of distribution unexplored. In this paper, we take a multi-dimensional view of distribution. In particular, we examined the impact of the nature of the distribution of development teams as well as the nature of the distribution of work on project quality using data from 189 distributed software development projects. Our analysis revealed that projects with uneven distributions of developers across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions. Similarly, projects with uneven distributions of development effort across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions. global software development, distributed software development, software quality, geographical dispersion. © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 4th IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, ICGSE 2009",2009-11-16,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Nambiar, Sangeeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871476650,10.1287/isre.1110.0391,A follow-up empirical evaluation of evidence based software engineering by undergraduate students.,"Online advertising has transformed the advertising industry with its measurability and accountability. Online software and services supported by online advertising is becoming a reality as evidenced by the success of Google and its initiatives. Therefore, the choice of a pricing model for advertising becomes a critical issue for these firms. We present a formal model of pricing models in online advertising using the principal-agent framework to study the two most popular pricing models: input-based cost per thousand impressions (CPM) and performance-based cost per click-through (CPC). We identify four important factors that affect the preference of CPM to the CPC model, and vice versa. In particular, we highlight the interplay between uncertainty in the decision environment, value of advertising, cost of mistargeting advertisements, and alignment of incentives. These factors shed light on the preferred online-advertising pricing model for publishers and advertisers under different market conditions. © 2012 INFORMS.",Asymmetric information | Cost per click (CPC) | Cost per impression (CPM) | Delegation | Online advertising | Pricing models | Principal-agent model,Information Systems Research,2012-01-01,Article,"Asdemir, Kursad;Kumar, Nanda;Jacob, Varghese S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,"Bridging, patching and keeping the work flowing: defect resolution in distributed software development","Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901693212,10.1080/13645579.2013.799255,Notice of Retraction A Problem-Based Learning Approach to Teaching an Advanced Software Engineering Course,"'I am too busy' is one of the most commonly cited reasons for people not to participate in survey research. Yet, empirical data on the association between 'busyness' and survey participation are scarce, due to a lack of data on busyness or time pressure among the non-respondents. This article sets off with an overview of the strategies and types of auxiliary data that can be used to assess the effects of busyness on survey participation. Then, using data of a two-wave SCV/ISSP-survey of 2002 that includes an elaborate section on time use and combining work and family life, we employ survey variables of the first wave to investigate effects of busyness on survey participation in the second wave. Interestingly, we find that the subjective experience of busyness - feeling too busy - has a significant effect on participation, whereas more objective measures of busyness do not. © 2013 © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",auxiliary data | combination pressure | survey participation | time pressure | work-family balance,International Journal of Social Research Methodology,2014-01-01,Article,"Vercruyssen, Anina;Roose, Henk;Carton, Ann;Van De Putte, Bart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67651100636,10.1016/j.im.2009.03.003,Experience with a project-based approach to teaching software engineering,"Improving project performance is an important objective in IS project management. In consultant-assisted IS projects, however, consulting organizations may have additional objectives, such as knowledge acquisition and future business growth. In this study, we examined the relationship between client and consultant objectives and the role of coordination in affecting the achievement of these objectives. A research model was developed and tested using 199 consultant-assisted projects. The results showed that the achievement of consultant objectives was dependent upon the achievement of client objectives and that coordination had a positive impact on both client and consultant objectives. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Consultant-assisted projects | Consulting | Enterprise systems | Interorganizational coordination | Management of IS projects,Information and Management,2009-06-01,Article,"Luo, Wenhong;Liberatore, Matthew J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68949217329,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2007.00273.x,Visual identification of software evolution patterns,"This paper offers an insight into the games software development process from a time perspective by drawing on an in-depth study in a games development organization. The wider market for computer games now exceeds the annual global revenues of cinema. We have, however, only a limited scholarly understanding of how games studios produce games. Games projects require particular attention because their context is unique. Drawing on a case study, the paper offers a theoretical conceptualization of the development process of creative software, such as games software. We found that the process, as constituted by the interactions of developers, oscillates between two modes of practice: routinized and improvised, which sediment and flux the working rhythms in the context. This paper argues that while we may predeterminately lay down the broad stages of creative software development, the activities that constitute each stage, and the transition criteria from one to the next, may be left to the actors in the moment, to the temporality of the situation as it emerges. If all development activities are predefined, as advocated in various process models, this may leave little room for opportunity and the creative fruits that flow from opportunity, such as enhanced features, aesthetics and learning. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Computer game | Software development process | Temporal structure,Information Systems Journal,2009-09-01,Article,"Stacey, Patrick;Nandhakumar, Joe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57849166174,10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.001,On rapid releases and software testing: a case study and a semi-systematic literature review,"This empirical study investigates the relationship between schedules and knowledge transfer in software testing. In our exploratory survey, statistical analysis indicated that increased knowledge transfer between testing and earlier phases of software development was associated with testing schedule over-runs. A qualitative case study was conducted to interpret this result. We found that this relationship can be explained with the size and complexity of software, knowledge management issues, and customer involvement. We also found that the primary strategies for avoiding testing schedule over-runs were reducing the scope of testing, leaving out features from the software, and allocating more resources to testing. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Case study | Knowledge transfer | Schedule over-runs | Software testing | Survey,Information and Software Technology,2009-03-01,Article,"Karhu, Katja;Taipale, Ossi;Smolander, Kari",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053975025,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00846.x,Calculating controller area network (CAN) message response times,"At the start of any project, new product development (NPD) teams must make accurate decisions about development time, development costs, and product performance. Such profit-maximizing decision making becomes particularly difficult when the project runs behind schedule and requires intervention decisions too. To simplify their decision making, NPD teams often use heuristics instead of comprehensive assessments of trade-offs among the aforementioned metrics. This study employs a simulation based on a system dynamics approach to examine the effectiveness of different decision heuristics (i.e., time, cost, and product performance). The results show that teams are better off if they decide to intervene rather than do nothing (escalation of commitment), but in making these interventions there is no single best decision heuristic. The most effective interventions combine decision heuristics, and the most effective combination is a function of the development time elapsed. For teams that discover schedule problems relatively early on in the development process, the best possible intervention is to increase both team size and product performance (combining the time and product performance heuristic). When teams discover schedule problems relatively late, the best intervention option is to decrease product performance and increase team size (combining the time and cost heuristic). In both situations, however, the best intervention combines two heuristics, with a trade-off across time, cost, and performance. In other words, trading off three project objectives outperforms trading off only two of them. These findings contribute to the extant literature by suggesting that, when the project is behind schedule, the choice extends beyond just escalating or de-escalating commitment to initial project objectives. Other than sticking to a losing course of action or cutting losses, there is an alternative: Commit to renewing the project. In this case, project lateness represents an opportunity to reformulate project objectives in response to new market information, which may lead to new product ideas and increased product performance. © 2011 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Langerak, Fred;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858739008,10.1109/esem.2011.32,Software development: knowledge-intensive work organizations,"In most cases, software projects exceed their estimated effort. It is often assumed that inaccurate estimates are the main reason for these overruns. Contrarily, our results show that this assumption is not reasonable in many cases. We conducted a survey to gather data on the current situation of software development effort estimation. Apart from objective criteria, we also asked the participants for their subjective perceptions of the estimates. The participants' perceptions indicate that they do not agree with the objective assessments as 82% perceive their estimate as 'good' despite large overruns and provide reasonable arguments for their perceptions. Furthermore, many projects do not re-estimate the effort due to change requests leading to meaningless comparisons of estimated and actual effort. As a consequence, research needs to find new measures to assess the actual estimation accuracy. Besides the actual estimation process, professionals need to intensify their effort to manage the estimation processes' surroundings. © 2011 IEEE.",Effort estimation | Questionnaire survey | Software development,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Basten, Dirk;Mellis, Werner",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925623170,10.1037/a0037127,Components in real-time systems,"This study examines the relationship between time pressure and unfinished tasks as work stressors on employee well-being. Relatively little is known about the effect of unfinished tasks on well-being. Specifically, excluding the impact of time pressure, we examined whether the feeling of not having finished the week's tasks fosters perseverative cognitions and impairs sleep. Additionally, we proposed that leader performance expectations moderate these relationships. In more detail, we expected the detrimental effect of unfinished tasks on both rumination and sleep would be enhanced if leader expectations were perceived to be high. In total, 89 employees filled out online diary surveys both before and after the weekend over a 5-week period. Multilevel growth modeling revealed that time pressure and unfinished tasks impacted rumination and sleep on the weekend. Further, our results supported our hypothesis that unfinished tasks explain unique variance in the dependent variables above and beyond the influence of time pressure. Moreover, we found the relationship between unfinished tasks and both rumination and sleep was moderated by leader performance expectations. Our results emphasize the importance of unfinished tasks as a stressor and highlight that leadership, specifically in the form of performance expectations, contributes significantly to the strength of this relationship.",Leadership | Performance expectations | Sleep | Unfinished tasks | Work-related rumination,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2014-01-01,Article,"Syrek, Christine J.;Antoni, Conny H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877277816,10.4018/jhcitp.2012070105,Professional and ethical dilemmas in software engineering,"This article introduces measures to improve theoretical knowledge and managerial practice about the participation of teams in customized information systems software (CISS) projects. The focus is onpeople traits of the customer team (CuTe), that is, professionals from the client organization that contracts CISS projects who assume specific business and information technology roles in partnerships with external developers, given that both in-house and outsourced teams share project authority and responsibility. A systematic literature review based on a particular perspective of the socio-technical approach to the work systems enabled the compilation of measures that account for people traits assumed to improve CuTe performance. The resulting framework contributes to a much needed theory on the management of knowledge workers, especially to help plan, control, assess, and make historical records of CuTe design and performance in CISS projects. Copyright © 2012, IGI Global.",Customer teams | Information systems development | Knowledge work management | Personal traits | Socio-technical design | Team performance,International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals,2012-07-01,Article,"Bellini, Carlo Gabriel Porto;Pereira, Rita De Cássia De Faria;Becker, João Luiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930855050,10.1007/978-88-470-5388-5_9,Personal software process: Classroom experiences from Finland,"In the 24-h Society we are able to do everything at any hour of day and night, both at work and at social level. Time has become the main dimension of human activities, and time pressure is one of the main characteristics of our daily life, as a consequence of the just-in-time culture, where we act as producers and customers at the same time. It is necessary to reflect upon the notion and value of time, to reconsider its use and relationships with home, work, and leisure activities, and to re-evaluate what is the cost/benefit ratio in terms of physical and psychological health, family life, and social well-being. Stress and anxiety are major causes for sleepiness in modern life, characterized by constant time pressure, high competition, inappropriate lifestyles, social conflicts, socioeconomic problems in all age groups. According to the different living circumstances and personal characteristics, individuals may significantly differ in their response to stressors, while some can be more vulnerable than others in relation to age, gender, personality, behavior, life events, and health. There is an increasing evidence of reduced rest and sleep periods not only related to irregular working hours, but also to a misuse of free time.",24-h society | Burnout | Distress | Effort | Job control | Job demand | Reward | Social support | Time pressure | Work strain,Sleepiness and human impact assessment,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Costa, Giovanni",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10444263001,10.4018/irmj.2005010102,Why developers don't pair more often,"This paper draws upon Normal Accident Theory and the Theory of High Reliability Organizations to examine the potential impacts of Information Technology being used as a target in terrorist and other malicious attacks. The paper also argues that Information Technology can also be used as a shield to prevent further attacks and mitigate their impact if they should occur. A Target and Shield model is developed, which extends Normal Accident Theory to encompass secondary effects, change and feedback loops to prevent future accidents. The Target and Shield model is applied to the Y2K problem and the emerging threats and initiatives in the Post 9/11 environment.",Computer privacy | Computer security | Normal accident theory | Post 9/11 | Target and shield model | Terrorism | Theory of high reliability organizations | Y2K,Information Resources Management Journal,2005-01-01,Article,"Lally, Laura",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974612436,10.1002/9781118959312,"An empirical study on the relationship between software design No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure, development effort and governance in open source projects",This book introduces theoretical concepts to explain the fundamentals of the design and evaluation of software estimation models. It provides software professionals with vital information on the best software management software out there. End-of-chapter exercises Over 100 figures illustrating the concepts presented throughout the book Examples incorporated with industry data.,,Software Project Estimation: The Fundamentals for Providing High Quality Information to Decision Makers,2015-04-27,Book,"Abran, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149475058,10.1109/PacificVis.2014.35,Engineering the software for understanding climate change,"It is the thesis of this paper that queuing theory should take into account not just the behavior of customers in queues, but also the behavior of servers. Servers may change their behavior in response to queue length, which has implications for service quality as well as for customer waiting time. Parkinson's Law would be one explanation of any speed-up effect as queue length increases. We provide empirical evidence for this assertion in one queuing situation with high visibility and high error consequence: security screening at an airport.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marin, Clara V.;Drury, Colin G.;Batta, Rajan;Lin, Li",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903534022,10.1007/978-3-319-07854-0_102,Software process improvement implementation: avoiding critical barriers,"We are developing a voice-interactive CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning) system to provide more opportunity for better English conversation exercise. There are several types of CALL system, we focus on a spoken dialogue system for dialogue practice. When the user makes an answer to the system's utterance, timing of making the answer utterance could be unnatural because the system usually does not make any reaction when the user keeps silence, and therefore the learner tends to take more time to make an answer to the system than that to the human counterpart. However, there is no framework to suppress the pause and practice an appropriate pause duration. In this research, we did an experiment to investigate the effect of presence of the AR character to analyze the effect of character as a counterpart itself. In addition, we analyzed the pause between the two person's utterances (switching pause). The switching pause is related to the smoothness of its conversation. Moreover, we introduced a virtual character realized by AR (Augmented Reality) as a counterpart of the dialogue to control the switching pause. Here, we installed the character the behavior of ""time pressure"" to prevent the learner taking long time to consider the utterance. To verify if the expression is effective for controlling switching pause, we designed an experiment. The experiment was conducted with or without the expression. Consequently, we found that the switching pause duration became significantly shorter when the agent made the time-pressure expression. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.",Augmented reality | Computer-assisted language learning | English learning | Spoken dialogue system | Switching pause,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Suzuki, Naoto;Nose, Takashi;Ito, Akinori;Hiroi, Yutaka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901987407,10.1007/3-540-60973-3_77,How did software get so reliable without proof?,"This study examined the relationship between performance variability and actual performance of financial decision makers who were working under experimental conditions of increasing workload and fatigue. The rescaled range statistic, also known as the Hurst exponent (H) was used as an index of variabil-ity. Although H is defined as having a range between 0 and 1, 45% of the 172 time series generated by undergraduates were negative. Participants in the study chose the optimum investment out of sets of 3 to 5 options that were pre-sented a series of 350 displays. The sets of options varied in both the complexity of the options and number of options under simultaneous consideration. One experimental condition required participants to make their choices within 15 sec, and the other condition required them to choose within 7.5 sec. Results showed that (a) negative H was possible and not a result of psychometric error (b) negative H was associated with negative autocorrelations in a time series. (c) H was the best predictor of performance of the variables studied (d) three other significant predictors were scores on an anagrams test and ratings of physical demands and performance demands (e) persistence as evidenced by the autocorrelations was associated with ratings of greater time pressure. It was concluded, furthermore, that persistence and overall performance were correlated, that ""healthy"" variability only exists within a limited range, and other individual differences related to ability and resistance to stress or fatigue are also involved in the prediction of performance. © 2014 Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences.",Dynamic criteria | Fatigue | Financial decisions | Hurst exponent | Stress | Time pressure,"Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences",2014-01-01,Article,"Guastello, Stephen J.;Reiter, Katherine;Shircel, Anton;Timm, Paul;Malon, Matthew;Fabisch, Megan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904490195,10.1177/0146167214530436,On Practice-Oriented Software Engineering Education,"The dual-process model of moral judgment postulates that utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas (e.g., accepting to kill one to save five) are demanding of cognitive resources. Here we show that utilitarian responses can become effortless, even when they involve to kill someone, as long as the kill-save ratio is efficient (e.g., 1 is killed to save 500). In Experiment 1, participants responded to moral dilemmas featuring different kill-save ratios under high or low cognitive load. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants responded at their own pace or under time pressure. Efficient kill-save ratios promoted utilitarian responding and neutered the effect of load or time pressure. We discuss whether this effect is more easily explained by a parallel-activation model or by a default-interventionist model. © 2014 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.",Cognitive load | Moral cognition | Time pressure | Utilitarianism,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2014-07-01,Article,"Trémolière, Bastien;Bonnefon, Jean François",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149458670,10.1504/IJASS.2014.065692,Time weaver: a software-through-models framework for embedded real-time systems,"Violations present a path to medical injury that has, thus far, been largely unexplored. This paper focuses on violations of three medication administration protocols and tests the hypothesis that if current processes for completing these tasks are neither easy nor useful, or if there is dissatisfaction with the tasks, then violations will be more likely. Survey data were collected from 199 nurses in the pediatric intensive care units, hematology-oncology-transplant units, and medical-surgical units at two pediatric hospitals. The results of the logistic regressions did not support the hypothesis, though several significant predictors of violations were found. The predictors of violations, possible reasons the hypotheses were not supported, and considerations for measuring violations are discussed.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Alper, Samuel J.;Holden, Richard J.;Scanlon, Matthew C.;Kaushal, Rainu;Shalaby, Theresa M.;Karsh, Ben Tzion",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869760063,10.1680/muen.13.00009,Software engineering issues in interactive installation art,"The effects of information quality and the importance of information have been reported in the Information Systems literature. However, little has been learned about the impact of data quality (DQ) on decision performance. Representational DQ means that data must be interpretable, easy to understand, and represented concisely and consistently. This study explores the effects of representational DQ and task complexity on decision performance by conducting a laboratory experiment. Based on two levels of representational DQ and two levels of task complexity, this study had a 2 x 2 factorial design. The dependent variables were problem-solving accuracy and time. The results demonstrated that the effects of representational DQ on decision performance were significant. The findings suggest that decision makers can expect to improve their decision performance by enhancing representational DQ. This research extends a body of research examining the effects of factors that can be tied to human decision-making performance.",Decision performance | Representational data quality | Task complexity,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jung, Wonjin;Ryan, Terry;Olfman, Lorne;Park, Yong Tae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1109/ICSME.2014.31,SNITCH: a software tool for detecting cut and paste plagiarism,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940242573,10.1037/mil0000032,The pressure is on,"The current study examined the associations among polychronicity, creativity and perceived time pressure in a military context. Polychronicity refers to an individual's preference for working on many tasks simultaneously as opposed to 1 at a time. As hypothesized, polychronicity was negatively related to creativity. In addition, perceived time pressure moderated this relationship. Specifically, polychronic individuals exhibited less creativity when their perceived time pressure was high. The results underscore that, although today's work environment encourages polychronic approach, it, when reinforced with perceived high time pressure, runs the risk of reducing creativity, which is a critical driver for the survival of organizations. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Creativity | Monochronicity | Polychronicity | Time pressure,Military Psychology,2014-01-01,Article,"Kayaalp, Alper",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919385445,10.13085/eIJTUR.11.1.1-12,Software performance engineering: A case study including performance comparison with design alternatives,"Sullivan and Katz-Gerro (2007) as well as Katz-Gerro and Sullivan (2010) argues that engaging in a variety of leisure activities with high frequency is a distinct feature of omnivorous cultural consumption. And like omnivorousness it bears a status-distinctive characteristic. The authors reported, that high status social categories show a more voracious leisure time-use pattern, i.e. engage in a greater number of activities with higher frequency over the period of one week. In this paper we are examining the voraciousness thesis by utilizing a newly proposed measure of activities variety, namely the sequence complexity index, which is developed by Gabadinho et al., 2011. Using data from German Time Use Survey (2000/2001) we focus on cultural leisure activities reported for the weekend. Our results show that complexity as a measure of time-related variety captures significant social differentiation of leisure activities over the weekend. But our complexity-based findings do not support that, that voraciousness understood as high levels of time used for varied leisure activities is also significant at weekend. Beyond that the results support the assumption, that there is social structural framing of a Saturday, where gender, age and marital statues effects on leisure variation come into effect.",Complexity | Germany | Leisure | Social inequality | Time pressure | Time use,Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research,2014-12-01,Article,"Papastefanou, Georgios;Gruhler, Jonathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890835807,10.1016/0950-5849(88)90100-0,Teaching software engineering at university,"This paper aims to examine the influence of innovative cognitive style, proactive personality and working conditions on employee creativity by taking an interactional perspective. Innovative cognitive style refers to individual's idiosyncrasy of thinking about and dealing with original idea, while proactive personality conceptualizes individual's strategic opportunity-seeking behaviors toward exploring novelty. Work discretion and time pressure, two critical contextual factors suggested to impact employee creativity in organizational literature, may also influence how individuals convert their innovative cognitive style and proactive personality into creativity. In an attempt to extend current understanding of creativity in organizations, this study examines the relationship between individual characteristics (innovativeness and proactiveness) and employee creativity, and how the relationship is moderated by work discretion and time pressure. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the proposed hypotheses for a sample of 344 middle-level managers in Taiwanese manufacturing companies, including R&D managers and marketing managers. Results reveal that innovative cognitive style and proactive personality are positively related to employee creativity. Work discretion was found to enhance employee creativity while time pressure was found to constrain creativity. Our findings support the hypothesized moderating effects, indicating that employees will exhibit the highest level of creativity when they possess innovative cognitive style and proactive personality as well as performing tasks with high work discretion and less time pressure. © 2013 PICMET.",,2013 Proceedings of PICMET 2013: Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services,2013-12-26,Conference Paper,"Chang, Yu Yu;Chen, Ming Huei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890819395,10.1007/978-3-642-02152-7_8,Why a CMMI level 5 company fails to meet the deadlines?,"Emergency managers need to make decisions, often with important consequences, under stress and time pressure. When dealing with disasters, identifying hazards, analyzing risks, developing mitigation and response plans, maintaining situational awareness, and supporting response and recovery are complex responsibilities. To implement adequate mitigation measures, emergency managers must make sense of the situation, although information may be lacking, uncertain or conflicting. In order to take effective actions in a disaster, actors are expected to work smoothly together, thus the flow of information is crucial. In this paper we describe a Delphi study on the topic and present two tools used for analyzing the findings of the study. We also discuss computer-assisted qualitative data analysis and the findings of the study, focusing on the better flow of information and interoperability of information systems and organizations. © 2013 PICMET.",,2013 Proceedings of PICMET 2013: Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services,2013-12-26,Conference Paper,"Laakso, Kimmo;Ahokas, Ira",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890070108,10.1016/j.procs.2013.10.043,Software engineering for students: a programming approach,"We examine a model of human causal cognition, which generally deviates from normative systems such as classical logic and probability theory. For two-armed bandit problems, we demonstrate the efficacy of our loosely symmetric model (LS) and its implementation of two cognitive biases peculiar to humans: symmetry and mutual exclusivity. Specifically, we use LS as a simple value function within the framework of reinforcement learning. The resulting cognitively biased valuations precisely describe human causal intuitions. We further show that operating LS under the simplest greedy policy yields superior reliability and robustness, even managing to overcome the usual speed-accuracy trade-off, and effectively removing the need for parameter tuning. © 2013 The Authors.",biconditional reading | causal induction | exploration- exploitation dilemma | mutual exclusivity | n-armed bandit problem | reinforcement learning | speed-accuracy tradeoff | symmetry,Procedia Computer Science,2013-12-16,Conference Paper,"Oyo, Kuratomo;Takahashi, Tatsuji",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897665817,10.1016/j.dss.2013.10.002,Software engineering handbook,"Organizing knowledge workers for specific tasks in a software development process is critical for the success of software projects. Assigning workforce in software projects represents a dynamic and complex problem that concerns the utilization of cross-trained knowledge workers who possess different productivities and error tendencies in coding and defect correction. This complexity is further compounded when the development process follows a software release life cycle and involves major releases of alpha, beta, and final versions in the context of iterative software development. We study this knowledge workforce problem from three essential project management perspectives: (1) timeliness - obtaining shortest development time; (2) effectiveness - satisfying budget constraint; and (3) efficiency - achieving high workforce utilization. We explore ideal workforce composites with two strategic focuses on productivity and quality and with different scenarios of workload ratios. An analytical model is formulated and a meta-heuristic approach based on particle swarm optimization is used to derive solutions in a simulation experiment. Our findings suggest that forming an ideal workforce composite is a non-trivial task and task assignments with divergent focuses for software projects under different workload scenarios require different planning strategies. Practical implications are drawn from our findings to provide insight on effectively planning workforce for software projects with specific goals and considerations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Iterative software development | Knowledge management | Particle swarm optimization | Simulations | Task assignment | Workforce management,Decision Support Systems,2014-03-01,Article,"Shao, Benjamin B.M.;Yin, Peng Yeng;Chen, Andrew N.K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949874829,10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.006,A cost-based approach to software product line management,"This paper presents an initial test of the group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model of group task performance among IT students. We theorize that demands and resources in group work influence formation of perceived group work pressure (GWP) and that heightened levels of GWP inhibit group task performance. A prior study identified 11 factors relating to the task, group, individual, or environment as source factors to GWP. We extended this research by creating and validating scales for each source factor within an integrated GWP instrument. We then applied the instrument in an initial test of the GTD-R model. Results show the GTD-R model provides good predictions of GWP and group task performance. In addition we find GWP, task complexity, and time pressure factors to be higher in IT tasks vs. non-IT tasks described by our student participants. The findings extend demands-resources research from its prior focus on job burnout and exhaustion in individual tasks to incorporate less-intense pressure levels and group task contexts. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Consequences | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,Computers and Education,2010-08-01,Article,"Wilson, E. Vance;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938873635,10.1080/07421222.2014.995563,Software architecture as a set of architectural design decisions,"Programming is riddled with ethical issues. Although extant literature explains why individuals in IT would act unethically in many situations, we know surprisingly little about what causes them to do so during the creative act of programming. To address this issue, we look at the reuse of Internet-accessible code: software source code legally available for gratis download from the Internet. Specifically, we scrutinize the reasons why individuals would unethically reuse such code by not checking or purposefully violating its accompanying license obligations, thus risking harm for their employer. By integrating teleological and deontological ethical judgments into a theory of planned behavior model - using elements of expected utility, deterrence, and ethical work climate theory - we construct an original theoretical framework to capture individuals' decision-making process leading to the unethical reuse of Internet-accessible code. We test this framework with a unique survey of 869 professional software developers. Our findings advance the theoretical and practical understanding of ethical behavior in information systems. We show that programmers use consequentialist ethical judgments when carrying out creative tasks and that ethical work climates influence programmers indirectly through their peers' judgment of what is appropriate behavior. For practice, where code reuse promises substantial efficiency and quality gains, our results highlight that firms can prevent unethical code reuse by informing developers of its negative consequences, building a work climate that fosters compliance with laws and professional codes, and making sure that excessive time pressure is avoided.",code reuse | ethical behavior | information systems ethics | Internet-accessible code | open source software | partial least squares | programming ethics | theory of planned behavior,Journal of Management Information Systems,2014-07-03,Article,"Sojer, Manuel;Alexy, Oliver;Kleinknecht, Sven;Henkel, Joachim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896866548,10.1177/1541931213571013,Usability processes in open source projects,"Software development project and the different phases within the project are constantly improved over the decade with the various methods, approaches and the best practice in the software design development. Stream line development and the One track are method aiming at raising the quality of software product releases by minimising number of faults at the time of delivery. Component software quality has a major influence in development project lead-time and cost. The resulting design delivery to verification phase will be more predictable quality software with shorter lead-time and Time-To-Market (TTM).",,MIPRO 2009 - 32nd International Convention Proceedings: Telecommunications and Information,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hribar, Lovre;Sapunar, Stanko;Burilović, Ante",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889862995,10.1177/1541931213571036,Specification and evaluation of safety properties in a component-based software engineering process,"A variety of factors modify decision making behavior. The current study examines how affective state and inspection duration impact decision time and decision confidence in a simulated luggage screening paradigm. Participants (N=200), from each of three ""affect"" groups-primed for anger, fear, or sadness- And a control group were tasked with detecting weapon targets with inspection durations of either two seconds (high time pressured inspection) or six seconds (low time pressured inspection). Results revealed a main effect for inspection duration on decision time, such that participants with more highly time-pressured inspections had longer decision latencies after the luggage image timed out. There were also main effects for inspection duration and affective condition on decision confidence, such that participants in the low time pressure group had greater decision confidence and participants in the fear group had lower decision confidence than those in the control group. Copyright 2013 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2013-12-13,Conference Paper,"Culley, Kimberly E.;Liechty, Molly M.;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889823351,10.1177/1541931213571169,Teaching software engineering: a practical approach,"In this paper, a methodology with ACT-R cognitive architecture is proposed to quantitatively predict task-related properties that influence mental workload. A mathematical representation of task-related properties over time with respect to an activated time of each module from ACT-R is proposed in this paper. Experiments were performed on menu selection and visual-manual tasks, varied by task difficulty and time pressure. As a result, it was found that predicted values of each task-related property, consisting of physical demand, mental demand, and temporal demand of NASA-TLX achieved by the proposed method, were highly correlated with mean values of subjective rating from subjects. Copyright 2013 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2013-12-13,Conference Paper,"Park, Sungjin;Myung, Rohae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930248085,10.1007/978-3-319-04486-6_14,Concurrent software development,"This chapter introduces students to general concepts and theoretical foundations of managing risks induced by developing and using information technology (IT risks). This chapter first provides an overview of the broad nature of IT risks. We introduce categories of IT risks to illustrate its diverse and heterogeneous causes and consequences as well as possible strategies required to balance the risks and benefits of information systems. Second, we illustrate the interdisciplinary challenges that come with managing IT risks on the most researched form of IT risk, namely IT project risks. We discuss the subjectivity of IT risks, various IT risk assessment techniques, outline the process of managing IT project risks, and introduce the dynamics of IT project risks. Third, we present five perspectives on IT risks as a fruitful lens to structure the variety of topics in IT risk research. Using these five perspectives as a framework, we present the most frequently cited IT risk research papers and theories. We conclude with an IT risk research agenda that posits worthwhile avenues for advancing the understanding and control of IT risks.",Information systems | Information technology | IT projects | IT risk | IT risk management,Risk - A Multidisciplinary Introduction,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Schermann, Michael;Wiesche, Manuel;Hoermann, Stefan;Krcmar, Helmut",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888345284,10.1155/2013/420169,Using simulation to analyse the impact of software requirement volatility on project performance,"In today's society, as computers, the Internet, and mobile phones pervade almost every corner of life, the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on humans is dramatic. The use of ICT, however, may also have a negative side. Human interaction with technology may lead to notable stress perceptions, a phenomenon referred to as technostress. An investigation of the literature reveals that computer users' gender has largely been ignored in technostress research, treating users as ""gender-neutral."" To close this significant research gap, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which we investigated users' physiological reaction to the malfunctioning of technology. Based on theories which explain that men, in contrast to women, are more sensitive to ""achievement stress,"" we predicted that male users would exhibit higher levels of stress than women in cases of system breakdown during the execution of a human-computer interaction task under time pressure, if compared to a breakdown situation without time pressure. Using skin conductance as a stress indicator, the hypothesis was confirmed. Thus, this study shows that user gender is crucial to better understanding the influence of stress factors such as computer malfunctions on physiological stress reactions. © 2013 René Riedl et al.",,Advances in Human-Computer Interaction,2013-12-02,Article,"Riedl, René;Kindermann, Harald;Auinger, Andreas;Javor, Andrija",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888853021,10.1016/j.humov.2013.07.007,ETICS: the international software engineering service for the grid,"The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a speed or accuracy strategy on response interference control during choice step execution. Eighteen healthy young participants were instructed to execute forward stepping on the side indicated by a central arrow (←, left vs. →, right) under task instructions that either emphasized speed or accuracy of response in the neutral condition. In the flanker condition, they were additionally required to ignore the 2 flanking arrows on each side (→→→→→, congruent or →→←→→, incongruent). Errors in the direction of the initial weight transfer (APA errors) and the step execution times were measured from the vertical force data. APA error was increased in response to the flanker task and step execution time was shortened with a speed strategy compared to an accuracy strategy. Furthermore, in response to the visual interference of the flanker task, speed instructions in particular increased APA errors more than other instructions. It may be important to manipulate the level of the speed-accuracy trade-off to improve efficiency and safety. Further research is needed to explore the effects of advancing age and disability on choice step reaction in a speed or accuracy strategy. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Attention | Executive function | Postural control | Reaction time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Human Movement Science,2013-12-01,Article,"Uemura, Kazuki;Oya, Toshihisa;Uchiyama, Yasushi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-47849095898,10.1109/PICMET.2007.4349537,An industry approach to the software engineering course,"Increasingly, consulting firms are employed by client organizations to participate in the implementation of enterprise systems projects. Such consultant-assisted IS projects differ from internal and outsourced IS projects in two important respects. First, the joint project team consists of members from client and consulting organizations that may have conflicting goals and incompatible work practices. Second, close collaboration between the client and consulting organizations is required throughout the course of the project. Consequently, coordination is more complex for consultant-assisted projects and is critical for project success. Drawing from coordination and agency theories, we developed a research model to investigate how client-consultant coordination can help build relationships based on trust and goal congruence and achieve higher project performance. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using data collected from 324 projects. The results provide strong support for the model. Client-consultant coordination was found to have the largest overall significant effect on performance. However, its effect was achieved indirectly by building trust and goal congruence and reducing requirements uncertainty. The positive effects of trust and goal congruence on project performance demonstrate the importance of managing the client-consultant relationship in such projects. Project uncertainty, including both technical and requirements uncertainty, was found to negatively affect project performance, as expected. This study represents a step towards the development of a new theory on the role of interorganizational coordination. © 2007 PICMET.",,Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Liberatore, Matthew J.;Wenhong, Luo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905965277,10.1080/1359432X.2012.704155,"Understanding relationships among teleworkers'e-mail usage, e-mail richness perceptions, and e-mail productivity perceptions under a software engineering …","Demands and resources of the work experience have been shown to be important antecedents to development of job burnout and exhaustion among individual workers, and a recent line of research has applied the demands-resources perspective to model pressures that can arise in group work. We conducted a study of the group task demands-resources model to extend testing from information technology (IT) student group settings-where the model was developed-to the context of group work among IT professionals. We find that most antecedents in the model are predictive of group work pressure or task performance satisfaction, however, several important differences emerged in findings between prior tests with IT students and the IT professionals we surveyed in this study.",IT workgroups | Stress | Work pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Djamasbi, Soussan;Sheetz, Steven D.;Webber, Joanna",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84960112978,10.1016/j.infsof.2016.01.002,SimSE: A Software Engineering Simulation Environment for Software Process Education DISSERTATION,"Context Software testing is the key to ensuring a successful and reliable software product or service, yet testing is often considered uninteresting work compared to design or coding. As any human-based activity, the outcome of the final software product is dependent of human factors and an essential challenge for software development organizations is to find effective ways to enhance the motivation and job-satisfaction of their testers. Objective Our study aims to cast light on how professional software testers can be motivated and we explore the policies and rules conceptualized and implemented inside software development projects. Method This paper presents the results of an empirical study that collected data through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 36 practitioners from 12 companies in Norway. The data collection was performed over a two years period and investigates the strategies applied by the companies for stimulating their testers, while considering the motivational and de-motivational factors influencing the testing personnel. Results Our results provide a set of motivational and de-motivational factors for software testing personnel and present the strategies deployed by the companies for stimulating their testing staff. Conclusions The study shows that combining testing responsibilities with development and ensuring a variety of engaging, challenging tasks and products does increase the satisfaction of testing personnel. However, despite the systematic and sincere effort invested in recognizing the importance of testing and motivating the testers, heavy emphasis is laid on minimizing project costs and duration. The results could help the companies in organizing and managing processes and stimulate their testing personnel, which will lead to better job satisfaction and productivity.",Human factors | Management | Motivation | Software development | Software testing | Testers,Information and Software Technology,2016-05-01,Article,"Deak, Anca;Stålhane, Tor;Sindre, Guttorm",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84968718655,10.1287/mnsc.2015.2196,BBN-based software project risk management,"Enterprise software systems are required to be highly reliable because they are central to the business operations of most firms. However, configuring and maintaining these systems can be highly complex, making it challenging to achieve high reliability. Resource-constrained software teams facing business pressures can be tempted to take design shortcuts in order to deliver business functionality more quickly. These design shortcuts and other maintenance activities contribute to the accumulation of technical debt, that is, a buildup of software maintenance obligations that need to be addressed in the future. We model and empirically analyze the impact of technical debt on system reliability by utilizing a longitudinal data set spanning the 10-year life cycle of a commercial enterprise system deployed at 48 different client firms. We use a competing risks analysis approach to discern the interdependency between client and vendor maintenance activities. This allows us to assess the effect of both problematic client modifications (client errors) and software errors present in the vendor-supplied platform (vendor errors) on system failures. We also examine the relative effects of modular and architectural maintenance activities undertaken by clients in order to analyze the dynamics of technical debt reduction. The results of our analysis first establish that technical debt decreases the reliability of enterprise systems. Second, modular maintenance targeted to reduce technical debt was approximately 53% more effective than architectural maintenance in reducing the probability of a system failure due to client errors, but it had the side effect of increasing the chance of a system failure due to vendor errors by approximately 83% more than did architectural maintenance activities. Using our empirical results we illustrate how firms could evaluate their business risk exposure due to technical debt accumulation in their enterprise systems, and we assess the estimated net effects, both positive and negative, of a range of software maintenance practices. Finally, we discuss implications for research in measuring and managing technical debt in enterprise systems.",Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software | Competing risks modeling | Customization | Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems | Enterprise systems | Software complexity | Software maintenance | Software product management | Software reliability | Software risks | Technical debt,Management Science,2016-05-01,Article,"Ramasubbu, Narayan;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890211440,10.1121/1.4824930,On software engineering education: experiences with the software hut game,"The present study investigated whether extreme phonetic reduction could result from acute time pressure, i.e., when a segment is given less articulation time than its minimum duration, as defined by Klatt [(1973). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1102-1104]. Taiwan Mandarin was examined for its known high frequency of extreme reduction. Native speakers produced sentences containing nonsense disyllabic words with varying phonetic structures at different speech rates. High frequency words from spontaneous speech corpora were also examined for severe reduction. Results show that extreme reduction occurs frequently in nonsense words whenever local speech rate is roughly doubled from normal speech rate. The mean duration at which extreme reduction begins occurring is consistent with previously reported minimum segmental duration, maximum repetition rate and the rate of fast speech at which intelligibility is significantly reduced. Further examination of formant peak velocities as a function of formant displacement from both laboratory and corpus data shows that articulatory strength is not decreased during reduction. It is concluded that extreme reduction is not a feature unique only to high frequency words or casual speech, but a severe form of undershoot that occurs whenever time pressure is too great to allow the minimum execution of the required articulatory movement. © 2013 Acoustical Society of America.",,Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2013-12-01,Article,"Cheng, Chierh;Xu, Yi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84994121044,10.1145/2568225.2568245,Introducing new software engineering graduates to the 'real world'at the GPT company,"Time pressure is prevalent in the software industry in which shorter and shorter deadlines and high customer demands lead to increasingly tight deadlines. However, the effects of time pressure have received little attention in software engineering research. We performed a controlled experiment on time pressure with 97 observations from 54 subjects. Using a two-by-two crossover design, our subjects performed requirements review and test case development tasks. We found statistically significant evidence that time pressure increases efficiency in test case development (high effect size Cohens d=1.279) and in requirements review (medium effect size Cohens d=0.650). However, we found no statistically significant evidence that time pressure would decrease effectiveness or cause adverse effects on motivation, frustration or perceived performance. We also investigated the role of knowledge but found no evidence of the mediating role of knowledge in time pressure as suggested by prior work, possibly due to our subjects. We conclude that applying moderate time pressure for limited periods could be used to increase efficiency in software engineering tasks that are well structured and straight forward.",Experiment | Review | Test case development | Time pressure,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2014-05-31,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Petersen, Kai;Lehtinen, Timo O.A.;Lassenius, Casper",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886997011,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.401-403.504,Are you biting off more than you can chew? A case study on causes and effects of overscoping in large-scale software engineering,"The fluid flow of the time-pressure dispensing system was analyzed. Dispensing fluid was analyzed by finite element modeling based on N-S equation. Use CFX module to simulate dispensing process, and obtain the flow field's corresponding velocity & pressure distributions. Study the change rules of the adhesive amount dispensed affected by the inlet pressure, diameter and length of the needle. Finally, compare simulation values with the spectral method for two order approximations, the reliability and applicability of the model is proved. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",CFX | Dispensing modeling | Numerical simulation | Time-pressure dispensing,Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013-11-08,Conference Paper,"Deng, Luo Hong;Chen, Zai Liang;Yang, Xiao Min;Chen, Zhen Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886830690,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.397-400.91,Software risk management and avoidance strategy,"Because of changes of the epoxy amount in syringe and air compressibility, the time-pressure dispensing has proven to be a challenging task in achieving a high degree of consistency in the dispensed liquid dots volume. Taking residual pressure and non-Newtonian fluid into consideration, a self-adaptive model of the dispensed liquid dots volume was developed for the whole dispensing process. Based on the liquid dots volume model, combined with the syringe air chamber volume prediction model, a time-pressure switch control method was put forward following the principle of time preference control. Numerical simulation has been conducted in the MATLAB using the conventional PI algorithm. Results show that the self-adaptive model can be very well response to the influences of air chamber volume changes to the dispensed liquid dots volume and the proposed control method can significantly improve the dots volume consistency. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Fluid dispensing | Residual pressure | Self-adaptive model | Switch control,Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013-11-07,Conference Paper,"Chen, Cong Ping;Zhang, Tao;Guo, Shi Jie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745212048,,Social and technical reasons for software project failures,"Major software projects have been troubling business activities for more than 50 years. Of any known business activity, software projects have the highest probability of being cancelled or delayed. Once delivered, these projects display excessive error quantities and low levels of reliability. Both technical and social issues are associated with software project failures. Among the social issues that contribute to project failures are the rejections of accurate estimates and the forcing of projects to adhere to schedules that are essentially impossible. Among the technical issues that contribute to project failures are the lack of modern estimating approaches and the failure to plan for requirements growth during development. However, it is not a law of nature that software projects will run late, be cancelled, or be unreliable after deployment. A careful program of risk analysis and risk abatement can lower the probability of a major software disaster.",,CrossTalk,2006-06-01,Article,"Jones, Capers",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84933671215,10.3389/fnhum.2013.00697,Software and software engineering,"We report three experiments investigating the hypothesis that use of internal visual imagery (IVI) would be superior to external visual imagery (EVI) for the performance of different slalom-based motor tasks. In Experiment 1, three groups of participants (IVI, EVI, and a control group) performed a driving-simulation slalom task. The IVI group achieved significantly quicker lap times than EVI and the control group. In Experiment 2, participants performed a downhill running slalom task under both IVI and EVI conditions. Performance was again quickest in the IVI compared to EVI condition, with no differences in accuracy. Experiment 3 used the same group design as Experiment 1, but with participants performing a downhill ski-slalom task. Results revealed the IVI group to be significantly more accurate than the control group, with no significant differences in time taken to complete the task. These results support the beneficial effects of IVI for slalom-based tasks, and significantly advances our knowledge related to the differential effects of visual imagery perspectives on motor performance. © 2013 Callow, Roberts, Hardy, Jiang and Edwards.",Imagery ability | Kinesthetic imagery | Mental practice | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | VMIQ-2,Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2013-10-21,Article,"Callow, Nichola;Roberts, Ross;Hardy, Lew;Jiang, Dan;Edwards, Martin Gareth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889563049,10.1016/j.humov.2012.07.005,Market-driven requirements engineering for software products,"This paper reports the results of a model-based analysis of movements gathered in a 4. ×. 4 experimental design of speed/accuracy tradeoffs with variable target distances and width. Our study was performed on a large (120 participants) and varied sample (both genders, wide age range, various health conditions). The delta-lognormal equation was used for data modeling to investigate the interaction between the output of the agonist and the antagonist neuromuscular systems. Empirical observations show that the subjects must correlate more tightly the impulse commands sent to both neuromuscular systems in order to achieve good performances as the difficulty of the task increases whereas the correlation in the timing of the neuromuscular action co-varies with the size of the geometrical properties of the task. These new phenomena are discussed under the paradigm provided by the Kinematic Theory and new research hypotheses are proposed for further investigation of the speed/accuracy tradeoffs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Cognitive sciences | Motor performance | Motor processes | Neurosciences | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Human Movement Science,2013-10-01,Article,"O'Reilly, Christian;Plamondon, Réjean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84978128816,10.1108/ITP-04-2014-0076,Application of Software Engineering Fundamentals: A Hands on Experience.,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the structural design of customer teams (CuTes) working with external teams to implement customized information systems (IS). Design consists of theoretically based measures and a first set of real-world, empirical values. Design/methodology/approach – A search in the organizational literature suggested that the adhocracy is the preferred structure for CuTes. Adhocracy-like measures were then developed and applied to a high-performance CuTe to reveal a first benchmark for a team’s adhocratic design. Findings – High-performance CuTes do not necessarily implement the adhocratic principles to the highest degree. Research limitations/implications – It is still open whether all the structural measures described here are necessary and sufficient to describe the adhocracy-like structural design of CuTes. Practical implications – The CuTe is highlighted as the key incumbent of cooperation with the technology supplier and consultants in terms of project authority and responsibility. A psychometric instrument and real-world values are proposed as a reference for the structural design of high-performance CuTes. Social implications – The performance of IS projects is a social concern, since IS products should be aimed at serving people better both inside and outside the organization. Professionals who work in CuTes to develop better IS should receive institutional recognition and management attention. Originality/value – This study seems to be the first to discuss the structure of CuTes in customized IS projects from a theoretical and applied perspective.",Adhocracy | Enterprise resource planning (ERP) (packaged systems) | High-performance work | Information systems development (ISD) | IS metrics | IS professionals | IT project management | Organizational structure | Socio-technical theory | Teams,Information Technology and People,2016-08-01,Article,"Bellini, Carlo Gabriel Porto;Pereira, Rita de Cássia de Faria;Becker, João Luiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870160482,10.1007/978-3-642-38844-6_31,Motivations and measurements in an agile case study,"What are the roles of time and time pressures in design and performance of agile processes for software development? How do we plan our rapid development activities given the constraints of due dates? What does it mean to be on 'internet time'? Agile methods are meant to be fast-paced, but are they fast in an effective way? How do time-pressures influence the productivity of a project team and how do they impact the motivations of developers? This paper considers the time issues in agile approaches to managing software projects and posits research propositions to guide further study of this area.",Adaptable Software Development | Software Product Development | Time Pressures,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harris, Michael L.;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Predicting defect types in software projects,"Improving the creativity and innovation student's skills is a key point for most of educational institutions. Created by ESTIA in 2007, ""The 24h of innovation®"" (www.24h.estia.fr) is a 24 hours nonstop challenge to develop creative and innovative concepts of products (mechanical, electronic, software...) and services. The concept of this event is simple: projects and topics are proposed by companies, labs, association and they are unveiled at the beginning of the competition. Teams are freely composed of a mix of any volunteers (students, researchers, teachers, consultants, free-lances, employees...). After 24 hours of development, teams present their results in a show of 3 minutes in front of a jury of professionals in the field of innovation. The winner teams receive the ""24h of innovation"" awards and they receive prizes offered by the sponsors of the event. Since 2007, 3500 participants coming from more than 70 schools & university of 40 different countries have attended one of the 10 editions organized in France and Québec. More than 200 projects have been developed for 100 companies. This full paper is focus on the analysis of time pressure to foster the creativity of students and their skills to produce innovative work. © 2013 IEEE.",Creativity | Innovation | students challenge | The 24h of innovation,"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on European Association for Education in Electrical and Information Engineering, EAEEIE 2013",2013-09-05,Conference Paper,"Legardeur, Jérémy;Lizarralde, Iban;Real, Marion",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870510800,10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.016,A template for real world team projects for highly populated software engineering classes,"This paper introduces the study of group work pressure (GWP) in information technology (IT) task groups. We theorize that GWP arises from demands and resources in group work and that high levels of GWP inhibit group performance. To identify the constructs of a new group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model, we solicit subjects' descriptions of factors associated with high and low pressure group work situations they have experienced. We find that GWP is composed of characteristics of the task, group, environment, and individuals in the environment. Group characteristics include expertise of the group, group history, and degree of interpersonal conflicts. Individual characteristics include task motivation, personal expertise, and positive/negative consequences. Task complexity, time pressure, and external resources available to the group complete the model tasks. The findings extend prior demands-resources research, suggesting a research model for future study and practical mechanisms for reducing undesirable effects of GWP.",Consequences | Group task demand-resources (GTD-R) model | Group work pressure (GWP) | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880286405,10.1016/j.econlet.2013.06.005,A domain-specific software architecture for adaptive intelligent systems,"Arad and Rubinstein (2012a) have designed a novel game to study level-. k reasoning experimentally. Just like them, we find that the depth of reasoning is very limited and clearly different from that in equilibrium play. We show that such behavior is even robust to repetitions; hence there is, at best, little learning. However, under time pressure, behavior is, perhaps coincidentally, closer to that in equilibrium play. We argue that time pressure evokes intuitive reasoning and reduces the focal attraction of choosing higher (and per se more profitable) numbers in the game. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Experiment | Level-k reasoning | Repetition | Time pressure,Economics Letters,2013-09-01,Article,"Lindner, Florian;Sutter, Matthias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,Fitts' throughput and the speed-accuracy tradeoff,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880989300,10.1037/a0031533,Speed–accuracy tradeoff in Fitts' law tasks—on the equivalency of actual and nominal pointing precision,"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with performance deficits across a broad range of tasks. Although individual tasks are designed to tap specific cognitive functions (e.g., memory, inhibition, planning, etc.), these deficits could also reflect general effects related to either inefficient or impulsive information processing or both. These two components cannot be isolated from each other on the basis of classical analysis in which mean reaction time (RT) and mean accuracy are handled separately. Method: Seventy children with a diagnosis of combined type ADHD and 50 healthy controls (between 6 and 17 years) performed two tasks: a simple two-choice RT (2-CRT) task and a conflict control task (CCT) that required higher levels of executive control. RT and errors were analyzed using the Ratcliff diffusion model, which divides decisional time into separate estimates of information processing efficiency (called ""drift rate"") and speed-accuracy tradeoff (SATO, called ""boundary""). The model also provides an estimate of general nondecisional time. Results: Results were the same for both tasks independent of executive load. ADHD was associated with lower drift rate and less nondecisional time. The groups did not differ in terms of boundary parameter estimates. Conclusion: RT and accuracy performance in ADHD appears to reflect inefficient rather than impulsive information processing, an effect independent of executive function load. The results are consistent with models in which basic information processing deficits make an important contribution to the ADHD cognitive phenotype. © 2013 American Psychological Association.","Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | Ratcliff Diffusion Model | Reaction time, information processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff",Neuropsychology,2013-01-01,Article,"Metin, Baris;Roeyers, Herbert;Wiersema, Jan R.;Van Der Meere, Jaap J.;Thompson, Margaret;Sonuga-Barke, Edmund",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944449466,10.1007/978-3-642-38862-0_37,Speed-accuracy tradeoff during performance of a tracking task without visual feedback,"Is a focus on information systems or information technology success a myopic view of evaluating IT success and failure? Are success and failure the opposite ends of a continuum for evaluating IT projects? Conventional measures of success such as meeting cost, time, budgets, and user needs do not address positives that can emerge from failures. We contend that a focus on success and failing to factor the possibility of failure actually hamper IT projects. An organizational mandate that does not allow for failure does not promote risk taking and innovation. It can also foster a project climate fraught with undesirable or unethical behavior and stress among developers, while failing to capture positive lessons that could emerge from IT project failure.",Innovation | IS success evaluation | IT failure,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ambrose, Paul J.;Munro, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953782801,10.1109/CSCWD.2010.5471998,Cortico-striatal connections predict control over speed and accuracy in perceptual decision making,"The software industry has recognized the importance of teamwork as a driver for good projects results. However teamwork is not an easy goal to reach, because there is a large list of variables affecting the process. Each project probably will require a particular recipe to promote and perform real teamwork. Therefore a one-size fits-all approach does not work to promote teamwork in the software development scenarios. This article presents an influence model that helps the development teams to find a strategy that allow them to carry out teamwork. This model is the result of an analysis conducted by the authors on 27 software projects performed in a controlled setting in an academic environment. © 2010 IEEE.",Human behavior | Software development teams | Teamwork,"Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marques, Maira;Ochoa, Sergio F.;Quispe, Alcides;Silvestre, Luis;Villena, Agustin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880605520,10.1080/08870446.2013.766734,Designing and Engineering Time: The Psychology of Time Perception in Software (Adobe Reader),"Time pressure is often cited as a reason for non-attendance at mammography screening, although evidence from other areas of psychology suggests that time pressure can improve performance when barriers such as time pressure provide a challenge. We predicted that time pressure would negatively predict attendance in women whose self-efficacy for overcoming time pressure is low, but positively predict attendance when self-efficacy is high. Time pressure was operationalised as the self-reported number of dependent children and others, and average number of working hours per week. Australian women were surveyed after being invited to attend second or subsequent screenings at a free public screening service, and subsequent attendance monitored until six months after screening was due. The majority (87.5%) attended screening. Women with more dependent children and higher self-efficacy showed greater attendance likelihood, and women with fewer non-child dependants and lower self-efficacy were less likely to attend. Working hours did not predict attendance. Findings provide partial support for the idea that time pressure acts as a challenge for women with high self-efficacy. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",breast cancer | mammography attendance | screening | self-efficacy | time pressure,Psychology and Health,2013-08-01,Article,"Brown, Stephen L.;Gibney, Triecia M.;Tarling, Rachel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880963707,10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.06.001,The value of a usability-supporting architectural pattern in software architecture design: a controlled experiment,"There can be systematic biases in time estimation when it is performed in complex multitasking situations. In this paper we focus on the mechanisms that cause participants to tend to respond too quickly and underestimate a target interval (250-400. ms) in a complex, real-time task. We hypothesized that two factors are responsible for the too-early bias: (1) Memory contamination from an even shorter time interval in the task, and (2) time pressure to take appropriate actions in time. In a simpler experiment that was focused on just these two factors, we found a strong too-early bias when participants estimated the target interval in alternation with a shorter interval and when they had little time to perform the task. The too-early bias was absent when they estimated the target interval in isolation without contamination and time pressure. A strong too-late bias occurred when the target interval alternated with a longer interval and there was no time pressure to respond. The effects were captured by incorporating the timing model of Taatgen and van Rijn (2011) into the ACT-R model for the Space Fortress task (Bothell, 2010). The results show that to properly understand time estimation in a dynamic task one needs to model the multiple influences that are occurring from the surrounding context. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Cognitive model | Memory | Multitasking | Time estimation | Time pressure,Cognitive Psychology,2013-08-01,Article,"Moon, Jungaa;Anderson, John R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879733737,10.1108/MAJ-10-2012-0761,Do humans produce the speed–accuracy trade-off that maximizes reward rate?,"The purpose of this paper is to address the impact of ethical culture on audit quality under conditions of time budget pressure. The study also tests the relationship between ethical culture and time budget pressure. The study is based on a field survey of financial auditors employed by audit firms operating in Sweden. The study finds relationships between three ethical culture factors and reduced audit quality acts. The ethical environment and the use of penalties to enforce ethical norms are negatively related to reduced audit quality acts, whereas the demand for obedience to authorities is positively related to reduced audit quality acts. Underreporting of time is not related to ethical culture, but is positively related to time budget pressure. Finally, the study finds a relationship between two ethical culture factors and time budget pressure, indicating a possible causal relationship, but ethical culture does not mediate an indirect effect of time budget pressure on reduced audit quality acts. This is the first study to report the effect of ethical culture on dysfunctional auditor behavior using actual selfreported frequencies of reduced audit quality acts and underreporting of time as data. © 2013, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Audit quality | Auditing | Auditors | Ethical culture | Ethics | Sweden | Time budget pressure,Managerial Auditing Journal,2013-07-19,Article,"Svanberg, Jan;Öhman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883789728,10.1109/ICGSE.2007.20,Do gradations of time zone separation make a difference in performance? A first laboratory study,"It is a studying worthy problem in interface design whether the operator can deal with lots of information quickly and correctly under time pressure in human-computer interaction of a complex system. How to use reasonable encoding models to optimize interface design is researched in this paper, according to the influences of time pressures on cognitive behaviors. According to the variable-level description of the Subject Workload Assessment Technique and vision gaze, time pressures is divided into three levels as high, medium, low, and the presentation time of each level corresponds to 200, 600 and 1000 ms. With the help of the experiment, the influences of time pressures on color and shape cognition are analyzed. The results show that the cognition of color was more and quicker than the cognition of shape under time pressures within 1000 ms. Finally, the improved effect of color encoding on rapid recognition of multiple messages was tested and verified, with the emulational interface design of A320 airplane Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor system as demonstrative object.",Color encoding | Shape encoding | Time pressure | Visual cognitive capacity,Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao/Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics,2013-07-01,Article,"Li, Jing;Xue, Chengqi;Wang, Haiyan;Zhou, Lei;Niu, Yafeng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893443499,10.1037/a0033085,A practical guide to controlled experiments of software engineering tools with human participants,"The objective of this article is to investigate transformational leadership as a potential moderator of the negative relationship of time pressure to work-life balance and of the positive relationship between time pressure and exhaustion. Recent research regards time pressure as a challenge stressor; while being positively related to motivation and performance, time pressure also increases employee strain and decreases well-being. Building on the Job Demand-Resources model, we hypothesize that transformational leadership moderates the relationships between time pressure and both employees' exhaustion and work-life balance such that both relationships will be weaker when transformational leadership is higher. Of seven information technology organizations in Germany, 262 employees participated in the study. Established scales for time pressure, transformational leadership, work-life balance, and exhaustion were used, all showing good internal consistencies. The results support our assumptions. Specifically, we find that under high transformational leadership the impact of time pressure on exhaustion and work-life balance was less strong. The results of this study suggest that, particularly under high time pressure, transformational leadership is an important factor for both employees' work-life balance and exhaustion © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Emotional exhaustion | Job demands | Time pressure | Transformational leadership | Work-life balance,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2013-07-01,Article,"Syrek, Christine J.;Apostel, Ella;Antoni, Conny H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880613867,10.1080/10548408.2013.803399,Increasing speed of processing with action video games,"The consumer travel fair is a well-known vacation marketing event in Singapore. Travel product/package promotions at the Singapore travel fair are only available for 3 days. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time pressure and consumer value of travel fair products through their perceptions of scarcity, price, and quality. These constructs were examined using two types of mediation models. A random sample survey of 251 travel fair visitors were collected to verify the conceptual model proposed to integrate these constructs. The study found the mediated relationship between time pressure and consumer value was significant. Additionally, the signs for the total indirect effects were consistent with the proposed mediation models. The results are important from managerial and personal selling perspectives. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Consumer travel fair | mediation models | perceived value | time pressure,Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2013-07-01,Article,"Lim, Christine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880285493,10.1080/02642069.2013.719887,Model for accurate speed measurement using double-loop detectors,"This study applies Beatty and Elizabeth Ferrell's impulse buying model to investigate consumers' buying impulses after receiving digital media promotions for limited-time-only sale for services. The influences of consumers' positive affect and impulse buying tendency on their felt urge to buy impulsively were explored. Questionnaires were utilized to survey consumers and structural equation modeling was adopted to explore the causal relationship among the constructs. The results indicated that consumers generate more positive affect if they perceive less time pressure or more money available. The results also revealed the direct effect of consumer positive affect and impulse buying tendency on their felt urge to buy impulsively. The study verifies the successful application of the impulse buying model to the promotion of services through digital media. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",buying impulse | digital media | perishability | time pressure,Service Industries Journal,2013-07-01,Article,"Lin, Pei Chun;Lin, Zhou Hern",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880117547,10.1177/0961463X13478052,Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems,"In this study, the influence of contemporaneous and retrospective recall of time pressure on the experience of time was examined. Participants (N = 868) first indicated how fast the previous week, month, year, and 10 years had passed. No effects of age were found, except on the 10-year interval. The participants were subsequently asked how much time pressure they experienced presently and how much time pressure they had experienced 10 years ago. Participants who indicated that they were currently experiencing much time pressure reported that time was passing quickly on the shorter time intervals, whereas participants who indicated that they had been experiencing much time pressure 10 years ago reported that the previous 10 years had passed quickly. Cross-sectional comparisons of past and present time pressure suggested that participants systematically underestimated past time pressure. This memory bias offers an explanation of why life appears to speed up as people get older. © 2013, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",Aging | autobiographical memory | experience of time | time estimation | time pressure,Time & Society,2013-01-01,Article,"Janssen, Steve M.j.;Naka, Makiko;Friedman, William J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879119609,10.1016/j.trf.2013.05.002,Blueprint for a high performance NLP Infrastructure,"Little is known about how time pressure affects driving behavior. The present questionnaire-based research addresses this gap in the literature. We used roadside assessment, out-of context self-assessment and hetero-assessment approaches. These approaches (1) identify situational factors eliciting time pressure behind the wheel, (2) explore the emotional reactions of time-pressured drivers, and (3) investigate links between time pressure and risky driving. Our results suggest that time constraints, time uncertainty and goal importance are causal factors for time pressure, which is mostly encountered chronically in professional fields requiring driving. Time pressure is associated with negative emotions and stress, though some motorists also appreciate driving under time pressure because doing so potentially heightens feelings of self-efficacy. Time pressure might increase risk taking, but self-reported accidents were not more numerous. This null finding is critically discussed, but it could result from increased driving ability in chronically time pressured drivers and from adequate adjustments of other drivers. Assessments of objective and subjective factors should be integrated in interventions designed to help working people cope with time pressure behind the wheel. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Car driving | Emotion | Risk | Time pressure | Work,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2013-01-01,Article,"Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Naveteur, Janick;Antoine, Pascal;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879119770,10.1016/j.jsr.2013.03.005,The physics of optimal decision making: a formal analysis of models of performance in two-alternative forced-choice tasks.,"Introduction Group safety climate is a leading indicator of safety performance in high reliability organizations. Zohar and Luria (2005) developed a Group Safety Climate scale (ZGSC) and found it to have a single factor. Method The ZGSC scale was used as a basis in this study with the researchers rewording almost half of the items on this scale, changing the referents from the leader to the group, and trying to validate a two-factor scale. The sample was composed of 566 employees in 50 groups from a Spanish nuclear power plant. Item analysis, reliability, correlations, aggregation indexes and CFA were performed. Results Results revealed that the construct was shared by each unit, and our reworded Group Safety Climate (GSC) scale showed a one-factor structure and correlated to organizational safety climate, formalized procedures, safety behavior, and time pressure. ""Impact on Industry This validation of the one-factor structure of the Zohar and Luria (2005) scale could strengthen and spread this scale and measure group safety climate more effectively. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.",group level safety climate | group perceptions | Safety climate | supervisor perceptions,Journal of Safety Research,2013-06-24,Article,"Navarro, M. Felisa Latorre;Gracia Lerín, Francisco J.;Tomás, Inés;Peiró Silla, José María",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,Higher isn't necessarily better: Visibility algorithms and experiments,"The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878547439,10.1201/b14769-70,Applying code inspection to spreadsheet testing,"On 9 June 2011 a freight train caught fire in the Simplon Tunnel. Ten railcars burned out completely, so that both bores of the 20 km tunnel, linking Brig (in Switzerland) to Iselle (in Italy), had to be closed completely until the fire could be extinguished. After that, the damaged bore was out of operation for several months for restoration. Inside the damaged bore, the railway technology was completely destroyed in the area of the fire, extending some 300 m. The lining and the drainage systems were also substantially damaged. The structural repair of the tunnel had to be tackled as soon as the railcars and debris had been cleared. After determining the zones in which the lining was no longer sustainable and deciding which measures to take, the repair of the lining involved the application of new solutions. The restoration work had to be carried out under both time pressure and the restrictions resulting from the conditions inside the tunnel. In the end it was decided not to reopen the tunnel provisionally within a short space of time, but to undertake lengthier, definitive repairs. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.",,"Underground - The Way to the Future: Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress, WTC 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kradolfer, W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85028149705,10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.017,An evaluation of an eye tracker as a device for computer input2,"The contribution of retailing to total airport revenue is becoming more important. This study examines the relationship between passengers' shopping motivations and their commercial activities at airports, as well as the moderating effects of time pressure and impulse buying on this relationship. A sample of passenger survey data was collected at Taiwan's Taoyuan International Airport. Three shopping motivations, namely, ""favorable price and quality"", ""environment and communication"", and ""culture and atmosphere,"" are identified based on the results of factor analysis. The results reveal that passenger shopping motivations have positive impacts on commercial activities at the airport, and furthermore both time pressure and impulse buying tendency moderate the relationship between shopping motivations and commercial activities.",Airport | Commercial activities | Impulse buying tendency | Shopping motivations | Time pressure,Tourism Management,2013-06-01,Article,"Lin, Yi Hsin;Chen, Ching Fu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878088274,10.1177/0146167213482984,The BUMP model of response planning: Variable horizon predictive control accounts for the speed–accuracy tradeoffs and velocity profiles of aimed movement,"Four experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that performance is particularly undermined by time pressure when people are avoidance motivated. The results supported this hypothesis across three different types of tasks, including those well suited and those ill suited to the type of information processing evoked by avoidance motivation. We did not find evidence that stress-related emotions were responsible for the observed effect. Avoidance motivation is certainly necessary and valuable in the self-regulation of everyday behavior. However, our results suggest that given its nature and implications, it seems best that avoidance motivation is avoided in situations that involve (time) pressure. © 2013 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.",avoidance motivation | cognitive load | cognitive resources | performance | time pressure,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2013-06-01,Article,"Roskes, Marieke;Elliot, Andrew J.;Nijstad, Bernard A.;De Dreu, Carsten K.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011068281,10.1111/jasp.12138,On the validity of using First-Person Shooters for Fitts' law studies,"Indirect system use refers to a user (the principal) performs IS-related tasks via another user (the agent). Despite the prevalence of indirect system use, the extant literature on system usage and its performance mainly focuses on direct system use. During the process of indirect system use, the goal conflict and information asymmetry could arise between the principal and the agent, which create challenges of appropriately managing the agent's behavior. Drawing on the Agency theory, we propose that indirect system use can be categorized into two types: behavior-oriented indirect system use and outcome-oriented indirect system use. A conceptual model is constructed to theoretically understand how these two types of indirect system use impact task performance differently and contingent on the extent of task complexity.",Agency theory | Behavior-oriented indirect system use | Outcome-oriented indirect system use | Task complexity | Task performance,"Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yujing;Tong, Yu;Liao, Stephen Shaoyi;Yu, Yugang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030973097,,An introduction to computer-aided design,"CAD systems for textile design use complex computers and are often described in 'computer speak' - to the confusion of all but computer professionals. Here, the concept of the CAD system and a glossary of common CAD terms are introduced.",,Man-made Textiles in India,1997-01-01,Article,"Man-made Textiles in India, ",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877933080,10.1145/2470654.2466181,"Software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure attributes and architecture tradeoffs","One of the fundamental operations in today's user interfaces is pointing to targets, such as menus, buttons, and text. Making an error when selecting those targets in real-life user interfaces often results in some cost to the user. However, the existing target-directed pointing models do not consider the cost of error when predicting task completion time. In this paper, we present a model based on expected value theory that predicts the impact of the error cost on the user's completion time for target-directed pointing tasks. We then present a target-directed pointing user study, which results show that time-based costs of error significantly impact the user's performance. Our results also show that users perform according to an expected completion time utility function and that optimal performance computed using our model gives good prediction of the observed task completion times. Copyright © 2013 ACM.",Error cost | Fitts' law | Movement time | Pointing errors | Pointing time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2013-05-27,Conference Paper,"Banovic, Nikola;Grossman, Tovi;Fitzmaurice, George",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846032652,10.2307/25148734,Software engineering meets control theory,"We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies and how appropriately devised managerial interventions (e.g., coordination mechanisms and organizational learning practices) can lessen these conflicts. A study of software reuse programs in four organizations was conducted to assess the validity of the model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained showed that companies that had implemented such managerial interventions experienced greater success with their software reuse programs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.",Coordination mechanisms | Disruptive IT innovations | Goal conflict | Organizational learning | Software reuse,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Sherif, Karma;Zmud, Robert W.;Browne, Glenn J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011068281,10.1109/HICSS.2013.151,Systematic development of requirements documentation for general purpose scientific computing software,"Indirect system use refers to a user (the principal) performs IS-related tasks via another user (the agent). Despite the prevalence of indirect system use, the extant literature on system usage and its performance mainly focuses on direct system use. During the process of indirect system use, the goal conflict and information asymmetry could arise between the principal and the agent, which create challenges of appropriately managing the agent's behavior. Drawing on the Agency theory, we propose that indirect system use can be categorized into two types: behavior-oriented indirect system use and outcome-oriented indirect system use. A conceptual model is constructed to theoretically understand how these two types of indirect system use impact task performance differently and contingent on the extent of task complexity.",Agency theory | Behavior-oriented indirect system use | Outcome-oriented indirect system use | Task complexity | Task performance,"Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yujing;Tong, Yu;Liao, Stephen Shaoyi;Yu, Yugang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875713438,10.1177/0018720812457565,Analysis of the relation between throwing speed and throwing accuracy in team-handball according to instruction,"Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of proximity and time pressure on accurate and effective visual search during medication selection from a computer screen. Background: The presence of multiple similar objects in proximity to a target object increases the difficulty of a visual search. Visual similarity between drug names can also lead to selection error. The proximity of several similarly named drugs within a visual field could, therefore, adversely affect visual search. Method: In Study 1, 60 nonpharmacy participants selected a target drug name from an array of mock drug packets shown on a computer screen, where one or four similarly named nontargets might be present. Of the participants, 30 completed the task with a time constraint, and the remainder did not. In Study 2, the same experiment was repeated with 28 pharmacy staff. Results: In Study 1, the proximity of multiple similarly named nontargets within the specified visual field reduced selection accuracy and increased reaction times in the nonpharmacists. Time constraint also had an adverse effect. In Study 2, the pharmacy participants showed increased reaction times when multiple nontargets were present, but the time constraint had no effect. There was no effect of Tall Man lettering. Conclusion: The presence of multiple similarly named medications in close proximity to a target medication increases the difficulty of the visual search for the target. Tall Man lettering has no impact on this adverse effect. Application: The widespread use of the alphabetical system in medication storage increases the risk of proximity-based errors in drug selection. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",drug name similarity | pharmacy | proximity | Tall Man | time pressure,Human Factors,2013-04-01,Article,"Irwin, Amy;Mearns, Kathryn;Watson, Margaret;Urquhart, Jim",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973915625,10.1016/j.lrp.2016.04.001,An adaptive synchronization technique for parallel simulation of networked clusters,"In this study, we analyze how time pressure affects coordination between temporary projects and permanent organizations involved in public infrastructure projects. Prior research has shown that time pressure can yield both benefits and challenges to the realization of projects. Unraveling the challenges, we identify three interrelating factors that constrain coordination: the political context of public projects, time pressure within temporary projects, and the nature of transactive memory within permanent organizations. Our study offers a more comprehensive conceptualization of project coordination by including temporary project teams, permanent organizations, and the political context in the analysis. In doing so, we strengthen understanding of pacing by revealing how political pressure and political priorities increase the work pace of temporary projects, thereby constraining the coordination between fast-paced projects and slower-paced, permanent organizations. Finally, our study contributes to literature on strategic knowledge coordination by explaining how the differentiated nature of transactive memory across organizational settings inhibits timely coordination.",,Long Range Planning,2016-12-01,Article,"van Berkel, Freek J.F.W.;Ferguson, Julie E.;Groenewegen, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873242467,10.1111/j.1099-1123.2012.00456.x,Engineering thinking and rhetoric,"Based on theory from the psychology literature and results from prior false sign-off research, we develop hypotheses and then conduct an experiment to assess the reporting intentions of audit supervisors who discover that a staff member under their supervision has committed false sign-off. The experiment manipulated the level of time budget pressure on the audit engagement and the staff member's intentionality. Results indicate that audit supervisors are more likely to report the false sign-off when (1) the audit staff member was working under conditions of low time budget pressure versus high time budget pressure and (2) the staff member committed the false sign-off intentionally versus unintentionally as a result of confusion over what was expected. The paper concludes with a discussion of its limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Audit quality | False sign-off | Intentionality | Time budget pressure,International Journal of Auditing,2013-03-01,Article,"Hyatt, Troy A.;Taylor, Mark H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874214546,10.1177/1440783311419907,Visual performance and subjective discomfort in prolonged viewing of chromatic displays,"This article investigates satisfaction with time pressure for men and women with different hours of paid employment using data from the 2006 'Negotiating the Life Course' project. In Australia, part-time employment is a common strategy adopted by women with dependent children to reconcile paid work and family responsibilities. However, women employed part-time are not a homogeneous group. This study differentiates between women employed for minimal part-time, half-time and reduced full-time hours, as well as women employed full-time and not in the labour force, to investigate differences in perceived time pressure. Three dimensions of time pressure are examined: overall time pressure, time pressure at home and time pressure at work. We find gender differences in time pressure at home and differences among women in overall and work time pressure. We conclude that being employed part-time does not alleviate time pressure for all women. © 2011 The Australian Sociological Association.",gender | part-time employment | time pressure | work-family balance | work-family conflict,Journal of Sociology,2013-03-01,Article,"Rose, Judy;Hewitt, Belinda;Baxter, Janeen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873570512,10.1016/j.jretai.2012.11.001,Accuracy evaluation of gem5 simulator system,"Despite the prevalence of exaggerated advertised reference prices (ARPs) in retail ads and the potential for consumer vulnerability to false reference prices, research identifying boundary conditions to the effectiveness of exaggerated ARPs is scarce. We demonstrate that exaggerated ARPs are much more effective in favorably influencing consumers' perceptions of retail offers when they feel time pressure while evaluating such offers. Further, although past research indicates that high promotion frequency weakens the effectiveness of exaggerated ARPs, we show that this is not observed when time pressure is present. We discuss the implications of this research and provide directions for future research. © 2012 New York University.",3 studies | Exaggerated reference price | Experimental design | Promotion frequency | Reference price advertisements | Retail pricing | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2013-03-01,Article,"Krishnan, Balaji C.;Dutta, Sujay;Jha, Subhash",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897747795,10.1037/a0032148,Attention failures versus misplaced diligence: Separating attention lapses from speed–accuracy trade-offs,"Time is an inherent quality of human life and the temporal nature of our being in this world has fundamentally shaped our knowledge and understanding of it: the concept of time pervades everyday language: ""time is of the essence""; ""timing is everything""; and ""a stitch in time saves nine"". Thus, many disciplines are concerned with Time - physics of course, and also history, philosophy, psychology, computer science, communication studies and media. Nevertheless, our understanding of it is fundamentally limited because our consciousness moves along it. The goal of this paper is to develop a conceptualization of time that can be used to investigate the impact of temporality on the design, development, adoption and use of Information Systems and to trace the societal and business impact of that association. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office. All rights reserved.",Key issues | Qualitative research | Theory building | Time pressure,International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design,2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Riordan, Niamh O.;Conboy, Kieran;Acton, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018799918,10.1007/s10664-017-9506-4,A biomechanical comparison of dominant and non-dominant arm throws for speed and accuracy,"This research compares the impacts of change requests due to requirement defects on the outcomes of software development projects developed using the Waterfall methodology. The three types of requirement defects examined are incorrect requirements, incomplete requirements and new requirements. Outcomes are measured in terms of total effort expended and software defects injected during software development. While prior literature has examined ways to minimize requirement defects, limited insights are available on the impacts of requirement defects that remain after baseline requirements have been gathered. A sample of 49 software projects following the Waterfall methodology from a large highly mature (CMMI level 5) software development organization was used to statistically estimate the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Using the coordination perspective to develop our model, we find that resolution of change requests due to new requirements increases defects injected as well as effort. The resolution of change requests due to incorrect requirements increases the number of new requirements as well as the number of defects injected. Resolution of change requests due to incomplete requirements do not have measurable impacts on software project outcomes. Efforts to minimize the number of change requests necessary due to new requirements, can therefore be an important factor in improving software project outcomes.",Incorrect requirements | New requirements | Requirements defects,Empirical Software Engineering,2018-02-01,Article,"Chari, Kaushal;Agrawal, Manish",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873960504,10.1201/b13827-40,Human factors in production systems,"Direct viewing tasks associated with observing the Platform Train Interface (PTI) requires detailed inspection of large areas, in short timescales whilst the driver/guard is under time pressure. However, as visual detection tasks are safety critical (if not done properly there is a risk of passengers being trapped between PTI). This paper discuss the technical approach that was undertaken as part of a safety assessment to validate and verify that Guards could be relocated from the centre of the train (4th car) to the rear of the train (8th car) and undertake PTI viewing with CCTV instead of the current method of direct viewing. The assessment was undertaken to assure that detection of PTI events was more reliable using CCTV when compared to direct viewing. The resulting study included a detailed literature review, a structured technical rationale report and CCTV assessment trials to assure that the proposed CCTV systems performance reduced PTI risks to ALARP. The literature review included UK rail CCTV guidance documents and documents from other industries (e.g. security). The extensive literature review found that none of the existing CCTV guidance available was directly applicable, robust enough or of suitable rigour. Therefore, a number of specific technical issues were systematically assessed with input from CCTV Engineering specialists. This elicited a large number of technical and Human Factors issues that had not been found to be addressed by any other Human Factors studies in the Rail sector. The outcome of the assessment/literature review was derivation of a detailed CCTV specification for the CCTV suppliers. The CCTV system was subsequently built and trialled on Sydney Trains Suburban Network under a variety of environmental and operational scenarios. The resulting CCTV trial assessed camera and lens performance in terms of a number of technical factors and evaluated the CCTV system on test runs with live trains on the suburban network under a variety of scenarios. The overall safety assessment found that CCTV offered performance of PTI tasks as robust (and in some scenarios better) when compared to direct viewing. The safety assessment concluded that CCTV viewing from the rear car offered as good as (if not better) probabilities of detecting PTI events when compared to direct viewing from the 4th car. The CCTV system is now operational on a number of Sydney Suburban Trains. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK.",,"Rail Human Factors: Supporting Reliability, Safety and Cost Reduction",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Traub, Paul;Fraser, Glenn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870255400,10.1016/j.ins.2012.09.032,Wattch: A framework for architectural-level power analysis and optimizations,"We generalize linguistic evaluation values and their weights in group decision-making (GDM) problems based on unbalanced linguistic terms. The GDM problems include two types of weights: belief degrees of linguistic evaluation values and experts' weights. Due to the time pressure and conflict of multi-source of information, etc., experts may have various evaluations values on alternatives. The belief degree is used to represent the confidence level of the values. The experts' weight is used to represent the differences among experts' importance which caused by experts' experience or knowledge distinction. We propose the weighted unbalanced linguistic aggregation operators to synthesize linguistic evaluation value, belief degree and experts' weights. Some desired properties of the operator are then studied, these properties show that the operator extends the linguistic weighted averaging operator (LWA) and the linguistic ordered weighted averaging (LOWA) operator. Finally, an illustrative example of human resource performance appraisal based on the linguistic aggregation operator is provided. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Group decision making | Linguistic aggregation operators | Performance appraisal | The weighted linguistic aggregation operator | Unbalanced linguistic terms,Information Sciences,2013-02-20,Article,"Meng, Dan;Pei, Zheng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873356609,10.1016/j.trf.2012.12.008,Striatum and pre-SMA facilitate decision-making under time pressure,"Transportation research has shown that impatience and time pressure are determining factors for traffic rule violation and risky behaviour. However, the situations provoking impatience have not yet been investigated in depth. One purpose of this study was to examine how different road stops might increase impatience. Another purpose was to measure the effects of time pressure on impatience as a function of these situations. Forty eight participants viewed eight films, shot from a driver's viewpoint, each ending with a situation in which the car had to stop in the road. Participants were invited to imagine that they were the driver, and asked to rate how their impatience evolved during the stops by moving a cursor. Guided imagery was used to induce time pressure in half of the participants. Our results indicate that impatience is a state of increased arousal and negative valence. A subtle appraisal process appears to determine when impatience is triggered and how it evolves during stops. In the current study both the triggering and the evolution of impatience were altered by situational features, especially stop-length estimates and emotions. Time pressure as a contextual or chronic factor was found to influence impatience. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Altruism | Driving | Emotions | Impatience | Time pressure,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2013-01-01,Article,"Naveteur, Janick;Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Charron, Camilo;Dorn, Lisa;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870977075,10.1080/13668803.2012.722013,How to bridge the abstraction gap in system level modeling and design,"What impact does out-sourcing childcare have on the time parents spend on paid work, domestic work and childcare, and how they share these tasks between themselves? Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey (TUS) 2006 we investigate the effects of formal and informal non-parental childcare on the time use of couples with children aged 0-4 years (N=348). We examine associations between non-parental care and (1) couples' combined time in paid work, domestic work and childcare, (2) parents' time separately by gender in paid work, domestic work and childcare (subdivided by activity type) and (3) parents' self-reported time pressure. Total workloads (the sum of paid work, domestic work and childcare) are neither higher nor lower when non-parental care is used, either for households combined or for each gender separately. The way time is spent, and how activities are divided by gender does differ, however. For mothers the use of any non-parental care and more hours in formal care is associated with more paid work hours, less childcare time and higher self-reported time pressure. Fathers' time is more constant, but they report higher subjective time pressure with increasing hours of formal non-parental care. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",father care | gendered division of labour | mother care | non-parental childcare | time pressure | time use survey,"Community, Work and Family",2013-02-01,Article,"Craig, Lyn;Powell, Abigail",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85003794663,10.1016/j.dss.2016.09.008,Exploiting TLM and object introspection for system-level simulation,"We propose a model of security governance that draws upon agency theory to conceptualize the InfoSec function as a fiduciary for business users. We introduce a ternary typology of governance and test the efficacy of governance on goal congruence and information asymmetry. Our survey of information security managers finds that: (1) governance enhances goal congruence but does not impact information asymmetry, and (2) perceived information security service effectiveness is positively related to both information asymmetry and goal congruence. Contrary to what agency theory suggests, in the InfoSec context, information asymmetry can be exactly what is needed to enhance the principal's welfare. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.",Agency theory | Goal congruence | Information asymmetry | Information security | IT governance | Security governance | Stewardship theory,Decision Support Systems,2016-12-01,Article,"Wu, Yu “Andy”;Saunders, Carol S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872582735,10.1103/PhysRevE.87.012805,Multi-scaling sampling: an adaptive sampling method for discovering approximate association rules,"To uncover an underlying mechanism of collective human dynamics, we survey more than 1.8 billion blog entries and observe the statistical properties of word appearances. We focus on words that show dynamic growth and decay with a tendency to diverge on a certain day. After careful pretreatment and the use of a fitting method, we found power laws generally approximate the functional forms of growth and decay with various exponents values between -0.1 and -2.5. We also observe news words whose frequencies increase suddenly and decay following power laws. In order to explain these dynamics, we propose a simple model of posting blogs involving a keyword, and its validity is checked directly from the data. The model suggests that bloggers are not only responding to the latest number of blogs but also suffering deadline pressure from the divergence day. Our empirical results can be used for predicting the number of blogs in advance and for estimating the period to return to the normal fluctuation level.",,"Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics",2013-01-11,Article,"Sano, Yukie;Yamada, Kenta;Watanabe, Hayafumi;Takayasu, Hideki;Takayasu, Misako",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907729062,10.1073/pnas.081074098,Covert attention accelerates the rate of visual information processing,"This study compared the performance of cyclical and discrete movements in Fitts’ task simulated by a computer. Twenty male adults, between 25 and 30 years old, participated as volunteers in the study. The software Discrete Aiming Task (v.2.0) simulated the Fitts’ task, in the discrete and cyclical conditions, and provided the movement time (TM). It was manipulated 4 target widths and 3 distances between the targets to provide index of difficulties (ID) from 1 to 6 bits. The ANOVA TWO WAY, 3 (Conditions) x 6 (ID), with repeated measures in the last factor, compared the TM in the different conditions. Regression analysis verified the relationship between TM x ID. There were no significant differences between the conditions; the virtual environment and the mouse were used to explain such results. All movement conditions showed a straight relationship between TM x ID with R²>0.990. Therefore, Fitts’ law showed to be consistent, independently of the movement strategy performed.",Cyclical movement | Discrete movement | Fitts` law | Motor control | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Interamerican Journal of Psychology,2013-01-01,Article,"Balio, Tiago Cesar;Dascal, Juliana Bayeux;Marques, Inara;Rodrigues, Sergio Tosi;Okazaki, Victor Hugo Alves",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84906888165,10.1109/ICINIS.2013.25,A visual code inspection approach to reduce spreadsheet linking errors,"In this paper, we investigate the effects of aging (younger vs. older adults) on performance difference by the way that speed is tradeoff against accuracy in interacting with interface task. In order to assess the impact of a possible speed-accuracy tradeoff, user performance was observed under three different instructional sets i.e., accuracy (A), neutral (N), and speed (S) when steering on a circular track. Experimental results showed that the elderly group performed significantly less accurately for all three instruction sets and showed greater individual difference. The younger subjects were more influenced by instructions and performed more accurately. Implications for user interface design for older users, and for the evaluation of age effects in HCI generally are discussed. © 2013 IEEE.",Age-related effect | Elderly users | Human performance | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Steering task,"Proceedings - 2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, ICINIS 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Zhou, Xiaolei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85137242648,10.17705/1CAIS.05101,An error model for pointing based on Fitts' law,This article introduces the new Department of History for the journal Communications of the Association for Information Systems.,AIS | CAIS | History,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2022-01-01,Editorial,"Urbaczewski, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1007/s10551-012-1273-y,Quality Attributes.,"Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874530700,10.1080/02678373.2013.761783,Evaluation of input devices for musical expression: Borrowing tools from hci,"Understanding the mechanisms of workflow interruptions is crucial for reducing employee strain and maintaining performance. This study investigates how interruptions affect perceptions of performance and irritation by employing a within-person approach. Such interruptions refer to intruding secondary tasks, such as requests for assistance, which occur within the primary task. Based on empirical evidence and action theory, it is proposed that the occurrence of interruptions is negatively related to satisfaction with one's own performance and positively related to forgetting of intentions and the experience of irritation. Mental demands and time pressure are proposed as mediators. Data were gathered from 133 nurses in German hospitals by means of a five-day diary study (four measurements taken daily; three during a morning work shift and one after work, in the evening). Multilevel analyses showed that workflow interruptions had detrimental effects on satisfaction with one's own performance, the forgetting of intentions, and irritation. The mediation effects of mental demands and time pressure were supported for irritation and (partially) supported for satisfaction with performance. They were not supported for the forgetting of intentions. These findings demonstrate the importance of reducing the time and mental demands associated with interruptions. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",diary study | irritation | mental demands | nurses | performance | time pressure | work stress | workflow interruptions,Work and Stress,2013-01-01,Article,"Baethge, Anja;Rigotti, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875541641,10.1007/s11205-012-0046-4,Decision-Theoretic User Interface Generation.,"In this article we consider the consequences of work-family reconciliation, in terms of the extent to which the adjustment of the labour market career to family demands (by women) contributes to a better work-life balance. Using the Flemish SONAR-data, we analyse how changes in work and family conditions between the age of 26 and 29 are related to changes in feelings of time pressure among young working women. More specifically, by using cross-lagged models and synchronous effects panel models, we analyse (1) how family and work conditions affect feelings of time pressure, as well as (2) reverse effects which may point to (working career) adjustment strategies of coping with time pressure. Our results show that of all the considered changes in working conditions following family formation (i. e. having children), only the reduction of working hours seems to improve work-family balance (i. e. reduces the experience of time pressure). Part-time work is both a response to high time pressure, and effectively lowers time pressure. The effect of part-time work is not affected by concomitant changes in the type of paid work, rather, work characteristics that increase time pressure increase the probability of reconciling work with family life by reducing the number of work hours. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.",Panel analysis | Part-time work | Time pressure | Work-family balance | Working conditions,Social Indicators Research,2013-05-01,Article,"Laurijssen, Ilse;Glorieux, Ignace",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85090148268,10.1111/radm.12435,Requirements analysis and task design in a dynamic environment,"R&D plays a crucial role in developing new products, the commercialisation of which can drive corporate growth. Over three decades, research has focused the new product development (NPD) process and it is known that developing new products is a knowledge-intensive, risky activity. Since industry surveys show that many NPD projects, particularly software-based ones, fail to meet their schedules and objectives. Consequently, today’s R&D managers still need ways to plan and conduct NPD more effectively. Project-based Learning (PBL) – the generation of specific technical and process knowledge during and after a project – is a potential way to improve NPD. Therefore, this paper investigated the research question: Does PBL enhance the quality of planning in subsequent software development projects? The study used a sample of 47 software development projects at three multinational organisations. Significantly, the findings show that PBL does enhance the quality of planning of subsequent software development projects. In particular, the quality of planning is increased in projects with high levels of uncertainty; where team members work in a project-based structure with strong collaboration; and when the pressure to deliver projects is high. The contribution of the research at a theoretical level is that it identified an important link between learning and the quality of planning in subsequent NPD projects. At a practical level, the study identifies specific steps R&D managers can take to improve the performance of software development projects, with all their associated challenges.",,R and D Management,2021-11-01,Article,"Amaral Féris, Marco Antônio;Goffin, Keith;Zwikael, Ofer;Fan, Di",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981366244,,Software Quality Attributes: Modifiability and Usability,"Why do workers take a chance and work from height without any safety protection? Is it because of their age, inexperience or lack of training? Is it to do with their risk perception or desire for risk taking and thrill seeking? Is it bad management style, poor safety culture or a substandard design? Does this happen everywhere around the globe or is it just one particular culture? To help us understand why there are different behavioural responses to hazards (e.g. working at height) in construction, we must first understand the factors that have affected that individual's decision-making. This paper presents early investigations taking place on a £1.6B project in the UK involving construction workers from many different backgrounds and nationalities. Through a process of literature exploration, a safety climate survey and focus group discussions, factors have been identified and explored to consider how they impact behaviours. The results suggest that time pressure, training, experience, risk perception, safety culture, culture and management are the factors most likely to be influencing behavioural responses of individuals. Time pressure is perhaps the most important factor as it was often regarded as having the greatest influence by the focus group. Survey results revealed 31% of 475 participants thought that alcohol and drugs were 'always' a factor in accidents, and hence this factor has somewhat surprisingly been identified as having a fairly significant influence. These factors will be further explored in future work using an ethnographic approach, which will yield significant insight from fine-grained, observational analysis on the project.",Behavioural safety | Human response | Time pressure,"Proceedings 29th Annual Association of Researchers in Construction Management Conference, ARCOM 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Oswald, David;Sherratt, Fred;Smith, Simon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905511735,,Mobile text entry: relationship between walking speed and text input task difficulty,"In this article, we describe the offer assessment as an alternation of three treatment modes. These modes are: the experiential mode, heuristic mode and the deep mode. Each one of these modes occurs according to emotional states and time pressure variables. In addition, the behavioural intentions concerning the website are affected by this alternation. This research implies also a moderating impact of time pressure on the relationship between emotional states and depth of information processing. Finally, management implications are observed through the experimentation of this model in the practice.",Behavioural intentions | Commercial website | Emotional states | Offer assessment | Time pressure,"Creating Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Planning and Implementation - Proceedings of the 22nd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2013",2013-01-01,Article,"Béjaoui, Adel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,The omnipresence of case-based reasoning in science and application,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919607839,10.18267/j.pep.468,Human factors aspects of power system voltage contour visualizations,"In this paper I explain individual propensity to herding behaviour and its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task with the possibility to herd under different levels of time pressure. In the main treatments, subjects had a chance to revise their decision after seeing decisions of others, which I take as an indicator of herding behaviour. The main findings are that the propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure, although there could be an indirect effect through other variables, such as the time subjects spent revising the decision. Heart-rate significantly increased over the baseline during the performance of a task and its correlation to the subjectively stated level of stress was positive but very weak, which suggests that time pressure may not automatically induce stress but increase effort instead.",Experimental economics | Heart rate measurement | Herding | Personality traits,Prague Economic Papers,2013-01-01,Article,"Cingl, Lubomír",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896312455,10.2979/indjglolegstu.20.2.1223,Noninvasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation,"Numerous studies document women's overrepresentation among those leaving the profession of law. Although research has documented high turnover among women lawyers, particularly from private practice, only a handful of studies have explored the factors precipitating the decision to leave. The main causal factors identified to date include difficulties associated with combining family life and law practice and problems of discrimination and blocked career advancement. In this paper, we analyze data from a longitudinal study of nearly 1,600 Canadian lawyers, surveyed across a twenty-year period. Using survival models to estimate the timing of transitions out of private practice, we examine factors precipitating exits from private practice. We find that women are leaving private practice at higher rates than men. These departures appear to be largely the consequence of organizational structures and a practice culture that remain resistant to flexible schedules, time gaps between jobs, and parental and other leaves. Yet, the careers of contemporary lawyers appear to be characterized by more job changes, discontinuity, and movement between sectors of practice than is commonly assumed. Our paper moves discussion beyond the work-family debate and motherhood, to examine the broader issues of institutional constraints on careers of both men and women in law and policy initiatives to encourage retention of legal talent in private practice. © Indiana University Maurer School of Law.",,Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kay, Fiona M.;Alarie, Stacey;Adjei, Jones",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975458052,10.1109/HICSS.2016.668,Fast energy evaluation of embedded applications for many-core systems,"In recent years, the metaphor of technical debt has received considerable attention, especially from the agile community. Still, despite the fact that agile practices are increasingly used in critical domains, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the occurrence of technical debt in critical software development projects. The results of an exploratory field study conducted across several projects reveal that a variety of business and environmental factors cause the occurrence of technical debt in critical domains. Using Grounded Theory method, these factors are categorized as ambiguity of requirement, diversity of projects, inadequate knowledge management, and resource constraints to form a theoretical model. Following previous studies we suggest that integrating agile practices, such as iterative development, review meetings, and continuous testing, into common plan-driven processes enables development teams to better identify and manage technical debt.",Agile methods | Grounded theory | Software development | Technical debt,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2016-03-07,Conference Paper,"Ghanbari, Hadi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883493988,10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.08.002,Trace factory: Generating workloads for trace-driven simulation of shared-bus multiprocessors,"Dual-systems theorists posit distinct modes of reasoning. The intuition system reasons automatically and its processes are unavailable to conscious introspection. The deliberation system reasons effortfully while its processes recruit working memory. The current paper extends the application of such theories to the study of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with OCD often retain insight into their irrationality, implying dissociable systems of thought: intuition produces obsessions and fears that deliberation observes and attempts (vainly) to inhibit. To test the notion that dual-systems theory can adequately describe OCD, we obtained speeded and unspeeded risk judgments from OCD patients and non-anxious controls in order to quantify the differential effects of intuitive and deliberative reasoning. As predicted, patients deemed negative events to be more likely than controls. Patients also took more time in producing judgments than controls. Furthermore, when forced to respond quickly patients' judgments were more affected than controls'. Although patients did attenuate judgments when given additional time, their estimates never reached the levels of controls'. We infer from these data that patients have genuine difficulty inhibiting their intuitive cognitive system. Our dual-systems perspective is compatible with current theories of the disorder. Similar behavioral tests may prove helpful in better understanding related anxiety disorders. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Dual-systems theory | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Probability judgment | Risk perception,Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders,2013-01-01,Article,"Goldin, Gideon;Wout, Mascha van t.;Sloman, Steven A.;Evans, David W.;Greenberg, Benjamin D.;Rasmussen, Steven A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922707188,10.1109/ICRA.2011.5979637,Assisted driving of a mobile remote presence system: System design and controlled user evaluation,"For improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time, Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology. Prior investigation focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified many factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from different CMM level 5 projects of reputed organizations, that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time were found. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. Testing is more than just debugging. The purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification and validation, or reliability estimation. Particularly regression testing is an expensive, but important, process. Unfortunately, there may be insufficient resources to allow for the re execution of all test cases during regression testing. In this situation, test cases are needed to be prioritized. Regression testing improves the effectiveness of regression by ordering the test cases so that the most beneficial are executed first. There are many studies on regression test case prioritization which mainly has focuses on Greedy Algorithms(GA). However, it is known that these algorithms may produce suboptimal results because they may construct results that denote only local minima within the search space. By contrast, meta heuristic and evolutionary search algorithms aim to avoid such problems. This paper addresses the problems of choice of fitness metric, characterization of landscape modality and determination of the most suitable search technique to apply. The empirical results replicate previous results concerning GA. The results show that GA perform well, although Greedy approaches are surprisingly effective given the multimodal nature of the landscape.",Capability Maturity Model (CMM) | Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) | Function Points (FP) | Greed Algorithms (GA) | Kilo Source Lines Of Code (KSLOC) | Total Quality Management (TQM),Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,2015-01-01,Article,"Srinivasan, N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870801003,10.1109/ICSSEM.2012.6340745,Field measurements of transient effects in photovoltaic panels and its importance in the design of maximum power point trackers,"Recommendation systems in ecommerce may cause psychological reactance under some circumstances, which does harm to the consumers' acceptance to recommendations and even the satisfaction to the whole website. In combination with the theory of forced exposure and manipulative intent, we performed an experimental study to analyze the psychological reactance to online recommendations as well as the influence of time pressure. The result of our empirical research reveals that time pressure may influence the forced exposure and manipulative intent, and further act on the acceptance of recommendations. Our findings have implications to the online shops about how to plan recommendation services in an appropriate way, to reduce the customers' reactance and eventually to achieve a win-win result of improving both shopping experience and business performance. © 2012 IEEE.",Ecommerce | Psychological reactance | Recommendation servicess | Time pressure,"2012 3rd International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization, ICSEM 2012",2012-12-14,Conference Paper,"Wang, Yanping;Yan, Cheng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870759907,,Women and men—Different but equal: On the impact of identifier style on source code reading,"In this paper, we focus on emergency resource allocation and emergency distribution problem in the aftermath of a large-scale disaster. We analyze some unique features of emergency response management and then we develop a series of models to capture these features. Firstly, we propose an exponential utility and delay cost function to model the time pressure feature of life saving and human suffering reduction. Secondly, we use a time-space network to capture the dynamic nature of the available supply and the demand requirement, which allows for the real-time information updated in each decision-making epoch. Thirdly, we develop an integrated model by jointing the utilitybased resource allocation model with the time-space-based distribution model. Finally, we use numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed model. © 2012 ISSN 2185-2766.",Emergency response | Exponential delay cost | Exponential utility | Large-scale disaster | Time-space network,"ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications",2012-12-13,Article,"Jiang, Yiping;Zhao, Lindu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877753181,10.1186/s13040-014-0034-0,Performance of genetic programming optimised Bowtie2 on genome comparison and analytic testing (GCAT) benchmarks,,Contingent negative variation | Linear ballistic accumulation | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, ICCM 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Boehm, Udo;Van Maanen, Leendert;Forstmann, Birte;Van Rijn, Hedderik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870292878,10.1111/j.1742-7924.2011.00201.x,Speed-accuracy testing on the Apple iPad® provides a quantitative test of upper extremity motor performance in children with dystonia,"Aim: The rapidly rising number of older people has inevitably caused an increasing demand for home visiting nurses. Nursing managers must develop a healthy workplace to recruit and retain a workforce of nurses. This study focused on home visiting nurses' perceptions of time pressure as a changeable work demand. The aim was to investigate perceptions of time pressure and reveal the relationship between perceived time pressure and burnout among home visiting nurses. Methods: From 32 agencies in three districts, 28 home visiting nurses agreed to participate in this study. Two hundred and eight home visiting nurses received an anonymous self-administered questionnaire by mail, and 177 (85.1%) filled out and returned the questionnaire to the researchers. The Job Demands-Resources model for burnout, which explains the relationship between a work environment and employee well-being, was used as a conceptual guide. Three survey instruments were employed: questions on sociodemographic variables and worksite environments, including time pressure; the Japanese burnout inventory; and a Japanese version of the job content questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between time pressure and burnout inventory scores. Results: About 30% of home visiting nurses perceived time pressure frequently. When home visiting nurses perceived time pressure more frequently, they experienced higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusion: Time pressure was often perceived as another job demand and had a significant relationship with burnout. This indicates the importance of lessening time pressure to develop healthy work places for community health nurses. © 2012 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.",Burnout | Home visiting nurse | Job demands-resources model | Time pressure,Japan Journal of Nursing Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Naruse, Takashi;Taguchi, Atsuko;Kuwahara, Yuki;Nagata, Satoko;Watai, Izumi;Murashima, Sachiyo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928392897,10.1007/s13369-015-1597-x,A design pattern for decentralised decision making,"The complexity of software projects is growing with the increasing complexity of software systems. The pressure to fit schedules within shorter periods of time leads to initial project schedules with a complex logic. These schedules are often highly susceptible to any subsequent delays in project activities. Thus, techniques need to be developed to determine the quality of a software project schedule. Most of the existing measures of schedule quality define the goodness of a schedule in terms of its network complexity. However, these measures fail to estimate the flexibility of a schedule, that is, the extent to which a schedule can withstand delays without requiring extensive changes. The relatively few schedule flexibility measures that exist in literature suffer from several drawbacks such as lack of a theoretical foundation, not having a definite scale and not being able to distinguish between schedules with similar network topologies. In this paper, we address these issues by defining two flexibility measures for software project schedules, namely path shift and value shift, which, respectively, predict the impact of changes in activity durations on the critical paths and the critical value of a schedule. Inspired by the notion of betweenness centrality, these measures are theoretically sound, have a well-defined scale, and require little computational effort. Furthermore, by several examples and two real-life software project case studies, we demonstrate that these measures outperform the existing flexibility measures in clearly discriminating between the flexibility of software project schedules having very similar topologies.",Betweenness centrality | Schedule flexibility | Social network analysis | Software project | Software project schedule,Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2015-05-01,Article,"Khan, Muhammad Ali;Mahmood, Sajjad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887243030,10.1108/S1534-0856(2012)0000015015,The perfect mix: Regulatory complementarity and the speed-accuracy balance in group performance,"Purpose - The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question of whether there is an optimal level of time pressure in groups. Design/approach - We argue that distinguishing performance from pproductivity is a necessary step toward the eventual goal of being able to determine optimal deadlines and ideal durations of meetings. We review evidence of time pressure's differential effects on performance and pproductivity. Findings - Based on our survey of the literature, we find that time pressure generally impairs performance because it places constraints on the capacity for thought and action that limit exploration and increase reliance on welllearned or heuristic strategies. Thus, time pressure increases speed at the expense of quality. However, performance is different from pproductivity. Giving people more time is not always better for pproductivity because time spent on a task yields decreasing marginal returns to performance. Originality/value of chapter - The evidence reviewed here suggests that setting deadlines wisely can help maximize pproductivity. © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Deadlines | Performance | Pproductivity | Time pressure,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2012-12-01,Article,"Moore, Don A.;Tenney, Elizabeth R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873427333,10.1177/1071181312561078,Usability engineering guide for integrated operation support in space station payloads,"Research on the effects of negative emotions on risk assessment profiles in decision making has shown that emotions significantly impact the perception of risk; anger reduces perceived risk, fear heightens perceived risk, and sorrow leads to more logical and objective decision making. Another situational factor that influences operator performance is time pressure, which in general is not an optimal condition for decision making. Participants performed a simulated airline luggage screening task under varying time pressures after being primed with emotion-inducing stimuli (anger, fear, or sorrow respectively). Operator performance was assessed using fuzzy signal detection theory (FSDT) analyses to evaluate the impact of various negative emotions and time pressure on performance in a visual threat detection paradigm. It was anticipated that the added cognitive stressors of negative affect and time pressure would induce more lowconfidence target-present responses (i.e., low r; near miss), albeit to differing degrees due to the distinctive effects of different negative emotions. These findings have implications for the training and performance enhancement of luggage screening operators, and, in turn, air transportation security.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Culley, Kimberly E.;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870042946,10.1080/09593969.2012.711256,The time course of task switching: A speed—accuracy trade-off analysis,"This article deals with the influence of time pressure and time orientation on consumers' multichannel shopping behaviour. Previous studies have documented the role of time pressure on customers' channel choice in developed countries, without examining the moderating effects of time orientation on the relationship between perceived time pressure and consumers' attitudes towards online/offline channels. To fill this gap, this article aims to investigate the combined influences of time pressure and time orientation on consumers' attitude towards both online and offline shopping. The results show that time pressure helps consumers form more favourable attitudes towards online shopping than towards offline shopping. Further, the effect of time pressure on consumers' channel attitudes depends on one's time orientations. The implications for marketing channel strategies and market segmentation in Asian emerging markets are discussed. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Chinese cosmetic market | online and offline shopping | time orientation | time pressure,"International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research",2012-12-01,Article,"Xu-Priour, Dong Ling;Cliquet, Gérard;Fu, Guoqun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873144574,10.1109/ISVLSI.2004.1339508,A comparative study of modelling at different levels of abstraction in system on chip designs: a case study,"The safe operation of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) has been a critical issue due to the possible catastrophic consequences and increasing public concern. As the majority of accidents were directly or indirectly resulted from human errors, human factors engineering is of essential importance to system safety. Time availability is one of the important factors that could significantly influence operators' performance. However, for the newly developed computer-based systems in NPP main control rooms, current understanding of time availability on the performance of the operators using these systems is still very limited. In addition, the same time availability may cause different pressure on individuals because of their different proficiency level. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of absolute time availability (same time limit for all participants) and relative time availability (time limit determined according to individual performance, a better reflection of time pressure) on operators' performance when executing a computerized emergency operating procedure (EOP) for NPP. For both kinds of time availability, five levels were set for each step in the EOP. A total of 60 students majored in engineering participated in the experiment. They were randomly assigned into 5 groups (each for one level of the time availability) and completed the EOP task in a lab setting. The data of error rate, operation time, and subjective workload were analyzed. The curves of performance change with time availability were generated. The results indicated that both absolute and relative time availability had significant effects on EOP performance. The curves of error rate and operation time under relative time availability levels were similar to those under absolute time availability levels, but the relative time availability levels always had higher error rate and less operation time. Generally, higher subjective workload was observed under higher time pressure. Copyright © (2012) by IAPSAM & ESRA.",EOP | Performance | Time availability | Time pressure,"11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Fei;Dong, Xiaolu;Li, Zhizhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872169709,10.3788/OPE.20122012.2744,Dynamic process simulation trends and perspectives in an industrial context,"To obtain pL class adhesive drop to match the micro parts in size, three kinds of micro drop making mechanisms, injection, bubble jetting, and needle transfer, were analyzed. A pL class adhesive dispensing approach based on time-pressure dispensing was present, then pL class adhesive spots were obtained by online visual monitoring of the spot diameter, and controlling the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. The effects of three factors mentioned above on the adhesive spot size were experimented, and this technique combined with a micromanipulation system were used in Inertial Confinement Fosion(ICF) experiments to bond a fill tube and a capsule together for the cryogenic targets. The results show that the adhesive spot diameter is proportional to the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. When the internal diameter of needle tip, pressure and time are controlled to be 1.2 μm, 0 psi, and 8~10 s, the adhesive volume and diameter will be less than 3pL and 40 μm, respectively.",Adhesive dispensing | Micro adhesive bonding | Micro assembly | pL class adhesive drop | Time-pressure,Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering,2012-12-01,Article,"Shi, Ya Li;Li, Fu Dong;Yang, Xin;Zhang, Zheng Tao;Xu, De",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887485176,10.1109/LES.2010.2044365,An FPGA-based framework for technology-aware prototyping of multicore embedded architectures,"There were few data for spot of the difference searching skilled on eye movement. Especially, it was unknown how to view and recognition of spot difference quickly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of spot the difference due to the time pressure tasks. Twelve students participated in this study (average 21 years old). Every subject equipped eye movement apparatus recorder (NAC EMR-9, Tokyo Japan), it was displayed gaze point of spot the difference as the stimulus pictures. The attention stimuli was same two photos it's has spot the difference. The device was measured the spot of the difference as x and y coordinated. It was within one minute to each one recorded searching behavior. After recording gaze and eye movement coordinate apparatus was analyzed it with analytical software (EMR-dFactory ver2.12b, Tokyo Japan). The results of this study were the findings of major two skilled patterns. They gaze tracking one side that was not easily to find out the spot of difference like as inattentional blindness. And it was too quickly eye gaze movement to detected difference. The other it was equal time and trajectory on right and left stimulus picture. © 2012 IADIS.",Behavior in visual search | Gaze movement | Sport of difference,"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2012, IHCI 2012, Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Game and Entertainment Technologies 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sato, Takeshi;Kato, Macky;Watanabe, Takayuki;Yasuoka, Hiroshi;Sugahara, Atsushi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863844447,10.1016/j.ssci.2011.11.004,Virtual exhaust line for model-based diesel aftertreatment development,"Aquaculture is the most accident exposed industry in Norway, after fisheries.Interviews and observations of 55 persons in twelve aquaculture companies indicate that management rely on operating workers to make all safety-decisions in the operations, for both their biological product and themselves. Still, there is no published research about aquaculture decision-making.Given the reliance in decisions on the net cages, and the industry's accident rate, it seems important to investigate how and why safety-related decisions are made. This paper explores criteria and constraints for decision-making in sharp end operations at fish farms. Two common situations with risk of loss are described and analyzed according to relevant research:. •Net cage damage discovered during feeding. How to manage both planned tasks and necessary modifications?•The well boat crew must get the fish to the harvesting plant, but the weather is bad. How to handle tasks, time pressure and unstable conditions?The findings show that decision-makers often neglect personnel safety on behalf of product safety. Even though criteria and constraints largely coincide with theory and are similar in the two example operations, the personnel safety outcome is different. In daily operations there is major risk for the operating personnel, while in the rare well boat operations the conditions best for the fish also prevent personnel harm.When dealing with a biological production process ordinary safety measures are inadequate - because when activities need to be done at the exact right time for the product to be profitable, personnel safety comes second. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.",Aquaculture | Decision-making | Fish farm | Safety | Sharp end decision settings,Safety Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Størkersen, Kristine Vedal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748883711,10.1109/BDIM.2007.375007,Truth cube: Establishing physical standards for soft tissue simulation,"Incident management is the process through which the IT support organization manages to restore normal service operation as quickly as possible and with minimum disruption to the business. One of the ultimate measures of an IT support organization's success is the amount of time it takes to resolve an incident. Reducing this value not only reduces total cost and resource allocation but also increases customer satisfaction, which is one of the most important measures of a support center's performance. However, the support organization is often unable to collect data on their performance, let alone experiment with the consequences of reshuffling the organization and playing with alternative staffing levels. In this paper, we present our approach to assessing and improving the performance of an IT support organization in managing service incidents, based on the definition of a set of performance metrics and a methodology for guided analysis that allows a user to find the root causes of poor performance and decide on corrective actions to be taken. We provide validation of the approach by discussing its application a real-life case study of a leading IT provider for the airline industry. © 2007 IEEE.",Business-driven IT management (BDIM) | Business-oriented performance measures | Data warehousing | Decision support | Incident management | Information technology infrastructure library (ITIL) | Modeling | Performance evaluation,"Second IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management, BDIM 2007",2007-10-01,Conference Paper,"Barash, Gilad;Bartolini, Claudio;Wu, Liya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873440800,10.1177/1071181312561102,A tunable algorithm for collective decision-making,"Cognitive Engineering methods were developed to enable human factors practitioners to understand and systematically support the cognitive work of people working ""at the sharp end of the spear."" Military members for whom DoD acquisition organizations develop systems are the quintessential ""sharp end of the spear."" This panel is proposed to share present-day experience from military and industry reflecting how pervasively Cognitive Engineering is contributing to research and development for the highly complex military systems being operated under conditions of stress, time pressure, and uncertainty today. The implications for human factors practitioners will be highlighted, both in terms of practices to continue and areas for improvement. Copyright 2012 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dominguez, Cynthia O.;McDermott, Patricia;Shattuck, Lawrence;Savage-Knepshield, Pamela;Nemeth, Christopher;Draper, Mark;Moore, Kristin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871175750,10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01839.x,Symbolic pointer analysis revisited,"Previous research has shown that people err when making decisions aided by probability information. Surprisingly, there has been little exploration into the accuracy of decisions made based on many commonly used probabilistic display methods. Two experiments examined the ability of a comprehensive set of such methods to effectively communicate critical information to a decision maker and influence confidence in decision making. The second experiment investigated the performance of these methods under time pressure, a situational factor known to exacerbate judgmental errors. Ten commonly used graphical display methods were randomly assigned to participants. Across eight scenarios in which a probabilistic outcome was described, participants were asked questions regarding graph interpretation (e.g., mean) and made behavioral choices (i.e., act; do not act) based on the provided information indicated that decision-maker accuracy differed by graphical method; error bars and boxplots led to greatest mean estimation and behavioral choice accuracy whereas complementary cumulative probability distribution functions were associated with the highest probability estimation accuracy. Under time pressure, participant performance decreased when making behavioral choices. © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.",Decision making | Graphical communication | Probability | Risk management | Uncertainty,Risk Analysis,2012-12-01,Article,"Edwards, John A.;Snyder, Frank J.;Allen, Pamela M.;Makinson, Kevin A.;Hamby, David M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642303881,10.1080/00140139.2012.718802,Speed–accuracy tradeoffs in specialized keyboards,"Few senior executives pay a whole lot of attention to computer security. They either hand off responsibility to their technical people or bring in consultants. But given the stakes involved, an arm's-length approach is extremely unwise. According to industry estimates, security breaches affect 90% of all businesses every year and cost some $17 billion. Fortunately, the authors say, senior executives don't need to learn about the more arcane aspects of their company's IT systems in order to take a hands-on approach. Instead, they should focus on the familiar task of managing risk. Their role should be to assess the business value of their information assets, determine the likelihood that those assets will be compromised, and then tailor a set of risk abatement processes to their company's particular vulnerabilities. This approach, which views computer security as an operational rather than a technical challenge, is akin to a classic quality assurance program in that it attempts to avoid problems rather than fix them and involves all employees, not just IT staffers. The goal is not to make computer systems completely secure-that's impossible-but to reduce the business risk to an acceptable level. This article looks at the types of threats a company is apt to face. It also examines the processes a general manager should spearhead to lessen the likelihood of a successful attack. The authors recommend eight processes in all, ranging from deciding how much protection each digital asset deserves to insisting on secure software to rehearsing a response to a security breach. The important thing to realize, they emphasize, is that decisions about digital security are not much different from other cost-benefit decisions. The tools general managers bring to bear on other areas of the business are good models for what they need to do in this technical space.",,Harvard Business Review,2003-06-01,Review,"Austin, Robert D.;Darby, Christopher A.R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872321538,10.1109/WCRE.2012.56,Toward realtime transcription of broadcast news.,"In current, typical software development projects, hundreds of developers work asynchronously in space and time and may introduce anti-patterns in their software systems because of time pressure, lack of understanding, communication, and - or skills. Anti-patterns impede development and maintenance activities by making the source code more difficult to understand. Detecting anti-patterns incrementally and on subsets of a system could reduce costs, effort, and resources by allowing practitioners to identify and take into account occurrences of anti-patterns as they find them during their development and maintenance activities. Researchers have proposed approaches to detect occurrences of anti-patterns but these approaches have currently four limitations: (1) they require extensive knowledge of anti-patterns, (2) they have limited precision and recall, (3) they are not incremental, and (4) they cannot be applied on subsets of systems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce SMURF, a novel approach to detect anti-patterns, based on a machine learning technique - support vector machines - and taking into account practitioners' feedback. Indeed, through an empirical study involving three systems and four anti-patterns, we showed that the accuracy of SMURF is greater than that of DETEX and BDTEX when detecting anti-patterns occurrences. We also showed that SMURF can be applied in both intra-system and inter-system configurations. Finally, we reported that SMURF accuracy improves when using practitioners' feedback. © 2012 IEEE.",Anti-pattern | empirical software engineering | program comprehension | program maintenance,"Proceedings - Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Maiga, Abdou;Ali, Nasir;Bhattacharya, Neelesh;Sabané, Aminata;Guéhéneuc, Yann Gaël;Aimeur, Esma",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874709722,10.1109/FIE.2012.6462393,Control of a humanoid robot by a noninvasive brain–computer interface in humans,"For many scholars conference papers are a stepping stone to submitting a journal article. However with increasing time pressures for presentation at conferences, peer review may in practice be the only developmental opportunity from conference attendance. Hence it could be argued that the most important opportunity to acquire the standards and norms of the discipline and develop researchers' judgement is the peer review process - but this depends on the quality of the reviews. In this paper we report the findings of an ongoing study into the peer review process of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) annual conference. We began by examining the effectiveness of reviews of papers submitted to the 2010 conference in helping authors to improve and/or address issues in their research. Authors were also given the chance to rate their reviews and we subsequently analysed both the nature of the reviews and authors' responses. Findings suggest that the opportunity to use the peer review process to induct people into the field and improve research methods and practice was being missed with almost half of the reviews being rated as 'ineffectual'. Authors at the 2011 AAEE conference confirmed the findings from the 2010 data. The results demonstrate the lack of a shared understanding in our community of what constitutes quality research. In this paper in addition to the results of the above-mentioned studies we report the framework being adopted by the AAEE community to develop criteria to be applied at future conferences and describe the reviewer activity aimed at increasing understanding of standards and developing judgement to improve research quality within our engineering education community. © 2012 IEEE.",engineering education research | peer review | research quality,"Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gardner, Anne;Willey, Keith;Jolly, Lesley;Tibbits, Gregory",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872569055,10.1287/orsc.1110.0681,Speed-accuracy trade-off in a trajectory-constrained self-feeding task: a quantitative index of unsuppressed motor noise in children with dystonia,"Historical accounts of human achievement suggest that accidents can play an important role in innovation. In this paper, we seek to contribute to an understanding of how digital systems might support valuable unpredictability in innovation processes by examining how innovators who obtain value from accidents integrate unpredictability into their work. We describe an inductive, grounded theory project, based on 20 case studies, that looks into the conditions under which people who make things keep their work open to accident, the degree to which they rely on accidents in their work, and how they incorporate accidents into their deliberate processes and arranged surroundings. By comparing makers working in varied conditions, we identify specific factors (e.g., technologies, characteristics of technologies) that appear to support accidental innovation. We show that makers in certain specified conditions not only remain open to accident but also intentionally design their processes and surroundings to invite and exploit valuable accidents. Based on these findings, we offer advice for the design of digital systems to support innovation processes that can access valuable unpredictability. © 2012 informs.",Accidental discovery | Accidental innovation | Accidental invention | Design of information systems | Digital technology | Innovation | Serendipity,Organization Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Devin, Lee;Sullivan, Erin E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874453400,10.1109/MC.2013.31,The future of human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems,"Lean construction principles emphasize indistinctively streamlining construction processes, being them part of the initial stages of construction or as suggested by Justin- Time (JIT) concentrated nearer to customers taking possession of the new building. Every new project offers an opportunity to start afresh with better management techniques and it might be taken that this earlier period, free from time pressures to hand over the building, is more receptive for the application of lean concepts, as compared to latter stages. As a hypothesis, it is believed that cash flow could be jeopardized and the strategic decision to leave greater proportion of work for the end of construction might decrease the effect of ongoing lean management techniques or require greater efforts in connection to them. This research work investigates the application of lean construction principles on a 16,800sqm construction site in Fortaleza, Brazilian northeast, investigating performance outcomes as related to management lean grading according to a questionnaire developed by Hofacker (2008). It concludes that work disruptions, rework and making ready activities near to the end of the construction period accumulates and lean grading decreases when it is possibly most needed to deliver customers the required quality.",Final stages of construction | Interaction | Lean construction,IGLC 2012 - 20th Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"De Vasconcelos, Iuri A.;Soares, Marcella F.;Heineck, Luiz Fernando M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873602607,10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404859,A nested model for visualization design and validation,"Precise positioning of whales and other species in space and time is a key requirement for marine mammal research. It has been an elusive goal for years. We have developed a stereo camera based measurement system to meet the requirement. We have obtained preliminary results, and will describe ongoing improvements. The sounds of marine animals can be localized using multiple hydrophones. If these hydrophones are part of tags (like the DTAG) attached to individual animals, sometimes it is possible to identify which call is made by which individual. However, when social animals like pilot whales are very close together, it becomes very difficult to identify which individual is vocalizing. This is a critical problem for studies of marine mammal communication: we are not able to link the acoustic and tag data with the behavioral observations because we cannot accurately pinpoint where specific animals are in space, either on their own or relative to other animals. Precisely positioning the whales in space and time is also necessary to measure social cohesion, the critical variable for assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on many vulnerable marine mammals. Current thought suggests that social whales, such as pilot whales, adopt a social defense strategy, grouping closer together under threat. Thus, of the dozens of sound and noise impact studies conducted on marine mammals throughout the world attempt to assess changes in cohesion during exposure to sound. However, they all estimate inter-animal distance by eye, something that is notoriously difficult and imprecise. In short, there is currently no accurate way to measure the fundamental variable that these millions of dollars of fieldwork are trying to assess. Positioning individual body parts instead of whole animals in space and time would allow precise mensuration of body part ratios, an essential statistic for assessing health and fat reserves that is currently difficult to measure in the field. Numerous techniques have been tried to address the geopositioning requirement, none have been wholly satisfactory. We developed a battery powered stereo camera system, integrated with a GPS receiver, an attitude reference system, and a laptop computer, and collected calibrated stereo imagery from a surface vessel. The stereo camera we used initially was an off the shelf firewire based system, originally intended for machine vision purposes. It was selected in part because of time pressures on development, and proved to have too short of a baseline for the precise work demanded by the scientific requirements. Other constraints of the off the shelf system made it difficult to accommodate lighting conditions in the bright marine environment, and we have since moved to a custom system. This custom system has many features in common with stereo systems we have developed for underwater use, shortening development time and testing. These common features include camera models and interface, calibration techniques and software elements, all of which will be described. Custom software has been developed for geopositioning of targets in the stereo overlap area. By differencing of positions of multiple targets, it becomes possible to achieve precise mensuration of body parts and sizes. These measurements can be made using both monoscopic viewing of two simultaneously collected images, or if three-dimensional viewing hardware is available, in stereo. © 2012 IEEE.",behavior | geocoding | Photogrammetry | stereo,OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE: Harnessing the Power of the Ocean,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Howland, Jonathan C.;MacFarlane, Nicholas B.W.;Tyack, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862331903,10.1016/B978-0-12-374714-3.00016-1,Estimating local mean signal strength of indoor multipath propagation,"This chapter summarizes and integrates the literature that has addressed the effects of contextual conditions on employee creativity. Substantial evidence suggests that employee creativity contributes to an organization's growth, effectiveness, and survival. Given the potential significance of employee creativity for the growth and effectiveness of organizations, it is not surprising that a wealth of recent studies have examined the possibility that there are personal and contextual conditions that serve to enhance (or restrict) the creativity employees exhibit at work. Most contemporary theorists define creativity as the production of ideas concerning products, practices, services, or procedures that are novel or original and potentially useful to the organization. Ideas are considered novel if they are unique relative to other ideas currently available in the organization. Ideas are considered useful if they have the potential for direct or indirect value to the organization, in either the short- or long-term. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Competition | Conflict | Creativity | Goal setting | Job design | Leadership | Networks | Rewards | Time pressure,Handbook of Organizational Creativity,2012-12-01,Book Chapter,"Oldham, Greg R.;Baer, Markus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899324360,10.4018/978-1-60960-863-7.ch005,Evaluation of functions on microcomputers: square root,"This chapter addresses the fundamental question of how the didactic approach can help in managing the impediments and fallouts in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of ERP especially for the societal progress. Further the role of e-initiative is inbuilt in its advocacy for effective delivery. The building blocks of any institution are individuals who must have training in ethics and morality. This is a normative and idealistic analysis but predestined due to continually changing socio-economic dynamics of complex society in modern times. It proposes ERP III with moral epicentre assuming that humanity can be attained if individuals are trained in the moralistic values which eventually redefine the entrepreneurial goals such that it adopts befitting approach in pursuing the specific targets. It includes three sub-areas first focusing on conceptual prologue of ERP, introductory note about didactic approach to see how it directly affects the existing schemes of individuals in the organization; second the major strategic inconsistencies along with finding out the reasons for these irregular variations; and third deals with the e-solutions managing these inconsistencies by designing and planning for institutions in a prudent manner. Precisely, this chapter highlights concept, strategic paradoxes, rebuilding through didactic approach by e-initiative and prognostic strategy for ERP III. © 2012, IGI Global.",,Strategic Enterprise Resource Planning Models for E-Government: Applications and Methodologies,2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Sharma, Sangeeta",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886451868,,A breakdown of the psychomotor components of input device usage,"The increasing use of Information Technology devices coupled with the time pressures that characterize modern life have transformed multitasking from an occasional behavior into a habit. In light of this change, a new theory is needed to explain why and how people multitask in an IT-enriched world. To this end, this paper develops a theory of multitasking behavior and identifies the causes, consequences, and patterns that characterize it. The core of the theory is the articulation of a typology of technology enactment shifts where ongoing tasks are fragmented and integrated with others due to internal or external triggers. The theory puts forth a set of propositions to explicate the causal logic for multitasking patterns and the likely performance consequences associated with them. This new theoretical view of multitasking has the potential to affect the design of systems and interfaces, to inform user behavior research, and to enrich human-computer interaction studies.",Human-Computer Interaction | Multitasking | User Behavior,"International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Benbunan-Fich, Raquel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026989505,,Design of a fuzzy logic controller for a target tracking system,"A fuzzy logic controller has been developed to track a single nonmaneuvering target. The fuzzy controller simplifies the problem by analyzing the azimuth and elevation movements independently. The performance of the controller has been optimized primarily for error and secondarily for computation time. The resulting system is a multi-input single-output, single-closed-loop proportional controller with the platform drive motor voltage as the feedback variable. Results are summarized from experiments. The heuristic rulebase learning programs and the membership function shape are discussed. Small improvements in error reduction can be made by changing the membership functions but the most significant improvements resulted from improved rulebase learning.",,,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Schneider, Dale E.;Wang, Paul P.;Togai, Masaki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928355483,10.1017/CBO9780511805097.005,Training older and younger adults to use software,"This chapter explores performance measurement from an operations perspective. Members of the operations management community have been interested in performance measurement - at both the strategic and the tactical level - for decades. Wickham Skinner, widely credited with the development of the operations strategy framework, for example, observed in 1974: A factory cannot perform well on every yardstick. There are a number of common standards for measuring manufacturing performance. Among these are short delivery cycles, superior product quality and reliability, dependable delivery promises, ability to produce new products quickly, flexibility in adjusting to volume changes, low investment and hence higher return on investment, and low costs. These measures of manufacturing performance necessitate trade-offs - certain tasks must be compromised to meet others. They cannot all be accomplished equally well because of the inevitable limitations of equipment and process technology. Such trade-offs as costs versus quality or short delivery cycles versus low inventory investment are fairly obvious. Other trade-offs, while less obvious, are equally real. They involve implicit choices in establishing manufacturing policies. (Skinner, 1974, 115) Skinner's early work on operations (initially manufacturing) strategy influenced a generation of researchers, all of whom subsequently explored the question of how to align operations policies with operations objectives (see, for example, Hayes and Wheelwright, 1984; Hayes, Wheelwright and Clark, 1988; Hill, 1985; Mills, Platts and Gregory, 1995; Platts and Gregory, 1990; Slack and Lewis, 2001). It was during this phase of exploration that the operations management community's interest in performance measurement was probably at its peak, with numerous authors asking how organizational performance measurement systems could be aligned with operations strategies (for a comprehensive review of these works, see Neely, Gregory and Platts, 1995).",,"Business Performance Measurement: Unifying Theories and Integrating Practice, Second Edition",2007-01-01,Book Chapter,"Neely, Andy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Software architecture evaluation methods for performance, maintainability, testability, and portability",,,Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Burns, Ethan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868286218,10.1109/SEANES.2012.6299556,A multidimensional visualization interface to aid in trade-off decisions during the solution of coupled subsystems under uncertainty,"Occupational driving has often been associated with a high prevalence of neck pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal disorders among professional non-government city male bus drivers. One hundred ten (110) bus drivers were consecutively enrolled in the study. The modified Nordic questionnaire was used as a basis for data collection during 12 months. The associations between individual characteristics, workstation and organizational risk factors for neck pain and the associations between 12-month prevalence of neck pain and prevalence of pain in adjacent regions were examined. The 12-month prevalence of neck pain was the second highest, followed by: lower back, upper back, hand, shoulder, wrist and elbow pain. The main cases of neck pain were: Strenuous and monotonous job, time pressure, prolonged working hours, low income and excessive work pressure. Consequently these factors affected bus drivers' health and work performance. © 2012 IEEE.",Bus drivers | ergonomics | musculoskeletal disorders | neck pain | psychosocial risk factors,"2012 Southeast Asian Network of Ergonomics Societies Conference: Ergonomics Innovations Leveraging User Experience and Sustainability, SEANES 2012",2012-11-07,Conference Paper,"Dev, Samrat;Gangopadhyay, Somnath",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349841167,10.5465/AMLE.2009.44287935,Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination,"Technology management poses particular challenges for educators because it requires facility with different kinds of knowledge and wide-ranging learning abilities. We report on the development and delivery of an information technology (IT) management course designed to address these challenges. Our approach is built around a narrative, the ""IVK extended case series,"" a fictitious but reality-based story about a newly appointed, not-technically-trained chief information officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. We designed the course around a narrative and composed the narrative in a specific way to achieve two key objectives. First, this format allowed us to combine the active student orientation typical of case-based approaches with the systematic construction of cumulative theoretical frameworks more characteristic of lecture-based methods. Second, basing the narrative on the monomyth, a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world, encourages students to more fully inhabit the story's hero, which leads to fuller engagement and more active learning. We report results using this approach with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities located in different countries, and with executives at a major multinational corporation and an open enrollment program at a major business school. Student course feedback and a follow-up survey administered about 1 year after the course suggest that the extended narrative approach mostly achieves its design objectives. We suggest that the approach might be used more widely in teaching technology management, particularly with ""digital natives,"" who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment competing for their attention. © 2009 Academy of Management Learning & Education.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Nolan, Richard;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869193452,10.1080/01973533.2012.728118,On comparing financial option price solvers on FPGA,"Population surveys suggest that the general public stigmatizes persons with mental illness less than in the past. However, implicit attitude measures find that immediate reactions to mentally ill persons are still negative among both the general public and people diagnosed with mental illness. Time-course data suggest that these reactions may be dynamic, with immediate negative reactions becoming less prejudicial over time. We manipulated time pressures imposed upon social judgments about a mentally ill person. Participants perceived a mentally ill person as dangerous when forced to respond quickly; participants given ample time to respond were less likely to have this perception. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,Basic and Applied Social Psychology,2012-11-01,Article,"Wesselmann, Eric D.;Reeder, Glenn D.;Pryor, John B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867971952,10.1007/11527886_29,A bayesian approach to modelling users' information display preferences,"As part of their technology strategy formulation, firms need ways to evaluate their internal technological innovation capability more effectively. Traditionally, staff meetings with personnel involved in the innovation process are used to manage the implementation of these self-assessments. The effectiveness of these meetings may be compromised by the presence of dominant personalities, by time pressures, or by bias imposed through organizational hierarchy. In this study, a technological innovation audit that encourages participation of the staff involved in innovative developments is proposed. The audit is composed of a list of statements aimed at assessing the capability of a firm to make such technological innovations. The audit is online for a predefined period of time, allowing participants to answer anonymously, make comments and check other participants' answers. They then repeat the process, altering answers as desired, as in an adapted Real Time Delphi survey. This new form of audit has been tested in a medium-sized producer of sheet metal processing equipment, and has proven to be a useful approach in firms with no formal innovation department or team. It provides a solid basis for the identification of inner strengths and weaknesses in the technological innovation process, and also offers a bottom up view free from social pressures. © 2012 IEEE.",,"2012 Proceedings of Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies, PICMET'12",2012-11-01,Conference Paper,"Santos, Cláudio;Araújo, Madalena;Correia, Nuno",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-25444495834,10.1007/BF00144630,A proposed theoretical framework for design of decision support systems in computer-integrated manufacturing systems: A cognitive engineering approach,,,Policy Sciences,1992-02-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Larkey, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67049108637,10.1057/jit.2009.1,"Defuzzification block: New algorithms, and efficient hardware and software implementation issues","This paper highlights the over-arching themes salient in the rapidly converging mobile computing industry. Increasingly, the developers of mobile devices and services are looking toward exploratory, non-determinist or, user-driven development methodologies in an effort to cultivate products that consumers will consistently pay for. These include Design Thinking, Living Labs, and other forms of ethnography that embrace serendipity, playfulness, error, and other human responses that have previously rested outside the orthodoxy of technology design. Secondly, the mobile device is likely the world's foremost social computer. Mobile vendors seeking to foster the production, propagation, and consumption of content on mobile devices are increasingly viewing the challenge as a complex social phenomenon, not a merely a well-defined technology problem. Research illustrating these themes is presented. © 2009 JIT Palgrave Macmillan.",Convergence | Handheld devices | Mobile computing | Mobile telephones | Social networks | Telecommunications,Journal of Information Technology,2009-06-01,Article,"Wareham, Jonathan D.;Busquets, Xavier;Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867365380,10.1109/SCC.2012.56,"Changes in kicking pattern: Effect of experience, speed, accuracy, and effective striking mass","Service delivery centers are extremely dynamic environments in which large numbers of globally distributed system administrators (SAs) manage a vast number of IT systems on behalf of customers. SAs are under significant time pressure to efficiently resolve incoming customer requests, and may fall far short of accurately capturing the intricacies of technical problems, affecting the quality of ticket data. At the same time, various data stores and warehouses aggregating business insights about operations are only as reliable as their sources. Verifying such large data sets is a laborious and expensive task. In this paper we propose system h-IQ, which embeds a grading schema and an active learning mechanism, to identify most uncertain samples of data, and most suitable human expert(s) to validate them. Expert qualification is established based on server access logs and past tickets completed. We present the system and discuss the results of ticket data assessment process. © 2012 IEEE.",automatic data quality evaluation | automation | data quality | service delivery | social networking,"Proceedings - 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2012",2012-10-17,Conference Paper,"Vukovic, Maja;Laredo, Jim;Salapura, Valentina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866847774,10.1186/1472-6947-12-113,"Pre-characterization free, efficient power/performance analysis of embedded and general purpose software applications","Background: Misplaced or poorly calibrated confidence in healthcare professionals' judgments compromises the quality of health care. Using higher fidelity clinical simulations to elicit clinicians' confidence 'calibration' (i.e. overconfidence or underconfidence) in more realistic settings is a promising but underutilized tactic. In this study we examine nurses' calibration of confidence with judgment accuracy for critical event risk assessment judgments in a high fidelity simulated clinical environment. The study also explores the effects of clinical experience, task difficulty and time pressure on the relationship between confidence and accuracy. Methods. 63 student and 34 experienced nurses made dichotomous risk assessments on 25 scenarios simulated in a high fidelity clinical environment. Each nurse also assigned a score (0-100) reflecting the level of confidence in their judgments. Scenarios were derived from real patient cases and classified as easy or difficult judgment tasks. Nurses made half of their judgments under time pressure. Confidence calibration statistics were calculated and calibration curves generated. Results: Nurse students were underconfident (mean over/underconfidence score -1.05) and experienced nurses overconfident (mean over/underconfidence score 6.56), P = 0.01. No significant differences in calibration and resolution were found between the two groups (P = 0.80 and P = 0.51, respectively). There was a significant interaction between time pressure and task difficulty on confidence (P = 0.008); time pressure increased confidence in easy cases but reduced confidence in difficult cases. Time pressure had no effect on confidence or accuracy. Judgment task difficulty impacted significantly on nurses' judgmental accuracy and confidence. A 'hard-easy' effect was observed: nurses were overconfident in difficult judgments and underconfident in easy judgments. Conclusion: Nurses were poorly calibrated when making risk assessment judgments in a high fidelity simulated setting. Nurses with more experience tended toward overconfidence. Whilst time pressure had little effect on calibration, nurses' over/underconfidence varied significantly with the degree of task difficulty. More research is required to identify strategies to minimize such cognitive biases. © 2012 Yang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",Clinical experience | Clinical judgment | Confidence calibration | Hard-easy effect | High fidelity clinical simulation | Overconfidence | Time pressure | Underconfidence,BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making,2012-01-01,Article,"Yang, Huiqin;Thompson, Carl;Bland, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866893561,10.1145/2351676.2351723,Software operation time evaluation based on MTM,"Developers may introduce anti-patterns in their software systems because of time pressure, lack of understanding, communication, and-or skills. Anti-patterns impede development and maintenance activities by making the source code more difficult to understand. Detecting anti-patterns in a is important to ease the maintenance of software. Detecting anti-patterns could reduce costs, effort, and resources. Researchers have proposed approaches to detect occurrences of anti-patterns but these approaches have currently some limitations: they require extensive knowledge of anti-patterns, they have limited precision and recall, and they cannot be applied on subsets of systems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce SVMDetect, a novel approach to detect anti-patterns, based on a machine learning technique- support vector machines. Indeed, through an empirical study involving three subject systems and four anti-patterns, we showed that the accuracy of SVMDetect is greater than of DETEX when detecting anti-patterns occurrences on a set of classes. Concerning, the whole system, SVMDetect is able to find more anti-patterns occurrences than DETEX. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Anti-pattern | Empirical software engineering | Program comprehension | Program maintenance,"2012 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2012 - Proceedings",2012-10-05,Conference Paper,"Maiga, Abdou;Ali, Nasir;Bhattacharya, Neelesh;Sabané, Aminata;Guéhéneuc, Yann Gaël;Antoniol, Giuliano;Aïmeur, Esma",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866649091,10.1080/00221309.2012.705187,Comparing computer input devices using kinematic variables,"Our goal is to demonstrate that potential performance theory (PPT) provides a unique type of methodology for studying the use of heuristics under time pressure. While most theories tend to focus on different types of strategies, PPT distinguishes between random and nonrandom effects on performance. We argue that the use of a heuristic under time pressure actually can increase performance by decreasing randomness in responding. We conducted an experiment where participants performed a task under time pressure or not. In turn, PPT equations make it possible to parse the observed change in performance from the unspeeded to the speeded condition into that which is due to a change in the participant's randomness in responding versus that which is due to a change in systematic factors. We found that the change in randomness was slightly more important than the change in systematic factors. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",consistency | PPT | pressure | time,Journal of General Psychology,2012-10-01,Article,"Rice, Stephen;Trafimow, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867354601,10.1177/0018720812442537,Optimizing time integration of chemical-kinetic networks for speed and accuracy,"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate two cusp catastrophe models for cognitive workload and fatigue. They share similar cubic polynomial structures but derive from different underlying processes and contain variables that contribute to flexibility with respect to load and the ability to compensate for fatigue. Background: Cognitive workload and fatigue both have a negative impact on performance and have been difficult to separate. Extended time on task can produce fatigue, but it can also produce a positive effect from learning or automaticity. Method: In this two-part experiment, 129 undergraduates performed tasks involving spelling, arithmetic, memory, and visual search. Results: The fatigue cusp for the central memory task was supported with the quantity of work performed and performance on an episodic memory task acting as the control parameters. There was a strong linear effect, however. The load manipulations for the central task were competition with another participant for rewards, incentive conditions, and time pressure. Results supported the workload cusp in which trait anxiety and the incentive manipulation acted as the control parameters. Conclusion: The cusps are generally better than linear models for analyzing workload and fatigue phenomena; practice effects can override fatigue. Future research should investigate multitasking and task sequencing issues, physical-cognitive task combinations, and a broader range of variables that contribute to flexibility with respect to load or compensate for fatigue. Applications: The new experimental medium and analytic strategy can be generalized to virtually any realworld cognitively demanding tasks. The particular results are generalizable to tasks involving visual search. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",anxiety | buckling | cognitive workload | cusp catastrophe | fatigue | incentives | memory,Human Factors,2012-10-01,Article,"Guastello, Stephen J.;Boeh, Henry;Schimmels, Michael;Gorin, Hillary;Huschen, Samuel;Davis, Erin;Peters, Natalie E.;Fabisch, Megan;Poston, Kirsten",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865770419,10.1007/s11340-011-9572-2,"Software Requirements: Update, Upgrade, Redesign: Towards a Theory of Requirements Change","A new shear-compression experiment for investigating the influence of hydrostatic pressure (mean stress) on the large deformation shear response of elastomers is presented. In this new design, a nearly uniform torsional shear strain is superposed on a uniform volumetric compression strain generated by axially deforming specimens confined by a stack of thin steel disks. The new design is effective in applying uniform shear and multiaxial compressive stress on specimens while preventing buckling and barreling during large deformation under high loads. By controlling the applied pressure and shear strain independently of each other, the proposed setup allows for measuring the shear and bulk response of elastomers at arbitrary states within the shear-pressure stress space. Thorough evaluation of the new design is conducted via laboratory measurements and finite element simulations. Practical issues and the need for care in specimen preparation and data reduction are explained and discussed. The main motivation behind developing this setup is to aid in characterizing the influence of pressure or negative dilatation on the constitutive shear response of elastomeric coating materials in general and polyurea in particular. Experimental results obtained with the new design illustrate the significant increase in the shear stiffness of polyurea under moderate to high hydrostatic pressures. © 2011 Society for Experimental Mechanics.",Confined test | Polyurea | Time-pressure superposition | Viscoelastic | WLF equation,Experimental Mechanics,2012-10-01,Article,"Alkhader, M.;Knauss, W. G.;Ravichandran, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952740536,10.1108/02756661011055195,A systems engineering approach to metrics identification for command and control,"Purpose: Interest in the uses and effects of art and methods of art making in businesses of all kinds is on the rise. In this paper, we show that the ""arts-in-business movement"" is no mere fad, that it is, in fact, driven by fundamental economic forces, two tectonic shifts moving the business world. Financial crises and other like disruptions not withstanding, these shifts will increasingly influence how companies, especially those based in developed economies, compete. Consequently, business success in a not-too-distant future will, for many companies, require a new understanding of art and art making, a sophisticated appreciation of, and a feel for, aesthetic principles. Design/methodology/approach: We develop an economics and business strategy based model using historical facts and empirical patterns to illustrate how two tectonic shifts now gathering force and momentum will change the way businesses, especially those based in developed economies, compete. The first shift, toward differentiation based business strategies, arises from the emerging realities of the globalized economy, and is enabled by increasingly mature communications and transportation networks. The second shift, toward iterative modes of production that lead to more artful innovation, is supported by recent developments in information technology. We compare the transformation from Industrial to Post-Industrial economy to a centuries earlier transition from Craft to Industrial economy, demonstrating that the changes underway have potential to be every bit as important as those earlier changes. Our arguments and analyses are based on and summarize findings from a multi-year field based research project. Findings: Business success in the not-too-distant future will, for many companies, require a new understanding of art and art making, a sophisticated appreciation of, and a feel for, aesthetic principles. Managers will need to improve their understanding of these principles, will succeed or fail in business competition based on how well they master them. Although many have long labeled certain poorly understood aspects of business ""art"" and wished to turn them into science or engineering, to make them more industrial, something more like the opposite will occur - some formerly industrial aspects of business will evolve into something very like art. Practical implications: Firms that develop and exploit artful methods will be a step ahead of their competition. Insightful managers should begin now gaining a better understanding of how notions like ""aesthetic coherence"" can improve their ability to compete. Originality/value: This paper looks at current events from a perspective rare in business practice and research, presenting familiar facts in a new light, and urging a long-term view quite different to the current short-term reasons for moving work off shore. We reach conclusions opposite (or nearly so) what many might casually assume, reaching counterintuitive endpoints of our empirically and analytically developed arguments, which many readers will consider surprising. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Arts | Design | Innovation | Product differentiation,Journal of Business Strategy,2010-05-31,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Devin, Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866635149,10.1109/ITHET.2012.6246034,Field of view effects on a direct manipulation task in a virtual environment,"In this paper, we propose a learning support framework for adult graduate students of information science. It allows adult graduate students under time pressure to learn effectively. The course recommendation system that is a part of the framework presents an appropriate course for a student. The framework also provides a method to pursue the cause of obstructions of studies of adult graduate students. © 2012 IEEE.",AHP | Computing Curricula 2005 | Learning support framework,"2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, ITHET 2012",2012-09-28,Conference Paper,"Seo, Akishi;Ochimizu, Koichiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037241987,10.1109/MS.2003.1159037,Enabling always-available input with muscle-computer interfaces,The difference between a good and bad system is not how well it meets the requirements one knows in advance. Meeting requirements is a necessary but insufficient condition for producing an excellent system. What makes a system great is details that are not specifiable in advance-aspects that must evolve in the making.,,IEEE Software,2003-01-01,Article,"Austin, Rob;Devin, Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866375889,,ST-HEC: reliable and scalable software for linear algebra computations on high end computers,"The reliability with which signals and other railway assets are maintained is key to operational safety, reliability and business efficiency. London Underground (LU) wished to understand how reliability of a number of its assets were affected by planned maintenance activities and commissioned research to obtain indicative human error rates on an individual asset basis. This paper summarises this research commissioned by LU and provides suggested recommendations to reduce error rates and hence improve reliability of these assets. The process for eliciting human error rate profiles needed to be structured, systematic, auditable, accepted by the user community and be validated. This paper outlines the approach that was taken to achieve these objectives. A number of assets were assessed, including trainstops, signals, points and track circuits. Key findings of the research were that: • LU has robust and safe maintenance regimes, the findings of this work consolidate and complement existing processes and practices and provide another level of rigor to existing maintenance regimes • Human error rates for each asset differed by line (due to different asset distributions) • Non-safety critical assets do not have the degree of independent checks on their maintenance when compared to safety critical assets and thus are more prone to human error • Availability/appropriateness of tools for the maintenance task varied by asset and influenced the probability of human error for unplanned rather than routine maintenance • Inadequate planning would lead to time pressure or inadequate resources As a result of this research a number of practical recommendations were made to improve reliability for some assets. These recommendations focused upon maintenance planning, training, availability and appropriateness of tools, and the provision of independent checks for some asset maintenance tasks.",,Rail Human Factors Around the World: Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations,2012-09-24,Conference Paper,"Traub, Paul;Wackrow, Jon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866433529,10.1038/nrn3000,The structural basis of inter-individual differences in human behaviour and cognition,"Severe accidents in transport systems such as railways means mass evacuations often under time pressure, with immediate threats and in difficult circumstances, e.g. in case of a fire or if the evacuation must take place in a tunnel or on a bridge (e.g. HSE, 2001, Voeltzel, 2002). The frequency of such events is usually low but the consequences can be severe. However, mass evacuations occur quite frequently in situations where one or several trains are stopped because of track, vehicle or traffic management problem. In these evacuations passengers and staff are exposed to risks such as the possibility of being injured by electricity or other trains passing. In these cases, where there is no initial or immediate threat to the people on board, it can take a long time before the train will be evacuated, and this can create new risks. If the environmental conditions are poor, the conditions for the people on the train can, over time, become uncomfortable and even severe due to e.g. high temperatures and crowing. When time passes, the tendency of the passengers to evacuate spontaneously will increase. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the different types of evacuation situations that can occur as well as a better understanding of passenger behaviour by use of a system safety view addressing the interaction of Human, Technology and Organisation, and to identify areas for improvement. Some areas in need of improvement are; communication, reduction of time delay in taking the decision to evacuate as well as executing the decision, and training of the staff.",Communication | Evacuation | Passenger | Risk | Train,Rail Human Factors Around the World: Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations,2012-09-24,Conference Paper,"Kecklund, Lena;Anderzén, Ingrid;Petterson, Sara;Haggstrom, Johan;Wahlstrom, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865733865,10.1177/0022146512445807,Abstract system-level models for early performance and power exploration,"This study examined two types of potential sources of racial-ethnic disparities in medical care: implicit biases and time pressure. Eighty-one family physicians and general internists responded to a case vignette describing a patient with chest pain. Time pressure was manipulated experimentally. Under high time pressure, but not under low time pressure, implicit biases regarding blacks and Hispanics led to a less serious diagnosis. In addition, implicit biases regarding blacks led to a lower likelihood of a referral to specialist when physicians were under high time pressure. The results suggest that when physicians face stress, their implicit biases may shape medical decisions in ways that disadvantage minority patients. © American Sociological Association 2012.",disparities | ethnicity | quality o.h.ealth care | race | time pressure,Journal of Health and Social Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Stepanikova, Irena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863727746,10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.007,A study on the effects of routing symbol design on process model comprehension,"We designed a tabletop brainwriting interface to examine the effects of time pressure and social pressure on the creative performance. After positioning this study with regard to creativity research and human activity in dynamic environments, we present our interface and experiment. Thirty-two participants collaborated (by groups of four) on the tabletop brainwriting task under four conditions of time pressure and two conditions of social pressure. The results show that time pressure increased the quantity of ideas produced and, to some extent, increased the originality of ideas. However, it also deteriorated user experience. Besides, social pressure increased quantity of ideas as well as motivation, but decreased collaboration. We discuss the implications for creativity research and Human-Computer Interaction. Anyhow, our results suggest that the Press factor, operationalized by Time- or Social-pressure, should be considered as a powerful lever to enhance the effectiveness of creative problem solving methods. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Brainstorming | Creativity | Interactive tabletop | Social comparison | Time pressure,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Schmitt, Lara;Buisine, Stéphanie;Chaboissier, Jonathan;Aoussat, Améziane;Vernier, Frédéric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863727797,10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.023,Can surgeons think and operate with haptics at the same time?,"People often attribute their reluctance to study texts on screen to technology-related factors rooted in hardware or software. However, previous studies have pointed to screen inferiority in the metacognitive regulation of learning. The study examined the effects of time pressure on learning texts on screen relative to paper among undergraduates who report only moderate paper preference. In Experiment 1, test scores on screen were lower than on paper under time pressure, with no difference under free regulation. In Experiment 2 the time condition was manipulated within participants to include time pressure, free regulation, and an interrupted condition where study was unexpectedly stopped after the time allotted under time pressure. No media effects were found under the interrupted study condition, although technology-related barriers should have taken their effect also in this condition. Paper learners who preferred this learning medium improved their scores when the time constraints were known in advance. No such adaptation was found on screen regardless of the medium preference. Beyond that, paper learning was more efficient and self-assessments of knowledge were better calibrated under most conditions. The results reinforce the inferiority of self-regulation of learning on screen and argue against technology-related factors as the main reason for this. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Digital literacy | Metacognitive monitoring and control | Metacomprehension | Self-regulated learning | Study-time allocation | Time constraints,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Ackerman, Rakefet;Lauterman, Tirza",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865335795,10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.00984.x,Exploratory vision: The active eye,"Aim: To describe registered nurses' (RNs) ratings of their work-related health problems, sickness presence and sickness absence in community care of older people. To describe RNs' perceptions of time, competence and emotional pressure at work. To describe associations between time, knowledge and emotional pressure with RNs' perceptions of work-related health problems, sickness presence and sickness absence. Background: There is a global nursing shortage. It is a challenge to provide working conditions that enable RNs to deliver quality nursing care. Method: A descriptive design and a structured questionnaire were used. 213 RNs in 60 care homes for older people participated, with a response rate of 62%. Findings: RNs' reported work-related health problems, such as neck/back disorders, dry skin/dry mucous membranes, muscles/joints disorders, sleep disorders and headache. They had periods of fatigue/unhappiness/sadness because of their work (37%). Most of the RNs felt at times psychologically exhausted after work, with difficulties leaving their thoughts of work behind. RNs stated high sickness presence (68%) and high sickness absence (63%). They perceived high time pressure, adequate competence and emotional pressure at work. There was a weak to moderate correlation between RNs' health problems and time pressure. Discussion: We cannot afford a greater shortage of RNs in community care of older people. Politicians and employers need to develop a coordinated package of policies that provide a long-term and sustainable solution with healthy workplaces. Conclusion: It is important to prevent RNs' work-related health problems and time pressure at work. © 2012 The Author. International Nursing Review © 2012 International Council of Nurses.",Community elderly care | Positive practice environments | Questionnaire | Registered nurse | Time pressure | Work-related health problems,International Nursing Review,2012-09-01,Article,"Josefsson, K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864050459,10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.05.006,Toward visual microprocessors,"The notion of adaptive decision making implies that strategy selection in both inferences and preferences is driven by a trade-off between accuracy and effort. A strategy for probabilistic inferences which is particularly attractive from this point of view is the recognition heuristic (RH). It proposes that judgments rely on recognition in isolation-ignoring any further information that might be available-and thereby allows for substantial effort-reduction. Consequently, it is herein hypothesized that and tested whether increased necessity of effort-reduction-as implemented via time pressure-fosters reliance on the RH. Two experiments corroborated that this was the case, even with relatively mild time pressure. In addition, this result held even when non-compliance with the response deadline did not yield negative monetary consequences. The current investigations are among the first to tackle the largely open question of whether effort-related factors influence the reliance on heuristics in memory-based decisions. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..",Adaptive decision making | Effort-reduction | Fast and frugal heuristics | Multinomial processing tree models | Recognition heuristic | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2012-09-01,Article,"Hilbig, Benjamin E.;Erdfelder, Edgar;Pohl, Rüdiger F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866105696,10.1007/s00464-012-2193-8,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"Background: Research on intraoperative stressors has focused on external factors without considering individual differences in the ability to cope with stress. One individual difference that is implicated in adverse effects of stress on performance is reinvestment, the propensity for conscious monitoring and control of movements. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reinvestment on laparoscopic performance under time pressure. Methods: Thirty-one medical students (surgery rotation) were divided into high- and low-reinvestment groups. Participants were first trained to proficiency on a peg transfer task and then tested on the same task in a control and time pressure condition. Outcome measures included generic performance and process measures. Stress levels were assessed using heart rate and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: High and low reinvestors demonstrated increased anxiety levels from control to time pressure conditions as indicated by their STAI scores, although no differences in heart rate were found. Low reinvestors performed significantly faster when under time pressure, whereas high reinvestors showed no change in performance times. Low reinvestors tended to display greater performance efficiency (shorter path lengths, fewer hand movements) than high reinvestors. Conclusion: Trained medical students with a high individual propensity to consciously monitor and control their movements (high reinvestors) displayed less capability (than low reinvestors) to meet the demands imposed by time pressure during a laparoscopic task. The finding implies that the propensity for reinvestment may have a moderating effect on laparoscopic performance under time pressure. © 2012 The Author(s).",Laparoscopic training | Motor learning and control | Motor skills | Reinvestment | Surgical stressors | Time pressure,Surgical Endoscopy,2012-01-01,Article,"Malhotra, Neha;Poolton, Jamie M.;Wilson, Mark R.;Ngo, Karen;Masters, Rich S.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029117154,10.1002/9781118830208,Software engineering: a practitioner's approach,"Optimization from a working baseline is a design education approach that has been adopted at University of California, San Diego after watching years of students attempt overly ambitious designs under tight time constraints. The end results were often that designs were completed without time for optimization or comparison of theory to hardware performance, and the educational message of good design practice was not being conveyed. There was specific concern that analysis was not being applied in hands on design projects, rather under time pressure students often resorted to an unguided trial-and-error approach. To remedy this situation, we separated our mechanical and aerospace senior design courses into two distinct projects. Our first senior design project uses the working baseline approach, where students use analysis to optimize a reduced degree-of-freedom system. In these projects students gain design and analysis skills that prepare them to tackle more complex design challenges. A second project is then addressed, which includes all of the wonderful complexity and uncertainty that are characteristic of open-ended problems in engineering design. © 2012 American Society for Engineering Education.",,"ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings",2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Delson, Nathan;Anderson, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864692246,10.1177/0192513X11425324,Principles of software engineering management,"This article examines whether there is an association between depression and parental time pressure among employed parents. Using a sample of 248 full-time employed parents and using the stress process framework, I also examine the extent to which gender, socioeconomic status, social support, and job conditions account for variation in the association between parenting strains and depression. Results indicate that parental time pressure is significantly associated with depression among mothers and fathers, and that well-off parents are significantly less depressed by parental time strains than less affluent parents. A significant portion of the association between parental time strains and depression is explained by job demands, and perceived social support does not buffer the association between parental time pressure and depression. Women in high control jobs are less depressed by parental time pressure than other employed mothers but conversely, among fathers, high job control amplifies the association between parental time pressure and depression. © The Author(s) 2012.",depression | gender differences | parent-child time | time pressure | work and family roles,Journal of Family Issues,2012-08-13,Article,"Roxburgh, Susan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84989916386,10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.710.198,Software engineering: An idea whose time has come and gone?,"Guala Closures Group is the world leader in the production of aluminum closures for the beverage industry, with interests in the spirits, wine, water, oil, vinegar and pharma market. The company holds 70+ active patents worldwide and the annual gross income is approx. 500M £. Guala Closures Group has been a proven industrial leader in its sector that not only is now the largest manufacturer of caps and closures worldwide with a production capacity of 14+ billion closures per year, but has many times lead the venture for innovation in the industry. The goal of this paper is to expose the production processes that stand behind Guala Closures Group, its products, the technological innovation and its success. The paper will begin with a thorough analysis of the current state of the art for the production process of aluminum closures. Secondly, the analysis will shift onto the key factor to success in the manufacturing world of aluminum closures: Drive for Innovation.",Aluminum closures | Guala Closures | Innovative processes in aluminum closures | Process innovation,Key Engineering Materials,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Bove, Francesco;Tagliabue, Carlo;Mittino, Maurizio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864474228,10.1108/09600031211258156,"The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, Anniversary Edition, 2/E","Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the direct and interaction effects of managers' tactics to deal with time pressure on behaviors and relational norms across transactional and collaborative buyer-supplier relationships. Design/methodology/approach: This research utilizes a novel scenario-based experimental design. The lack of behavioral experimentation in logistics research is noticeable given the vital role that human judgment and decision making play in managing contemporary supply chains. Findings: When supplier personnel exhibit signs of coping with time pressure, individual boundary spanners in buying organizations are less willing to engage in key collaborative behaviors and relational norms. These adverse effects are intensified in closer buyer-supplier relationships. Research limitations/implications: Although internal validity is maximized in this type of research, such gains are achieved through the development of artificial business scenarios that lack external validity. Practical implications: Although it should not be as much of a concern in working with transactional customers, supplier personnel involved in collaborative relationships should be cognizant of the potential negative impact of coping with time pressure and allot sufficient resources to manage critical partnerships. Originality/value: This research contributes to better understanding the clash between maintaining collaborative relationships while simultaneously coping with time pressure. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Buyer-supplier relationships | Buyers | Collaboration | Relationship norms | Situational constraints | Supplier relations | Supply chain management | Supply chain relationships | Time pressure,International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,2012-08-01,Article,"Fugate, Brian S.;Thomas, Rodney W.;Golicic, Susan L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863954035,10.1177/0018720811432307,Requirements engineering as a success factor in software projects,"Objective: This article presents research on the effects of varying mood and stress states on within-team communication in a simulated crisis management environment, with a focus on the relationship between communication behaviors and team awareness. Background: Communication plays a critical role in team cognition along with cognitive factors such as attention, memory, and decision-making speed. Mood and stress are known to have interrelated effects on cognition at the individual level, but there is relatively little joint exploration of these factors in team communication in technologically complex environments. Method: Dyadic communication behaviors in a distributed six-person crisis management simulation were analyzed in a factorial design for effects of two levels of mood (happy, sad) and the presence or absence of a time pressure stressor. Results: Time pressure and mood showed several specific impacts on communication behaviors. Communication quantity and efficiency increased under time pressure, though frequent requests for information were associated with poor performance. Teams in happy moods showed enhanced team awareness, as revealed by more anticipatory communication patterns and more detailed verbal responses to teammates than those in sad moods. Conclusion: Results show that the attention-narrowing effects of mood and stress associated with individual cognitive functions demonstrate analogous impacts on team awareness and information-sharing behaviors and reveal a richer understanding of how team dynamics change under adverse conditions. Application: Disentangling stress from mood affords the opportunity to target more specific interventions that better support team awareness and task performance. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",communication | computer-supported cooperative work | mood | stress | team awareness | team cognition,Human Factors,2012-08-01,Article,"Pfaff, Mark S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864365275,10.1109/ICSSP.2012.6225972,Embedded software engineering: The state of the practice,"Simulation is an important method and tool in many fields of engineering. Compared to these, simulation plays only a minor role in the field of software processes and software engineering. Examining this discrepancy, four theses are formulated as suggestions for future directions of software process simulation: 1. Simulation requires efforts, but ""not simulating"" might cause considerable costs as well, e.g. by wrong assumptions or expectations. These costs must be addressed and understood as well. 2. A model is always a simplification with many uncertainties. However, this is not a counter-argument by itself but must be evaluated in the perspective of purpose and available alternatives. 3. Future process simulation models must and will be much more complex than today. The necessary complexity can only be handled by relying on a rich set of mature components. This requires a joined effort and appreciation of the respective groundwork. 4. There are areas of software process modelling, which have already achieved some maturity, e.g. the interrelationships of volume of work, productivity, resources, and defect injection and removal. However, there are other aspects, which need further research to develop adequate modeling concepts, e.g. influence of architectural quality on later process stages, influence of process area capabilities within a dynamic simulation, or combined effects of human factors like time pressure, motivation, or knowledge acquisition. © 2012 IEEE.",,"2012 International Conference on Software and System Process, ICSSP 2012 - Proceedings",2012-08-01,Conference Paper,"Birkhölzer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905821451,10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227166,"Effects of process maturity on No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure, cycle time, and effort in software product development",,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Sonne, Thorkil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864274174,10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227027,De-motivators for software process improvement: an analysis of practitioners' views,"We present a practical approach for teaching two different courses of Software Engineering (SE) and Software Project Management (SPM) in an integrated way. The two courses are taught in the same semester, thus allowing to build mixed project teams composed of five-eight Bachelor's students (with development roles) and one or two Master's students (with management roles). The main goal of our approach is to simulate a real-life development scenario giving to the students the possibility to deal with issues arising from typical project situations, such as working in a team, organising the division of work, and coping with time pressure and strict deadlines. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2012-07-30,Conference Paper,"Bavota, Gabriele;De Lucia, Andrea;Fasano, Fausto;Oliveto, Rocco;Zottoli, Carlo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85004267226,10.1177/004057369605200408,Software engineering for real-time systems,,,Theology Today,1996-01-01,Article,"Spencer, Jon Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38349125723,10.1145/2304696.2304702,Agile management for software engineering: Applying the theory of constraints for business results,,,Harvard Business Review,2008-01-01,Short Survey,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013115589,10.1504/ijbpm.2000.000066,Risk-based testing:: Risk analysis fundamentals and metrics for software testing including a financial application case study,"The economic importance of ‘knowledge work’ has become widely accepted. Less widely accepted are the changes knowledge work requires in how we manage performance. This paper explores the differences between knowledge work and more traditional physical and managerial work, in the context of economic agency models, the most rigorous extant theoretical representations of how to manage performance. Assumptions derived from the characteristics of knowledge work are used to extend agency models. The conclusions about how to manage from this extended model are different from the conclusions of traditional agency models. Linking measured performance and compensation - a common recommendation that arises from interpretations of agency theories - is effective in knowledge work contexts only if knowledge workers are intrinsically motivated. We conclude that agency models and recommendations derived from them are relevant only to the extent that they employ modified assumptions consistent with the distinctive characteristics of knowledge work and knowledge workers. © 2000 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",Agency theory | knowledge work | motivation | principal-agent theory | skills,International Journal of Business Performance Management,2000-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Larkey, Patrick D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861004069,10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.03.005,"Software effort, No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure, and cycle time: A study of CMM level 5 projects","The current research examines the effects of time pressure on decision behavior based on a prospect theory framework. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants estimated certainty equivalents for binary gains-only bets in the presence or absence of time pressure. In Experiment 3, participants assessed comparable bets that were framed as losses. Data were modeled to establish psychological mechanisms underlying decision behavior. In Experiments 1 and 2, time pressure led to increased risk attractiveness, but no significant differences emerged in either probability discriminability or outcome utility. In Experiment 3, time pressure reduced probability discriminability, which was coupled with severe risk-seeking behavior for both conditions in the domain of losses. No significant effects of control over outcomes were observed. Results provide qualified support for theories that suggest increased risk-seeking for gains under time pressure. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.",Choice | Decision making | Gambling | Probability | Prospect theory | Time pressure,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2012-07-01,Article,"Young, Diana L.;Goodie, Adam S.;Hall, Daniel B.;Wu, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864626704,10.1017/s1930297500002849,Software engineering decision support–a new paradigm for learning software organizations,"Dynamic, connectionist models of decision making, such as decision field theory (Roe, Busemeyer, & Townsend, 2001), propose that the effect of context on choice arises from a series of pairwise comparisons between attributes of alternatives across time. As such, they predict that limiting the amount of time to make a decision should decrease rather than increase the size of contextual effects. This prediction was tested across four levels of time pressure on both the asymmetric dominance (Huber, Payne, & Puto, 1982) and compromise (Simonson, 1989) decoy effects in choice. Overall, results supported this prediction, with both types of decoy effects found to be larger as time pressure decreased.",Asymmetric dominance | Choice | Compromise | Context | Decision making | Time pressure,Judgment and Decision Making,2012-01-01,Article,"Pettibone, Jonathan C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870449624,10.1016/S0164-1212(96)00156-2,Software-engineering process simulation model (SEPS),"Two studies are reported that investigated the role that time pressure and accountability play in moderating expectancy based judgments of a tennis player's performance. Adopting a between subjects design, male participants (N = 57, N = 62, respectively) with experience of viewing or playing tennis watched video footage of a tennis player displaying either positive or negative body language during the standard warm-up period that precedes the start of a tennis match. An identical period of play was then viewed by all participants with judgments of the player's performance being recorded on seven Likert-type scales. Time pressure (Study 1) and accountability (Study 2) served as additional independent variables which were manipulated in conjunction with the body language condition during the warm-up phase. In Study 1, between groups analysis of variance demonstrated an interaction between body language and time pressure (p = .001; ηp2 = . 18) such that when under time pressure the participants rated the player's performance more favourably having previously viewed the player displaying positive as opposed to negative body language. In Study 2, between groups analysis of variance evidenced a main effect for body language (p = .02; ηp2 =.10), however accountability was not seen to influence judgments of the player. This work confirms the existence of expectancy effects in sport and indicates that observers may be more susceptible to being influenced by prior held expectations of athletes when judgments are made under time pressure.",Accountability | Social perception | Time pressure,International Journal of Sport Psychology,2012-07-01,Article,"Buscombe, Richard M.;Greenlees, Iain A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862490111,10.1007/978-3-642-30950-2_113,Software engineering: principles and practice,Time pressure helps students practice efficient strategies. We report strong effects from using games to promote fluency in mathematics. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.,educational games | evaluation | fluency | mathematics | number sense | retention,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2012-06-22,Conference Paper,"Ritter, Steve;Nixon, Tristan;Lomas, Derek;Stamper, John;Ching, Dixie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862812377,10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.061,A review of software surveys on software effort estimation,"Emergency management (EM) is a very important issue with various kinds of emergency events frequently taking place. One of the most important components of EM is to evaluate the emergency response capacity (ERC) of emergency department or emergency alternative. Because of time pressure, lack of experience and data, experts often evaluate the importance and the ratings of qualitative criteria in the form of linguistic variable. This paper presents a hybrid fuzzy method consisting fuzzy AHP and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach to evaluate emergency response capacity. This study has been done in three stages. In the first stage we present a hierarchy of the evaluation index system for emergency response capacity. In the second stage we use fuzzy AHP to analyze the structure of the emergency response capacity evaluation problem. Using linguistic variables, pairwise comparisons for the evaluation criteria and sub-criteria are made to determine the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria. In the third stage, the ratings of sub-criteria are assessed in linguistic values represented by triangular fuzzy numbers to express the qualitative evaluation of experts' subjective opinions, and the linguistic values are transformed into 2-tuples. Use the 2-tuple linguistic weighted average operator (LWAO) to compute the aggregated ratings of criteria and the overall emergency response capacity (OERC) of the emergency alternative. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed hybrid fuzzy approach by means of comparing the emergency response capacity of three emergency alternatives. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2-Tuple fuzzy linguistic approach | Emergency response capacity | Fuzzy AHP,Expert Systems with Applications,2012-06-15,Article,"Ju, Yanbing;Wang, Aihua;Liu, Xiaoyue",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349327333,10.17705/1cais.02419,Designing and Engineering Time: The Psychology of Time Perception in Software (Adobe Reader),"We report on the design and implementation of an unusual course in Information Systems (IS) management built around an extended case series: a fictitious but reality-based story about the trials and tribulations of a newly appointed but not-technically-trained Chief Information Officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. Together the cases constitute a true-to-life novel about IS management (published, in fact, as a novel, as well as individual cases). Four principles guided development of the series and its associated pedagogy: 1) Emphasis on integrative, soft-skill, and business-oriented aspects of IS independent of underlying technologies; 2) Student derivation and ongoing refinement of cumulative theoretical frameworks arrived at via in-class discussion; 3) Identification of a set of core issues vital to practice that collectively approximate IS management as a business discipline; and 4) Design for student engagement, in particular by basing the case story on the monomyth a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world. A supporting website facilitates sharing of teaching materials and experiences by faculty using the case series. We report results from using this curriculum with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities in different countries and with executives at a multinational corporation and in an executive program at Harvard Business School. Our results suggest that a novel-based approach holds considerable promise for use at undergraduate, graduate, and executive levels, and that it might have advantages in addressing the so-called enrollment crisis in IS education, especially with the generation of digital natives who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment that compete for their attention. © 2009 by the authors.",Case-based learning | Information systems curriculum | IS curriculum development | IS education | IS management education,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Nolan, Richard L.;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861746029,10.1177/1046496412440055,Software process improvement at Hughes Aircraft,"In the present experiment, members of three-person groups read information about two hypothetical cholesterol-reducing drugs and collectively chose the better drug under high or low time pressure. Information was distributed to members as a hidden profile such that the information that supported the better drug was unshared before discussion. Correct solution of the hidden profile required members to pool their unshared knowledge. Some groups discussed the drug information from memory (memory condition). Others kept the drug information during discussion, accessing sheets that either indicated which pieces of information were shared and unshared (informed access condition) or did not (access condition). Low time pressure groups chose the better drug more often than high time pressure groups, particularly when groups had access to information. Groups in the informed access condition chose the correct drug more often than groups in the memory and access conditions. Memory groups showed the typical discussion bias favoring shared over unshared information, whereas groups with access to information during discussion reversed this bias. This effect was stronger under low than high time pressure. © The Author(s) 2012.",hidden profile | information sharing | time pressure,Small Group Research,2012-06-01,Article,"Bowman, Jonathan M.;Wittenbaum, Gwen M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862069816,10.1145/2207676.2207689,Process improvement and the corporate balance sheet,"Previous research into the experience of videogames has shown the importance of the role of challenge in producing a good experience. However, defining exactly which challenges are important and which aspects of gaming experience are affected is largely under-explored. In this paper, we investigate if altering the level of challenge in a videogame influences people's experience of immersion. Our first study demonstrates that simply increasing the physical demands of the game by requiring gamers to interact more with the game does not result in increased immersion. In a further two studies, we use time pressure to make games more physically and cognitively challenging. We find that the addition of time pressure increases immersion as predicted. We argue that the level of challenge experienced is an interaction between the level of expertise of the gamer and the cognitive challenge encompassed within the game. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Challenge | Games | Immersion,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Cox, Anna L.;Cairns, Paul;Shah, Pari;Carroll, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862091086,10.1145/2207676.2207744,Components in real-time systems,This paper examines the ability to detect a characteristic brain potential called the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) using off-the-shelf headsets and explores its applicability to HCI. ERN is triggered when a user either makes a mistake or the application behaves differently from their expectation. We first show that ERN can be seen on signals captured by EEG headsets like Emotiv™ when doing a typical multiple choice reaction time (RT) task - Flanker task. We then present a single-trial online ERN algorithm that works by pre-computing the coefficient matrix of a logistic regression classifier using some data from a multiple choice reaction time task and uses it to classify incoming signals of that task on a single trial of data. We apply it to an interactive selection task that involved users selecting an object under time pressure. Furthermore the study was conducted in a typical office environment with ambient noise. Our results show that online single trial ERN detection is possible using off-the-shelf headsets during tasks that are typical of interactive applications. We then design a Superflick experiment with an integrated module mimicking an ERN detector to evaluate the accuracy of detecting ERN in the context of assisting users in interactive tasks. Based on these results we discuss and present several HCI scenarios for use of ERN. Copyright 2012 ACM.,Brain Computer Interface | EEG | Electroencephalography | Error Related Negativity | Flick | User interface,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Vi, Chi Thanh;Subramanian, Sriram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861213188,10.1109/C5.2012.7,Project work: the organisation of collaborative design and development in software engineering,"Writing unit tests for a software system enhances the confidence that a system works as expected. Since time pressure often prevents a complete testing of all application details developers need to know which new tests the system requires. Developers also need to know which existing tests take the most time and slow down the whole development process. Missing feedback about less tested functionality and reasons for long running test cases make it, however, harder to create a test suite that covers all important parts of a software system in a minimum of time. As a result a software system may be inadequately tested and developers may test less frequently. Our approach provides test quality feedback to guide developers in identifying missing tests and correcting low-quality tests. We provide developers with a tool that analyzes test suites with respect to their effectivity (e.g., missing tests) and efficiency (e.g., time and memory consumption). We implement our approach, named Path Map, as an extended test runner within the Squeak Smalltalk IDE and demonstrate its benefits by improving the test quality of representative software systems. © 2012 IEEE.",Dynamic Analysis | Test Quality Feedback | Unit Tests,"Proceedings - 10th International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing, C5 2012",2012-05-23,Conference Paper,"Perscheid, Michael;Cassou, Damien;Hirschfeld, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975070500,10.1109/CogSIMA.2012.6188384,Economic perspectives in test automation: balancing automated and manual testing with opportunity cost,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2016-12-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Upton, David M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860849759,10.1016/j.visres.2011.09.007,Major causes of software project failures,"In the perceptual learning (PL) literature, researchers typically focus on improvements in accuracy, such as . d'. In contrast, researchers who investigate the practice of cognitive skills focus on improvements in response times (RT). Here, we argue for the importance of accounting for both accuracy and RT in PL experiments, due to the phenomenon of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT): at a given level of discriminability, faster responses tend to produce more errors. A formal model of the decision process, such as the diffusion model, can explain the SAT. In this model, a parameter known as the drift rate represents the perceptual strength of the stimulus, where higher drift rates lead to more accurate and faster responses. We applied the diffusion model to analyze responses from a yes-no coherent motion detection task. The results indicate that observers do not use a fixed threshold for evidence accumulation, so changes in the observed accuracy may not provide the most appropriate estimate of learning. Instead, our results suggest that SAT can be accounted for by a modeling approach, and that drift rates offer a promising index of PL. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.",Perceptual learning | Response times | Signal detection theory | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Vision Research,2012-05-15,Article,"Liu, Charles C.;Watanabe, Takeo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870612086,10.2308/accr-10213,Improving software process improvement,"We investigate how the strictness of a requirement to consult on potential client fraud affects auditors' propensity to consult with firm experts. We consider two specific forms of guidance about fraud consultations: (1) strict, i.e., mandatory and binding; and (2) lenient, i.e., advisory and non-binding. We predict that a strict consultation requirement will lead to greater propensity to consult, particularly under certain client- and engagement-related conditions. Results from two experiments with 163 Dutch audit managers and partners demonstrate that consultation propensity is higher under a strict consultation requirement, but only when underlying fraud risk is high. The strictness effect is also greater under tight versus relaxed time pressure. Further, a strict standard increases auditors' perceived probability that a fraud indicator exists. Overall, we demonstrate that the formulation of a standard can have the desired effect on the judgments of auditors while also creating unexpected incentives that may influence auditor judgments.",Auditing standards | Consultation propensity | Consultation requirement | Deadline pressure | Fraud | Fraud risk,Accounting Review,2012-05-01,Article,"Gold, Anna;Knechel, W. Robert;Wallage, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859615613,10.1080/13668803.2011.609656,Value-based software engineering,"The experience of time has been posited as an important predictor of work-family conflict; however, few studies have considered subjective and objective aspects of time conjointly. This study examined the reported number of hours dedicated to work and family as indices of objective aspects of time, and perceived time pressure (in the work and family domains respectively) as an important feature of the subjective nature of temporal experiences within the work-family interface. Results indicate that the stress of having insufficient time to fulfill commitments in one domain (i.e., perceived time pressure) predicts work-family conflict, and that perceived time pressures predict the amount of time allocated to a domain. Additionally, findings suggest that domain boundaries are not symmetrical, with work boundaries being more rigidly constructed than family boundaries. Workto-family and family-to-work conflict were generally related to overall health, turnover intentions, and work performance, as expected. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",health | performance | time pressure | turnover intentions | work-family conflict,"Community, Work and Family",2012-05-01,Article,"Dugan, Alicia G.;Matthews, Russell A.;Barnes-Farrell, Janet L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863872829,10.5153/sro.2626,From origami to software development: A review of studies on judgment-based predictions of performance time.,"The current paper takes as a focus some issues relating to the possibility for, and effective conduct of, qualitative secondary data analysis. We consider some challenges for the re-use of qualitative research data, relating to researcher distance from the production of primary data, and related constraints on knowledge of the proximate contexts of data production. With others we argue that distance and partial knowledge of proximate contexts may constrain secondary analysis but that its success is contingent on its objectives. So long as data analysis is fit for purpose then secondary analysis is no poor relation to primary analysis. We argue that a set of middle range issues has been relatively neglected in debates about secondary analysis, and that there is much that can be gained from more critical reflection on how salient contexts are conceptualised, and how they are accessed, and assumed, within methodologies and extant data sets. We also argue for more critical reflection on how effective knowledge claims are built. We develop these arguments through a consideration of ESRC Timescapes qualitative data sets with reference to an illustrative analysis of gender, time pressure and work/family commitments. We work across disparate data sets and consider strategies for translating evidence, and engendering meaningful analytic conversation, between them. © Sociological Research Online, 1996-2012.",Gender | Qualitative research methods | Re-Use | Secondary analysis | Time pressure,Sociological Research Online,2012-01-01,Article,"Irwin, Sarah;Winterton, Mandy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863451137,,Requirements prioritisation: an experiment on exhaustive pair-wise comparisons versus planning game partitioning,"Background: Although depression is often considered as a single or unitary construct, evidence indicates the existence of several major subtypes of depression, some of which have distinct neurobiological bases and treatment options. Objective: To explore the incidence of five subtypes of depression, and to identify which lifestyle changes and stressor demands are associated with each of five established subtypes of depression, within a homogenous non-clinical sample. Method: 398 Australian university students completed the Effects of University Study on Lifestyle Questionnaire to identify their major stressors, plus the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale to measure their symptomatology. Regression analysis was used to identify which stressors were most powerful predictors of each depression subtype. Results: The five different subtypes of depression were predicted by a range of different stressors. Incidence of clinically significant scores for the subtypes of depression varied, with some participants experiencing more than one subtype of depression. Conclusions: Different depression subtypes were predicted by different stressors, potentially challenging the clinical validity of depression as a unitary construct. Although restricted in their generalisability to clinical patient samples, these findings suggest further targets for research with depressed patients.",Depression | Stress | Treatment,German Journal of Psychiatry,2012-05-01,Article,"Bitsika, Vicki;Sharpley, Christopher F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860318345,10.1080/10454446.2012.666453,Software development on Internet time,"A study was carried out in Germany in order to assess consumers' acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods with health benefits (bread, yohurt and eggs). Acceptability of GM foods increases when its source does not involve animal products such as eggs. Three factors have been identified as direct antecedents of the acceptance of GM foods: respondents' attitude towards biotechnology, health consciousness, and time pressure, being the first one the most salient one. Price consciousness has an indirect positive impact (mediated by health consciousness) upon acceptance of GM products. Males were more likely to accept GM foods with health benefits. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",attitude toward biotechnology | GM food | health and price consciousness | time pressure,Journal of Food Products Marketing,2012-05-01,Article,"Rojas-Méndez, José I.;Ahmed, Sadrudin A.;Claro-Riethmüller, Rodrigo;Spiller, Achim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858114903,10.1016/j.trf.2012.02.004,The time famine: Toward a sociology of work time,"This paper proposes a goal conflict model that links drivers' conflicting motivations for fast and safe driving with an emotional state of anxiety. It is proposed that this linkage is mediated by a behavioural inhibition system (Gray & McNaughton, 2000) affecting drivers' mood, physiological responses and choice of speed. The model was tested with 24 male participants, each of whom undertook 18 runs of a simple driving simulation. On each run, the goal conflict was induced by time pressure and the advance warning of a possible encounter with a deer. The conflict's intensity varied depending on the magnitude of the equally-sized gain and loss assigned to early arrival and collision respectively. Results show that the larger the conflict, the more slowly the participants drove. In addition, they rated themselves as being more anxious, attentive, and aroused. An increase in task difficulty induced by low visibility resulted in an additional speed reduction and increase in self-reported anxiety but did not lead to a further increase in self-assessed attention and arousal. Overall, the number of electrodermal responses depended neither on conflict nor on task difficulty, but increased linearly with conflict during low visibility. Implications for the incorporation of goal conflict into theories on driving behaviour and conclusions for traffic safety policies are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Accident risk | Anxiety | Driving behaviour | Goal conflict | Speed selection,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2012-01-01,Article,"Schmidt-Daffy, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864539129,10.1097/TA.0b013e318246e879,Software architecture for hard real-time applications: cyclic executives vs. fixed priority executives,"BACKGROUND: In a mass casualty situation, evacuation of severely injured patients to the appropriate health care facility is of critical importance. The prehospital stage of a mass casualty incident (MCI) is typically chaotic, characterized by dynamic changes and severe time constraints. As a result, those involved in the prehospital evacuation process must be able to make crucial decisions in real time. This article presents a model intended to assist in the management of MCIs. The Mass Casualty Patient Allocation Model has been designed to facilitate effective evacuation by providing key information about nearby hospitals, including driving times and real-time bed capacity. These data will enable paramedics to make informed decisions in support of timely and appropriate patient allocation during MCIs. The model also enables simulation exercises for disaster preparedness and first response training. METHODS: Road network and hospital location data were used to precalculate road travel times from all locations in Metro Vancouver to all Level I to III trauma hospitals. Hospital capacity data were obtained from hospitals and were updated by tracking patient evacuation from the MCI locations. In combination, these data were used to construct a sophisticated web-based simulation model for use by emergency response personnel. RESULTS: The model provides information critical to the decision-making process within a matter of seconds. This includes driving times to the nearest hospitals, the trauma service level of each hospital, the location of hospitals in relation to the incident, and up-to-date hospital capacity. CONCLUSION: The dynamic and evolving nature of MCIs requires that decisions regarding prehospital management be made under extreme time pressure. This model provides tools for these decisions to be made in an informed fashion with continuously updated hospital capacity information. In addition, it permits complex MCI simulation for response and preparedness training. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.",Emergency response | Hospital capacity | Mass casualty | Trauma systems | Web-based interactive model,Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery,2012-05-01,Article,"Amram, Ofer;Schuurman, Nadine;Hedley, Nick;Hameed, S. Morad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859828495,10.3233/WOR-2012-0197-462,Moving out from the control room: ethnography in system design,"The increased generation of garbage has become a problem in large cities, with greater demand for collection services. The collector is subjected to high workload. This study describes the work in garbage collection service, highlighting the requirements of time, resulting in physical and psychosocial demands to collectors. Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) - a method focused on the study of work in real situations was used. Initially, technical visits, global observations and unstructured interviews with different subjects of a garbage collection company were conducted. The following step of the systematic observations was accompanied by interviews conducted during the execution of tasks, inquiring about the actions taken, and also interviews about the actions, but conducted after the development of the tasks, photographic records and audiovisual recordings, of workers from two garbage collection teams. Contradictions between the prescribed work and activities (actual work) were identified, as well as the variability present in this process, and strategies adopted by these workers to regulate the workload. It was concluded that the insufficiency of means and the organizational structure of management ensue a situation where the collection process is maintained at the expense of hyper-requesting these workers, both physically and psychosocially. © 2012 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.",Ergonomics | Physical exertion | Psychosocial distress | Urban Cleaning,Work,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"De Oliveira Camada, Ilza Mitsuko;Pataro, Silvana Maria Santos;De Cássia Pereira Fernandes, Rita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859827310,10.1145/2159616.2159626,A study of effective regression testing in practice,"We propose a new technique to simulate dynamic patterns of crowd behaviors using stress modeling. Our model accounts for permanent, stable disposition and the dynamic nature of human behaviors that change in response to the situation. The resulting approach accounts for changes in behavior in response to external stressors based on well-known theories in psychology. We combine this model with recent techniques on personality modeling for multi-agent simulations to capture a wide variety of behavioral changes and stressors. The overall formulation allows different stressors, expressed as functions of space and time, including time pressure, positional stressors, area stressors and inter-personal stressors. This model can be used to simulate dynamic crowd behaviors at interactive rates, including walking at variable speeds, breaking lane-formation over time, and cutting through a normal flow. We also perform qualitative and quantitative comparisons between our simulation results and real-world observations. © 2012 ACM.",crowd simulation | dynamic behaviors | psychological models,Proceedings - I3D 2012: ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"Kim, Sujeong;Guy, Stephen J.;Manocha, Dinesh;Lin, Ming C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859815899,,A Simulation-Based Game for Project Management Experiential Learning.,"Whilst the relationship between driver stress and crashes has been established, little is known about how an organisation's safety culture might mediate this relationship in the passenger services industry. Interviews with thirty bus drivers from a major bus company were conducted to investigate work related road risk and safety culture. A qualitative analysis revealed that the company's unrealistic time schedules were perceived to be a major contributor to crash involvement. Bus drivers consider that the company puts profits over safety and that policies and practices creates time pressure and increases crash risk. The results are discussed with reference to organisational processes, safety systems and regulation issues.",,Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2012,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"Dorn, Lisa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651378473,10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.005,Software maintenance,"Impulsivity refers to a set of heterogeneous behaviors that are tuned suboptimally along certain temporal dimensions. Impulsive intertemporal choice refers to the tendency to forego a large but delayed reward and to seek an inferior but more immediate reward, whereas impulsive motor responses also result when the subjects fail to suppress inappropriate automatic behaviors. In addition, impulsive actions can be produced when too much emphasis is placed on speed rather than accuracy in a wide range of behaviors, including perceptual decision making. Despite this heterogeneous nature, the prefrontal cortex and its connected areas, such as the basal ganglia, play an important role in gating impulsive actions in a variety of behavioral tasks. Here, we describe key features of computations necessary for optimal decision making and how their failures can lead to impulsive behaviors. We also review the recent findings from neuroimaging and single-neuron recording studies on the neural mechanisms related to impulsive behaviors. Converging approaches in economics, psychology, and neuroscience provide a unique vista for better understanding the nature of behavioral impairments associated with impulsivity. © 2011 Society of Biological Psychiatry.",Basal ganglia | intertemporal choice | response inhibition | speed-accuracy tradeoff | switching | temporal discounting,Biological Psychiatry,2011-06-15,Review,"Kim, Soyoun;Lee, Daeyeol",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859389990,10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01221.x,Software process simulation for reliability management,"For decisions between many alternatives, the benchmark result is Hick's Law: that response time increases log-linearly with the number of choice alternatives. Even when Hick's Law is observed for response times, divergent results have been observed for error rates-sometimes error rates increase with the number of choice alternatives, and sometimes they are constant. We provide evidence from two experiments that error rates are mostly independent of the number of choice alternatives, unless context effects induce participants to trade speed for accuracy across conditions. Error rate data have previously been used to discriminate between competing theoretical accounts of Hick's Law, and our results question the validity of those conclusions. We show that a previously dismissed optimal observer model might provide a parsimonious account of both response time and error rate data. The model suggests that people approximate Bayesian inference in multi-alternative choice, except for some perceptual limitations. © 2012 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.",Bayesian | Context effect | Hick's Law | Multi-alternative choice | Optimal observer | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Cognitive Science,2012-04-01,Article,"Hawkins, Guy;Brown, Scott D.;Steyvers, Mark;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349841167,10.5465/AMLE.2009.44287935,Predicting acceptance of software process improvement,"Technology management poses particular challenges for educators because it requires facility with different kinds of knowledge and wide-ranging learning abilities. We report on the development and delivery of an information technology (IT) management course designed to address these challenges. Our approach is built around a narrative, the ""IVK extended case series,"" a fictitious but reality-based story about a newly appointed, not-technically-trained chief information officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. We designed the course around a narrative and composed the narrative in a specific way to achieve two key objectives. First, this format allowed us to combine the active student orientation typical of case-based approaches with the systematic construction of cumulative theoretical frameworks more characteristic of lecture-based methods. Second, basing the narrative on the monomyth, a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world, encourages students to more fully inhabit the story's hero, which leads to fuller engagement and more active learning. We report results using this approach with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities located in different countries, and with executives at a major multinational corporation and an open enrollment program at a major business school. Student course feedback and a follow-up survey administered about 1 year after the course suggest that the extended narrative approach mostly achieves its design objectives. We suggest that the approach might be used more widely in teaching technology management, particularly with ""digital natives,"" who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment competing for their attention. © 2009 Academy of Management Learning & Education.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Nolan, Richard;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886198568,10.1002/9781119942849.ch10,Packaged software development teams: what makes them different?,,"CATI samples | Education and public administration | ESENER, health and safety at work | Psychosocial risk management | Psychosocial risk management, across EU | Psychosocial risks | Time pressure, concerns in establishments",Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice,2012-03-29,Book Chapter,"Cockburn, William;Milczarek, Malgorzata;Irastorza, Xabier;Rial González, Eusebio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84920697725,10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374827.003.0005,Software penetration testing,"This chapter provides an explanation regarding team decision accuracy that appeared to decline regardless of the type of human-computer interface used, as time pressure increased. This can be done by using a Brunswikian theory of team decision making and the lens model equation (LME). The chapter also presents some relevant theoretical concepts; it then describes the experiment and new analyses. The final section discusses the strength and limitations of the research. The effectiveness of different humancomputer interfaces was studied under increasing levels of time pressure. It is shown that the Brunswikian multilevel theory, as operationally defined by the LME and path modeling, displayed that the decrease in leader achievement with increasing time pressure (tempo) was caused by a breakdown in the flow of information among team members. Results also revealed that this research exhibits how Brunswikian theory and the LME can be used to study the effect of computer displays on team (or individual) decision making.",Brunswikian multilevel theory | Computer displays | Human-computer interface | Lens model equation | Path modeling | Team decision making | Time pressure,Adaptive Perspectives on Human-Technology Interaction: Methods and Models for Cognitive Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction,2012-03-22,Book Chapter,"Adelman, Leonard;Yeo, Cedric;Miller, Sheryl L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857886574,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00890.x,Controlling software projects,"Some studies have assumed close proximity to improve team communication on the premise that reduced physical distance increases the chance of contact and information exchange. However, research showed that the relationship between team proximity and team communication is not always straightforward and may depend on some contextual conditions. Hence, this study was designed with the purpose of examining how a contextual condition like time pressure may influence the relationship between team proximity and team communication. In this study, time pressure was conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct: challenge time pressure and hindrance time pressure, such that each has different moderating effects on the proximity-communication relationship. The research was conducted with 81 new product development (NPD) teams (437 respondents) in Western Europe (Belgium, England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands). These teams functioned in short-cycled industries and developed innovative products for the consumer, electronic, semiconductor, and medical sectors. The unit of analysis was a team, which could be from a single-team or a multiteam project. Results showed that challenge time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience high rather than low challenge time pressure. Hindrance time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience low rather than high hindrance time pressure. Our findings contribute to theory in two ways. First, this study showed that challenge and hindrance time pressure differently influences the benefits of team proximity toward team communication in a particular work context. We found that teams under high hindrance time pressure do not benefit from close proximity, given the natural tendency for premature cognitive closure and the use of avoidance coping tactics when problems surface. Thus, simply reducing physical distances is unlikely to promote communication if motivational or human factors are neglected. Second, this study demonstrates the strength of the challenge-hindrance stressor framework in advancing theory and explaining inconsistencies. Past studies determined time pressure by considering only its levels without distinguishing the type of time pressure. We suggest that this study might not have been able to uncover the moderating effects of time pressure if we had conceptualized time pressure in the conventional way. © 2012 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012-03-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Rutte, Christel G.;Chai, Kah Hin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863297480,10.1108/02686901211207492,The grid economy,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of varying motivation induced by financial incentives and common uncertainty caused by time pressure on audit judgment performance. Design/methodology/approach - The experimental method is used to examine how financial incentives and time pressure affect audit performance, based on predictions by both economic and behavioral theories. The relative performance contract and the profit sharing contract are two incentive schemes considered. To achieve the incentive effect on subjects when conducting the experiment, all subjects were compensated with real cash rewards, according to their incentive contracts as randomly assigned. Findings - As predicted, major results show that both incentive contract and time pressure affect audit judgment performance. The audit performance is generally better under the relative performance contract than under the profit sharing contract. Additionally, it is demonstrated that an increase in the level of time pressure significantly improves recall, recognition, and total efficiency under both types of incentive contracts, but impairs recall and total performance, particularly under the relative performance contract. Moreover, the reduction of recall and total performance under the relative performance contract is significantly greater than under the profit sharing contract. Nevertheless, in this case, the relative performance contract still outperforms the profit sharing contract. Research limitations/implications - The findings suggest the relative superiority of the relative performance contract in comparison with the profit sharing contract in improving auditors' judgment performance for structured tasks. Practical implications - The relative performance contract would motivate junior auditors to exert more effort to increase their performance in the work environment of increased time pressure. The audit firms may incorporate relative performance evaluations into incentive schemes, to improve junior auditors' performance for structured tasks. Originality/value - The paper is of value to audit firms in the design of performance-contingent incentive contracts. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Auditors | Incentive schemes | Performance appraisal | Performance evaluation | Profit sharing | Relative performance | Time budget,Managerial Auditing Journal,2012-03-01,Article,"Lee, Hua",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857073369,10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02022.x,What do software practitioners really think about project success: an exploratory study,"This diary study adds to research on the Job Demands-Resources model. We test main propositions of this model on the level of daily processes, namely, additive and interaction effects of day-specific job demands and day-specific job and personal resources on day-specific work engagement. One hundred and fourteen employees completed electronic questionnaires three times a day over the course of one working week. Hierarchical linear models indicated that day-specific resources (psychological climate, job control, and being recovered in the morning) promoted work engagement. As predicted, day-specific job control qualified the relationship between day-specific time pressure and work engagement: on days with higher job control, time pressure was beneficial for work engagement. On days with lower job control, time pressure was detrimental for work engagement. We discuss our findings and contextualize them in the current literature on dynamic and emergent job characteristics. © 2011 The British Psychological Society.",,Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,2012-03-01,Article,"Kühnel, Jana;Sonnentag, Sabine;Bledow, Ronald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859162591,10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.023,Improving speed and productivity of software development: a global survey of software developers,"The present study tested the hypothesis of an additive interaction between intrinsic, extraneous and germane cognitive load, by manipulating factors of mental workload assumed to have a specific effect on either type of cognitive load. The study of cognitive load factors and their interaction is essential if we are to improve workers' wellbeing and safety at work. High cognitive load requires the individual to allocate extra resources to entering information. It is thought that this demand for extra resources may reduce processing efficiency and performance. The present study tested the effects of three factors thought to act on either cognitive load type, i.e. task difficulty, time pressure and alertness in a working memory task. Results revealed additive effects of task difficulty and time pressure, and a modulation by alertness on behavioral, subjective and psychophysiological workload measures. Mental overload can be the result of a combination of task-related components, but its occurrence may also depend on subject-related characteristics, including alertness. Solutions designed to reduce incidents and accidents at work should consider work organization in addition to task constraints in so far that both these factors may interfere with mental workload. © 2011 Elsevier B.V..",Alertness | Cognitive load | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Working memory task | Workload measures,International Journal of Psychophysiology,2012-03-01,Article,"Galy, Edith;Cariou, Magali;Mélan, Claudine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987858703,10.1109/MSP.2011.179,Conducting realistic experiments in software engineering,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2016-09-12,Note,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85108491724,10.4324/9781315852430-34,Lessons learned from modeling the dynamics of software development,"In this chapter, four scholars and teachers write about their practices for altering the classroom and for changing the way that students learn management through engaging with art and aesthetics. Each author describes how he discovered that art forms, materials, works, and practices hold inspiration for teaching management, how they have changed their teaching approach accordingly, and where the journey has taken them so far. Reflections on the practical dos and don’ts of drawing inspiration from the arts accompany the accounts.",,The Routledge Companion to Reinventing Management Education,2016-06-17,Book Chapter,"Meisiek, Stefan;De Monthoux, Pierre Guillet;Barry, Daved;Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900330295,10.1016/j.jss.2006.01.010,Software project managers and project success: An exploratory study,"Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are in the midst of aviation's next generation. UAS are being utilized at an increasing rate by military and security operations and are becoming widely popular in usage from search and rescue and weather research to homeland security and border patrol. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently working to define acceptable UAS performance standards and procedures for routine access for their use in the National Airspace System (NAS). This study examined the effects of system reliability and time pressure on unmanned aircraft systems operator performance and mental workload. Twenty-four undergraduate and graduate students, male and female, from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated in this study on a voluntary basis. The primary tasks were image processing time and target acquisition accuracy; three secondary tasks were concerned with responding to events encountered in typical UAS operations. Mental workload and trust levels of Multi-Modal Immersive Intelligent Interface for Remote Operation (MIIIRO) system were also studied and analyzed. System reliability was found to produce a significant effect for image processing time, while time pressure produced a significant effect for target acquisition accuracy. A significant effect was found for the interaction between system reliability and time pressure for pop-up threats re-routing processing time. The results were examined and recommendations for future research are discussed.",Automation | Mental workload | System reliability | Time pressure | Unmanned aircraft system,62nd IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2012,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ghatas, Rania;Liu, Dahai;Frederick-Recascino, Christina;Wise, John;Archer, Julian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900303498,,"The impact of software process improvement on No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure: in theory and practice","In the recent years, UASs have sparked the interest of other fields, and in the very near future, they will be introduced into the National Airspace System (NAS). The UAS operator task differs from that of a manned aircraft pilot. This study examined the effects of system reliability and task uncertainty on UAS operator performance, measuring image processing accuracy and image processing time through a primary task and three secondary tasks. The primary task was image processing that entailed differentiating between targets and distracters, making necessary changes to the identifications provided by the automation and processing images accurately within a five-second window. There were also three secondary tasks that are typical of UAS operations to which the participants had to respond as quickly as they could. Both system reliability and task uncertainty were found to be significant for primary task image processing time, but not for the secondary task. In contrast, accuracy was not found to be significantly affected by either one of the independent variables. The results are examined, and recommendations for future research are discussed.",Automation | Decision making | System reliability | Time pressure | Unmanned aerial system,62nd IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2012,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jaramillo, Manuela;Liu, Dahai;Doherty, Shawn;Archer, Julian;Tang, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867652239,10.1177/0956797612441217,Software engineering handbook,"Eyewitness-identification tests often culminate in witnesses not picking the culprit or identifying innocent suspects. We tested a radical alternative to the traditional lineup procedure used in such tests. Rather than making a positive identification, witnesses made confidence judgments under a short deadline about whether each lineup member was the culprit. We compared this deadline procedure with the traditional sequential-lineup procedure in three experiments with retention intervals ranging from 5 min to 1 week. A classification algorithm that identified confidence criteria that optimally discriminated accurate from inaccurate decisions revealed that decision accuracy was 24% to 66% higher under the deadline procedure than under the traditional procedure. Confidence profiles across lineup stimuli were more informative than were identification decisions about the likelihood that an individual witness recognized the culprit or correctly recognized that the culprit was not present. Large differences between the maximum and the next-highest confidence value signaled very high accuracy. Future support for this procedure across varied conditions would highlight a viable alternative to the problematic lineup procedures that have traditionally been used by law enforcement. © The Author(s) 2012.",eyewitness memory | memory,Psychological Science,2012-01-01,Article,"Brewer, Neil;Weber, Nathan;Wootton, David;Lindsay, D. Stephen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052700438,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.08.003,University/industry collaboration in developing a simulation-based software project management training course,"Two experiments explored how learners allocate limited time across a set of relevant on-line texts, in order to determine the extent to which time allocation is sensitive to local task demands. The first experiment supported the idea that learners will spend more of their time reading easier texts when reading time is more limited; the second experiment showed that readers shift preference towards harder texts when their learning goals are more demanding. These phenomena evince an impressive capability of readers. Further, the experiments reveal that the most common method of time allocation is a version of satisficing (Reader and Payne, 2007) in which preference for texts emerges without any explicit comparison of the texts (the longest time spent reading each text is on the first time that text is encountered). These experiments therefore offer further empirical confirmation for a method of time allocation that relies on monitoring on-line texts as they are read, and which is sensitive to learning goals, available time and text difficulty. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Browsing | Information foraging | Sampling | Satisficing,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2012-01-01,Article,"Wilkinson, Susan C.;Reader, Will;Payne, Stephen J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937421730,10.1145/1145287.1145291,Defining and contributing to software development success,,,Safer Surgery: Analysing Behaviour in the Operating Theatre,2012-01-01,Book Chapter,"Mackenzie, Colin F.;Jeffcott, Shelly A.;Xiao, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81955164863,10.1016/j.jml.2011.08.004,Resource estimation in software engineering,"Current views of lexical selection in language production differ in whether they assume lexical selection by competition or not. To account for recent data with the picture-word interference (PWI) task, both views need to be supplemented with assumptions about the control processes that block distractor naming. In this paper, we propose that such control is achieved by the verbal self-monitor. If monitoring is involved in the PWI task, performance in this task should be affected by variables that influence monitoring such as lexicality, lexicality of context, and time pressure. Indeed, pictures were named more quickly when the distractor was a pseudoword than a word (Experiment 1), which reversed in a context of pseudoword items (Experiment 3). Additionally, under time pressure, participants frequently named the distractor instead of the picture, suggesting that the monitor failed to exclude the distractor response. Such errors occurred more often with word than pseudoword distractors (Experiment 2); however, the effect flipped around in a pseudoword context (Experiment 4). Our findings argue for the role of the monitoring system in lexical selection. Implications for competitive and non-competitive models are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Competitive model | Lexical selection | Picture-word interference task | Pseudowords | Verbal self-monitoring,Journal of Memory and Language,2012-01-01,Article,"Dhooge, Elisah;Hartsuiker, Robert J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83255187225,10.1016/j.jlp.2011.08.005,Analyzing enterprise resource planning system implementation success factors in the engineering–construction industry,"When a major hazard occurs on an installation, evacuation, escape, and rescue (EER) operations play a vital role in safeguarding the lives of personnel. There have been several major offshore accidents where most of the crew has been killed during EER operations. The major hazards and EER operations can be divided into three categories; depending on the hazard, time pressure and the risk influencing factors (RIFs). The RIFs are categorized into human elements, the installation and hazards. A step by step evacuation sequence is illustrated. The escape and evacuation sequence from the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling platform is reviewed based on testimonies from the survivors. Although no casualties were reported as a result of the EER operations from the Deepwater Horizon, the number of survivors offers a limited insight into the level of success of the EER operations. Several technical and non-technical improvements are suggested to improve EER operations. There is need for a comprehensive analysis of the systems used for the rescue of personnel at sea, life rafts and lifeboats in the Gulf of Mexico. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","Deepwater Horizon | Evacuation, escape and rescue | Major accident",Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2012-01-01,Article,"Skogdalen, Jon Espen;Khorsandi, Jahon;Vinnem, Jan Erik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857595725,,Working with objects: the OOram software engineering method,"In order to resolve issues in network-wide traffic signal control, transportation agencies worldwide sometimes revert to installation of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems. But, because of time pressure the buyers often have little time to consider the strengths and weaknesses of all systems fully. This often impairs effective decision-making in selecting the future Adaptive Traffic Control System and can lead to increased costs, lack of evident benefits, and even a shutdown of the system. In order to facilitate the effective decision-making of transportation agencies, this research focuses on providing compiled worldwide overview, comparison and analysis of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems features. The large-scale comparative analysis is bringing in different perspectives and experiences with Adaptive Traffic Control System installations. Potential lessons, coming from merged experiences from around the world, are relevant to applications in European transportation agencies.",,Traffic Engineering and Control,2012-01-01,Article,"Mladenovic, Milos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868336764,10.1007/978-3-642-34163-2_7,Making embedded software reuse practical and safe,"We discuss how enterprise architecture management (EAM) supports different types of enterprise transformation (ET), namely planned, proactive transformation on the one hand and emergent, reactive transformation on the other hand. We first conceptualize EAM as a dynamic capability to access the rich literature of the dynamic capabilities framework. Based on these theoretical foundations and observations from two case studies, we find that EAM can be configured both as a planned, structured capability to support proactive ET, as well as an improvisational, simple capability to support reactive ET under time pressure. We argue that an enterprise can simultaneously deploy both sets of EAM capabilities by identifying the core elements of EAM that are required for both capabilities as well as certain capability-specific extensions. We finally discuss governance and feedback mechanisms that help to balance the goals of flexibility and agility associated with dynamic and improvisational capabilities, respectively. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.",Dynamic Capabilities | Enterprise Architecture Management | Enterprise Transformation,Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Abraham, Ralf;Aier, Stephan;Winter, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870971112,10.1109/MC.2009.118,"Embedded software: Facts, figures, and future","We report on an experiment in redesign of curriculum for Information Technology (IT) management courses, a synthetic approach that attempts to combine the best features of explanation- and experience-based approaches. The IVK case series is a fictitious though realitybased story about the struggles of a newly appointed, not-technically-trained CIO in his first year on the job. The series constitutes a true-to-life novel, intended to involve students in an engaging story that simultaneously explores the nuances of major IT management issues. Three principles guided our development of this curriculum: 1) Emphasis on the business aspects of IT, independent of underlying technologies; 2) Student derivation of cumulative management frameworks arrived at via inductive in-class discussion; and 3) Identification of a set of core issues most vital in IT management practice, as a business discipline. We report results from using the curriculum with undergraduate and graduate students, and with executives at a multinational corporation.",Case-based learning | Information technology | IS education | IT management education,ICIS 2008 Proceedings - Twenty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Austin, Robert D.;Nolan, Richard L.;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84255176464,10.1145/2074712.2074718,The maturation of offshore sourcing of information technology work,"Motivation - To analyse human errors and determine the underlying reason for these errors, in particular by investigating the error production mechanism cognitive lockup. Research approach - A within subjects experiment has been conducted with 16 pilots in a high-fidelity and realistic environment. The independent variables were the cognitive task load factors time pressure and number of tasks, and the task variable task completion. In addition, the pilots rated the effort it took them to handle the tasks. To evaluate whether cognitive lockup occurred, the time it took the pilots to start handling a new, high-priority task was measured. Findings/Design - The results suggest that the cognitive task load factors, and the effort they induce in the pilots when executing the task, increase the likelihood of the occurrence of cognitive lockup. Research limitations/Implications - Investigating cognitive lockup empirically is limited, as it is a phenomenon rarely observable. Originality/Value - The research makes a contribution to understanding why pilots deviate from normative behaviour and with this to make it possible to improve the safety of operations on aircrafts. Take away message - The error production mechanism cognitive lockup might partially be explained by a high cognitive task load, produced by time pressure and a high number of tasks. © 2011 ACM.",aviation | cognitive lockup | cognitive task load model | simulator experiment,ECCE 2011 - European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2011: 29th Annual Conference of the European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics,2011-12-28,Conference Paper,"Looije, Rosemarijn;Mioch, Tina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83455162493,10.1109/WCRE.2011.30,Elements of a realistic CASE tool adoption budget,"Illegal cyberspace activities are increasing rapidly and many software engineers are using reverse engineering methods to respond to attacks. The security-sensitive nature of these tasks, such as the understanding of malware or the decryption of encrypted content, brings unique challenges to reverse engineering: work has to be done offline, files can rarely be shared, time pressure is immense, and there is a lack of tool and process support for capturing and sharing the knowledge obtained while trying to understand plain assembly code. To help us gain an understanding of this reverse engineering work, we report on an exploratory study done in a security context at a research and development government organization to explore their work processes, tools, and artifacts. In this paper, we identify challenges, such as the management and navigation of a myriad of artifacts, and we conclude by offering suggestions for tool and process improvements. © 2011 IEEE.",exploratory study | reverse engineering | security setting,"Proceedings - Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE",2011-12-19,Conference Paper,"Treude, Christoph;Filho, Fernando Figueira;Storey, Margaret Anne;Salois, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82955176937,10.1109/IDAACS.2011.6072901,BBN-based software project risk management,"The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of gaming simulation as a research method in project management. Gaming simulation is used for identifying the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants' attitudes in the early phase. By ambiguity we mean lack of clarity of goals and objectives of the project. Urgency refers to time pressure, in the sense that the project has to be completed within specified time frame. The results of the experiments shows that ambiguity and urgency leads to three significant response patterns by the project participants 1) the tendency to overly focus on the technical solution, 2) the tendency to make unverified assumptions 3) significance rise to personal emotions, such as fear, diffidence, competitiveness and eagerness. The results obtained using gaming simulation as a research method are consistent with previously published studies. The paper concludes that gaming simulation can be used in project management research. Threats to validity and reliability can be controlled to a satisfactory level if the game design and configuration guarantee an adequate level of realism and insight. © 2011 IEEE.",ambiguity | gaming | project management | simulation,"Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications, IDAACS'2011",2011-12-12,Conference Paper,"Hussein, Bassam A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864558135,10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00248,"Competitive engineering: a handbook for systems engineering, requirements engineering, and software engineering using Planguage","The influence of monetary incentives on performance has been widely investigated among various disciplines. While the results reveal positive incentive effects only under specific conditions, the exact nature, and the contribution of mediating factors are largely unexplored.The present study examined influences of payoff schemes as one of these factors. In particular, we manipulated penalties for errors and slow responses in a speeded categorization task.The data show improved performance for monetary over symbolic incentives when (a) penalties are higher for slow responses than for errors, and (b) neither slow responses nor errors are punished. Conversely, payoff schemes with stronger punishment for errors than for slow responses resulted in worse performance under monetary incentives. The findings suggest that an emphasis of speed is favorable for positive influences of monetary incentives, whereas an emphasis of accuracy under time pressure has the opposite effect. © 2011 Dambacher, Hübner and Schlösser.",Attentional effort | Flanker task | Monetary reward | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Psychology,2011-12-01,Article,"Dambacher, Michael;Hübner, Ronald;Schlösser, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871695883,10.1109/ICRA.2011.5980124,What factors lead to software project failure?,"This paper is about generating plans over uncertain maps quickly. Our approach combines the ALT (A* search, landmarks and the triangle inequality) algorithm and risk heuristics to guide search over probabilistic cost maps. We build on previous work which generates probabilistic cost maps from aerial imagery and use these cost maps to precompute heuristics for searches such as A* and D* using the ALT technique. The resulting heuristics are probability distributions. We can speed up and direct search by characterising the risk we are prepared to take in gaining search efficiency while sacrificing optimal path length. Results are shown which demonstrate that ALT provides a good approximation to the true distribution of the heuristic, and which show efficiency increases in excess of 70% over normal heuristic search methods. © 2011 IEEE.",,Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Murphy, Liz;Newman, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857986530,10.1109/HICSS.2012.593,"Software factories: assembling applications with patterns, models, frameworks and tools","The purpose of this research is to examine whether time pressure and cultural diversity influence psychological factors (i.e. motivation, and trust) in virtual teams. We also examine if the psychological factors shape information sharing in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing. We also find that national cultural diversity has negative relationship with information sharing. However, information sharing is found to be unrelated to solution quality. Additional statistical analyses demonstrate that sharing of process information is positively related to solution quality. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paul, Souren;He, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890656623,10.1109/ENABL.2003.1231428,Requirements engineering and agile software development,"Prior studies have suggested that time pressure and task completion play a role in the occurrence of cognitive lockup. However, supportive evidence is only partial. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate how both time pressure and task completion influence the occurrence of cognitive lockup, in order to better understand situations that could trigger the phenomenon. We found that if people have almost completed a task, the probability for cognitive lockup increases. We also found that the probability for cognitive lockup decreases, when people execute tasks for the second time. There was no effect of time pressure or an interaction effect found between task completion and time pressure. The results provide further support for the explanation that cognitive lockup up is the result of a decision making bias and that this bias could be triggered by the perception that a task is almost complete.",,CEUR Workshop Proceedings,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Schreuder, Ernestina J.A.;Mioch, Tina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884604477,,Managing software engineering knowledge,"Researchers have exerted increasing efforts to understand how wikis can be used to improve team performance. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effect of the quantity of wiki use on performance in wiki-based communities; however, only inconclusive results have been obtained. Our study focuses on the quality of wiki use in a team context. We develop a construct of wiki-induced cognitive elaboration, and explore its nomological network in the team context. Integrating the literatures on wiki and distributed cognition, we propose that wiki-induced cognitive elaboration influences team performance through knowledge integration among team members. We also identify its team-based antecedents, including task involvement, critical norm, task reflexivity, time pressure and process accountability, by drawing on the motivated information processing literature. The research model is empirically tested using multiple-source survey data collected from 46 wiki-based student project teams. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are also discussed. © (2011) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.",Critical norm | Knowledge integration | Process accountability | Task involvement | Task reflexivity | Time pressure | Wiki-induced cognitive elaboration,"International Conference on Information Systems 2011, ICIS 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, Yixiang;Fang, Yulin;He, Wei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855824424,10.1109/SSRR.2011.6106783,A survey of the use and documentation of architecture design rationale,"Evacuation simulation is an effective way for exercising an evacuation plan. Various situations that may arise can be examined by computer simulations. Studying a human behavior in evacuation simulation is important to avoid the negative effect that may occur. We propose an evacuation model: ""Evacuee's Dilemma"", inspired by Prisoner's Dilemma in Game Theory. This model aims to describe helping behavior among evacuees. Evacuees are facing a dilemma to choose cooperate behavior: helping others and escaping together; or defect behavior: rush to exit. The dilemma occurs because offering help to other evacuees requires a cost: sacrificing their own resources. Therefore, helping other evacuees might risk their own life. However, if an evacuee chooses not to help, then the abnormal evacuees might not be able to survive. Unless there are other evacuees who offer help to the abnormal evacuees. We introduce Averaged Systemic Payoff in the evacuee's decision making. Multi-Agent Simulations are conducted with various settings. Simulation results reveal an interesting collective behavior. Rational evacuees increase the cooperate behavior under an extreme short time availability to evacuate. Instead of mass panic, we observed that the collective behavior of cooperation emerged in an evacuation with a high time pressure. We found that Averaged Systemic Payoff is effective to control the cooperation among rational evacuees. We also studied the influences of Solidarity, Neighborhood Range, and time pressure to Averaged Systemic Payoff. This finding is useful to avoid the defect behavior in evacuation, which might emerge to panic stampede or any other dangerous crowd situation. © 2011 IEEE.",Averaged Systemic Payoff | Collective Behavior | Cooperation | Evacuation Simulation | Evacuee's Dilemma | Game Theory | Help Behavior | Solidarity | Time Pressure,"9th IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, SSRR 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Suryotrisongko, Hatma;Ishida, Yoshiteru",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896417958,10.1007/s007660200008,"Requirements engineering and technology transfer: obstacles, incentives and improvement agenda","Gender work segregation may be evidenced also in the different exposure of the two sexes to those working constraints which are considered more difficult with age, as the possibility to move from adverse work conditions to less demanding work plays un important role in the health related selection. Several studies carried out at European or national level, found a declining trend of physically demanding work in men, suggesting that men had more possibility to moving to less physically demanding jobs and that favourable differences between older and younger workers were more remarkable for older men than for older women as regards poor work postures and repetitive work. As to working under time pressure, this constraint had increased for both sexes, but the increase had been greatest among women. The high working rhythms are commonly associated with musculoskeletal pain, stress and poor perceived health. This study was mainly aimed at analysing gender differences in work-related health problems, focusing on relationships between the difficult in coping with work under time pressure with advancing age and some health complaints, such as musculoskeletal symptoms and self-reported health. A population of 1195 Italian workers employed in different productive sectors and divided into 5 age cohorts were interviewed regarding the difficulty, with age, of coping with high working rhythms. The relationships between working under time pressure and the presence of musculoskeletal complaints (back pain and multiple complaints) and poor health self-assessment were then explored. Female workers were more exposed to repetitive work with tight deadlines and to time pressure. Analyzing the occupational exposure by cohorts, a decreasing exposure frequency may be observed for men in the oldest cohorts, while the opposite was observed for women, who complained about these constraints as particularly difficult with ageing. Working under time pressure appeared to be the least tolerated constraint for women, who had a significantly higher Odds Ratio than men in all cohorts of age, with a greatest risk in the 52 years cohort. The high working rhythms were associated with poor health, both for musculoskeletal pain and perceived health, especially when the exposure resulted particularly difficult to bear with ageing, but in different ways for the two sexes. In women the interaction between repetitive work with high deadlines and musculoskeletal complaints, showed a statistically significantly association both for upper limbs and for multiple musculoskeletal symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed an increasing risk with age for women, while in men repetitive work with tight deadlines was associated with a poorly perceived health. When analyzing interactions between repetitive work with tight deadlines and poor health-assessment, a progressive increased risk was observed from the 42 to 52 year cohorts for men, and in the 47 year cohort for women. The possibility for men in avoiding the more demanding or difficult work can be hypothesized, such as more autonomy and control over their work situation, while for women it seems that the possibility of avoiding those working constraints which are especially poorly tolerated with ageing is less probable. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Economic Policies and Issues on a Global Scale,2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Barbini, Norma;Squadroni, Rosa;Sera, Francesco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84555204728,10.1504/IJART.2008.019882,Software engineering issues in interactive installation art,"The question of how consumers hunt for information when making choices has been raising curiosity of psychologists and marketing experts for a long time. Over sixty different determinants that affect the external information search were discussed. In this paper, we focus on the product characteristics, rather than consumer ones. More specifically, we focus on how the type of good (product or service) affects the information search. Goods are divided into utilitarian, used for their practicality, and hedonic goods, used for their pleasure value. For the purposes of this paper empirical study was conducted on a sample of 61 students. Respondents were given the task to simulate purchase decision making process for utilitarian good and hedonic good, during which they have recorded all encountered information sources. The results revealed that consumers who buy hedonic goods use the same number of information sources, regardless of time pressure. When they have more available time they devote more time but only to selected sources. They mostly use marketing-dominant sources. On the other hand, in case of utilitarian products, consumers use the same amount of time, regardless of time pressure, but are seeking information from more sources.",,Management,2011-12-01,Article,"Vlašić, Goran;Janković, Marko;Kramo-Čaluk, Amra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84892080536,10.1023/A:1011236117591,Software engineering with formal methods: The development of a storm surge barrier control system revisiting seven myths of formal methods,"In today's cluttered media environment, advertisers are constantly insearch for new ways to improve the strength and effectiveness of theiradvertisements. They are continuously competing for the limited attentionresources of consumers, declaring a so called ""war for eye balls"" (Schiessl et al., 2003). Contrary to the traditional, sequential formats ofadvertising, new technologies like Interactive Digital Television (IDTV)allow simultaneous exposure to media content and interactive advertisingcontent using on-screen placements, television banners (Cauberghe and De Pelsmacker, 2008) or split-screen advertising (Chowdhury et al.,2007). Therefore, it is important to understand which factors determineviewer attention in today's cluttered and increasingly complex mediaenvironment.In this study, viewers are simultaneously exposed to both aninteractive advertisement and a program context using IDTV technology.By doing so, they are forced to divide their attention between bothinformation sources. This may lead to cognitive interference andconsequently to less attention devoted to the advertisement. Using eyetracking, we study the role of program environment, more specificallyhow a thematically (in)congruent program affects both visual attention toan interactive ad and involvement with the ad message. Also, weinvestigate how congruence moderates the effect of cognitive loadresulting from time pressure, while interacting with the interactive ad.Results show that when viewers are simultaneously exposed to acongruent context (i.e. the program and the interactive advertisement arethematically congruent), they devote more visual attention to the ad andjump more between the ad and the program than when the ad is processedin an incongruent context. Viewers are hindered and distracted by the factthat the information in the ad merges with the program context, thereforeneeding more time to disentangle both. Processing the information in anincongruent context, on the other hand, is less interfering and thusrequires less time. Also, time pressure significantly reduces ad viewingtime in the congruent context, while it does not affect viewing time in theincongruent situation. Further, results show a higher involvement with thead message in the incongruent that in the congruent condition butincreasing time pressure, on the other hand, does not appear to affectmessage involvement. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,"Advertising: Types, Trends and Controversies",2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Panic, Katarina;Cauberghe, Verolien;De Pelsmacker, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81355123383,10.3758/s13423-011-0143-4,A survey of architecture design rationale,"We examined retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in recognition from a dual-process perspective, which suggests that recognition depends on the outputs of a fast familiarity process and a slower recollection process. In order to determine the locus of the RIF effect, we manipulated the availability of recollection at retrieval via response deadlines. The standard RIF effect was observed in a self-paced test but was absent in a speeded test, in which judgments presumably depended on familiarity more than recollection. The findings suggested that RIF specifically affects recollection. This may be consistent with a context-specific view of retrieval inhibition. © 2011 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",Memory | Recognition | Retrieval-induced forgetting,Psychonomic Bulletin and Review,2011-01-01,Article,"Verde, Michael F.;Perfect, Timothy J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052822973,10.1016/j.joep.2011.08.001,Software project management: the manager's view,"We experimentally investigate how proposers in the Ultimatum Game behave when their cognitive resources are constrained by time pressure and cognitive load. In a dual-system perspective, when proposers are cognitively constrained and thus their deliberative capacity is reduced, their offers are more likely to be influenced by spontaneous affective reactions. We find that under time pressure proposers make higher offers. This increase appears not to be explained by more reliance on an equality heuristic. Analysing the behaviour of the same individual in both roles leads us to favour the strategic over the other-regarding explanation for the observed increase in offers. In contrast, proposers who are under cognitive load do not behave differently from proposers who are not. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Cognitive load | Dual-system theories | Experimental economics | Time pressure | Ultimatum Game,Journal of Economic Psychology,2011-12-01,Article,"Cappelletti, Dominique;Güth, Werner;Ploner, Matteo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858853371,,Adoption of software engineering process innovations: The case of object orientation,"During the last years the duties and responsibilities of engineering units in the vehicle industry changed drastically. Time pressure, cost pressure and the complexity of products are constantly increasing. Furthermore, companies are working to a greater extent on an international basis. These reasons lead OEMs and suppliers to increase their cooperation and to undertake extensive efforts to optimize the processes in their supply chain. The research project aims at developing a workflow model which helps improving and accelerating the cooperation between clients and contractors in the product planning phase. Copyright © 2002-2012 The Design Society. All rights reserved.",Commercial vehicle industry | Integration of suppliers | Product development process | Requirements management,ICED 11 - 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - Impacting Society Through Engineering Design,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Stephan, Nicole Katharina;Schindler, Christian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053193044,,Reflections on software engineering education,"As both time pressure (e.g., Gershuny 2005) and survey nonresponse (e.g., Curtin et al. 2005) increase in Western societies one can wonder whether the busiest people still have time for survey participation. This article investigates the relationship between busyness claims, indicators of busyness and the decline in survey participation in Flemish surveys conducted between 2002 and 2007. Using paradata collected during fieldwork, we investigate whether busyness related doorstep reactions have increased over the years and whether there is an empirical relationship between these busyness claims and indicators of busyness.©Statistics Sweden.",Doorstep reactions | Paradata | Survey participation | Time pressure,Journal of Official Statistics,2011-12-01,Article,"Vercruyssen, Anina;van de Putte, Bart;Stoop, Ineke A.L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858019181,10.1109/WSC.2011.6147939,"Security No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure requirements engineering (SQUARE) methodology","Significant focus has been placed on the development of functionality in simulation software to aid the development of models. As such simulation is becoming an increasingly pervasive technology across major business sectors. This has been of great benefit to the simulation community increasing the number of projects undertaken that allow organizations to make better business decisions. However, it is also the case that users are increasingly under time pressure to produce results. In this environment there is pressure on users not to perform the multiple replications and multiple experiments that standard simulation practice would demand. This paper discusses the innovative solution being developed by Saker Solutions and the ICT Innovation Group at Brunel University to address this issue using a dedicated Grid Computing System (SakerGrid) to support the deployment of simulation models across a desktop grid of PCs. © 2011 IEEE.",,Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kite, Shane;Wood, Chris;Taylor, Simon J.E.;Mustafee, Navonil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859230714,,Successful software project and products: An empirical investigation,Technical Product Optimisation (TPO) is a second year course of the Bachelor of Industrial Design Engineering [1] at Delft University of Technology. The course has a DfA and a LCA practical exercise. The results of both exercises were poor on content and enthusiasm. Two important aspects play a role in it: the time pressure and same tasks for both exercises. The integrating DfA with LCA is necessary for better results and has a side effect that the students come from passive to active involvement. The integrated exercise was carried out in groups of four students. The student groups are doing tasks together and also a reasonable time separated in two couples of two. The student groups get a consumer product to make the DfA and LCA analysis for making a redesign. The experiment was an overwhelming success. The quality of reporting was high. Active student involvement in the exercise leads to creative solutions. A key aim of technical education is motivating students through interesting and engaging tasks. Moreover the objective is also to ensure that doing alone is not emphasized but writing on reflective note on the experience.,Design education | DFA | LCA | Optimization,"DS 69: Proceedings of E and PDE 2011, the 13th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lau, Langeveld",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861020079,10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00047-X,A new accident model for engineering safer systems,"In housing projects a lot of time is spent for rework, entailing the risk of additional costs, time and deficient quality. As much as 50% or more of rework is originated in faulty output from the design phase. Activities within this phase are strongly interrelated and are carried out by several design consultants. Once the sequence of work in an ongoing project is interrupted the risk for loosing control is high. This results in, e.g., poor coordination of project participants, necessary changes in schedules, possible time pressure and about all a higher risk for making errors. The goal with this study is to reduce the risk of work sequence interruptions in the design phase of housing projects, or in terms of Lean, to make activities in the design phase flow. A timber housing multi dwelling building project in Sweden has been mapped in detail. In total 212 activities have been observed and recorded, spanning from the sales to the erection phase. Iterations (rework) have been identified by using process mining techniques in combination with supplemental interviews. A map of the complete design process consisting of 112 activities (exclusive of iteration) has been derived. A measurement model to detect process regions with a high share of iteration has been proposed that, together with the process map, serves as a starting point for further process optimisation. The efficiency of an activity is assessed by comparing the working hours, ignoring the time used for negative iteration (waste), with the working hours actually used to execute this activity. A Pareto-analysis of the occurring iteration with negative impact on quality then provides an indication of a suitable order for process optimisation.",Design phase | Efficiency | Measurement | Modelling | Standardisation,"Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2011 - Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Haller, Martin;Stehn, Lars",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856701986,10.1784/insi.2011.53.12.673,"Software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure and agile methods","The human factors approach relies on understanding the properties of human capability and limitations under various conditions and the application of that knowledge in designing and developing safe systems. Following the principles of the MTO (Man Technology Organisation) approach, emphasis should be given to the way people interact with technical as well as organisational systems. A model describing human factor influences in relation to the performance shaping factors and their effect on manual ultrasonic inspection performance had been built and a part of it empirically tested. The experimental task involved repeated inspection of 18 defects according to the standard procedure under no, middle and high time pressure. Stress coping strategies, the mental workload of the task, stress reaction and organisational factors have been measured. The results have shown that time pressure, mental workload and experience influence the quality of the inspection performance. Organisational factors and their influence on the inspection results were rated as important by the operators. However, further research is necessary into the effects of stress.",,Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2011-12-01,Article,"Bertovic, M.;Gaal, M.;Müller, C.;Fahlbruch, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80755181224,10.1057/jors.2011.11,Facts and fallacies of software engineering,"In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the information presentation format and project control. Furthermore, the effects of some system conditions, namely the number of projects to be controlled and the level of time pressure, on the quality of the project control decisions are analyzed. Information provided by Earned Value Analysis is used to monitor and control projects, and simulation is applied to replicate and model the uncertain project environments. Software is developed to generate random cost figures, to present the data in different visual forms and to collect users responses. Having performed the experiments, the statistical significance of the results is tested. © 2011 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",earned value analysis | project control | project management | simulation,Journal of the Operational Research Society,2011-01-01,Article,"Hazr, Ö;Shtub, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85163033118,10.30630/joiv.7.2.1816,Computer-aided software development process design,"Extant literature has shown that sectoral characteristics play a critical role in business value creation through information technology (IT). Therefore, managing IT and its associated risks needs to consider specific industrial traits to understand the distinct business nature and regulations that shape IT-enabled business value creation. This study presents an in-depth analysis of business goals, IT processes, and IT risks in the case of a pharmaceutical company through which appropriate controls are designed to ensure business value creation through IT. Drawing on a case study of a pharmaceutical company in Indonesia, we found that managing IT risks in the pharmaceutical industry entails two main objectives: 1) ensuring compliance with external laws and regulations as well as internal policies, 2) supporting the optimization of business functions, processes, and costs. Throughout one year of engagement during the project, this study identified ten risks associated with the operation of business processes. Risks are dominated by moderate levels given the current state of controls and appetite, most of which emerge from the company’s existing internal processes. Internal actors are involved in all risks, with most events occurring due to laws and regulations. Further, the study designs and elaborates IT risk controls by drawing from COBIT 5 Seven Enablers. Overall, IT risk management through cascading processes of analysis ensures the alignment of IT risk controls with achieving business goals in the pharmaceutical industry.",business value creation | business-IT alignment | Information technology risks | pharmaceutical industry,International Journal on Informatics Visualization,2023-01-01,Article,"Ramadani, Luthfi;Izzati, Berlian Maulidya;Tarigan, Yosephine Mayagita;Rosanicha, ",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863066898,10.1109/IEEM.2011.6118004,Applications of computer-aided software engineering tools: survey of current and prospective users,"Under the recent global worldwide economic crisis, small business enterprises (SBEs) are considered to be a major force behind the South Africa's economy. Regarding the strategy of quality management, probably the most serious constraint of SBEs is that the management is often constantly under time pressure, usually dealing with the urgent staff and operational matters. Quality management does not form the strategic basis of SBEs, which impacts on their sustainability as business enterprises. Thus, an effective quality management strategy is crucial to the sustainability of SBEs. This study proposed a quality strategy model by applying Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle for SBEs. A quantitative research paradigm was applied in the research. Cronbach's Alpha was utilised to test the reliability of each component of the model. The study results indicate that the proposed quality strategies can be implemented effectively by SBEs to ensure their sustainability. © 2011 IEEE.",PDSA | quality management | quality strategy | SBEs | South Africa | sustainability,IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yan, B.;Zhang, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856466158,10.1109/ETFA.2009.5347133,Towards hierarchical scheduling in AUTOSAR,"The aim of this research is to test weather the perception of time availability different from the actual task time might modify the task's outcome. 92 students of Sixth Grade, randomized in 4 different groups were tested with the PMA spatial scale for a period. Although each group indeed had 5 minutes to respond, they were informed that the available time was: 3 minutes; 5 minutes; 7 minutes; and no time limit, respectively. Results show that the perception of a slightly larger availability of time improves significantly the performance, being the errors notably lesser than those in the other groups. Such results support some lines of evaluation processes enhancement, both academic and psychometric. © UPV/EHU.",Evaluation | Perception | Performance | Time availability | Time pressure,Revista de Psicodidactica,2011-12-01,Article,"Cladellas, Ramon;Castelló, Antoni",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865745272,10.21437/interspeech.2011-403,Evaluation of a game to teach requirements collection and analysis in software engineering at tertiary education level,"A preliminary study on modelling tonal variation as a function of duration is carried out. An experimentally controlled acoustic database was utilized to construct functional linear models. In the construction of the linear models, duration was used as independent variable in predicting the shape of disyllabic pitch contours in Taiwan Mandarin, given the target tone sequences. Results showed that by moving duration values from short to long, tonal curve shapes of disyllables ranging from non-reduced to reduced were approximated with an adequate goodness-of-fit (usually below one semitone RMSE). This study provides a novel approach to examine the relation between duration and F0 realisation of small units such as disyllables and also supports the time pressure account of phonetic reduction in general. Copyright © 2011 ISCA.",Duration | Functional Data Analysis (FDA) | Functional linear models | Taiwan Mandarin | Tonal reduction,"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH",2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Chierh;Gubian, Michele",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870181670,10.1145/366413.364614,In support of student pair-programming,"Leading healthcare organizations are recognizing the need to incorporate the power of a decision efficiency approach driven by intelligent solutions. The primary drivers for this include the time pressures faced by healthcare professionals coupled with the need to process voluminous and growing amounts of disparate data and information in shorter and shorter time frames and yet make accurate and suitable treatment decisions which have a critical impact on successful healthcare outcomes. This research contends that such a context is appropriate for the application of real time intelligent risk detection decision support systems using Business Intelligence (BI) technologies. The following thus proposes such a model in the context of the case of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), an area which requires complex high risk decisions which need to be made expeditiously and accurately in order to ensure successful healthcare outcomes.",Business Intelligence (BI) | Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) | Decision support | Healthcare | Intelligence continuum (IC) | Risk detection,"17th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2011, AMCIS 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Moghimi, Fatemeh Hoda;Zadeh, Hossein Seif;Cheung, Michael;Wickramasinghe, Nilmini",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80455129266,10.1002/bdm.704,The role of ethnography in interactive systems design,"Four experiments were conducted to explore the robustness of risky choice framing among military decision makers. In the first experiment the original version of the Asian disease problem was administered. In contrast to Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) original findings, military decision makers were not influenced by the gain and loss framing. They demonstrated risk-seeking behavior in both domains. In the second experiment, we administered a military version of the Asian disease problem. We found a significant framing effect, but it was unidirectional: The decision makers were risk seeking in both domains, but significantly more risk seeking in the loss domain. To explore the strength of this risk-seeking preference, we altered the problem in a third experiment, making the risky alternative 12.5% less attractive than the certain one. Again, we found risk-seeking behavior in both domains. Finally, we explored reasons for these deviations from prospect theory by comparing the responses of business students and military officers. In this analysis, we observed significantly higher levels of self-efficacy in the military sample, as compared to the civil sample, and that the self-efficacy influenced risk seeking only in the military sample. In a post hoc analysis we also found that years of education reduced risk-seeking preference. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Asian disease problem | Behavioral decision making | Military | Risky choice framing | Self-efficacy | Time pressure,Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2011-12-01,Article,"Haerem, Thorvald;Kuvaas, Bård;Bakken, Bjørn T.;Karlsen, Tone",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85148569040,10.1080/23779497.2022.2102527,"Software engineering education in the era of outsourcing, distributed development, and open source software: challenges and opportunities","Biotechnology is gaining priority along with other rapidly evolving disciplines in science and engineering due to its potential for innovating the modern military. The broad nature of biotechnology is directly relevant to the military and defence sector where the applications span clinical diagnostics, medical countermeasures and therapeutics, to environmental remediation and biofuels for energy. Although the process for a commercial biotech research and development (R&D) pipeline and the Department of Defence (DOD) acquisition cycle both aim to result in products, they follow two distinctly different pathways. In the biotech industry, the pipeline progresses from basic to applied science that includes design and R&D, commercialisation and product launch, where market forces and financial returns on investment drive priorities. Along the way, the scientific and iterative nature of R&D often results in several candidates for a given assay, drug, therapeutic or vaccine, many of which are unsuccessful or wind up in the so-called valley of death. The DOD acquisition process is a multi-phase and often multi-decade cradle-to-grave product lifecycle engrained in mission requirements, warfighter needs and creating legacy programmes of record. The biotech industry is composed of many small R&D and ‘big pharma’ companies that meet DOD’s unique medical mission requirements. These small R&D companies considered that non-traditional DOD acquisition partners are developing new innovations in biotechnology, but the complex DOD acquisition process is challenging for these small start-ups to navigate. Technology solutions that gain support through DOD acquisitions are able to successfully develop their products and bridge the valley of death by obtaining much needed funding for advanced development, test and evaluation, and demonstration through clinical trials. Our analysis profiles three case histories involving private-public partnerships that yielded biotech products developed through the DOD acquisition cycle that continues to meet current and future medical mission requirements.",Acquisition | biodefense | biotechnology | defence | product development | research and development,"Global Security - Health, Science and Policy",2022-01-01,Article,"Yeh, Kenneth B.;Du, Eric;Olinger, Gene;Boston, Donna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81855226181,10.1177/1071181311551195,Software engineering with reusable components,"This study illustrates how social-cognitive biases affects the decision making process of airline luggage screeners. Participants (n = 96) performed a computer simulated task to detect hidden weapons in 200 x-ray images of passenger luggage. Participants saw each image for two (high time pressure) or six seconds (low time pressure). In addition, participants observed pictures of the ""passenger"" (representing five races and both genders) who owned the luggage. The ""pre-anchor group"" answered questions about the passenger before the luggage image appeared, the ""post-anchor"" group answered questions after the luggage appeared, and the ""no-anchor group"" answered no questions. Results revealed that participants under high time pressure had lower hit rates and higher false alarms than those under low time pressure. Significant interactions between passenger gender and race were found for the no-anchor group; there were no significant effects within the pre- and post anchor groups. Finally, participants had higher false alarm rates in response to male than female passengers. Copyright 2011 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2011-11-28,Conference Paper,"Brown, Jeremy;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81855193722,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0309-11.2011,A framework for creating hybrid‐open source software communities,"Even in the simplest laboratory tasks older adults generally take more time to respond than young adults. One of the reasons for this age-related slowing is that older adults are reluctant to commit errors, a cautious attitude that prompts them to accumulate more information before making a decision (Rabbitt, 1979). This suggests that age-related slowingmaybe partly due to unwillingness on behalf of elderly participants to adopt a fast-but-careless setting when asked. We investigate the neuroanatomical and neurocognitive basis of age-related slowing in a perceptual decision-making task where cues instructed young and old participants to respond either quickly or accurately. Mathematical modeling of the behavioral data confirmed that cueing for speed encouraged participants to set low response thresholds, but this was more evident in younger than older participants. Diffusion weighted structural images suggest that the more cautious threshold settings of older participants may be due to a reduction of white matter integrity in corticostriatal tracts that connect the pre-SMA to the striatum. These results are consistent with the striatal account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff according to which an increased emphasis on response speed increases the cortical input to the striatum, resulting in global disinhibition of the cortex. Our findings suggest that the unwillingness of older adults to adopt fast speed-accuracy tradeoff settings may not just reflect a strategic choice that is entirely under voluntary control, but that it may also reflect structural limitations: age-related decrements in brain connectivity. © 2011 the authors.",,Journal of Neuroscience,2011-11-23,Article,"Forstmann, Birte U.;Tittgemeyer, Marc;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Derrfuss, Jan;Imperati, Davide;Brown, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255143791,10.1109/ICGSE.2011.32,The effect of an initial budget and schedule goal on software project escalation,"In the era of globally distributed software engineering, the practice of outsourced, off shored software testing (OOST) has witnessed increasing adoption. Although there have been ethnographic studies of the development aspects of global software engineering and of the in-house practice of testing, there have been fewer studies of OOST, which to succeed, can require dealing with unique challenges. To address this limitation of the existing studies, we conducted - and, in this paper, report the findings of - an ethnographically- informed study of three vendor testing teams involved in OOST practice. Specifically, we studied how test engineers perform their tasks under deadline pressures, the challenges that they encounter, and their strategies for coping with the challenges. Our study provides insights into the differences and similarities between in-house testing and OOST, the influence of team structures on the degree of pressure experienced by test engineers in the OOST setup, and the factors that influence quality and productivity under OOST. © 2011 IEEE.",Ethnography | field study | human factors | qualitative study | software testing,"Proceedings - 2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, ICGSE 2011",2011-11-21,Conference Paper,"Shah, Hina;Sinha, Saurabh;Harrold, Mary Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81055148064,10.1109/ICMA.2011.5985693,Experiments with industry's “pair-programming” model in the computer science classroom,"We propose an application of human-like decision-making to robotic motion learning. Human is known to have illogical symmetric cognitive biases that induce ""if p then q"" and ""if not q then not p"" from ""if q then p."" The loosely symmetric Shinohara model quantitatively represents the tendencies (Shinohara et al. 2007). Previous studies one of the authors have revealed that an agent with the model used as the action value function shows great performance in n-armed bandit problems, because of the illogical biases. In this study, we apply the model to reinforcement learning with Q-learning algorithm. Testing the model on a simulated giant-swing robot, we have confirmed its efficacy in convergence speed increase and avoidance of local optimum. © 2011 IEEE.",Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma | Giant-Swing Motion | non-Markov Property | Reinforcement Learning | Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff,"2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, ICMA 2011",2011-11-17,Conference Paper,"Uragami, Daisuke;Takahashi, Tatsuji;Alsubeheen, Hisham;Sekiguchi, Akinori;Matsuo, Yoshiki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001795731,10.1016/0030-5073(72)90045-1,Time series of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (2001–2004) and preliminary inorganic carbon budget in the Scheldt plume (Belgian coastal waters),"Time pressure experienced by scientists and engineers predicted positively to several aspects of performance including usefulness, innovation, and productivity. Higher time pressure was associated with above average performance during the following five years, even when supervisory status, education, and seniority were controlled. Performance, however, did not predict well to subsequent reports of time pressure, suggesting a possible causal relationship from pressure to performance. High performing scientists also desired more pressure. Innovation and productivity (but not usefulness) were low if the pressure experienced was markedly above that desired. The five-year panel data derived from approximately. 100 scientists in a NASA laboratory. Some theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. © 1972.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1972-01-01,Article,"Andrews, Frank M.;Farris, George F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053953448,10.1007/s00265-011-1215-1,The dynamics of project performance: benchmarking the drivers of cost and schedule overrun,"Speed-accuracy tradeoffs are a common feature of decision-making processes, both in individual animals and in groups of animals working together to reach a single collective decision. Individual organisms display consistent differences in their ""impulsivity,"" and vary in their tendency to make rapid, impulsive choices as opposed to slower, more accurate decisions. However, we do not yet know whether groups of animals consistently differ in their tendency to prioritize decision speed over accuracy. We challenged 17 swarms of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to simultaneously choose a new nest site in each of three locations, and measured their decision speeds in each trial. We found that swarms displayed consistent personality differences in the number of waggle dances and shaking signals they performed and in how actively they scouted for new nest sites. However, swarms did not consistently differ in how long they took to choose a nest site. We suggest that house-hunting A. mellifera swarms may place an especially high emphasis on decision accuracy when choosing a nest site, and that chance events-such as the time when each swarm discovers a sufficiently high-quality nest site-may consequently play a greater role in determining a swarm's decision speed than intrinsic characteristics such as a swarm's ""impulsivity."" © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",Apis mellifera | Collective decision-making | Honey bees | Nest-site selection | Personality differences | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Swarm cognition,Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,2011-11-01,Article,"Wray, Margaret K.;Seeley, Thomas D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249116873,10.2307/248881,The future of empirical methods in software engineering research,"A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the influence of color and information presentation differences on user perceptions and decision making under varying time constraints. Three different information presentations were evaluated: tabular, graphical, and combined tabular-graphical. Tabular reports led to better decision making and graphical reports led to faster decision making when time constraints were low. The combined report, which integrated the advantages associated with both tabular and graphical presentation, was the superior report format In terms of performance and was rated very highly by decision makers. Color led to improvements in decision making; this was especially pronounced when high time constraints were present.",Graphic presentation | Information system design | User-machine systems,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1986-01-01,Article,"Benbasat, Izak;Dexter, Albert S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002416437,10.1016/0001-6918(81)90001-9,"Software reliability engineering: more reliable software, faster and cheaper","Thirty six subjects chose individually between pairs of gambles under three time pressure conditions: High (8 seconds), Medium (16 seconds) and Low (32 seconds). The gambles in each pair were equated for expected value but differed in variance, amounts to win and lose and their respective probabilities. Information about each dimension could be obtained by the subject sequentially according to his preference. The results show that subjects are less risky under High as compared to Medium and Low time pressure, risk taking being measured by choices of gambles with lower variance or lower amounts to lose and win. Subjects tended to spend more time observing the negative dimensions (amount to lose and probability of losing), whereas under low time pressure they preffered observing their positive counterparts. Information preference was found to be related to choices. Filtration of information and acceleration of its processing appear to be the strategies of coping with time pressure. © 1981.",,Acta Psychologica,1981-01-01,Article,"Ben Zur, Hasida;Breznitz, Shlomo J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051795825,10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.004,Fuzzy systems and neural networks in software engineering project management,"This functional neuroimaging (fMRI) study examined the neural networks (spatial patterns of covarying neural activity) associated with the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) in younger adults. The response signal method was used to systematically increase probe duration (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000. ms) in a nonverbal delayed-item recognition task. A covariance-based multivariate approach identified three networks that varied with probe duration-indicating that the SAT is driven by three distributed neural networks. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Functional neuroimaging | Neural networks | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Behavioural Brain Research,2011-10-31,Article,"Blumen, Helena M.;Gazes, Yunglin;Habeck, Christian;Kumar, Arjun;Steffener, Jason;Rakitin, Brian C.;Stern, Yaakov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84935556266,10.1177/0022002786030004003,A maturity model for the implementation of software process improvement: an empirical study,"A laboratory experiment examined the effects of time pressure on the process and outcome of integrative bargaining. Time pressure was operationalized in terms of the amount of time available to negotiate. As hypothesized, high time pressure produced nonagreements and poor negotiation outcomes only when negotiators adopted an individualistic orientation; when negotiators adopted a cooperative orientation, they achieved high outcomes regardless of time pressure. In combination with an individualistic orientation, time pressure produced greater competitiveness, firm negotiator aspirations, and reduced information exchange. In combination with a cooperative orientation, time pressure produced greater cooperativeness and lower negotiator aspirations. The main findings were seen as consistent with Pruitt's strategic-choice model of negotiation. © 1986, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Conflict Resolution,1986-01-01,Article,"Carnevale, Peter J.d.;Lawler, Edward J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053360586,10.1007/978-3-540-45143-3_7,Practical experiences in the design and conduct of surveys in empirical software engineering,"In this study, we compared some fundamental characteristics of online Delphi (OL) and real-time Delphi (RT). We established a set of variables thru literature review; a platform was built to gather data with the involvement of dozens of testers. The findings of this study are including: (1) the time of use for RT is significant but the time pressure in RT survey made testers overwhelmed to manage progress of the exercise, therefore, some automatic functions are identified and suggested; (2) the RT can not only reduce time and costs needed for OL, but also can obviously increase the level of consensus in general; (3) the RT assisted in increasing convergence and consensus among testers. Furthermore, we proposed that the RT could have some potential applications which are leading to further studies. © 2011 IEEE.",,"PICMET: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Proceedings",2011-10-05,Conference Paper,"Hsieh, Chih Hung;Tzeng, Fang Mei;Wu, Chorng Guang;Kao, Jen Shan;Lai, Yun Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052023952,10.1016/j.jml.2011.05.002,Software reliability models with time-dependent hazard function based on Bayesian approach,"The role of interference as a primary determinant of forgetting in memory has long been accepted, however its role as a contributor to poor comprehension is just beginning to be understood. The current paper reports two studies, in which speed-accuracy tradeoff and eye-tracking methodologies were used with the same materials to provide converging evidence for the role of syntactic and semantic cues as mediators of both proactive (PI) and retroactive interference (RI) during comprehension. Consistent with previous work (e.g., Van Dyke & Lewis, 2003), we found that syntactic constraints at the retrieval site are among the cues that drive retrieval in comprehension, and that these constraints effectively limit interference from potential distractors with semantic/pragmatic properties in common with the target constituent. The data are discussed in terms of a cue-overload account, in which interference both arises from and is mediated through a direct-access retrieval mechanism that utilizes a linear, weighted cue-combinatoric scheme. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Comprehension | Retrieval interference | Sentence processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Memory and Language,2011-10-01,Article,"Van Dyke, Julie A.;McElree, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249099872,10.2307/248853,Creating a software engineering culture,"There is very little empirical research available on the effectiveness of decision support systems applied to decision-making groups operating in face-to-face meetings. In order to expand research in this area, a laboratory study was undertaken to examine the effects of group decision support systems (GDSS) technology on group decision quality and individual perceptions within a problem-finding context. A crisis management task served as the decision-making context. Two versions of the experimental task, one higher In difficulty and the other lower in difficulty, were administered to GDSS-supported and nonsupported decision-making groups, yielding a 2 X 2 factorial design. Decision quality was significantly better in those groups that received GDSS support. The GDSS was particularly helpful in the groups receiving the task of higher difficulty. Members' decision confidence and satisfaction with the decision process were, however, lower in the GDSS-supported groups than in the nonsupported groups. These findings expand knowledge of the applicability of GDSS for decision-making tasks and suggest that dissatisfaction may be a stumbling block in user acceptance of these systems.",Decision support | Group decision support systems | Problem solving,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Gallupe, R. Brent;Desanctis, Gerardine;Dickson, Gary W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000221243,10.2307/249456,Assessing project management maturity,"Over the past 35 years, information technology has permeated every business activity. This growing use of information technology promised an unprecedented increase in end-user productivity. Yet this promise is unfulfilled, due primarily to a lack of understanding of end-user behavior. End-user productivity is tied directly to functionality and ease of learning and use. Furthermore, system designers lack the necessary guidance and tools to apply effectively what is known about human-computer interaction (HCI) during systems design. Software developers need to expand their focus beyond functional requirements to include the behavioral needs of users. Only when system functions fit actual work and the system is easy to learn and use will the system be adopted by office workers and business professionals. The large, interdisciplinary body of research literature suggest HCI's importance as well as its complexity. This article is the product of an extensive effort to integrate the diverse body of HCI literature into a comprehensible framework that provides guidance to system designers. HCI design is divided into three major divisions: system model, action language, and presentation language. The system model is a conceptual depiction of system objects and functions. The basic premise is that the selection of a good system model provides direction for designing action and presentation languages that determine the system's look and feel. Major design recommendations in each division are identified along with current research trends and future research issues.",Action language | Human factors | Presentation language | System model | User mental model | User-computer interface,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1991-01-01,Article,"Gerlach, James H.;Kuo, Feng Yang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986412087,10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02605.x,"Software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure and the capability maturity model","One hundred and forty college students, in either (a) 2‐minute time‐limit or (b) a no‐time‐limit condition, voted their conscience on actual pending legislation in their state in a test of hypothesis that such time limits in the voting booth created a stimulus overload situation. Such a situation was expected to result in dysfunctional adaptation responses, with unintended effects on voting patterns. Results indicated that subjects in the time stress condition voted significantly more conservatively on these issues. This conservative shift is interpreted as a function of overload, with serious political implications for urban planners, whose response to increasing population density often has been to increase the tempo by which citizens are processed through the cities’institutional and social services. Copyright © 1974, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",,Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1974-01-01,Article,"Hansson, Robert O.;Keating, John P.;Terry, Carmen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001388217,10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.212,Software product lines in action: the best industrial practice in product line engineering,"The purpose of this article is to examine the role of goal commitment in goal-setting research. Despite Locke's (1968) specification that commitment to goals is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of goal setting, a majority of studies in this area have ignored goal commitment. In addition, results of studies that have examined the effects of goal commitment were typically inconsistent with conceptualization of commitment as a moderator. Building on past research, we have developed a model of the goal commitment process and then used it to reinterpret past goal-setting research. We show that the widely varying sizes of the effect of goal difficulty, conditional effects of goal difficulty, and inconsistent results with variables such as participation can largely be traced to main and interactive effects of the variables specified by the model. © 1987 American Psychological Association.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1987-01-01,Article,"Hollenbeck, John R.;Klein, Howard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053021750,10.1109/SSIRI-C.2011.27,Software design for real-time systems,"Model based testing techniques are a breakthrough in the modern software development. The integration of state-of-the- art tools to automatically generate and evaluate tests from a model of the software product allows reducing the effort of testing activities while maintaining quality. A major problem for model based techniques is however the effort and the timing for the model specification. In practice, modeling for test case generation will often happen during the test phase instead of the design phase, implying that there is a high time pressure within the modeling process. Model views can help to reduce the effort spent for the modeling. In our work, we will present an useful approach to views for timed testing models, thus reducing the complexity of the modeling process. © 2011 IEEE.",Embedded systems | Modelbased testing | Timed testing,"2011 5th International Conference on Secure Software Integration and Reliability Improvement - Companion, SSIRI-C 2011",2011-09-26,Conference Paper,"Mitsching, Ralf;Weise, Carsten;Franke, Dominik;Gerlitz, Thomas;Kowalewski, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052366162,10.1007/978-3-642-23324-1_88,Agile human-centered software engineering,"In the increasing requirements of quick responses to the market, for the market competition became more fiercely and the customers' diversified needs of product increased. Enterprises realized the importance of collaboration between suppliers and partners, especially for saving response time to order. More and more enterprises feel the time pressure during the process of customer's need when they should satisfy customer's individual demands. Lowering down the logistics time means lowering logistics cost, especially the stock cost. Thus the market competition ability of business enterprises could be raised. While RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) techniques could reduce the dealing time on supply chain. How to use RFID techniques to decline inventory and waste is a tough issue. This article targeted on collaboration of supply chain in clothing industry for research object, a valid method for modeling of real-time supply chain collaboration was proposed. RFID technology was applied in stock management, as optimization method was adopted for inventory control based collaboration. A collaboration model was build to decline time, cost and waste. Finally, the application method was verified according emulation. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Collaboration | Optimization | Real-Time Supply Chain | RFID,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2011-09-08,Conference Paper,"Tao, Yi;Wu, Youbo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052392955,10.1007/s13394-011-0019-y,A study of effective regression testing in practice,"This paper examines the anecdotal claim of ""Not enough time"" made by teachers when expressing their struggle to cover a stipulated syllabus. The study focuses on the actual experiences of a teacher teaching mathematics to a Year 7 class in Singapore according to a designated time schedule. The demands of fulfilling multiple instructional goals within a limited time frame gave rise to numerous junctures where time pressure was felt. The interactions between ongoing time consciousness and instructional decisions will be discussed. An examination of the role played by instructional goals sheds light on the nature and causes of time pressure situations. © 2011 Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, Inc.",Geometry teaching | Instructional goals | Problems of teaching | Time pressure,Mathematics Education Research Journal,2011-09-01,Article,"Leong, Yew Hoong;Chick, Helen L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958202385,10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.002,The role of ethnography in interactive systems design,"Due to the innate complexity of the task drivers have to manage multiple goals while driving and the importance of certain goals may vary over time leading to priority being given to different goals depending on the circumstances. This study aimed to investigate drivers' behavioral regulation while managing multiple goals during driving. To do so participants drove on urban and rural roads in a driving simulator while trying to manage fuel saving and time saving goals, besides the safety goals that are always present during driving. A between-subjects design was used with one group of drivers managing two goals (safety and fuel saving) and another group managing three goals (safety, fuel saving, and time saving) while driving. Participants were provided continuous feedback on the fuel saving goal via a meter on the dashboard. The results indicate that even when a fuel saving or time saving goal is salient, safety goals are still given highest priority when interactions with other road users take place and when interacting with a traffic light. Additionally, performance on the fuel saving goal diminished for the group that had to manage fuel saving and time saving together. The theoretical implications for a goal hierarchy in driving tasks and practical implications for eco-driving are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Behavioral regulation | Eco-driving | Goal management | Safety | Time pressure,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2011-09-01,Article,"Dogan, Ebru;Steg, Linda;Delhomme, Patricia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001456685,10.1016/0030-5073(79)90032-1,Moving out from the control room: ethnography in system design,"The hypothesis that choice strategy is contingent upon task complexity was subjected to further testing using protocol analysis in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design laboratory study involving 40 subjects. As the number of alternatives increased, subjects switched from a one-stage, compensatory strategy to a multistage strategy involving first a noncompensatory screening stage followed by a compensatory evaluation of remaining alternatives. As the number of attributes per alternative increased, subjects differentially weighted the available information to simplify further the choice task. And as the complexity of the attributes increased, subjects tended to adopt a choice strategy with a screening strategy consisting of two separate stages. These findings were corroborated by separate analysis of quantitative measures of extent of processing and by separate analysis of latency measures. This study provides further support for the contingent processing hypothesis and for the attribute complexity hypothesis, and it increases our confidence in the use of protocol analysis as a viable process tracing technique. © 1979.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1979-01-01,Article,"Olshavsky, Richard W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001101354,10.1016/0030-5073(76)90022-2,How did software get so reliable without proof?,"Two process tracing techniques, explicit information search and verbal protocols, were used to examine the information processing strategies subjects use in reaching a decision. Subjects indicated preferences among apartments. The number of alternatives available and number of dimensions of information available was varied across sets of apartments. When faced with a two alternative situation, the subjects employed search strategies consistent with a compensatory decision process. In contrast, when faced with a more complex (multialternative) decision task, the subjects employed decision strategies designed to eliminate some of the available alternatives as quickly as possible and on the basis of a limited amount of information search and evaluation. The results demonstrate that the information processing leading to choice will vary as a function of task complexity. An integration of research in decision behavior with the methodology and theory of more established areas of cognitive psychology, such as human problem solving, is advocated. © 1976.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1976-01-01,Article,"Payne, John W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960353147,10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00882.x,The new competitors: they think in terms of 'speed-to-market',"Persuasion has been extensively researched for decades. Much of this research has focused on different message tactics and their effects on persuasion (e.g., Chang & Chou, 2008; Lafferty, 1999). This research aims to assess whether the persuasion of a specific type of message is influenced by need for cognition (NFC) and time pressure. The 336 undergraduates participated in a 2 (message sidedness: one-sided/two-sided)×3 (time pressure: low/moderate/high) between-subjects design. Results indicate that two-sided messages tend to elicit more favorable ad attitudes than one-sided messages. As compared with low-NFC individuals, high-NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. Moderate time pressure tends to lead to more favorable ad attitudes than low time pressure and high time pressure. In addition, moderate time pressure is likely to elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than high time pressure, but does not elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than low time pressure. Furthermore, when high-NFC individuals are under low or moderate time pressure, two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages; however, message sidedness does not differentially affect the persuasion when high-NFC individuals are pressed for time. In contrast, one-sided messages are more persuasive than two-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under low or high time pressure, and two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under moderate time pressure. © 2011 The Author. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology © 2011 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.",Message sidedness | Need for cognition (NFC) | Persuasion | Time pressure,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2011-08-01,Article,"Kao, Danny Tengti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018081364,10.3758/BF03198244,Presenting ethnography in the requirements process,"The monitoring of information acquisition behavior, along with other process tracing measures such as response times, was used to examine how individuals process information about gambles into a decision. Subjects indicated preferences among specially constructed three-outcome gambles. The number of alternatives available was varied across the sets of gambles. A majority of the subjects processed information about the gambles in ways inconsistent with compensatory models of risky decision making, such as information integration (Anderson & Shanteau, 1970). Furthermore, the inconsistency between observed information acquisition behavior and such compensatory rules increased as the choice task became more complex. Alternative explanations of risky choice behavior are considered. © 1978 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Memory & Cognition,1978-09-01,Article,"Payne, John W.;Braunstein, Myron L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051774405,10.1080/20445911.2011.550569,An ethnographic study of engineering design teams at Rolls-Royce Aerospace,"Adaptive mechanisms to protect cognitive performance under stressors through compensation in energy investment have previously received much research attention. However, stressors have also often been found to substantially reduce both performance and investment. The mechanisms underlying this dual negative effect are still unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that stressors can immediately hamper performance, which in turn reduces energy investment in later phases. In an experiment (N=103), we compared control and stressor conditions (noise or time pressure), investigating the effects of stressors on performance and information-sampling investment (as behavioural measure of energy investment) in two phases of a judgement task. The results showed an instant negative effect of stressors on performance and a delayed negative effect on information-sampling investment. Furthermore, impaired initial performance predicted the decline in investment over time. Finally, the effects of stressors on investment decline were partially mediated through initial performance level. The present findings contribute to theories aiming to explain the relationship between hampered performance and motivational losses. © 2011 Psychology Press.",Investment | Judgement | Noise | Performance | Stressors | Time pressure,Journal of Cognitive Psychology,2011-08-01,Article,"Roets, Arne;Van Hiel, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986685602,10.1002/job.4030050406,Agile methods and visual specification in software development: a chance to ensure universal access,,,Journal of Organizational Behavior,1984-01-01,Article,"Peters, Lawrence H.;O'Connor, Edward J.;Pooyan, Abdullah;Quick, James C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960301537,10.1007/978-1-4419-9794-4_30,Net-working for a living: Irish software developers in the global workplace,"Time-dependent material functions of engineering plastics within the exploitation range of temperatures extend over several decades of time. For this reason material characterization is carried out at different temperatures and/or pressures within a certain experimental window, which for practical reasons extends typically over four decades of time. For example, when relaxation experiments in shear, are performed at different constant temperatures and/or pressures, a set of segments is obtained. Using the time-temperature and/or time-pressure superposition principle, these segments can be shifted along the logarithmic time-scale to obtain a master curve at a selected reference conditions. This shifting is commonly performed manually (""by hand""), and requires some experience. Unfortunately, manual shifting is not based on a commonly agreed mathematical procedure which would, for a given set of experimental data, yield always exactly the same master curve, independently of a person who executes the shifting process. Thus, starting from the same set of experimental data two different researchers could, and very likely will, construct two different master curves. In this paper we propose mathematical methodology which completely removes ambiguity related to the manual shifting procedures. Paper presents the derivation of the shifting algorithm and its validation using several simulated- and real- experimental data. ©2010 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc.",Algorithm for automated time-temperature shifting | Long-term behavior of polymers | Master curve | Time-temperature (-pressure) superposition principle,Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Gergesova, M.;Zupančič, B.;Emri, I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-49249146322,10.1016/0030-5073(79)90048-5,An integrated framework for concurrent life-cycle design and construction,"This paper introduces a representation system for the description of decision alternatives and decision rules. Examples of these decision rules, classified according to their metric requirements (i.e., metric level, commensurability across dimensions, and lexicographic ordering) in the system, are given. A brief introduction to process tracing techniques is followed by a review of results reported in process tracing studies of decision making. The review shows that most decision problems are solved without a complete search of information, which shows that many of the algebraic models of decision making are inadequate. When the number of aspects of a decision situation is constant, an increase in the number of alternatives (and a corresponding decrease in the number of dimensions) leads to a greater number of investigated aspects. Verbal protocols showed that decision rules belonging to the different groups were used by decision makers when making a choice. It was concluded that process tracing data can be fruitfully used in studies of decision making but that such data do not release the researcher from the burden of constructing theories or models in relation to which the data must then be analyzed. © 1979.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1979-01-01,Article,"Svenson, Ola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985846653,10.1111/j.1540-5915.1991.tb00344.x,A survey on the software maintenance process,"A considerable amount of research has been conducted over a long period of time into the effects of graphical and tabular representations on decision‐making performance. To date, however, the literature appears to have arrived at few conclusions with regard to the performance of the two representations. This paper addresses these issues by presenting a theory, based on information processing theory, to explain under what circumstances one representation outperforms the other. The fundamental aspects of the theory are: (1) although graphical and tabular representations may contain the same information, they present that information in fundamentally different ways; graphical representations emphasize spatial information, while tables emphasize symbolic information; (2) tasks can be divided into two types, spatial and symbolic, based on the type of information that facilitates their solution; (3) performance on a task will be enhanced when there is a cognitive fit (match) between the information emphasized in the representation type and that required by the task type; that is, when graphs support spatial tasks and when tables support symbolic tasks; (4) the processes or strategies problem solvers use are the crucial elements of cognitive fit since they provide the link between representation and task; the processes identified here are perceptual and analytical; (5) so long as there is a complete fit of representation, processes, and task type, each representation will lead to both quicker and more accurate problem solving. The theory is validated by its success in explaining the results of published studies that examine the performance of graphical and tabular representations in decision making. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",and | Decision Support Systems | Human Information Processing | Management Information Systems,Decision Sciences,1991-01-01,Article,"Vessey, Iris",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002316142,10.1287/isre.2.1.63,Power system restoration-the second task force report,"This research suggests that providing decision support systems to satisfy individual managers' desires will not have a large effect on either the efficiency or the effectiveness of problem solving. Designers should, instead, concentrate on determining the characteristics of the tasks that problem solvers must address, and on supporting those tasks with the appropriate problem representations and support tools. Sufficient evidence now exists to suggest that the notion of cognitive fit may be one aspect of a general theory of problem solving. Suggestions are made for extending the notion of fit to more complex problem-solving environments. Copyright © 1991, The Institute of Management Sciences.",Cognitive fit | Information acquisition | Numeric skills | Spatial skills | Spatial tasks | Symbolic tasks,Information Systems Research,1991-01-01,Article,"Vessey, Iris;Galletta, Dennis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84965459141,10.1177/014920639201800309,Straightening spaghetti-code with refactoring?,"Meta-analyses were conducted to examine the antecedents of personal goal level, and the antecedents and consequences of goal commitment based on 78 goal-setting studies. Meta-analyses of the antecedents of personal goal level indicated that prior performance and ability were significantly related to personal goals whereas knowledge of results had a marginally significant relationship with personal goal level. The relationships of three antecedent variables with goal commitment were found to be statistically significant (i.e., self-efficacy, expectancy of goal attainment, and task difficulty), whereas task complexity had a marginally significant relationship with goal commitment. The results of the meta-analyses on the consequences of goal commitment showed goal commitment to significantly affect goal achievement. A model was developed that integrated the results of the meta-analyses with conceptually derived variables and relationships. © 1992, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Management,1992-01-01,Article,"Wofford, J. C.;Goodwin, Vicki L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001026839,10.1037/h0037186,An architecture for application of artificial intelligence to design,"Investigated dominant simplifying strategies people use in adapting to different information processing environments. It was hypothesized that judges operating under either time pressure or distraction would systematically place greater weight on negative evidence than would their counterparts under less strainful conditions. 6 groups of male undergraduates (N = 210) were presented 5 pieces of information to assimilate in evaluating cars as purchase options. 3 groups operated under varying time pressure conditions, while 3 groups operated under varying levels of distraction. Data usage models assuming disproportionately heavy weighting of negative evidence provided best fits to a signficantly higher number of Ss in the high time pressure and moderate distraction conditions. Ss attended to fewer data dimensions in these conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1974 American Psychological Association.","time pressure & distraction, weighting of positive vs negative information in decision making, male college students",Journal of Applied Psychology,1974-10-01,Article,"Wright, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021393854,10.1080/00140138408963489,Applications of science and engineering to quantify and control the Deepwater Horizon oil spill,"An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of time pressure and of training on the utilization of compensatory multi-attribute (MAU) decision processes. Sixty subjects made buying decisions with and without training in the process of compensatory MAU decision-making. This was repeated with and without time pressure. It was found that training resulted in more effective decision making only under the 'no time pressure' condition. Under time pressure the training did not improve the quality of decision making at all, and the effectiveness of the decisions was significantly lower than under no time pressure. It was concluded that specific training methods should be designed to help decision makers improve their decisions under time pressure. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Decisions | Effectiveness | Time pressure | Training,Ergonomics,1984-01-01,Article,"Zakay, Dan;Wooler, Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957717066,10.1016/j.surg.2010.12.005,Benefits of user-oriented software development based on an iterative cyclic process model for simultaneous engineering,"Background: There is gathering interest in determining the typical sources of stress for an operating surgeon and the effect that stressors might have on operative performance. Much of the research in this field, however, has failed to measure stress levels and performance concurrently or has not acknowledged the differential impact of potential stressors. Our aim was to examine empirically the influence of different sources of stress on trained laparoscopic performance. Methods: A total of 30 medical students were trained to proficiency on the validated Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery peg transfer task, and then were tested under 4 counterbalanced test conditions: control, evaluation threat, multitasking, and time pressure. Performance was assessed via completion time and a process measure reflecting the efficiency of movement (ie, path length). Stress levels in each test condition were measured using a multidimensional approach that included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the subject's heart rate while performing a task. Results: The time pressure condition caused the only significant increase in stress levels but did not influence completion time or the path length of movement. Only the multitasking condition significantly increased completion time and path length, despite there being no significant increase in stress levels. Overall, the STAI and heart rate measures were not correlated strongly. Conclusion: Recommended measures of stress levels do not necessarily reflect the demands of an operative task, highlighting the need to understand better the mechanisms that influence performance in surgery. This understanding will help inform the development of training programs that encourage the complete transfer of skills from simulators to the operating room. © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Surgery,2011-06-01,Article,"Poolton, Jamie M.;Wilson, Mark R.;Malhotra, Neha;Ngo, Karen;Masters, Rich S.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032074640,10.1287/mnsc.44.5.645,Knowledge management: dealing intelligently with knowledge,"Marketing decision makers are confronted with an increasing amount of information. This leads to a complex decision environment that may cause decision makers to lapse into using mental-effort-reducing heuristics such as anchoring and adjustment. In an experimental study, we find that the use of a marketing decision support system (MDSS) increases the effectiveness of marketing decision makers. An MDSS is effective because it assists its users in identifying the important decision variables and, subsequently, making better decisions based on those variables. Decision makers using an MDSS are also less susceptible to applying the anchoring and adjustment heuristic and, therefore, show more variation in their decisions in a dynamic environment. Low-analytical decision makers and decision makers operating under low time pressure especially benefit from using an MDSS.",Decision Support Systems | Managerial Decision Making | Marketing,Management Science,1998-01-01,Article,"Van Bruggen, Gerrit H.;Smidts, Ale;Wierenga, Berend",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032223721,10.1080/07421222.1998.11518212,"Design science: introduction to the needs, scope and organization of engineering design knowledge","The Israeli Air Force (IAF) has developed a simulation system to train its top commanders in how to use defensive resources in the face of an aerial attack by enemy combat aircraft. During the simulation session, the commander in charge allocates airborne and standby resources and dispatches or diverts aircraft to intercept intruders. Seventy-four simulation sessions were conducted in order to examine the effects of time pressure and completeness of information on the performance of twenty-nine top IAF commanders. Variables examined were: (1) display of complete versus incomplete information, (2) time-constrained decision making versus unlimited decision time, and (3) the difference in performance between top strategic commanders and mid-level field commanders. Our results show that complete information usually improved performance. However, field commanders (as opposed to top strategic commanders) did not improve their performance when presented with complete information under pressure of time. Time pre ssure usually, but not always, impaired performance. Top commanders tended to make fewer changes in previous decisions than did field commanders.",Decision making | Effectiveness of incomplete information | Information effectiveness | Time-constrained decision making | Value of information,Journal of Management Information Systems,1998-01-01,Article,"Ahituv, Niv;Igbaria, Magid;Sella, Aviem",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033235401,10.1287/mksc.18.3.196,A model of critical success factors for software projects,"This paper provides an introduction to this Special Issue by a) providing a framework for evaluating the potential and actual success of marketing management support systems (MMSS), and b) briefly discussing how each paper in this Special Issue addresses the general topic of managerial decision making. The paper concludes by outlining some key questions that still need to be addressed.",Decision aids | Managerial decision making | Measures of success,Marketing Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Wierenga, Berend;Van Bruggen, Gerrit H.;Staelin, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955684258,10.1108/09699981111126205,The effects of pair programming in programming language subject,"Purpose - Construction is a competitive, ever-changing, and challenging industry. Therefore, it is not surprising that the majority of construction professionals suffer from stress, especially construction project managers (C-PMs), who are often driven by the time pressures, uncertainties, crisis-ridden environment, and dynamic social structures that are intrinsic to every construction project. Extensive literature has indicated that stress can be categorized into: job stress, burnout, and physiological stress. This study aims to investigate the impact of stress on the performance of C-PMs. Design/methodology/approach - To investigate the relationships between stress and performance among C-PMs, a questionnaire was designed based on the extensive literature, and was sent to 500 C-PMs who had amassed at least five years' direct working experience in the construction industry. A total of 108 completed questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 21.6 percent. Based on the data collected, an integrated structural equation model of the stresses and performances of C-PMs was developed using Lisrel 8.0. Findings - The results of structural equation modelling reveal the following: job stress is the antecedent of burnout, while burnout can further predict physiological stress for C-PMs; job stress is negatively related only to their task performance; both burnout and physiological stress are negatively related to their organizational performance; and task performance leads positively to their interpersonal performance. Recommendations are given based on the findings to enhance their stress and performance levels. Originality/value - This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the impact of various types of stress on the performances of C-PMs. The result constitutes a significant step towards the stress management of C-PMs in the dynamic and stressful construction industry. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Construction industry | Performance management | Project management | Stress,"Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management",2011-05-11,Article,"Leung, Mei Yung;Chan, Yee Shan Isabelle;Dongyu, Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14744284944,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.10.003,Twenty-five years of HAZOPs,"Prior research on human ability to write database queries has concentrated on the characteristics of query interfaces and the complexity of the query tasks. This paper reports the results of a laboratory experiment that investigated the relationship between task complexity and time availability, a characteristic of the task context not investigated in earlier database research, while controlling the query interface, data model, technology, and training. Contrary to expectations, when performance measures were adjusted by the time used to perform the task, time availability did not have any effects on task performance while task complexity had a strong influence on performance at all time availability levels. Finally, task complexity was found to be the main determinant of user confidence. The implications of these results for future research and practice are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Database query task | Task complexity | Time availability | Time pressure | Usability,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2005-03-01,Article,"Topi, Heikki;Valacich, Joseph S.;Hoffer, Jeffrey A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349297179,10.1509/jmkg.74.6.94,Desman: A dynamic model for managing civil engineering design projects,"Marketing planners often use geographical information systems (GISs) to help identify suitable retail locations, regionally distribute advertising campaigns, and target direct marketing activities. Geographical information systems thematic maps facilitate the visual assessment of map regions. A broad set of alternative symbolizations, such as circles, bars, or shading, can be used to visually represent quantitative geospatial data on such maps. However, there is little knowledge on which kind of symbolization is the most adequate in which problem situation. In a large-scale experimental study, the authors show that the type of symbolization strongly influences decision performance. The findings indicate that graduated circles are appropriate symbolizations for geographical information systems thematic maps, and their successful utilization seems to be virtually Independent of personal characteristics, such as spatial ability and map experience. This makes circle symbolizations particularly suitable for effective decision making and cross-functional communication. © 2010, American Marketing Association.",Cartograms | Data visualization | Geographical information systems thematic maps | Spatial marketing decisions | Symbolization,Journal of Marketing,2010-11-01,Article,"Ozimec, Ana Marija;Natter, Martin;Reutterer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955560172,10.1109/MS.2011.68,An overview of software models with regard to the users involvement,"One of the biggest challenges that organizations face today in holding and learning from retrospectives is the issue of distributed teams. Even though we know that face-to-face meetings are better, we often deal with budget constraints and time pressure. I was happy to meet John at the 2010 SATURN conference and learn of his experience at Intel. He has a good, useful story to share and, after all, learning from the past is what retrospectives are all about! © 2011 IEEE.",retrospectivevirtual retrospectiveprocess improvementsoftware development,IEEE Software,2011-05-01,Article,"Terzakis, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036885481,10.1016/S0167-9236(01)00136-1,Practical guidelines for measurement-based process improvement,"In Part 2, we examine the viability of the new symbolic language that we described in Part 1, in a specific setting. Using an abstract classification task that involves decision-making under time pressure, we study multiple measures of subject performance at this task using the new language vis-à-vis written and spoken English. Initial experimental results suggest that, despite its relative novelty, the proposed language is at least as effective as the more traditional communication modes in the specific setting examined, while succinctly conveying what must be conveyed. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision-making | Ex-ante DSS evaluation | Induced value theory | Mobile computing | Multimedia systems | Symbolic language | Time pressure,Decision Support Systems,2002-12-01,Article,"Marsden, James R.;Pakath, Ramakrishnan;Wibowo, Kustim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,Implementing a tenth strand in the CS curriculum,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649445836,10.1016/j.jretai.2010.07.011,Expert and construct validity of the Simbionix GI Mentor II endoscopy simulator for colonoscopy,"In today's rapidly evolving business environment, retailers must develop highly responsive supply chains in order to satisfy constantly changing market demands. One approach to achieving this objective is to leverage the capabilities of other supply chain members to achieve cycle time compression of key business activities. However, when viewed through the theoretical lenses of Social Exchange Theory and Reciprocity, a potential conflict exists between facilitating supply chain responsiveness and maintaining close retailer-supplier relationships. The purpose of this research is to quantitatively test how the imposition of time pressure affects key elements of retail supply chain relationships. Scenario based experimental methodology was utilized to test the effects of time pressure on two distinct types of retailer-supplier relationships. Results of this research offer evidence to support the notion that time pressure can reduce collaborative behaviors, relationship loyalty, and relationship value in critical retailer-supplier relationships. © 2010 New York University.",Experimentation | Retailer-supplier relationships | Supplier management | Supply chain management | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2010-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Esper, Terry L.;Stank, Theodore P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645025876,10.1108/13673270410548469,Model-driven prototyping for corporate software specification,"This paper aims to identify and articulate critical research issues in the emerging area of real-time knowledge management (RT-KM) in enterprises, in order to stimulate other researchers to further pursue them. The paper creates a framework around which it identifies and examines research issues and challenges that become salient and critical when knowledge sharing and creation need to happen in near real-time. The framework is based on two drivers: Increasing the requirements to plan for quickening the action-learning loop in the enterprise, and increasing requirements in planning for emergence. The action-learning loop is further articulated through the “observe, orient, decide, and act” (OODA) framework that is suited to sense-and-respond environments. Through the framework six sets of critical research challenges are identified around RT-KM in enterprises: Challenges around managing the quality of information in RT-KM, challenges around improving the selective and intensive aspects of managerial attention in RT-KM, challenges around making core business processes better suited to RT-KM, challenges around integrating multiple distributed perspectives unpredictably in RT-KM, challenges around developing heuristics in a way that allow real-time emergence, and challenges around effectively capturing actions and learning for later reuse in RT-KM. The issues and challenges identified are suggestive rather than exhaustive. Based on observations from real field case studies in industry, and driven by an industry need for better RT-KM. This paper brings together the concepts of vigilant information systems, OODA loops, and emergence and applies them through a framework to identify research issues and challenges in this new emerging area of RT-KM. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",,Journal of Knowledge Management,2004-08-01,Article,"Sawy, Omar A.;Majchrzak, Ann",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Negotiating knowledge contribution to multiple discourse communities: A doctoral student of computer science writing for publication,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034299718,10.1016/S0164-1212(00)00033-9,A predictive model of chronic time pressure in the Australian population: Implications for leisure research,"Resources allocated to software maintenance constitute a major portion of the total lifecycle cost of a system and can effect the ability of an organization to react to dynamic environments. A major component of software maintenance resources is analyst and programmer labor. This paper is an experimental evaluation of how the Human Information Processing (HIP) model can serve as a framework for examining the interaction of an individual's information processing capability and characteristics of the maintenance task. Independent variables investigated include program size, control flow complexity, variable name mnemonicity, time pressure, level of semantic knowledge and some of their interactions on maintenance effort. Data collection was done using the Program Maintenance Performance Testing System (PROMPTS) designed especially for the experiment. The results indicate that a HIP perspective on software maintenance may contribute to a decrease in maintenance cost and increase the responsiveness of maintenance to changing organizational needs.",,Journal of Systems and Software,2000-01-01,Article,"Ramanujan, Sam;Scamell, Richard W.;Shah, Jaymeen R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40849096082,10.1177/0013164407308510,Teaching business plan negotiation: fostering entrepreneurship among business and engineering students,"This article proposes a multilevel modeling approach to study the general and specific attitudes formed in human learning behavior. Based on the premises of activity theory, it conceptualizes the unit of analysis for attitude measurement as a scalable and evolving activity system rather than a single action. Measurement issues related to this conceptualization, including scale development and validation, are discussed with the help of facet analysis and multilevel structural equation modeling techniques. An empirical study was conducted, and the results indicate that this approach is theoretically and methodologically defensible. © 2008 Sage Publications.",Activity theory | Expansive learning | Facet analysis | General attitude | Measurement validity | Multilevel structural equation modeling | Specific attitude,Educational and Psychological Measurement,2008-01-01,Article,"Sun, Jun;Willson, Victor L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886498923,10.1007/s10796-009-9189-5,Evaluating evolutionary software systems,"To address shortcomings of predominately subjective measures in empirical IS research on IT usage and human-computer interaction, this paper uses a multi-method experimental analysis extending empirical surveying with objective measures from eyetracking and electrodermal activity (EDA). In a three stage process, objective user performance is observed in terms of task fulfillment and user performing of participants in four focus groups, classified by user system experience and the treatment pressure to perform. Initial results of this research-in-progress reveal that users with prior system experience perform considerably better and faster than users without system experience. This also accounts for users under pressure to perform compared to users without pressure to perform. However, the results of the EDA show that users under pressure to perform also have a higher objective strain level. Furthermore, a first regression analysis outlines that objective performance might help to understand user's system satisfaction to a greater extent.",Electrodermal activity | Experimental analysis | Eye-tracking | Objective data | Pressure to perform | System experience | User performance,"International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Eckhardt, Andreas;Maier, Christian;Buettner, Ricardo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83655184809,10.1002/asi.21670,"Assuring No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure in design engineering","In a contemporary user environment, there are often multiple information systems available for a certain type of task. Based on the premises of Activity Theory, this study examines how user characteristics, system experiences, and task situations influence an individual's preferences among different systems in terms of user readiness to interact with each. It hypothesizes that system experiences directly shape specific user readiness at the within-subject level, user characteristics and task situations make differences in general user readiness at the between-subject level, and task situations also affect specific user readiness through the mediation of system experiences. An empirical study was conducted, and the results supported the hypothesized relationships. The findings provide insights on how to enhance technology adoption by tailoring system development and management to various task contexts and different user groups. © 2011 ASIS&T.",,Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2012-01-01,Article,"Sun, Jun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052985745,10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4_1,Rigorous support for flexible planning of product releases-a stakeholder-centric approach and its initial evaluation,"We commonly make decisions based on different kinds of maps, and under varying time constraints. The accuracy of these decisions often can decide even over life and death. In this study, we investigate how varying time constraints and different map types can influence people's visuo-spatial decision making, specifically for a complex slope detection task involving three spatial dimensions. We find that participants' response accuracy and response confidence do not decrease linearly, as hypothesized, when given less response time. Assessing collected responses within the signal detection theory framework, we find that different inference error types occur with different map types. Finally, we replicate previous findings suggesting that while people might prefer more realistic looking maps, they do not necessarily perform better with them. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",empirical map evaluation | shaded relief maps | slope maps | time pressure,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2011-09-26,Conference Paper,"Wilkening, Jan;Fabrikant, Sara Irina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878574772,10.1080/15230406.2013.762140,Serious insights through fun software-projects,"Interactive 3D geo-browsers, also known as globe viewers, are popular, because they are easy and fun to use. However, it is still an open question whether highly interactive, 3D geographic data browsing, and visualization displays support effective and efficient spatio-temporal decision making. Moreover, little is known about the role of time constraints for spatiotemporal decision-making in an interactive, 3D context. In this article, we present an empirical approach to assess the effect of decision-time constraints on the quality of spatio-temporal decision-making when using 3D geo-browsers, such as GoogleEarth, in 3D task contexts of varying complexity. Our experimental results suggest that while, overall, people interact more with interactive geo-browsers when not under time pressure, this does not mean that they are also more accurate or more confident in their decisions when solving typical 3D cartometric tasks. Surprisingly, we also find that 2D interaction capabilities (i.e., zooming and panning) are more frequently used for 3D tasks than 3D interaction tools (i.e., rotating and tilting), regardless of time pressure. Finally, we find that background and training of tested users do not seem to influence 3D task performance. In summary, our study does not provide any evidence for the added value of using interactive 3D globe viewers when needing to solve 3D cartometric tasks with or without time pressure. © 2013 Cartography and Geographic Information Society.",Geo-browsers | Map interaction | Time pressure,Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2013-06-10,Article,"Wilkening, Jan;Fabrikant, Sara Irina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747149901,10.1108/01443570610682625,Network versus code metrics to predict defects: A replication study,"Purpose - Fast-paced, hyper-competitive environments require organizations to use flexible resources and delegate decision making. This paper aims to examine the synergistic effects of operators' involvement in decision making (IIDM) and equipment reliability across operations on mix flexibility when speed is emphasized. A theoretical framework integrating strategic decision making and operations management theories is proposed to uncover the dynamics of such relationships. Design/methodology/approach - Both objective and subjective data were collected at the individual level from different sources in a single organization. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the framework. Findings - Results show that: an emphasis on speed and experience interact to predict IIDM; and IIDM and machine reliability have compensatory effects in predicting mix flexibility, i.e. greater operator IIDM results in a more varied output mix, but this effect wanes as machine reliability increases. Research limitations/implications - The use of a single research facility permitted extensive data collection and strengthened internal validity, but it also limited the generalizability of the results. Assuaging this concern is the fact that the results support well-established theories. Originality/value - Labor flexibility should be construed in terms of job enlargement and enrichment. For organizations, the study highlights the importance of a well-trained workforce to support and exploit technological capabilities. It also sets parameters over which decision making is most effective. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Decision making | Flexibility | Human resource management,International Journal of Operations and Production Management,2006-08-18,Article,"Karuppan, Corinne M.;Kepes, Sven",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79551709966,10.1093/heapro/daq060,An iterative-cyclic software process model,"Lack of time is the main reason people say they do not exercise or use public transport, so addressing time barriers is essential to achieving health promotion goals. Our aim was to investigate how time barriers are viewed by the people who develop programs to increase physical activity or use active transport. We studied five interventions and explored the interplay between views and strategies. Some views emphasized personal choice and attitudes, and strategies to address time barriers were focused on changing personal priorities or perceptions. Other views emphasized social-structural sources of time pressures, and provided pragmatic ideas to free up time. The most nuanced strategies to address time barriers were employed by programs that researched and solicited the views of potential participants. Two initiatives re-shaped their campaigns to incorporate ways to save time, and framed exercise or active transport as a means to achieve other, pressing, priorities. Time shortages also posed problems for one intervention that relied on the unpaid time of volunteers. Time-sensitive health and active transport interventions are needed, and the methods and approaches we describe could serve as useful, preliminary models. © The Author (2010).",active transport | health equity | physical activity | time pressure,Health Promotion International,2011-03-01,Article,"Strazdins, Lyndall;Broom, Dorothy H.;Banwell, Cathy;McDonald, Tessa;Skeat, Helen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78951489612,10.1109/TEM.2010.2048914,"The New Competitors: They Think in Terms of"" Speed to Market""","Bringing new products to market requires team effort. New product development teams often face demanding schedules and high deliverable expectations, making time pressure a common experience at the workplace. Past literature have generally associated the relationship between time pressure and performance based on the inverted-U model, where low and high levels of time pressure are related to poor performance. However, teams do not necessarily perform worse when the levels of time pressure are high. In contrast, there are numerous examples of high-performance teams in intense time-pressure situations. The purpose of this study is to reconcile some of the discrepancies concerning the effects of time pressure by considering the nature of stress. This study is also designed to investigate time pressure at team level - an area that is not well investigated. A model of 2-D time pressure, i.e., challenge and hindrance time pressure, was developed. Data are collected based on a two-part electronic survey from 81 new product development teams (500 respondents) in Western Europe. The results showed challenge and hindrance time pressure to improve and deteriorate team performance, respectively. At the same time, we also found team coordination to partially mediate the time-pressureteam-performance relationships. Furthermore, team identification is found to sustain team coordination, especially for teams facing hindrance time pressure. This indicates that teams that possess strong team identification could be positioned strategically in projects where time pressure is intense and where the stakes are high. Other implications with respect to theory and practice are discussed. © 2006 IEEE.",Challenge | hindrance | new product development (NPD) | performance | team | time pressure,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Chai, Kah Hin;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876288790,10.1002/asi.22782,The effectiveness of assessment learning objects produced using pair programming,"Delays have become one of the most often cited complaints of web users. Long delays often cause users to abandon their searches, but how do tolerable delays affect information search behavior? Intuitively, we would expect that tolerable delays should induce decreased information search. We conducted two experiments and found that as delay increased, a point occurs at which time within-page information search increases; that is, search behavior remained the same until a tipping point occurs where delay increases the depth of search. We argue that situation normality explains this phenomenon; users have become accustomed to tolerable delays up to a point (our research suggests between 7 and 11 s), after which search behavior changes. That is, some delay is expected, but as delay becomes noticeable but not long enough to cause the abandonment of search, an increase occurs in the ""stickiness"" of webpages such that users examine more information on each page before moving to new pages. The net impact of tolerable delays was counterintuitive: tolerable delays had no impact on the total amount of data searched in the first experiment, but induced users to examine more data points in the second experiment. © 2013 ASIS&T.",data presentation | information dissemination | information processing,Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2013-05-01,Article,"Taylor, Nolan J.;Dennis, Alan R.;Cummings, Jeff W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650810970,10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.01.003,Globalization and organizational change: engineers' experiences and their implications for engineering education,"In this paper, we develop a testable holistic procurement framework that examines how a broad range of procurement related factors affects project performance criteria. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we put forward propositions suggesting that cooperative procurement procedures (joint specification, selected tendering, soft parameters in bid evaluation, joint subcontractor selection, incentive-based payment, collaborative tools, and contractor self-control) generally have a positive influence on project performance (cost, time, quality, environmental impact, work environment, and innovation). We additionally propose that these relationships are moderated or mediated by the collaborative climate (i.e. the trust and commitment among partners) in the project and moderated by the overall project characteristics (i.e. how challenging the project is in terms of complexity, customization, uncertainty, value/size, and time pressure). Based on our contribution, future research can test the framework empirically to further increase the knowledge about how procurement factors may influence project performance. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.",Collaboration | Coopetition | Procurement | Project performance,International Journal of Project Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Eriksson, Per Erik;Westerberg, Mats",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751646432,10.1016/j.compind.2010.10.009,Introduction to software engineering,"Both academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chains has increased in recent years. Supplier selection process is one of the key operational tasks for sustainable supply chain management. This paper examines the problem of identifying an effective model based on sustainability principles for supplier selection operations in supply chains. Due to its multi-criteria nature, the sustainable supplier evaluation process requires an appropriate multi-criteria analysis and solution approach. The approach should also consider that decision makers might face situations such as time pressure, lack of expertise in related issue, etc., during the evaluation process. The paper develops a novel approach based on fuzzy analytic network process within multi-person decision-making schema under incomplete preference relations. The method not only makes sufficient evaluations using the provided preference information, but also maintains the consistency level of the evaluations. Finally, the paper analyzes the sustainability of a number of suppliers in a real-life problem to demonstrate the validity of the proposed evaluation model. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Analytic network process | Fuzzy logic | Incomplete preference relations | Supplier selection | Sustainable supply chain,Computers in Industry,2011-02-01,Article,"Büyüközkan, Gülçin;Çifçi, Gizem",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79251576144,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4000-10.2011,Prorotyping corporate user interfaces: towards a visual specification of interactive systems,"Decisions often necessitate a tradeoff between speed and accuracy (SAT), that is, fast decisions are more error prone while careful decisions take longer. Sequential sampling models assume that evidence for different response alternatives is accumulated over time and suggest that SAT modulates the decision system by setting a lower threshold (boundary) on required accumulated evidence to commit a response under time pressure. We investigated how such a speed accuracy tradeoff is implemented neurally under different levels of sensory evidence. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a face-house categorization task, we show that the later decision- and motor-related systems rather than the early sensory system are modulated by SAT. Source analysis revealed that the bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMAs) and the medial precuneus were more activated under the speed instruction and correlated negatively (right SMA) with the boundary parameter, where as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was more activated under the accuracy instruction and showed a positive correlation with the boundary. The findings are interpreted in the sense that SMA activity dynamically facilitates fast responses during stimulus processing, potentially by disinhibiting thalamo-striatal loops, whereas DLPFC reflects accumulated evidence before response execution. Copyright © 2011 the authors.",,Journal of Neuroscience,2011-01-26,Article,"Wenzlaff, Hermine;Bauer, Markus;Maess, Burkhard;Heekeren, Hauke R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649974170,10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.07.005,Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes in fractured porous media: modelling and benchmarking,"In addition to triggering appropriate physiological activity and behavioural responses, emotions and moods can have an important role in decision making. Anxiety, for example, arises in potentially dangerous situations and can bias people to judge many stimuli as more threatening. Here, we investigated the possibility that affective states may also influence the time taken to make such judgements. Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) mood inventory [Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol, 54 (1988) 1063-1070] and undertook a computer-based task in which they were required to decide whether ambiguous and unambiguous predictor stimuli heralded resources or hazards. While the two types of negative mood indicators measured by PANAS [high ""negative activation"" (high NA), a danger-oriented state such as anxiety, and low ""positive activation"" (low PA), a state related to loss or absence of opportunity, such as sadness] both biased decisions similarly towards expecting hazards and away from expecting resources, only individual variation in NA was associated with the speed at which these decisions were made. In particular, participants reporting higher NA showed a bias towards caution, being slower to decide that stimuli predicted hazards and not resources. These findings are discussed in terms of the ""Smoke Detector Principle"" in threat detection [Nesse, R.M. Natural selection and the regulation of defenses. A signal detection analysis of the smoke detector principle. Evol Hum Behav, 26 (2005) 88-105] and the potential value of speed-accuracy tradeoffs in the context of decision making in differing mood states, and the processes that might give rise to them. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Affective state | Anxiety | Decision making | Mood | Speed-accuracy tradeoffs,Evolution and Human Behavior,2011-01-01,Article,"Paul, Elizabeth S.;Cuthill, Innes;Kuroso, Go;Norton, Vicki;Woodgate, Joe;Mendl, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82955236155,10.3389/fnhum.2011.00048,The difficult bridge between university and industry: a case study in computer science teaching,"An important aspect of cognitive flexibility is inhibitory control, the ability to dynamically modify or cancel planned actions in response to changes in the sensory environment or task demands. We formulate a probabilistic, rational decision-making framework for inhibitory control in the stop signal paradigm. Our model posits that subjects maintain a Bayes-optimal, continually updated representation of sensory inputs, and repeatedly assess the relative value of stopping and going on a fine temporal scale, in order to make an optimal decision on when and whether to go on each trial. We further posit that they implement this continual evaluation with respect to a global objective function capturing the various reward and penalties associated with different behavioral outcomes, such as speed and accuracy, or the relative costs of stop errors and go errors. We demonstrate that our rational decision-making model naturally gives rise to basic behavioral characteristics consistently observed for this paradigm, as well as more subtle effects due to contextual factors such as reward contingencies or motivational factors. Furthermore, we show that the classical race model can be seen as a computationally simpler, perhaps neurally plausible, approximation to optimal decision-making. This conceptual link allows us to predict how the parameters of the race model, such as the stopping latency, should change with task parameters and individual experiences/ability. © 2011 Shenoy and Yu.",Inhibitory control | Optimal decision-making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Stop signal task,Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2011-01-01,Article,"Shenoy, Pradeep;Yu, Angela J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921346031,,Risk factors at computer and office workplaces,"This paper presents the general requirements to build a ""cognitive system for decision support"", capable of simulating defensive and offensive cyber operations. We aim to identify the key processes that mediate interactions between defenders, adversaries and the public, focusing on cognitive and ontological factors. We describe a controlled experimental phase where the system performance is assessed on a multi-purpose environment, which is a critical step towards enhancing situational awareness in cyber warfare.",Cognitive architecture | Cyber security | Ontology,CEUR Workshop Proceedings,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Oltramari, Alessandro;Lebiere, Christian;Vizenor, Lowell;Zhu, Wen;Dipert, Randall",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939944165,10.1007/s00520-014-2526-3,How to effectively define and measure maintainability,"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between patients’ decision-making about fertility preservation (FP) and time between cancer diagnosis and FP consultation in young female cancer survivors. Methods: This is a pilot survey study of women aged 18–43 years seen for FP consultation between April 2009 and December 2010. Results: Among 52 women who completed the survey, 15 (29 %) had their FP consultation more than 2 weeks after their cancer diagnosis (late referral group) and 37 (71 %) were within 2 weeks of their cancer diagnosis (early referral group). In univariate analysis, the only difference between the late referral and early referral groups was a higher decisional conflict scale (DCS) in late referral group (p = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, late referral group was more likely to have high DCS (>35) compared to early referral group (odds ratio 4.8, 95 % confidence interval 1.5, 21.6) after adjusting for age, center, and type of cancer. Conclusion: Early referral to a fertility specialist can help patients make better decision about FP. This is the first study to suggest that early referral is important in patients’ decision-making process about FP treatment. Our finding supports the benefit of early referral in patients who are interested in FP which is consistent with prior studies about FP referral patterns.",Cancer | Decisional conflict | Fertility preservation | Referral,Supportive Care in Cancer,2015-06-01,Article,"Kim, Jayeon;Mersereau, Jennifer E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976406801,10.1108/BIJ-01-2014-0008,Speed-to-Market distinguishes the new competitors,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal sequential information acquisition process of a rational decision maker (DM) when allowed to acquire n pieces of information from a set of bi-dimensional products whose characteristics vary in a continuum set. Design/methodology/approach – The authors incorporate a heuristic mechanism that makes the n-observation scenario faced by a DM tractable. This heuristic allows the DM to assimilate substantial amounts of information and define an acquisition strategy within a coherent analytical framework. Numerical simulations are introduced to illustrate the main results obtained. Findings – The information acquisition behavior modeled in this paper corresponds to that of a perfectly rational DM, i.e. endowed with complete and transitive preferences, whose objective is to choose optimally among the products available subject to a heuristic assimilation constraint. The current paper opens the way for additional research on heuristic information acquisition and choice processes when considered from a satisficing perspective that accounts for cognitive limits in the information processing capacities of DMs. Originality/value – The proposed information acquisition algorithm does not allow for the use of standard dynamic programming techniques. That is, after each observation is gathered, a rational DM must modify his information acquisition strategy and recalculate his or her expected payoffs in terms of the observations already acquired and the information still to be gathered.",Competitive strategy | Decision support systems | Rationality | Sequential information acquisition | Utility theory,Benchmarking,2016-05-03,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899931277,10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.144,Examining the use of software engineering by computer science researchers,We propose a formal approach to the problem of transforming uncertainty into risk via information revelation processes. Abstractions and formalizations regarding information acquisition processes are common in different areas of information sciences. We investigate the relationships between the way information is acquired and the continuity properties of revelation processes. A class of revelation processes whose continuity is characterized by how information is transmitted is introduced. This allows us to provide normative results regarding the continuity of the information acquisition processes of decision makers (DMs) and their ability to formulate probabilistic predictions within a given confidence range. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Continuity | Decision-making | Information acquisition | Time-pressure | Uncertainty,Information Sciences,2014-08-01,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449282600,10.1016/j.chb.2010.09.021,2.1 Transfer of knowledge between education and workplace settings,"This study investigates the question as to whether e-mail management training can alleviate the problem of time pressure linked to inadequate use of e-mail. A quasi-experiment was devised and carried out in an organizational setting to test the effect of an e-mail training program on four variables, e-mail self-efficacy, e-mail-specific time management, perceived time control over e-mail use, and estimated time spent in e-mail. With 175 subjects in the experimental group, and 105 subjects in the control group, data were collected before and after the experiment. ANCOVA analysis of the data demonstrated possible amount of time saving with an e-mail management training program. In addition, better perceived time control over e-mail use was observed. Since the change of e-mail-specific time management behavior was not significant, but e-mail self-efficacy improved substantially, it suggested that the major mediating process for better perceived time control over e-mail use and less estimated time spent in e-mail was through improved e-mail self-efficacy rather than a change of e-mail-specific time-management behavior. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",E-mail management training | E-mail self-efficacy | Quasi-experiment | Time control | Time management | Time pressure,Computers in Human Behavior,2011-01-01,Article,"Huang, Eugenia Y.;Lin, Sheng Wei;Lin, Shu Chiung",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908007672,10.1111/jbl.12056,A survey of engineers in their information world,"Retail supply chains must be responsive to consumer demand and flexible in adapting to changing consumer preferences. As a result, suppliers are often expected to deal with time pressure demands from retailers. While previous research demonstrates that time pressure can have longer term relational costs that reduce collaborative behaviors and overall relationship quality, this mixed-methods study goes further by accounting for attribution effects to explain why the time pressure occurs. Specifically, supplier perceptions for the reason of time pressure being within or beyond a retailer's control, rather than time pressure itself, appear to have a stronger effect on relational outcomes. By investigating time pressure through the lens of attribution theory, this research opens a new inquiry of research that moves away from examination of outcomes themselves (the ""what""), to examining ""why"" the outcome occurred.",Attribution theory | Behavioral vignette experiments | Retail supply chains | Supplier relationships | Time pressure,Journal of Business Logistics,2014-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Davis-Sramek, Beth;Esper, Terry L.;Murfield, Monique L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870969606,10.1177/0956797611418677,Measurement and instrumentation for control,"Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in human-computer interaction (HCI) research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on prior research findings this study proposes that information selection of target information in emergency response applications can be improved by using supplementary cues. The research is motivated by cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel and associative processing. Color-coding and location-ordering are proposed as relevant cues that can improve ERS processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental ERS is developed users' performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with the best results obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and complexity increase.",Color | Emergency response systems | Information cues | Information selection | Interface design | Location | Task complexity | Time pressure,ICIS 2009 Proceedings - Thirtieth International Conference on Information Systems,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mcnab, Anna L.;Hess, Traci J.;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905982645,10.1109/SWS.2010.5607380,Giving time gives you time,"Decision makers often have to make decisions in high-pressure situations in which time is limited and competing alternatives are similar. However, research on how time-pressure influences decisions in an information system (IS) context is relatively limited. This study examines the influence of time-pressure on behavioural affect and cognitive effects using eye tracking technology in a behavioural experiment on a software acquisition task. Further, it explores the independent and interactive influence of justification requirement. Results indicate that time-pressure creates discomfort and limits the amount of time spent examining the available information, both in terms of the number of fixations (gazes at part of the screen) and the duration of those fixations. However, this does not mean that information was ignored. Instead, decision-makers under time-pressure actually examined more information under certain circumstances, i.e. the justification requirement seems to interact with time-pressure.",Decision strategy | Eye tracking | Justification | Software acquisition | Time-pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fehrenbacher, Dennis D.;Smith, Stephen",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649827945,10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.031,Transnational education through engagement: Students' perspective,"Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by poor optimization of behavior in the face of changing demands. Theoretical accounts of ADHD have often focused on higher-order cognitive processes and typically assume that basic processes are unaffected. It is an open question whether this is indeed the case. Method We explored basic cognitive processing in 25 subjects with ADHD and 30 typically developing children and adolescents with a perceptual decision-making paradigm. We investigated whether individuals with ADHD were able to balance the speed and accuracy of decisions. Results We found impairments in the optimization of the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Furthermore, these impairments were directly related to the hyperactive and impulsive symptoms that characterize the ADHD-phenotype. Conclusions These data suggest that impairments in basic cognitive processing are central to the disorder. This calls into question conceptualizations of ADHD as a ""higher-order"" deficit, as such simple decision processes are at the core of almost every paradigm used in ADHD research. © 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry.",ADHD | drift-diffusion model | hyperactivity | optimization | perceptual decision-making | speed-accuracy tradeoff,Biological Psychiatry,2010-12-15,Article,"Mulder, Martijn J.;Bos, Dienke;Weusten, Juliette M.H.;Van Belle, Janna;Van Dijk, Sarai C.;Simen, Patrick;Van Engeland, Herman;Durston, Sarah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-51449098043,10.1109/HICSS.2008.51,"Impact of metrics based refactoring on the software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure: a case study","The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward) trigger psychological factors (i.e. distraction, motivation, and trust) and affect problem-solving virtual teams' ability to share information and develop high quality solutions. Results of a laboratory experiment on GSS-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing and solution quality in ridge regressions. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors in both ordinary least squares regression and ridge regression. © 2008 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2008-09-16,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650654745,10.1109/BMEI.2010.5639664,Investigating paper vs. screen in real-life hospital workflows: Performance contradicts perceived superiority of paper in the user experience,"People nowadays are usually involved in computer work within a required time, in which the subjects are under time pressure (TP). It has been reported that TP can impact the autonomic neural regulation system and cognitive behavior during and after the commitment. However, there are few studies on the influence of TP on the cortical information processing. In this study, we designed an experiment with three sessions of computer-based tasks under different background to investigate how TP affect the cortical information processing pattern by large-scale cortical synchrony analysis of the multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Results showed that compared with task without TP, task under TP could only cause the decrease of inter-hemispheric cortical synchrony. Synchronization analysis of multichannel EEG provides a new insight into the effect of TP on the functional cortical connection of brain. ©2010 IEEE.",Computer-based task | Cortical synchrony | EEG | Time pressure,"Proceedings - 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, BMEI 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yang, Qi;Jiang, Dineng;Sun, Junfeng;Tong, Shanbao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749128405,10.1109/HICSS.2007.562,Intra-project transfer of knowledge in information systems development firms,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward) trigger psychological factors (i.e. distraction, motivation, and trust) and affect problem-solving virtual teams ' ability to share information and develop high quality solutions. Results of a laboratory experiment on GSS-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure while only trust, in turn, has a positive relationship with information sharing. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors. We also find evidence supporting that total information shared is positively associated with problem-solving outcomes in terms of the solution quality. © 2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885891711,10.1007/978-3-642-11743-5_5,Models and applications of configuration management,"Male superiority in the field of spatial navigation has been reported upon, numerous times. Although there have been indications that men and women handle environmental navigation in different ways, with men preferring Euclidian navigation and women using mostly topographic techniques, we have found no reported links between those differences and the shortcomings of women on ground of ineffective environment design. We propose the enhancement of virtual environments with landmarks - a technique we hypothesize could aid the performance of women without impairing that of men. In addition we touch upon a novel side of spatial navigation, with the introduction of time-pressure in the virtual environment. Our experimental results show that women benefit tremendously from landmarks in un-stressed situations, while men only utilize them successfully when they are under time-pressure. Furthermore we report on the beneficial impact that time-pressure has on men in terms of performance while navigating in a virtual environment.© Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2010.",Gender | Landmarks | Navigation | Time-pressure | Virtual environments,"Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gavrielidou, Elena;Lamers, Maarten H.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649445836,10.1016/j.jretai.2010.07.011,Lessons from applying usability engineering to fast-paced product development organizations,"In today's rapidly evolving business environment, retailers must develop highly responsive supply chains in order to satisfy constantly changing market demands. One approach to achieving this objective is to leverage the capabilities of other supply chain members to achieve cycle time compression of key business activities. However, when viewed through the theoretical lenses of Social Exchange Theory and Reciprocity, a potential conflict exists between facilitating supply chain responsiveness and maintaining close retailer-supplier relationships. The purpose of this research is to quantitatively test how the imposition of time pressure affects key elements of retail supply chain relationships. Scenario based experimental methodology was utilized to test the effects of time pressure on two distinct types of retailer-supplier relationships. Results of this research offer evidence to support the notion that time pressure can reduce collaborative behaviors, relationship loyalty, and relationship value in critical retailer-supplier relationships. © 2010 New York University.",Experimentation | Retailer-supplier relationships | Supplier management | Supply chain management | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2010-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Esper, Terry L.;Stank, Theodore P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85008939346,10.1002/mar.20982,The missing customer and the ever-present market software developers and the service economy,"Despite their generally increasing use, the adoption of mobile shopping applications often differs across purchase contexts. In order to advance our understanding of smartphone-based mobile shopping acceptance, this study integrates and extends existing approaches from technology acceptance literature by examining two previously underexplored aspects. First, the study examines the impact of different mobile and personal benefits (instant connectivity, contextual value, and hedonic motivation), customer characteristics (habit), and risk facets (financial, performance, and security risk) as antecedents of mobile shopping acceptance. Second, it is assumed that several acceptance drivers differ in relevance subject to the perception of three mobile shopping characteristics (location sensitivity, time criticality, and extent of control), while other drivers are assumed to matter independent of the context. Based on a dataset of 410 smartphone shoppers, empirical results demonstrate that several acceptance predictors are associated with ease of use and usefulness, which in turn affect intentional and behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, the extent to which risks and benefits impact ease of use and usefulness is influenced by the three contextual characteristics. From a managerial perspective, results show which factors to consider in the development of mobile shopping applications and in which different application contexts they matter.",,Psychology and Marketing,2017-02-01,Article,"Hubert, Marco;Blut, Markus;Brock, Christian;Backhaus, Christof;Eberhardt, Tim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870350385,10.1145/1030397.1030426,Managing inconsistent repositories via prioritized repairs,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward), trust, and motivation affect shared leadership in virtual teams. In addition, we explore the relationship between shared leadership and information sharing effectiveness in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on collaboration technology-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher shared leadership under time pressure, and both motivation and trust promote shared leadership. We also find that shared leadership facilitates information sharing in these teams. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors in both ordinary least squares regression and ridge regression. © (2009) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.",Collaborative technology skill | Distraction | Motivation | Ridge regression | Shared leadership | Trust | Virtual team,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976447878,10.1177/1094670516630624,Transforming new product development,"This article focuses on the locus of recovery (LOR) when failures occur in coproduced services. LOR refers to who contributes to the recovery. Based on the LOR effort, recovery can be classified into three types: firm recovery, joint recovery, and customer recovery. The authors develop a conceptual framework to examine the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of LOR and test the framework using three experiments. They find that the positive effect of customers’ self-efficacy on their expectancy to participate in recovery is stronger when they blame themselves for the failure than when they blame the service provider. Joint recovery is most effective in generating favorable service outcomes of satisfaction with recovery and intention for future coproduction. Furthermore, recovery urgency strengthens the effect of LOR; however, when a customer’s preferred recovery strategy is offered, such matching offsets the impact of recovery urgency. Our findings suggest several managerial implications for devising recovery strategies for service failures. Although having customers do the recovery may appear to be cost-effective, when customers are under time pressure, pushing them toward customer recovery against their preferences is likely to backfire. If a firm’s only available option is customer recovery, they should consider increasing customers’ sense of autonomy under resource constraints by aligning available recovery options with customer preferences. In contrast, joint recovery can be a win-win strategy—the customer is satisfied and the firm uses only moderate resources. It is also a more robust strategy that works particularly well under resource constraints and regardless of preference matching.",attribution of failure | cocreation | coproduction | customer participation | locus of recovery | recovery urgency | self-efficacy | service recovery,Journal of Service Research,2016-08-01,Article,"Dong, Beibei;Sivakumar, K.;Evans, Kenneth R.;Zou, Shaoming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053471749,10.1109/59.260890,Envisioning power system data: concepts and a prototype system state representation,"E-government presents great opportunities for governments around the globe to reform their public services. Yet, it can potentially risk wasting resources by failing to deliver promises of improved services and further frustrating the general public with government. In order to make correct decision in IT investment, governments have to find appropriate entry points to execute their business strategy; and the appropriate processes to select and implement suitable IT projects within realistic time and budget. This paper used a lens model approach to first devise a framework for examining the effects of entry points on the organizational scanning processes in support of formulating the right IT strategies and creating a realistic outlook of IT investment; and then to apply the framework for analyzing three cases. The findings indicate that entry points which only emphasized quick deployment of IT were mostly likely to limit the needed scanning processes, and resulted in project overruns. Whereas entry points which emphasized on internal capacity building for learning and knowledge transfer, and/or creation of an enabling environment for strategic partnership were mostly likely to intensify the scanning processes which further enhanced the chances of success for IT investment.",Entry points | Lens model | Scanning,"9th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: I.T. and Value Creation, PACIS 2005",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kuk, George",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857986530,10.1109/HICSS.2012.593,ODL System for Engineering Postgraduate Studies,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether time pressure and cultural diversity influence psychological factors (i.e. motivation, and trust) in virtual teams. We also examine if the psychological factors shape information sharing in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing. We also find that national cultural diversity has negative relationship with information sharing. However, information sharing is found to be unrelated to solution quality. Additional statistical analyses demonstrate that sharing of process information is positively related to solution quality. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paul, Souren;He, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870960526,10.1016/j.compedu.2005.09.001,A quasi-experimental study of three online learning courses in computing,"Although the organizational capability for agility in IT deployment is crucial to the attainment of enterprise agility, there is scant research on how the capability may be nurtured and leveraged to this end. As improvisation may be an important mechanism for attaining agility in IT deployment, we apply the literature on organizational improvisation to analyze the case of Chang Chun Petrochemicals, one of the largest privately-owned petrochemical firms in Taiwan with a storied history for agile IT deployment. In doing so, a process model is inductively derived that sheds light on how the organizational capability for improvisation in IT deployment can be developed, leveraged for enterprise agility, and routinized for repeated application. With its findings, this study contributes to the knowledge on agile IT deployment and the broader concept of IT-enabled enterprise agility, and provides a useful reference for practitioners who face resource constraints or time pressures in IT deployment.",Case study | Enterprise agility | It deployment | Routinized improvisation,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Tan, Barney;Pan, Shan L.;Chou, Tzu Chuan;Huang, Ju Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751695012,10.1109/IEEM.2010.5675609,Competing time orders in human service work: towards a politics of time,"Improper recovery of overbooked customers may lead to severe results. However the research on the recovery strategy in overbooking area is very insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to develop a recovery strategy based on regulatory focus theory. The study predicts that recovery fit can lead to improved customer satisfaction. Using situationally induced regulatory focus experimental design, the results show that customers under time pressure prefer preventing losses, whereas time enough customers concern more about achieving gains. The current recovery practices can be classified into promotion versus prevention orientation. A fit in recovery practices and customers regulatory orientations may bring higher satisfaction for customers than those who are not fit their regulatory orientation. The results may help airline companies make better recovery strategies. ©2010 IEEE.",Overbooking | Regulatory focus | Service recovery,IEEM2010 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, Xiang;Wang, Peng;Wang, Yuehui;Wang, Guoxin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930160226,10.1016/j.ins.2015.05.011,"No innovation process without changes, but…","We consider the problem of a decision maker (DM) who must choose among a set of alternatives offered by different information senders (ISs). Each alternative is characterized by finitely many characteristics. We assume that the DM and the ISs have their own perception of the available alternatives. These perceptions are reflected by the evaluations provided for the characteristics of the alternatives and the order of importance assigned to the characteristics. Due to these subjective components, the DM may not envision the exact alternative that an IS describes, even when a complete description of the alternative is provided. These subjective biases are common in the literature analyzing the effect of framing on the behavior of the DMs. This paper provides a normative setting illustrating how the DMs should consider these differences in perception when interacting with other DMs. We design an evaluation criterion that allows the DM to generate a reliability ranking on the set of ISs and, hence, to quantify the likelihood of choosing any alternative. This ranking is based on the existing differences between the preference order of the DM and those of the ISs. Our results constitute a novel approach to choice and search under uncertainty that enhances the findings of the expected utility literature. We provide several examples to demonstrate the applicability of the method proposed and exhibit the efficacy of the ranking criterion designed.",Decision analysis | Expected utility | Multi-attribute alternative | Ordinal ranking | Subjective description | Subjective perception,Information Sciences,2015-10-01,Article,"Tavana, Madjid;Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861069852,10.1109/CRIWG.2000.885153,Expectations towards the adoption of workflow systems: The results of a case study,"A range of H&S hazards exist relative to excavations. Furthermore, excavations occur in the elements and are exposed to a range of non-activity influences such as passing vehicles. Excavations also impact on the stability of adjacent structures and buildings, and temporary plant. International research indicates the primary barriers to excavation H&S to be: casual attitude; failure to provide trench protection; lack of daily inspections by competent persons; lack of training; inadequate enforcement, and costs. The paper reports on a study conducted among excavation H&S seminar delegates using a structured questionnaire. Selected findings include: barricading is ranked first in terms of the frequency interventions are undertaken relative to excavations, and scientific design of shoring last; relative to excavations the South African construction industry is rated below average relative to geo-technical reports, training, education, design of shoring, and culture; the South African construction industry is rated marginally below average in terms of excavation H&S, time pressure predominates in terms of barriers to excavation H&S; excavation H&S requires a multi-stakeholder effort, and excavation H&S training predominates in terms of the extent interventions could contribute to an improvement in excavation H&S. Conclusions include: a scientific approach is not adopted relative to excavation H&S; a multi-stakeholder effort is required, and education and training is a pre-requisite for improving excavation H&S.",Excavations | Health and safety,"Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2010 - Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Smallwood, John J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861039850,10.3102/0013189X032001009,Design experiments in educational research,"This study aims to develop a physiological information system for monitoring human reliability in man-machine systems. The mental state of a worker, such as autonomic nervous activity, is evaluated using pupil diameter. In this study, two kinds of experiments are carried out. The former experiment is to investigate the relation between the change of pupil diameter and time pressure. On the other hand, it is investigated that the relation between the change of pupil diameter and resource pressure in the latter experiment. As well, in this experiment the Event- Related Potentials (ERP) obtained from electroencephalogram (EEG) as a quantitative index are measured to evaluate mental workload. It was found that (1) measurement of pupil diameter is an effective indicator of autonomic nervous activity, (2) based on the results of electroencephalogram, the amplitude of event-related potentials are dependent on mental workload. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.",,Ergonomic Trends from the East - Proceedings of Ergomic Trends from the East,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yamanaka, Kimihiro;Kawakami, Mitsuyuki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907009779,10.3233/IFS-141120,Making use: scenario-based design of human-computer interactions,"The purpose of evidence inference is to judge truth values of the environment states under uncertain observations. This has been modeled as mathematical problems, using Bayesian inference, Dempster-Shafer theory, etc. After formalizing judgment processes in evidence inference, we found that the judgment process under uncertainty can be modeled as a Bayesian game of subjective belief and objective evidence. Another, the rational judgment involves a perfect Nash equilibrium. Evidence equilibrium is the Nash equilibrium in judgment processes. It helps us to maximize the possibility to avoid bias, and minimize the requirement for evidence. This will be helpful for the dynamic analysis of uncertain data. In this paper, we provide an Expected k-Conviction (EkC) algorithm for the dynamic data analysis based on evidence equilibrium. The algorithm uses dynamic evidence election and combination to resolve the estimation of uncertainty with time constraint. Our experimental results demonstrate that the EkC algorithm has better efficiency compared with the static evidence combination approach, which will benefit realtime decision making and data fusion under uncertainty.",Bayesian game | data fusion | Dempster-Shafer | Nash equilibrium,Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Lin, Yong;Xu, Jiaqing;Makedon, Fillia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85162019288,,An overview of mobile ad hoc networks for the existing protocols and applications,"Communication between a speaker and hearer will be most efficient when both parties make accurate inferences about the other. We study inference and communication in a television game called Password, where speakers must convey secret words to hearers by providing one-word clues. Our working hypothesis is that human communication is relatively efficient, and we use game show data to examine three predictions. First, we predict that speakers and hearers are both considerate, and that both take the other's perspective into account. Second, we predict that speakers and hearers are calibrated, and that both make accurate assumptions about the strategy used by the other. Finally, we predict that speakers and hearers are collaborative, and that they tend to share the cognitive burden of communication equally. We find evidence in support of all three predictions, and demonstrate in addition that efficient communication tends to break down when speakers and hearers are placed under time pressure.",,"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 23: 24th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2010, NIPS 2010",2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yang;Kemp, Charles",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84948707055,10.1504/IJCAET.2016.073264,Winning cybersecurity one challenge at a time,"Since driving in haste influences traffic safety negatively, we try to identify its indicators automatically. At studying driving in haste in a driving simulator, the major issue is how to reproduce it and how to keep drivers in this state. We assumed that it could be replicated by driving under time pressure. Unfortunately, the literature did not discuss how to apply time pressure in the above context. Therefore, we applied time shortage in combination with various forms of motivation (competition, reward, etc.) as a replacement in a driving simulator. The effects of the different motivations were evaluated and compared in various laboratory settings. Our observation was that the applied forms of motivation did not result in significant difference. We concluded that the novelty of being in a driving simulator and imposing time shortage on task execution could jointly create a kind of haste situation, but it cannot be heavily influenced by the tested motivations.",Being in a hurry | Driver behaviour | Haste | Motivation | Time constraint | Time pressure,International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Rendón-Vélez, Elizabeth;Horváth, Imre;Van Der Vegte, Wilhelm Frederik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651515636,10.1109/THS.2010.5655051,"Meeting organisational needs and No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure assurance through balancing agile and formal usability testing results","Emergency response is an especially challenging domain for decision support, as often high-impact decisions must be made quickly, usually under high levels of uncertainty about the situation. The level of uncertainty and the time pressure require a new approach to using modelbased decision support tools during ongoing emergency events. This paper discusses the latest in a series of experiments examining the use of a decision-space visualization helping users identify the most robust options in response to complex emergency scenarios. The results provide additional insight into the value of decision-space information and option awareness for users working in complex, emerging, and uncertain task environments. © 2010 IEEE.",Decision support | Information visualization | Modeling and simulation | Option awareness,"2010 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security, HST 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Pfaff, Mark S.;Drury, Jill L.;Klein, Gary L.;More, Loretta;Moon, Sung Pil;Liu, Yikun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,There is nothing as practical as a good theory–an attempt to deal with the gap between design research and design practice,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995770387,,The parallelization design of reservoir numerical simulator,"There is a critical need to better understand the nuances of decision making in today's global business environment. The quality of decisions is importantly influenced by the personality traits and knowledge of the decision makers. We analyze the effect of those factors on confidence and quality of decisions taken in the context of supply chain management. Personality traits are defined through the Big Five personality traits model which has recently gained widespread reception. The data was gathered via an experiment in which a group of participants played an online supply chain simulation game where several decisions needed to be made during a span of one week. The results show that confidence in decision positively affects decision quality. Neuroticism and agreeableness negatively affect confidence in decision, while self-reported knowledge positively affects confidence in decision. Further work includes running more experiments in order to gain more data for verification of results and testing of additional hypotheses which could not be tested on the current data sample.",Behavioral experiment | Decision confidence | Decision making | Decision quality | Objective knowledge | Personality traits | Self-reported knowledge | Supply chain management,"24th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Erjavec, Jure;Zaheer Khan, Nadia;Trkman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952931939,10.1518/107118110X12829370089443,Using mdm-methods in order to improve managing of iterations in design processes,"Crisis management (CM) is a facet of command and control (C2) characterized by complexity and uncertainty, in addition to high time pressure. In order to meet the challenges of this kind of unpredictable crisis situations, teams must be able to adapt and coordinate in an effective way. The functional structure (i.e., each team member is allocated a unique functional role) is the most common in CM, but it is not necessarily the most efficient one. Structures that encourage independence and flexibility, like the cross-functional structure (i.e., team functions are shared across all team members), could promote much better performance in this kind of situations. We compared these two structures, functional and cross-functional, in a dynamic situation of CM. C3 Fire, a forest firefighting simulation, was used to compare team structure on the basis of performance (process gain), communication, coordination and adaptability. Cross-functional team structures presented a better process gain, a more efficient coordination, and less communication. Surprisingly, no differences were seen regarding adaptability. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dubé, Geneviève;Tremblay, Sébastien;Banbury, Simon;Rousseau, Vincent",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958700338,,An introduction to CMMI and its assessment procedure,"Because of the flourishing on computer network and information technology, the teaching model has changed from traditional methods and materials to computer assisted. Through the lively multimedia presentation and a variety of functions, the multimedia teaching tools reinforce the effect on learning to achieve effectiveness of teaching more with less. Whether the learning mechanism which use of a large number of multimedia teaching tools can make learners to achieve barrier-free, zero-stress state of the most effective learning? This study proposed building a model by means of ""Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations"" theory (InlinPreRa), when educators choose a number of multimedia teaching tools; they not only can predict the best choice based on the object standards amongst multiple criteria and alternatives, but can avoid making rough decisions because of time pressure, lacking of complete information or professional knowledge.",Decision making | InlinPreRa | Multi-criteria Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations | Multimedia teaching tools,International Conference on Applied Computer Science - Proceedings,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Peng, Shu Chen;Wu, Chao Yen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952946006,10.1518/107118110X12829369832809,Automated testing for sql injection vulnerabilities: An input mutation approach,"Based on research in the emergency management and military domains this paper reports on research and development of theories, methods and tools for modeling, analysis and assessment of performance in precarious time-critical situations and missions. We describe case studies, field studies, and experiments using a combined systems theory, Cognitive Systems Engineering and psychophysiology framework. We performed identification, modeling, and synthesis of Joint Tactical Cognitive Systems, and their inherent command, control, and intelligence activities. The dynamics of tactical missions are of a specific nature, and determined and forward exploitation and control of these real-time, safety-critical operational dynamics are vital for success in a wartime or disaster scenario. We found significant relations between workload, time pressure, catecholamine levels in saliva samples, and cognitive complexity. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Norlander, Arne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011422904,10.1016/j.im.2017.01.006,ADRES: An architecture with tightly coupled VLIW processor and coarse-grained reconfigurable matrix,"We developed an experimental decision support system (DSS) that enabled us to manipulate DSS performance feedback and response time, measure task motivation and DSS motivation, track the usage of the DSS, and obtain essential information for assessing decision performance through conjoint analysis. The results suggest the mediating role of DSS use in the relationship between DSS motivation and decision performance. Further, DSS motivation is highest in the presence of high task motivation, more positive DSS performance feedback, and fast DSS response time. The findings have important implications for both DSS research and practice.",Decision performance | DSS motivation | DSS performance feedback | DSS response time | DSS use | Task motivation,Information and Management,2017-11-01,Article,"Chan, Siew H.;Song, Qian;Sarker, Saonee;Plumlee, R. David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052718105,10.4324/9781315276298,"Pleasure, power and technology: Some tales of gender, engineering, and the cooperative workplace","In recent years, large railroad work projects have been started in Finland to upgrade the capacity of line sections. The control of train traffic is a critical function when managing safe and efficient use of the track during extensive railroad work. Train traffic control centres are complex dynamic work environments with many interactions between parties including railroad contractors, stations, and train drivers. The objective of this study was twofold: first, to understand the cognitive demands of the train traffic controller's task during railroad construction work, and second, to evaluate the prerequisites established by the organizations to perform the task safely. In 2009, the first part of the study focused on the train traffic controller's task. In 2010, the challenging task of managing safe and efficient use of the track and performing the railroad work safely and on time was studied from the constructors' point of view. An empirical study and data collection on the task of train traffic controllers were conducted in the Eastern Finland Traffic Control Centre. The cognitive task analysis (CTA) and analysis of situation awareness (SA) requirements were conducted to elicit the cognitive demands placed on the controllers during their work. A total of six train traffic controllers, three novices and three experts, participated in the field study. Twenty-five others, representing regulators, supervisors, planning engineers, project leaders, project controllers, builders, and construction workers were also interviewed. Several methods were used for data collection: video recording, think-aloud sessions with videos and photographs, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and site visits. There were several demanding elements in the controller's tasks: continuous anticipation of future situations, time pressure in decision making based on uncertain information, heavy working memory load, heavy communication and coordination demands sometimes involving more than ten construction work teams, unexpected changes in track usage, various disturbances, difficulties complying with all the recently changed regulations and work instructions in dynamic situations. The controllers had developed their own strategies for facing multiple demands, especially during rush hours. In an extensive railroad project there are many contracts and contractors, each having tight schedules. Critical difficulties have arisen especially from design documents being delayed or imperfect. More explicitness was desired for managing multi-contract railroad work. Regular project meetings that all parties participate in have been found absolutely the most effective in promoting both occupational and train traffic safety in extensive projects. Due to the high task demands and changes in organizations, various development targets were identified from organizational functions. For example, contractor management and the practices of issuing work instructions should be developed to better support the traffic controllers' work. On the other hand, organizations had initiated several developmental programmes to offer better support. In the management of railroad work contractors, new safety training and requirements were introduced. Systematic risk assessment and management were trained and implemented into railroad work processes. Co-operative coordination and information sharing forums were developed for better work management between the traffic controllers and contractors. Still, both the quality and accuracy of timing in design work need improvement. The interrelationships between concurrent tasks contracted out should be better managed to facilitate assessing whether the track is in condition for full practice or whether traffic restrictions are required. It is also recommended that evaluation be continued on the safety management systems and safety cultures of all organizations taking part in creating the prerequisites to perform railroad construction work safely. It is important to understand how different organizational support functions should be developed in order to ensure safe work. Copyright © VTT 2010.",,VTT Tiedotteita - Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus,2010-12-01,Article,"Haavisto, Marja Leena;Ruuhilehto, Kaarin;Oedewald, Pia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Flexibility implementation in construction process engineering,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751686099,10.1109/IEEM.2010.5674160,A knowledge-based decision support system for the management of parts and tools in FMS,"Companies operating in the industrial sector are increasingly outsourcing some of their operations to provider companies. Outsourcing involves external workforces and workplaces and forms new kinds of work communities with complex relationships between different performers. The new operating environment introduces safety problems, which are particularly difficult to manage for providers that commonly operate with several customers in varying worksites. This paper discusses the results of a literature review focusing on the safety management problems encountered by industrial service providers. The factors most commonly mentioned as problems for service providers in management of safety are ignoring tendering systems, divergences in customers and worksites, time pressures, poor resource available for implementation of safety measures, unclear responsibilities, dangerous work tasks, inadequate communication, and insufficiencies in hazard identification. Even though several problems have been identified, the practical means presented to improve safety by the provider companies are still exiguous. ©2010 IEEE.",Industry | Outsourcing | Safety management | Service provider | Shared workplace,IEEM2010 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nenonen, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649442102,10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.003,EMG-based analysis of change in muscle activity during simulated driving,"The present study quantitatively explored the effects of mothers' perceived time pressure, as well as meal-related variables including mothers' convenience orientation and meal preparation confidence, on the healthiness of evening meals served to school-aged children (5-18 years old) over a 7-day period. A sample of 120 employed mothers, who identified themselves as the chief meal-preparers in their households, completed a brief, self-report, meal-related questionnaire. Results revealed that mothers' perceived time pressure did not significantly predict meal healthiness. Mothers' confidence in their ability to prepare a healthy meal was the only unique, significant predictor of a healthy evening meal. Mothers who were more confident in their ability to prepare a healthy meal served healthier evening meals than those who were less confident. In addition, mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation were negatively related to healthy meal preparation confidence. Results suggest that mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation, may indirectly compromise meal healthiness, by decreasing mothers' meal preparation confidence. Practical and theoretical implications of the study's findings are discussed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.",Children's diets | Convenience orientation | Employed mothers | Healthy meals | Meal preparation confidence | Obesity | Time pressure,Appetite,2010-12-01,Article,"Beshara, Monica;Hutchinson, Amanda;Wilson, Carlene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79951824843,10.1109/ICDMA.2010.42,Temporal logics and real time expert systems,"In industry the line dispensing system has been widely used to squeeze the adhesive fluid in a syringe onto boards or substrates with the pressurized air. For consistent dispensing, it is vital to have a robust dispensing system insensitive to operation condition variation. To address this issue, much research effort has been done. However, a systematic design approach to determine an optimal operation condition for line dispensing is not available. This paper presents such a method by means of robust design. In particular, all kinds of the quantities involved in the dispensing task is classified in the framework of model-based robust design. By this approach, a robust design method for line dispensing can be developed. The results show that line dispensing performance robustness can be improved by choosing the appropriate system parameters. Simulations performed thereafter validate the effectiveness of the method. © 2010 IEEE.",Line dispensing | Robust design | Time-pressure dispensing,"Proceedings - 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation, ICDMA 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Yi Xiang;Chen, Xin Du",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1007/978-3-540-78431-9_8,"Misunderstandings in global virtual engineering teams: Definitions, causes, and guidelines for knowledge sharing and interaction","Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928610208,10.1080/00140139.2010.532882,Advances in food extrusion technology,"This study provides insight into the inconsistent findings on the impact of task complexity on performance by identifying the mediating role of task motivation in the effect of task complexity on DSS motivation and the interactive impact of DSS motivation and DSS use on performance. A research model is proposed to test the mediating and interaction hypotheses. One hundred participants use an experimental DSS application designed for the purpose of this study to complete a rating and selection task. Participants are randomly assigned to a high or low task motivation condition and a high or low task complexity condition. The DSS measures incorporates the accurate additive difference compensatory decision strategy, cognitive effort associated with use of this effortful strategy is attenuated. The partial mediating effect suggests that enhanced task motivation explains the positive effect of task complexity on DSS motivation. In addition, the results reveal that increased DSS use and enhanced DSS motivation lead to improved performance. The results have important implications for DSS research and practice.",DSS motivation | DSS use | Performance | Task complexity | Task motivation,"Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Chan, Siew H.;Song, Qian;Yao, Lee J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85025803552,10.1109/SEmotion.2017.11,Simulation for Training With the Autosuture TM Endo StitchTM Device,"During the past few years, psychological diseases related to unhealthy work environments, such as burnouts, have drawn more and more public attention. One of the known causes of these affective problems is time pressure. In order to form a theoretical background for time pressure detection in software repositories, this paper combines interdisciplinary knowledge by analyzing 1270 papers found on Scopus database and containing terms related to time pressure. By clustering those papers based on their abstract, we show that time pressure has been widely studied across different fields, but relatively little in software engineering. From a literature review of the most relevant papers, we infer a list of testable hypotheses that we want to verify in future studies in order to assess the impact of time pressures on software developers' mental health.",deadline pressure | Job demands-resources model | Software engineering | speed-accuracy tradeoff | time pressure | topic analysis,"Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering, SEmotion 2017",2017-06-28,Conference Paper,"Kuutila, Miikka;Mantyla, Mika V.;Claes, Maelick;Elovainio, Marko",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Tool support for an automatic transformation of GRAFCET specifications into IEC 61131-3 control code,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78149258783,10.1145/1852786.1852804,On-line evolution of robust control systems: an industrial active magnetic bearing application,"Although Scrum is an important topic in software engineering and information systems, few longitudinal industrial studies have investigated the effects of Scrum on software quality, in terms of defects and defect density, and the quality assurance process. In this paper we report on a longitudinal study in which we have followed a project over a three-year period. We compared software quality assurance processes and software defects of the project between a 17-month phase with a plan-driven process, followed by a 20-month phase with Scrum. The results of the study did not show a significant reduction of defect densities or changes of defect profiles after Scrum was used. However, the iterative nature of Scrum resulted in constant system and acceptance testing and related defect fixing, which made the development process more efficient in terms of fewer surprises and better control of software quality and release date. In addition, software quality and knowledge sharing got more focus when using Scrum. However, Scrum put more stress and time pressure on the developers, and made them reluctant to perform certain tasks for later maintenance, such as refactoring. © 2010 ACM.",agile software development | empirical software engineering | software quality,ESEM 2010 - Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2010-11-12,Conference Paper,"Li, Jingyue;Moe, Nils B.;Dybå, Tore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349297179,10.1509/jmkg.74.6.94,Pattern-based interactive diagnosis of multiple disorders: The MEDAS system,"Marketing planners often use geographical information systems (GISs) to help identify suitable retail locations, regionally distribute advertising campaigns, and target direct marketing activities. Geographical information systems thematic maps facilitate the visual assessment of map regions. A broad set of alternative symbolizations, such as circles, bars, or shading, can be used to visually represent quantitative geospatial data on such maps. However, there is little knowledge on which kind of symbolization is the most adequate in which problem situation. In a large-scale experimental study, the authors show that the type of symbolization strongly influences decision performance. The findings indicate that graduated circles are appropriate symbolizations for geographical information systems thematic maps, and their successful utilization seems to be virtually Independent of personal characteristics, such as spatial ability and map experience. This makes circle symbolizations particularly suitable for effective decision making and cross-functional communication. © 2010, American Marketing Association.",Cartograms | Data visualization | Geographical information systems thematic maps | Spatial marketing decisions | Symbolization,Journal of Marketing,2010-11-01,Article,"Ozimec, Ana Marija;Natter, Martin;Reutterer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956175949,10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.04.005,Finding a New Way to Increase Project Management Efficiency in Terms of Time Reduction,"Background: Global nursing shortages have exacerbated time pressure and burnout among nurses. Despite the well-established correlation between burnout and patient safety, no studies have addressed how time pressure among nurses and patient safety are related and whether burnout moderates such a relation. Objectives: This study investigated how time pressure and the interaction of time pressure and nursing burnout affect patient safety. Design-setting participants: This cross-sectional study surveyed 458 nurses in 90 units of two medical centres in northern Taiwan. Methods: Nursing burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Scale. Patient safety was inversely measured by six items on frequency of adverse events. Time pressure was measured by five items. Regressions were used for the analysis. Results: While the results of regression analyses suggest that time pressure did not significantly affect patient safety (β=-.01, p>.05), time pressure and burnout had an interactive effect on patient safety (β=-.08, p<.05). Specifically, for nurses with high burnout (n=223), time pressure was negatively related to patient safety (β=-.10, p<.05). Conclusion: Time pressure adversely affected patient safety for nurses with a high level of burnout, but not for nurses with a low level of burnout. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.",Burnout | Hospital nurse | Interactive effects | Patient safety | Time pressure,International Journal of Nursing Studies,2010-11-01,Article,"Teng, Ching I.;Shyu, Yea Ing Lotus;Chiou, Wen Ko;Fan, Hsiao Chi;Lam, Si Man",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955065455,10.1145/1869397.1869402,Status and Needs of power electronics for photovoltaic inverters: Summary Document,"Forces involved in modern conflicts may be exposed to a variety of threats, including coordinated raids of advanced ballistic and cruise missiles. To respond to these, a defending force will rely on a set of combat resources. Determining an efficient allocation and coordinated use of these resources, particularly in the case of multiple simultaneous attacks, is a very complex decision-making process in which a huge amount of data must be dealt with under uncertainty and time pressure. This article presents CORALS (COmbat Resource ALlocation Support), a real-time planner developed to support the command team of a naval force defending against multiple simultaneous threats. In response to such multiple threats, CORALS uses a local planner to generate a set of local plans, one for each threat considered apart, and then combines and coordinates them into a single optimized, conflict-free global plan. The coordination is performed through an iterative process of plan merging and conflict detection and resolution, which acts as a plan repair mechanism. Such an incremental plan repair approach also allows adapting previously generated plans to account for dynamic changes in the tactical situation. © 2010 ACM.",Anti-air defense operations | Decision support | Planning,ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology,2010-11-01,Article,"Benaskeur, Abder Rezak;Kabanza, Froduald;Beaudry, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958543649,10.1089/lap.2012.0150,Evaluating mental workload of two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization for anatomical structure localization,"In face of intense competitions and time pressure, card issuers need to not only engage in long-term credit relationship management but also evade potential risks of default in time. Since the databases that banks use for analysis of cardholders' payment behaviors is usually large and complicated, and the extant classification techniques do not offer high classification accuracy, prediction of cardholders' future payment behavior remains a difficult task in the present. Accordingly, most banks do not launch debt collection operations until occurrence of default and thus need to bear an unnecessary waste of costs. This paper attempts to construct a two-stage cardholder behavioral scoring model. Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are first applied to construct the first-stage classification models. By comparing the overall classification accuracy rate the optimal customer classification model is obtained. Later, the important variables selected by the classification model are used as the input and output variables in the second-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA). We then feed back the derived efficiency values to the classification model to verify its previously classified results. Unlike most literatures of DEA which focus on evaluation of overall management performance, we initiatively apply DEA to evaluation of individual behavior scoring to help banks reduce the cost of potential misclassification of customers. For inefficient customers, we can also provide directions on improvement of individual customers to further increase their efficiency and contribution.","Artificial neural networks (ANNs) | Behavioral scoring, data mining | Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) | Data envelopment analysis (DEA)","Proceeding - 6th International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management, NCM 2010",2010-11-01,Conference Paper,"I-Fei, Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958135083,,"Assessing software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure by program clustering and defect prediction","The article offers a definition of the category ""economic time pressure"" and classifies kinds of economic time pressure; the influence of economic time pressure upon the enterprise performance is analyzed; methodics for the analysis and neutralization of the economic time pressure influence upon enterprise activities is carried out.",Economic time pressure | Innovative-investment development | The enterprise performance results,Actual Problems of Economics,2010-10-27,Article,"Turylo, A. M.;Zinchenko, O. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957949056,10.1145/1841853.1841889,The acceptance of visual information in management,"We report a study using retrospective analysis to understand American and Chinese participants' feelings and reactions on a moment-by-moment basis during an interaction. Participants talked about a fictional crime story together and then individually watched and reflected on an audio-video recording of the interaction. A grounded theory analysis of participants' reflections suggested five key themes: fluency, nonverbal behavioral cues, time pressure, conversational dominance, and attributions for team performance. Copyright 2010 ACM.",CMC | Cross-culture communication | Retrospective analysis,"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Intercultural Collaboration, ICIC '10",2010-10-21,Conference Paper,"Nguyen, Duyen;Fussell, Susan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82255191277,10.1177/0022002711414370,Time to Agree: Is Time Pressure Good for Peace Negotiations?,"This article explores the impact of time pressure on negotiation processes in territorial conflicts in the post-cold war era. While it is often argued that time pressure can help generate positive momentum in peace negotiations and help break deadlocks, extensive literature also suggests that perceived time shortage can have a negative impact on the cognitive processes involved in complex, intercultural negotiations. The analysis explores these hypotheses through a comparison of sixty-eight episodes of negotiation using fuzzy-set logic, a form of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The conclusions confirm that time pressure can, in certain circumstances, be associated with broad agreements but also that only low levels of time pressure or its absence are associated with durable settlements. The analysis also suggests that the negative effect of time pressure on negotiations is particularly relevant in the presence of complex decision making and when a broad range of debated issues is at stake. © The Author(s) 2011.",deadlines | peace processes | summits | time pressure,Journal of Conflict Resolution,2011-10-01,Article,"Pinfari, Marco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013460066,10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00092-5,Solution patterns of software engineering for the system design of advanced mechatronic systems,"The effect of user involvement on system success is an important topic yet empirical results have been controversial. Many methodological and theoretical differences among prior studies have been suggested as possible causes for inconsistent findings. This research is an attempt to resolve inconsistent data despite differences that may exist in prior studies. Data from 25 studies were meta-analyzed to test the separate effects of user participation and user involvement on six system success variables. Results showed that user participation had a moderate positive correlation with four success measures: system quality, use, user satisfaction, and organizational impact. The correlation between user participation and individual impact was minimum. User involvement generally had a larger correlation with system success than did user participation. Overall, these findings indicate that both user involvement and user participation are beneficial, but the magnitude of these benefits much depends on how involvement and its effect are defined.",Meta-analysis | System success | User involvement | User participation,Information and Management,1999-04-05,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Thorn, Ron G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449253934,10.1017/s1930297500001285,The implementation of framework for edutainment: Educational games customization tool,"An important open problem is how values are compared to make simple choices. A natural hypothesis is that the brain carries out the computations associated with the value comparisons in a manner consistent with the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM), since this model has been able to account for a large amount of data in other domains. We investigated the ability of four different versions of the DDM to explain the data in a real binary food choice task under conditions of high and low time pressure. We found that a seven-parameter version of the DDM can account for the choice and reaction time data with high-accuracy, in both the high and low time pressure conditions. The changes associated with the introduction of time pressure could be traced to changes in two key model parameters: the barrier height and the noise in the slope of the drift process.",Drift-diffusion model | Response time | Value-based choice,Judgment and Decision Making,2010-01-01,Article,"Milosavljevic, Milica;Malmaud, Jonathan;Huth, Alexander;Koch, Christof;Rangel, Antonio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032630277,10.1177/016555159902500305,Mold filling simulation for predicting gas porosity,"The impact of information load (both under and overload) on decision quality is an important topic, yet results of empirical research are inconsistent. These mixed results may be due to the fact that information load itself is a function of information dimension. A meta-analysis of 31 experiments reported in 18 empirical bankruptcy prediction studies was conducted to test the effect of two information dimensions: information diversity and information repetitiveness. Results indicated that both information dimensions have an adverse impact on decision quality: provision of either diverse or repeated information can be detrimental to prediction accuracy. The findings have implications for information suppliers and researchers who are interested in improving the quality of human decision making.",,Journal of Information Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986149626,10.1108/02686900310495151,Gaining flexibility and compliance in rescue processes with BPM,"While financial reporting fraud has become more prevalent and costly in recent years, fraud detection has been badly lagging. Several recent studies have examined the feasibility of various computer techniques in business and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of an integrated fuzzy neural network (FNN) for fraud detection. The FNN developed in this research outperformed most statistical models and artificial neural networks (ANN) reported in prior studies. Its performance also compared favorably with a baseline Logit model, especially in the prediction of fraud cases. © 2003, MCB UP Limited",Decision-support systems | Financial reporting | Fraud | Fuzzy logic | Neural nets | Risk assessment,Managerial Auditing Journal,2003-11-01,Article,"Lin, Jerry W.;Hwang, Mark I.;Becker, Jack D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862779114,10.1016/j.chb.2011.12.014,Reliability evaluation of service-oriented architecture systems considering fault-tolerance designs,"New business models and applications have been continuously developed and popularized on the Internet. In recent years, a number of applications including blogs, Facebook, iGoogle, Plurk, Twitter, and YouTube known as Web 2.0 have become very popular. These aforementioned applications all have a strong social flavor. However, what social factors exert an influence onto their use is still unclear and remains as a research issue to be further investigated. This research studies four social factors and they are subjective norm, image, critical mass, and electronic word-of-mouth. A causal model of the satisfaction and continuance intention of Web 2.0 users as a function of these four social factors is proposed. Results indicate that user satisfaction with Web 2.0 applications significantly affects electronic word-of-mouth, which in turn significantly influences their continuance intention. In addition, subjective norm, image and critical mass all have a significant impact onto satisfaction, which in turn has an indirect significant influence on electronic word-of-mouth. Finally, all social factors have a significant direct impact on continuance intention. Finally, implications for service providers and researchers are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Critical mass | Electronic word-of-mouth | Image | Satisfaction | Subjective norm | Web 2.0,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-05-01,Article,"Chen, Shih Chih;Yen, David C.;Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957687153,10.1073/pnas.1004932107,An introduction to assertion-based verification,"When people make decisions they often face opposing demands for response speed and response accuracy, a process likely mediated by response thresholds. According to the striatal hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by increasing activation from cortex to striatum, releasing the brain from inhibition. According to the STN hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by decreasing activation from cortex to subthalamic nucleus (STN); a decrease in STN activity is likewise thought to release the brain from inhibition and result in responses that are fast but error-prone. To test these hypotheses - both of which may be true - we conducted two experiments on perceptual decision making in which we used cues to vary the demands for speed vs. accuracy. In both experiments, behavioral data and mathematical model analyses confirmed that instruction from the cue selectively affected the setting of response thresholds. In the first experiment we used ultra-high-resolution 7T structural MRI to locate the STN precisely. We then used 3T structural MRI and probabilistic tractography to quantify the connectivity between the relevant brain areas. The results showed that participants who flexibly change response thresholds (as quantified by the mathematical model) have strong structural connections between presupplementary motor area and striatum. This result was confirmed in an independent second experiment. In general, these findings show that individual differences in elementary cognitive tasks are partly driven by structural differences in brain connectivity. Specifically, these findings support a cortico-striatal control account of how the brain implements adaptiveswitches between cautious and risky behavior.",Basal ganglia | Response time model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Structural connectivity | Subthalamic nucleus,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010-09-07,Article,"Forstmann, Birte U.;Anwander, Alfred;Schäfer, Andreas;Neumann, Jane;Brown, Scott;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Bogacz, Rafal;Turner, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57449104536,10.1080/08874417.2008.11645305,An empirical investigation: software errors and their influence upon development of WPADT,"Data warehousing is an important area of practice and research, yet few studies have assessed its practices in general and critical success factors in particular. Although plenty of guidelines for implementation exist, few have been subjected to empirical testing. Furthermore, no model is available for comparing and evaluating the various claims made in different studies. In order to better understand the critical success factors and their effects on data warehousing success, a research model is developed in this paper. This model is useful for comparing findings across studies and for selecting variables for future research. The model is tested using data collected from a cross sectional survey of data warehousing professionals. Partial Least Square (PLS) is used to validate the structural relations identified in the model. The resulting model has three groups of success factors. Technical factor is found to positively influence information quality, whereas both operational and economic factors have a positive effect on system quality. Structural relations are also found among the dependent variables. System quality positively influences information quality, which in turn positively affects individual benefits. Individual benefits in turn has a positive relation with organizational benefits.",Critical success factors | Data warehousing | Information systems success | Modeling,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Xu, Hongjiang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85001863269,10.4018/irmj.2000040103,A review of issue analysis in open source software development,"This study was conducted to create a knowledge base for MIS research. Building on two previous theoretical models, a systems success model relating six independent variables (external environment, organizational environment, user environment, IS operations environment, IS development environment, and information systems) to four success variables (use, satisfaction, individual impact, and organizational impact) was developed. This model was tested using data from 82 empirical studies in a meta-analysis. Results showed that all but one independent variable, external environment, had a significant relationship with success variables. In addition, each independent variable had varying strengths of relationships with different success variables. The findings yield important guidelines for the selection of variables in future research. The validated systems success model is general and theory based, and is useful in providing directions for future research. © 2000, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),2000-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Windsor, John C.;Pryor, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0004796148,10.1145/264417.264433,Experts ponder effect of pressures on shuttle blowup,"Meta-analysis involves the use of statistical procedures to integrate research findings across studies. Although it has been warmly embraced in those fields in which experiments are widely used, its application by MIS researchers is very limited. This research explores issues that are important to the conduct and evaluation of metaanalysis. The paper shows that meta-analysis has important advantages over traditional reviews. The potential application of meta-analysis in research integration and theory development and testing is discussed. The use of metaanalysis in MIS research in the past is reviewed. Opportunities for increased use of meta-analysis in the future are investigated. Limitations and potential problems of meta-analysis are discussed to facilitate the evaluation of metaanalysis results. With these issues clarified, this research should increase the interest of MIS researchers in meta-analysis and its applications. © 1996, Author. All rights reserved.",meta-analysis | research methods,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,1996-02-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976777634,10.1145/109022.109023,User's Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program),"This research uses meta---analysis, a quantitative literature review technique, to integrate and combine the results fromseveral presentation format studies. The motivation behind this research is twofold: the conflicting research results found in the literature, and the lack of a cumulative body of knowledge. Meta---analysis is a research technique that provides a means for cumulating research findings across studies. In addition, meta-analysis can resolve differences found in previous studies by isolating the effect of moderator variables. This research found very strong evidence of the existence of one moderator variable, task complexity, which may have resulted in reported inconsistencies from prior presentation format research. Furthermore, an inverted “U---shaped” curve may explain the relationship between the effectiveness of graphs and task complexity. Specifically, using graphical data achieves better decision---making performance when the task is moderately complex. When the task complexity is either too low or too high, there is no performance difference between graphical and tabular presentation formats. © 1991, ACM. All rights reserved.",,ACM SIGMIS Database,1991-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.H.;Wu, Bruce J.P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949874829,10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.006,Electromagnetic Interference-Student Project Labotatory,"This paper presents an initial test of the group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model of group task performance among IT students. We theorize that demands and resources in group work influence formation of perceived group work pressure (GWP) and that heightened levels of GWP inhibit group task performance. A prior study identified 11 factors relating to the task, group, individual, or environment as source factors to GWP. We extended this research by creating and validating scales for each source factor within an integrated GWP instrument. We then applied the instrument in an initial test of the GTD-R model. Results show the GTD-R model provides good predictions of GWP and group task performance. In addition we find GWP, task complexity, and time pressure factors to be higher in IT tasks vs. non-IT tasks described by our student participants. The findings extend demands-resources research from its prior focus on job burnout and exhaustion in individual tasks to incorporate less-intense pressure levels and group task contexts. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Consequences | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,Computers and Education,2010-08-01,Article,"Wilson, E. Vance;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002010781,10.1016/S0305-0483(97)00047-9,Investigating the impact of human and organizational factors on complex industrial project,"This research was undertaken to resolve inconsistent findings on the effectiveness of group support systems (GSS) by investigating the effect of task type, which is, arguably, the most important moderator variable. A qualitative review of the literature was conducted to identify task dimensions that may explain the impact of task type on the effectiveness of GSS. The relationship between task dimension and group outcome was examined. Hypotheses were then developed to predict the effectiveness of GSS in supporting the performance of various tasks. These hypotheses were statistically tested using data from 28 experimental studies in a meta-analysis. Results showed that the impact of task type was dependent on how GSS effectiveness was measured. Task type had a significant impact favoring generation tasks when GSS effectiveness was measured by improved communication, member satisfaction, and decision speed. GSS effectiveness as measured by improved decision quality and member participation was not a function of task type. The significant findings on the effect of task type point out the task dimensions that system designers should consider in order to increase the effectiveness of GSS. These findings also have implications for future GSS research in the control and measurement of the effect of task type and in the measurement of GSS effectiveness. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Decision support systems | Group decision support systems (GDSS) | Group support systems (GSS) | Meta-analysis,Omega,1998-02-12,Article,"Hwang, M. I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904661121,10.1108/CMS-09-2011-0079,Effect of Singing Dancing on Mental Workload to Pencantingan Task of Batik Buketan Motive,"Purpose: This paper aims to test the relationships among three important variables in the management of Chinese employees: personality trait, job performance and job satisfaction. A causal model is developed to hypothesize how personality trait affects job performance and satisfaction and how job performance and satisfaction simultaneously affect each other. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was conducted from October to November 2009. In total, 414 questionnaires were distributed and 392 were returned. Using data collected, the theoretical model is empirically validated. Structural equation modelling using LISREL 8.8 is used to test the causal model. Findings: Job performance and job satisfaction have a bilateral relationship that is simultaneously influential. All Big Five personality traits significantly influence job performance, with agreeableness showing the greatest effect, followed by extraversion. Extraversion is the only personality trait that shows a significant influence over job satisfaction. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the inconsistent findings of causal relationship between job performance and job satisfaction in previous studies. Another contribution is testing the effect of personality traits on job performance and job satisfaction in a simultaneous reciprocal model. A hybrid theory of expectance and equity is advanced in this study to explain the results. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Big five personality traits | Job performance | Job satisfaction | Personality | Simultaneous reciprocal influences,Chinese Management Studies,2014-01-01,Article,"Yang, Cheng Liang;Hwang, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80455178573,10.1057/ejis.2011.12,COTS and military CCIS,"Meta-analysis has been increasingly used as a knowledge cumulation tool by IS researchers. In recent years many meta-analysts have conducted moderator analyses in an attempt to develop and test theories. These studies suffer from several methodological problems and, as a result, may have contributed to rather than resolved inconsistent research findings. For example, a previous meta-analysis reports that task interdependence moderates the effect of top management support to render it a non-critical component in systems implementation projects when task interdependence is low. We show that this conclusion is the result of uncorrected measurement error and an erroneous application of a fixed effects regression analysis. We discuss other pitfalls in the detection and confirmation of moderators including the use of the Q statistic and significance tests. Our recommended approach is to break the sample into subgroups and compare their credibility and confidence intervals. This approach is illustrated in a re-analysis of the top management support literature. Our results indicate that top management support is important in both high and low task interdependence groups and in fact may be equally important in both groups. Guidelines are developed to help IS researchers properly conduct moderator analyses in future meta-analytic studies. © 2011 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",IS implementation | management support | meta-analysis | moderator | systems success,European Journal of Information Systems,2011-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Schmidt, Frank L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878283483,10.1109/SYSTEMS.2010.5482483,Performance of the Hal/S Flight Computer Compiler,"Mergers and acquisitions are important business strategy for growth. Many mergers and acquisitions have failed, however, due to a mismatch between strategic, organizational, and increasingly, information systems factors. Given that a large number of enterprise systems have been deployed in the last decade, their integration post merger is crucial to organizations that pursue mergers and acquisition as a growth strategy. This paper discusses issues that are important to the integration of information systems in a merger and acquisition environment. The need for information systems fit is emphasized; the role of information systems plays and its involvement in the integration life cycle are elaborated. An information systems integration success model is discussed and issues related to enterprise systems integration are presented. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for enterprise systems integration for companies to position themselves favorably in the merger and acquisition environment.",enterprise resource planning | Enterprise systems | mergers and acquisitions | systems integration,"10th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2004",2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650964412,,Evaluation of the Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination Project,"Translating and interpreting skills play a vital role in ensuring that team members of an engineering project can communicate effectively and in providing both partners and equipment users with manuals, instructions, operating software, and other materials in their own language. Translation requirements are all too often left until the last minute, putting time pressure on those required to get to grips with a raft of documentation and complex technical terms. While imprecise statements and even ambiguities can sometimes pass muster in the original language, the process of translation can bring them to light. Without adequate time or prior knowledge of the subject, translators often struggle to provide precise and accurate materials on time. Translators often help engineers to explain and accurately identify in their native language concepts used in software and referred to in user guides. If these points can be raised early in the project, it helps to clarify and establish consistent translations for international project teams.",,Engineer,2010-07-12,Short Survey,"Kelly, Dominick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036758783,10.1080/08874417.2002.11647063,Design for six sigma,"While data warehousing (DW) has emerged as a key component of many organizations information systems, few studies have assessed companies' DW practices. This research examines a range of DW development and management issues. Data collected from more than two dozen large companies suggest that the DW concept has been implemented quite differently across enterprises, and that DW practices are still at an early stage of development. The results are also compared across two different DW architecture types, the hub & spoke and federated data mart approaches. This analysis suggests that the choice of architecture appears to have an important effect on a number of DW development and management measures. The results of this study should be useful to companies looking to initiate or expand their DW operations and to researchers in understanding the current scope and operations of companies' data warehousing efforts.",,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2002-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark;Cappel, James J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008238161,10.4018/irmj.1995070103,Is case method instruction due for an overhaul,"Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. This research empirically tested the effects of presentation format, time pressure, and task complexity on decision performance. The objective was to determine the effective presentation format (graphics or tables) for the performance of tasks of varying complexities by decision makers under time pressure. Results showed that when time pressure was low, the effectiveness of the two presentation formats depended on the type and complexity of the task. With increasing time pressure graphics generally were found more advantageous. The findings add to the literature by showing the superiority of graphics over tables in supporting decision making under time pressure. © 1995, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),1995-07-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954160829,10.1080/09593969.2010.491202,On the performance of the HAL/S-FC compiler.[for space shuttles],"How shoppers view and evaluate individual retailers is critical due to extreme competition among firms that might carry similar products and brands. While considerable research has examined how satisfaction with purchased products and services affects retailers, retailer-related process satisfaction, and specifically evaluations of the retailers themselves, has not been included in many retail process frameworks. Therefore, the present research identifies the crucial role that evaluations of the retailer play in driving important behavioral outcomes such as store patronage and word-of-mouth recommendations. Manipulating in-store guidance and measuring shopper time pressure, results of a field experiment reveal that retailer evaluations mediate the relationship between process satisfaction and behavioral intentions, even when products and services are not actually purchased. Implications of these findings are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.",In-store guidance | Process satisfaction | Retailer evaluation | Search process | Time pressure,"International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research",2010-07-01,Article,"Gurel-Atay, Eda;Giese, Joan L.;Godek, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039840855,10.1109/HICSS.1996.495324,"Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles and Applications, Revised and Expanded","The measurement of systems success is important to any research on information systems. A research study typically uses several dependent measures as surrogates for systems success. These dependent measures are generally treated as outcome variables which, as a group, vary as a function of certain independent variables. Recently, a process perspective has been advocated to measure system success. This process perspective recognizes that some of the dependent measures, along with independent variables, also have an impact on outcome variables. A comprehensive success model has been developed by DeLone and McLean (1992) to group success measures cited in the literature into three categories: quality, use, and impact. This model further predicts that quality affects use, which in turn affects impact. This paper explores the plausibility of using meta-analysis to validate this success model. Advantages of using meta-analysis over other research methodologies in validating process models are examined. Potential problems with meta-analysis in validating this particular success model are discussed. A research plan that utilizes past empirical studies to validate this success model is described.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, M.;McLean, E. R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951022203,10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.01.004,EMC testing techniques and simple modification methods for decreasing the interference at televisions,"Correlational and experimental methods provide evidence relevant to seven theories of humans' general impressions of the speed of time, including theories of the purported subjective acceleration of time with aging. A total of 1865 adults from two countries, ranging in age from 16 to 80, reported how fast time appears to pass over different spans of time. Other measures tapped the experience of life changes and time pressure, and experimental manipulations were used to test two models based on forward telescoping and difficulty of recall. Respondents of all ages reported that time seems to pass quickly. In contrast to widely held beliefs, age differences in reports of the subjective speed of time were very small, except for the question about how fast the last 10. years had passed. Findings support a theory based on the experience of time pressure. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.",Aging | Subjective speed of time | Time perception | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2010-06-01,Article,"Friedman, William J.;Janssen, Steve M.J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951977810,10.1007/s10551-009-0237-3,"Electromagnetic Compatibility: Methods, Analysis, Circuits, and Measurement","This study examined the impact of perceived ethical culture of the firm and selected demographic variables on auditors' ethical evaluation of, and intention to engage in, various time pressure-induced dysfunctional behaviours. Four audit cases and questionnaires were distributed to experienced pre-manager level auditors in Ireland and the U. S. The findings revealed that while perceived unethical pressure to engage in dysfunctional behaviours and unethical tone at the top were significant in forming an ethical evaluation, only perceived unethical pressure had an impact on intention to engage in the behaviours. Country was also found to have a significant impact, with U. S. respondents reporting higher ethical evaluations and lower intentions to engage in unethical acts than Irish respondents. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.",Auditor conflict | Ethical culture | Ethical decision making | Quality threatening behaviours | Time pressure | Underreporting of time,Journal of Business Ethics,2010-06-01,Article,"Sweeney, Breda;Arnold, Don;Pierce, Bernard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18844431145,10.1016/S0882-6110(00)17009-9,Living and working in space: a history of Skylab,"The usefulness of financial accounting ratios has long been documented in statistical models of business failure prediction. However, behavioral studies to date have reported inconsistent results, with prediction accuracy ranging from 41 percent to 93 percent. These studies have also presented varying explanations for the inconsistencies. Data from 33 previous experimental results were analyzed in this meta-analysis to determine the moderating effects of differences in task properties on failure prediction accuracy. As expected, all task properties were found to have a significant moderating effect on prediction accuracy. These findings have important implications for future research and practice in the prediction of business failure and similar tasks. © 2000.",,Advances in Accounting,2000-01-01,Article,"Lin, Jerry W.;Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034371129,10.1080/08874417.2000.11647465,SAO/NASA ADS (null) Abstract Service,"Fuzzy logic has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as its applications are found in areas ranging from consumer products to industrial process control and portfolio management. Along with neural networks and genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic constitutes three cornerstones of ""soft computing."" Unlike the traditional or hard computing, soft computing strives to model the pervasive imprecision of the real world. Solutions derived from soil computing are generally more robust, flexible, and economical. In addition, constituent technologies of soft computing are generally complementary rather than competitive. As a result, many hybrid systems have been proposed to integrate these complementary technologies. This study review's fuzzy logic and neural networks and illustrates how they can be integrated to provide a better solution. In an empirical test, the integrated neural fuzzy system significantly outperformed a traditional statistical model in predicting pension accounting adoption choices.",Fuzzy logic | Neural networks | Pension accounting choices,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897068905,10.22495/cocv6i1c1p4,Time series investigation of job-events and depression in computer software engineers,"Earnings management is of great concern to corporate stakeholders. While numerous studies have investigated various determinants of earnings management relating to corporate governance and audit quality, empirical evidence on their effects is rather inconsistent. Employing meta-analysis techniques, this research integrates and evaluates results from 27 prior studies. All eleven variables examined show a significant effect on earnings management. Researchers are encouraged to build on our results to continue this important research stream.",Audit Committee | Audit Quality | Auditor Choice | Corporate Governance | Earnings Management | Fraud | Independence | Meta-Analysis,Corporate Ownership and Control,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649182687,10.1016/j.cognition.2009.12.012,"The impact of global dispersion on coordination, team performance and software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure–A systematic literature review","While both conscious and unconscious reward cues enhance effort to work on a task, previous research also suggests that conscious rewards may additionally affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs. Based on this idea, two experiments explored whether reward cues that are presented above (supraliminal) or below (subliminal) the threshold of conscious awareness affect such tradeoffs differently. In a speed-accuracy paradigm, participants had to solve an arithmetic problem to attain a supraliminally or subliminally presented high-value or low-value coin. Subliminal high (vs. low) rewards made participants more eager (i.e., faster, but equally accurate). In contrast, supraliminal high (vs. low) rewards caused participants to become more cautious (i.e., slower, but more accurate). However, the effects of supraliminal rewards mimicked those of subliminal rewards when the tendency to make speed-accuracy tradeoffs was reduced. These findings suggest that reward cues initially boost effort regardless of whether or not people are aware of them, but affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs only when the reward information is accessible to consciousness. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Consciousness | Rewards | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Cognition,2010-05-01,Article,"Bijleveld, Erik;Custers, Ruud;Aarts, Henk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953193952,10.1590/s1413-81232010000300037,Microcontrollers in education: a case-study,"An ergonomic study was carried out to characterize repetitive work and psychosocial demands at work in a plastic industry in The Greater Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. Global observations of tasks were preliminary carried out to investigate work organization, production organization and tasks determinants. Time requirements in tasks development involved psychosocial demands and physical demands, particularly when the latter implied very fast repetitive work. Secondly, those findings led to systematic observations with simultaneous interviews of workers. Work cycles in each task of molding/finishing plastic bags were measured by video analysis. All disturbances that required worker regulation on tasks development were recorded. This study allowed identifying variabilities of work process and of tasks development, and to put into evidence the extra demands and changeable tasks processes that require workers ́ regulation. In that situation, higher cognitive and physical demands are resulted from time pressure. The inadequate work conditions associated to time pressure and a work organization with low control generate a situation in which the task development is just possible under workers ́ body overload.",Ergonomics | Musculoskeletal disorders | Psychosocial factors | Repetitive strain injuries | RSI | Work organization,Ciencia e Saude Coletiva,2010-01-01,Article,"Fernandes, Rita de Cássia Pereira;Assunção, Ada Ávila;Carvalho, Fernando Martins",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863027711,10.1016/j.compind.2009.12.008,THE ROLE OF DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION,"A traditional audit technique manually controls internal data and processes. However, with the increase of the informatics transactions between global organizations, auditors have to provide a rigorous audit process. Some of them, try to deal with software products in a complex environment by using service-oriented architecture (SOA) and web services (WS). These pose new challenges for management, reliability, change management, security and much more. In this paper, a comprehensive audit mechanism is proposed to provide a cross-platform solution in a heterogeneous software/hardware environment, satisfying interdepartmental and cross-organizational business demands. A prototype of the collaborative e-procurement system is developed to demonstrate how business activities can be properly audited in the SOA architecture. Some practical examples are also given to illustrate the control points designed for a successful audit process in the system. © 2012 ICIC International.",Audit log | Business process | Computer audit | Service-oriented architecture (SOA) | Web services,"International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control",2012-01-01,Article,"Li, Shing Han;Chen, Shih Chih;Hu, Chung Chiang;Wu, Wei Shou;Hwang, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950430987,10.1016/j.aap.2009.07.010,INSPIRE Infrastructure Build-up in Estonia,"Older drivers' ability to trigger simultaneous responses in reaction to simulated challenging road events was examined through crash risk and local analyses of acceleration and direction data provided by the simulator. This was achieved by segregating and averaging the simulator's primary measures according to six short time intervals, one before and five during the challenging events. Twenty healthy adults aged 25-45 years old (M = 29.5 ± 4.32) and 20 healthy adults aged 65 and older (M = 73.4 ± 5.17) were exposed to five simulated scenarios involving sudden, complex and unexpected maneuvres. Participants were also administered the Useful Field of View (UFOV), single reaction time and choice reaction time tests, a visual secondary task in the simulator, and a subjective workload evaluation (NASA-TLX). Results indicated that the challenging event that required multiple synchronized reactions led to a higher crash rate in older drivers. Acceleration and orientation data analyses confirmed that the drivers who crashed limited their reaction. The other challenging events did not generate crashes because they could be anticipated and one response (braking) was sufficient to avoid crash. Our findings support the proposal (Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Mynttinen, S., Backman, M., Mikkonen, V., 1999. Age-related differences in driving: are older drivers more serial? International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, 575-589) that older drivers have more difficulty activating car controls simultaneously putting them at risk when facing challenging and time pressure road events. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Ageing | Attention | Serial and parallel processing | Simulator | Surprising events,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2010-05-01,Article,"Bélanger, Alexandre;Gagnon, Sylvain;Yamin, Stephanie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952611995,10.1063/1.3318695,Dynamic Coalition Pattern for Distributed Coordination Of Multi-Agent Networks,"Latest research shows that there is only a realistic chance of restricting global warming to 2 °C if a limit is set to the total amount of CO 2 emitted globally between now and 2050 (global carbon dioxide budget). We move this global budget to the forefront of our considerations regarding a new global climate treaty in the post-Copenhagen process. [The authors are members of the ""German Advisory Council on Global Change"" (WBGU). The WBGU recently published a study on ""Solving the climate dilemma: The budget approach."" This paper builds on the fundamental ideas and findings of the WBGU study and demonstrates that the budget approach could serve as a cornerstone for an institutional design for a global low-carbon economy.] Combining findings from climate science and economics with fundamental concepts of equity, the ""budget approach"" provides concrete figures for the emission allowances that are still available to countries, assuming they want to prevent the destabilization of the planet's climate system. Our calculations demonstrate that the time pressure for acting is almost overwhelming-in industrialized countries and also in emerging economies and many developing nations. We suggest several institutional innovations and rules to manage the global and the national CO2 budgets in a transparent, fair, and flexible way. A sober analysis of the state of the art of climate change science and of the state of multilateral attempts to create an effective climate protection accord so far reveals that the budget approach can provide crucial orientation for the negotiations toward a comprehensive post-Copenhagen climate regime. The approach facilitates at the same time an institutional design for a low-carbon global economy, setting the necessary incentives for decoupling economic growth from the burning of fossil fuels. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.",,Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2010-05-01,Article,"Messner, Dirk;Schellnhuber, John;Rahmstorf, Stefan;Klingenfeld, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950902597,10.1145/1718918.1718971,Illinois Institute of Technology,"An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects. Copyright 2010 ACM.",Collaborative tools | Concurrent engineering | Dependencies | Distributed development | Errors | Experience,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2010-04-20,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85010420380,10.1016/j.ijme.2017.01.004,An Agent-based Integrated Self-Evolving Service Composition Approach in Networked Environments,The ever increasing use of online education dictates that the use of traditional face-to-face tools for students be expanded into the virtual classroom. Business students in online MBA courses at two universities are tasked with making decisions using SAP's ERPSim Manufacturing Game. The students are polled before and after their simulation experience on five dimensions including attitude toward SAP and several dimensions in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) knowledge. Students were found to have increased their attitudes toward SAP and knowledge of ERP upon completing the three-period simulation game. These results are significant for business educators of online courses because it shows that increased learning due to ERPSim not only takes place in face-to-face education classrooms but in an asynchronous environment as well. A comparison of our results with those reported in prior studies involving traditional classes revealed additional insights and potential topics for future research.,Asynchronous online teaching | ERP | ERP simulation | Online learning | SAP,International Journal of Management Education,2017-03-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark;Cruthirds, Kevin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85048448105,10.1016/j.dss.2009.12.007,Research Prospectus on Big Data Analytics,"Several technological trends have accelerated the development of the digital economy in recent years. Gartner identifies the convergence of mobile, social, cloud, and information, named the Nexus of Forces, as the platform of digital business. Although curricula that incorporate a single technology exist, few have tackled several technologies at once. An assignment is developed to help students understand the connection between mobile, cloud, and information. The assignment can be implemented with free state-of-the-art enterprise tools from SAP.",Cloud | Curriculum | Information | Mobile | SAP | Social,AMCIS 2017 - America's Conference on Information Systems: A Tradition of Innovation,2017-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905591293,10.17705/1cais.03502,A Study on Cognitive Levels of Programming Activities and their Effects on Learning with Web-Based Programming Assisted System,"Systems implementation is an important topic, and numerous studies have been conducted to identify determinants of success. Among organizational factors that can have an impact on success, top management support and training are two of the most extensively studied variables. While the positive influence of both of these organizational factors is generally recognized, not all empirical evidence is supportive. Some researchers attribute the inconsistent findings to moderators such as task interdependence. Other researchers contend that the wide-ranging correlations observed in different studies are caused by nothing but statistical artifacts. Still another reason for the inconsistent results could be how the two variables are modeled. I meta-analyzed thirty prior studies that examine the effect of both top management support and training. The results support both independent variables having a moderate positive effect on implementation success. Additionally, they suggest that the most plausible model is one where training partially mediates the effect of top management support. Finally, the preponderance of evidence indicates that task interdependence does not moderate the effect of either top management support or training. Instead, the role of task interdependence is similar to that of top management support and training: as an independent variable with a direct effect on implementation success.",IS implementation | Management support | Meta-analysis | Systems success | Task interdependence | Training,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951284448,10.1080/10447310903575465,Liquid journalism and journalistic professionalism in the era of social media: A case study of an online outlet's coverage of the Oriental Star accident,"This study examined trainee crime-scene investigators' preference for, and accuracy in using, four different computer-based decision support interface designs, each of which incorporated a different reduced processing information acquisition strategy. The interfaces differed on the basis of the number of options that could be considered simultaneously and the level of control that could be exercised over the number and sequence in which feature values were accessed. Forty trainee investigators completed six decision scenarios in which they were asked to acquire information and formulate a decision by selecting one of three options. The study comprised two phases, the first of which involved familiarizing participants with each of the four interface designs and collecting performance and subjective data. The second phase involved trainees selecting one of the four interfaces to engage in a fifth and sixth decision scenario involving high or low levels of time pressure. The results indicated that the ""all options, full control"" interface was the preferred option in the low time-pressure condition. Although the strategy remained the most frequently selected in the high time-pressure condition, this preference was not significant. It was concluded that the perceptions of difficulty and the degree of user control over information acquisition were more important than perceived efficiency in the selection of computer-based interface designs. The outcomes have implications for the design of decision support systems. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2010-04-01,Article,"Morrison, Ben W.;Wiggins, Mark W.;Porter, Glenn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949431893,10.1007/978-3-642-11747-3_17,Self-adaptation-based dynamic coalition formation in a distributed agent network: A mechanism and a brief survey,"The specification of security requirements for systems of systems is often an activity that is forced upon non-security experts and performed under time pressure. This paper describes how we have addressed this problem by using a collection of modular safeguards, which are tailored to the application domain. These safeguards, which are specific but still fairly atomic, are combined into requirement profiles that seamlessly integrate into the overall development approach. These safeguards are grouped into 15 classes which subsume requirements that aim for low, medium and high security capabilities. Each requirement is further specified with a technical description defining actual values. To achieve a holistic coverage, we have created requirement profiles that define combinations of modular safeguards and have added complementary organizational safeguards. We will show how we have developed this approach over the years and present our practical experiences of the seamless integration into the development life cycle. © 2010 Springer.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2010-03-22,Conference Paper,"Zuccato, Albin;Daniels, Nils;Jampathom, Cheevarat;Nilson, Mikael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949557635,10.1080/10508421003595935,Journalism and new media,"This study examined the role of key causal analysis strategies in forecasting and ethical decision-making. Undergraduate participants took on the role of the key actor in several ethical problems and were asked to identify and analyze the causes, forecast potential outcomes, and make a decision about each problem. Time pressure and analytic mindset were manipulated while participants worked through these problems. The results indicated that forecast quality was associated with decision ethicality, and the identification of the critical causes of the problem was associated with both higher quality forecasts and higher ethicality of decisions. Neither time pressure nor analytic mindset impacted forecasts or ethicality of decisions. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Causal analysis | Ethical decision-making | Forecasting | Problem solving | Time pressure,Ethics and Behavior,2010-03-01,Article,"Stenmark, Cheryl K.;Antes, Alison L.;Wang, Xiaoqian;Caughron, Jared J.;Thiel, Chase E.;Mumford, Michael D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953660973,10.1007/s11524-009-9433-9,Cooperative innovation,"Road safety experts understand the contribution of speed to the severity and frequency of road crashes. Yet, the impact of speed on health is far more subtle and pervasive than simply its effect on road safety. The emphasis in urban areas on increasing the speed and volume of car traffic contributes to ill-health through its impacts on local air pollution, greenhouse gas production, inactivity, obesity and social isolation. In addition to these impacts, a heavy reliance on cars as a supposedly 'fast' mode of transport consumes more time and money than a reliance on supposedly slower modes of transport (walking, cycling and public transport). Lack of time is a major reason why people do not engage in healthy behaviours. Using the concept of effective speed', this paper demonstrates that any attempt to save time' through increasing the speed of motorists is ultimately futile. Paradoxically, if planners wish to provide urban residents with more time for healthy behaviours (such as exercise and preparing healthy food), then, support for the 'slower' active modes of transport should be encouraged. © 2010 The New York Academy of Medicine.",Physical activity | Pollution | Road safety | Speed | Time pressure | Transport,Journal of Urban Health,2010-03-01,Article,"Tranter, Paul Joseph",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949708831,10.1109/TITB.2009.2036164,NewsCubed: Journalism through design,"The inferred cost of work-related stress call for prevention strategies that aim at detecting early warning signs at the workplace. This paper goes one step towards the goal of developing a personal health system for detecting stress. We analyze the discriminative power of electrodermal activity (EDA) in distinguishing stress from cognitive load in an office environment. A collective of 33 subjects underwent a laboratory intervention that included mild cognitive load and two stress factors, which are relevant at the workplace: mental stress induced by solving arithmetic problems under time pressure and psychosocial stress induced by social-evaluative threat. During the experiments, a wearable device was used to monitor the EDA as a measure of the individual stress reaction. Analysis of the data showed that the distributions of the EDA peak height and the instantaneous peak rate carry information about the stress level of a person. Six classifiers were investigated regarding their ability to discriminate cognitive load from stress. A maximum accuracy of 82.8% was achieved for discriminating stress from cognitive load. This would allow keeping track of stressful phases during a working day by using a wearable EDA device. © 2009 IEEE.",Cognitive load | Electrodermal activity (EDA) | Personal health systems (PHSs) | Stress recognition | Wearable,IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine,2010-03-01,Article,"Setz, Cornelia;Arnrich, Bert;Schumm, Johannes;La Marca, Roberto;Tröster, Gerhard;Ehlert, Ulrike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75749118847,10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.11.005,Self-organisation in multi-agent systems: theory and applications,"The paper theoretically elaborates and empirically investigates the ""competitive arousal"" model of decision making, which argues that elements of the strategic environment (e.g., head-to-head rivalry and time pressure) can fuel competitive motivations and behavior. Study 1 measures real-time motivations of online auction bidders and finds that the ""desire to win"" (even when winning is costly and will provide no strategic upside) is heightened when rivalry and time pressure coincide. Study 2 is a field experiment which alters the text of email alerts sent to bidders who have been outbid; the text makes competitive (vs. non-competitive) motivations salient. Making the desire to win salient triggers additional bidding, but only when rivalry and time pressure coincide. Study 3, a laboratory study, demonstrates that the desire to win mediates the effect of rivalry and time pressure on over-bidding. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Auction | Bidding | Competition | Competitive arousal | Competitive motivation | Conflict | Desire to win | Dispute | Escalation | Negotiation | Relative payoffs | Rivalry | Time pressure | Winning,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2010-03-01,Article,"Malhotra, Deepak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951188080,10.3139/104.110273,FAST-Flexible Allocation for Sensing Tasks,"Nowadays, companies are forced to adapt their factories more often to changing requirements because of ever shorter product and technology lifecycles. Due to the resulting higher time pressure planners increasingly discuss the use of digital tools to support the process of factory planning. However, an evaluation of the advantages of the digital tools is difficult because of the lack of methods. It is often neglected that a use of the tools is not always expedient, but is dependent of e.g. the type and complexity of the planning task. Thus, in this paper an approach is described that allows an evaluation of the target-oriented use of the tools. The approach regards among others the complexity of the planning project as well as the specific implementation effort. © Carl Hanser Verlag.",,ZWF Zeitschrift fuer Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb,2010-01-01,Article,"Hirsch, Benjamin;Klemke, Tim;Wulf, Serjosha;Nyhuis, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-76149097906,10.1026/1612-5010/a000002,Test Driven Development To Produce Quality Software Faster,"There have been few studies of the effects of changes to competition rules on the subjective perceptions of athletes. In an interview study of 12 male and female pole-vaulters on major changes of the discipline in 2003, the subjective perceptions of rule changes are compared with objective data. The results show that athletes adapt and modify their visualization and execution of actions as well as their competition tactics. Nonetheless, a substantial number of vaulters were concerned with the negative consequences of the rule changes. The analysis of objective performance measures of vaulters shows that there were neither such negative consequences nor was there a connection between subjective perception and objective performance. Based on the results, implications for practical implementation are discussed.",Competitive sport | Pre-performance routines | Time pressure,Zeitschrift fur Sportpsychologie,2010-02-12,Article,"Lobinger, Babett;Hohmann, Tanja;Nicklisch, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77249176135,10.1504/IJMED.2010.031548,… Maintenance Of Office Building Automation: A Decision Support Approach. In Proceedings 5th Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference …,"Researchers have claimed that routinisation hinders creativity. However, empirical evidence for this assumption is sparse. In this study, we examined a series of research hypotheses that specifies the relationships among time pressure, job involvement, routinisation, creativity and turnover intentions. A research was conducted with 315 employees of the newspaper and television industries in Taiwan. Our results clearly reveal that routinisation is negatively associated with creativity. Time pressure is a strong predictor for routinisation and creativity. Job involvement emerged as a positive predictor for routinisation. Routinisation and creativity had an adverse relationship with turnover intentions. The findings are interpreted with discussions of the implications. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",Creativity | Enterprise development | Job involvement | Routinisation | Time pressure | Turnover intentions,International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development,2010-01-01,Article,"James Lin, Ming Ji;Chen, Chih Cheng;Chen, Chih Jou;Lai, Fu Shan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950343986,10.1123/jsep.32.1.23,The integration between design and maintenance of office building automation: a decision support approach,"This study examined the role of leisure-time physical activity in reducing the impact of high life stress and time pressure on depression, a buffer effect, for mothers of infants. A direct association between leisure-time physical activity and depression, regardless of both sources of stress, was also tested. A sample of approximately 5,000 mothers of infant children completed questionnaires that measured demographic characteristics, frequency of participation in leisure-time physical activity, life stress, time pressure, and depression (depressive symptoms). Hierarchical multiple regression incorporating an interaction component to represent the buffering effect was used to analyze the data. Frequency of leisure-time physical activity was significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms for both types of stress and acted as a buffer of the association between life stress and depressive symptoms, but did not buffer the influence of time pressure on depressive symptoms. These findings indicated that leisure-time physical activity assists in maintaining the mental health of mothers of infants; however, caution is needed when promoting physical activity for mothers who feel under time pressure. © 2010 Human Kinetics, Inc.",Depression | Exercise | Life stress | Physical activity | Time pressure | Women,Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2010-01-01,Article,"Craike, Melinda Jane;Coleman, Denis;MacMahon, Clare",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651553568,10.4156/jdcta.vol4.issue1.14,A DECISION SUPPORT APPROACH,"Healthcare authorities have recognized the potential of information technology (IT) systems to improve the quality of service and provide better patient care. It is not easy to develop software applications that meet quality standards, time pressure, and budget constraints without making a predictive preparation. It is crucial to collect accurate data in a relatively short time while completing the hospital process. Instead of using complex and long forms for record keeping, developing a software system may be beneficial. Better human-computer interfaces can be designed by the participation of the actual system users. In this study, a medical information system was developed for the emergency service data flow to Tablet PCs via Wi-Fi mobile network by implementing user-centered development methodology. The application was tested by actual system users selected from the physicians and nurses. The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of iconic user interfaces in a medical information system by ISO usability standards, and heuristic evaluation. The user reactions were observed while performing with the systems. The system users participated both in the development and evaluation process. Icon design process with users' participation was also introduced briefly in this paper. It was shown the participatory icon design process is useful and effective. The usability of the web-based applications is improved with visual iconic components on hospital information interfaces.",Heuristic evaluation | Icon | ISO9241 | Medical information system | Participatory design | Usability,International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications,2010-02-01,Article,"Salman, Yucel Batu;Cheng, Hong In;Kim, Ji Young;Patterson, Patrick E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023503256,10.1146/annurev.soc.13.1.149,Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development,"Summarizes the state of the art of time budget surveys and analyses, and reviews the different fields of utilization of time budget data: mass media contact, demand for cultural and other leisure goods and services, urban planning, consumer behavior, needs of elderly persons and of children, the sexual division of labor, the informal economy and household economics, social accounting, social indicators, quality of life, way of life, social structure. -from Author",,Annual review of sociology. Vol. 13,1987-01-01,Article,"Andorka, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449131495,10.1016/j.tins.2009.09.002,Software-engineering process simulation model (SEPS),"In many situations, decision makers need to negotiate between the competing demands of response speed and response accuracy, a dilemma generally known as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). Despite the ubiquity of SAT, the question of how neural decision circuits implement SAT has received little attention up until a year ago. We review recent studies that show SAT is modulated in association and pre-motor areas rather than in sensory or primary motor areas. Furthermore, the studies suggest that emphasis on response speed increases the baseline firing rate of cortical integrator neurons. We also review current theories on how and where in the brain the SAT is controlled, and we end by proposing research directions that could distinguish between these theories. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Trends in Neurosciences,2010-01-01,Review,"Bogacz, Rafal;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Forstmann, Birte U.;Nieuwenhuis, Sander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350536904,10.1159/000253861,Empirical studies of assumptions that underlie software cost-estimation models,"Background: Pathological gambling is classified as an impulse control disorder in the DSM-IV-TR; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between gambling behavior and impulsive decision-making in time-non-limited situations. Methods: The subjects performed the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The MFFT investigated the reflection-impulsivity dimension in pathological gamblers (n = 82) and demographically matched healthy subjects (n = 82).Results: Our study demonstrated that pathological gamblers had a significantly higher rate of errors than healthy controls (p = 0.01) but were not different in terms of response time (p = 0.49). We found a similar power of correlation between the number of errors and response time in both pathological gamblers and controls. We may conclude that impaired performance of our pathological gamblers as compared to controls in a situation without time limit pressure cannot be explained by a trade-off of greater speed at the cost of less accuracy. Conclusions: The results of our study showed that pathological gamblers tend to make more errors but do not exhibit quicker responses as compared to the control group. Diminished MFFT performance in pathological gamblers as compared to controls supports findings of previous studies which show that pathological gamblers have impaired decision-making. Further controlled studies with a larger sample size which examine MFFT performance in pathological gamblers are necessary to confirm our results. © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.",Impulsivity | Matching Familiar Figures Test | Pathological gamblers | Response time,European Addiction Research,2010-01-01,Article,"Kertzman, Semion;Vainder, Michael;Vishne, Tali;Aizer, Anat;Kotler, Moshe;Dannon, Pinhas N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898422444,10.5244/C.24.54,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"Three methods are explored which help indicate whether feature points are potentially visible or occluded in the matching phase of the keyframe-based real-time visual SLAM system. The first derives a measure of potential visibility from the angular proximity to keyframes in which they were observed and globally adjusted, and preferentially selects those with high visibility when tracking the camera position between keyframes. It is found that sorting and selecting features within image bins spread over the image improves tracking stability. The second method automatically recognizes and locates 3D polyhedral objects alongside the point map, and uses them to determine occlusion. The third method uses the map points themselves to grow surfaces. The performance of each is tested on live and recorded sequences. © 2010. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.",,"British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2010 - Proceedings",2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wangsiripitak, S.;Murray, D. W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649089571,,Effect of schedule compression on project effort,,,Technische Uberwachung,2010-01-01,Article,"Wattendorff, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72249099256,10.1108/02686901011008963,Recent advances in software estimation techniques,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among time pressure (TP), task complexity (TC), and audit effectiveness (AE). It is motivated by the conflicting results reported in prior TP studies. Design/methodology/approach: The research hypotheses are developed using McGrath's interactional model of the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Data are collected using a two-treatment field experiment involving 63 public accountants. Findings: The results show a negative, interactional relationship among TP, TC, and AE. Research limitations/implications: The first limitation concerns the non-random procedure used to recruit public accounting firms and auditors. Second, there is the less than perfect operationalization of the TC construct. Practical implications: First, the findings suggest that public accounting firms may need to resist the urge to reduce the time allowed for performing compliance tests, and provide training to improve the detection rate for all type of compliance deviations. Second, the fact that the rate of change in AE, in response to changes in TP, is different for the two audit tasks studied, suggests that it may not be appropriate for audit planners to assume a uniform TP effect across the various tasks involved in an audit. This insight has implication for the trade-offs between the lower direct audit costs associated with tighter time budgets, and possible increases in audit risk associated with lower AE. Originality/value: Two unique aspects of this paper are the operationalization of TP as a continuous random variable and the use of z-scores to standardize the AE measure. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Auditing | Task analysis | Time-based management,Managerial Auditing Journal,2010-01-01,Article,"Bowrin, Anthony R.;King, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954548953,10.1017/S0140525X10000324,"Adapting, correcting, and perfecting software estimates: a maintenance metaphor","I raise two issues for Machery's discussion and interpretation of the theory-theory. First, I raise an objection against Machery's claim that theory-theorists take theories to be default bodies of knowledge. Second, I argue that theory-theorists' experimental results do not support Machery's contention that default bodies of knowledge include theories used in their own proprietary kind of categorization process. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010.",,Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2010-01-01,Note,"Blanchard, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85213942407,10.3389/fpubh.2024.1484414,Investigating the impacts of managerial turnover/succession on software project performance,"Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus species, is a prevalent contaminant in oil crops, with prolonged exposure associated with liver damage. Home-made peanut oil (HMPO) produced by small workshops in Guangzhou is heavily contaminated with AFB1. Despite the enactment of the Small Food Workshops Management Regulations (SFWMR), no quantitative assessment has been conducted regarding its impact on food contamination and public health. The study aims to assess the impact of SFWMR on AFB1 contamination in HMPO and liver function in the population. Method: AFB1 contamination in HMPO were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liver function data were obtained from the health center located in a high-HMPO-consumption area in Guangzhou. Interrupted time series and mediation analyses were employed to assess the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR, AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, and liver function among residents. Result: The AFB1 concentrations in HMPO were 1.29 (0.12, 6.58) μg/kg. The average daily intake of AFB1 through HMPO for Guangzhou residents from 2010 to 2022 ranged from 0.25 to 1.68 ng/kg bw/d, and the Margin of Exposure ranged from 238 to 1,600. The implementation of SFWMR was associated with a significant reduction in AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, showing an immediate decrease of 2.865 μg/kg (P = 0.006) and a sustained annual reduction of 2.593 μg/kg (P = 0.034). Among residents in the high-HMPO-consumption area, the implementation of SFWMR was significantly associated with a reduction in the prevalence of liver function abnormality (PR = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.469–0.902). Subgroup analysis revealed that this reduction was significantly associated with the implementation of SFWMR in the female (PR = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.310–0.755) and in individuals aged ≥ 60 years (PR = 0.586, 95% CI: 0.395–0.868). Mediation analysis demonstrated that AFB1 concentrations in HMPO fully mediated the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR and the liver function abnormality (PR = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.969–0.993). Conclusion: In Guangzhou, the public health issue arising from AFB1 intake through HMPO warrants attention. The implementation of SFWMR had a positive impact on the improvement of AFB1 contamination in HMPO and the liver function. Continued efforts are necessary to strengthen the enforcement of the regulations. The exposure risks to AFB1 among high-HMPO-consumption groups also demand greater focus.",aflatoxin B 1 | home-made peanut oil | interrupted time series analysis | liver function | small food workshop,Frontiers in Public Health,2024-01-01,Article,"Lei, Jiangbo;Li, Yan;Wang, Yanyan;Zhou, Jinchang;Wu, Yuzhe;Zhang, Yuhua;Liu, Lan;Ou, Yijun;Huang, Lili;Wu, Sixuan;Guo, Xuanya;Liu, Lieyan;Peng, Rongfei;Bai, Zhijun;Zhang, Weiwei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952036730,10.1007/BF00872054,Fuzzy systems and neural networks in software engineering project management,"Suppliers have developed ingenious ways to improve the performance benchtop dispensing systems. Inexpensive, fast, flexible and easy to operate, these systems can be handheld or mounted to a Cartesian robot. Finding the right combination of time and pressure for a particular material requires some experimentation. Two common sources of variability in shot size are fluctuations in air pressure and material temperature. Assemblers can overcome that problem is dispensing from smaller syringes or starting with syringes that are less than full. When the syringe is full, the narrow end of the cone passes through the air hole of the end cap, limiting how much air pressure can he applied to the piston. The Optimeter is available for 10 and 30 cc syringe barrels. The time pressure unit is not the only game in town for benchtop dispensing. Suppliers have introduced numerous alternatives over the past few years.",,Assembly,2010-01-01,Article,"Sprovieri, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72549112067,10.1109/ICASID.2009.5280409,Avoiding classic mistakes [software engineering],"IP reuse methodology is considered a good solution to the complexity of SoC(System on Chip) and the time pressure from market. Random-Logic(RL) and Finite-State-Machine(FSM) are two main implementation methods in reusable IP design. FSM method is far more widely accepted and applied by IP designers because its can describe IP at behavior level. RL design method, focusing on the specific character of the target circuit, can describe IP according to signal flow. Signals are the main object to be described in this method, and the interconnections among signals are key points in design process. The differences and relations between those two methods are studied. An IIC bus interface model is completed with those two methods respectively, it is shown that the area of the circuit designed with RL method is 20% less than that of the circuit designed with FSM method.",FSM method | IP design | RL method,"2009 3rd International Conference on Anti-counterfeiting, Security, and Identification in Communication, ASID 2009",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Shan, He;Duoli, Zhang;Yunfeng, Wang;Donghui, Guo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72249122099,10.1145/1631127.1631131,SimVBSE: Developing a game for value-based software engineering,"Although there has been great interest in the issue of indexing and providing access to multimedia records of meetings, with substantial efforts directed towards collection and analysis of meeting corpora, most research in this area is based on data collected at research labs, under somewhat artificial conditions. In contrast, this paper focuses on data recorded in a real-world setting where a number of health professionals participate in weekly meetings held as part of the work routines in a major hospital. These meetings have been observed to be highly structured, a fact that is due undoubtedly to the time pressures, as well as communication and dependability constraints characteristic of the context in which the meetings happen. The hypothesis investigated in this paper is that the conversational structure of these meetings enable their segmentation into meaningful sub-units, namely individual patient case discussions, based only on data on the roles of the participants and the duration and sequence of vocalisations. We describe the task of segmenting audio-visual records of multidisciplinary medical team meetings as a topic segmentation task, present a method for automatic segmentation based on a ""content-free"" representation of conversational structure, and report the results of a series of patient case segmentation experiments. The approach presented here achieves levels of segmentation accuracy (measured in terms of the standard Pk and WD metrics) comparable to those attained by state of the art topic segmentation algorithms based on richer and combined knowledge sources. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Audio analysis | Meeting analysis | Meeting topic segmentation | Multidisciplinary medical team meetings | Patient case discussions,"3rd Workshop on Searching Spontaneous Conversational Speech, SSCS'09, Co-located with the 2009 ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM'09",2009-12-24,Conference Paper,"Luz, Saturnino",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949520184,10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb03382.x,Improving software team productivity,,,Medical Journal of Australia,2009-12-21,Short Survey,"Hodgkinson, Anthony H.T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74349088393,10.1016/S0164-1212(01)00067-X,Behavioral characterization: finding and using the influential factors in software process simulation models,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff is a very common phenomenon in many types of human motor tasks. In general, the accuracy of a movement tends to decrease when its speed increases and vise versa. This issue has been studied for more than a century, during which some alternative performance models between the speed and accuracy have been presented. In this paper, we make a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed-accuracy tradeoff models in target-based movement and trajectory-based movement, which are two main and popular task paradigms in human computer interaction. Some of the models emerged from basic research in experimental psychology and motor control theory, whereas others emerged from the specific need in HCI to model the in-teraction between users and physical devices, such as mice, keyboard and stylus. This paper summarized these models from the perspective of spatial constraint and temporal constraint for each of the target-based and trajectory-based movements. © 2009 ISSN.",Human performance model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Target-based movement | Trajectory-based movement,"International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control",2009-12-01,Article,"Zhou, Xiaolei;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450237193,10.1016/j.jmp.2009.09.002,Achievements and challenges in cocomo-based software resource estimation,"Most decision-making research has focused on choices between two alternatives. For choices between many alternatives, the primary result is Hick's Law-that mean response time increases logarithmically with the number of alternatives. Various models for this result exist within specific paradigms, and there are some more general theoretical results, but none of those have been tested stringently against data. We present an experimental paradigm that supports detailed examination of multi-choice data, and analyze predictions from a Bayesian ideal observer model for this paradigm. Data from the experiment deviate from the predictions of the Bayesian model in interesting ways. A simple heuristic model based on evidence accumulation provides a good account for the data, and has attractive properties as a limit case of the Bayesian model. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Hick's Law | Optimal observer models | Probabilistic inference | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Mathematical Psychology,2009-12-01,Article,"Brown, Scott;Steyvers, Mark;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-76549115310,10.1068/p6324,Engineering-based processes and agile methodologies for software development: a comparative case study,"To understand the way in which video-game play affects subsequent perception and cognitive strategy, two experiments were performed in which participants played either a fast-action game or a puzzle-solving game. Before and after video-game play, participants performed a task in which both speed and accuracy were emphasized. In experiment 1 participants engaged in a location task in which they clicked a mouse on the spot where a target had appeared, and in experiment 2 they were asked to judge which of four shapes was most similar to a target shape. In both experiments, participants were much faster but less accurate after playing the action game, while they were slower but more accurate after playing the puzzle game. Results are discussed in terms of a taxonomy of video games by their cognitive and perceptual demands. © 2009 a Pion publication.",,Perception,2009-01-01,Article,"Nelson, Rolf A.;Strachan, Ian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951614879,10.1518/107118109x12524443344754,Analysis of software cost estimation using COCOMO II,"In this study we investigated the properties of the sustained attention to response task (SART). In the SART, participants respond to frequent (high probability of occurrence) neutral signals and are required to withhold response to rare (low probability of occurrence) critical signals. We examined whether SART performance shows characteristics of speed-accuracy tradeoffs and in addition, we examined whether SART performance is influenced by prior exposure to emotional picture stimuli. Thirty-three participants in this study performed SARTs after being exposed to neutral and negative picture stimuli. Performance in the SART changed rapidly over time and there was a high correlation between participants errors of commission rate and their reaction time to the neutral targets (r = -.72). SART performance was not significantly affected by emotional stimuli, but subjective reports of arousal were significantly affected by emotional stimuli.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Helton, William S.;Kern, Rosalie P.;Walker, Donieka R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-19544390056,10.1177/019145379301900204,Applying simulation to the development of spacecraft flight software,,,Philosophy & Social Criticism,1993-01-01,Article,"Keohane, Kieran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040081869,10.1177/144078302128756651,Software project management: the manager's view,"So far there have usually been only two answers to the question of what to do with dichotomies in sociology, either embrace them or attempt to synthesize them. However, this has produced merely an endless vacillation between the two positions, and a paradoxical constant reproduction of dichotomous thinking, rather than its transformation. This paper works towards a “third answer’ to the question, first, by outlining how the concept of the “Hobbesian problem of order’, as proposed by Talcott Parsons, underpins all sociological dichotomies, and why it is important to re-read Hobbes and revisit the socalled “problem of order’. Second, it explains how Bruno Latour's model of the “Constitution’ of modern thought helps us to understand the dynamics of oppositions like nature/society or agency/structure, and how the problems with dichotomies derive from only perceiving part of the Constitution, rather than all of it. The paper concludes with a discussion of one example of a type of sociology that does operate across all of Latour's Constitution because it is based on a different conception of what is problematic about social order, Norbert Elias’“figurational sociology’, as well as some observations about what we might do with sociology's Constitution from this point onwards. © 2002, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.","constitution | dichotomy | Elias | Hobbes | Latour | problem of order, | sociology",Journal of Sociology,2002-01-01,Article,"Van Krieken, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84964187933,10.1177/003803856900300233,A system dynamics software process simulator for staffing policies decision support,,,Sociology,1969-01-01,Article,"Wakeford, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69249248103,10.1016/j.ress.2009.05.008,Using a model framework in developing and delivering a family of software engineering project courses,"The continued reliance of manual data capture in engineering asset intensive organisations highlights the critical role played by those responsible for recording raw data. The potential for data quality variance across individual operators also exposes the need to better manage this particular group. This paper evaluates the relative importance of the human factors associated with data quality. Using the theory of planned behaviour this paper considers the impact of attitudes, perceptions and behavioural intentions on the data collection process in an engineering asset context. Two additional variables are included, those of time pressure and operator feedback. Time pressure is argued to act as a moderator between intention and data collection behaviour, while perceived behavioural control will moderate the relationship between feedback and data collection behaviour. Overall the paper argues that the presence of best practice procedures or threats of disciplinary sanction are insufficient controls to determine data quality. Instead those concerned with improving the data collection performance of operators should consider the operator's perceptions of group attitude towards data quality, the level of feedback provided to data collectors and the impact of time pressures on procedure compliance. A range of practical recommendations are provided to those wishing to improve the quality of their manually acquired data. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Data quality | Feedback | Manual data acquisition | Operator intention | Time pressure,Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2009-12-01,Review,"Murphy, Glen D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84980283989,10.1111/j.1467-6486.1986.tb00936.x,COSYSMO: a systems engineering cost Model,,,Journal of Management Studies,1986-01-01,Article,"Hales, Colin P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870969606,10.1139/l93-007,Schedule compression using the direct stiffness method,"Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in human-computer interaction (HCI) research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on prior research findings this study proposes that information selection of target information in emergency response applications can be improved by using supplementary cues. The research is motivated by cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel and associative processing. Color-coding and location-ordering are proposed as relevant cues that can improve ERS processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental ERS is developed users' performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with the best results obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and complexity increase.",Color | Emergency response systems | Information cues | Information selection | Interface design | Location | Task complexity | Time pressure,ICIS 2009 Proceedings - Thirtieth International Conference on Information Systems,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mcnab, Anna L.;Hess, Traci J.;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870510800,10.1145/76380.76383,Lessons learned from modeling the dynamics of software development,"This paper introduces the study of group work pressure (GWP) in information technology (IT) task groups. We theorize that GWP arises from demands and resources in group work and that high levels of GWP inhibit group performance. To identify the constructs of a new group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model, we solicit subjects' descriptions of factors associated with high and low pressure group work situations they have experienced. We find that GWP is composed of characteristics of the task, group, environment, and individuals in the environment. Group characteristics include expertise of the group, group history, and degree of interpersonal conflicts. Individual characteristics include task motivation, personal expertise, and positive/negative consequences. Task complexity, time pressure, and external resources available to the group complete the model tasks. The findings extend prior demands-resources research, suggesting a research model for future study and practical mechanisms for reducing undesirable effects of GWP.",Consequences | Group task demand-resources (GTD-R) model | Group work pressure (GWP) | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85116949712,10.1111/socf.12160,Cost models for future software life cycle processes: COCOMO 2.0,,,Sociological Forum,2015-03-01,Erratum,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73649089336,10.1109/32.29489,Theory-W software project management principles and examples,,,MMW-Fortschritte der Medizin,2009-12-01,Note,"Notz, Heinz Jürgen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84895283994,,"A software project dynamics model for process cost, schedule and risk assessment","In the aging literature, it is well established that a number of basic cognitive abilities,including information processing speed, decline with age. It is also known that olderadults often develop strategies to adapt to these changes. Although the literature indecision making has examined the effect of age on decision outcomes, less research hasfocused on age differences in decision processes. This chapter reports on the findingsfrom two studies that examined how older adults use adaptive strategies to make realworlddecisions under time constraints. In Study 1, total time for decision processing waslimited. Results showed that younger and older adults used different strategies but madesimilar decisions. In the second study, the time for viewing each piece of informationwas fixed rather than self-paced. Results showed that the adaptation of the young, but notolder adults, resulted in different decisions -indicative of lowering their decisioncriteria. Consistent with Study 1, older adults increased their organization of informationsearches. Finally, differences in subsequent mood and metacognitive beliefs in Study 2suggested differential effects for the experimental manipulations used in Studies 1 and 2.Together, these studies suggest that older adults' information processing strategies areinfluenced by time pressures. © 2009 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,New Directions in Aging Research: Health and Cognition,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Schumacher, Mitzi;Jacobs-Lawson, Joy M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77149159114,10.1353/sof.0.0268,3.1. 1 COSYSMO: A Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model Coming of Age,"The term ""second shift"" from. Hochschild's (1989) classic volume is commonly used by scholars to mean that employed mothers face an unequal load of household labor and thus a ""double day"" of work. We use two representative samples of contemporary U.S. parents with preschoolers to test how mothers employed fulltime and married to a full-time worker (focal, mothers) differ in time allocations and pressures from, fathers and from, mothers employed parttime or not at all. Results indicate focal mothers' total workloads are greater than fathers' by a week-and-a-half, not an ""extra month"" per year. Focal mothers have less leisure, but do not experience more onerous types of unpaid work, nor get less sleep than fathers. Focal, mothers feel greater time pressures compared with fathers; however, some of these tensions extend to other mothers of young children. Finally, these families may be engaged in fewer quality activities with children compared with families where mothers are not employed fulltime. © The University of North Carolina Press.",,Social Forces,2009-12-01,Article,"Milkie, Melissa A.;Raley, Sara B.;Bianchi, Suzanne M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650463780,10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199908)29:10<833::AID-SPE258>3.0.CO;2-P,Productivity analysis of object‐oriented software developed in a commercial environment,,,Safer Surgery: Analysing Behaviour in the Operating Theatre,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Mackenzie, Colin F.;Jeffcott, Shelly A.;Xiao, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955793336,10.1177/030630700903500204,An empirical study using task assignment patterns to improve the accuracy of software effort estimation,"The aim of this paper is to organise decision-making models and methods into one coherent matrix, using complexity (high to low) and time pressure (high to low) dimensions as relevant axes. Eight case vignettes are used to demonstrate the fit of four decision-making models and four decision making methods within high-low complexity and high-low time pressure. The arguments and the vignettes suggest that a particular decision-making model or method becomes an appropriate tool for strategic decision-makers under varying complexity and time pressure. The appropriate model or method would change when the characteristics of the environment change. Decision-making models and methods can be systematically assessed with the proposed framework. © 2009 The Braybrooke Press Ltd.",,Journal of General Management,2009-01-01,Article,"Rahman, Noushi;De Feis, George L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950043678,10.1007/s10049-009-1225-y,Stochastic simulation of risk factor potential effects for software development risk management,"Background: Ultrasound is an integral part of emergency diagnostics. Regarding education and teaching of ultrasound diagnosis a module""Diagnosis of free intra-abdominal fluid"" for a 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound simulator was developed. Methods and concept: A free-hand recording system was coupled with a high-end ultrasound device. 3D-ultrasound volumes were produced and positioned with an electromagnetic tracking system into a mannequin. Feasibility of the ultrasound simulator was assessed during a 4 h ultrasound seminar for students and an 8 h training of postgraduates within realistic emergency scenarios both in the focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) exam. Results: Out of n=170 volumes a module of 10 virtual cases was constructed. Medical students interpreted windows of normal and pathologic findings correctly in 82% and postgraduates in 94% of cases. Conclusion: The ultrasound simulator with 3D multivolume cases may serve as a new method for realistic training in emergency ultrasound. © 2009 Springer Medizin Verlag.",Education | Emergency ultrasound | FAST | Time pressure | Ultrasound simulator,Notfall und Rettungsmedizin,2009-12-01,Article,"Schellhaas, S.;Stier, M.;Walcher, F.;Adili, F.;Schmitz-Rixen, T.;Breitkreutz, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015515239,10.1145/62266.62267,Stable Deterministic Multithreading through Schedule Memoization.,"In this paper, we describe the influence of physical proximity on the development of collaborative relationships between scientific researchers and on the execution of their work. Our evidence is drawn from our own studies of scientific collaborators, as well as from observations of research and development activities collected by other investigators. These descriptions provide the foundation for a discussion of the actual and potential role of communications technology in professional work, especially for collaborations carried out at a distance.",,"Proceedings of the 1988 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW 1988",1988-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert;Egido, Carmen;Galegher, Jolene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949464431,10.1109/ICIEEM.2009.5344580,Software project management,"Researchers of decision making have often shown that It is a complex process that a decision maker is quick and accurate at preferences structure or ordering when he was confronted multiple objectives, multiple criteria, and multiple alternatives. Before the enterprise shifts the operation to RFID, needs to carry on the simulation or the construction feasible deliberation and the appraisal first. In the simulation process, the enterprise may understand that what benefit in essence from RFID. Moreover the enterprise may also further estimate possible impact from the RFID. This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professional knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. In this study uses group decision making Matrix to elevate the best RFID supply chain will carry effective and immediate for company. To conclude, this study may be importance in explaining the function of the InlinPreRa Model on decision making, as well as in providing decision makers with a better understanding of the process of the InlinPreRa Model. ©2009 IEEE.",Group decision making | Incomplete linguistic preference relations | InlinPreRa | RFID,IE and EM 2009 - Proceedings 2009 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Peng, Shu Chen;Wang, Tien Chin;Hsu, Shu Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859572485,,Image data compression: block truncation coding,"The main objective of this study is to investigate the age-related changes in the perceived mental workload during a visual search task. Nineteen older adults (M = 72.1 years) and fourteen younger adults (M = 22.9 years) participated. The participants were asked to detect a target while ignoring task-irrelevant singleton distractors and to estimate the perceived mental workload, using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Reaction times (RTs), sensitivity in detecting the target (d′) and response bias (P) were recorded as the performance on the visual search task. After completing the visual search task, the subjective mental workload was assessed by the NASA-TLX. The results on the visual search task showed that although the older adults' RTs were longer than those of the younger adults, there were no age-related changes with regard to d′ and β. Some differences in the NASA-TLX were found between the older and younger adults; the temporal demand score increased with age, suggesting that older adults tended to feel time pressure strongly in contrast to younger adults. These findings imply that it is important to analyze performance as well as assess the perceived mental workload when designing visual tasks suitable for older adults. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.",,Promotion of Work Ability Towards Productive Aging - Selected Papers of the 3rd International Symposium on Work Ability,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Takahara, Miwa;Miura, Toshiaki;Shinohara, Kazumitsu;Kimura, Takahiko",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21344476094,10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.381,"Managing software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure in a very large development project","Although the popular literature on time management claims that engaging in time management behaviors results in increased job performance and satisfaction and fewer job tensions, a theoretical framework and empirical examination are lacking. To address this deficiency, the author proposed and tested a process model of time management. Employees in a variety of jobs completed several scales; supervisors provided performance ratings. Examination of the path coefficients in the model suggested that engaging in some time management behaviors may have beneficial effects on tensions and job satisfaction but not on job performance. Contrary to popular claims, time management training was not found to be effective.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1994-01-01,Article,"Macan, Therese Hoff",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859565329,10.1287/isre.1040.0012,A fault threshold policy to manage software development projects,"The objective of this study was to evaluate the worker's work ability, work characteristics and life style, which lead of towards the comprehension of certain consequences for health and well being related to the work environment. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Wholesale and Flower Market area with around 1,000 micro and small sized companies, including shops, inspection and cleaning services, administrative sector and autonomous porters. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, life-style, health and work aspects, living and work conditions and the Work Ability Index was administered. The sample included 1,006 workers. The male population represented 86.9% of the workers (range from 15 to 73 years old), and the mean age was 33.5 years (SD=12.1). Young women had poor work ability than young men, while the opposite result was found in relation to older women and men. Work breaks had a positive correlation and ""to have a work accident during the last year"" and related risks/hazards at work (lifting and transporting heavy weight, time pressure, tiredness and stressful job) were negatively correlated with work ability. In the life style model, leisure time, physical activities, number of hours of sleep and ""sleeping well"" were correlated with work ability. The study indicated that work conditions are quite important in relation to work ability and should be considered when planning workplace health promotion and intervention actions. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.",SMEs | Work ability index | Work conditions,Promotion of Work Ability Towards Productive Aging - Selected Papers of the 3rd International Symposium on Work Ability,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Monteiro, Inês;Tuomi, Kaija;Ilmarinen, Juhani;Seitsamo, Jorma;Tuominen, Eva;Corrêa-Filho, Heleno Rodrigues",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955592771,10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.009,Empirical findings on team size and productivity in software development,"Honours degree students of Public Health Nutrition carried out a half-day assignment in which they were asked to produce, under time pressure, a written press release and a short video suitable for television, on a given nutritional topic. This simulated a real-world situation that they might well face in their future employment. They were encouraged to reflect on the experience, and could use the outcomes of the assignment as evidence towards their learning objectives, assessed in their e-portfolios. © 2009 IADIS.",Authentic assessment podcast video nutrition,"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Learning 2009, Part of the IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sheridan-Ross, Jakki;McElhone, Sinead;Harrison, Gill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859247507,10.1109/TSE.1978.231521,A general empirical solution to the macro software sizing and estimating problem,"In competitive engineering the term ""pressure"" is used frequently. Design engineers often face time pressure or cost pressure. Pressure can be described in design engineering as activities of individuals or groups which are intended to fasten or change the behavior of other individuals or groups, i.e. mainly to increase the workload one has to accomplish. Pressure can be either an incitement or an abashment. In sports research, pressure has been identified as a major influencing factor since several years and has been researched intensively [1], [2], [3]. In design research a recent focus has been on trust [4] and emotional alignment in teams [5]. Trust seems to be core to developing and maintaining a successful relationship. Trust is a main prerequisite for knowledge sharing in collaborative design; extensive pressure seems to hinder knowledge sharing and communication. This paper presents and explains the hypothesis that pressure and trust are two main influences on collaborative design productivity and that the functions and consequences of both can only be fully understood if they are considered simultaneously. The paper is based on an extensive literature review, a retrospective analysis of two design engineers, logical reasoning, and numerous discussions with colleagues in practice and academia.",Innovation | Knowledge | Pressure | Product development processes | Trust,"DS 58-9: Proceedings of ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Pulm, Udo;Stetter, Ralf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85086255048,10.1109/TR.2009.2019669,Staffing level and cost analyses for software debugging activities through rate-based simulation approaches,"Despite well meaning intentions, many aid interventions fail for one reason or another. The reasons are varied: lack of consideration of local circumstances and process requirements, and in particular inadequate involvement of affected stakeholders as well as inadequate cross-sectorial coordination. This is not surprising given poor organizational memory combined with decisions being made under time pressure and strict deadlines combined with little adaptive capacity. Additionally, information about the importance of process requirements and engagement is qualitative and as such is unfortunately often given secondary importance. To address this, we suggest a Risk assessment component as part of the project design phase based on Bayesian Networks (BNs) utilizing expert and local knowledge. This not only improves organizational memory and transparency but also provides a direct link for assessing cost benefits and minimizing the risk of failure. Most importantly this prioritizes engagement, processes and an understanding of the local context. This paper describes how BNs have been developed and tested on water supply interventions in the town of Tarawa, Kiribati. Models have been populated using data from interviews and literature to evaluate water supply options, i.e. rainwater harvesting, desalination and reserve extensions; this paper reports only on the model relating to reserves extension, i.e. new reserves for protection of groundwater extracted for water distribution purposes.",Bayesian Networks (BNs) | Risk assessment | Water aid development,"18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM 2009 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Proceedings",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Moglia, M.;Perez, P.;Pope, S.;Burn, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953194452,10.4271/2008-01-2270,System dynamics modeling of an inspection-based process,"Ground Vibration Testing (GVT) of aircraft is typically performed very late in the development process. Main purpose of the test is to obtain experimental vibration data of the whole aircraft structure for validating and improving its structural dynamic models. Among other things, these models are used to predict the flutter behaviour and carefully plan the safety-critical in-flight tests. Due to the limited availability of the aircraft for a GVT and the fact that multiple configurations need to be tested, an extreme time pressure exists to get the test results. The aim of the paper is to discuss recent hardware and software technology advancements for performing a GVT that are able to realize an important testing and analysis time reduction without compromising the accuracy of the results. The paper will also look at the connection between the GVT and the other components of the development process by indicating how the GVT can be planned using the virtual prototype of the aircraft and how the GVT data analysis results can be used to obtain a highly reliable model for flutter prediction. Although, the presented modern GVT solutions apply to all types of aircraft, the paper will discuss the application to very large aircraft, recently tested at EADS CASA on the A310 and the A330 MRTT. The paper will discuss the following: Section 1 discusses the history, challenges and trends in Ground Vibration Testing. Section 2 highlights a modern hardware and software architecture allowing a 1000+ channel GVT. Different aircraft excitation techniques and modal parameter estimation techniques will be critically assessed. The technology is extensively illustrated by means of several recent GVT cases. Section 3 discusses the integrated use Finite Element (FE) models during the GVT. The FE model available before the GVT can be used to make predictions on the aircraft dynamic behaviour and to optimize the test arrangement and duration. Afterwards, the FE model is updated to better match the test results. © 2008 SAE International.",,SAE International Journal of Aerospace,2009-12-01,Article,"Peeters, Bart;Debille, Jan;Climent, Héctor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952980547,10.1145/1738826.1738838,A software product line process simulator,"There is an increasing interest in CSCW systems for supporting emergency and crisis management. In this paper we explore work practices in emergency animal disease management focusing on the high-level analysis and decision making of the Australian Consultative Committee for Emergency Animal Disease (CCEAD) - a geographically distributed committee established to recommend action plans during animal disease outbreak. Our findings explore the ways in which they currently share and analyse information together, focusing in particular on their teleconferencing mediated meetings. Our findings highlight factors relating to the time pressure of the task, diverse configuration of the group and asymmetrical settings and how these influence the groups information sharing and communication. We use the findings to discuss implications for collaboration technologies that could support the group and broader implications for similarly structured work groups. © ACM 2009.",Distributed collaboration | Emergency response | Workplace study,"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group - Design: Open 24/7, OZCHI '09",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Li, Jane;O'Hara, Kenton",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951581729,10.1518/107118109x12524443347751,Rapid development: taming wild software schedules,"Navigation is an essential element in many telerobotic operations especially those that involve time pressure and complex terrains. This study demonstrates that properly designed augmented reality interfaces can significantly aid human operators in the task of land based tele-robotic navigation. Participants in this study were assigned to one of three experimental conditions (control, sonification interface, visual interface). All participants were trained in tele-robotic landmine detection and navigation, the groups performed these tasks first with augmentation (session one) and then without (session two/transfer task). The results show that participants in the sonification interface group outperformed the visual interface and control group in terms of primary task sensitivity, the number of sectors cover and the number of sectors repeated. The results further indicated that a well designed AR navigation interface could serve as an effective training tool.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Stone, Richard T.;Bisantz, Ann;Llinas, James;Paquet, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870160482,10.1109/MS.2005.73,Practical guidelines for expert-judgment-based software effort estimation,"What are the roles of time and time pressures in design and performance of agile processes for software development? How do we plan our rapid development activities given the constraints of due dates? What does it mean to be on 'internet time'? Agile methods are meant to be fast-paced, but are they fast in an effective way? How do time-pressures influence the productivity of a project team and how do they impact the motivations of developers? This paper considers the time issues in agile approaches to managing software projects and posits research propositions to guide further study of this area.",Adaptable Software Development | Software Product Development | Time Pressures,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harris, Michael L.;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867828602,10.1109/FOSE.2007.24,Software reliability engineering: A roadmap,"This paper discusses the durability rationale behind the need for and selection of a coating system to be applied to reinforced concrete bridge piles driven into aggressive soils along a major road alignment. It also outlines the practical difficulties encountered during the first trials and the process and changes that were required to overcome physical constraints. Whilst some guidance as to the required actions to mitigate aggressive conditions is provided in the Australian Bridge and Piling codes and various State Road Authority specifications, achieving robust and efficient solutions that are suited to the construction processes required is not easy to achieve, particularly under the time pressures associated with the delivery of a major project. This case study sets out how the site was assessed for durability design, what solutions were formulated and suggested to the design team, how the designers and constructors selected the preferred solution, how that was implemented and the quality of the application assessed during construction.",Aggressive soils | Coatings. | Corrosion. | Durability. | Reinforced concrete.,49th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2009: Corrosion and Prevention 2009,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Blin, F.;Foggin, J.;White, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951524064,10.1518/107118109x12524442636508,Data compression in scientific and statistical databases,"Cases of retained foreign objects after surgery have been a problem since the beginning of modern surgery. However, the preventive measure to this problem has remained rather primitive - through manual surgical count by scrub nurses. The process of counting is subject to errors under stressful environment, such as time pressure, distractions, and high cognitive workload. The objective of this study is to measure the differences in the performance and attention patterns according to the expertise of the scrub nurses within an operating theatre, finally drawing a conclusion on the means through which the performance of scrub nurses can be optimized to reduce chances of errors. Qualitative observations on three different types of surgery and two eye movement data collected in the operation theatre have shown both qualitative and quantitative differences in performance and behavioral patterns between expert and novice scrub nurses, suggesting that task switching, task prioritization and situation awareness are latent factors affecting their task performances.",Attention patterns | Expertise | Operating theatre | Retained surgical items | Scrub nurses | Surgical count,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Koh, Ranieri Yung Ing;Yang, Xi;Yin, Shanqing;Ong, Lay Teng;Donchin, Yoel;Park, Taezoon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949747979,10.1109/CISE.2009.5365478,Exploring software project effort versus duration trade-offs,"Many time-critical applications, such as emergency evacuation, demand decision-makers to make prompt decisions under time pressure. Therefore, it is essential to design an intuitive and interactive User Interface to present critical information to users so that they can make effective decisions in time-critical situation. Using Ajax technology, this paper designs a GIS-based, flexible and interactive User Interface for emergency evacuation system to meet the aforementioned requirements. ©2009 IEEE.",GIS-based | HCI | Time-critical | UI,"Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, CiSE 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Fan, Wenjuan;Ling, Anhong;Li, Xiang;Liu, Gang;Zhan, Jian;Li, An;Sha, Yongzhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74049090377,10.1109/IAS.2009.204,Bayesian regularization based neural network tool for software effort estimation,"This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professional knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. © 2009 IEEE.",Group decision making formatting | InlinPreRa | MCDM | Multi-Criteria Incomplete Linguistic preference relations,"5th International Conference on Information Assurance and Security, IAS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Wang, Tien Chin;Peng, Shu Chen;Hsu, Shu Chen;Chang, Juifang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950501857,10.1145/1531674.1531720,A systematic review of software development cost estimation studies,"Information transfer under time pressure and stress often leads to information loss. This paper studies the characteristics and problems of information handover from the emergency medical services (EMS) crew to the trauma team when a critically injured patient arrives to the trauma bay. We consider the characteristics of the handover process and the subsequent use of transferred information. Our goal is to support the design of technology for information transfer by identifying specific challenges faced by EMS crews and trauma teams during handover. Data were drawn from observation and video recording of 18 trauma resuscitations. The study shows how EMS crews report information from the field and the types of information that they include in their reports. Particular problems occur when reports lack structure, continuity, and complete descriptions of treatments given en route. We also found that trauma team members have problems retaining reported information. They pay attention to the items needed for immediately treating the patient and inquire about other items when needed during the resuscitation. The paper identifies a set of design challenges that arise during information transfer under time pressure and stress, and discusses characteristics of potential technological solutions. © 2009 ACM.",Communication | Healthcare | Information handover | Teamwork | Time-critical work | Traumatic injury,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sarcevic, Aleksandra;Burd, Randall S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85086278752,,System and method for scheduled delivery of a software program over a cable network,"In 2003, SARS was a serious health concern in Canada. As of September 3 of that year, the Public Health Agency of Canada reported a total of 438 cases: 251 Probable (247 Ontario, 4 British Columbia) and 187 Suspect (128 Ontario, 46 British Columbia). Although the outbreak was short-lived, more than forty people died from the disease. A substantial database evolved as a consequence of control efforts. Specimens began to be received and tested at the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on March 17, 2003. NML's SARS database contains more than 12,000 records and 192 variables, with variables detailing clinical/ diagnostic (17), microbiological (143), epidemiological (25), and administrative (7) features. Clinical variables include: diarrhea, difficulty of breathing, severity of illness, systemic status, date of onset of illness, case status, case status modification, and case status modification date. Diagnostic variables include: fever, chest X-ray change, cough, shortness of breath, contact with probable case, travel, source of exposure, and contact type. Epidemiological data include: date of birth, age, sex, epidemiology cluster, and employment status. Administrative data include: patient's last name, first name, temporal data (date of collection of the specimen, date of its receipt, and first date of hospitalization of the patient) and spatial data (origin of specimen, and identity of the hospital). A wide variety of laboratory tests are included in the database: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA, 7 variables), Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA, 7); plaque reduction neutralization test (PRN, 3); cytopathogenic test (CPE, 2), and electron microscopy test (EM, 8). There are tests for Coronavirus (13 variables), human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 16), circovirus (Circo, 4), porcine circovirus (PCV1, 6), TT-virus (TTV, 7), TTV-like-mini-virus (TLMV, 7), Hantaanvirus (1), Rhinovirus (3), and Paramyxovirus (3). Nested PCR, RT-PCR, and sequencing tests are common among the viruses. The NML-SARS database evolved as part of an ongoing effort involving multiple institutions, multiple regions, intense time pressures, and the participation of many operational and scientific specialties (e.g., clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, administrators). Although the database arose in response to a specific disease in Canada, it can be looked upon as an example of what might typically arise from a public-health response to an outbreak of an emerging disease. Hence there is value in analysing the NML-SARS database, looking for general characteristics, and highlighting where opportunities for scientific advances exist. This is our objective. Putative characteristics of outbreak-response data sets are: ad hoc by definition; evolving database and data administration; basic assumptions (e.g., case definition) open to refinement; and insights that are often merely suggestive. Opportunities for scientific advancement include: Exploratory Data Analysis of evolving data sets; definition of a relational data model appropriate to outbreak-response data sets; improvement of statistical data modelling methodology to estimate empty blocks of cells (resulting as emerging understanding directs interest from one area to another); data analysis to refine basic assumptions made during control operations; process modelling to explore consequences of unverified insights.",Disease modelling | Outbreak-response data sets | Relational data model | SARS,"18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM 2009 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Proceedings",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cuff, Wilfred R.;Liang, Binhua;Duvvuri, Venkata R.;Wu, Jianhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951614943,10.1518/107118109x12524441079904,Developing project duration models in software engineering,"A key challenge facing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators is the need to re-plan routes on-the-fly when situations change. Operators must comprehend three-dimensional (3D) scenes and a multitude of potentially competing 3D mission and routing constraints in order to successfully re-plan, often under time pressure. Currently, there is significant research interest in supporting UAV operators through automation and improved visualizations. However, development and integration of these methods requires a careful understanding of the 3D spatial awareness challenges and requirements facing operators. To facilitate this understanding, here we report the design and validation of a synthetic task environment (STE) and testbed to study UAV re-planning. The STE is derived from a recent task analysis conducted with Navy UAV operators that focused on the key 3D spatial challenges entailed in re-planning. In an initial validation of the STE implemented in a re-planning testbed, several measures of re-planning performance were assessed for 36 participants working through controlled re-planning scenarios. The presence of mountainous terrain and the spatial overlap of mission constraints were parametrically varied. Performance was consistently worse in mountainous terrain, and in more highly-constrained conditions in mountainous terrain. In flat terrain, however, less constrained conditions resulted in paradoxically worse performance. Results have both basic and applied implications. Theoretically, the study provides a bridge between applied re-planning research and classic human problem solving work by allowing apparently simpler, unconstrained re-planning to be conceived of as less bounded search through re-planning problem space. For application, the results help constrain and define the requirements for future 3D visualization and automation support for UAV re-planning displays.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cook, Maia B.;Smallman, Harvey S.;Lacson, Frank C.;Manes, Daniel I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950506590,10.1145/1531674.1531739,Software sizing and costing models: a survey of empirical validation and comparison studies,"All domains of human activity and society require creativity. This dissertation applies machine learning and data mining techniques to create a framework for applying emerging Human Centric Computing (HCC) systems for study and creation of creativity support tools. The proposed system collects and analyzes highresolution on-line and physically captured contextual and social data to substantially contribute to new and better understandings of workplace behavior, social and affective experience, and creative activities. Using this high granularity data, dynamic instruments that use real-time sensing and inference algorithms to provide guidance and support on events and processes related to affect and creativity will be developed and evaluated. In the long term, it is expected that this approach will lead to adaptive reflective technologies that stimulate collaborative activity, reduce time pressure and interruption, mitigate detrimental effects of negative affect, and increase individual and team creative activity and outcomes. © 2009 ACM.",Affect and creativity | Creative ubiquitous environments | Creativeit | Creativity support tools | Cscw | Human social network | Hybrid methodologies,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Tripathi, Priyamvada",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70849112950,10.1145/1531674.1531684,System and method for scheduled delivery of a software program over a cable network,"Increasingly, large organizations are experimenting with internal social media (e.g., blogs, forums) as a platform for widespread distributed collaboration. Contributions to their counterparts outside the organization's firewall are driven by attention from strangers, in addition to sharing among friends. However, employees in a workplace under time pressures may be reluctant to participate and the audience for their contributions is comparatively smaller. Participation rates also vary widely from group to group. So what influences people to contribute in this environment? In this paper, we present the results of a year-long empirical study of internal social media participation at a large technology company, and analyze the impact attention, feedback, and managers' and coworkers' participation have on employees' behavior. We find feedback in the form of posted comments is highly correlated with a user's subsequent participation. Recent manager and coworker activity relate to users initiating or resuming participation in social media. These findings extend, to an aggregate level, the results from prior interviews about blogging at the company and offer design and policy implications for organizations seeking to encourage social media adoption. © 2009 ACM.",Attention | Blogs | Contributions | Feedback | Social media,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Brzozowski, Michael J.;Sandholm, Thomas;Hogg, Tad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450164263,10.1109/HIS.2009.186,Factors influencing software development productivity—state‐of‐the‐art and industrial experiences,"The proposes of this study is to ascertain the effect of using Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations based group decision making under a fuzzy environment to help decision makers select the best one amongst multiple criteria and alternatives. This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professiona l knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. In this study, the Web shops' performances will be evaluated effective and immediate in this model. © 2009 IEEE.",Group decision making | InlinPreRa | MCDM | Multi-criteria incomplete linguistic preference relations,"Proceedings - 2009 9th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, HIS 2009",2009-11-27,Conference Paper,"Wang, Tien Chin;Peng, Shu Chen;Hsu, Shu Chen;Chang, Juifang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450162180,10.1109/5326.971664,A scheduling approach for design activities in concurrent engineering,"This study investigates a severe form of segmental reduction known as contraction. In Taiwan Mandarin, a disyllabic word or phrase is often contracted into a monosyllabic unit in conversational speech, just as ""do not"" is often contracted into ""don't"" in English. A systematic experiment was conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of such contraction. Preliminary results show evidence that contraction is not a categorical shift but a gradient undershoot of the articulatory target as a result of time pressure. Moreover, contraction seems to occur only beyond a certain duration threshold. These findings may further our understanding of the relation between duration and segmental reduction. Copyright © 2009 ISCA.",Contraction | Duration | Reduction | Speech rate | Taiwan Mandarin | Undershoot,"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH",2009-11-26,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Chierh;Xu, Yi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350583212,10.1007/978-3-642-03655-2_99,An examination of software engineering work practices,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff is a common phenomenon in many types of human motor tasks. In general, the more accurately the task is to be accomplished, the more time it takes, and vice versa. In particular, when users attempt to complete the task with a specified amount of time, the accuracy of the task can be considered as a dependent variable to measure user performance. In this paper we investigate speed-accuracy tradeoff in trajectory-based tasks with temporal constraint, through a controlled experiment that manipulates the movement time (MT) in addition to the tunnel amplitude (A) and width (W). A quantitative model is proposed and validated to predict the task accuracy in terms of lateral standard deviation (SD) of the trajectory. © 2009 Springer.",Human performance model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Temporal constraint | Trajectory-based tasks,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2009-11-06,Conference Paper,"Zhou, Xiaolei;Cao, Xiang;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023867886,,Theory-W software project management: A case study,"The authors present a candidate unifying principle to guide software project management. Reflecting various alphabetical management theories (X, Y, Z), it is called the Theory W approach to software project management. They explain the Theory W principle and its two subsidiary principles: plan the flight and fly the plan; and, identify and manage your risks. To test the practicability of Theory W, a case study is presented and analyzed: the attempt to introduce new information systems to a large industrial corporation in an emerging nation. The analysis shows that Theory W and its subsidiary principles do an effective job both in explaining why the project encountered problems, and in prescribing ways in which the problems could have been avoided.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1988-01-01,Conference Paper,"Boehm, Barry;Ross, Rony",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349928945,10.1007/978-3-642-04133-4_11,Constraint-based schedule repair for product development projects with time-limited constraints,"During a software process improvement program, the current state of software development processes is being assessed and improvement actions are being determined. However, these improvement actions are based on process models obtained during interviews and document studies, e.g. quality manuals. Such improvements are scarcely based on the practical way of working in an organization; they do not take into account shortcuts made due to e.g. time pressure. Becoming conscious about the presence of such deviations and understanding their causes and impacts, consequences for particular software process improvement activities in a particular organization could be proposed. This paper reports on the application of process mining techniques to discover shortcomings in the Change Control Board process in an organization during the different lifecycle phases and to determine improvement activities. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.",Performance analysis | Process mining | Software process improvement,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2009-10-19,Conference Paper,"Šamalíková, Jana;Trienekens, Jos J.M.;Kusters, Rob J.;Weijters, A. J.M.M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349739015,10.1109/ICIW.2009.96,System dynamics in software project management: towards the development of a formal integrated framework,"In this paper, we present a computing theory and its analysis for collaborative and transparent decision making under temporary constraint, i.e., cost of time pressure which decision makers face in negotiation. We have formulated the proposed computing theory based on game theory and information economics, and checked its feasibility in its applications to a case study. A general heuristics tells that the critical point of selection of proper strategies between collaboration and competition is the half time of the maximum acceptable time for negotiation. The proposed theory shows that the true critical point is the one-third of the maximum acceptable time for negotiation so that conventional decision support systems should be re-designed to select the strategy of collaboration at the much earlier stage. © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 2009 4th International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, ICIW 2009",2009-10-13,Conference Paper,"Sasaki, Hideyasu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350505827,10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.016,"An approach towards software No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure assessment","Winkens I, Van Heugten CM, Wade DT, Habets EJ, Fasotti L. Efficacy of Time Pressure Management in stroke patients with slowed information processing: a randomized controlled trial. Objective: To examine the effects of a Time Pressure Management (TPM) strategy taught to stroke patients with mental slowness, compared with the effects of care as usual. Design: Randomized controlled trial with outcome assessments conducted at baseline, at the end of treatment (at 5-10wk), and at 3 months. Setting: Eight Dutch rehabilitation centers. Participants: Stroke patients (N=37; mean age ± SD, 51.5±9.7y) in rehabilitation programs who had a mean Barthel score ± SD at baseline of 19.6±1.1. Intervention: Ten hours of treatment teaching patients a TPM strategy to compensate for mental slowness in real-life tasks. Main Outcome Measures: Mental Slowness Observation Test and Mental Slowness Questionnaire. Results: Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (n=20) and to care as usual (n=17). After 10 hours of treatment, both groups showed a significant decline in number of complaints on the Mental Slowness Questionnaire. This decline was still present at 3 months. At 3 months, the Mental Slowness Observation Test revealed significantly higher increases in speed of performance of the TPM group in comparison with the care-as-usual group (t=-2.7, P=.01). Conclusions: Although the TPM group and the care-as-usual group both showed fewer complaints after a 3-month follow-up period, only the TPM group showed improved speed of performance on everyday tasks. Use of TPM treatment therefore is recommended when treating stroke patients with mental slowness. © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.",Cognitive therapy | Information processing | Rehabilitation | Stroke,Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,2009-10-01,Article,"Winkens, Ieke;Van Heugten, Caroline M.;Wade, Derick T.;Habets, Esther J.;Fasotti, Luciano",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951683247,10.1080/10400410903297964,A model for estimating the impact of low productivity on the schedule of a software development project,"Workplace changes necessitate employees' innovative behavior. Developing and implementing new ideas can be enhanced by focusing on situational characteristics and adjusting them to improve employees' working conditions. To date, mostly interactions between situational and personal characteristics on innovative behavior have been researched. This study focused explicitly on the interaction between 3 situational characteristics: Time pressure, skill variety, and feedback from supervisors. A questionnaire study was administered to 81 employees (age range 40-64 years) from different organizations. Results indicated direct positive correlations between time pressure and skill variety with idea generation and implementation. Feedback from supervisors moderated the positive relationships while controlling for effects of creative thinking abilities. Implications are explored. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Creativity Research Journal,2009-10-01,Article,"Noefer, Katrin;Stegmaier, Ralf;Molter, Beate;Sonntag, Karlheinz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72449143751,,Overview of the EIA 632 standard: processes for engineering a system,"The deliberation process is rarely considered in conventional route choice models. In this paper, the decision field theory (DFT) is used as the theoretical basis to develop a framework and to model the process-oriented vehicle dynamic route choice. The interactions of driver psychology, road conditions, and decision-making time are taken into account, and the travel time, distance, as well as the number of intersections are set as the main attributes in the model. In this way, the model is closer to the actual decision-making process. The model simulation results show that incomplete traffic information leads to ""certainty effect"", and cannot guide the driver effectively. The drivers' route choice decisions and processes depend on the drivers' characteristics, uncertainty of road conditions, as well as the time pressure which reduces quality of decision-making and cause ""reversal phenomenon"". ©2009 by Science Press.",Decision field theory | Deliberation process | Time pressure | Vehicle routing choice,Jiaotong Yunshu Xitong Gongcheng Yu Xinxi/ Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2009-10-01,Article,"Gao, Feng;Wang, Ming Zhe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70549091038,10.1016/s1570-6672(08)60082-3,Educating software engineering students to manage risk,"Pedestrian flow characteristics analysis and model calibration constitute the base and key processes of pedestrian simulation. Field data of pedestrian flow was collected in Chinese comprehensive passenger transport terminal-Xizhimen underground station using video recording, and then selected and analyzed by statistic analysis software SPSS. Parameters relation models for pedestrian flow on different terminal facilities were established based on data statistics. The results show that the pedestrian flow-density relation model is quadratic equation an corridor; the flow-space relation model is quadratic equation when space is below a certain value and is logarithmic equation when space is above the value; the speed-density relation model is linear equation. The models on stairs show the similar characteristics, but the eigenvalue is different. Parameters of social force model were acquired based on these models. Range of semi-major axis of pedestrian ellipse in social force model was ascertained. Considering time pressure as a factor pattern, expect speed in social force model was obtained by multiplying this factor and speed-density function together. ©2009 by Science Press.",Comprehensive transport terminal | Model parameter calibration | Pedestrian flow characteristic | Traffic simulation,Jiaotong Yunshu Xitong Gongcheng Yu Xinxi/ Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2009-01-01,Article,"Jia, Hong Fei;Yang, Li Li;Tang, Ming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85190930761,10.1145/1520340.1520715,Verifying and validating software requirements and design specifications,"This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1985.",,Mechanics of the Middle Class: Work and Politics Among American Engineers,2024-03-29,Book,"Zussman, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69949112022,10.1007/978-3-642-03603-3_9,Determining how much software assurance is enough? A value-based approach,"Like in any other auctioning environment, entities participating in Power Stock Markets have to compete against other in order to maximize own revenue. Towards the satisfaction of their goal, these entities (agents - human or software ones) may adopt different types of strategies - from na?ve to extremely complex ones - in order to identify the most profitable goods compilation, the appropriate price to buy or sell etc, always under time pressure and auction environment constraints. Decisions become even more difficult to make in case one takes the vast volumes of historical data available into account: goods' prices, market fluctuations, bidding habits and buying opportunities. Within the context of this paper we present Cassandra, a multi-agent platform that exploits data mining, in order to extract efficient models for predicting Power Settlement prices and Power Load values in typical Day-ahead Power markets. The functionality of Cassandra is discussed, while focus is given on the bidding mechanism of Cassandra's agents, and the way data mining analysis is performed in order to generate the optimal forecasting models. Cassandra has been tested in a real-world scenario, with data derived from the Greek Energy Stock market. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.",Data Mining | Energy Stock Markets | Regression Methods | Software Agents,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2009-09-14,Conference Paper,"Chrysopoulos, Anthony C.;Symeonidis, Andreas L.;Mitkas, Pericles A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-35348992672,10.5465/AMR.2007.26586086,Schedule management method study of middle and small software projects,"Methodological fit, an implicitly valued attribute of high-quality field research in organizations, has received little attention in the management literature. Fit refers to internal consistency among elements of a research project - research question, prior work, research design, and theoretical contribution. We introduce a contingency framework that relates prior work to the design of a research project, paying particular attention to the question of when to mix qualitative and quantitative data in a single research paper. We discuss implications of the framework for educating new field researchers. Copyright at the Academy of Management, all rights reserved.",,Academy of Management Review,2007-01-01,Article,"Edmondson, Amy C.;Mcmanus, Stacy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035531999,10.5465/AMR.2001.4378023,Multistage software estimation,"We introduce social networks theory and methods as a way of understanding mentoring in the current career context. We first introduce a typology of ""developmental networks"" using core concepts from social networks theory - network diversity and tie strength - to view mentoring as a multiple relationship phenomenon. We then propose a framework illustrating factors that shape developmental network structures and offer propositions focusing on the developmental consequences for individuals having different types of developmental networks in their careers. We conclude with strategies both for testing our propositions and for researching multiple developmental relationships further.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Review,"Higgins, Monica C.;Kram, Kathy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349305400,10.1177/0961463X09337847,"Time-cost-No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure trade-off software by using simplified genetic algorithm for typical repetitive construction projects","Complaints about time shortage permeate contemporary western societies. Many disciplines, from sociology to economics, have been involved in research and theorizing about time shortage, in contrast to the paucity of psychological research. This review of the extant heterogeneous terminology proposes that chronic time pressure (CTP) be used as temporary overarching term, subsuming the objective component of time shortage and the subjective-emotional component of being rushed. Feeling rushed may lead to the perception of time shortage. The review explores how most previous research on CTP used surveys and time-diaries that were developed to assess time allocations and have limited usefulness in examining subjective temporal experience. The recently developed Experience Sampling Method and Daily Reconstruction Method, combined with in-depth interviews, augment existing methods and may provide detailed analyses of the being rushed component of CTP. Conceptual ties to other disciplines and to well-being and stress research are also emphasized. © 2009, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",chronic time pressure | DRM | ESM | psychology | review,Time & Society,2009-01-01,Article,"Szollos, Alex",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450162300,10.1145/1531674.1531710,Hardware/software codesign: a systematic approach targeting data-intensive applications,"Micro-blogs, a relatively new phenomenon, provide a new communication channel for people to broadcast information that they likely would not share otherwise using existing channels (e.g., email, phone, IM, or weblogs). Micro-blogging has become popu-lar quite quickly, raising its potential for serving as a new informal communication medium at work, providing a variety of impacts on collaborative work (e.g., enhancing information sharing, building common ground, and sustaining a feeling of connectedness among colleagues). This exploratory research project is aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of how and why people use Twitter - a popular micro-blogging tool - and exploring micro-blog's poten-tial impacts on informal communication at work. © 2009 ACM.",Informal communication | Micro-blog | Twitter,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Dejin;Rosson, Mary Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036017981,10.2307/3094890,Software estimating technology: A survey,"Based on a three-year inductive field study of an attempt at radical change in a large firm, I show how middle managers displayed two seemingly opposing emotion-management patterns that facilitated beneficial adaptation for their work groups: (1) emotionally committing to personally championed change projects and (2) attending to recipients' emotions. Low emotional commitment to change led to organizational inertia, whereas high commitment to change with little attending to recipients' emotions led to chaos. The enactment of both patterns constituted emotional balancing and facilitated organizational adaptation: change, continuity in providing quality in customer service, and developing new knowledge and skills.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2002-01-01,Article,"Huy, Quy Nguyen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84909015748,10.4324/9781410607423,A multiproject perspective of single-project dynamics,"The growing interest in multiple commitments among researchers and practitioners is evinced by the greater attention in the literature to the broader concept of work commitment. This includes specific objects of commitment, such as organization, work group, occupation, the union, and one's job. In the last several years a sizable body of research has accumulated on the multidimensional approach to commitment. This knowledge needs to be marshaled, its strengths highlighted, and its importance, as well as some of its weaknesses made known, with the aim of guiding future research on commitment based on a multidimensional approach. This book's purpose is to summarize this knowledge, as well as to suggest ideas and directions for future research. Most of the book addresses what seems to be the important aspects of commitment by a multidimensional approach: the differences among these forms, the definition and boundaries of commitment foci as part of a multidimensional approach, their interrelationships, and their effect on outcomes, mainly work outcomes. Two chapters concern aspects rarely examined--the relationship of commitment foci to aspects of nonwork domains and cross-cultural aspects of commitment foci--that should be important topics for future research. Addressing innovative focuses of multiple commitments at work, this book: * suggests a provocative and innovative approach on how to conceptualize and understand multiple commitments in the workplace; * provides a thorough and updated review of the existing research on multiple commitments; * analyzes the relationships among commitment forms and how they might affect behavior at work; and * covers topics rarely covered in multiple commitment research and includes all common scales of commitment forms that can assist researchers and practitioners in measuring commitment forms.",,Multiple Commitments in the Workplace: An Integrative Approach,2003-01-01,Book,"Cohen, Aaron",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68349135055,10.1016/j.ergon.2009.01.001,"Independent verification and validation: A life cycle engineering process for No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure software","As a part of a comprehensive ergonomics program, this study was conducted among employees of an Iranian petrochemical industry to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and to examine the relationship between perceived demands and reported symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 928 randomly selected employees, corresponding to nearly 40% of all employees participated. Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire and Job Content Questionnaire were used as collecting data tools. The results showed that 73% of the study population had experienced some form of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system during the last 12 months. Knees and lower back symptoms were the most prevalent problem among the employees studied. The results revealed that perceived physical demands were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms (OR ranged from 1.45 to 2.33). Among the perceived physical demands, awkward working postures were most frequently associated with reported musculoskeletal symptoms. Association was also found between perceived psychological demands and reported symptoms. Conflicting demands, waiting on work from other people or departments, interruption that other make, working very fast and time pressure were psychological factors retained in the regression models with OR ≥ 1.49. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that any interventional program for preventing or reducing musculoskeletal symptoms among the petrochemical employees studied had to focus on reducing physical demands, particularly awkward working postures as well as psychological aspect of working environment. Relevance to industry: In petrochemical industry where employees are involved in both static and dynamic activities, determination of musculoskeletal symptoms contributing factors can be considered as a basis for planning and implementing interventional ergonomics program for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and improving working conditions. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Musculoskeletal risk factors | Musculoskeletal symptoms | Perceived demands | Petrochemical industry,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2009-09-01,Article,"Choobineh, Alireza;Sani, Gholamreza Peyvandi;Rohani, Mohsen Sharif;Pour, Mohammad Gangi;Neghab, Masoud",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539345,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393903,Classifying software for reusability,,,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Ancona, Deborah G.;Goodman, Paul S.;Lawrence, Barbara S.;Tushman, Michael L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4544325571,10.1007/s12094-009-0319-9,Using Bayesian belief networks to predict the reliability of military vehicles,"Most current designs of information technology are based on the notion of supporting distinct tasks such as document production, email usage, and voice communication. In this paper we present empirical results that suggest that people organize their work in terms of much larger and thematically connected units of work. We present results of fieldwork observation of information workers in three different roles: analysts, software developers, and managers. We discovered that all of these types of workers experience a high level of discontinuity in the execution of their activities. People average about three minutes on a task and somewhat more than two minutes using any electronic tool or paper document before switching tasks. We introduce the concept of working spheres to explain the inherent way in which individuals conceptualize and organize their basic units of work. People worked in an average of ten different working spheres. Working spheres are also fragmented; people spend about 12 minutes in a working sphere before they switch to another. We argue that design of information technology needs to support people's continual switching between working spheres.",Attention management | Empirical study | Information overload | Interruptions | Time management,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2004-10-01,Conference Paper,"González, Victor M.;Mark, Gloria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67349177131,10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.10.001,System dynamics applied to the modelling of software projects,"Maritime disaster can cause loss of human life and economy, as well as environment damage. Also the disaster rescue is difficult for the complexity of rescue process. Disaster rescue is emergent and urgent most of the time; therefore, quick response is rather important. The existing knowledge always supplies some strategies and generates a rescue plan by human expertise manual decision-making. The rescue plan obtained manually may be not a good one due to the lack of time available for human decision-makers to make decisions. To overcome limited time pressure, while retaining minimum rescue project duration, a rescue plan for the maritime disaster rescue is obtained with the application of heuristic resource-constrained project scheduling approach in this paper. Meanwhile a heuristic algorithm is proposed to generate the minimum project duration and the activities start times. To study its performance, 20 maritime rescue examples (21-50 activities) were tested. By comparing with those generated by the manual decision-making method, the results generated by heuristic algorithm indicate high efficiency. It also identifies the critical chain of the rescue project, which can help decision-makers control the rescue process efficiently. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.",Disaster rescue | Heuristics | Resource-constrained project | Scheduling,International Journal of Project Management,2009-08-01,Article,"Yan, Liang;Jinsong, Bao;Xiaofeng, Hu;Ye, Jin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33644595351,10.1287/orsc.1050.0157,The art of requirements triage,"In our study of an interactive marketing organization, we examine how members of different communities perform boundary-spanning coordination work in conditions of high speed, uncertainty, and rapid change. We find that members engage in a number of cross-boundary coordination practices that make their work visible and legible to each other, and that enable ongoing revision and alignment. Drawing on the notion of a ""trading zone,"" we suggest that by engaging in these practices, members enact a coordination structure that affords cross-boundary coordination while facilitating adaptability, speed, and learning. We also find that these coordination practices do not eliminate jurisdictional conflicts, and often generate problematic consequences such as the privileging of speed over quality, suppression of difference, loss of comprehension, misinterpretation and ambiguity, rework, and temporal pressure. After discussing our empirical findings, we explore their implications for organizations attempting to operate in the uncertain and rapidly changing contexts of postbureaucratic work. © 2006 INFORMS.",Cross-boundary coordination | Information technology | Knowledge | New organizational forms | Trading zone | Work practices,Organization Science,2006-01-01,Review,"Kellogg, Katherine C.;Orlikowski, Wanda J.;Yates, Jo Anne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242636029,10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00113-1,Maximizing synchronization coverage via controlling thread schedule,"This paper describes how a team of entrepreneurs is formed in a high-tech start-up, how the team copes with crisis situations during the start-up phase, and how both the team as a whole and the team members individually learn from these crises. The progress of a high-tech university spin-off has been followed up from the idea phase until the post-start-up phase. Adopting a prospective, qualitative approach, the basic argument of this paper is that shocks in the founding team and the position of its champion co-evolve with shocks in the development of the business. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Champion | Entrepreneurial team formation | Research-based spin-off,Journal of Business Venturing,2004-01-01,Article,"Clarysse, Bart;Moray, Nathalie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67649411613,10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.010,Software project management in practice,"The traditional emphasis when measuring performance in animal cognition has been overwhelmingly on accuracy, independent of decision time. However, more recently, it has become clear that tradeoffs exist between decision speed and accuracy in many ecologically relevant tasks, for example, prey and predator detection and identification; pollinators choosing between flower species; and spatial exploration strategies. Obtaining high-quality information often increases sampling time, especially under noisy conditions. Here we discuss the mechanisms generating such speed-accuracy tradeoffs, their implications for animal decision making (including signalling, communication and mate choice) and the significance of differences in decision strategies among species, populations and individuals. The ecological relevance of such tradeoffs can be better understood by considering the neuronal mechanisms underlying decision-making processes. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2009-07-01,Review,"Chittka, Lars;Skorupski, Peter;Raine, Nigel E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902227473,10.1016/B978-1-55860-808-5.X5000-X,Software engineering challenges in game development,"Finally thorough pedagogical survey of the multidisciplinary science of HCI.Human-Computer Interaction spans many disciplines, from the social and behavioral sciences to information and computer technology. But of all the textbooks on HCI technology and applications, none has adequately addressed HCI's multidisciplinary foundations until now. HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks fills a huge void in the education and training of advanced HCI students. Its authors comprise a veritable house of diamonds internationally known HCI researchers, every one of whom has successfully applied a unique scientific method to solve practical problems. Each chapter focuses on a different scientific analysis or approach, but all in an identical format, especially designed to facilitate comparison of the various models.HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks answers the question raised by the other HCI textbooks: How can HCI theory can support practice in HCI?* Traces HCI research from its origins* Surveys 14 different successful research approaches in HCI* Presents each approach in a common format to facilitate comparisons* Web-enhanced with teaching tools at http://www.HCImodels.com. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",,"HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science",2003-01-01,Book,"Carroll, John M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861291441,10.1007/s00170-008-1700-5,Multiple-process behavioral synthesis for mixed hardware-software systems,"We present data from detailed observation of 24 information workers that shows that they experience work fragmentation as common practice. We consider that work fragmentation has two components: length of time spent in an activity, and frequency of interruptions. We examined work fragmentation along three dimensions: effect of collocation, type of interruption, and resumption of work. We found work to be highly fragmented: people average little time in working spheres before switching and 57% of their working spheres are interrupted. Collocated people work longer before switching but have more interruptions. Most internal interruptions are due to personal work whereas most external interruptions are due to central work. Though most interrupted work is resumed on the same day, more than two intervening activities occur before it is. We discuss implications for technology design: how our results can be used to support people to maintain continuity within a larger framework of their working spheres. Copyright 2005 ACM.",Attention management | Empirical study | Information overload | Interruptions | Multi-tasking,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Mark, Gloria;Gonzalez, Victor M.;Harris, Justin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444538586,10.1177/0149206305279113,Automatic creation of a crashing-based schedule plan as countermeasures against process delay,"Team virtuality is an important factor that is gaining prominence in the literature on teams. Departing from previous research that focused on geographic dispersion, the authors define team virtuality as the extent to which team members use virtual tools to coordinate and execute team processes, the amount of informational value provided by such tools, and the synchronicity of team member virtual interaction. The authors identify the key factors that lead groups to higher levels of team virtuality and the implications of their model for management theory and practice. © 2005 Southern Management Association. All rights reserved.",Teams | Technology | Virtual | Virtuality,Journal of Management,2005-10-01,Article,"Kirkman, Bradley L.;Mathieu, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1842730408,10.1177/0969776404041417,Empirical studies in software development projects: Field survey and OS/400 study,"This paper seeks to contrast two opposing logics of project-based learning. Accumulation and modularization of knowledge denote the key imperatives of a learning logic that is exemplified by the software ecology in Munich. Learning is geared towards moving from 'one-off' to repeatable solutions. This cumulative logic is juxtaposed with a discontinuous learning regime that is driven by the maxims of originality and creativity. 'Learning by switching' here signifies the emblematic knowledge practice that is exemplified by the London advertising ecology. The paper explores these learning modes by subsequently exploring processes of learning and forgetting within and between the core team, the firm, and the epistemic community tied together for the completion of a specific project. In addition, the paper also directs attention to more diffuse learning processes in an awareness space that extends beyond and beneath the actual production ties. Instead of mapping the awareness space along a simplistic scalar nesting of network density and knowledge types (reduced to the notorious global vs local dichotomy), the paper proposes a differentiation that primarily involves different social and communicative logics. Whereas communality signifies lasting and intense ties, sociality signifies intense and yet ephemeral relations and connectivity indicates transient and weak networks. © 2004 SAGE Publications.",Advertising | Learning | Networks | Project ecologies | Software,European Urban and Regional Studies,2004-04-01,Article,"Grabher, Gernot",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036625108,10.2307/3094806,Managing software engineering knowledge,"To better understand the factors that support or inhibit internally focused change, we conducted an inductive study of one firm's attempt to improve two of its core business processes. Our data suggest that the critical determinants of success in efforts to learn and improve are the interactions between managers' attributions about the cause of poor organizational performance and the physical structure of the workplace, particularly delays between investing in improvement and recognizing the rewards. Building on this observation, we propose a dynamic model capturing the mutual evolution of those attributions, managers' and workers' actions, and the production technology. We use the model to show how managers' beliefs about those who work for them, workers' beliefs about those who manage them, and the physical structure of the environment can coevolve to yield an organization characterized by conflict, mistrust, and control structures that prevent useful change of any type.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2002-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.;Sterman, John D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947322194,10.1109/TSE.2006.116,An economic model to estimate software rewriting and replacement times,"Much of software developers' time is spent understanding unfamiliar code. To better understand how developers gain this understanding and how software development environments might be involved, a study was performed in which developers were given an unfamiliar program and asked to work on two debugging tasks and three enhancement tasks for 70 minutes. The study found that developers interleaved three activities. They began by searching for relevant code both manually and using search tools; however, they based their searches on limited and misrepresentative cues in the code, environment, and executing program, often leading to failed searches. When developers found relevant code, they followed its incoming and outgoing dependencies, often returning to it and navigating its other dependencies; while doing so, however, Eclipse's navigational tools caused significant overhead. Developers collected code and other information that they believed would be necessary to edit, duplicate, or otherwise refer to later by encoding it in the interactive state of Eclipse's package explorer, file tabs, and scroll bars. However, developers lost track of relevant code as these interfaces were used for other tasks, and developers were forced to find it again. These issues caused developers to spend, on average, 35 percent of their time performing the mechanics of navigation within and between source files. These observations suggest a new model of program understanding grounded in theories of information foraging and suggest ideas for tools that help developers seek, relate, and collect information in a more effective and explicit manner. © 2006 IEEE.",Empirical software engineering | Information foraging | Information scent | Program comprehension | Program investigation | Program understanding,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2006-12-01,Article,"Ko, Andrew J.;Myers, Brad A.;Coblenz, Michael J.;Aung, Htet Htet",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548742277,10.1109/ICSE.2007.45,Effort estimation using analogy,"Previous research has documented the fragmented nature of software development work. To explain this in more detail, we analyzed software developers'day-to-day inform a tion n eeds. We observed seven teen developers a t a large software company and transcribed their activities in po-minute sessions. We analyzed these logs for the information that developers sought, the sources that they used, and the situations that prevented information from being acquired. We identified twenty-one information types and cataloged the outcome and source when each type of information was sought The most frequently sought information included awareness about artifacts and coworkers. The most often deferred searches included knowledge about design and program behavior, such as why code was written a particular way, what a program was supposed to do, and the cause of a program state. Developers often had to defer tasks because the only source of knowledge was unavailable coworkers. ©2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2007-09-25,Conference Paper,"Ko, Andrew J.;DeLine, Robert;Venolia, Gina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038711737,10.5465/AMR.2003.10196791,Software estimation: demystifying the black art,"We discuss four key types of work interruptions-intrusions, breaks, distractions, and discrepancies-having different causes and consequences, and we delineate the principle features of each and specify when each kind of interruption is likely to have positive or negative consequences for the person being interrupted. By discussing in detail the multiple kinds of interruptions and their potential for positive or negative consequences, we provide a means for organizational scholars to treat interruptions and their consequences in more discriminating ways.",,Academy of Management Review,2003-01-01,Review,"Jett, Quintus R.;George, Jennifer M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642573293,10.1111/j.1540-5414.2003.02292.x,"Using process modeling and dynamic simulation to support software process No empirical evidence on time pressure, not focused on time pressure management","Interruptions are a frequent occurrence in the work life of most decision makers. This paper investigated the influence of interruptions on different types of decision-making tasks and the ability of information presentation formats, an aspect of information systems design, to alleviate them. Results from the experimental study indicate that interruptions facilitate performance on simple tasks, while inhibiting performance on more complex tasks. Interruptions also influenced the relationship between information presentation format and the type of task performed: spatial presentation formats were able to mitigate tghe effects of interruptions while symbolic formats were not. The paper presents a broad conceptualization of interruptions and interprets the ramifications of the experimental findings within this conceptualization to develop a program for future research.",Decision Making | Information Presentation Formats | Interruptions,Decision Sciences,2003-09-01,Article,"Speier, Cheri;Vessey, Iris;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868256714,10.1126/science.1222426,Performance evaluation of software virtual private networks (VPN),"Poor individuals often engage in behaviors, such as excessive borrowing, that reinforce the conditions of poverty. Some explanations for these behaviors focus on personality traits of the poor. Others emphasize environmental factors such as housing or financial access. We instead consider how certain behaviors stem simply from having less. We suggest that scarcity changes how people allocate attention: It leads them to engage more deeply in some problems while neglecting others. Across several experiments, we show that scarcity leads to attentional shifts that can help to explain behaviors such as overborrowing. We discuss how this mechanism might also explain other puzzles of poverty.",,Science,2012-11-02,Article,"Shah, Anuj K.;Mullainathan, Sendhil;Shafir, Eldar",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27744459284,10.1177/1468794105056923,The measurement and management of software reliability,"Shadowing is a qualitative research technique that has seldom been used and rarely been discussed critically in the social science literature. This article has pulled together all of the studies using shadowing as a research method and through reviewing these studies has developed a threefold classification of different modes of shadowing. This work provides a basis for a qualitative shadowing method to be defined, and its potential for a distinctive contribution to organizational research to be discussed, for the first time. Copyright © 2005 SAGE Publications.",Literature review | Organizational research | Shadowing,Qualitative Research,2005-11-23,Article,"McDonald, Seonaidh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032657608,10.1016/S0737-6782(98)00048-4,Study on cloud computing task schedule strategy based on MACO algorithm [J],"This study empirically investigates a wide array of factors that have been argued to differentiate fast from slow innovation processes from the perspective of the research and development organization. We test the effects of strategic orientation (criteria- and scope-related variables) and organizational capability (staffing- and structuring-related variables) on the speed of 75 new product development projects from ten large firms in several industries. Backward-elimination regression analysis revealed that (a) clear time-goals, longer tenure among team members, and parallel development increased speed, whereas (b) design for manufacturability, frequent product testing, and computer-aided design systems decreased speed. However, when projects were sorted by magnitude of change, different factors were found to influence the speed of radical and incremental projects. Moreover, some factors that speed up radical innovation (e.g., concept clarity, champion presence, co-location) were found to slow down incremental innovation. Together, the radical and incremental models explain differences in speed better than the general model. This suggests a contingency approach to speeding up innovation. Implications for researchers and managers are discussed.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,1999-01-01,Article,"Kessler, Eric H.;Chakrabarti, Alok K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650677144,10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2018636,Quantifying the effects of process improvement on effort,"The goal of raising customer loyalty in electronic commerce requires an emphasis on one-to-one marketing and personalized services. To this end, it is essential to understand individual customer preferences for products. In this paper, we present a method for identifying customer preferences and recommending the most appropriate product. The identification and recommendation of such products are all based on the use of customer's real-time web usage behavior, including activities such as viewing, basket placement, and purchasing of products. Therefore, in this approach, we do not force a customer to explicitly express his or her preference information for particular products but rather capture his or her preferences from data that result from such activities. Information on the web usage behavior for the products determines the ordinal relationships among the products, which express that certain product is preferred to other products across the multiple aspects. The ordinal relationships among the products and the multiple aspects of products lead to the consideration of a multiple-criteria decision-making approach. Thus, the problem eventually results in the identification of weights attached to the multiple criteria in the multidimensional preference space constructed by the ordinal relationships among the products. The derived weights are then used for the prioritization of products that are not included in the navigation behavior due to factors such as time pressure, cognitive burden, and the like. © 2009 IEEE.",Electronic commerce | Fuzzy linguistic quantifier | Implicit feedback | Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) | Personalized recommendations,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans",2009-05-18,Article,"Choi, Duke Hyun;Ahn, Byeog Seok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1342285662,10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00009,Hardware-software cosynthesis for digital systems,"Empirical studies of strategizing face contradictory pressures. Ethnographic approaches arc attractive, and typically expected since we need to collect data on strategists and their practices within context. We argue, however, that today's large, multinational, and highly diversified organizational settings require complimentary methods providing more breadth and flexibility. This paper discusses three particularly promising approaches (interactive discussion groups, self-reports, and practitioner-led research) that fit the increasingly disparate research paradigms now being used to understand strategizing and other management issues. Each of these approaches is based on the idea that strategizing research cannot advance significantly without reconceptualizing frequently taken-for-granted assumptions about the way to do research and the way we engage with organizational participants. The paper focuses in particular on the importance of working with organizational members as research partners rather than passive informants. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003.",,Journal of Management Studies,2003-01-01,Article,"Balogun, Julia;Huff, Anne Sigismund;Johnson, Phyl",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646548956,10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00502.x,Optimization of construction time-cost trade-off analysis using genetic algorithms,"Objective. To describe the work environment of hospital nurses with particular focus on the performance of work systems supplying information, materials, and equipment for patient care. Data Sources. Primary observation, semistructured interviews, and surveys of hospital nurses. Study Design. We sampled a cross-sectional group of six U.S. hospitals to examine the frequency of work system failures and their impact on nurse productivity. Data Collection. We collected minute-by-minute data on the activities of 11 nurses. In addition, we conducted interviews with six of these nurses using questions related to obstacles to care. Finally, we created and administered two surveys in 48 nursing units, one for nurses and one for managers, asking about the frequency of specific work system failures. Principal Findings. Nurses we observed experienced an average of 8.4 work system failures per 8-hour shift. The five most frequent types of failures, accounting for 6.4 of these obstacles, involved medications, orders, supplies, staffing, and equipment. Survey questions asking nurses how frequently they experienced these five categories of obstacles yielded similar frequencies. For an average 8-hour shift, the average task time was only 3.1 minutes, and in spite of this, nurses were interrupted mid-task an average of eight times per shift. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that nurse effectiveness can be increased by creating improvement processes triggered by the occurrence of work system failures, with the goal of reducing future occurrences. Second, given that nursing work is fragmented and unpredictable, designing processes that are robust to interruption can help prevent errors. © Health Research and Educational Trust.",Medical errors | Nursing work environment | Work systems,Health Services Research,2006-06-01,Article,"Tucker, Anita L.;Spear, Steven J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-65249129116,10.1080/15265160902832153,Software Effort And Schedule Estimation Using The Constructive Cost Model: COCOMO II,,,American Journal of Bioethics,2009-01-01,Article,"Cochrane, Thomas I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041702219,10.1287/mnsc.49.4.514.14423,Innovations in Computing Sciences and Software Engineering,"Interruptions have commonly been viewed as negative and as something for managers to control or limit. In this paper, I explore the relationship between interruptions and acquisition of routines - a form of knowledge - by teams. Recent research suggests that interruptions may play an important role in changing organizational routines, and as such may influence knowledge transfer activities. Results suggest that interruptions influence knowledge transfer effort, and both knowledge transfer effort and interruptions are positively related to the acquisition of new work routines. I conclude with implications for research and practice.",Interruptions | Knowledge acquisition | Knowledge management | Routines | Team,Management Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Zellmer-Bruhn, Mary E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035445043,10.1016/S0737-6782(01)00099-6,Towards optimizing the schedule of software projects with respect to development time and cost,"Despite documented benefits, the processes described in the new product development literature often prove difficult to follow in practice. A principal source of such difficulties is the phenomenon of fire fighting-the unplanned allocation of resources to fix problems discovered late in a product's development cycle. While it has been widely criticized, fire fighting is a common occurrence in many product development organizations. To understand both its existence and persistence, in this article I develop a formal model of fire fighting in a multiproject development environment. The major contributions of this analysis are to suggest that: (1) fire fighting can be a self-reinforcing phenomenon; and (2) multiproject development systems are far more susceptible to this dynamic than is currently appreciated. These insights suggest that many of the current methods for aggregate resource and product portfolio planning, while necessary, are not sufficient to prevent fire fighting and the consequent low perfor mance. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2001-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957040454,10.1287/orsc.1090.0497,Computer-aided software engineering (CASE): technology for improving software development productivity,"Scholars have identified benefits of viewing work as a calling, but little research has explored the notion that people are frequently unable to work in occupations that answer their callings. To develop propositions on how individuals experience and pursue unanswered callings, we conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with 31 employees across a variety of occupations. We distinguish between two types of unanswered callings-missed callings and additional callings-and propose that individuals pursue these unanswered callings by employing five different techniques to craft their jobs (task emphasizing, job expanding, and role reframing) and their leisure time (vicarious experiencing and hobby participating). We also propose that individuals experience these techniques as facilitating the kinds of pleasant psychological states of enjoyment and meaning that they associate with pursuing their unanswered callings, but also as leading to unpleasant states of regret over forgone fulfillment of their unanswered callings and stress due to difficulties in pursuing their unanswered callings. These propositions have important implications for theory and future research on callings, job crafting, and self-regulation processes. © 2010 INFORMS.",Calling | Job crafting | Psychological well-being | Regulatory focus | Self-regulation | Work orientation,Organization Science,2010-09-01,Article,"Berg, Justin M.;Grant, Adam M.;Johnson, Victoria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-60049085547,10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00774.x,Software construction and analysis tools for future space missions,"This study addresses how verbal self-monitoring and the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) are affected by time pressure when a task is performed in a second language as opposed to performance in the native language. German-Dutch bilinguals were required to perform a phoneme-monitoring task in Dutch with and without a time pressure manipulation. We obtained an ERN following verbal errors that showed an atypical increase in amplitude under time pressure. This finding is taken to suggest that under time pressure participants had more interference from their native language, which in turn led to a greater response conflict and thus enhancement of the amplitude of the ERN. This result demonstrates once more that the ERN is sensitive to psycholinguistic manipulations and suggests that the functioning of the verbal self-monitoring system during speaking is comparable to other performance monitoring, such as action monitoring. Copyright © 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research.",Bilingualism | ERN | Phoneme monitoring | Speech production | Time pressure | Verbal self-monitoring,Psychophysiology,2009-01-01,Article,"Ganushchak, Lesya Y.;Schiller, Niels O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746728213,10.1287/orsc.1060.0193,Word-based compression methods for large text documents,"We propose that organizations use a new framework of workday design to enhance the creativity of today's chronically overworked professionals. Although insights from creativity research have been integrated into models of work design to increase the stimulants of creativity (e.g., intrinsic motivation), this has not led to work design models that have effectively reduced the obstacles to creativity (e.g., workload pressures). As a consequence, creative output among professionals in high-workload contexts remains disappointing. In response, we offer a framework of work design that focuses on the design of entire workdays rather than the typical focus on designing either specific tasks or very broad job descriptions (e.g., as the job characteristics model in Hackman et al. 1975). Furthermore, we introduce the concept of ""mindless"" work (i.e., work that is low in both cognitive difficulty and performance pressures) as an integral part of this framework. We suggest that to enhance creativity among chronically overworked professionals, workdays should be designed to alternate between bouts of cognitively challenging and high-pressure work (as suggested in the original model by Hackman et al. 1975), and bouts of mindless work (as defined in this paper). We discuss the implications of our framework for theories of work design and creativity. © 2006 INFORMS.",Creativity | Job design | Job stress,Organization Science,2006-08-09,Review,"Elsbach, Kimberly D.;Hargadon, Andrew B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744828295,10.1093/jeg/lbi014,9.4. 1 Lessons Learned From Industrial Validation of COSYSMO,"Recent debates on learning have shifted the analytical focus from formal organizational arrangements to informal personal ties. Personal knowledge networks, though, mostly are perceived as homogenous, cohesive, and local personal ties. Moreover, a functionalist tone seems to prevail in accounts in which personal knowledge networks are seen to compensate the shortcomings of the formal organization. This paper sets out to expand the dominant construal of networks, which is largely molded by the notion of embeddedness. Against the background of in-depth empirical analysis of the project ecologies of the Hamburg advertising and the Munich software business, the paper will first venture into the neglected sphere of thin, ephemeral, and global personal knowledge networks by differentiating between connectivity, sociality, and communality networks. Second, the paper not only elucidates the supportive functions of these ties but also explores the tensions between personal interests, project goals, and the firm's aims that are induced by these personal knowledge networks. © 2006 Oxford University Press.",Advertising | Communities of practice | Knowledge transfer | Networks | Project ecologies | Software,Journal of Economic Geography,2006-06-01,Article,"Grabher, Gernot;Ibert, Oliver",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18044394777,10.1016/S0361-3682(00)00019-2,Software reliability measures applied to system engineering,"There has been remarkably little study of the recruitment, training and socialization of accountants in general, much less the specific case of trainee auditors, despite many calls to do so. In this paper, we seek to explore one key aspect of professional socialization in accounting firms: the discourses and practices of time-reckoning and time-management. By exploring time practices in accounting firms we argue that the organizational socialization of trainees into particular forms of time-consciousness and temporal visioning is a fundamental aspect of securing and developing professional identity. We pay particular attention to how actors consciousness of time is understood to develop, and how it reflects their organizational and professional environment, including how they envision the future and structure their strategic life-plan accordingly. Also of particular importance to the advancement of career in accounting firms is an active engagement with the politics of time: the capacity to manipulate and resist following the overt time-management routines of the firms. Rather than simply see trainees as passive subjects of organizational time-management devices, we noted how they are actively involved in 'managing' the organizational recording of time to further their career progression. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",,"Accounting, Organizations and Society",2001-03-01,Article,"Anderson-Gough, Fiona;Grey, Christopher;Robson, Keith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036810779,10.2307/3069323,An overview of the Mars exploration rovers' flight software,"Despite a growing sense that speed is critical to organizational success, how an emphasis on speed affects organizational processes remains unclear. We explored the connection between speed and decision making in a 19-month ethnographic study of an Internet start-up. Distilling our data using causal loop diagrams, we identified a potential pathology for organizations attempting to make fast decisions, the ""speed trap."" A need for fast action, traditionally conceptualized as an exogenous feature of the surrounding context, can also be a product of an organization's own past emphasis on speed. We explore the implications for research on decision making and temporal pacing.",,Academy of Management Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.;Okhuysen, Gerardo A.;Repenning, Nelson P.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992166190,10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.051,Erratum: Corrigendum to “The broad factor of working memory is virtually isomorphic to fluid intelligence tested under time pressure” (Personality and Individual Differences (2015) 85 (98–104)(S0191886915003098)(10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.046)),The authors regret that information on the funding agency was missing from the paper. The work presented in the paper was sponsored by the National Science Centre Poland (grant no. 2013/11/B/HS6/01234). The author would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.,,Personality and Individual Differences,2017-01-01,Erratum,"Chuderski, Adam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84991769602,10.1007/s10551-016-3352-y,Can Anticipating Time Pressure Reduce the Likelihood of Unethical Behaviour Occurring?,"Time pressure has been shown to have a negative impact on ethical decision-making. This paper uses an experimental approach to examine the impact of an antecedent of time pressure, whether it is anticipated or not, on participants’ perceptions of unethical behaviour. Utilising 60 business school students at an Australian university, we examine the differential impact of anticipated and unanticipated time deadline pressure on participants’ perceptions of the likelihood of unethical behaviour (i.e. plagiarism) occurring. We find the perception of the likelihood of unethical behaviour occurring to be significantly reduced when time pressure is anticipated rather than unanticipated. The implications of this finding for both professional service organisations and tertiary institutions are considered.",Antecedents | Ethics | Moral intensity | Plagiarism | Time pressure,Journal of Business Ethics,2018-11-01,Article,"Koh, Hwee Ping;Scully, Glennda;Woodliff, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012264014,10.2307/4132321,"Tick Tock, Tick Tock! An Experimental Study on the Time Pressure Effect on Omission Neglect","The global reach of the Web technological platform, along with the range of services that it supports, makes it a powerful business resource. However, realization of operational and strategic benefits is contingent on effective assimilation of this type III IS innovation. This paper draws upon institutional theory and the conceptual lens of structuring and metastructuring actions to explain the importance of three factors - top management championship, strategic investment rationale, and extent of coordination - in achieving higher levels of Web assimilation within an organization. Survey data are utilized to test a nomological network of relationships among these factors and the extent of organizational assimilation of Web technologies.",Innovation assimilation | IT management | Metastructuring actions | Structuring actions | Web implementation | Web technology,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2002-01-01,Article,"Chatterjee, Debabroto;Grewal, Rajdeep;Sambamurthy, V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992816461,10.1177/0267323106066659,"Time, Institutional Support, and Quality of Decision Making in Child Protection: A Cross-Country Analysis",,,European Journal of Communication,2006-01-01,Review,"Maluf, Ramez",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845974935,10.2307/25148740,Surface mount adhesive: in search of a perfect dot,"A frequent characterization of open source software is the somewhat outdated, mythical one of a collective of supremely talented software hackers freely volunteering their services to produce uniformly high-quality software. I contend that the open source software phenomenon has metamorphosed into a more mainstream and commercially viable form, which I label as OSS 2.0. I illustrate this transformation using a framework of process and product factors, and discuss how the bazaar metaphor, which up to now has been associated with the open source development process, has actually shifted to become a metaphor better suited to the OSS 2.0 product delivery and support process. Overall the OSS 2.0 phenomenon is significantly different from its free software antecedent. Its emergence accentuates the fundamental alteration of the basic ground rules in the software landscape, signifying the end of the proprietary-driven model that has prevailed for the past 20 years or so. Thus, a clear understanding of the characteristics of the emergent OSS 2.0 phenomenon is required to address key challenges for research and practice.",Free software | IS development | Open source software,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Fitzgerald, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939427933,10.1007/s10902-015-9670-4,"Emotional Well-Being Related to Time Pressure, Impediment to Goal Progress, and Stress-Related Symptoms","We propose that emotional well-being in everyday life is partially related to the balance of positive and negative affect associated with everyday routine activities. Factors that interfere with positive affect associated with such activities would therefore have negative impacts on emotional well-being. Supporting that time pressure is one such factor, we find in Study 1 for a representative sample of Swedish employees (n = 1507) answering a survey questionnaire that emotional well-being has a negative relationship to time pressure. In Study 2 we test the hypothesis that the negative effect of time pressure on emotional well-being is jointly mediated by impediment to goal progress and time stress. In another survey questionnaire a sample of Swedish employees (n = 240) answered retrospective questions about emotional well-being at work and off work, experienced impediment to goal progress, experienced time pressure, and stress-related symptoms. Statistical mediation analyses supported the proposed hypothesis.",Emotional well-being | Goal progress | Time pressure | Time stress,Journal of Happiness Studies,2016-10-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Gamble, Amelie;Fors, Filip;Hjerm, Mikael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4444374135,10.2307/30036537,"Domestic Outsourcing, Housework Time, and Subjective Time Pressure: New Insights From Longitudinal Data","To date, most research on information technology (IT) outsourcing concludes that firms decide to outsource IT services because they believe that outside vendors possess production cost advantages. Yet it is not clear whether vendors can provide production cost advantages, particularly to large firms who may be able to replicate vendors' production cost advantages in-house. Mixed outsourcing success in the past decade calls for a closer examination of the IT outsourcing vendor's value proposition. While the client's sourcing decisions and the client-vendor relationship have been examined in IT outsourcing literature, the vendor's perspective has hardly been explored. In this paper, we conduct a close examination of vendor strategy and practices in one long-term successful applications management outsourcing engagement. Our analysis indicates that the vendor's efficiency was based on the economic benefits derived from the ability to develop a complementary set of core competencies. This ability, in turn, was based on the centralization of decision rights from a variety and multitude of IT projects controlled by the vendor. The vendor was enticed to share the value with the client through formal and informal relationship management structures. We use the economic concept of complementarity in organizational design, along with prior findings from studies of client-vendor relationships, to explain the IT vendors' value proposition. We further explain how vendors can offer benefits that cannot be readily replicated internally by client firms.",Case study | Complementarity in organizational design | IS core competencies | IS project management | IS staffing issues | Management of computing and IS | Outsourcing of IS | Systems maintenance,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2003-01-01,Article,"Levina, Natalia;Ross, Jeanne W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745021689,10.2307/25148732,Stress induction techniques in a driving simulator and reactions from newly licensed drivers,"The emerging work on understanding open source software has questioned what leads to effectiveness in OSS development teams in the absence of formal controls, and it has pointed to the importance of ideology. This paper develops a framework of the OSS community ideology (including specific norms, beliefs, and values) and a theoretical model to show how adherence to components of the ideology impacts effectiveness in OSS teams. The model is based on the idea that the tenets of the OSS ideology motivate behaviors that enhance cognitive trust and communication quality and encourage identification with the project team, which enhances affective trust. Trust and communication in turn impact OSS team effectiveness. The research considers two kinds of effectiveness in OSS teams: the attraction and retention of developer input and the generation of project outputs. Hypotheses regarding antecedents to each are developed. Hypotheses are tested using survey and objective data on OSS projects. Results support the main thesis that OSS team members' adherence to the tenets of the OSS community ideology impacts OSS team effectiveness and reveal that different components impact effectiveness in different ways. Of particular interest is the finding that adherence to some ideological components was beneficial to the effectiveness of the team in terms of attracting and retaining input, but detrimental to the output of the team. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.",Communication | Ideology | Open source software | Trust | Virtual teams,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Stewart, Katherine J.;Gosain, Sanjay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981167222,10.1007/s10450-016-9801-1,New linear driving force correlation spanning long and short cycle time pressure swing adsorption processes,"A simple, semi-empirical, generalized expression was developed for the LDF mass transfer coefficient k as a function of the half cycle time θc that encompasses and transitions between the well-known regions governed by the long cycle time constant Glueckauf k and the short cycle time dependent k. This new expression can be used to estimate k = f(θc) for any system, irrespective of the loading and irrespective of θc, no matter if k is in the cycle time dependent region or not. A three times wider transition region between the Glueckauf k and the cycle time dependent k was also established, with the Glueckauf LDF limit now valid for θc > 0.3 and the short cycle time limit now valid for θc < 0.01. When evaluating this region for several adsorbate-adsorbent systems, the minimum Glueckauf θc spanned three orders of magnitude from thousands of seconds to just a few seconds, indicating a cycle time dependent k is not necessarily limited to what is normally considered a short cycle time. For virtually any θc less than this minimum Glueckauf θc, this new first-of-its-kind expression can be used to readily provide an accurate value of k = f(θc). Since the widely accepted half cycle time concept does not apply to the actual simulation of a multi-step, unequal step time, pressure swing adsorption process, the value of k = f(θc) from this new expression can be based on either the shortest cycle step in the cycle or a different value of k = f(θc) for each cycle step time in the cycle, with validity confirmed either by experiment or by process simulation using the exact solution to the pore diffusion equation.",Glueckauf LDF | Macropore diffusion | Micropore diffusion | Rapid pressure swing adsorption | Short cycle time PSA,Adsorption,2016-10-01,Article,"Hossain, Mohammad I.;Ebner, Armin D.;Ritter, James A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247368163,10.1037/h0073415,Tourists’ impulse buying behavior at duty-free shops: the moderating effects of time pressure and shopping involvement,"Studied the relation of strength of stimulus, to rapidity of learning in 18 kittens. The kittens had to discriminate between the light-dark boxes. The experiment box was divided into a nest box, an entrance chamber and 2 electric boxes. The electric boxes were placed in the circuit of a constant electric current. The kittens received electric shock in these boxes. The results indicate that: (1) it took less number of trials to perfect a correct habit with a strong stimulus than with a medium stimulus, under conditions of learning of varying difficulty (2) the relation of the painfulness of the electric stimulus to the rapidity of habit formation depended upon the difficulty of the visual discrimination, and (3) the discrimination was difficult to make when the difference between the unpleasant and the very unpleasant stimuli was not marked. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1915 American Psychological Association.",Cats | Infants (animal) | Learning | Stimulus strength,Journal of Animal Behavior,1915-07-01,Article,"Dodson, J. D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80054778228,10.1109/ENABL.2003.1231428,Exploring the Ambivalence of Time Pressure in Daily Working Life,This article compares traditional requirements engineering approaches and agile software development. Our paper analyzes commonalities and differences of both approaches and determines possible ways how agile software development can benefit from requirements engineering methods.,Collaboration | Collaborative software | Collaborative work | Context modeling | Customer satisfaction | Documentation | Knowledge engineering | Programming | Software engineering | System analysis and design,"Proceedings of the Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, WETICE",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paetsch, F.;Eberlein, A.;Maurer, F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024547210,10.1037/0033-295X.96.1.84,Transcranial direct current stimulation does not influence the speed-accuracy tradeoff in perceptual decision-making: Evidence from three independent studies,"From W. B. Cannon's identification of adrenaline with ""fight or flight"" to modern views of stress, negative views of peripheral physiological arousal predominate. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is associated with anxiety, neuroticism, the Type A personality, cardiovascular disease, and immune system suppression; illness susceptibility is associated with life events requiring adjustments. ""Stress control"" has become almost synonymous with arousal reduction. A contrary positive view of peripheral arousal follows from studies of subjects exposed to intermittent stressors. Such exposure leads to low SNS arousal base rates, but to strong and responsive challenge- or stress-induced SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal, with resistance to brain catecholamine depletion and with suppression of pituitary adrenal-cortical responses. That pattern of arousal defines physiological toughness and, in interaction with psychological coping, corresponds with positive performance in even complex tasks, with emotional stability, and with immune system enhancement. The toughness concept suggests an opposition between effective short- and long-term coping, with implications for effective therapies and stress-inoculating life-styles.",,Psychological Review,1989-01-01,Article,"Dienstbier, Richard A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84983758371,10.1016/j.ergon.2016.08.003,UK rail workers' perceptions of accident risk factors: An exploratory study,"Although non-fatal injuries remain a frequent occurrence in Rail work, very few studies have attempted to identify the perceived factors contributing to accident risk using qualitative research methods. This paper presents the results from a thematic analysis of ten interviews with On Track Machine (OTM) operatives. The inductive methodological approach generated five themes, of which two are discussed here in detail, ‘Pressure and fatigue’, and ‘Decision making and errors’. It is concluded that for companies committed to proactive accident risk reduction, irrespective of current injury rates, the collection and analysis of worker narratives and broader psychological data across safety-critical job roles may prove beneficial.",Accident risk | Contributory factors | Errors | Fatigue | Mistakes | Rail | Safety II | Time pressure | Track maintenance | Violations,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016-09-01,Article,"Morgan, James I.;Abbott, Rachel;Furness, Penny;Ramsay, Judith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029254270,10.1109/2.348001,Time pressure with state vigour and state absorption: are they non-linearly related?,"Software's girth has surpassed its functionality, largely because hardware advances make this possible. The way to streamline software lies in disciplined methodologies and a return to the essentials. © 1995 IEEE",,Computer,1995-01-01,Article,"Wirth, Niklaus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017056744,10.1080/0097840X.1976.9936068,"People adopt optimal policies in simple decision-making, after practice and guidance","A research project is outlined in which concepts and methods from social psychology and psychophysiology are integrated in the study of human adaptation to underload and overload related to technically advanced work processes. Attempts are made to identify aversive factors in the work process by studying acute stress reactions, e.g., catecholamine excretion, in the course of work and relating these to long-term, negative effects on well-being, job satisfaction and health. Data from a pilot study of sawmill workers support the view that machine-paced work characterized by a short work cycle and lack of control over the work process constitutes a threat to health and well-being. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Adaptation | Arousal | Catecholamine excretion | In dustrial work | Job satisfaction | Job stress | Workers’ health,Journal of Human Stress,1976-01-01,Article,"Frankenhaeuser, Marianne;Gardell, Bertil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0003167359,10.2307/249336,Under Pressure: An Integrative Perspective of Time Pressure Impact on Consumer Decision-Making,"The high development and maintenance costs, and the late delivery experienced by many organizations when developing large software systems is well documented. Modern software practices have evolved to overcome many of the technical difficulties associated with software development. To a large extent, however, the high costs and schedule slippages can be traced to management, not technical, deficiencies. This article develops an approach for managing the software development effort that exploits the benefits of modern software practices in staffing, planning, and controlling software development.",Life cycle | Project management | Software development | Software engineering,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1980-01-01,Article,"Zmud, Robert W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023383914,10.1109/TSE.1987.233496,Time constraints experienced by female teacher researchers in Canada and Turkey: challenges to developing an autonomous professional learning mindset,"Current time-sensitive cost models suggest a significant impact on project effort if elapsed time compression or expansion is implemented. This paper reports an empirical study into the applicability of these models in the management information systems environment. It is found that elapsed time variation does not consistently affect project effort. This result is analyzed in terms of the theory supporting such a relationship, and an alternate relationship is suggested. Copyright © 1987 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost models | productivity | putnam model | software Project management | transformation of variables,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1987-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. Ross",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017995509,10.1109/TSE.1978.231521,Behavioral effects of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS): Speed-accuracy tradeoff in attention switching task,"Application software development has been an area of organizational effort that has not been amenable to the normal managerial and cost controls. Instances of actual costs of several times the initial budgeted cost, and a time to initial operational capability sometimes twice as long as planned are more often the case than not. A macromethodology to support management needs has now been developed that will produce accurate estimates of manpower, costs, and times to reach critical milestones of software projects. There are four parameters in the basic system and these are in terms managers are comfortable working with-effort, development time, elapsed time, and a state-of-technology parameter. The system provides managers sufficient information to assess the financial risk and investment value of a new software development project before it is undertaken and provides techniques to update estimates from the actual data stream once the project is underway. Using the technique developed in the paper, adequate analysis for decisions can be made in an hour or two using only a few quick reference tables and a scientific pocket calculator. Copyright © 1978 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Application software estimating | quantitative software life-cycle management | sizing and scheduling large scale software projects | software life-cycle costing | software sizing,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1978-01-01,Article,"Putnam, Lawrence H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84989285201,10.1037/law0000095,"Plea discounts, time pressures, and false-guilty pleas in youth and adults who pleaded guilty to felonies in New York City","The overwhelming majority of criminal cases are resolved by a guilty plea. Concerns have been raised about the potential for plea bargaining to be coercive, but little is known about the actual choices faced by defendants who plead guilty. Through interviews of youth and adults who pleaded guilty to felonies in New York City, we found that substantial discounts were offered to participants in exchange for their guilty pleas and that a sizable portion of both the youth and adults claimed either that they were completely innocent (27% and 19%, respectively) or that they were not guilty of what they were charged with (20% and 41%, respectively). Participants also reported infrequent contact with their attorneys prior to accepting their plea deals and very short time periods in which to make their decisions. Our findings suggest the plea-bargaining system in New York City may be fraught with promises of leniency, time pressures, and insufficient attorney advisement-factors that may undermine the voluntariness of plea deal decisions for some defendants.",Innocence | Juvenile offenders | Plea deals | Plea discount | Trial penalty,"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law",2016-08-01,Article,"Zottoli, Tina M.;Daftary-Kapur, Tarika;Winters, Georgia M.;Hogan, Conor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84978252372,10.1016/j.trf.2016.06.013,The effects of time pressure on driver performance and physiological activity: A driving simulator study,"Speeding because of time pressure is a leading contributor to traffic accidents. Previous research indicates that people respond to time pressure through increased physiological activity and by adapting their task strategy in order to mitigate task demands. In the present driving simulator study, we investigated effects of time pressure on measures of eye movement, pupil diameter, cardiovascular and respiratory activity, driving performance, vehicle control, limb movement, head position, and self-reported state. Based on existing theories of human behavior under time pressure, we distinguished three categories of results: (1) driving speed, (2) physiological measures, and (3) driving strategies. Fifty-four participants drove a 6.9-km urban track with overtaking, car following, and intersection scenarios, first with no time pressure (NTP) and subsequently with time pressure (TP) induced by a time constraint and a virtual passenger urging to hurry up. The results showed that under TP in comparison to NTP, participants (1) drove significantly faster, an effect that was also reflected in auxiliary measures such as maximum brake position, throttle activity, and lane keeping precision, (2) exhibited increased physiological activity, such as increased heart rate, increased respiration rate, increased pupil diameter, and reduced blink rate, and (3) adopted scenario-specific strategies for effective task completion, such as driving to the left of the lane during car following, and early visual lookout when approaching intersections. The effects of TP relative to NTP were generally large and statistically significant. However, individual differences in absolute values were large. Hence, we recommend that real-time driver feedback technologies use relative instead of absolute criteria for assessing the driver's state.",Psychophysiology | Simulation | Virtual reality | Workload,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2016-08-01,Article,"Rendon-Velez, E.;van Leeuwen, P. M.;Happee, R.;Horváth, I.;van der Vegte, W. F.;de Winter, J. C.F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84988487390,10.1509/jmr.13.0398,Thin slice impressions: How advertising evaluation depends on exposure duration,"This research demonstrates the importance of thin slices of information in ad and brand evaluation, with important implications for advertising research and management. Three controlled experiments, two in the behavioral lab and one in the field, with exposure durations ranging from very brief (100 msec) to very long (30 sec), demonstrate that advertising evaluation critically depends on the duration of ad exposure and on how ads convey which product and brand they promote, but in surprising ways. The experiments show that upfront ads, which instantly convey what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief but also after longer exposure durations. Mystery ads, which suspend conveying what they promote, are evaluated negatively after brief but positively after longer exposure durations. False front ads, which initially convey another identity than what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief exposures but negatively after longer exposure durations. Bayesian mediation analysis demonstrates that the feeling of knowing what the ad promotes accounts for these ad-type effects on evaluation.",Ad identification | Advertising | Exposure duration | Thin slice impressions | Time pressure,Journal of Marketing Research,2016-08-01,Article,"Elsen, Millie;Pieters, Rik;Wedel, Michel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-28244472252,10.1109/MS.2005.164,How do servant leaders ignite absorptive capacity? the role of epistemic motivation and organizational support,"Poor release planning decisions can result in unsatisfied customers, missed deadlines, unmet constraints, and little value. The authors investigate the release planning process and propose a hybrid planning approach that integrates the knowledge and experience of human experts (the ""art"" of release planning) with the strength of computational intelligence (the ""science"" of release planning). © 2005 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2005-11-01,Article,"Ruhe, Günther;Saliu, Moshood Omolade",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032223749,10.1080/07421222.1998.11518200,Psychiatrists' use of formulation: Commentary on⋯ Psychiatrists' understanding and use of psychological formulation,"One of the major difficulties in controlling software development project cost overruns and schedule delays has been developing practical and accurate software cost models. Software development could be modeled as an economic production process and we therefore propose a theoretical approach to software cost modeling. Specifically, we present the Minimum Software Cost Model (MSCM), derived from economic production theory and systems optimization. The MSCM model is compared with other widely used software cost models, such as COCOMO and SLIM, on the basis of goodness of fit and quality of estimation using software project data sets available in the literature. Judged by both criteria, the MSCM model is comparable to, if not better than, the SLIM, and significantly better than the rest of the models. In addition, the MSCM model provides some insights about the behavior of software development processes and environment, which could be used to formulate guidelines for better software project management polic es and practices.",Economic production theory | Software cost estimation | Software cost models | Software production | Software project management,Journal of Management Information Systems,1998-01-01,Article,"Hu, Qing;Plant, Robert T.;Hertz, David B.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000139307,10.1016/0950-5849(92)90077-3,Coping with Time Pressure and Stress: Consequences for Families’ Food Consumption,"The paper reviews some of the assumptions built into conventional cost models and identifies whether or not there is empirical evidence to support these assumptions. The results indicate that the assumption that there is a nonlinear relationship between size and effort is not supported, but the assumption of a nonlinear relationship between effort and duration is. Second, the assumption that a large number of subjective productivity adjustment factors is necessary is not supported. In addition, it also appears that a large number of size adjustment factors are unnecessary. Third, the assumption that staff experience and/or staff capability are the most significant cost drivers (after allowing for the effect of size) is not supported by the data available to the MERMAID project, but neither can it be confirmed from analysis of the COCOMO data set. Finally, the assumption that compression of schedule decreases productivity was not supported. In fact, none of the models of schedule compression currently included in existing cost models was supported by the data. © 1992.",cost estimation | cost-estimation models | productivity | software cost estimation,Information and Software Technology,1992-01-01,Article,"Kitchenham, BA",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035626767,10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699,Influence of Time Pressure on the Outcome of Intercultural Commercial Negotiations,"An agency framework is used to model the behavior of software developers as they weigh concerns about product quality against concerns about missing individual task deadlines. Developers who care about quality but fear the career impact of missed deadlines may take ""shortcuts."" Managers sometimes attempt to reduce this risk via their deadline-setting policies; a common method involves adding slack to best estimates when setting deadlines to partially alleviate the time pressures believed to encourage shortcut-taking. This paper derives a formal relationship between deadline-setting policies and software product quality. It shows that: (1) adding slack does not always preserve quality, thus, systematically adding slack is an incomplete policy for minimizing costs; (2) costs can be minimized by adopting policies that permit estimates of completion dates and deadlines that are different and; (3) contrary to casual intuition, shortcut-taking can be eliminated by setting deadlines aggressively, thereby maintaining or even increasing the time pressures under which developers work.",Agency Theory | Principal-Agent | Software Estimating | Software Measurement | Software Quality,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,"Physical mechanism of mind changes and tradeoffs among speed, accuracy, and energy cost in brain decision making: Landscape, flux, and path perspectives","Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029737850,10.1007/3-540-55963-9_35,Quantitative relationship model between workload and time pressure under different flight operation tasks,"The rapid pace of software technology places increasing demands on human talent and ability. While improved tools and methods will certainly help, it is also clear they are not sufficient. The challenge for software engineering education is thus to instill the basic disciplines software professionals will need to meet the enormous demands to face them in the future.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1992-01-01,Conference Paper,"Humphrey, Watts S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032050741,10.1287/mnsc.44.4.433,Time pressure prevents relational learning,"Software maintenance claims a large proportion of organizational resources. It is thought that many maintenance problems derive from inadequate software design and development practices. Poor design choices can result in complex software that is costly to support and difficult to change. However, it is difficult to assess the actual maintenance performance effects of software development practices because their impact is realized over the software life cycle. To estimate the impact of development activities in a more practical time frame, this research develops a two-stage model in which software complexity is a key intermediate variable that links design and development decisions to their downstream effects on software maintenance. The research analyzes data collected from a national mass merchandising retailer on 29 software enhancement projects and 23 software applications in a large IBM COBOL environment. Results indicate that the use of a code generator in development is associated with increased software complexity and software enhancement project effort. The use of packaged software is associated with decreased software complexity and software enhancement effort. These results suggest an important link between software development practices and maintenance performance.",Management of Computing and Information Systems | Software Complexity | Software Economics | Software Maintenance | Software Metrics | Software Productivity | Software Quality,Management Science,1998-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Davis, Gordon B.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249089799,10.2307/249206,Using GRADE to respond to health questions with different levels of urgency,"Software quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the successful development and maintenance of software systems. Because the QA activity adds significantly to the cost of developing software, the cost-effectiveness of QA has been a pressing concern to software quality managers. As of yet, though, this concern has not been adequately addressed in the literature. The objective of this article is to investigate the tradeoffs between the economic benefits and costs of QA. A comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process was developed that serves as an experimentation vehicle for QA policy. One such experiment, involving a NASA software project, is discussed in detail. In this experiment, the level of QA expenditure was found to have a significant impact on the project's total cost. The model was also used to identify the optimal QA expenditure level and its distribution throughout the project's lifecycle.",Software cost | Software project management | Software quality assurance | System dynamics,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024611582,10.1109/32.21738,Understanding on-the-go consumption: Identifying and quantifying its determinants,"People issues have gained recognition, in recent years, as being at the core of effective software project management. In this paper we focus on the dynamics of software project staffing throughout the software development lifecycles. Our research vehicle is a comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process. A detailed discussion of the model's structure as well as its behavior is provided. The results of a case study in which the model is used to simulate the staffing practices of an actual software project is then presented. The experiment produces some interesting insights into the policies (both explicit and implicit) for managing the human resource, and their impact on project behavior. The decision-support capability of the model to answer what-if questions is also demonstrated. In particular, the model is used to test the degree of interchangeability of men and months on the particular software project. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Note,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,Cooperation under pressure: Time urgency and time perspective in social dilemmas,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,Experimental study of second-hand housing bargain duration based on survival analysis,"Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973661060,10.1108/IJM-04-2014-0106,Overeducation and job satisfaction: the role of job demands and control,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how job demands and control contribute to the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on data for Belgian young workers up to the age of 26. The authors execute regression analyses, with autonomy, quantitative demands and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The authors account for unobserved individual heterogeneity by means of panel-data techniques. Findings – The results reveal a significant role of demands and control for the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. At career start, overeducated workers have less control than adequately educated individuals with similar skills levels, but more control than adequately educated employees doing similar work. Moreover, their control increases faster over the career than that of adequately educated workers with a similar educational background. Finally, demands have less adverse effects on satisfaction for high-skilled workers, irrespective of their match, while control moderates the negative satisfaction effect of overeducation. Research limitations/implications – Future research should look beyond the early career and focus on other potential compensation mechanisms for overeducation. Also the role of underlying mechanisms, such as job crafting, deserves more attention. Practical implications – The results suggest that providing more autonomy is an effective strategy to avoid job dissatisfaction among overeducated workers. Originality/value – The study connects two areas of research, namely, that on overeducation and its consequences and that on the role of job demands and control for workers’ well-being. The results contribute to a better understanding why overeducation persists. Moreover, they are consistent with the hypothesis that employers hire overeducated workers because they require less monitoring and are more able to cope with demands, although more direct evidence on this is needed.",Autonomy | Job demands-control model | Job satisfaction | Mismatch | Overqualification | Subjective well-being | Time pressure | Underemployment,International Journal of Manpower,2016-06-06,Article,"Verhaest, Dieter;Verhofstadt, Elsy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973333841,10.1038/srep27219,Rethinking spontaneous giving: Extreme time pressure and ego-depletion favor self-regarding reactions,"Previous experimental studies suggest that cooperation in one-shot anonymous interactions is, on average, spontaneous, rather than calculative. To explain this finding, it has been proposed that people internalize cooperative heuristics in their everyday life and bring them as intuitive strategies in new and atypical situations. Yet, these studies have important limitations, as they promote intuitive responses using weak time pressure or conceptual priming of intuition. Since these manipulations do not deplete participants' ability to reason completely, it remains unclear whether cooperative heuristics are really automatic or they emerge after a small, but positive, amount of deliberation. Consistent with the latter hypothesis, we report two experiments demonstrating that spontaneous reactions in one-shot anonymous interactions tend to be egoistic. In doing so, our findings shed further light on the cognitive underpinnings of cooperation, as they suggest that cooperation in one-shot interactions is not automatic, but appears only at later stages of reasoning.",,Scientific Reports,2016-06-02,Article,"Capraro, Valerio;Cococcioni, Giorgia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986097866,10.1108/09593849810204503,Satisficing in Split-Second Decision Making Is Characterized by Strategic Cue Discounting,"Discusses the characteristics of packaged software versus information systems (IS) development environments that capture the differences between the teams that develop software in these respective industries. The analysis spans four levels: the industry, the dynamics of software development, the cultural milieu, and the teams themselves. Finds that, relative to IS: the packaged software industry is characterized by intense time pressures, less attention to costs, and different measures of success; the packaged software development environment is characterized by being a “line” rather than “staff” unit, having a greater distance from the actual users/customers, a less mature development process; the packaged software cultural milieu is characterized as individualistic and entrepreneurial; the packaged software team is characterized as less likely to be matrix managed and being smaller, more co-located, with a greater shared vision. © 1998, MCB UP Limited",Corporate culture | Product differentiation | Software development | Teams,Information Technology & People,1998-03-01,Article,"Carmel, Erran;Sawyer, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927582170,10.1002/tesq.232,"Repeating a Monologue Under Increasing Time Pressure: Effects on Fluency, Complexity, and Accuracy","Studies have shown that learners' task performance improves when they have the opportunity to repeat the task. Conditions for task repetition vary, however. In the 4/3/2 activity, learners repeat a monologue under increasing time pressure. The purpose is to foster fluency, but it has been suggested in the literature that it also benefits other performance aspects, such as syntactic complexity and accuracy. The present study examines the plausibility of that suggestion. Twenty Vietnamese EFL students were asked to give the same talk three times, with or without increasing time pressure. Fluency was enhanced most markedly in the shrinking-time condition, but no significant changes regarding complexity or accuracy were attested in that condition. Although the increase in fluency was less pronounced in the constant-time condition, this increase coincided with modest gains in complexity and accuracy. The learners, especially those in the time-pressured condition, resorted to a high amount of verbatim duplication from one delivery of their narratives to the next, which explains why relatively few changes were attested in performance aspects other than fluency. The findings suggest that, if teachers wish to implement repeated-narrative activities in order to enhance output qualities beyond fluency, the 4/3/2 implementation is not the most judicious choice, and opportunities for language adjustment need to be incorporated early in the task sequence.",,TESOL Quarterly,2016-06-01,Article,"Thai, Chau;Boers, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021069047,10.1017/S1041610216000028,Is an unhealthy work environment in nursing home care for people with dementia associated with the prescription of psychotropic drugs and physical restraints?,,,Travail Humain,1983-01-01,Article,"Hoc, J. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020884710,10.1080/17470218.2016.1187637,The path more travelled: Time pressure increases reliance on familiar route-based strategies during navigation,,,Advances in Instrumentation,1983-12-01,Conference Paper,"Morrow, Ira;Robinson, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0004930425,10.1037/h0043340,Unit pricing matters more when consumers are under time pressure,"""A test of the hypothesis that an inverted-U relationship exists between the level of arousal and performance level was made by comparing the performance of 31 Ss on an auditory tracking task under different conditions of incentive . . . the data of this study give strong support to the hypothesis. The hypothesis held regardless of whether palmar conductance level or the EMG response of any one of four different muscle groups was used as the criterion of arousal."" (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1957 American Psychological Association.","INCENTIVE, & PERFORMANCE | RECEPTIVE AND PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES | TRACKING, AUDITORY, LEVEL, & INCENTIVE",Journal of Experimental Psychology,1957-07-01,Article,"Stennett, Richard G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149421997,10.1037/h0039547,Effects of task complexity and time pressure on activity-travel choices: heteroscedastic logit model and activity-travel simulator experiment,"In an effort to relate skin resistance to recall scores, two experiments, the second a replication of the first, presented male Ss with 30 pairs of meaningful words. There were 18 Ss in Exp. I and 32 in Exp. II. Each pair of words was presented once for 10 sec., with an interval of 10 sec. between pairs. Following this, there was a 6-min. delay before the reordered left-hand items were presented, 10 sec. at a time. The S was initially instructed to give as many of the right-hand items as he could remember, guessing if he wished. Skin resistance was continuously recorded throughout the experimental session and later converted to log conductance. The data from Exp. I suggested that moderate levels of skin conductance in the first minute of the learning session were related to better recall. This relation was substantiated at a highly significant level (P < .01) in Exp. II. It was also found that moderate levels of conductance in the first minute of the recall period were optimal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1962 American Psychological Association.",skin conductance | skin resistance | verbal recall,Journal of Experimental Psychology,1962-03-01,Article,"Berry, R. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84958046386,10.1016/j.apergo.2015.11.018,Time pressure and regulations on hospital-in-the-home (HITH) nurses: An on-the-road study,"This study investigated both causal factors and consequences of time pressure in hospital-in-the-home (HITH) nurses. These nurses may experience additional stress from the time pressure they encounter while driving to patients' homes, which may result in greater risk taking while driving. From observation in natural settings, data related to the nurses' driving behaviours and emotions were collected and analysed statistically; semi-directed interviews with the nurses were analysed qualitatively. The results suggest that objective time constraints alone do not necessarily elicit subjective time pressure. The challenges and uncertainty associated with healthcare and the driving period contribute to the emergence of this time pressure, which has a negative impact on both the nurses' driving and their emotions. Finally, the study focuses on anticipated and in situ regulations. These findings provide guidelines for organizational and technical solutions allowing the reduction of time pressure among HITH nurses.",Driving | Nurses | Time pressure,Applied Ergonomics,2016-05-01,Article,"Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Forrierre, Justine;Naveteur, Janick;Dubreucq, Catherine;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-11144316650,10.1111/j.0965-075X.2004.00293.x,Time Pressure,,,International Journal of Selection and Assessment,2004-01-01,Review,"Anderson, Neil;Sinangil, Handan Kepir;Viswesvaran, Chockalingam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017618783,10.1080/0097840X.1977.9936080,Does time pressure have a negative effect on diagnostic accuracy?,"The performance of 25 subjects in three reaction tasks of different complexity was compared at different activation levels induced by five different work loads on a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate and blood pressure were used as indexes of activation. The results were in agreement with the Yerkes-Dodson law in that the optimal physiological activation level for rapid performance varied with the degree of task difficulty, relatively lower activation being more favorable the more difficult the task. © 1977 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Journal of Human Stress,1977-01-01,Article,"Sjöberg, Hans",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85175815192,10.1080/23311886.2023.2278209,Investigating the probabilistic reasoning in verbal-numerical and graphical-pictorial formats in relation to cognitive and non-cognitive dimensions: The proposal of a model,"Cyberloafing refers to the act of using the internet for personal purposes, such as browsing social media or engaging in non-work-related online activities, while pretending to be engaged in work. While it is often seen as a form of procrastination or a way to escape from work-related tasks, it can also serve as a way for individuals to cope with emotions or alleviate stress. Based on the mediational model of stress, this study proposes that cyberloafing may mediate the impact of work stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload) on job-related strain which in this case is employees’ emotional exhaustion, and then emotional exhaustion will influence work outcomes. Subsequently, the responses to a survey by 299 employees from Malaysian public-listed organisations were gathered, while the structural equation modelling through partial least squares (PLS) was utilised to test the hypotheses of the direct and mediating effect. As a result, it was found that some work stressors might lead to cyberloafing among employees, while emotional exhaustion was found to influence job satisfaction and work efficiency. Additionally, the findings highlighted the underlying factor of the relation between cyberloafing among employees and different forms of cyberloafing. However, no support was found regarding the serial mediation effect of cyberloafing between work stressors and emotional exhaustion.",coping | cyberloafing | emotional exhaustion | mediational model of stress | role ambiguity | role conflict | role overload,Cogent Social Sciences,2023-01-01,Article,"Jamaluddin, Hasmida;Ahmad, Zauwiyah;Wei, Liew Tze",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84971454015,10.1109/icse.1992.753485,The impact of time limitation: Insights from a queueing experiment,"We experimentally explore the effects of time limitation on decision making. Under different time allowance conditions, subjects are presented with a queueing situation and asked to join one of the two given queues. The results can be grouped under two main categories. The first one concerns the factors driving decisions in a queueing system. Only some subjects behave consistently with rationality principles and use the relevant information efficiently. The rest of the subjects seem to adopt a simpler strategy that does not incorporate some information into their decision. The second category is related to the effects of time limitation on decision performance. A substantial proportion of the population is not affected by time limitations and shows consistent behavior throughout the treatments. On the other hand, some subjects’ performance is impaired by time limitations. More importantly, this impairment is not due to the stringency of the limitation but rather to being exposed to a time constraint.",Decision times | Experimentation | Join the shortest queue | Time pressure,Judgment and Decision Making,2016-05-01,Article,"Conte, Anna;Scarsini, Marco;Sürücü, Oktay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985905187,10.1166/asl.2016.6699,Presenteeism among academicians at public universities in Malaysia,"In the present study, the researchers investigated contributing factors toward the presenteeism among academicians at public universities in Malaysia. This study was conducted in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Respondents consisted of 194 academicians from three selected public universities. The respondents were randomly selected and the data were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics showed that majority respondents were female (61.3%) academicians with aged range of 30–39 years (33.5%). Most of them were married (70.6%) and work as permanent staff (65%) of the public universities. However, the highest percentage of the respondents in job tenure was three (3) years (35.1%). Most respondents held master degree qualification (62.9%). In correlational analysis, the study found that there was a significant positive relationship between work-related contributing factors and the frequency of presenteeism in public universities. Academicians with high level of job demand were found to have high tendency and were more inclined towards attending at work while ill. In conclusion, the frequency of presenteeism could be reduced if the health status were improved. An improvement should be made for future study in investigating the organizational behavior relating to presenteeism.",Health status | Job demand | Job security | Presenteeism | Replaceability | Time pressure,Advanced Science Letters,2016-05-01,Article,"Maon, Siti Noorsuriani;Mansor, Mohamad Naqiuddin Md;Som, Rohana Mat;Ahmad, Mumtaz;Shakri, Siti Aishah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954547424,10.1016/j.joep.2015.12.002,Who performs better under time pressure? Results from a field experiment,"We investigate whether and how time pressure affects performance. We conducted a field experiment in which students from an Italian University are proposed to choose between two exam schemes: a standard scheme without time pressure and an alternative scheme consisting of two written intermediate tests, one of which to be taken under time pressure. Students deciding to sustain the alternative exam are randomly assigned to a ""time pressure"" and a ""no time pressure"" group. Students performing under time pressure at the first test perform in absence of time pressure at the second test and vice versa. We find that being exposed to time pressure exerts a negative and statistically significant impact on students' performance. The effect is driven by a strong negative impact on females' performance, while there is no statistically significant effect on males. Both the quantity and quality of females' work is hampered by time pressure. Using data on students' expectations, we also find that the effect produced by time pressure on performance was correctly perceived by students. Female students expect a lower grade when working under time pressure, while males do not. These findings contribute to explain why women tend to shy away from jobs and careers involving time pressure.",Cognitive ability | Human sex differences | Time management | Time pressure,Journal of Economic Psychology,2016-04-01,Article,"De Paola, Maria;Gioia, Francesca",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870885674,10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705,Children's Postdivorce Residence Arrangements and Parental Experienced Time Pressure,"The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. The external validity and practical significance of goal-setting theory are explained, and new directions in goal-setting research are discussed. The relationships of goal setting to other theories are described as are the theory's limitations.",,American Psychologist,2002-01-01,Article,"Locke, Edwin A.;Latham, Gary P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954312835,10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.028,Driver views on speed and enforcement,"This paper reports on the results of a drivers' survey regarding the effects of speed cameras for speed enforcement in Israel. The survey was part of a larger study that accompanied the introduction of digital speed cameras. Speed camera deployment started in 2011, and till the end of 2013 twenty-one cameras were deployed in interurban road sections. Yearly surveys were taken between 2010 and 2013 in 9 gas stations near speed camera installation sites in order to capture drivers' opinions about speed and enforcement. Overall, 1993 drivers were interviewed. In terms of admitted speed behavior, 38% of the drivers in 2010, 21% in 2011, 13% in 2012 and 11% in 2013 reported that their driving speed was above the perceived posted speed limit. The proportion of drivers indicating some speed camera influence on driving decreased over the years. In addition, the majority of drivers (61%) predicted positive impact of speed cameras on safety. This result did not change significantly over the years. The main stated explanation for speed limit violations was time pressure, while the main stated explanation for respecting the posted speed was enforcement, rather than safety concerns. Linear regression and sigmoidal models were applied to describe the linkage between the reported driving speed (dependent) and the perceived posted speed (independent). The sigmoidal model fitted the data better, especially at high levels of the perceived posted speeds. That is, although the perceived posted speed increased, at some point the actual driving speed levels off (asymptote) and did not increase. Moreover, we found that the upper asymptote of the sigmoidal model decreased over the years: from 113.22 (SE = 18.84) km/h in 2010 to 88.92 (SE = 1.55) km/h in 2013. A wide variance in perceived speed limits suggest that drivers may not know what the speed limits really are.",Driver views | Enforcement | Speed,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2016-04-01,Article,"Schechtman, Edna;Bar-Gera, Hillel;Musicant, Oren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026207547,10.1287/mnsc.37.8.990,Believer-Skeptic meets actor-critic: Rethinking the role of basal ganglia pathways during decision-making and reinforcement learning,"Critical path models concerning project management (i.e. PERT/CPM) fail to account for work force behavioral effects on the expected project completion time. In this paper, we provide a modelling framework for project management activities, that ultimately accounts for expected worker behavior under Parkinson's Law. A stochastic activity completion time model is used to formally state Parkinson's Law. The developed model helps to examine the effects of information release policies on subcontractors of project activities, and to develop managerial policies for setting appropriate deadlines for series or parallel project activities.",,Management Science,1991-01-01,Article,"Gutierrez, Genaro J.;Kouvelis, Panagiotis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001170705,10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.322,Obsessive compulsive features predict cautious decision strategies,"Goal setting, participation in decision making, and objective feedback have each been shown to increase productivity. As a combination of these three processes, management by objectives (MBO) also should increase productivity. A meta-analysis of studies supported this prediction: 68 out of 70 studies showed productivity gains, and only 2 studies showed losses. The literature on MBO indicates that various problems have been encountered with implementing MBO programs. One factor was predicted to be essential to success: the level of top-management commitment to MBO. Proper implementation starts from the top and requires both support and participation from top management. Results of the meta-analysis showed that when top-management commitment was high, the average gain in productivity was 56%. When commitment was low, the average gain in productivity was only 6%.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1991-01-01,Article,"Rodgers, Robert;Hunter, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036319465,10.1147/sj.411.0004,Explaining the influence of time budget pressure on audit quality in Sweden,"In commercial software development organizations, increased complexity of products, shortened development cycles, and higher customer expectations of quality have placed a major responsibility on the areas of software debugging, testing, and verification. As this issue of the IBM Systems Journal illustrates, there are exciting improvements in the underlying technology on all three fronts. However, we observe that due to the informal nature of software development as a whole, the prevalent practices in the industry are still immature, even in areas where improved technology exists. In addition, tools that incorporate that more advanced aspects of this technology are not ready for large-scale commercial use. Hence there is reason to hope for significant improvements in this area over the next several years.",,IBM Systems Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Hailpern, Brent;Santhanam, Padmanabhan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974622719,10.1145/2854946.2854976,Impacts of time constraints and system delays on user experience,"During information search, people often experience time pressure. This might be a result of a deadline, the system's performance or some other event. In this paper, we report results of a study with forty-five participants which investigated how time constraints and system delays impacted the user experience during information search. We randomly assigned half of our study participants to a treatment condition where they were only allowed five minutes per search task (the other half were given no time limits). For half of participants' search tasks, five second delays were introduced after queries were submitted and SERP results were clicked. We used multilevel modeling to evaluate a number of hypotheses about the effects of time constraint, system delays and user experience. We found those in the time constraint condition reported significantly greater time pressure, experienced higher task difficulty, less satisfaction with their performance, increased importance of working fast and engaged in more metacognitive monitoring. We found when experiencing system delays participants reported slower system speeds when encountering delays on the second task. This work opens a new line of inquiry into how time pressure impacts the search experience and how tools and interfaces might be designed to support people who are searching under time pressure. It also presents an example of how multilevel modeling can be used to better understand and model the complex interactions that occur during interactive information retrieval.",Search experience | System delays | Time pressure,CHIIR 2016 - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval,2016-03-13,Conference Paper,"Crescenzi, Anita;Kelly, Diane;Azzopardi, Leif",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249033737,10.1016/0749-5978(87)90020-3,Understanding the factors influencing the online group buying behavior from a pull - push perspective,"Two laboratory experiments were conducted. Results of the first experiment revealed that identifiability had no impact on the degree of cognitive loafing when group members were asked to make a decision. Identifiability did have an impact when group members were asked to express an opinion. The second experiment replicated findings of the first experiment and, in addition, indicated that unidentifiable individuals with sole task responsibility loafed more than unidentifiable individuals who shared task responsibility. Cognitive effort was measured through recall of stimulus material. © 1987.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1987-01-01,Article,"Price, Kenneth H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84969592224,10.1109/ICMLA.2015.233,"Measuring level-K reasoning, satisficing, and human error in game-play data","Inferences about structured patterns in human decision making have been drawn from medium-scale simulated competitions with human subjects. The concepts analyzed in these studies include level-k thinking, satisficing, and other human error tendencies. These concepts can be mapped via a natural depth of search metric into the domain of chess, where copious data is available from hundreds of thousands of games by players of a wide range of precisely known skill levels in real competitions. The games are analyzed by strong chess programs to produce authoritative utility values for move decision options by progressive deepening of search. Our experiments show a significant relationship between the formulations of level-k thinking and the skill level of players. Notably, the players are distinguished solely on moves where they erred - according to the average depth level at which their errors are exposed by the authoritative analysis. Our results also indicate that the decisions are often independent of tail assumptions on higher-order beliefs. Further, we observe changes in this relationship in different contexts, such as minimal versus acute time pressure. We try to relate satisficing to insufficient level of reasoning and answer numerically the question, why do humans blunder?",Blunder | Game theory | Level-k thinking | Satisficing,"Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2015",2016-03-02,Conference Paper,"Biswas, Tamal;Regan, Kenneth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84957842439,10.1111/ijau.12054,"Time Pressure, Training Activities and Dysfunctional Auditor Behaviour: Evidence from Small Audit Firms","This study tests the association between time pressure, training activities and dysfunctional auditor behaviour in small audit firms. Based on survey responses from 235 certified auditors working in small audit firms in Sweden, the analysis shows that perceived time pressure is positively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour, while the level of participation in training activities such as workshops and seminars is negatively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour. These findings suggest that audit quality is at risk when auditors experience high levels of time pressure but also that auditors who frequently take part in training activities to a lesser extent engage in dysfunctional auditor behaviour.",Dysfunctional auditor behaviour | Small audit firms | Time pressure | Training activities,International Journal of Auditing,2016-03-01,Article,"Svanström, Tobias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963942493,10.1037/xap0000074,Evidence accumulation in a complex task: Making choices about concurrent multiattribute stimuli under time pressure,"Evidence accumulation models transform observed choices and associated response times into psychologically meaningful constructs such as the strength of evidence and the degree of caution. Standard versions of these models were developed for rapid (~1 s) choices about simple stimuli, and have recently been elaborated to some degree to address more complex stimuli and response methods. However, these elaborations can be difficult to use with designs and measurements typically encountered in complex applied settings. We test the applicability of 2 standard accumulation models-the diffusion (Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008) and the linear ballistic accumulation (LBA) (Brown & Heathcote, 2008)-to data from a task representative of many applied situations: the detection of heterogeneous multiattribute targets in a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator task. Despite responses taking more than 2 s and complications added by realistic features, such as a complex target classification rule, interruptions from a simultaneous UAV navigation task, and time pressured choices about several concurrently present potential targets, these models performed well descriptively. They also provided a coherent psychological explanation of the effects of decision uncertainty and workload manipulations. Our results support the wider application of standard evidence accumulation models to applied decision-making settings.",Decision uncertainty | Diffusion model | Linear ballistic accumulator model | Response time | Workload,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,2016-03-01,Article,"Palada, Hector;Neal, Andrew;Vuckovic, Anita;Martin, Russell;Samuels, Kate;Heathcote, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85024241306,10.1145/319382.319385,Integrated planning for sustainable building production – an evolution over three decades,,,Communications of the ACM,1999-11-01,Article,"Glass, Robert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85135325284,10.1201/b17461,Collaboration and decision making in crisis situations,"A Framework for Managing, Measuring, and Predicting Attributes of Software Development Products and ProcessesReflecting the immense progress in the development and use of software metrics in the past decades, Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition provides an up-to-date, accessible, and comprehensive introduction to soft.",,"Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition",2014-01-01,Book,"Fenton, Norman;Bieman, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001195181,10.1016/0950-5849(94)90083-3,Time pressure in scenario-based online construction safety quizzes and its effect on students’ performance,"Researchers and practitioners have found it useful for cost estimation and productivity evaluation purposes to think of software development as an economic production process, whereby inputs, most notably the effort of systems development professionals, are converted into outputs (systems deliverables), often measured as the size of the delivered system. One central issue in developing such models is how to describe the production relationship between the inputs and outputs. In particular, there has been much discussion about the existence of either increasing or decreasing returns to scale. The presence or absence of scale economies at a given size are important to commercial practice in that they influence productivity. A project manager can use this knowledge to scale future projects so as to maximize the productivity of software development effort. The question of whether the software development production process should be modelled with a non-linear model is the subject of some recent controversy. This paper examines the issue of non-linearities through the analysis of 11 datasets using, in addition to standard parametric tests, new statistical tests with the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology. Results of this analysis support the hypothesis of significant non-linearities, and the existence of both economies and diseconomies of scale in software development. © 1994.",data envelopment analysis | function points | productivity measurement | returns to scale | scale economies | software development | software management | software metrics | source lines of code,Information and Software Technology,1994-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Chang, Hsihui;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031373186,10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1709,"MEASURES OF IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE REVISITED: Processing Modes, Time Pressure, and Modality","Software maintenance is a major concern for organizations. Productivity gains in software maintenance can enable redeployment of Information Systems resources to other activities. Thus, it is important to understand how software maintenance productivity can be improved. In this study, we investigate the relationship between project size and software maintenance productivity. We explore scale economies in software maintenance by examining a number of software enhancement projects at a large financial services organization. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the functional relationship between maintenance inputs and outputs and employ DEA-based statistical tests to evaluate returns to scale for the projects. Our results indicate the presence of significant scale economies in software maintenance, and are robust to a number of sensitivity checks. For our sample of projects, there is the potential to reduce software maintenance costs 36% by batching smaller modification projects into larger planned releases. We conclude by rationalizing why the software managers at our research site do not take advantage of scale economies in software maintenance. Our analysis considers the opportunity costs of delaying projects to batch them into larger size projects as a potential explanation for the managers' behavior.",Data Envelopment Analysis | Management of Computing and Information Systems | Software Economics | Software Engineering | Software Maintenance | Software Productivity,Management Science,1997-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020844328,10.1109/TSE.1983.235271,The role of time pressure and different psychological safety climate referents in the prediction of nurses' hand hygiene compliance,"One of the most important problems faced by software developers and users is the prediction of the size of a programming system and its development effort. As an alternative to “size,” one might deal with a measure of the “function” that the software is to perform. Albrecht [1] has developed a methodology to estimate the amount of the “function” the software is to perform, in terms of the data it is to use (absorb) and to generate (produce). The “function” is quantified as “function points,” essentially, a weighted sum of the numbers of “inputs,” “outputs,” master files,” and “inquiries” provided to, or generated by, the software. This paper demonstrates the equivalence between Albrecht’s external input/output data flow representative of a program (the “function points” metric) and Halstead’s [2] “software science” or “software linguistics” model of a program as well as the “soft content” variation of Halstead’s model suggested by Gaffney [7]. Further, the high degree of correlation between “function points” and the eventual “SLOC” (source lines of code) of the program, and between “function points” and the work-effort required to develop the code, is demonstrated. The “function point” measure is thought to be more useful than “SLOC” as a prediction of work effort because “function points” are relatively easily estimated from a statement of basic requirements for a program early in the development cycle. The strong degree of equivalency between “function points” and “SLOC” shown in the paper suggests a two-step work-effort validation procedure, first using “function points” to estimate “SLOC,” and then using “SLOC” to estimate the work-effort. This approach would provide validation of application development work plans and work-effort estimates early in the development cycle. The approach would also more effectively use the existing base of knowledge on producing “SLOC” until a similar base is developed for “function points.” The paper assumes that the reader is familiar with the fundamental theory of “software science” measurements and the practice of validating estimates of work-effort to design and implement software applications (programs). If not, a review of [1] -[3] is suggested. Copyright © 1983 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost estimating | function points | software linguistics | software science | software size estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1983-01-01,Article,"Albrecht, Allan J.;Gaffney, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951801163,10.1177/0007650312465150,"An Exploratory Study Among HRM Professionals of Moral Recognition in Off-Shoring Decisions: The Roles of Perceived Magnitude of Consequences, Time Pressure, Cognitive and Affective Empathy, and Prior Knowledge","Off-shoring is a business decision increasingly being considered as a strategic option to effect expected cost savings. This exploratory study focuses on the moral recognition of off-shoring using ethical decision making (EDM) embedded within affective events theory (AET). Perceived magnitude of consequences and time pressure are hypothesized as affective event characteristics that lead to decision makers’ empathy responses. Subsequently, cognitive and affective empathy influence the decision makers’ moral recognition. Decision makers’ prior knowledge of off-shoring was also predicted to interact with perceptions of the affective event characteristics to influence cognitive and affective empathy. Findings from a limited sample of human resource management (HRM) professionals suggest that perceptions of magnitude of consequences and cognitive empathy directly relate to moral recognition and that affective empathy partially mediates the relationship between perceptions of the magnitude of consequences and moral recognition. The three-way interaction of the perceptions of magnitude of consequences, time pressure, and prior knowledge of off-shoring was marginally related to cognitive empathy. Interpretations of the findings, validity issues, limitations, future research directions, and management implications are provided.",empathy | magnitude of consequences | moral recognition | off-shoring | time pressure,Business and Society,2016-02-01,Article,"Mencl, Jennifer;May, Douglas R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034205501,10.1287/mnsc.46.6.745.11941,A simulator study of factors influencing drivers' behavior at traffic lights,"We examine the relationship between life-cycle productivity and conformance quality in software products. The effects of product size, personnel capability, software process, usage of tools, and higher front-end investments on productivity and conformance quality were analyzed to derive managerial implications based on primary data collected on commercial software projects from a leading vendor. Our key findings are as follows. First, our results provide evidence for significant increases in life-cycle productivity from improved conformance quality in software products shipped to the customers. Given that the expenditure on computer software has been growing over the last few decades, empirical evidence for cost savings through quality improvement is a significant contribution to the literature. Second, our study identifies several quality drivers in software products. Our findings indicate that higher personnel capability, deployment of resources in initial stages of product development (especially design) and improvements in software development process factors are associated with higher quality products. © 2000 INFORMS.",CMM | Cost of quality | Front-end investments | Softivare process areas | Software quality and life-cycle productivity,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Krishnan, M. S.;Kriebel, C. H.;Kekre, Sunder;Mukhopadhyay, Tridas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746131,10.1287/mnsc.46.4.451.12056,Garden-Related Environmental Behavior and Weed Management: An Australian Case Study,"The information technology (IT) industry is characterized by rapid innovation and intense competition. To survive, IT firms must develop high quality software products on time and at low cost. A key issue is whether high levels of quality can be achieved without adversely impacting cycle time and effort. Conventional beliefs hold that processes to improve software quality can be implemented only at the expense of longer cycle times and greater development effort. However, an alternate view is that quality improvement, faster cycle time, and effort reduction can be simultaneously attained by reducing defects and rework. In this study, we empirically investigate the relationship between process maturity, quality, cycle time, and effort for the development of 30 software products by a major IT firm. We find that higher levels of process maturity as assessed by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity ModelTM are associated with higher product quality, but also with increases in development effort. However, our findings indicate that the reductions in cycle time and effort due to improved quality outweigh the increases from achieving higher levels of process maturity. Thus, the net effect of process maturity is reduced cycle time and development effort.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84966365377,10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.075619,"The effects of time budget pressure, organisational-professional conflict, and organisational commitment on dysfunctional auditor behavior","This study tests several hypotheses regarding the relationships between time budget pressure, organisational-professional conflict, organisational commitment, and various forms of dysfunctional auditor behaviour. Data were collected from a sample of experienced auditors in Sweden, and the response rate was 21.4%. The results indicate that time budget pressure has an impact on under-reporting of time (URT), but not on reduced audit quality (RAQ) acts. Simultaneously, the organisational-professional conflict in accounting firms exerts an important influence on RAQ acts, but has no effect on URT. Contrary to our expectations, organisational commitment has no impact on RAQ acts or URT. The overall results indicate that aligning accounting firms' ethical cultures with professional values is an effective method to reduce the likelihood that auditors will commit RAQ acts, and that decreased time budget pressure may reduce URT.",Dysfunctional Auditor Behaviour | OPC | Organisational Commitment | Organisational-Professional Conflict | Time Budget Pressure,"International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation",2016-01-01,Article,"Svanberg, Jan;Öhman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,"Relation of audit time budget pressure, audit quality, and underreporting of time","The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985034297,10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.156,"Empirical Research on How Product Advertising, Time Pressure and the Discount Rate Effect on the Sales of Products in Online Group Purchase","The rapid growth of the market for the group purchase website brings opportunity and challenge, to obtain a stable customer base has become a key factor for the development of group purchase website, so we must identify what purchase factors affecting consumer choice. Through the cooperation with a large tourism group purchase platform in China, we obtain 181 days data that includes the purchase of 4898 group purchase products and related variables. Then we do an empirical analysis on the impact of the group purchase product factors, the results showed that the product advertising effect, product discount level, time pressure product page to display will have a significant impact on the amount of purchase products. Our research not only fills on the blank of influence factors of group purchase behavior, but also provides some practical guidance for the development of group purchase platform.",Advertising effect | Network group buying platform | Price information | Purchase quantity | Time pressure,Procedia Computer Science,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Liu, Yanbin;Liu, Wei;Yuan, Ping;Zhang, Zhonggen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986269049,10.1007/978-3-319-41959-6_9,Effects of time pressure and task difficulty on visual search,"The process of pilot constantly checking the information given by instruments was examined in this study to detect the effects of time pressure and task difficulty on visual searching. A software was designed to simulate visual detection tasks, in which time pressure and task difficulty were adjusted. Two-factor analysis of variance, simple main effect, and regression analyses were conducted on the accuracy and reaction time obtained. Results showed that both time pressure and task difficulty significantly affected accuracy. Moreover, an interaction was apparent between the two factors. In addition, task difficulty had a significant effect on reaction time, which had a linearly increasing relationship with the number of stimuli. By contrast, the effect of time pressure on reaction time was not so apparent under high reaction accuracy of 90 % or above. In the ergonomic design of a human-machine interface, a good matching between time pressure and task difficulty is key to yield excellent searching performance.",Accuracy | Reaction time | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Visual search,Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing,2017-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fan, Xiaoli;Zhou, Qianxiang;Xie, Fang;Liu, Zhongqi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024753382,10.1109/TSE.1989.559768,Effect of time pressure on work efficiency and cognitive judgment,"In this paper we reconcile two opposing views regarding the presence of economies or diseconomies of scale In new software development. Our general approach hypothesizes a production function model of software development that allows for both increasing and decreasing returns to scale, and argues that local scale economies or diseconomies depend upon the size of projects. Using eight different data sets, including several reported In previous research on the subject, we provide empirical evidence in support of our hypothesis. Through the use of the nonparametric DEA technique we also show how to identify the most productive scale size that may vary across organizations. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923167387,10.1016/j.ergon.2015.01.010,Effect of time pressure and target uncertainty on human operator performance and workload for autonomous unmanned aerial system,"Autonomous unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are being utilized at an increasing rate for a number of military applications. The role of a human operator differs from that of a pilot in a manned aircraft, and this new role creates a need for a shift in interface and task design in order to take advantage of the full potential of these systems. This study examined the effects of time pressure and target uncertainty on autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle operator task performance and workload. A 2 × 2 within subjects experiment design was conducted using Multi-Modal Immersive Intelligent Interface for Remote Operation (MIIIRO) software. The primary task was image identification, and secondary tasks consisted of responding to events encountered in typical UAS operations. Time pressure was found to produce a significant difference in subjective workload ratings as well as secondary task performance scores, while target uncertainty was found to produce a significant difference in the primary task performance scores. Interaction effects were also found for primary tasks and two of the secondary tasks. This study has contributed to the knowledge of UAS operation, and the factors which may influence performance and workload within the UAS operator. Performance and workload effects were shown to be elicited by time pressure. Relevance to industry: The research findings from this study will help the UAS community in designing human computer interface and enable appropriate business decisions for staffing and training, to improve system performance and reduce the workload.",Time pressure | Uncertainty | Unmanned aerial vehicles,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016-01-01,Article,"Liu, Dahai;Peterson, Trevor;Vincenzi, Dennis;Doherty, Shawn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974652608,10.1109/MS.2008.1,Effects of time pressure and presence of a fixating design example on novice designers' effective use of a matrix tool in a design selection task,"Does the use of a matrix tool in a design selection task help novice designers select the objectively best design even when they have seen a fixating design and are working under time pressure? The use of matrix tools in a design selection process can improve the selection decision, help identify shortcomings in the concepts, and indicate potential concept combinations. A quantified score for each concept can be calculated using a selection matrix assuming that the customer weights accurately reflect the importance of each function and the performance of each function is accurately measured. In these circumstances, a selection matrix is able to address and eliminate issues of bias in concept selection. Yet, the application of such tools may only be accomplished in introductory design courses in a superficial manner and may be less effective in practice than they could be. Limited time to apply the matrix tool and exposure to a fixating design example are two factors theorized to reduce the likelihood of using a selection matrix and to completing it properly. This study evaluated the ability of novice designers to overcome bias in a design selection process through the use of a selection matrix when time pressure was present vs. absent and when a fixating design was present vs. absent.",Design | Fixation | Matrix tools | Selection bias | Time pressure,International Journal of Engineering Education,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Krauss, Gordon G.;McConnaughey, James;Frederick, Emma;Mashek, Debra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949293691,10.1016/j.lindif.2015.11.006,Intuition and analytic processes in probabilistic reasoning: The role of time pressure,"Dual-process theories distinguish between human reasoning that relies on fast, intuitive processing and reasoning via cognitively demanding, slower analytic processing. Fuzzy-trace theory, in contrast, holds that intuitive processes are at the apex of cognitive development and emphasizes successes of intuitive reasoning. We address the role of intuition by manipulating time pressure in a probabilistic reasoning task. This task can be correctly solved by slow algorithmic processes, but requiring a quick response should encourage the use of fast intuitive processes. Adolescents and undergraduates completed three problems in which they compared a small-numbered ratio (which was always 9-in-10) to a large-numbered ratio that varied: a) 85-in-95 (smaller than 9-in-10); b) 90-in-100 (equal to 9-in-10); and c) 95-in-105 (larger than 9-in-10). Surprisingly, time pressure did not affect performance. Intelligence, cognitive reflection, and numeracy were correlated with performance, but only under time pressure. Advanced reasoning processes can be fast, intuitive, and contribute to cognitive abilities, in accordance with fuzzy-trace theory.",Fuzzy-trace theory | Individual differences | Intuition | Probability judgment | Time pressure,Learning and Individual Differences,2016-01-01,Article,"Furlan, Sarah;Agnoli, Franca;Reyna, Valerie F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953362459,10.1007/s11205-014-0833-1,"Domestic Outsourcing, Housework Shares and Subjective Time Pressure: Gender Differences in the Correlates of Hiring Help","We use data from matched dual earner couples from the Australian Time Use Survey 2006 (n = 926 couples) to investigate predictors of different forms of domestic outsourcing, and whether using each type of paid help is associated with reduced time in male or female-typed tasks, narrower gender gaps in housework time and/or lower subjective time pressure. Results suggest domestic outsourcing does not substitute for much household time, reduces domestic time for men at least as much as for women, and does not ameliorate gender gaps in domestic labor. The only form of paid help associated with significant change in gender shares of domestic work was gardening and maintenance services, which were associated with women doing a greater share of the household total domestic work. We found no evidence that domestic outsourcing reduced feelings of time pressure. We conclude that domestic outsourcing is not effective in ameliorating time pressures or in changing gender dynamics of unpaid work.",Domestic outsourcing | Gender division of labor | Housework shares | Time pressure,Social Indicators Research,2016-01-01,Article,"Craig, Lyn;Baxter, Janeen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846859803,10.1109/TSE.2007.12,Thriving on challenge stressors? Exploring time pressure and learning demands as antecedents of thriving at work,"Empirically based theories are generally perceived as foundational to science. However, in many disciplines, the nature, role and even the necessity of theories remain matters for debate, particularly in young or practical disciplines such as software engineering. This article reports a systematic review of the explicit use of theory in a comprehensive set of 103 articles reporting experiments, from of a total of 5,453 articles published in major software engineering journals and conferences in the decade 1993-2002. Of the 103 articles, 24 use a total of 40 theories in various ways to explain the cause-effect relationship(s) under investigation. The majority of these use theory in the experimental design to justify research questions and hypotheses, some use theory to provide post hoc explanations of their results, and a few test or modify theory. A third of the theories are proposed by authors of the reviewed articles. The interdisciplinary nature of the theories used is greater than that of research in software engineering in general. We found that theory use and awareness of theoretical issues are present, but that theory-driven research is, as yet, not a major issue in empirical software engineering. Several articles comment explicitly on the lack of relevant theory. We call for an increased awareness of the potential benefits of involving theory, when feasible. To support software engineering researchers who wish to use theory, we show which of the reviewed articles on which topics use which theories for what purposes, as well as details of the theories' characteristics. © 2007 IEEE.",Empirical software engineering | Experiments | Research methodology | Theory,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-01-01,Review,"Hannay, Jo E.;Sjøberg, Dag I.K.;Dybå, Tore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860568975,10.1037/a0025996,Motivating subjects to drive in haste using time pressure in a simulated environment,"This article provides an integrative review of the literature on judgment-based predictions of performance time, often described as task duration predictions in psychology and as expert-based effort estimation in engineering and management science. We summarize results on the characteristics of performance time predictions, processes and strategies, the influence of task characteristics and contextual factors, and the relations between estimates and characteristics of the estimator. Although dependent on the type of study and the level of analysis, underestimation was more frequently reported than overestimation in studies from the engineering and management literature. However, this was not the case in studies from the psychology literature. Our summaries challenge earlier results regarding the effects of factors such as complexity/difficulty and experience. We also question the recurrent finding that small tasks are overestimated and large tasks are underestimated, as this to some extent can be a statistical artifact caused by random error. Several other influences on predictions are identified and discussed. These include various types of anchoring effects, performance and accuracy incentives, task decomposition, request formats, group estimation, revisions of initial ideal or incomplete estimates, level of abstraction, and superficial cues. We summarize similarities and differences between performance time predictions (e.g., number of work hours) and completion time predictions (e.g., delivery dates) because many studies fail to distinguish between these 2 types of predictions. Finally, we discuss methodological issues in time prediction research and implications for research and application. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Effort estimation | Performance time | Task duration | Time prediction,Psychological Bulletin,2012-03-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873113883,10.1109/ICSM.2012.6405288,In-depth analysis of multimodal interaction: An explorative paradigm,"In this paper we present a maintainability based model for estimating the costs of developing source code in its evolution phase. Our model adopts the concept of entropy in thermodynamics, which is used to measure the disorder of a system. In our model, we use maintainability for measuring disorder (i.e. entropy) of the source code of a software system. We evaluated our model on three proprietary and two open source real world software systems implemented in Java, and found that the maintainability of these evolving software is decreasing over time. Furthermore, maintainability and development costs are in exponential relationship with each other. We also found that our model is able to predict future development costs with high accuracy in these systems. © 2012 IEEE.",cost prediction model | development cost estimation | ISO/IEC 25000 | ISO/IEC 9126 | Software maintainability,"IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bakota, Tibor;Hegedus, Peter;Ladanyi, Gergely;Kortvelyesi, Peter;Ferenc, Rudolf;Gyimothy, Tibor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898619003,10.1109/TSE.2013.52,"Quantifying the impacts of rework, schedule pressure, and ripple effect loops on project schedule performance","Several variants of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been applied to solve the project scheduling problem (PSP), yet their performance highly depends on design choices for the EA. It is still unclear how and why different EAs perform differently. We present the first runtime analysis for the PSP, gaining insights into the performance of EAs on the PSP in general, and on specific instance classes that are easy or hard. Our theoretical analysis has practical implications-based on it, we derive an improved EA design. This includes normalizing employees' dedication for different tasks to ensure they are not working overtime; a fitness function that requires fewer pre-defined parameters and provides a clear gradient towards feasible solutions; and an improved representation and mutation operator. Both our theoretical and empirical results show that our design is very effective. Combining the use of normalization to a population gave the best results in our experiments, and normalization was a key component for the practical effectiveness of the new design. Not only does our paper offer a new and effective algorithm for the PSP, it also provides a rigorous theoretical analysis to explain the efficiency of the algorithm, especially for increasingly large projects. © 2014 IEEE.",evolutionary algorithms | runtime analysis | Schedule and organizational issues | search-based software engineering | software project management | software project scheduling,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2014-01-01,Article,"Minku, Leandro L.;Sudholt, Dirk;Yao, Xin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,Decisions,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902979895,10.1016/j.eswa.2014.05.003,Speedy Delivery Versus Long-term Objectives: How Time Pressure Affects Coordination Between Temporary Projects and Permanent Organizations,"The Software Project Scheduling Problem is a specific Project Scheduling Problem present in many industrial and academic areas. This problem consists in making the appropriate worker-task assignment in a software project so the cost and duration of the project are minimized. We present the design of a Max-Min Ant System algorithm using the Hyper-Cube framework to solve it. This framework improves the performance of the algorithm. We illustrate experimental results and compare with other techniques demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of the approach, while reaching competitive solutions. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Ant Colony Optimization | Project management | Software engineering | Software Project Scheduling Problem,Expert Systems with Applications,2014-11-01,Article,"Crawford, Broderick;Soto, Ricardo;Johnson, Franklin;Monfroy, Eric;Paredes, Fernando",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950902597,10.1145/1718918.1718971,Cognitive styles and the effects of stress from cognitive load and time pressures on judgemental decision making with learning simulations: Implications for HRD,"An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects. Copyright 2010 ACM.",Collaborative tools | Concurrent engineering | Dependencies | Distributed development | Errors | Experience,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2010-04-20,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862944855,10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2616,Inequalities in unpaid work: A cross-national comparison,"A new modeling approach to analyze the impact of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness of agile maintenance process is presented in this paper. Based on a causal loop diagram the authors developed earlier and the analytical theory of project investment, this paper analyzed the effect of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness. Preliminary results show that maintenance effectiveness is low when schedule pressure is high, and is high when schedule pressure is low. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.",Agile development methedology | Analytical theory of project investment | Simulation | Software engineering | System dynamics,Procedia Engineering,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kong, Xiaoying;Liu, Li;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84931091062,10.1109/ICSME.2014.26,Minimum viable user experience: A framework for supporting product design in startups,"To detect integration errors as quickly as possible, organizations use automated build systems. Such systems ensure that (1) the developers are able to integrate their parts into an executable whole, (2) the testers are able to test the built system, (3) and the release engineers are able to leverage the generated build to produce the upcoming release. The flipside of automated builds is that any incorrect change can break the build, and hence testing and releasing, and (even worse) block other developers from continuing their work, delaying the project even further. To measure the impact of such build breakage, this empirical study analyzes 3,214 builds produced in a large software company over a period of 6 months. We found a high ratio of build breakage (17.9%), and also quantified the cost of such build breakage as more than 336.18 man-hours. Interviews with 28 software engineers from the company helped to understand the circumstances under which builds are broken and the effects of build breakages on the collaboration and coordination of teams. We quantitatively investigated the main factors impacting build breakage and found that build failures correlate with the number of simultaneous contributors on branches, the type of work items performed on a branch, and the roles played by the stakeholders of the builds (for example developers vs. Integrators).",Automated Builds | Data Mining | Empirical Software Engineering | Software Quality,"Proceedings - 30th International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution, ICSME 2014",2014-12-04,Conference Paper,"Kerzazi, Noureddine;Khomh, Foutse;Adams, Bram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036638665,10.1287/orsc.13.4.402.2948,Community Identity Increases Urban Residents' In-group Emergency Helping Intention,"Successful application of concurrent development processes (concurrent engineering) requires tight coordination. To speed development, tasks often proceed in parallel by relying on preliminary information from other tasks, information that has not yet been finalized. This frequently causes substantial rework using as much as 50% of total engineering capacity. Previous studies have either described coordination as a complex social process, or have focused on the frequency, but not the content, of information exchanges. Through extensive fieldwork in a high-end German automotive manufacturer, we develop a framework of preliminary information that distinguishes information precision and information stability. Information precision refers to the accuracy of the information exchanged. Information stability defines the likelihood of changing a piece of information later in the process. This definition of preliminary information allows us to develop a time-dependent model for managing interdependent tasks, producing two alternative strategies: iterative and set-based coordination. We discuss the trade-offs in choosing a coordination strategy and how they change over time. This allows an organization to match its problem-solving strategy with the interdependence it faces. Set-based coordination requires an absence of ambiguity, and should be emphasized if either starvation costs or the cost of pursuing multiple design alternatives in parallel are low. Iterative coordination should be emphasized if the downstream task faces ambiguity, or if starvation costs are high and iteration (rework) costs are low.",Communication | Concurrent Engineering | Coordination | Information Processing | Preliminary Information | Problem-Solving Strategies | Product Development,Organization Science,2002-01-01,Article,"Terwiesch, Christian;Loch, Christoph H.;De Meyer, Arnoud",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928598392,10.1109/COMPSAC.2014.96,"Openness to experience, work experience and patient safety","Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) applies search-based optimization techniques in order to solve complex Software Engineering problems. In the recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of SBSE applications in areas such as Software Test, Requirements Engineering, and Project Planning. Our focus is on the analysis of the literature in Project Planning, specifically the researches conducted in software project scheduling and resource allocation. SBSE project scheduling and resource allocation solutions basically use optimization algorithms. Considering the results of a previous Systematic Literature Review, in this work, we analyze the issues of adopting these optimization algorithms in what is considered typical settings found in software development organizations. We found few evidence signaling that the expectations of software development organizations are being attended.",Literature review | Project management | Resource allocation | Scheduling | Search-Based Software Engineering | Staffing,Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference,2014-09-15,Conference Paper,"Peixoto, Daniela C.C.;Mateus, Geraldo R.;Resende, Rodolfo F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85052284458,10.2118/179207-ms,Managing the human factor in the incident investigation process,"Incident investigation and analysis are crucially important parts of the learning from incidents process. They are also highly complex tasks, especially analyzing information to relate ""effects"" to ""causes. "" It requires the processing and judgment of vast amounts of information under often demanding circumstances like time pressure and lack of resources. These task elements are typical ingredients for the presence of so-called cognitive biases. These biases can have a negative influence on the validity of an investigation and can lead to incorrect and hence ineffective recommendations. This is also a serious issue from a legal perspective as in many cases an investigation has to be able to withstand scrutiny in legal proceedings. For individual investigators and teams it is very difficult to identify these biases by themselves if they do not know what ""red flags"" to look for. The questions posed in this paper are: What kind of cognitive biases are present in incident analyses and what can be done to detect and prevent them? Nine incident analysis reports have been evaluated to identify cognitive biases. These reports were written by certified investigators of an internationally operating safety consultancy. We extracted the factual elements from these reports, re-analyzed the incidents, and compared the conclusions to the original results We identified cognitive biases in all reports. The investigators can detect these biases themselves at an early stage of an investigation. Once identified, the investigators can update the analysis or search for extra information in supplemental investigations. The avoidance of cognitive biases can help organizations to avoid implementing ineffective recommendations and, maybe even more important, make sure that effective improvements are not missed.",,"Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Burggraaf, Julia;Groeneweg, Jop",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866843543,10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0146,Factors related to presenteeism among academics in public universities,"Software development effort estimation is important for quality management in the software development industry, yet its automation still remains a challenging issue. Accurate estimation of software effort is critical in software engineering. Existing methods for software cost estimation will use very few quality factors for the estimation. So, in order to overcome this drawback, the authors proposed an efficient effort estimation system based on quality assurance coverage. This study is a basis for the improvement of software effort estimation research through a series of quality attributes along with constructive cost model (COCOMO). The classification of software system for which the effort estimation is to be calculated based on COCOMO classes. For this quality assurance ISO 9126 quality factors are used and for the weighing factors the function point metric is used as an estimation approach. Effort is estimated for MS word 2007 using the following models: Albrecht and Gaffney model, Kemerer model, SMPEEM model (Software Maintenance Project Effort Estimation Model and FP Matson, Barnett and Mellichamp model. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.",,IET Software,2012-08-01,Article,"Azath, H.;Wahidabanu, R. S.D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863665624,10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0104,Imposing Cognitive Constraints on Reference Production: The Interplay Between Speech and Gesture During Grounding,"Many researchers have reported the defect growth within the evolutionary-developed large-scale systems, and increased fault slips from the early verification stages into late. This suggests that improvement in the early defect detection process control is needed. This study focuses on evaluation of adding inspection effort early in the development process. Based on the examination of the existing metrics used in defect detection process, the authors establish metrics to quantify its value from the quality and cost-benefit perspective. The effect of adding inspection effort early in the development process is evaluated in a case study using industrial data from history and an ongoing project involving three geographically distributed sites of the same globally distributed software development organisation with around 300 developers. The findings show that the expert-based decision criteria for additional investment are mostly based on quality and reliability issues, and less on costs. Consequently, the additional inspection improves significantly the quality, while the cost-benefit was not statistically significant. This leads to the conclusion that better decision criteria that would incorporate the costs and not only quality perceptions are the key for improving the product reliability, as well as the overall software life-cycle cost-efficiency. This study is motivated by the real industrial environment, and thus, contributes to both research and practice by presenting the empirical evidence. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.",,IET Software,2012-06-01,Article,"Grbac, Galinac T.;Car, Ž;Huljenić, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974569621,10.1145/2901739.2901752,Not all hours are equal: Could time be a social determinant of health?,"Similar to other industries, the software engineering domain is plagued by psychological diseases such as burnout, which lead developers to lose interest, exhibit lower activity and/or feel powerless. Prevention is essential for such diseases, which in turn requires early identification of symptoms. The emotional dimensions of Valence, Arousal and Dominance (VAD) are able to derive a person's interest (attraction), level of activation and perceived level of control for a particular situation from textual communication, such as emails. As an initial step towards identifying symptoms of productivity loss in software engineering, this paper explores the VAD metrics and their properties on 700,000 Jira issue reports containing over 2,000,000 comments, since issue reports keep track of a developer's progress on addressing bugs or new features. Using a general-purpose lexicon of 14,000 English words with known VAD scores, our results show that issue reports of different type (e.g., Feature Request vs. Bug) have a fair variation of Valence, while increase in issue priority (e.g., from Minor to Critical) typically increases Arousal. Furthermore, we show that as an issue's resolution time increases, so does the arousal of the individual the issue is assigned to. Finally, the resolution of an issue increases valence, especially for the issue Reporter and for quickly addressed issues. The existence of such relations between VAD and issue report activities shows promise that text mining in the future could offer an alternative way for work health assessment surveys.",,"Proceedings - 13th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2016",2016-05-14,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika;Adams, Bram;Destefanis, Giuseppe;Graziotin, Daniel;Ortu, Marco",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930406586,10.1504/IJASM.2015.068605,How do software startups pivot? Empirical results from a multiple case study,"Identifying impact factors on software development productivity and the static relations between the impact factors and performance has been the main focus in the literature. Insight into the dynamic relation between key factors and performance dimensions would expand and complement the conventional wisdom on software development productivity. This is the first study to present such dynamic relationship based on an Analytical Theory of Project Investment. Through simulation, we have demonstrated the dynamic relationship between project duration, the uncertainty level of the perceived project value, the fixed project upfront cost and software development productivity. The findings provide practitioners with insight into how these factors interact and impact on software development project productivity.",Modelling | Simulation | Software development methodology | Software development productivity,International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Liu, Li;Kong, Xiaoying;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84983000211,10.21437/speechprosody.2016-106,Re-enacted and spontaneous conversational prosody— how different?,"Previous work has shown that read and spontaneous monologues differ prosodically both in production and perception. In this paper, we examine to which extent similar effects can be found between spontaneous and read, or rather re-enacted, dialogues. It is possible that speakers can mimic conversational prosody very well. Another possibility is that in re-enacted dialogues, prosody is actually used less as a communicative device, as there is no need to establish a common ground or to organize the floor between interlocutors. In our study, we examined spontaneous and read dialogues of equal verbal content. The task-oriented dialogues contained a communicative situation implicitly calling for for a higher speaking rate (time pressure). Our results show that overall, speakers met this conversational demand of increased speaking rate both in the reenacted and in the spontaneous situation, although we find different global speaking rates between conditions. Also, read speech exhibits a lower F0 minimum and, consequently, a larger F0 range than spontaneous conversations, which may be explicable by a lack of active turn taking organization. Summing up, re-enacted conversational prosody resembles many features of spontaneous interaction, but also shows systematic differences.",Conversational prosody | Read speech | Speaking rate | Speaking styles | Spontaneous speech,Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wagner, Petra;Windmann, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928622899,10.1080/00207721.2013.827261,JAMF-based representation for computational lung sound analysis,"Most existing research on software release time determination assumes that parameters of the software reliability model (SRM) are deterministic and the reliability estimate is accurate. In practice, however, there exists a risk that the reliability requirement cannot be guaranteed due to the parameter uncertainties in the SRM, and such risk can be as high as 50% when the mean value is used. It is necessary for the software project managers to reduce the risk to a lower level by delaying the software release, which inevitably increases the software testing costs. In order to incorporate the managers preferences over these two factors, a decision model based on multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is developed for the determination of optimal risk-reduction release time.",multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) | parameter uncertainty | software release time | software reliability,International Journal of Systems Science,2015-07-04,Article,"Peng, Rui;Li, Yan Fu;Zhang, Jun Guang;Li, Xiang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84994121044,10.1145/2568225.2568245,The Effect of Deadline Pressure on Pre-Negotiation Positions: A Comparison of Auditors and Client Management,"Time pressure is prevalent in the software industry in which shorter and shorter deadlines and high customer demands lead to increasingly tight deadlines. However, the effects of time pressure have received little attention in software engineering research. We performed a controlled experiment on time pressure with 97 observations from 54 subjects. Using a two-by-two crossover design, our subjects performed requirements review and test case development tasks. We found statistically significant evidence that time pressure increases efficiency in test case development (high effect size Cohens d=1.279) and in requirements review (medium effect size Cohens d=0.650). However, we found no statistically significant evidence that time pressure would decrease effectiveness or cause adverse effects on motivation, frustration or perceived performance. We also investigated the role of knowledge but found no evidence of the mediating role of knowledge in time pressure as suggested by prior work, possibly due to our subjects. We conclude that applying moderate time pressure for limited periods could be used to increase efficiency in software engineering tasks that are well structured and straight forward.",Experiment | Review | Test case development | Time pressure,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2014-05-31,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Petersen, Kai;Lehtinen, Timo O.A.;Lassenius, Casper",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947486883,10.1007/s11628-014-0259-5,Negotiating behavior in service outsourcing. An exploratory case study analysis,"Despite the well-documented importance of the outcome of negotiation for strategic success, little attention has been paid to negotiations in outsourcing agreements. In view of this gap in the literature, this paper addresses the contextual factors that better explain the negotiation behavior displayed in increasingly frequent service outsourcing agreements. Exploratory research, based on the analysis of four cases of a service outsourcing negotiation process, leads to a series of proposals that form the basis for a further research agenda. Our findings suggest that negotiating behavior in service outsourcing can be explained by the power relationship, time pressure and, in particular, by the type of service outsourced. The latter appears to influence the impact of other contextual factors on negotiating behavior.",Negotiating behavior | Power relationship | Service outsourcing | Time pressure | Value creation,Service Business,2015-12-01,Article,"Saorín-Iborra, M. Carmen;Redondo-Cano, Ana;Revuelto-Taboada, Lorenzo;Vogler, Éric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923281540,10.1016/j.eswa.2015.01.066,Are lengthy audit report lags a warning signal?,"This paper proposes a new matrix-based project planning method that takes into consideration task importance or probability of completions thus determines and ranks the importance or probability of possible project scenarios and project structures. The proposed algorithm is fast, aims to select the most important project scenarios or the least cost/time demanding project structures. The algorithm is generic, can host several types of goals dictated by the characteristics of project management and as such can be the fundamental element of a project expert- and decision-making system.",Decision-making tools | Exact algorithms | Project planning methods | Supporting traditional and agile project managements,Expert Systems with Applications,2015-06-01,Article,"Kosztyán, Zsolt T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947488010,10.1007/s10484-015-9302-0,Effects of Cognitive Appraisal and Mental Workload Factors on Performance in an Arithmetic Task,"We showed in a previous study an additive interaction between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads and of participants’ alertness in an 1-back working memory task. The interaction between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads was only observed when participants’ alertness was low (i.e. in the morning). As alertness is known to reflect an individual’s general functional state, we suggested that the working memory capacity available for germane cognitive load depends on a participant’s functional state, in addition to intrinsic and extraneous loads induced by the task and task conditions. The relationships between the different load types and their assessment by specific load measures gave rise to a modified cognitive load model. The aim of the present study was to complete the model by determining to what extent and at what processing level an individual’s characteristics intervene in order to implement efficient strategies in a working memory task. Therefore, the study explored participants’ cognitive appraisal of the situation in addition to the load factors considered previously—task difficulty, time pressure and alertness. Each participant performed a mental arithmetic task in four different cognitive load conditions (crossover of two task difficulty conditions and of two time pressure conditions), both while their alertness was low (9 a.m.) and high (4 p.m.). Results confirmed an additive effect of task difficulty and time pressure, previously reported in the 1-back memory task, thereby lending further support to the modified cognitive load model. Further, in the high intrinsic and extraneous load condition, performance was reduced on the morning session (i.e. when alertness was low) on one hand, and in those participants’ having a threat appraisal of the situation on the other hand. When these factors were included into the analysis, a performance drop occurred in the morning irrespective of cognitive appraisal, and with threat appraisal in the afternoon (i.e. high alertness). Taken together, these findings indicate that mental overload can be the result of a combination of subject-related characteristics, including alertness and cognitive appraisal, in addition to well-documented task-related components (intrinsic and extraneous load). As the factors investigated in the study are known to be critically involved in a number of real job-activities, the findings suggest that solutions designed to reduce incidents and accidents at work should consider the situation from a global perspective, including individual characteristics, task parameters, and work organization, rather than dealing with each factor separately.",Alertness | Arithmetic task | Cognitive appraisal | Cognitive load | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Workload measures,Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback,2015-12-01,Article,"Galy, Edith;Mélan, Claudine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947492647,10.1007/s00221-015-4401-y,Quick foot placement adjustments during gait: direction matters,"To prevent falls, adjustment of foot placement is a frequently used strategy to regulate and restore gait stability. While foot trajectory adjustments have been studied during discrete stepping, online corrections during walking are more common in daily life. Here, we studied quick foot placement adjustments during gait, using an instrumented treadmill equipped with a projector, which allowed us to project virtual stepping stones. This allowed us to shift some of the approaching stepping stones in a chosen direction at a given moment, such that participants were forced to adapt their step in that specific direction and had varying time available to do so. Thirteen healthy participants performed six experimental trials all consisting of 580 stepping stones, and 96 of those stones were shifted anterior, posterior or lateral at one out of four distances from the participant. Overall, long-step gait adjustments were performed more successfully than short-step and side-step gait adjustments. We showed that the ability to execute movement adjustments depends on the direction of the trajectory adjustment. Our findings suggest that choosing different leg movement adjustments for obstacle avoidance comes with different risks and that strategy choice does not depend exclusively on environmental constraints. The used obstacle avoidance strategy choice might be a trade-off between the environmental factors (i.e., the cost of a specific adjustment) and individuals’ ability to execute a specific adjustment with success (i.e., the associated execution risk).",Falls | Locomotion | Obstacle avoidance | Online corrections | Stepping accuracy | Walking,Experimental Brain Research,2015-12-01,Article,"Hoogkamer, Wouter;Potocanac, Zrinka;Duysens, Jacques",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874168256,10.1109/ICoAC.2012.6416816,Retention and job satisfaction of child welfare supervisors,"Estimation of software is a very important and crucial task in the software development process. Due to the intangible nature of software, it is difficult to predict the effort correctly. There are number of options available to predict the software effort such as algorithmic models, non-algorithmic models etc. Estimation of Analogy has been proved to be most effective method. In this, the estimation is based on the similar projects that have been successfully completed already. If the parameters of the current project, matches well with the past project then it is easy to calculate the effort for current project. The success rate of the effort prediction largely depends on finding the most similar past projects. For finding the most relevant past project in estimation by analogy method, the computational intelligence tools have already been used. The use of Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithm has not fully solved the problem of selection of relevant projects. The main problems faced are Feature Selection and Similarity Measure between the projects. This can be achieved by using Differential Evolution. This is a population based search strategy. The Differential Evolution is used to compare the key attributes between the two projects. Thus we can get most optimal projects which can be used for the estimation of effort using analogy method. © 2012 IEEE.",COCOMO | Differential Evolution | Expert Judgment | Genetic Algorithm,"4th International Conference on Advanced Computing, ICoAC 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Thamarai, I.;Murugavalli, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946059895,10.17559/TV-20140519212813,Surgeons' emotional experience of their everyday practice - A qualitative study,This paper introduces a proposal of design of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm paradigm using Hyper-Cube framework to solve the Software Project Scheduling Problem. This NP-hard problem consists in assigning tasks to employees in order to minimize the project duration and its overall cost. This assignment must satisfy the problem constraints and precedence between tasks. The approach presented here employs the Hyper-Cube framework in order to establish an explicitly multidimensional space to control the ant behaviour. This allows us to autonomously handle the exploration of the search space with the aim of reaching encouraging solutions.,Ant Colony Optimization | Hyper-Cube | Scheduling | Software Project Management,Tehnicki Vjesnik,2015-10-22,Article,"Crawford, Broderick;Soto, Ricardo;Johnson, Franklin;Misra, Sanjay;Paredes, Fernando;Olguín, Eduardo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947743020,10.1007/s10798-015-9343-y,Time pressure and creativity in industrial design,"Creativity is a critical aspect of competitiveness in all trades and professions. In the case of designers, creativity is of the utmost importance. Based on the perspective of industrial design, the relationship between creativity and time pressure was investigated in this study using control and experimental groups. In the first part of the study, fuzzy theory, the Creative Product Analysis Matrix, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Consensus Assessment Techniques were integrated to establish a method to evaluate creativity in industrial design. Moreover, the experimental and control groups were compared using three tests: the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, the product concept development test, and the product aesthetic development test. Six hypotheses were examined. Based on an analysis of the results, suggestions are offered to improve creativity management. The suggestions can serve as reference for creativity management of individuals, groups and companies in order to make the concept generating process more efficient.",Creativity | Design education | Design method(s) | Design methodology | Fuzzy theory | Product design,International Journal of Technology and Design Education,2017-06-01,Article,"Hsiao, Shih Wen;Wang, Ming Feng;Chen, Chien Wie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,The broad factor of working memory is virtually isomorphic to fluid intelligence tested under time pressure,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84960156156,10.1109/ICMTMA.2015.192,Pilot Mental Workload Prediction Model Based on Information Display Interface,"To predict the changes of mental workload for the pilot, a mental workload prediction model based on the information display interface, which comprehensively considering the influences of time pressure, information intensity and multidimensional information coding on mental workload, was proposed. In order to verify the validity of the model, 20 subjects performed an indicators monitoring task under different task conditions. Performance measure, subjective measure and physiological measure were adopted for evaluation the mental workload. The integrated experimental results reveal that the changing trend of mental workload calculated by the theoretical model is relatively highly correlated with the practical experimental results. This mental workload prediction model will provide a reference for the ergonomics evaluation and optimization design of cockpit display interface.",Display Interface | Ergonomics | Mathematical Model | Mental Workload | Time Pressure,"Proceedings - 2015 7th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2015",2015-09-11,Conference Paper,"Ma, Meiling;Wanyan, Xiaoru;Zhuang, Damin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953782801,10.1109/CSCWD.2010.5471998,Time pressure reverses risk preferences,"The software industry has recognized the importance of teamwork as a driver for good projects results. However teamwork is not an easy goal to reach, because there is a large list of variables affecting the process. Each project probably will require a particular recipe to promote and perform real teamwork. Therefore a one-size fits-all approach does not work to promote teamwork in the software development scenarios. This article presents an influence model that helps the development teams to find a strategy that allow them to carry out teamwork. This model is the result of an analysis conducted by the authors on 27 software projects performed in a controlled setting in an academic environment. © 2010 IEEE.",Human behavior | Software development teams | Teamwork,"Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marques, Maira;Ochoa, Sergio F.;Quispe, Alcides;Silvestre, Luis;Villena, Agustin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901820618,10.1002/pmj.21411,The relationship between economic value of time and feelings of time pressure,"In this article we focus on the quantitative project scheduling problem in IT companies that apply the agile management philosophy and Scrum, in particular. We combine mathematical programming with an agile project flow using a modified multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling model for software projects (MRCPSSP). The proposed approach can be used to generate schedules as benchmarks for agile development iterations. Computational experiments based on real project data indicate that this approach significantly reduces the project cycle time. The approach can be a useful addition to agile project management, especially for software projects with predefined deadlines and budgets. © 2014 by the Project Management Institute.",agile software development | quantitative project management | Scrum | software project scheduling,Project Management Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Jahr, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876277080,10.1142/S0218194012500301,What added value do estate agents offer compared to FSBO transactions? Explanation from a perceived advantages model,"With increasing demands on software functions, software systems become more and more complex. This complexity is one of the most pervasive factors affecting software development productivity. Assessing the impact of software complexity on development productivity helps to provide effective strategies for development process and project management. Previous research literatures have suggested that development productivity declines exponentially with software complexity. Borrowing insights from cognitive learning psychology and behavior theory, the relationship between software complexity and development productivity was reexamined in this paper. This research identified that the relationship partially showed a U-shaped as well as an inverted U-shaped curvilinear tendency. Furthermore, the range of complexity level that is beneficial for productivity has been presented, in which, the lower bound denotes the minimum degree of complexity at which personnel can be motivated, while the upper bound shows the maximum extent of complexity that staff can endure. Based on our findings, some guidelines for improving personnel management of software industry have also been given. © 2012 World Scientific Publishing Company.",behavior theory | cognitive psychology | productivity | Software complexity,International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering,2012-12-01,Article,"Zhan, Jizhou;Zhou, Xianzhong;Zhao, Jiabao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927730115,10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.03.014,Impacts of situational factors on process attribute uses for food purchases,"Consumer buying decisions for food reflect considerations about food production.However, consumers' interest in process-related product characteristics does not always translate into buying intentions. The present study investigates how situational factors affect the use of process-related considerations when consumers select food products. A conjoint study provides estimated part worth utilities for product alternatives that differ on five product attributes (including four process-related factors) across two products (bread and sports drink) that differ on perceived naturalness. The investigation of the utilities of the process-related attributes features both an internal (priming of environmental values/value centrality) and an external (time pressure) situational factor. The results indicate that the importance of process-related attributes is product specific and also depends on situational factors.",Priming | Process-related attribute | Situational factors | Time pressure,Food Quality and Preference,2015-09-01,Article,"Loebnitz, Natascha;Mueller Loose, Simone;Grunert, Klaus G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953791726,10.1145/2766462.2767817,Time pressure and system delays in information search,"We report preliminary results of the impact of time pressure and system delays on search behavior from a laboratory study with forty-three participants. To induce time pressure, we randomly assigned half of our study participants to a treatment condition where they were only allowed five minutes to search for each of four ad-hoc search topics. The other half of the participants were given no task time limits. For half of participants' search tasks (n=2), five second delays were introduced after queries were submitted and SERP results were clicked. Results showed that participants in the time pressure condition queried at a significantly higher rate, viewed significantly fewer documents per query, had significantly shallower hover and view depths, and spent significantly less time examining documents and SERPs. We found few significant differences in search behavior for system delay or interaction effects between time pressure and system delay. These initial results show time pressure has a significant impact on search behavior and suggest the design of search interfaces and features that support people who are searching under time pressure.",Search behavior | System delays | Time pressure,SIGIR 2015 - Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval,2015-08-09,Conference Paper,"Crescenzi, Anita;Kelly, Diane;Azzopardi, Leif",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930406586,10.1504/IJASM.2015.068605,Speed-accuracy tradeoff of controlling absolute magnitude of fingertip force,"Identifying impact factors on software development productivity and the static relations between the impact factors and performance has been the main focus in the literature. Insight into the dynamic relation between key factors and performance dimensions would expand and complement the conventional wisdom on software development productivity. This is the first study to present such dynamic relationship based on an Analytical Theory of Project Investment. Through simulation, we have demonstrated the dynamic relationship between project duration, the uncertainty level of the perceived project value, the fixed project upfront cost and software development productivity. The findings provide practitioners with insight into how these factors interact and impact on software development project productivity.",Modelling | Simulation | Software development methodology | Software development productivity,International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Liu, Li;Kong, Xiaoying;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930618857,10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.04.002,Combination or Differentiation? Two theories of processing order in classification,"Does cognition begin with an undifferentiated stimulus whole, which can be divided into distinct attributes if time and cognitive resources allow (Differentiation Theory)? Or does it begin with the attributes, which are combined if time and cognitive resources allow (Combination Theory)? Across psychology, use of the terms analytic and non-analytic imply that Differentiation Theory is correct-if cognition begins with the attributes, then synthesis, rather than analysis, is the more appropriate chemical analogy. We re-examined four classic studies of the effects of time pressure, incidental training, and concurrent load on classification and category learning (Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Shapiro, 1989; Ward, 1983). These studies are typically interpreted as supporting Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory, while more recent work in classification (Milton et al., 2008, et seq.) supports the opposite conclusion. Across seven experiments, replication and re-analysis of the four classic studies revealed that they do not support Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory-two experiments support Combination Theory over Differentiation Theory, and the remainder are compatible with both accounts. We conclude that Combination Theory provides a parsimonious account of both classic and more recent work in this area. The presented data do not require Differentiation Theory, nor a Combination-Differentiation hybrid account.",Analytic | Categorization | Category learning | Concurrent load | Holistic | Nonanalytic | Time pressure,Cognitive Psychology,2015-08-01,Article,"Wills, Andy J.;Inkster, Angus B.;Milton, Fraser",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939988932,10.1007/s11947-015-1488-x,"Evaluation of High Pressure Processing Kinetic Models for Microbial Inactivation Using Standard Statistical Tools and Information Theory Criteria, and the Development of Generic Time-Pressure Functions for Process Design","Generic kinetic models for microbial inactivation by high pressure processing (HPP) would accelerate the development of commercial applications. The aim of this work was to develop a generic model obtained by fitting peer-reviewed microbial inactivation data (124 kinetic curves) to first-order kinetics (LKM), Weibull (WBLL), and Gompertz (GMPZ) primary and secondary models. Standard statistics (coefficient of determination (R2), variance, residuals plots, experimental vs. predicted plots) and information theory criteria (Akaike Information Criteria, AIC; Akaike differences, ∆AICi, Bayesian Information Criteria) determined their goodness of fit. Standard statistics showed no differences between WBLL and GMPZ, whereas information theory criteria identified WBLL as the best model (lowest AICi value, 61.3 % of cases). LKM performed poorly according to all statistics (e.g., ∆AICi > 10, 58.1 % of cases). The dispersion of model parameters prevented the derivation of a secondary model for the whole dataset, but clear trends and sufficient data (56 kinetic curves) were found to develop one for milk. A secondary WBLL model (b′ = 0.056–2.230, n = 0.758 − 0.403; 150–600 MPa) was the best alternative (AICi = 183.8). A GMPZ model yielded similar predictions, but registered ∆AICi = 19.3 reflecting its larger number of parameters (p = 8). Selecting datasets with pressure holding times of commercial interest (t ≤ 10 min) yielded different parameter estimates for the generic WBLL model (b′ = 0.079–1.859, n = 1.340–0.557; 300–600 MPa). In conclusion, information theory criteria complemented standard statistics, and the simpler WBLL secondary model (p = 4) provided a product-specific time-pressure function of industrial relevance.",Akaike information criteria (AIC) | First-order kinetics model | Gompertz model | High pressure processing (HPP) | Information theory criteria | Microbial inactivation kinetics | Weibull model,Food and Bioprocess Technology,2015-06-01,Article,"Serment-Moreno, Vinicio;Fuentes, Claudio;Barbosa-Cánovas, Gustavo;Torres, José Antonio;Welti-Chanes, Jorge",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937698294,10.1152/jn.00845.2013,Speed-accuracy tradeoff by a control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition,"A hallmark of flexible behavior is the brain’s ability to dynamically adjust speed and accuracy in decision-making. Recent studies suggested that such adjustments modulate not only the decision threshold, but also the rate of evidence accumulation. However, the underlying neuronal-level mechanism of the rate change remains unclear. In this work, using a spiking neural network model of perceptual decision, we demonstrate that speed and accuracy of a decision process can be effectively adjusted by manipulating a top-down control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition [balanced synaptic input (BSI)]. Our model predicts that emphasizing accuracy over speed leads to reduced rate of ramping activity and reduced baseline activity of decision neurons, which have been observed recently at the level of single neurons recorded from behaving monkeys in speed-accuracy tradeoff tasks. Moreover, we found that an increased inhibitory component of BSI skews the decision time distribution and produces a pronounced exponential tail, which is commonly observed in human studies. Our findings suggest that BSI can serve as a top-down control mechanism to rapidly and parametrically trade between speed and accuracy, and such a cognitive control signal presents both when the subjects emphasize accuracy or speed in perceptual decisions.",Balanced input | Decision making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Top-down control,Journal of Neurophysiology,2015-05-20,Article,"Lo, Chung Chuan;Wang, Cheng Te;Wang, Xiao Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946190227,10.1016/j.lindif.2015.04.002,Transforming response time and errors to address tradeoffs in complex measures of processing speed,"An experiment evaluated a transformation of response time (RT) into response rate adjusted for errors (RRAdj) for its ability to accommodate different speed-accuracy tradeoffs (SATs). Participants solved 2-step arithmetic problems under instructional conditions that emphasized speed versus accuracy of responding. RT and error variables were transformed using RRAdj and three additional computations to determine which better equated performance scores under the two tradeoff conditions. Effective adjustment for SAT strategy was evaluated by the equivalence of predictive relationships with other variables, regardless of SAT instructional set. Of the scoring computations compared, RRAdj alone equated performance in the tradeoff conditions, and it was optimized when accuracy was adjusted for guessing. Thus, in certain multistep cognitive tasks, incorporating RT and error data in the RRAdj computation could at least partially adjust for differing SAT strategies and embody additional meaningful variance compared to the commonly used RT for correct responses.",Errors | Response time | RR Adj | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Learning and Individual Differences,2015-05-01,Article,"Sorensen, Linda J.;Woltz, Dan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925002603,10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.008,Does time pressure create barriers for people to receive preventive health services?,"Objective: Regular use of recommended preventive health services can promote good health and prevent disease. However, individuals may forgo obtaining preventive care when they are busy with competing activities and commitments. This study examined whether time pressure related to work obligations creates barriers to obtaining needed preventive health services. Methods: Data from the 2002-2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were used to measure the work hours of 61,034 employees (including 27,910 females) and their use of five preventive health services (flu vaccinations, routine check-ups, dental check-ups, mammograms and Pap smear). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between working hours and use of each of those five services. Results: Individuals working long hours (>. 60 per week) were significantly less likely to obtain dental check-ups (OR. = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.91) and mammograms (OR. = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.73). Working 51-60. h weekly was associated with less likelihood of receiving Pap smear (OR. = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.96). No association was found for flu vaccination. Conclusions: Time pressure from work might create barriers for people to receive particular preventive health services, such as breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening and dental check-ups. Health practitioners should be aware of this particular source of barriers to care.",Cancer screening | Dental check-up | Flu vaccination | Mammogram | Overtime | Pap smear | Preventive health services | Time pressure | Work hours,Preventive Medicine,2015-05-01,Article,"Yao, Xiaoxi;Dembe, Allard E.;Wickizer, Thomas;Lu, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945474824,10.1007/s11606-015-3341-3,The End of the 15–20 Minute Primary Care Visit,,Burnout | Health policy | Primary care | Quality of care | Time pressure,Journal of General Internal Medicine,2015-11-01,Article,"Linzer, Mark;Bitton, Asaf;Tu, Shin Ping;Plews-Ogan, Margaret;Horowitz, Karen R.;Schwartz, Mark D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929494382,10.1371/journal.pone.0123740,The effect of time pressure on risky financial decisions from description and decisions from experience,"Time pressure has been found to impact decision making in various ways, but studies on the effects time pressure in risky financial gambles have been largely limited to description-based decision tasks and to the gain domain. We present two experiments that investigated the effect of time pressure on decisions from description and decisions from experience, across both gain and loss domains. In description-based choice, time pressure decreased risk seeking for losses, whereas for gains there was a trend in the opposite direction. In experience-based choice, no impact of time pressure was observed on risk-taking, suggesting that time constraints may not alter attitudes towards risk when outcomes are learned through experience.",,PLoS ONE,2015-04-17,Article,"Wegier, Pete;Spaniol, Julia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928320311,10.1016/S0164-1212(01)00066-8,Speed/Accuracy Tradeoff in Force Perception,"Software organizations every day meet new challenges in the workflow of different projects. Scheduling the software projects is important and challenging for software project managers. Efficient Project plans reduce the cost of software construction. Efficient resource allocation will obtain the desired result. Task scheduling and human resource allocation were done in many software modeling. Even though we are having large number of scheduling and staffing techniques like Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), PSO-GA, there is a need to address uncertainties in requirements, process execution and in resources. But many of the resource plans was affected by the unexpected joining and leaving event of human resources which may call uncertainty. We develop a prototype tool to support managing uncertainties using simulation and simple models for management decisions about resource reallocation. We also used some real-world data in evaluating our approach. This paper presents, a solution to the problem of uncertain events occurred in the software project planning and resource allocation. This paper presents a solution to the uncertainties in human resource allocation.",Ant colony algorithm (ACA) | Genetic algorithm (GA) | Resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) | Software project scheduling problem (SPSP),ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,2015-01-01,Article,"Yarramsetti, Sarojini;Kousalya, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949929158,10.1109/CA.2014.12,Associations between parents' subjective time pressure and mental health problems among children in the Nordic countries: A population based study,This paper deals with the scheduling problem of software project management (SPM) and present an approach. It addresses this problem by means of the development of an ant colony optimization-based algorithm. This new approach is for resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) in PERT networks and Gantt Chart. The goal is to minimize cost and duration. The results show that this approach can be used to solve the Software Project Scheduling Problem.,,"Proceedings - 7th International Conference on Control and Automation, CA 2014",2014-01-28,Conference Paper,"Han, Wanjiang;Zhang, Xiaoyan;Jiang, Heyang;Li, Weijian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449579493,10.1109/NISS.2009.114,Legislative Update: Deadline Pressure at the General Assembly,"There is profound confusion at the final stages of software development as to which defect discovered belongs to which phase of software development life cycle. Techniques like root cause analysis and orthogonal defect classification are commonly used practices that can be applied jointly with the software process to determine each defect attribute in terms of its type, trigger, source etc. However, there is a need to find a mechanism to determine the origin of those defects with respect to the verification technique applied to it in order to determine its efficiency in terms of its defects found and execution time. Defect containment matrix has been widely used to determine the efficiency of defect detection and removal processes at early life cycle phases. Nevertheless, having one vague value in terms of percentage of defects found for each phase proved to be inaccurate way due to the variations of defects severities and impact to the software schedule, effort and quality. This paper proposes a model that classifies each phase artifact to different work product according to its severity level © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science, NISS 2009",2009-11-20,Conference Paper,"Alshathry, Omar;Janicke, Helge;Zedan, Hussein;Alhussein, Abdullah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921343790,10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.01.001,Influence of computer work under time pressure on cardiac activity,"Computer users are often under stress when required to complete computer work within a required time. Work stress has repeatedly been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The present study examined the effects of time pressure workload during computer tasks on cardiac activity in 20 healthy subjects. Heart rate, time domain and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and Poincaré plot parameters were compared among five computer tasks and two rest periods. Faster heart rate and decreased standard deviation of R- R interval were noted in response to computer tasks under time pressure. The Poincaré plot parameters showed significant differences between different levels of time pressure workload during computer tasks, and between computer tasks and the rest periods. In contrast, no significant differences were identified for the frequency domain indices of HRV. The results suggest that the quantitative Poincaré plot analysis used in this study was able to reveal the intrinsic nonlinear nature of the autonomically regulated cardiac rhythm. Specifically, heightened vagal tone occurred during the relaxation computer tasks without time pressure. In contrast, the stressful computer tasks with added time pressure stimulated cardiac sympathetic activity.",Cardiac activity | Computer-mouse work | Electrocardiogram (ECG) | Heart rate variability (HRV) | Poincaré plot | Spectral analysis | Stress,Computers in Biology and Medicine,2015-03-01,Article,"Shi, Ping;Hu, Sijung;Yu, Hongliu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954222912,10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01955,The approximate number system acuity redefined: A diffusion model approach,"While all humans are capable of non-verbally representing numerical quantity using so-called the approximate number system (ANS), there exist considerable individual differences in its acuity. For example, in a non-symbolic number comparison task, some people find it easy to discriminate brief presentations of 14 dots from 16 dots while others do not. Quantifying individual ANS acuity from such a task has become an essential practice in the field, as individual differences in such a primitive number sense is thought to provide insights into individual differences in learned symbolic math abilities. However, the dominant method of characterizing ANS acuity-computing the Weber fraction (w)-only utilizes the accuracy data while ignoring response times (RT). Here, we offer a novel approach of quantifying ANS acuity by using the diffusion model, which accounts both accuracy and RT distributions. Specifically, the drift rate in the diffusion model, which indexes the quality of the stimulus information, is used to capture the precision of the internal quantity representation. Analysis of behavioral data shows that w is contaminated by speed-accuracy tradeoff, making it problematic as a measure of ANS acuity, while drift rate provides a measure more independent from speed-accuracy criterion settings. Furthermore, drift rate is a better predictor of symbolic math ability than w, suggesting a practical utility of the measure. These findings demonstrate critical limitations of the use of w and suggest clear advantages of using drift rate as a measure of primitive numerical competence.",Approximate number system | Diffusion model | Math ability | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Weber fraction,Frontiers in Psychology,2015-01-01,Article,"Park, Joonkoo;Starns, Jeffrey J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941123848,10.1177/0018720814565189,Reducing the Disruptive Effects of Interruptions with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation,"Objective: The authors determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce resumption time when an ongoing task is interrupted. Background: Interruptions are common and disruptive. Working memory capacity has been shown to predict resumption lag (i.e., time to successfully resume a task after interruption). Given that tDCS applied to brain areas associated with working memory can enhance performance, tDCS has the potential to improve resumption lag when a task is interrupted. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups that received anodal (active) stimulation of 2 mA tDCS to one of two target brain regions, left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), or to one of two control areas, active stimulation of the left primary motor cortex or sham stimulation of the right DLPFC, while completing a financial management task that was intermittently interrupted with math problem solving. Results: Anodal stimulation to the right and left DLPFC significantly reduced resumption lags compared to the control conditions (sham and left motor cortex stimulation). Additionally, there was no speed-accuracy tradeoff (i.e., the improvement in resumption time was not accompanied by an increased error rate). Conclusion: Noninvasive brain stimulation can significantly decrease resumption lag (improve performance) after a task is interrupted. Application: Noninvasive brain stimulation offers an easy-to-apply tool that can significantly improve interrupted task performance.",resumption lag | speed-accuracy tradeoff | tDCS | working memory,Human Factors,2015-09-08,Article,"Blumberg, Eric J.;Foroughi, Cyrus K.;Scheldrup, Melissa R.;Peterson, Matthew S.;Boehm-Davis, Debbie A.;Parasuraman, Raja",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74349086313,10.1108/17465660910943748,Speed versus accuracy in visual search: Optimal performance and neural architecture,"Purpose - The purpose of this research paper is to discuss a software reliability growth model (SRGM) based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process which incorporates the Burr type X testing-effort function (TEF), and to determine the optimal release-time based on cost-reliability criteria. Design/methodology/approach - It is shown that the Burr type X TEF can be expressed as a software development/testing-effort consumption curve. Weighted least squares estimation method is proposed to estimate the TEF parameters. The SRGM parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. The standard errors and confidence intervals of SRGM parameters are also obtained. Furthermore, the optimal release-time determination based on cost-reliability criteria has been discussed within the framework. Findings - The performance of the proposed SRGM is demonstrated by using actual data sets from three software projects. Results are compared with other traditional SRGMs to show that the proposed model has a fairly better prediction capability and that the Burr type X TEF is suitable for incorporating into software reliability modelling. Results also reveal that the SRGM with Burr type X TEF can estimate the number of initial faults better than that of other traditional SRGMs. Research limitations/implicationsThe paper presents the estimation method with equal weight. Future research may include extending the present study to unequal weight. Practical implicationsThe new SRGM may be useful in detecting more faults that are difficult to find during regular testing, and in assisting software engineers to improve their software development process. Originality/value - The incorporated TEF is flexible and can be used to describe the actual expenditure patterns more faithfully during software development.",Computer software | Modelling | Program testing,Journal of Modelling in Management,2009-01-01,Article,"Ahmad, N.;Khan, M. G.M.;Quadri, S. M.K.;Kumar, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947212364,10.1007/978-3-319-21067-4_7,The impact of time pressure on spatial ability in virtual reality,The aim of this study is to explore the influence of time pressure on the spatial distance perceived by participants in the virtual reality. The results show that there is no significant difference while participants estimates the distance whether with or without time pressure. But while participants esti- mating short distance and long distance in the virtual environments there is significant difference. And under horizontal or vertical direction there are also significant differences while participants estimate long distance has more errors than short distance.,Time pressure | Under horizontal | Vertical direction,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Qin, Hua;Liu, Bole;Wang, Dingding",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84918837352,10.1155/2014/491246,The Effects of System Reliability and Task Uncertainty on Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operator Performance under High Time Pressure,"The IT industry tries to employ a number of models to identify the defects in the construction of software projects. In this paper, we present COQUALMO and its limitations and aim to increase the quality without increasing the cost and time. The computation time, cost, and effort to predict the residual defects are very high; this was overcome by developing an appropriate new quality model named the software testing defect corrective model (STDCM). The STDCM was used to estimate the number of remaining residual defects in the software product; a few assumptions and the detailed steps of the STDCM are highlighted. The application of the STDCM is explored in software projects. The implementation of the model is validated using statistical inference, which shows there is a significant improvement in the quality of the software projects.",,Scientific World Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Karnavel, K.;Dillibabu, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85006883424,10.1007/s12046-016-0577-5,The effect of emotion and time pressure on risk decision-making,"Software effort estimation is the process of calculating the effort required to develop a software product based on the input parameters that are usually partial in nature. It is an important task but the most difficult and complicated step in the software product development. Estimation requires detailed information about project scope, process requirements and resources available. Inaccurate estimation leads to financial loss and delay in the projects. Due to the intangible nature of software, most of the software estimation process is unreliable. But there is a strong relationship between effort estimation and project management activities. Various methodologies have been employed to improve the procedure of software estimation. This paper reviews journal articles on software development to get the direction in the future estimation research. Several methods for software effort estimation are discussed in this paper, including the data sets widely used and metrics used for evaluation. The use of evolutionary computational tools in the estimation is dealt with in detail. A new model for estimation using differential evolution algorithm called DEAPS is proposed and its advantages are discussed.",algorithmic and non-algorithmic models | differential evolution | evolutionary computation | Software effort estimation methods,Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences,2017-01-01,Article,"Thamarai, I.;Murugavalli, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929515622,10.1080/00140139.2014.997301,Human factors assessment of conflict resolution aid reliability and time pressure in future air traffic control,"Though it has been reported that air traffic controllers' (ATCos') performance improves with the aid of a conflict resolution aid (CRA), the effects of imperfect automation on CRA are so far unknown. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of imperfect automation on conflict resolution. Twelve students with ATC knowledge were instructed to complete ATC tasks in four CRA conditions including reliable, unreliable and high time pressure, unreliable and low time pressure, and manual conditions. Participants were able to resolve the designated conflicts more accurately and faster in the reliable versus unreliable CRA conditions. When comparing the unreliable CRA and manual conditions, unreliable CRA led to better conflict resolution performance and higher situation awareness. Surprisingly, high time pressure triggered better conflict resolution performance as compared to the low time pressure condition. The findings from the present study highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations. Practitioner Summary: Conflict resolution aid (CRA) is a proposed automation decision aid in air traffic control (ATC). It was found in the present study that CRA was able to promote air traffic controllers' performance even when it was not perfectly reliable. These findings highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations.",air traffic control | automation reliability | conflict resolution aid | human factors assessment | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-06-03,Article,"Trapsilawati, Fitri;Qu, Xingda;Wickens, Chris D.;Chen, Chun Hsien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,,The assessment of time pressure effect in probabilistic reasoning: Evaluating performance in verbal-numerical and graphical-pictorial formats,"Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85026531580,10.1109/MSR.2017.47,"The effect of time pressure, working position, component bin position and gender on human error in manual assembly line","Emotional arousal increases activation and performance but may also lead to burnout in software development. We present the first version of a Software Engineering Arousal lexicon (SEA) that is specifically designed to address the problem of emotional arousal in the software developer ecosystem. SEA is built using a bootstrapping approach that combines word embedding model trained on issue-Tracking data and manual scoring of items in the lexicon. We show that our lexicon is able to differentiate between issue priorities, which are a source of emotional activation and then act as a proxy for arousal. The best performance is obtained by combining SEA (428 words) with a previously created general purpose lexicon by Warriner et al. (13,915 words) and it achieves Cohen's d effect sizes up to 0.5.",Emotional Arousal | Empirical Software Engineering | Issue Report | Lexicon | Sentiment Analysis,IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories,2017-06-29,Conference Paper,"Mantyla, Mika V.;Novielli, Nicole;Lanubile, Filippo;Claes, Maelick;Kuutila, Miikka",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938813686,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0017-15.2015,"Payoff information biases a fast guess process in perceptual decision making under deadline pressure: Evidence from behavior, evoked potentials, and quantitative model comparison","We used electroencephalography (EEG) and behavior to examine the role of payoff bias in a difficult two-alternative perceptual decision under deadline pressure in humans. The findings suggest that a fast guess process, biased by payoff and triggered by stimulus onset, occurred on a subset of trials and raced with an evidence accumulation process informed by stimulus information. On each trial, the participant judged whether a rectangle was shifted to the right or left and responded by squeezing a right- or left-hand dynamometer. The payoff for each alternative (which could be biased or unbiased) was signaled 1.5 s before stimulus onset. The choice response was assigned to the first hand reaching a squeeze force criterion and reaction time was defined as time to criterion. Consistent with a fast guess account, fast responses were strongly biased toward the higher-paying alternative and the EEG exhibited an abrupt rise in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) on a subset of biased payoff trials contralateral to the higher-paying alternative ~150 ms after stimulus onset and 50 ms before stimulus information influenced the LRP. This rise was associated with poststimulus dynamometer activity favoring the higherpaying alternative and predicted choice and response time. Quantitative modeling supported the fast guess account over accounts of payoff effects supported in other studies. Our findings, taken with previous studies, support the idea that payoff and prior probability manipulations produce flexible adaptations to task structure and do not reflect a fixed policy for the integration of payoff and stimulus information.",Bias | Decision making | Fast guess | Lateralization of readiness potential (LRP) | Payoff | Reward,Journal of Neuroscience,2015-08-05,Article,"Noorbaloochi, Sharareh;Sharon, Dahlia;McClelland, James L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85025803552,10.1109/SEmotion.2017.11,"Time pressure, working time control and long-term sickness absence","During the past few years, psychological diseases related to unhealthy work environments, such as burnouts, have drawn more and more public attention. One of the known causes of these affective problems is time pressure. In order to form a theoretical background for time pressure detection in software repositories, this paper combines interdisciplinary knowledge by analyzing 1270 papers found on Scopus database and containing terms related to time pressure. By clustering those papers based on their abstract, we show that time pressure has been widely studied across different fields, but relatively little in software engineering. From a literature review of the most relevant papers, we infer a list of testable hypotheses that we want to verify in future studies in order to assess the impact of time pressures on software developers' mental health.",deadline pressure | Job demands-resources model | Software engineering | speed-accuracy tradeoff | time pressure | topic analysis,"Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering, SEmotion 2017",2017-06-28,Conference Paper,"Kuutila, Miikka;Mantyla, Mika V.;Claes, Maelick;Elovainio, Marko",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981717714,10.1177/1541931215591120,"Nurses' ability to detect problems of hospital-acquired infections: The effects of risk factors, expertise, and time pressure","Nurses must manage a variety of problems in order to maintain performance. The first step in managing these problems is detecting that there is in fact a problem. The current study aimed to investigate how nurses detect the problem of a patient developing a hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Specifically, the experiment examined the effects of varying the number of risk factors, nurse experience, and the presence or absence of time pressure. General findings and implications are discussed.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Gregg, Sarah;Durso, Francis T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83355169179,10.1007/978-3-642-22786-8_35,Gender differences in time pressure and health among journalists,"Customers have shifted their focus to offshoring vendors ability to provide high quality software, in addition to the cost advantages. However, delivering projects within the budgets ensures profitability and growth of vendors. The present research highlights how meeting budget requirements is related to the impact of key determinants on software quality in offshore development projects executed by vendors. A survey of project managers engaged in off shoring at leading Indian software companies was carried out and the collected data were analysed using structural equations modelling techniques. Out of six determinants, in the case of projects completed within the budget, while process maturity is associated with functionality, reliability, usability and performance of the software and technical infrastructure is associated with reliability, maintainability, usability and performance in the case projects completed within the budget. However in the case of projects that exceeded the budget, it is found while requirements uncertainty is associated with maintainability, technical infrastructure is associated with maintainability and performance of the software. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.",Budget | Determinants of quality | IS offshoring | Quality attributes | Software process maturity,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2011-12-16,Conference Paper,"Sankaran, K.;Dalal, Nik;Kannabiran, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870057659,10.1111/j.1467-9450.2012.00973.x,"Creative under pressure: The role of time pressure, creative requirements and creative orientation in creative behavior [Creatief onder druk: De rol van tijdsdruk, creativiteitseisen en creativiteitsoriëntatie bij creatief gedrag]","Few studies have investigated individual differences in time predictions. We report two experiments that show an interaction between the personality trait Desirability of Control and reward conditions on predictions of performance time. When motivated to perform a task quickly, participants with a strong desire for control produced more optimistic predictions than those with a weaker desire for control. This effect could also be observed for a completely uncontrollable task. The results are discussed in relation to the finding that power produces more optimistic predictions, and extend this work by ruling out some previously suggested explanations. © 2012 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.",Desirability of control | Performance incentives | Time estimates | Time prediction,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2012-12-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Rognaldsen, Maren;Teigen, Karl Halvor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946909283,10.1166/asl.2015.6155,"Time pressure, employee well-being, perceived organizational support and turnover intention of information technology executives in Malaysia: A proposed conceptual framework","Globalization stimulates the role of information technology (IT) among emerging market and creates new challenges for organizations to be competitive to survive in the market. These challenges alter and threaten the capability of employees in their working environment. Time pressure is regarded as one of key factors which negatively contribute to the employee turnover among IT Executives in Software Companies. This study in response to this issue aims to examine the impact of time pressure on well-being and turnover intention with the moderating role of perceived organizational support. This study is based on a conceptual framework and the data will be collected to observe the relationship between time pressure, employee well-being, perceived organizational support and turnover intention with the help of structural equation modeling. To the best knowledge of researcher, none of the study has found out the time pressure with the mediating variable of employee well-being and moderating variable of perceived organizational support.",Perceived organizational support | Time pressure | Turnover intention | Well-being,Advanced Science Letters,2015-01-01,Article,"Langove, Naseebullah;Isha, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam;Javaid, Muhammad Umair",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85034850103,10.1080/08874417.2016.1183428,A preliminary model of time-pressure dispensing system for bioprinting based on printing and material parameters: This paper reports a method to predict and control the width of hydrogel filament for bioprinting applications,"Software estimation research has primarily focused on software effort involved in direct software development. As more and more organizations buy instead of building software, more effort is spent on software testing and project management. In this empirical study, the effect of program duration, computer platform, and software development tool (SDT) on program testing effort and project management effort is studied. The study results point to program duration and software tool as significant determinants of testing and management effort. Computer platform, however, does not have an effect on testing and management effort. Furthermore, the mean testing effort for third generation (3G) development environment was significantly higher than the mean testing effort for fourth generation (4G) environments that used IDE. In addition, the management effort for 4G environment projects without the use of IDE was lower than nonprogramming report generation projects.",Effort | Platform | Project management | Software estimation | Testing,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2017-01-01,Article,"Subramanian, Girish H.;Pendharkar, Parag C.;Pai, Dinesh R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975458052,10.1109/HICSS.2016.668,An experimental examination of the effect of client size and auditors’ industry specialization on time pressure in Australia,"In recent years, the metaphor of technical debt has received considerable attention, especially from the agile community. Still, despite the fact that agile practices are increasingly used in critical domains, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the occurrence of technical debt in critical software development projects. The results of an exploratory field study conducted across several projects reveal that a variety of business and environmental factors cause the occurrence of technical debt in critical domains. Using Grounded Theory method, these factors are categorized as ambiguity of requirement, diversity of projects, inadequate knowledge management, and resource constraints to form a theoretical model. Following previous studies we suggest that integrating agile practices, such as iterative development, review meetings, and continuous testing, into common plan-driven processes enables development teams to better identify and manage technical debt.",Agile methods | Grounded theory | Software development | Technical debt,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2016-03-07,Conference Paper,"Ghanbari, Hadi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940195502,10.1093/jpepsy/jsv019,Using a Virtual Environment to Study Pedestrian Behaviors: How Does Time Pressure Affect Children's and Adults' Street Crossing Behaviors?,"Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how crossing under time pressure influences the pedestrian behaviors of children and adults. Methods: Using a highly immersive virtual reality system interfaced with a 3D movement measurement system, various indices of children's and adults' crossing behaviors were measured under time-pressure and no time-pressure conditions. Results: Pedestrians engaged in riskier crossing behaviors on time-pressure trials as indicated by appraising traffic for a shorter period before initiating their crossing, selecting shorter more hazardous temporal gaps to cross into, and having the car come closer to them (less time to spare). There were no age or sex differences in how time pressure affected crossing behaviors. Conclusions: The current findings indicate that, at all ages, pedestrians experience greater exposure to traffic dangers when they cross under time pressure.",children | injury risk | pedestrians | time pressure,Journal of Pediatric Psychology,2015-08-01,Article,"Morrongiello, Barbara A.;Corbett, Michael;Switzer, Jessica;Hall, Tom",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995752828,10.1027/1866-5888/a000119,Time pressure promotes work engagement: Test of illegitimate tasks as boundary condition,"According to Barbara Adam, ""time is such an obvious factor in social science that it is almost invisible"". Indeed, Information Systems (IS) researchers have relied upon taken-for-granted assumptions about the nature of time and have built theories that are frequently silent about the temporal nature of our being in the world. This paper addresses two key questions about time in IS research: (i) what formulations of time are available to us in our research and (ii) how can these formulations be used in a coherent way in our research? In addressing the first question, two meta-formulations of time are examined. The first relates time to the sense of passing time expressed in successive readings of the clock. The second relates time to the experience of purposive, intentional, goal-directed behaviour. Our proposal is that IS researchers should be encouraged to identify the formulations of time that underpin their research. Our goal is to provide a framework to allow IS researchers to evaluate the fit between the goals of research and the temporal assumptions being used to underpin it and ultimately to investigate the extent to theories that are based on different assumptions about time can be combined or integrated.",Information systems | Materiality | Temporality | Theorising,"24th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"O'Riordan, Niamh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928392897,10.1007/s13369-015-1597-x,Rapid makes risky: Time pressure increases risk seeking in decisions from experience,"The complexity of software projects is growing with the increasing complexity of software systems. The pressure to fit schedules within shorter periods of time leads to initial project schedules with a complex logic. These schedules are often highly susceptible to any subsequent delays in project activities. Thus, techniques need to be developed to determine the quality of a software project schedule. Most of the existing measures of schedule quality define the goodness of a schedule in terms of its network complexity. However, these measures fail to estimate the flexibility of a schedule, that is, the extent to which a schedule can withstand delays without requiring extensive changes. The relatively few schedule flexibility measures that exist in literature suffer from several drawbacks such as lack of a theoretical foundation, not having a definite scale and not being able to distinguish between schedules with similar network topologies. In this paper, we address these issues by defining two flexibility measures for software project schedules, namely path shift and value shift, which, respectively, predict the impact of changes in activity durations on the critical paths and the critical value of a schedule. Inspired by the notion of betweenness centrality, these measures are theoretically sound, have a well-defined scale, and require little computational effort. Furthermore, by several examples and two real-life software project case studies, we demonstrate that these measures outperform the existing flexibility measures in clearly discriminating between the flexibility of software project schedules having very similar topologies.",Betweenness centrality | Schedule flexibility | Social network analysis | Software project | Software project schedule,Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2015-05-01,Article,"Khan, Muhammad Ali;Mahmood, Sajjad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929504480,10.1080/00140139.2015.1005163,How does information congruence influence diagnosis performance?,"Diagnosis performance is critical for the safety of high-consequence industrial systems. It depends highly on the information provided, perceived, interpreted and integrated by operators. This article examines the influence of information congruence (congruent information vs. conflicting information vs. missing information) and its interaction with time pressure (high vs. low) on diagnosis performance on a simulated platform. The experimental results reveal that the participants confronted with conflicting information spent significantly more time generating correct hypotheses and rated the results with lower probability values than when confronted with the other two levels of information congruence and were more prone to arrive at a wrong diagnosis result than when they were provided with congruent information. This finding stresses the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems. Time pressure significantly influenced display switching frequency and completion time. This result indicates the decisive role of time pressure. Practitioner Summary: This article examines the influence of information congruence and its interaction with time pressure on human diagnosis performance on a simulated platform. For complex systems in the process control industry, the results stress the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems.",complex systems | diagnosis performance | information congruence | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-06-03,Article,"Chen, Kejin;Li, Zhizhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928731902,10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2014.0087,Principle of plane display interface design based on visual search,"Pilots monitor all kinds of instrument information by visual searching during flight. This process was studied to explore the effects of time pressure and search difficulty on visual searching, aiming to provide scientific basis for the ergonomic design of display interface of aircraft cockpit. A visual searching program was designed to simulate the display interface. Before conducting formal experiment, the classified ranges of time pressure and searching difficulty were evaluated by pre-experiment. Using SPSS 19.0, analyses such as double factor variance analysis, simple main effect, and regression analysis were conducted on the response correct rate and response time obtained by the formal experiment. The following conclusions were obtained, different levels of time pressure and search difficulty all have significant effect on the response accurate rate; search difficulty has obvious effect on the response time which has a linearly increasing relationship with distractor number; under high correct rate situation, that is within the human cognitive abilities, time pressure haven't such effect on the response time. In ergonomical study of display interface in plane cockpit, good match of time pressure and searching difficulty could obtain better searching performance.",Ergonomics | Interface | Search difficulty | Time pressure | Visual search,Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015-02-01,Article,"Fan, Xiaoli;Zhou, Qianxiang;Liu, Zhongqi;Xie, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872011953,10.1109/TSE.2012.17,What drives click-through rates of tourism product advertisements on group buying websites?,"Research into developing effective computer aided techniques for planning software projects is important and challenging for software engineering. Different from projects in other fields, software projects are people-intensive activities and their related resources are mainly human resources. Thus, an adequate model for software project planning has to deal with not only the problem of project task scheduling but also the problem of human resource allocation. But as both of these two problems are difficult, existing models either suffer from a very large search space or have to restrict the flexibility of human resource allocation to simplify the model. To develop a flexible and effective model for software project planning, this paper develops a novel approach with an event-based scheduler (EBS) and an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The proposed approach represents a plan by a task list and a planned employee allocation matrix. In this way, both the issues of task scheduling and employee allocation can be taken into account. In the EBS, the beginning time of the project, the time when resources are released from finished tasks, and the time when employees join or leave the project are regarded as events. The basic idea of the EBS is to adjust the allocation of employees at events and keep the allocation unchanged at nonevents. With this strategy, the proposed method enables the modeling of resource conflict and task preemption and preserves the flexibility in human resource allocation. To solve the planning problem, an ACO algorithm is further designed. Experimental results on 83 instances demonstrate that the proposed method is very promising. © 2013 IEEE.",Ant colony optimization (ACO) | Project scheduling | Resource allocation | Software project planning | Workload assignment,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2013-01-11,Article,"Chen, Wei Neng;Zhang, Jun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922763211,10.1080/00140139.2014.973914,The effects of display size on performance,"We examined the systematic effects of display size on task performance as derived from a standard perceptual and cognitive test battery. Specifically, three experiments examined the influence of varying viewing conditions on response speed, response accuracy and subjective workload at four differing screen sizes under three different levels of time pressure. Results indicated a ubiquitous effect for time pressure on all facets of response while display size effects were contingent upon the nature of the viewing condition. Thus, performance decrement and workload elevation were evident only with the smallest display size under the two most restrictive levels of time pressure. This outcome generates a lower boundary threshold for display screen size for this order of task demand. Extrapolations to the design and implementation of all display sizes and forms of cognitive and psychomotor demand are considered.",accuracy | display size | response capacity | speed | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-03-04,Article,"Hancock, P. A.;Sawyer, B. D.;Stafford, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951096288,10.1007/978-3-319-24917-9_9,Applying Psychology Research to Shopper Mindsets with Implications for Future Symbiotic Search systems,"Optimising communications to take account of user states is a nascent, huge and growing business opportunity for the retail and advertising worlds. Understanding people’s behaviours, thoughts and emotions to different messages in different contexts at different times, can inform the strategic planning and design of systems promoting positive customer experiences and increasing retail sales. Using theory combined with applied insights from our projects, this paper highlights a number of factors (mindset, attention, focus, time pressure and salience) that drive ‘search’ behaviour in a dynamic retail based environment. The work has implications for developing symbiotic systems.",Adaptive | Advertising | Affective systems | Attention | Closed | Customer | Focus | Human-computer | Interaction | Marketing | Mindset | Open | Perceptual prominence | Responsive | Retail | Salience | Shopper | Symbiosis | Symbiotic | Technology-mediated | Time pressure,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lessiter, Jane;Ferrari, Eva;Coppi, Alessia Eletta;Freeman, Jonathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84924853532,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.02.001,Exploring the determinants of knowledge adoption in virtual communities: A social influence perspective,"Abstract This study aims to explore the determinants of online knowledge adoption with respect to informational and normative social influences. Existing studies on online knowledge adoption have primarily focused on the perspective of knowledge provider. Knowledge recipients, however, also play a fundamental role in knowledge adoption. Informational and normative social influence theory is utilized as the theoretical foundation to investigate the influences of informational and normative factors on online knowledge adoption. Based on the theories and previous literature, this study proposes a theoretical model of knowledge adoption, in which knowledge quality and source credibility serve as informational determinants, whereas knowledge consensus and knowledge rating serve as normative determinants. In addition, time pressure is hypothesized to be a moderator that impacts the dual evaluation process toward knowledge adoption. Data collected from 510 respondents was tested against the research model using the partial least squares approach. The findings demonstrate that both informational and normative determinants had positive effects on knowledge adoption, while the moderating test indicates that time pressure exerted influences with different directions on the two evaluation processes of adopting behavior. Theoretical and practical contributions are also outlined.",Informational and normative influence | Knowledge adoption | Time pressure | Virtual community,International Journal of Information Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Chou, Chien Hsiang;Wang, Yi Shun;Tang, Tzung I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051778081,10.2307/23044054,Deteriorating patients and time pressures,"Although information systems researchers have long recognized the possibility for collective-level information technology use patterns and outcomes to emerge from individual-level IT use behaviors, few have explored the key properties and mechanisms involved in this bottom-up IT use process. This paper seeks to build a theoretical framework drawing on the concepts and the analytical tool of complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory. The paper presents a CAS model of IT use that encodes a bottom-up IT use process into three interrelated elements: agents that consist of the basic entities of actions in an IT use process, interactions that refer to the mutually adaptive behaviors of agents, and an environment that represents the social organizational contexts of IT use. Agent-based modeling is introduced as the analytical tool for computationally representing and examining the CAS model of IT use. The operationability of the CAS model and the analytical tool are demonstrated through a theory-building exercise translating an interpretive case study of IT use to a specific version of the CAS model. While Orlikowski (1996) raised questions regarding the impacts of employee learning, IT flexibility, and workplace rigidity on IT-based organization transformation, the CAS model indicates that these factors in individual-level actions do not have a direct causal linkage with organizational-level IT use patterns and outcomes. This theory-building exercise manifests the intriguing nature of the bottom-up IT use process: collective-level IT use patterns and outcomes are the logical and yet often unintended or unforeseeable consequences of individual-level behaviors. The CAS model of IT use offers opportunities for expanding the theoretical and methodological scope of the IT use literature.",Agent-based modeling | Bottom-up IT use | Collective-level IT use | Complex adaptive systems | Individual-level IT use,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2011-01-01,Review,"Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053000562,10.1093/jopart/muq045,Probability Elicitation Under Severe Time Pressure: A Rank-Based Method,"Facilitators that use a collaborative governance approach are regularly pushed, mandated, or naturally desire to achieve broad inclusion of stakeholders in collaborations. How to achieve such inclusion is an important but often overlooked aspect of implementation. To fully realize the value of collaborative governance, we investigate how institutional design choices made about inclusion practices during the critical early stages of collaboration affect stakeholders' expectations of each other's contribution to a civic program and subsequently influences collaboration process outcomes. Informed by field observations from uniquely successful community health programs, we identify two institutional design choices related to inclusion that are associated with favorable group outcomes. The first design process uses time instrumentally to build trust and commitment in the collaboration, whereas the second design process includes new participants thoughtfully to limit their risk exposure. Based on experimental economics, strategic behaviors of stakeholders are formalized as a minimum effort coordination game in a multiagent model. A series of simulated experiments are conducted to gain fine-grained understanding of how the two design processes uniquely engender and reinforce commitment among stakeholders, minimize uncertainty, and increase the likelihood of positive process outcomes. For practitioners, the findings suggest how to navigate collaboration tensions during the early stages of their development while still respecting the competing need for stakeholder inclusiveness. The theoretical framework and the multiagent method of this study embrace the complexity of collaborative processes and trace how each intervention uniquely contributes to increases in trust and commitment. © The Author 2010.",,Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2011-10-01,Article,"Johnston, Erik W.;Hicks, Darrin;Nan, Ning;Auer, Jennifer C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21644438112,10.1007/s00426-014-0542-z,Time pressure affects the efficiency of perceptual processing in decisions under conflict,"Modern workplaces often bring together virtual teams where some members are collocated, and some participate remotely. We are using a simulation game to study collaborations of 10-person groups, with five collocated members and five isolates (simulated 'telecommuters'). Individual players in this game buy and sell 'shapes' from each other in order to form strings of shapes, where strings represent joint projects, and each individual players' shapes represent their unique skills. We found that the collocated people formed an in-group, excluding the isolates. But, surprisingly, the isolates also formed an in-group, mainly because the collocated people ignored them and they responded to each other. Copyright 2004 ACM.",Collocation | Computer-mediated communication | Distant collaboration | Distributed group work | Telecommuting | Telework | Virtual teams,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Shami, N. Sadat;Olson, Judith S.;Cheshin, Arik;Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745862757,10.5465/amj.2012.0468,Folding under pressure or rising to the occasion? Perceived time pressure and the moderating role of team temporal leadership,"Under what circumstances might a group member be better off as a long-distance participant rather than collocated? We ran a set of experiments to study how partially-distributed groups collaborate when skill sets are unequally distributed. Partially distributed groups are those where some collaborators work together in the same space (collocated) and some work remotely using computer-mediated communications. Previous experiments had shown that these groups tend to form semi-autonomous 'in-groups'. In this set of experiments the configuration was changed so that some player skills were located only in the collocated space, and some were located only remotely, creating local surplus of some skills and local scarcity of others in the collocated room. Players whose skills were locally in surplus performed significantly worse. They experienced 'collocation blindness' and failed to pay enough attention to collaborators outside of the room. In contrast, the remote players whose skills were scarce inside the collocated room did particularly well because they charged a high price for their skills. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Co-location | Collaboration networks | Collocation | Computer-mediated communication | Distributed work | Telecommuting | Telework | Virtual teams,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2006-07-17,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Olson, Judith S.;Nan, Ning;Shami, N. Sadat;Hoch, Susannah;Johnston, Erik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44049108931,10.1108/13673270810875895,Auction Fever! How Time Pressure and Social Competition Affect Bidders' Arousal and Bids in Retail Auctions,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore effective incentive design that can address the information asymmetry in knowledge sharing processes and variability of the intangible nature of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach - A principal-agent model is first developed to formulate the asymmetry of information in knowledge sharing. Then, a set of optimal incentive solutions are derived from the principal-agent model for knowledge types with specific levels of intangibility. Findings - For knowledge with low level of intangibility (e.g. data), a target payment scheme is optimal. For knowledge with medium level of intangibility (e.g. expressible tacit knowledge), the optimal incentive solution is a function of management's ability to infer employees' effort from knowledge sharing results. For knowledge with high level of intangibility (e.g. inexpressible tacit knowledge), there is no payment scheme that can be derived from the principal-agent model to encourage employees to share knowledge. Research limitations/implications - The principal-agent model developed by this study complements the previous game theoretic models and market mechanisms in incentive design. The applicability of the findings can be improved by further empirical analysis. Practical implications - There is no one-size-fits-all incentive solution. The better the management can infer the effort level of employees from the reusability of the shared knowledge, the more effective the incentive schemes are. Knowledge management technologies can facilitate the application of the incentive design. Originality/value - This paper explicitly addresses the problem of information asymmetry in incentive design. It aligns a schedule of incentive schemes with the classification of knowledge based on intangibility. The schedule of incentive schemes leads to better understanding of the value of technologies in supporting knowledge sharing activities.",Design | Incentives (psychology) | Knowledge sharing,Journal of Knowledge Management,2008-05-27,Article,"Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846085510,10.1145/1056808.1056999,Clinical trial decisions in difficult circumstances: Parental consent under time pressure,"In studies of virtual teams, it is difficult to determine pure effects of geographic isolation and uneven communication technology. We developed a multi-agent computer model in NetLogo to complement laboratory-based organizational simulations [3]. In the lab, favoritism among collocated team members (collocators) appeared to increase their performance. However, in the computer simulation, when controlled for communication delay, in-group favoritism had a detrimental effect on the performance of collocators. This suggested that the advantage of collocators shown in the lab was due to synchronous communication, not favoritism. The canceling-out effects of in-group bias and communication delay explained why many studies did not see performance difference between collocated and remote team members. The multi-agent modeling in this case proved its value by both clarifying previous laboratory findings and guiding design of future experiments.",Computer supported cooperative work | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multiagent modeling | Virtual team,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.;Bos, Nathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70749110056,10.17705/1jais.00186,Time pressure and attention allocation effect on upper limb motion steadiness,"Significant prior research has shown that facilitation is a critical part of GSS transition. This study examines an under-researched aspect of facilitation-its contributions to self-sustained GSS use among group members. Integrating insights from Adaptive Structuration Theory, experimental economics, and the Collaboration Engineering literature, we formalize interactions of group members in GSS transition as strategic interactions in a minimum-effort coordination game. The contributions of facilitation are interpreted as coordination mechanisms to help group members achieve and maintain an agreement on GSS use by reducing uncertainties in the coordination game. We implement the conjectured coordination mechanisms in a multi-agent simulator. The simulator offers insights into the separate and combined effects of common facilitation practices during the lifecycle of GSS transition. These insights can help the Collaboration Engineering community to identify and package the facilitation routines that are critical for group members to achieve self-sustained GSS use and understand how facilitation routines should be adapted to different stages of GSS transition lifecycle. Moreover, they indicate the value of the multi-agent approach in uncovering new insights and representing the issue of GSS transition with a new view. © 2009, by the Association for Information Systems.",Collaboration Engineering | Coordination game | GSS facilitation | Multi-agent model,Journal of the Association for Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869111043,10.1145/1056808.1057056,Saatchi bill passes in Lords but faces opposition and time pressure in Commons,"This experimental study looks at how relocation affected the collaboration patterns of partially-distributed work groups. Partially distributed teams have part of their membership together in one location and part joining at a distance. These teams have some characteristics of collocated teams, some of distributed (virtual) teams, and some dynamics that are unique. Previous experiments have shown that these teams are vulnerable to in-groups forming between the collocated and distributed members. In this study we switched thelocations of some of the members about halfway through the experiment to see what effect it would have on these ingroups. People who changed from being isolated 'telecommuters' to collocators very quickly formed new collaborative relationships. People who were moved out of a collocated room had more trouble adjusting, and tried unsuccessfully to maintain previous ties. Overall, ollocation was a more powerful determiner of collaboration patterns than previous relationships. Implications and future research are discussed.",Collocation | Computer mediated communication | Partially-distributed work | Travel | Virtual teams,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Olson, Judith;Cheshin, Arik;Kim, Yong Suk;Nan, Ning;Shami, N. Sadat",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947279717,10.1007/978-3-319-20373-7_1,The development of a method to assess the effects of traffic situation and time pressure on driver information preferences,"Contemporary Driving Automation (DA) is quickly approaching a level where partial autonomy will be available, relying on transferring control back to the driver when the operational limits of DA is reached. To explore what type of information drivers might prefer in control transitions an online test was constructed. The participants are faced with a set of still pictures of traffic situations of varying complexity levels and with different time constraints as situations and time available is likely to vary in real world scenarios. The choices drivers made were then assessed with regards to the contextual and temporal information available to participants. The results indicate that information preferences are dependent both on the complexity of the situation presented as well as the temporal constraints. The results also show that the different temporal and contextual conditions had an effect on decision-making time, where participants orient themselves quicker in the low complexity situations or when the available time is restricted. Furthermore, the method seem to identify changes in behaviour caused by varying the traffic situation and external time pressure. If the results can be validated against a more realistic setting, this particular method may prove to be a cost effective, easily disseminated tool which has potential to gather valuable insights about what information drivers prioritize when confronted with different situations.",Adaptation to task demands | Decision making | Driving automation | Online survey,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Eriksson, Alexander;Marcos, Ignacio Solis;Kircher, Katja;Västfjäll, Daniel;Stanton, Neville A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846085510,10.1145/1056808.1056999,"Time pressure and improvisation: enhancing creativity, adaption and innovation at high speed","In studies of virtual teams, it is difficult to determine pure effects of geographic isolation and uneven communication technology. We developed a multi-agent computer model in NetLogo to complement laboratory-based organizational simulations [3]. In the lab, favoritism among collocated team members (collocators) appeared to increase their performance. However, in the computer simulation, when controlled for communication delay, in-group favoritism had a detrimental effect on the performance of collocators. This suggested that the advantage of collocators shown in the lab was due to synchronous communication, not favoritism. The canceling-out effects of in-group bias and communication delay explained why many studies did not see performance difference between collocated and remote team members. The multi-agent modeling in this case proved its value by both clarifying previous laboratory findings and guiding design of future experiments.",Computer supported cooperative work | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multiagent modeling | Virtual team,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.;Bos, Nathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1080/1359432X.2013.858701,Incongruence between workload and occupational norms for time pressure predicts depressive symptoms,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945419207,10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2015.05.010,Experimental study on HMDs interface layout based on icon characteristics,"In order to solve the problem that the unreasonable layout of the HMDs (helmet mounted display system) interface information icon may lead to pilots' misreading information, the interface of HMDs is divided and 67 kinds of layout are summarized when 3, 5, 7 icons' are displayed. Base on three icon characteristics, including solid, 40% pellucidity and hollow, the advantages and disadvantages of each form are analyzed through comparing the searching task accuracy and reaction time performed by subjects. The experimental results show that the position and quantity of icons displaying in the HMDs interface have influence on target searching and memorizing. With the increase of the number of icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy decreases and reaction time increases. Under the same time pressure, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for three different kinds of icons are different. When there are three icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for hollow icons is the highest. However, when there are 7 icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for solid icons is the highest. There is no significant difference of the memorizing accuracy for solid icons and 40% pellucidity icons.",HMDs (helmet mounted display system) | Human computer interaction interface | Interface icon | Interface layout,Dongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition),2015-09-20,Article,"Shao, Jiang;Xue, Chengqi;Wang, Haiyan;Tang, Wencheng;Zhou, Xiaozhou;Chen, Mo;Chen, Xiaojiao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-41349091408,10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4,Social Context and the Dynamics of Cooperative Choice,"In studies about office arrangements that have individuals working from remote locations, researchers usually hypothesize advantages for collocators and disadvantages for remote workers. However, empirical findings have not shown consistent support for the hypothesis. We suspect that there are unintended consequences of collocation, which can offset well-recognized advantages of being collocated. To explain these unintended consequences, we developed a multi-agent model to complement our laboratory-based experiment. In the lab, collocated subjects did not perform better than the remote even though collocators had faster communication channels and in-group favor towards each other. Results from the multi-agent simulation suggested that in-group favoritism among collocators caused them to ignore some important resource exchange opportunities with remote individuals. Meanwhile, communication delay of remote subjects protected them from some falsely biased perception of resource availability. The two unintended consequences could offset the advantage of being collocated and diminish performance differences between collocators and remote workers. Results of this study help researchers and practitioners recognize the hidden costs of being collocated. They also demonstrate the value of coupling lab experiments with multi-agent simulation. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.",Collaboration | Communication delay | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multi-agent simulation,Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory,2008-06-01,Article,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870967634,10.13085/eIJTUR.12.1.133-152,Cruising through the millennium - 2003-13 changes in American daily life,"In this multi-method study, we combine a longitudinal field study and agent-based modeling to examine the social construction process of user beliefs of collaborative technology over time. We argue that the primary methods in the technology acceptance literature-variance-based analysis and interpretive case study-are limited in understanding the reciprocal social influence process inherent to user beliefs of collaborative technology. Drawing on Bijker's (1995) social construction of technology theory and Salancik and Pfeffer's (1978) social information processing theory, research questions regarding the social construction of user beliefs are developed. We describe the longitudinal field study and agent-based modeling employed for answering the research questions. The future steps of this research-in-progress are outlined. We discuss the implications of this study at the end.",Agent-based model | Collaborative technology | Multi-method research | Social construction of technology,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Yoo, Youngjin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939209955,10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.298,Dynamic data driven approach for modeling human error,"Mitigating human errors is a priority in the design of complex systems, especially through the use of body area networks. This paper describes early developments of a dynamic data driven platform to predict operator error and trigger appropriate intervention before the error happens. Using a two-stage process, data was collected using several sensors (e.g., electroencephalography, pupil dilation measures, and skin conductance) during an established protocol - the Stroop test. The experimental design began with a relaxation period, 40 questions (congruent, then incongruent) without a timer, a rest period followed by another two rounds of questions, but under increased time pressure. Measures such as workload and engagement showed responses consistent with what is expected for Stroop tests. Dynamic system analysis methods were then used to analyze the raw data using principal components analysis and the least squares complex exponential method. The results show that the algorithms have the potential to capture mental states in a mathematical fashion, thus enabling the possibility of prediction.",Bio-sensors | Dynamic data-driven application systems (DDDAS) | Error detection | Least squares complex exponential (LSCE),Procedia Computer Science,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hu, Wan Lin;Meyer, Janette J.;Wang, Zhaosen;Reid, Tahira;Adams, Douglas E.;Prabnakar, Sunil;Chaturvedi, Alok R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746131,10.1287/mnsc.46.4.451.12056,Academic life in the fast lane: The experience of time and speed in British academia,"The information technology (IT) industry is characterized by rapid innovation and intense competition. To survive, IT firms must develop high quality software products on time and at low cost. A key issue is whether high levels of quality can be achieved without adversely impacting cycle time and effort. Conventional beliefs hold that processes to improve software quality can be implemented only at the expense of longer cycle times and greater development effort. However, an alternate view is that quality improvement, faster cycle time, and effort reduction can be simultaneously attained by reducing defects and rework. In this study, we empirically investigate the relationship between process maturity, quality, cycle time, and effort for the development of 30 software products by a major IT firm. We find that higher levels of process maturity as assessed by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity ModelTM are associated with higher product quality, but also with increases in development effort. However, our findings indicate that the reductions in cycle time and effort due to improved quality outweigh the increases from achieving higher levels of process maturity. Thus, the net effect of process maturity is reduced cycle time and development effort.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947615318,10.1016/j.engappai.2015.07.010,Structuring and reusing knowledge from historical events for supporting nuclear emergency and remediation management,"Disasters are characterized by severe disruptions in society's functionality and adverse impacts on humans, environment and economy. Decision-making in times of crisis is complex and usually accompanied by acute time pressure. Environment can change rapidly and decisions may have to be made based on uncertain information. IT-based decision support can systematically help to identify response and recovery measures, especially when time for decision-making is sparse, when numerous options exist, or when events are not completely anticipated. This paper proposes a case- and scenario-based approach to supporting the management of nuclear events in the early and later phases. Important information needed for decision-making as well as approaches to reusing experience from previous events are discussed. This work is embedded in a decision support method to be applied to nuclear emergencies. Suitable management options based on similar historical events and scenarios could possibly be identified to support disaster management.",Case-based reasoning | Nuclear emergency management | Scenarios | Uncertainty,Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2015-11-01,Article,"Moehrle, Stella;Raskob, Wolfgang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038445906,10.1287/mnsc.49.6.784.16023,"Design and evaluation: End users, user datasets and personas","This study draws upon theories of task interdependence and organizational inertia to analyze the effect of quality improvement on infrastructure activity costs in software development. Although increasing evidence indicates that quality improvement reduces software development costs, the impact on infrastructure activities is not known. Infrastructure activities include services like computer operations, data integration, and configuration management that support software development. Because infrastructure costs represent a substantial portion of firms' information technology budgets, it is important to identify innovations that yield significant cost savings in infrastructure activities. We evaluate quality and cost data collected in nine infrastructure activity centers over 10 years of product development in a major software firm undergoing a quality transformation. Findings indicate that infrastructure activities do benefit from quality improvement. The greatest marginal cost savings are realized in infrastructure activities that are highly interdependent with development and that occur later in the software development life cycle. Organizational inertia influences the rapidity with which the infrastructure activities benefit from higher product quality, especially for the more specialized activities. Finally, our findings suggest that although the savings in infrastructure from quality improvement are substantial, there are diminishing returns to quality improvement in infrastructure activities.",Capability maturity model | Infrastructure activity costs | Organizational inertia | Software process improvement | Software product development | Software quality,Management Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035627539,10.1287/isre.12.1.63.9717,Supporting fighter pilot decision making through team option awareness,"This research examines how decision makers manage their attentional resources when making a series of interdependent decisions in a real-time environment. Decision strategies for real-time dynamic tasks consist of two main overlapping cognitive activities: monitoring and control. Monitoring refers to decision makers' tracking of key system variables as they work toward arriving at a decision. Control refers to the decision maker's generation, evaluation, and selection of alternative actions. In real-time tasks, these two activities compete for the same attentional resources. The questions that motivate the two studies presented here are: (1) can decision making be improved by increasing individuals' attentional resources, thereby enhancing their ability to monitor the system, and (2) can decision making be improved by providing individuals with feedback and/or feedforward control support? Our findings show that some kinds of cognitive support degrade performance, rather than enhance it. These results indicate that providing support for real-time dynamic decision making may be very difficult, and that designing effective decision aids requires a detailed understanding of the underlying cognitive processes.",Decision Support | Dynamic Decision Making | Individual Differences | Real-Time Environments,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Lerch, F. Javier;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85138716145,10.1177/0023830914543286,Mechanism of Disyllabic Tonal Reduction in Taiwan Mandarin,"Quality has emerged as a key issue in the development and deployment of software products (Haag et al. 1996; Prahalad and Krishnan 1999; Yourdon 1992). As software products play an increasingly critical role in supporting strategic business initiatives, it is important that these products function correctly and according to users’ specifications. The costs of poor software quality (in terms of reduced productivity, downtime, customer dissatisfaction, and injury) can be enormous. For example, the Help Desk Institute, an industry group based in Denver, estimates that in 1999, Americans spent 65 million minutes on “hold” waiting for help from software vendors in debugging software problems (Minasi 2000). An unresolved issue is how software quality can be improved. On the one hand, some software researchers and experts argue that quality can be tested into software products. That is, defective software products can eventually become “bug-free” through rigorous testing (Anthes 1997; Hanna 1995). However, on the other hand, there is a notion that quality must be designed or built into software products from the start (Fenton and Neil 1999). That is, quality in design predicts quality in later stages of the product life cycle. There is some empirical evidence to support this notion from Japanese software factories (Cusumano 1991), the NASA Space Shuttle program (Keller 1992), and a variety of projects at IBM (Buck and Robbins 1984). If the level of quality persists throughout a product’s life cycle, how can quality be designed into the product? In manufacturing, Bohn (1995) found evidence that process maturity (i.e., the sophistication, consistency, and effectiveness of manufacturing processes) was positively associated with product quality. This relationship is believed to exist because as a process becomes more mature and less variable, the outputs of the process (i.e., products) have a higher level of quality (Fenton and Neil 1999; Ryan 2000; Zahran 1998). In the context of software production, this implies that maturity of the software development process is essential to reducing process variability and thus improving the quality of software products (Humphrey 1988). There is some empirical support linking process maturity to software quality. For example, Diaz and Sligo (1997) found initial evidence of a positive relationship between process maturity and software quality at Motorola. Herbsleb et al. (1997) found additional anecdotal support of this relationship, but suggest that further research is needed to understand more precisely how process maturity and software quality are related. Determining whether process maturity is linked to software quality is important because, in practice, many managers still emphasize testing at the end of the development cycle instead of building in quality through better processes (Anthes 1997; Hanna 1995). Thus, this study has been designed to address the following question that is central to these issues: What is the relationship between process maturity and software quality over the product life cycle? We develop a conceptual framework (Figure 1) for assessing the relationship between process maturity and software quality at different stages of the product life cycle: development, implementation, and production. Our models are empirically evaluated using archival data collected on software products developed over 12 years by the systems integration division of an information technology company. Based upon our analysis, we identify the direct and indirect marginal effects of improved process maturity on software quality at the different stages of the software life cycle. Our results also provide insight into the question of whether quality is a persistent characteristic of software.",,"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2000",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864582601,10.1109/TSE.2011.63,The merits of measuring challenge and hindrance appraisals,"As firms increasingly rely on information systems to perform critical functions, the consequences of software defects can be catastrophic. Although the software engineering literature suggests that software process improvement can help to reduce software defects, the actual evidence is equivocal. For example, improved development processes may only remove the ""easier"" syntactical defects, while the more critical defects remain. Rigorous empirical analyses of these relationships have been very difficult to conduct due to the difficulties in collecting the appropriate data on real systems from industrial organizations. This field study analyzes a detailed data set consisting of 7,545 software defects that were collected on software projects completed at a major software firm. Our analyses reveal that higher levels of software process improvement significantly reduce the likelihood of high severity defects. In addition, we find that higher levels of process improvement are even more beneficial in reducing severe defects when the system developed is large or complex, but are less beneficial in development when requirements are ambiguous, unclear, or incomplete. Our findings reveal the benefits and limitations of software process improvement for the removal of severe defects and suggest where investments in improving development processes may have their greatest effects. © 2012 IEEE.",CMM | defect severity | requirements ambiguity | Software complexity | software process,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2012-07-09,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Kemerer, Chris F.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042234557,10.1023/a:1018942122436,What the death star can tell us about system safety,"We describe the use of simulation-based experiments to assess the computer support needs of automation supervisors in the United States Postal Service (USPS). Because of the high cost of the proposed system, the inability of supervisors to articulate their computer support needs, and the infeasibility of direct experimentation in the actual work environment, we used a simulation to study end-user decision making, and to experiment with alternative computer support capabilities. In Phase One we investigated differences between expert and novice information search and decision strategies in the existing work environment. In Phase Two, we tested the impact of computer support features on performance. The empirical results of the two experiments showed how to differentially support experts and novices, and the effectiveness of proposed information systems before they were built. The paper concludes by examining the implications of the project for the software requirements engineering community.",,Annals of Software Engineering,1997-01-01,Article,"Javier Lerch, F.;Ballou, Deborah J.;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85010482255,10.1177/1541931215591384,Guidelines and caveats for manipulating expectancies in experiments involving human participants,"Rapid innovation, intense competition, and the drive to survive have compelled information technology (IT) firms to seek ways to develop high quality software quickly and productively. The critical issues faced by these firms are the inter-relationships, sometimes viewed as trade-offs, between quality, cycle time, and effort in the software development life cycle. Some believe that higher quality can only be achieved with increased development time and effort. Others argue that higher quality results in less rework, with shorter development cycles and reduced effort. In this study, we investigate the inter-relationships between software process improvement, quality, cycle time, and effort. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the effect of software process improvement and software quality on all activities in the software development life cycle. We find that software process improvement leads to higher quality and that process improvement and quality are associated with reduced cycle time, development effort, and supporting activity effort (e.g., configuration management, quality assurance). We are in the process of examining the effect of process improvement and quality on post-deployment maintenance activities.",IS development effort | IS development time | Software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 1998",1998-12-13,Conference Paper,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85088774088,10.2118/177506-ms,Excellence in projects: Path breaking approach to project management,"Organizations are always looking to approach production in innovative ways that will boost the results, increase productivity, cut down slack time and increase revenue while keeping the risks of HSE failures and asset integrity incidents down to a minimum. The challenges are greater when time pressure comes into play. Consequently when an operational rig is shutdown for maintenance it becomes important to execute the project in a shortest time while ensuring uncompromising HSE, Quality and Asset Integrity standards. NDC examined its practices and put in place an innovative process and named this initiative Excellence in Projects (EiP). Simply put the Excellence in Projects follows the typical path of planning, execution, reviewing, and then once again planning. It follows the classic Deming cycle of PDCA and translates this in project terms. Starting with an assumption of a ""perfect world"" with unlimited resources in terms of funds, material and manpower, the EiP allows teams to plan a Perfect Project on paper. The requirement is to come up with a perfect time and quality output - best quality with the shortest time. The output of this ideal project is then transferred into real-life actions taking account of the actual projects constraints. The final result is the happy medium of truly achievable goals against challenging odds. The project is allowed to run and the lessons learnt are captured on completion and feed into the next project thus ensuring a continuous improvement cycle at all times. This paper is a case study on the successful implementation of this EiP project, using set KPIs and scoring systems, yielding excellent benefits not just in time and cost saving but also Team Building, Quality, Reliability and above all HSE and Asset Integrity.",,"Society of Petroleum Engineers - Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, ADIPEC 2015",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Pushkarna, A.;Mathew, R.;Al-Suwaidi, A. S.;Malhotra, U. N.;Mukhtar, A.;Belbissi, F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1145/1877725.1877730,Navigating the edge of risk,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84934268233,10.1111/ajsp.12099,Culture and decision-making: Investigating cultural variations in the East Asian and North American online decision-making processes,"Research in cross-cultural psychology suggests that East Asians hold holistic thinking styles whereas North Americans hold analytic thinking styles. The present study examines the influence of cultural thinking styles on the online decision-making processes for Hong Kong Chinese and European Canadians, with and without time constraints. We investigated the online decision-making processes in terms of (1) information search speed, (2) quantity of information used, and (3) type of information used. Results show that, without time constraints, Hong Kong Chinese, compared to European Canadians, spent less time on decisions and parsed through information more efficiently, and Hong Kong Chinese attended to both important and less important information, whereas European Canadians selectively focused on important information. No cultural differences were found in the quantity of information used. When under time constraints, all cultural variations disappeared. The dynamics of cultural differences and similarities in decision-making are discussed.",Analytic versus holistic thinking styles | Cultural difference | Cultural similarity | Decision-making | Information search | Time pressure,Asian Journal of Social Psychology,2015-02-01,Article,"Li, Liman Man Wai;Masuda, Takahiko;Russell, Matthew J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84924290957,10.1109/IDT.2014.7038576,RF filter characterization using a chirp,Historically test engineers have had the problem that during debug of initial silicon that they are asked to characterize certain parts of the device. This adds time pressure as this is never part of the test quotation which also adds cost pressure since this takes extra test time and tester time to develop. The following topic will discuss a simple to develop method that will characterize a filter using a chirp to sweep the filters' frequency range. The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) behind this will also be covered.,,"Proceedings of 2014 9th International Design and Test Symposium, IDT 2014",2015-02-10,Conference Paper,"Sarson, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84979885707,10.1023/a:1018997029222,Crisis situations in engineering product development - A method to identify crisis,"An observational case study and an observation method are presented in this paper. The goal of the observation method is to identify, observe, document and analyse crisis situations in engineering product development teams. Crisis situations are characterized as unexpected or undesired situations with time pressure and pressure to act. The case study observes an academic student team designing and developing a racing car, as part of an inter-university racing car challenge. An introduction about case study design and a classification of the presented case study is given. The various steps in the observation method are described with the corresponding tools used in each step. Further, the application of this method is also explained and an initial framework of crisis situation is shown.",Human behaviour in design | Observational study | Research methodologies and methods crisis management | Risk management,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Muenzberg, Christopher;Venkataraman, Srinivasan;Hertrich, Nicolas;Fruehling, Carl;Lindemann, Udo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963701146,10.3233/978-1-61499-589-0-68,Interfacing agents to real-time strategy games,"In real-time strategy games players make decisions and control their units simultaneously. Players are required to make decisions under time pressure and should be able to control multiple units at once in order to be successful. We present the design and implementation of a multi-agent interface for the real-time strategy game STARCRAFT: BROOD WAR. This makes it possible to build agents that control each of the units in a game. We make use of the Environment Interface Standard, thus enabling different agent programming languages to use our interface, and we show how agents can control the units in the game in the Jason and GOAL agent programming languages.",Agent programming languages | Environment interface standard | Multi-agent systems | Real-time strategy games,Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jensen, Andreas Schmidt;Kaysø-Rørdam, Christian;Villadsen, Jørgen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748883711,10.1109/BDIM.2007.375007,Why the little things matter: Exploring situational influences on customers' self-service technology decisions,"Incident management is the process through which the IT support organization manages to restore normal service operation as quickly as possible and with minimum disruption to the business. One of the ultimate measures of an IT support organization's success is the amount of time it takes to resolve an incident. Reducing this value not only reduces total cost and resource allocation but also increases customer satisfaction, which is one of the most important measures of a support center's performance. However, the support organization is often unable to collect data on their performance, let alone experiment with the consequences of reshuffling the organization and playing with alternative staffing levels. In this paper, we present our approach to assessing and improving the performance of an IT support organization in managing service incidents, based on the definition of a set of performance metrics and a methodology for guided analysis that allows a user to find the root causes of poor performance and decide on corrective actions to be taken. We provide validation of the approach by discussing its application a real-life case study of a leading IT provider for the airline industry. © 2007 IEEE.",Business-driven IT management (BDIM) | Business-oriented performance measures | Data warehousing | Decision support | Incident management | Information technology infrastructure library (ITIL) | Modeling | Performance evaluation,"Second IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management, BDIM 2007",2007-10-01,Conference Paper,"Barash, Gilad;Bartolini, Claudio;Wu, Liya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938405000,10.1371/journal.pone.0115756,Time pressure increases cooperation in competitively framed social dilemmas,"What makes people willing to pay costs to benefit others? Does such cooperation require effortful self-control, or do automatic, intuitive processes favor cooperation? Time pressure has been shown to increase cooperative behavior in Public Goods Games, implying a predisposition towards cooperation. Consistent with the hypothesis that this predisposition results from the fact that cooperation is typically advantageous outside the lab, it has further been shown that the time pressure effect is undermined by prior experience playing lab games (where selfishness is the more advantageous strategy). Furthermore, a recent study found that time pressure increases cooperation even in a game framed as a competition, suggesting that the time pressure effect is not the result of social norm compliance. Here, we successfully replicate these findings, again observing a positive effect of time pressure on cooperation in a competitively framed game, but not when using the standard cooperative framing. These results suggest that participants' intuitions favor cooperation rather than norm compliance, and also that simply changing the framing of the Public Goods Game is enough to make it appear novel to participants and thus to restore the time pressure effect.",,PLoS ONE,2014-12-31,Article,"Cone, Jeremy;Rand, David G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941631833,10.1016/B978-0-08-100063-2.00010-7,My journey from certified bra fitter to reference librarian,"This chapter examines how one librarian went from selling bras to providing reference service in an academic library. Although some decry the retail influence on reference work, retail experience can positively affect reference work. Bra fitters learn quickly that tact and sensitivity are required for a successful sale. Effective reference librarians employ those same skills with students. Students feel helpless when they ask a question, and admit they don't know how to find resources in the library. Stress is another common denominator between the two fields. The hectic pace that starts with Black Friday, and ends with returns the day after Christmas: is comparable the frenzied atmosphere present in a library at the end of a semester. Most importantly, retail provides extensive preparation for dealing with a wide variety of patrons.",Assessment skills | Fit for purpose | Public communication skills | Reference library | Retail experience | Time pressures,Skills to Make a Librarian: Transferable Skills Inside and Outside the Library,2015-01-01,Book Chapter,"Ewing, Robin L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946914081,10.1123/JAPA.2012-0241,Dual-task performance in young and older adults: Speed-accuracy tradeoffs in choice responding while treadmill walking,"Thirty-one young (mean age = 20.8 years) and 30 older (mean age = 71.5 years) men and women categorized as physically active (n = 30) or inactive (n = 31) performed an executive processing task while standing, treadmill walking at a preferred pace, and treadmill walking at a faster pace. Dual-task interference was predicted to negatively impact older adults' cognitive fexibility as measured by an auditory switch task more than younger adults; further, participants' level of physical activity was predicted to mitigate the relation. For older adults, treadmill walking was accompanied by significantly more rapid response times and reductions in local- and mixed-switch costs. A speed-accuracy tradeoff was observed in which response errors increased linearly as walking speed increased, suggesting that locomotion under dual-task conditions degrades the quality of older adults' cognitive fexibility. Participants' level of physical activity did not infuence cognitive test performance.",Cognition | Dual-task interference | Information processing | Physical activity | Switch task,Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,2014-10-01,Article,"Tomporowski, Phillip D.;Audiffren, Michel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-42149120101,10.1145/1297846.1297873,Influence of instruction on velocity and accuracy in soccer kicking of experienced soccer players,"""No Silver Bullet"" is a classic software engineering paper that deserves revisiting. What if we had a chance to rewrite Brooks' article today? What have we learned about effective software development techniques over the last 20 years? Do we have some experiences that reinforce or contradict Brooks' thesis?",Complexity | Reuse,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mancl, Dennis;Fraser, Steven;Opdyke, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021199913,10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.02.005,The Effects of System Reliability and Task Uncertainty on Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operator Performance under High Time Pressure,,,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1984-01-01,Conference Paper,"Curtis, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0006845902,10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.063,Trial-by-trial fluctuations in CNV amplitude reflect anticipatory adjustment of response caution,,,Cutter IT Journal,1997-05-01,Article,"Curtis, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0347976263,10.1016/j.tele.2013.10.003,The influence of repetition and time pressure on effectiveness of mobile advertising messages,,,Cutter IT Journal,1997-10-01,Article,"Cusumano, Michael A.;Selby, Richard W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899931277,10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.144,Information acquisition processes and their continuity: Transforming uncertainty into risk,We propose a formal approach to the problem of transforming uncertainty into risk via information revelation processes. Abstractions and formalizations regarding information acquisition processes are common in different areas of information sciences. We investigate the relationships between the way information is acquired and the continuity properties of revelation processes. A class of revelation processes whose continuity is characterized by how information is transmitted is introduced. This allows us to provide normative results regarding the continuity of the information acquisition processes of decision makers (DMs) and their ability to formulate probabilistic predictions within a given confidence range. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Continuity | Decision-making | Information acquisition | Time-pressure | Uncertainty,Information Sciences,2014-08-01,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904674229,10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00251,Individual differences in response speed and accuracy are associated to specific brain activities of two interacting systems,"The study investigates the neurocognitive stages involved in the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). Contrary to previous approach, we did not manipulate speed and accuracy instructions: participants were required to be fast and accurate in a go/no-go task, and we selected post-hoc the groups based on the subjects' spontaneous behavioral tendency. Based on the reaction times, we selected the fast and slow groups (Speed-groups), and based on the percentage of false alarms, we selected the accurate and inaccurate groups (Accuracy-groups). The two Speed-groups were accuracy-matched, and the two Accuracy-groups were speed-matched. High density electroencephalographic (EEG) and stimulus-locked analyses allowed us to observe group differences both before and after the stimulus onset. Long before the stimulus appearance, the two Speed-groups showed different amplitude of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), reflecting the activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA); by contrast, the two Accuracy-groups showed different amplitude of the prefrontal negativity (pN), reflecting the activity of the right prefrontal cortex (rPFC). In addition, the post-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components showed differences between groups: the P1 component was larger in accurate than inaccurate group; the N1 and N2 components were larger in the fast than slow group; the P3 component started earlier and was larger in the fast than slow group. The go minus no-go subtractive wave enhancing go-related processing revealed a differential prefrontal positivity (dpP) that peaked at about 330 ms; the latency and the amplitude of this peak were associated with the speed of the decision process and the efficiency of the stimulusresponse mapping, respectively. Overall, data are consistent with the view that speed and accuracy are processed by two interacting but separate neurocognitive systems, with different features in both the anticipation and the response execution phases. © 2014 Perri, Berchicci, Spinelli and Di Russo.",Bereitschaftspotential (BP) | Decision making | EEG | Event related potentials (ERPs) | Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,2014-07-22,Article,"Perri, Rinaldo Livio;Berchicci, Marika;Spinelli, Donatella;Di Russo, Francesco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928821540,10.1007/978-94-017-8975-2_16,Work-family conflict and worker wellbeing in China,"As the largest country in the Asia Pacific with rapid industrialization, China is undergoing dramatic economic and social transformation which has a huge impact on work and employment, and workers' experiences of wellbeing. The key psychosocial factors at work, such as time pressure, workload, and job insecurity have been increasingly recognized for their adverse impact on levels of employee wellbeing. However, work-family conflict is a phenomenon which has received less attention in Chinese research on psychosocial factors at work. This chapter provides a historical overview of work-family conflict within the Chinese context, which has been cultured by collectivism for thousands of years. The divergence and concordance between individualistic and collectivist cultures on work-family conflict are presented; and its antecedents, consequences, and gender differences are also explored, followed by two case studies from China. It is concluded that, in contemporary China, work-family conflict is an important psychosocial factor at work. Contradicting findings from Western societies, obvious gender-based work-family conflict in China is observed, whereby the breadwinner role is central for men, and extra work which interferes with family life temporarily is accepted commonly by family members for the sake of future benefits from men's career success. Thus, although Chinese men's work-to-family conflict is high, their wellbeing is majorly determined by family-to-work conflict. For Chinese women with more than 90 % participation rate in employment, they are still expected to take primary responsibilities for housework and child-rearing. As a result, Chinese women are exposed to a double burden from work and family, and their wellbeing is affected by both work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. In future, extended evidence by prospective investigations and intervention studies are needed to strengthen health-promoting work environments in China.",Employee wellbeing | Family-work conflict | Job Insecurity | Psychosocial factors at work in China | Time pressure | Work-family conflict | Workload,Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific,2014-07-01,Book Chapter,"Li, Jian;Angerer, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026207547,10.1287/mnsc.37.8.990,Effect of time pressure on attentional shift and anticipatory postural control during unilateral shoulder abduction reactions in an oddball-like paradigm,"Critical path models concerning project management (i.e. PERT/CPM) fail to account for work force behavioral effects on the expected project completion time. In this paper, we provide a modelling framework for project management activities, that ultimately accounts for expected worker behavior under Parkinson's Law. A stochastic activity completion time model is used to formally state Parkinson's Law. The developed model helps to examine the effects of information release policies on subcontractors of project activities, and to develop managerial policies for setting appropriate deadlines for series or parallel project activities.",,Management Science,1991-01-01,Article,"Gutierrez, Genaro J.;Kouvelis, Panagiotis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59149105834,10.1016/j.ijindorg.2008.07.002,Time pressure inhibits dynamic advantage in the classification of facial expressions of emotion,"In a framework of repeated-purchase experience goods with seller's moral hazard and imperfect monitoring, umbrella branding may improve the terms of the implicit contract between seller and buyers, whereby the seller invests in quality and buyers pay a high price. In some cases, umbrella branding leads to a softer punishment of product failure, which increases the seller's value. In other cases, umbrella branding leads to a harsher punishment of product failure, which allows for a reputational equilibrium that would otherwise be impossible. On the negative side, under umbrella branding one bad signal may kill two revenue streams, not one. Combining costs and benefits, I determine the set of parameter values such that umbrella branding is an optimal strategy. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Branding | Repeated games | Reputation,International Journal of Industrial Organization,2009-03-01,Article,"Cabral, Luís M.B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904764322,10.12733/jcis10347,Building series of cascaded classifiers with different speed-accuracy tradeoffs for object detection,"The paper studies how to efficiently build series of Boosted cascades to fulfil different SPEED requirements for object detection. A novel cascade structure is proposed. The proposed cascade structure is composed of two different functional parts. The first part is a pre-processing cascaded classifier. It is designed to fulfil different speed requirements. The second part is a cascaded classifier which is the same as it is in the traditional method. It is designed to preserve the classification performance of the whole cascaded classifier. In the first part, series of optional cascaded classifiers are built with different computation costs. To improve the training efficiency, these series of cascaded classifier are built based on one single Boosted strong classifier by a search-based method. The searching algorithm runs iteratively. At each round, a cascaded classifier is built. The cascaded classifier from the last round is further utilized in the next round to build a faster cascaded classifier. Experiments on frontal face detection demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. State-of-art results are achieved with less computation cost. © 2014 Binary Information Press.",Cascade | Haar-like feature | Object detection | Speed,Journal of Computational Information Systems,2014-06-01,Article,"Yan, Shengye;Chang, Jinjin;Liu, Xuguang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946909299,10.1002/pchj.52,Emotional well-being and time pressure,"We propose a conceptual model of how time pressure affects emotional well-being associated with mundane routine activities. A selective review of research in several areas affirms the plausibility of the conceptual model, which posits negative effects on emotional well-being of insufficient time allocated to restorative and other activities instrumental for attaining desirable work, family life, and leisure goals. Previous research also affirms that practicing time management can have indirect positive effects by decreasing time pressure, whereas material wealth can have both negative indirect effects and positive indirect effects by increasing and decreasing time pressure, respectively. Several issues remain to be studied empirically. The conceptual model is a ground for additional, preferably cross-cultural, research.",Emotional well-being | Time pressure | Western life style,PsyCh Journal,2014-06-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Krause, Kristina;Gamble, Amelie;Hartig, Terry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902324361,10.7554/eLife.02260,A neural mechanism of speed-accuracy tradeoff in macaque area LIP,"Decision making often involves a tradeoff between speed and accuracy. Previous studies indicate that neural activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) represents the gradual accumulation of evidence toward a threshold level, or evidence bound, which terminates the decision process. The level of this bound is hypothesized to mediate the speed-accuracy tradeoff. To test this, we recorded from LIP while monkeys performed a motion discrimination task in two speed-accuracy regimes. Surprisingly, the terminating threshold levels of neural activity were similar in both regimes. However, neurons recorded in the faster regime exhibited stronger evidence-independent activation from the beginning of decision formation, effectively reducing the evidence-dependent neural modulation needed for choice commitment. Our results suggest that control of speed versus accuracy may be exerted through changes in decision-related neural activity itself rather than through changes in the threshold applied to such neural activity to terminate a decision. © Booth et al.",,eLife,2014-05-27,Article,"Hanks, Timothy D.;Kiani, Roozbeh;Shadlen, Michael N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041542962,10.1016/S0165-4896(99)00011-6,Shared time pressure at work and its health-related outcomes: Job satisfaction as a mediator,"To allow conditioning on counterfactual events, zero probabilities can be replaced by infinitesimal probabilities that range over a non-Archimedean ordered field. This paper considers a suitable minimal field that is a complete metric space. Axioms similar to those in Anscombe and Aumann [Anscombe, F.J., Aumann, R.J., 1963. A definition of subjective probability, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 34, 199-205.] and in Blume et al. [Blume, L., Brandenburger, A., Dekel, E., 1991. Lexicographic probabilities and choice under uncertainty, Econometrica 59, 61-79.] are used to characterize preferences which: (i) reveal unique non-Archimedean subjective probabilities within the field; and (ii) can be represented by the non-Archimedean subjective expected value of any real-valued von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function in a unique cardinal equivalence class, using the natural ordering of the field. © Elsevier Science B.V.",,Mathematical social sciences,1999-01-01,Article,"Hammond, Peter J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896371281,10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000415,Influence of organizational and project practices on design error costs,"The organizational and project-related practices adopted by design firms can influence the nature and ability of people to perform their tasks. In recognition of such influences, a structured survey questionnaire was used to determine the key factors contributing to design error costs in 139 Australian construction projects. Using stepwise multiple regressions, the significant organizational and project-related variables influencing design error costs are determined. The analysis revealed that the mean design error costs for the sample projects were 14.2% of the original contract value. Significant organizational and project factors influencing design error included inadequate training for employees and unrealistic design and documentation schedules required by clients. From the findings, key strategies for reducing design errors that are attributable to organization and project-related practices are identified. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.",Contract documentation | Costs | Design errors | Organization | Project | Schedule pressure,Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2014-04-01,Conference Paper,"Love, Peter E.D.;Lopez, Robert;Kim, Jeong Tai;Kim, Mi Jeong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896756057,10.1525/abt.2014.76.3.8,Guiding student inquiry into eukaryotic organismal biology using the plasmodial slime mold physarum polycephalum,"In order to challenge our undergraduate students' enduring misconception that plants, animals, and fungi must be ""advanced"" and that other eukaryotes traditionally called protists must be ""primitive,"" we have developed a 24-hour takehome guided inquiry and investigation of live Physarum cultures. The experiment replicates recent peer-reviewed research regarding speed - accuracy tradeoffs and reliably produces data with which students explore key biological concepts and practice essential scientific competencies. It requires minimal resources and can be adapted for high school students or more independent student investigations. We present statistical analyses of data from four semesters and provide examples of our strategies for student engagement and assessment. © 2014 by National Association of Biology Teachers. All rights reserved. Request permission to photocopy or reproduce article content at the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions Web site at.",Behavior | data analysis | model organisms | protists | speed-accuracy tradeoffs,American Biology Teacher,2014-03-01,Article,"Weeks, Andrea;Bachman, Beverly;Josway, Sarah;Laemmerzahl, Arndt F.;North, Brittany",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897593249,10.1037/xap000007,A sequential sampling account of response bias and speed-accuracy tradeoffs in a conflict detection task,"Signal Detection Theory (SDT; Green & Swets, 1966) is a popular tool for understanding decision making. However, it does not account for the time taken to make a decision, nor why response bias might change over time. Sequential sampling models provide a way of accounting for speed-accuracy trade-offs and response bias shifts. In this study, we test the validity of a sequential sampling model of conflict detection in a simulated air traffic control task by assessing whether two of its key parameters respond to experimental manipulations in a theoretically consistent way. Through experimental instructions, we manipulated participants' response bias and the relative speed or accuracy of their responses. The sequential sampling model was able to replicate the trends in the conflict responses as well as response time across all conditions. Consistent with our predictions, manipulating response bias was associated primarily with changes in the model's Criterion parameter, whereas manipulating speed- accuracy instructions was associated with changes in the Threshold parameter. The success of the model in replicating the human data suggests we can use the parameters of the model to gain an insight into the underlying response bias and speed-accuracy preferences common to dynamic decision-making tasks. © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Criterion | Response bias | Sequential sampling model | Speed-accuracy | Threshold,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,2014-03-01,Article,"Vuckovic, Anita;Kwantes, Peter J.;Humphreys, Michael;Neal, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84894472668,10.1177/1403494813510984,Time pressure among parents in the Nordic countries: A population-based cross-sectional study,"Aims: To estimate the prevalence of time pressure experienced by parents in the Nordic countries and examine potential gender disparities as well as associations to parents’ family and/or living conditions. Methods: 5949 parents of children aged 2–17 years from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, participating in the 2011 version of the NordChild study, reported their experience of time pressure when keeping up with duties of everyday life. A postal questionnaire addressed to the most active caretaker of the child, was used for data gathering and logistic regression analysis applied. Results: The mother was regarded as the primary caregiver in 83.9% of the cases. Of the mothers, 14.2% reported that they experienced time pressure “most often”, 54.7 % reported “sometimes” and 31.1 % reported they did “not” experience time pressure at all. Time pressure was experienced by 22.2 % of mothers in Sweden, 18.4% in Finland, 13.7% in Norway and 3.9% in Denmark, and could be associated to lack of support, high educational level, financial stress, young child age and working overtime. Conclusions: The mother is regarded as the child’s primary caregiver among the vast majority of families in spite of living in societies with gender-equal family policies. The results indicate that time pressure is embedded in everyday life of mainly highly-educated mothers and those experiencing financial stress and/or lack of social support. No conclusion could be made about time pressure from the “normbreaking” fathers participating in the study, but associations were found to financial stress and lack of support. © 2013, the Nordic Societies of Public Health. All rights reserved.",Everyday life | health | Nordic countries | parents | time pressure | wellbeing,Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,2014-01-01,Article,"Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur;Povlsen, Lene;Petzold, Max",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947765642,10.1007/3-540-58951-1_128,A Time of Uncertainty: The effects of reporters' time schedule on their work,"The personal software process (PSP) is a process-based method for teaching software engineering principles to software engineers. This one semester graduate or seniorlevel undergraduate course uses quality management principles and the capability maturity model (CMM) framework to demonstrate the benefits of applying sound engineering principles to software work. During the course, students learn how to plan and manage their work and how to apply process definition and measurement to their personal tasks.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1995-01-01,Conference Paper,"Humphrey, Watts S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,Exploitation of gaze data for photo region labeling in an immersive environment,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022766907,10.1109/MS.1986.234072,Time pressure affects the efficiency of perceptual processing in decisions under conflict,,,IEEE Software,1986-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Safety risks associated with helping others,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893937813,10.1057/kmrp.2012.61,I'm busy (and competitive)!' Antecedents of knowledge sharing under pressure,"This study considers the dilemma faced by employees every time a colleague requests knowledge: should they share their knowledge? We use adaptive cost theory and self-efficacy theory to examine how individual characteristics (i.e., self-efficacy and trait competitiveness) and situational perceptions (i.e., 'busyness' and perceived competition) affect knowledge sharing behaviours. A study was conducted with 403 students who completed a problem-solving exercise and who were permitted (but not required) to respond to requests for knowledge from people who were doing the same activity. Our results suggest that people who perceive significant time pressure are less likely to share knowledge. Trait competitiveness predicted perceived competition. This and low task self-efficacy created a sense of time pressure, which in turn led to people feeling 'too busy' to share their knowledge when it was requested. Perceived competition was not directly related to knowledge sharing. Implications for research and practitioners are discussed. © 2014 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",knowledge sharing | perceived competition | perceived time pressure | self-efficacy | trait competitiveness,Knowledge Management Research and Practice,2014-01-01,Article,"Connelly, Catherine E.;Ford, Dianne P.;Turel, Ofir;Gallupe, Brent;Zweig, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900209165,10.1007/s11043-013-9219-z,Applicability of elastomer time-dependent behavior in dynamic mechanical damping systems,"Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) of unfilled as well as particle-filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(norbornene) was performed to compare their behavior as dampers. PDMS and PNB were filled with varying contents of spherical iron particles (aspect ratio of 1) and also different hardness formulations of the materials were characterized. The wicket-plot (tanδ vs. storage modulus) was considered therefore and all frequency- and temperature-dependent results were presented. Linear dependencies were observed for PDMS, even though the material did not reveal thermorheologically simple behavior. However, tanδ of PNB was a unique function of its storage modulus and so the material exhibited thermorheologically simple behavior. A linear shift factor over frequency-temperature and frequency-internal pressure (Fe-content) was found for PDMS. Master curves of PNB were constructed and reasonable results were achieved, which were due to their thermorheologically simple material behavior. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) | PDMS | PNB | Time-pressure superposition | Time-temperature superposition | Viscoelastic damper,Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials,2014-02-01,Article,"Çakmak, U. D.;Hiptmair, F.;Major, Z.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897042699,10.1080/14427591.2013.865153,Active travel: A cure for the Hurry virus,"In occupational science, occupation refers to the everyday things people need, want and are expected to do. One of these things is the act of travelling from one occupation to another. Conventional wisdom in modern societies suggests that the faster we do this, the better: the faster we travel, the further we move and the more productive we become. In this paper, I question this view, exploring a paradox whereby increasing the speed of travel as a strategy to cope with time pressure can lead to a loss of time, money and health. A holistic assessment of the costs of transport reveals that active modes of travel may reduce time pressures and help people rediscover natural connections between themselves and their world. I explain how a culture of speed promotes lifestyles that minimise the chances of children engaging in the healthy occupations of walking and cycling, and leads to a situation where larger numbers of people (adults and children) are engaged in less healthy occupations. In a multitude of ways, some of which have been largely overlooked in research on health or time pressure, active travel can improve the health of individuals, cities and the planet. © 2013 The Journal of Occupational Science Incorporated.",Active travel | Children | Health | Speed | Time pressure,Journal of Occupational Science,2014-01-02,Article,"Tranter, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905011963,10.3389/fnins.2014.00150,"The speed-accuracy tradeoff: History, physiology, methodology, and behavior","There are few behavioral effects as ubiquitous as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). From insects to rodents to primates, the tendency for decision speed to covary with decision accuracy seems an inescapable property of choice behavior. Recently, the SAT has received renewed interest, as neuroscience approaches begin to uncover its neural underpinnings and computational models are compelled to incorporate it as a necessary benchmark. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of SAT. First, I trace its history as a tractable behavioral phenomenon and the role it has played in shaping mathematical descriptions of the decision process. Second, I present a ""users guide"" of SAT methodology, including a critical review of common experimental manipulations and analysis techniques and a treatment of the typical behavioral patterns that emerge when SAT is manipulated directly. Finally, I review applications of this methodology in several domains. © 2014 Heitz.",Decision-making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Neuroscience,2014-01-01,Review,"Heitz, Richard P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000462221,10.1126/science.250.4985.1210,Dissociable mechanisms of speed-accuracy tradeoff during visual perceptual learning are revealed by a hierarchical drift-diffusion model,"Organizational errors are often at the root of failures of critical engineering systems. Yet, when searching for risk management strategies, engineers tend to focus on technical solutions, in part because of the way risks and failures are analyzed. Probabilistic risk analysis allows assessment of the safety of a complex system by relating its failure probability to the performance of its components and operators. In this article, some organizational aspects are introduced to this analysis in an effort to describe the link between the probability of component failures and relevant features of the organization. Probabilities are used to analyze occurrences of organizational errors and their effects on system safety. Coarse estimates of the benefits of certain organizational improvements can then be derived. For jacket-type offshore platforms, improving the design review can provide substantial reliability gains, and the corresponding expense is about two orders of magnitude below the cost of achieving the same result by adding steel to structures.",,Science,1990-01-01,Article,"Paté-Cornell, M. Elisabeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85063003228,10.1080/14719037.2019.1577906,"Effect of time budget pressure on dysfunctional audit and audit quality, information technology as moderator","Performance measurement (PM) has become increasingly popular in the management of public sector organizations (PSOs). This is somewhat paradoxical considering that PM has been criticized for having dysfunctional consequences. Although there are reasons to believe that PM may have dysfunctional consequences, when they occur has not been clarified. The aim of this research is to conceptualize the dysfunctional consequences of PM in PSOs. Based on complementarity theory and contingency theory we conclude that dysfunctional consequences of PM are a matter of interactions between PM design and PM use, between control practices in the control system and between PM and context.",control system | dysfunctional consequences | Performance measurement,Public Management Review,2019-12-02,Article,"Siverbo, Sven;Cäker, Mikael;Åkesson, Johan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905440934,10.1037/a0036801,The hare and the tortoise: Emphasizing speed can change the evidence used to make decisions,"Decision-makers effortlessly balance the need for urgency against the need for caution. Theoretical and neurophysiological accounts have explained this tradeoffsolely in terms of the quantity of evidence required to trigger a decision (the ""threshold""). This explanation has also been used as a benchmark test for evaluating new models of decision making, but the explanation itself has not been carefully tested against data. We rigorously test the assumption that emphasizing decision speed versus decision accuracy selectively influences only decision thresholds. In data from a new brightness discrimination experiment we found that emphasizing decision speed over decision accuracy not only decreases the amount of evidence required for a decision but also decreases the quality of information being accumulated during the decision process. This result was consistent for 2 leading decision-making models and in a model-free test. We also found the same model-based results in archival data from a lexical decision task (reported by Wagenmakers, Ratcliff, Gomez, & McKoon, 2008) and new data from a recognition memory task. We discuss implications for theoretical development and applications. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Decision making | Evidence accumulation | Response time | Sequential sampling | Speed accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition,2014-01-01,Article,"Rae, Babette;Heathcote, Andrew;Donkin, Chris;Averell, Lee;Brown, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905457389,10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003700,Brain and Behavior in Decision-Making,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) is an adaptive process balancing urgency and caution when making decisions. Computational cognitive theories, known as ""evidence accumulation models"", have explained SATs via a manipulation of the amount of evidence necessary to trigger response selection. New light has been shed on these processes by single-cell recordings from monkeys who were adjusting their SAT settings. Those data have been interpreted as inconsistent with existing evidence accumulation theories, prompting the addition of new mechanisms to the models. We show that this interpretation was wrong, by demonstrating that the neural spiking data, and the behavioural data are consistent with existing evidence accumulation theories, without positing additional mechanisms. Our approach succeeds by using the neural data to provide constraints on the cognitive model. Open questions remain about the locus of the link between certain elements of the cognitive models and the neurophysiology, and about the relationship between activity in cortical neurons identified with decision-making vs. activity in downstream areas more closely linked with motor effectors. © 2014 Cassey et al.",,PLoS Computational Biology,2014-01-01,Article,"Cassey, Peter;Heathcote, Andrew;Brown, Scott D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897550404,10.1007/s00332-013-9191-4,Some joys and trials of mathematical neuroscience,"I describe the basic components of the nervous system - neurons and their connections via chemical synapses and electrical gap junctions - and review the model for the action potential produced by a single neuron, proposed by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) over 60 years ago. I then review simplifications of the HH model and extensions that address bursting behavior typical of motoneurons, and describe some models of neural circuits found in pattern generators for locomotion. Such circuits can be studied and modeled in relative isolation from the central nervous system and brain, but the brain itself (and especially the human cortex) presents a much greater challenge due to the huge numbers of neurons and synapses involved. Nonetheless, simple stochastic accumulator models can reproduce both behavioral and electrophysiological data and offer explanations for human behavior in perceptual decisions. In the second part of the paper I introduce these models and describe their relation to an optimal strategy for identifying a signal obscured by noise, thus providing a norm against which behavior can be assessed and suggesting reasons for suboptimal performance. Accumulators describe average activities in brain areas associated with the stimuli and response modes used in the experiments, and they can be derived, albeit non-rigorously, from simplified HH models of excitatory and inhibitory neural populations. Finally, I note topics excluded due to space constraints and identify some open problems. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.",Accumulator | Averaging | Bifurcation | Central pattern generator | Decision making | Drift-diffusion process | Mean field reduction | Optimality | Phase reduction | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Nonlinear Science,2014-01-01,Article,"Holmes, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893766505,10.1080/00140139.2013.854929,The active learning hypothesis of the job-demand-control model: An experimental examination,"The active learning hypothesis of the job-demand-control model [Karasek, R. A. 1979. ""Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign."" Administration Science Quarterly 24: 285-307] proposes positive effects of high job demands and high job control on performance. We conducted a 2 (demands: high vs. low) × 2 (control: high vs. low) experimental office workplace simulation to examine this hypothesis. Since performance during a work simulation is confounded by the boundaries of the demands and control manipulations (e.g. time limits), we used a post-test, in which participants continued working at their task, but without any manipulation of demands and control. This post-test allowed for examining active learning (transfer) effects in an unconfounded fashion. Our results revealed that high demands had a positive effect on quantitative performance, without affecting task accuracy. In contrast, high control resulted in a speed-accuracy tradeoff, that is participants in the high control conditions worked slower but with greater accuracy than participants in the low control conditions. Practitioner Summary: The job-demand-control model proposes positive effects of high job demands-high job control combinations on active learning and performance. In an experimental workplace simulation, we found positive effects of high demands on quantitative performance, whereas high control resulted in a speed-accuracy trade-off (participants worked slower but were more accurate). © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",active learning hypothesis | job-demand-control model | speed-accuracy tradeoff | work performance,Ergonomics,2014-01-01,Article,"Häusser, Jan Alexander;Schulz-Hardt, Stefan;Mojzisch, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903576205,10.1145/2592235.2592246,Developing a serious game for cognitive assessment: Choosing settings and measuring performance,"Gamification and serious games are becoming increasingly important for training, wellness, and other applications. How can games be developed for non-traditional gaming populations such as the elderly, and how can gaming be applied in non-traditional areas such as cognitive assessment? The application that we were interested in is detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Example use cases where gamified cognitive assessment might be useful are: prediction of delirium onset risk in emergency departments and postoperative hospital wards; evaluation of recovery from stroke in neuro-rehabilitation; monitoring of transitions from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in long-term care. With the rapid increase in cognitive disorders in many countries, inexpensive methods of measuring cognitive status on an ongoing basis, and to large numbers of people, are needed. In order to address this challenge we have developed a novel game-based method of cognitive assessment. In this paper, we present findings from a usability study conducted on the game that we developed for measuring changes in cognitive status. We report on the game's ability to predict cognitive status under varying game parameters, and we introduce a method to calibrate the game that takes into account differences in speed and accuracy, and in motor coordination. Recommendations concerning the development of serious games for cognitive assessment are made, and detailed recommendations concerning future development of the whack-a-mole game are also provided. © 2014 ACM.",calibration | digital game design | Fitts' law | game usability | gamification | human-computer interaction | interface design | serious games | speed-accuracy tradeoff | user experience | user-centered design,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Tong, Tiffany;Chignell, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905438637,10.1037/a0037012,The sing decision maker: A binary stochastic network for choice response time,"The Ising Decision Maker (IDM) is a new formal model for speeded two-choice decision making derived from the stochastic Hopfield network or dynamic Ising model. On a microscopic level, it consists of 2 pools of binary stochastic neurons with pairwise interactions. Inside each pool, neurons excite each other, whereas between pools, neurons inhibit each other. The perceptual input is represented by an external excitatory field. Using methods from statistical mechanics, the high-dimensional network of neurons (microscopic level) is reduced to a two-dimensional stochastic process, describing the evolution of the mean neural activity per pool (macroscopic level). The IDM can be seen as an abstract, analytically tractable multiple attractor network model of information accumulation. In this article, the properties of the IDM are studied, the relations to existing models are discussed, and it is shown that the most important basic aspects of two-choice response time data can be reproduced. In addition, the IDM is shown to predict a variety of observed psychophysical relations such as Piéron's law, the van der Molen-Keuss effect, and Weber's law. Using Bayesian methods, the model is fitted to both simulated and real data, and its performance is compared to the Ratcliff diffusion model. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Choice response time | Diffusion models | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Statistical mechanics | Stochastic hopfield network,Psychological Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Verdonck, Stijn;Tuerlinckx, Francis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038814299,10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992,An adaptive prefiltering method to improve the speed/accuracy tradeoff of voltage sequence detection methods under adverse grid conditions,"Currently, two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The ""private investment"" model assumes returns to the innovator result from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The ""collective action"" model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source software development shows that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating private returns from selling the software. In this paper, we propose that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound ""private-collective"" model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models and can offer society the ""best of both worlds"" under many conditions. We describe a new set of research questions this model raises for scholars in organization science. We offer some details regarding the types of data available for open source projects in order to ease access for researchers who are unfamiliar with these, and also offer some advice on conducting empirical studies on open source software development processes.","Incentives | Innovation | Open Source Software | User Innovation, Users, Collective Action",Organization Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Von Hippel, Eric;Von Krogh, Georg",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81355153720,10.2307/41409963,Collective decision-making in ideal networks: The speed-accuracy tradeoff,"With the proliferation and ubiquity of information and communication technologies (ICTs), it is becoming imperative for individuals to constantly engage with these technologies in order to get work accomplished. Academic literature, popular press, and anecdotal evidence suggest that ICTs are responsible for increased stress levels in individuals (known as technostress). However, despite the influence of stress on health costs and productivity, it is not very clear which characteristics of ICTs create stress. We draw from IS and stress research to build and test a model of technostress. The person-environment fit model is used as a theoretical lens. The research model proposes that certain technology characteristics-like usability (usefulness, complexity, and reliability), intrusiveness (presenteeism, anonymity), and dynamism (pace of change)-are related to stressors (work overload, role ambiguity, invasion of privacy, work-home conflict, and job insecurity). Field data from 661 working professionals was obtained and analyzed. The results clearly suggest the prevalence of technostress and the hypotheses from the model are generally supported. Work overload and role ambiguity are found to be the two most dominant stressors, whereas intrusive technology characteristics are found to be the dominant predictors of stressors. The results open up new avenues for research by highlighting the incidence of technostress in organizations and possible interventions to alleviate it.",ICTs | Information and communication technologies | Strain | Stress | Stressors | Technology characteristics | Technostress,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2011-01-01,Article,"Ayyagari, Ramakrishna;Grover, Varun;Purvis, Russell",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-30344431785,10.1287/isre.1050.0055,Global software testing under deadline pressure: Vendor-side experiences,"Growth of Web-based applications has drawn a great number of diverse stakeholders and specialists into the information systems development (ISD) practice. Marketing, strategy, and graphic design professionals have joined technical developers, business managers, and users in the development of Web-based applications. Often, these specialists work for different organizations with distinct histories and cultures. A longitudinal, qualitative field study of a Web-based application development project was undertaken to develop an in-depth understanding of the collaborative practices that unfold among diverse professionals on ISD projects. The paper proposes that multiparty collaborative practice can be understood as constituting a ""collective reflection-in-action"" cycle through which an information systems (IS) design emerges as a result of agents producing, sharing, and reflecting on explicit objects. Depending on their control over the various economic and cultural (intellectual) resources brought to the project and developed on the project, agents influence the design in distinctive ways. They use this control to either ""add to,"" ""ignore,"" or ""challenge"" the work produced by others. Which of these modes of collective reflection-in-action are enacted on the project influences whose expertise will be reflected in the final design. Implications for the study of boundary objects, multiparty collaboration, and organizational learning in contemporary ISD are drawn. © 2005 INFORMS.",Critical perspectives on IT | Ethnographic research | Interpretive research | Management of IS projects | Outsourcing | System design and implementation,Information Systems Research,2005-01-01,Article,"Levina, Natalia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845983993,10.2307/25148728,Accelerated risk analysis in ATM: An experimental validation using time pressure as a stressor,"In a world where information technology is both important and imperfect, organizations and individuals are faced with the ongoing challenge of determining how to use complex, fragile systems in dynamic contexts to achieve reliable out- comes. While reliability is a central concern of information systems practitioners at many levels, there has been limited consideration in information systems scholarship of how firms and individuals create, manage, and use technology to attain reliability. We propose that examining how individuals and organizations use information systems to reliably perform work will increase both the richness and relevance of IS research. Drawing from studies of individual and organizational cognition, we examine the concept of mindfulness as a theoretical foundation for explaining efforts to achieve individual and organizational reliability in the face of complex technologies and surprising environments. We then consider a variety of implications of mindfulness theories of reliability in the form of alternative interpretations of existing knowledge and new directions for inquiry in the areas of IS operations, design, and management.",Is design | IS management | IS operations | Mindfulness | Reliability | Resilience,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Butler, Brian S.;Gray, Peter H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038108621,10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00054-4,How intellectual capital reduces stress on organizational decision-making performance: The mediating roles of task complexity and time pressure,"This special issue of Research Policy is dedicated to new research on the phenomenon of open source software development. Open Source, because of its novel modes of operation and robust functioning in the marketplace, poses novel and fundamental questions for researchers in many fields, ranging from the economics of innovation to the principles by which productive work can best be organized. In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a general history and description of open source software and open source software development processes, plus an overview of the articles. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Editorial | Open source software development,Research Policy,2003-01-01,Editorial,"Von Krogh, Georg;Von Hippel, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,Time pressure impact on en-route choice behavior under guidance information,"The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0043245185,10.1287/isre.14.2.170.16017,Icon memory research under different time pressures and icon quantities based on event-related potential,"Data Quality Information (DQI) is metadata that can be included with data to provide the user with information regarding the quality of that data. As users are increasingly removed from any personal experience with data, knowledge that would be beneficial in judging the appropriateness of the data for the decision to be made has been lost. Data tags could provide this missing information. However, it would be expensive in general to generate and maintain such information. Doing so would be worthwhile only if DQI is used and affects the decision made. This work focuses on how the experience of the decision maker and the available processing time influence the use of DQI in decision making. It also explores other potential issues regarding use of DQI, such as task complexity and demographic characteristics. Our results indicate increasing use of DQI when experience levels progress through the stages from novice to professional. The overall conclusion is that DQI should be made available to managers without domain-specific experience. From this it would follow that DQI should be incorporated into data warehouses used on an ad hoc basis by managers.",Data Quality | Data Quality Information (DQI) | Data Quality Tags | Data Warehouse | Decision Making | Information Quality | Metadata,Information Systems Research,2003-01-01,Article,"Fisher, Craig W.;Chengalur-Smith, Indu Shobha;Ballou, Donald P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041828594,10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00132-2,Multitasking and Performance under Time Pressure,The failure rate of information systems development projects is high. Agency theory offers a potential explanation for it. Structured interviews with 12 IS project managers about their experiences managing IS development projects show how it can be used to understand IS development project outcomes. Managers can use the results of the interviews to improve their own IS project management. Researchers can use them to examine agency theory with a larger number of project managers. © 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Agency theory | Incentives | Information systems | Monitoring | Project management,Journal of Systems and Software,2003-10-15,Article,"Mahaney, Robert C.;Lederer, Albert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905981613,,Applying emergent outcome controls to mitigate time pressure in agile software development,"Can agile software development methods handle time pressure effectively? In this research-in-progress paper we examine the sources and remedies for time pressure in an agile software development project. We draw upon research on emergent outcome controls to understand how they can be used effectively to handle time pressure. In particular, we use Extreme Programming (XP) as an agile development exemplar and propose 3 interesting research propositions. Further, we discuss the limitations, practical implications, and future research efforts on how emergent outcome controls can be used to balance aspects of quality, time, and cost in software development.",Agile software development | Controls | Extreme programming | Time pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Malgonde, Onkar;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902283171,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.926-930.4065,Time pressure effects on impulse buying in sales situation: Need for cognitive closure of intermediary role,"The impulse buying is a special kind of irrational behavior; the impact factor has been research hotspot of scholars and the focus of companies. Based on the analysis of the phenomenon of impulse buying and the literature of impulse buying, we realize time pressure is the important influencing factor on impulse buying. In this paper, we study time pressure effects on impulse buying behavior, and the need for cognitive closure of intermediary role and regulation of demographic variables in promotion situation, on the basis of that we constructed the model of under time pressure effects on impulse buying in promotion situation. We expect this paper can promote the related theory research of impulse buying, and provide theory basis for merchants take reasonable promotion methods. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Demography variables | Impulse buying | Need for cognitive closure | Time pressure,Advanced Materials Research,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hu, Mei;Qin, Xiang Bin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905982645,10.1109/MITP.2010.33,Behavioural affect and cognitive effects of time-pressure and justification requirement in software acquisition: Evidence from an eye-tracking experiment,"Decision makers often have to make decisions in high-pressure situations in which time is limited and competing alternatives are similar. However, research on how time-pressure influences decisions in an information system (IS) context is relatively limited. This study examines the influence of time-pressure on behavioural affect and cognitive effects using eye tracking technology in a behavioural experiment on a software acquisition task. Further, it explores the independent and interactive influence of justification requirement. Results indicate that time-pressure creates discomfort and limits the amount of time spent examining the available information, both in terms of the number of fixations (gazes at part of the screen) and the duration of those fixations. However, this does not mean that information was ignored. Instead, decision-makers under time-pressure actually examined more information under certain circumstances, i.e. the justification requirement seems to interact with time-pressure.",Decision strategy | Eye tracking | Justification | Software acquisition | Time-pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fehrenbacher, Dennis D.;Smith, Stephen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-13844275988,10.1109/TEM.2004.839962,Two routes to closure: Time pressure and goal activation effects on executive control,"Companies often choose to defer irreversible investments to maintain valuable managerial flexibility in an uncertain world. For some technology-intensive projects, technology uncertainty plays a dominant role in affecting investment timing. This article analyzes the investment timing strategy for a firm that is deciding about whether to adopt one or the other of two incompatible and competing technologies. We develop a continuous-time stochastic model that aids in the determination of optimal timing for managerial adoption within the framework of real options theory. The model captures the elements of the decision-making process in such a way so as to provide managerial guidance in light of expectations associated with future technology competition. The results of this paper suggest that a technology adopter should defer its investment until one technology's probability to win out in the marketplace and achieve critical mass reaches a critical threshold. The optimal timing strategy for adoption that we propose can also be used in markets that are subject to positive network feedback. Although network effects usually tend to make the market equilibrium less stable and shorten the process of technology competition, we show why technology adopters may require more technology uncertainties to be resolved before widespread adoption can occur. © 2005 IEEE.",Capital budgeting | Decision analysis | Investment timing | Network externalities | Option pricing | Real options | Stochastic processes | Technology adoption,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2005-02-01,Article,"Kauffman, Robert J.;Li, Xiaotong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1016/0950-5849(95)01045-9,"An investigation into time pressure, Group cohesion and decision making in software development groups","Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744803243,10.1002/spip.256,"Attribution effects of time pressure in retail supply chain relationships: Moving from ""what"" to ""why""","We explore how some open source projects address issues of usability. We describe the mechanisms, techniques and technology used by open source communities to design and refine the interfaces to their programs. In particular we consider how these developers cope with their distributed community, lack of domain expertise, limited resources and separation from their users. We also discuss how bug reporting and discussion systems can be improved to better support bug reporters and open source developers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Bug reporting | Interface design | Open source | Usability,Software Process Improvement and Practice,2006-03-01,Article,"Nichols, David M.;Twidale, Michael B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846032652,10.2307/25148734,Concurrent and lagged effects of team climate on team learning changes: The moderator role of time pressure and work overload [Efectos diferidos y concurrentes del clima de grupo sobre los cambios en el aprendizaje de equipo: El rol modulador de la presión temporal y la sobrecarga de trabajo],"We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies and how appropriately devised managerial interventions (e.g., coordination mechanisms and organizational learning practices) can lessen these conflicts. A study of software reuse programs in four organizations was conducted to assess the validity of the model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained showed that companies that had implemented such managerial interventions experienced greater success with their software reuse programs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.",Coordination mechanisms | Disruptive IT innovations | Goal conflict | Organizational learning | Software reuse,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Sherif, Karma;Zmud, Robert W.;Browne, Glenn J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952435958,10.1037/a0035760,Exhaustion and lack of psychological detachment from work during off-job time: Moderator effects of time pressure and leisure experiences,"A groundbreaking study of the customer's role in new production development. 'Customers have become a critical innovation partner for companies in many industries. At the same time, new information technologies have made such collaborative innovation with customers more feasible and cost-effective. Prandelli, Sawhney, and Verona's book resonates this important theme and contributes to our understanding of the associated management concepts and practices. Definitely a valuable book - for both academic researchers as well as practitioners!'. © Emanuela Prandelli, Mohanbir Sawhney and Gianmario Verona 2008. All rights reserved.",,Collaborating with Customers to Innovate: Conceiving and Marketing Products in the Networking Age,2008-12-01,Book,"Prandelli, Emanuela;Sawhney, Mohanbir;Verona, Gianmario",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Subjective time pressure: General or domain specific?,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21344469434,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2005.04.008,Route choice behavior model under time pressure,"Service organizations are continuously endeavoring to improve their quality of service as it is of paramount importance to them. Despite the importance of understanding the relationship of service quality and information systems, this research has not been pursued extensively. This study has addressed this gap in the research literature and studied how information systems impacts service quality. A research model is developed based on IS success model. System quality, information quality, user IT characteristics, employee IT performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. An in-depth case study from the electric utility industry is used to investigate the impact. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,International Journal of Information Management,2005-01-01,Article,"Bharati, Pratyush;Berg, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-52149116017,10.1016/j.im.2008.05.003,Distinguishing analysis on workload peak and overload under time pressure with pupil diameter,"Software flexibility and project efficiency are deemed to be desirable but conflicting goals during software development. We considered the link between project performance, software flexibility, and management interventions. Specially, we examined software flexibility as a mediator between two recommended management control mechanisms (management review and change control) and project performance. The model was empirically evaluated using data collected from 212 project managers in the Project Management Institute. Our results confirmed that the level of control activities during the system development process was a significant facilitator of software flexibility, which, in turn, enhanced project success. A mediator role of software flexibility implied that higher levels of management controls could achieve higher levels of software flexibility and that this was beneficial not only to the maintainability of complex applications but also to project performance. © 2008.",Change control | Management review | Project management | Software flexibility | Software process improvement,Information and Management,2008-11-01,Article,"Wang, Eric T.G.;Ju, Pei Hung;Jiang, James J.;Klein, Gary",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,Time pressure has limited benefits for human-automation performance,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860568975,10.1037/a0025996,Effects of time pressure on time estimation [Effets de la pression temporelle sur les estimations de durées],"This article provides an integrative review of the literature on judgment-based predictions of performance time, often described as task duration predictions in psychology and as expert-based effort estimation in engineering and management science. We summarize results on the characteristics of performance time predictions, processes and strategies, the influence of task characteristics and contextual factors, and the relations between estimates and characteristics of the estimator. Although dependent on the type of study and the level of analysis, underestimation was more frequently reported than overestimation in studies from the engineering and management literature. However, this was not the case in studies from the psychology literature. Our summaries challenge earlier results regarding the effects of factors such as complexity/difficulty and experience. We also question the recurrent finding that small tasks are overestimated and large tasks are underestimated, as this to some extent can be a statistical artifact caused by random error. Several other influences on predictions are identified and discussed. These include various types of anchoring effects, performance and accuracy incentives, task decomposition, request formats, group estimation, revisions of initial ideal or incomplete estimates, level of abstraction, and superficial cues. We summarize similarities and differences between performance time predictions (e.g., number of work hours) and completion time predictions (e.g., delivery dates) because many studies fail to distinguish between these 2 types of predictions. Finally, we discuss methodological issues in time prediction research and implications for research and application. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Effort estimation | Performance time | Task duration | Time prediction,Psychological Bulletin,2012-03-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986082013,10.1108/09593840310478685,Modeling of the pressure variation during the inflation process of unsteady time-pressure dispensing,"System quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, employee IS performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. A model interrelating these constructs is proposed. Data collected through a national survey of IS departments in electric utility firms was used to test the model using regression and path analysis methodology. The results suggest that system quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, through their effects on employee IS performance, influence service quality, while technical support influences service quality directly. The results also suggest that employee IS performance contributes more to service quality compared with technical support. Implications of this research for IS theory and practice are discussed. © 2003, MCB UP Limited",Electricity industry | Service quality | Strategic information systems | Systems management | USA,Information Technology & People,2003-06-01,Article,"Bharati, Pratyush;Berg, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949381833,10.1145/1595696.1595714,Time pressure and coworker support mediate the curvilinear relationship between age and occupational well-being,"An extensive body of research has developed in the area of software processes improvement and maturity models. Despite being a quite influential body of work, little is known about how software process maturity models and improvement activities relate to a major trend in the software industry: geographic distribution of development activities. In this paper, we seek to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between software process maturity and geographic distribution. In particular, we studied their combined impact on software quality. Using data from a multi-national software development organization, our analyses revealed that process maturity and the multiple dimensions of distribution have a significant impact on the quality of software components. More importantly, our analyses showed that the benefits of increases in process maturity diminish as the development work becomes more distributed, a result that has major implications for future research work in the process and the global software engineering literature as well as important implications for practitioners. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Empirical software engineering | Global software development | Software process maturity | Software quality,ESEC-FSE'09 - Proceedings of the Joint 12th European Software Engineering Conference and 17th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Nambiar, Sangeeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649330407,10.1016/j.jss.2010.09.004,"Anxiety, crowding, and time pressure in public self-service technology acceptance","Open Source (OS) was born as a pragmatic alternative to the ideology of Free Software and it is now increasingly seen by companies as a new approach to developing and making business upon software. Whereas the role of firms is clear for commercial OS projects, it still needs investigation for projects based on communities. This paper analyses the impact of firms' participation on popularity and internal software design quality for 643 SourceForge.net projects. Results show that firms' involvement improves the ranking of OS projects, but, on the other hand, puts corporate constraints to OS developing practices, thus leading to lower structural software design quality. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.",Firm participation | Internal software design quality | Open Source Community Projects | Open Source projects popularity | Structural Equation Modeling,Journal of Systems and Software,2011-01-01,Article,"Capra, Eugenio;Francalanci, Chiara;Merlo, Francesco;Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896467220,10.1016/j.im.2013.12.002,Model-based analysis of two-alternative decision errors in a videopanorama-based remote tower work position,"The objective of this research is to assess the impact of IT outsourcing on Information Systems' success. We modeled the relationships among the extent of IT outsourcing, the ZOT (the Zone of Tolerance), and IS success. We justified our model using the expectancy-disconfirmation theory, the agency theory, and transaction cost economics, and we empirically tested it using structural equation modeling with responses from IS users. We found significant direct and indirect effects (through the service quality) of outsourcing on IS systems' perceived usefulness and their users' satisfaction. Whereas the extent of outsourcing is negatively related to the service quality and perceived usefulness, the ZOT-based IS service quality is positively related to the user satisfaction. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.",IS success models | Outsourcing | Service quality | Usage | Usefulness | User satisfaction,Information and Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Gorla, Narasimhaiah;Somers, Toni M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79959859896,10.1145/1985793.1985816,Effect of situational factors on pedestrian intention to jaywalk,"Feature-driven software development is a novel approach that has grown in popularity over the past decade. Researchers and practitioners alike have argued that numerous benefits could be garnered from adopting a feature-driven development approach. However, those persuasive arguments have not been matched with supporting empirical evidence. Moreover, developing software systems around features involves new technical and organizational elements that could have significant implications for outcomes such as software quality. This paper presents an empirical analysis of a large-scale project that implemented 1195 features in a software system. We examined the impact that technical attributes of product features, attributes of the feature teams and crossfeature interactions have on software integration failures. Our results show that technical factors such as the nature of component dependencies and organizational factors such as the geographic dispersion of the feature teams and the role of the feature owners had complementary impact suggesting their independent and important role in terms of software quality. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that cross-feature interactions, measured as the number of architectural dependencies between two product features, are a major driver of integration failures. The research and practical implications of our results are discussed. © 2011 ACM.",cross-feature interaction | feature-oriented development | global software development,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2011-07-07,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Herbsleb, James D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899408621,10.1007/s10606-013-9197-3,Officing: Mediating time and the professional self in the support of nomadic work,"Today's mobile knowledge professionals use a diversity of digital technologies to perform their work. Much of this daily technology consumption involves a variety of activities of articulation, negotiation and repair to support their work as well as their nomadic practices. This article argues that these activities mediate and structure social relations, going beyond the usual attention given to this work as a support requirement of cooperative and mobile work. Drawing on cultural approaches to technology consumption, the article introduces the concept of 'officing' and its three main categories of connecting, configuring and synchronizing, to show how these activities shape and are shaped by the relationship that workers have with their time and sense of professional self. This argument is made through research of professionals at a municipal council in Sydney and at a global telecommunications firm with regional headquarters in Melbourne, trialling a smartphone prototype. This research found that while officing fuels a sense of persistent time pressure and collapse of work and life boundaries, it also supports new temporal and spatial senses and opportunities for maintaining professional identities. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",'anywhere anytime' | infrastructure support | nomadic practices | officing | professional identity | time pressure,Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2014-04-01,Article,"Humphry, Justine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957837676,10.1123/jsm.25.3.240,Nature and nurture: The impact of automaticity and the structuration of communication on virtual team behavior and performance,"This study systematically examined the extent of environmental sustainability (ES) research within the sport-related journal sample of academic literature to identify areas of under-emphasis and recommend directions for future research. The data collection and analysis followed a content analysis framework. The investigation involved a total of 21 sport-related academic journals that included 4,639 peer-reviewed articles published from 1987 to 2008. Findings indicated a paucity of sport-ES research articles (n = 17) during this time period. Further analysis compared the sport-ES studies within the sample to research in the broader management literature. A research agenda is suggested to advance sport-ES beyond the infancy stage. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc.",,Journal of Sport Management,2011-01-01,Article,"Mallen, Cheryl;Stevens, Julie;Adam, Lorne J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951623601,10.1109/TEM.2009.2013838,Risk and reward preferences under time pressure,"Increasingly, consulting firms are employed by client organizations to participate in the implementation of enterprise systems projects. Such consultant-assisted information systems projects differ from internal and outsourced IS projects in two important respects. First, the joint project team consists of members from client and consulting organizations that may have conflicting goals and incompatible work practices. Second, close collaboration between the client and consulting organizations is required throughout the course of the project. Consequently, coordination is more complex for consultant-assisted projects and is critical for project success. Drawing from coordination and agency theories and the trust literature, we developed a research model to investigate how interorganizational coordination could help build relationships based on trust and goal congruence and achieve higher project performance. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using data collected from 324 projects. The results provide strong support for the model. Interorganizational coordination was found to have the largest overall significant effect on performance. However, its effect was achieved indirectly by building trust and goal congruence and by reducing technical and requirements uncertainty. The positive effects of trust and goal congruence on project performance demonstrate the importance of managing the clientconsultant relationship in such projects. Project uncertainty, including both technical and requirements uncertainty, was found to negatively affect goal congruence and trust, as expected. This study represents a step toward the development of a new theory on the role of interorganizational coordination. © 2010 IEEE.",Agency theory | Consulting | Enterprise systems | Interorganizational coordination | Management of information systems projects | Trust,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2010-05-01,Article,"Liberatore, Matthew J.;Luo, Wenhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856820750,10.1109/SAI.2014.6918207,Detecting emotional stress during typing task with time pressure,"The adequate measurement of information system project success is a yet unsolved problem. Although researchers agree on the concept's multi-dimensionality, a generally accepted definition does still not exist. This article presents findings from a confirmatory study with 86 projects to test three alternative approaches to measure information system project success using the project managers' subjective perceptions of project success and its potential dimensions. Our results suggest that the traditional way of assessing project success is inadequate to assess the overall success of an information system project. Project management should focus on process efficiency and on best satisfying customers' needs instead of solely on keeping plans.",Adherence to planning | Customer satisfaction | Information system project success | Process efficiency | Structural equation modeling,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2011-12-01,Article,"Basten, Dirk;Joosten, Dominik;Mellis, Werner",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903986627,10.2486/indhealth.2013-0188,"Trapezius muscle load, heart rate and time pressure during day and night shift in Swiss and Japanese nurses","The aim of the present study was to analyze the activity of the trapezius muscle, the heart rate and the time pressure of Swiss and Japanese nurses during day and night shifts. The parameters were measured during a day and a night shift of 17 Swiss and 22 Japanese nurses. The observed rest time of the trapezius muscle was longer for Swiss than for Japanese nurses during both shifts. The 10th and the 50th percentile of the trapezius muscle activity showed a different effect for Swiss than for Japanese nurses. It was higher during the day shift of Swiss nurses and higher during the night shift of Japanese nurses. Heart rate was higher for both Swiss and Japanese nurses during the day. The time pressure was significantly higher for Japanese than for Swiss nurses. Over the duration of the shifts, time pressure increased for Japanese nurses and slightly decreased for those from Switzerland. Considering trapezius muscle activity and time pressure, the nursing profession was more burdening for the examined Japanese nurses than for Swiss nurses. In particular, the night shift for Japanese nurses was characterized by a high trapezius muscle activity and only few rest times for the trapezius muscle. © 2014 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.",EMG | Muscle activity | Nurse | Trapezius muscle | Workload,Industrial Health,2014-01-01,Article,"Nicoletti, Corinne;Müller, Christian;Tobita, Itoko;Nakaseko, Masaru;Läubli, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745683299,10.1109/IRI-05.2005.1506465,Acute difficulty in breathing: Diagnosis also under time pressure [Akute Atemnot: Diagnostik auch unter Zeitdruck],"The effects of information quality and the importance of information have been reported in the Information Systems (IS) literature. However, little has been learned about the impact of data quality (DQ) on decision performance. This study explores the effects of contextual DQ and task complexity on decision performance. To examine the effects of contextual DQ and task complexity, a laboratory experiment was conducted. Based on two levels of contextual DQ and two levels of task complexity, this study had a 2 x 2 factorial design. The dependent variables were problem-solving accuracy and time. The results demonstrated that the effects of contextual DQ on decision performance were significant. The findings suggest that decision makers can expect to improve their decision performance by enhancing contextual DQ. This research extends a body of research examining the effects of factors that can be tied to human decision-making performance. © 2005 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, IRI - 2005",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jung, Wonjin;Ryan, Terry;Olfman, Lorne;Park, Yong Tae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857543980,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00332.x,Too little time? Time constraints and time pressure in information search,"Organizational downsizing research indicates that downsizing does not always realize its strategic intent and may, in fact, have a detrimental impact on organizational performance. In this paper, we extend the notion that downsizing negatively impacts performance and argue that organizational downsizing can potentially be detrimental to software quality performance. Using social cognitive theory (SCT), we primarily interpret the negative impacts of downsizing on software quality performance by arguing that downsizing results in a realignment of social networks (environmental factors), thereby affecting the self-efficacy and outcome expectations of a software professional (personal factors), which, in turn, affect software quality performance (outcome of behaviour undertaken). We synthesize relevant literature from the software quality, SCT and downsizing research streams and develop a conceptual model. Two major impacts of downsizing are hypothesized in the conceptual model. First, downsizing destroys formal and informal social networks in organizations, which, in turn, negatively impacts software developers' self-efficacy and outcome expectations through their antecedents, with consequent negative impacts on software development process efficiency and software product quality, the two major components of software quality performance. Second, downsizing negatively affects antecedents of software development process efficiency, namely top management leadership, management infrastructure sophistication, process management efficacy and stakeholder participation with consequent negative impacts on software quality performance. This theoretically grounded discourse can help demonstrate how organizational downsizing can potentially impact software quality performance through key intervening constructs. We also discuss how downsizing and other intervening constructs can be managed to mitigate the negative impacts of downsizing on software quality performance. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Downsizing | Social cognitive theory | Software quality | Theory development,Information Systems Journal,2010-05-01,Article,"Ambrose, Paul J.;Chiravuri, Ananth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Evaluation of AHRQ's on-time pressure ulcer prevention program: A facilitator-assisted clinical decision support intervention for nursing homes,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888352727,10.1016/j.infsof.2013.04.005,Real-time recommendations under time pressure,"Context In the era of globally-distributed software engineering, the practice of global software testing (GST) has witnessed increasing adoption. Although there have been ethnographic studies of the development aspects of global software engineering, there have been fewer studies of GST, which, to succeed, can require dealing with unique challenges. Objective To address this limitation of existing studies, we conducted, and in this paper, report the findings of, a study of a vendor organization involved in one kind of GST practice: outsourced, offshored software testing. Method We conducted an ethnographically-informed study of three vendor-side testing teams over a period of 2 months. We used methods, such as interviews and participant observations, to collect the data and the thematic-analysis approach to analyze the data. Findings Our findings describe how the participant test engineers perceive software testing and deadline pressures, the challenges that they encounter, and the strategies that they use for coping with the challenges. The findings reveal several interesting insights. First, motivation and appreciation play an important role for our participants in ensuring that high-quality testing is performed. Second, intermediate onshore teams increase the degree of pressure experienced by the participant test engineers. Third, vendor team participants perceive productivity differently from their client teams, which results in unproductive-productivity experiences. Lastly, participants encounter quality-dilemma situations for various reasons. Conclusion The study findings suggest the need for (1) appreciating test engineers' efforts, (2) investigating the team structure's influence on pressure and the GST practice, (3) understanding culture's influence on other aspects of GST, and (4) identifying and addressing quality-dilemma situations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Global software development | Global software engineering | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2014-01-01,Article,"Shah, Hina;Harrold, Mary Jean;Sinha, Saurabh",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883666719,10.1109/HSI.2013.6577877,Finding a new way to increase project management efficiency in terms of time reduction,"In this paper a novel application of multimodal emotion recognition algorithms in software engineering is described. Several application scenarios are proposed concerning program usability testing and software process improvement. Also a set of emotional states relevant in that application area is identified. The multimodal emotion recognition method that integrates video and depth channels, physiological signals and input devices usage patterns is proposed and some preliminary results on learning set creation are described. © 2013 IEEE.",affective computing | emotion recognition | software engineering,"2013 6th International Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI 2013",2013-09-16,Conference Paper,"Kolakowska, Agata;Landowska, Agnieszka;Szwoch, Mariusz;Szwoch, Wioleta;Wrobel, Michal R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78951489612,10.1109/TEM.2010.2048914,Can willingness-to-pay values be manipulated? Evidence from an organic food experiment in China,"Bringing new products to market requires team effort. New product development teams often face demanding schedules and high deliverable expectations, making time pressure a common experience at the workplace. Past literature have generally associated the relationship between time pressure and performance based on the inverted-U model, where low and high levels of time pressure are related to poor performance. However, teams do not necessarily perform worse when the levels of time pressure are high. In contrast, there are numerous examples of high-performance teams in intense time-pressure situations. The purpose of this study is to reconcile some of the discrepancies concerning the effects of time pressure by considering the nature of stress. This study is also designed to investigate time pressure at team level - an area that is not well investigated. A model of 2-D time pressure, i.e., challenge and hindrance time pressure, was developed. Data are collected based on a two-part electronic survey from 81 new product development teams (500 respondents) in Western Europe. The results showed challenge and hindrance time pressure to improve and deteriorate team performance, respectively. At the same time, we also found team coordination to partially mediate the time-pressureteam-performance relationships. Furthermore, team identification is found to sustain team coordination, especially for teams facing hindrance time pressure. This indicates that teams that possess strong team identification could be positioned strategically in projects where time pressure is intense and where the stakes are high. Other implications with respect to theory and practice are discussed. © 2006 IEEE.",Challenge | hindrance | new product development (NPD) | performance | team | time pressure,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Chai, Kah Hin;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80855152707,10.1016/j.elerap.2010.12.002,The Benefits Of Repeated Collaboration For Team Performance In A Chinese Context,"Practical mechanisms for procurement involve bidding, negotiation, transfer payments and subsidies, and the possibility of verification of unobservable product and service quality. We model two proposed multi-stage procurement mechanisms. One focuses on the auction price that is established, and the other emphasizes price negotiation. Both also emphasize quality and offer incentives for the unobservable level of a supplier's effort, while addressing the buyer's satisfaction. Our results show that, with the appropriate incentive, which we will refer to as a quality effort bonus, the supplier will exert more effort to supply higher quality goods or services after winning the procurement auction. We also find that a mechanism incorporating price and quality negotiation improves the supply chain's surplus and generates the possibility of Pareto optimal improvement in comparison to a mechanism that emphasizes the auction price only. From the buyer's perspective though, either mechanism can dominate the other, depending on the circumstances of procurement. Thus, post-auction negotiation may not always be optimal for the buyer, although it always produces first-best goods or service quality outcomes. The buyer's choice between mechanisms will be influenced by different values of the quality effort bonus. For managers in practice, our analysis shows that it is possible to simplify the optimization procedure by using a new approach for selecting the appropriate mechanism and determining what value of the incentive for the supplier makes sense. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Auctions | Bonuses | Buyers | Economic modeling | Incentives | Information asymmetries | Mechanism design | Negotiation | Procurement | Supplier selection | Supply quality | Unobservable quality,Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,2011-11-01,Article,"Huang, He;Kauffman, Robert J.;Xu, Hongyan;Zhao, Lan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71049155462,10.1109/ICGSE.2009.24,When brain and behavior disagree: Tackling systematic label noise in EEG data with machine learning,"The impact of distribution on global software development project is well established. Most of the empirical work has focused of a single dimension of distribution such as geographical distance or difference in time zones across locations, leaving other important dimensions of distribution unexplored. In this paper, we take a multi-dimensional view of distribution. In particular, we examined the impact of the nature of the distribution of development teams as well as the nature of the distribution of work on project quality using data from 189 distributed software development projects. Our analysis revealed that projects with uneven distributions of developers across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions. Similarly, projects with uneven distributions of development effort across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions. global software development, distributed software development, software quality, geographical dispersion. © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 4th IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, ICGSE 2009",2009-11-16,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Nambiar, Sangeeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871476650,10.1287/isre.1110.0391,The relationship between audit report lags and future restatements,"Online advertising has transformed the advertising industry with its measurability and accountability. Online software and services supported by online advertising is becoming a reality as evidenced by the success of Google and its initiatives. Therefore, the choice of a pricing model for advertising becomes a critical issue for these firms. We present a formal model of pricing models in online advertising using the principal-agent framework to study the two most popular pricing models: input-based cost per thousand impressions (CPM) and performance-based cost per click-through (CPC). We identify four important factors that affect the preference of CPM to the CPC model, and vice versa. In particular, we highlight the interplay between uncertainty in the decision environment, value of advertising, cost of mistargeting advertisements, and alignment of incentives. These factors shed light on the preferred online-advertising pricing model for publishers and advertisers under different market conditions. © 2012 INFORMS.",Asymmetric information | Cost per click (CPC) | Cost per impression (CPM) | Delegation | Online advertising | Pricing models | Principal-agent model,Information Systems Research,2012-01-01,Article,"Asdemir, Kursad;Kumar, Nanda;Jacob, Varghese S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,Swedish parents' activities together with their children and children's health: A study of children aged 2-17 years,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901693212,10.1080/13645579.2013.799255,The effect of busyness on survey participation: Being too busy or feeling too busy to cooperate?,"'I am too busy' is one of the most commonly cited reasons for people not to participate in survey research. Yet, empirical data on the association between 'busyness' and survey participation are scarce, due to a lack of data on busyness or time pressure among the non-respondents. This article sets off with an overview of the strategies and types of auxiliary data that can be used to assess the effects of busyness on survey participation. Then, using data of a two-wave SCV/ISSP-survey of 2002 that includes an elaborate section on time use and combining work and family life, we employ survey variables of the first wave to investigate effects of busyness on survey participation in the second wave. Interestingly, we find that the subjective experience of busyness - feeling too busy - has a significant effect on participation, whereas more objective measures of busyness do not. © 2013 © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",auxiliary data | combination pressure | survey participation | time pressure | work-family balance,International Journal of Social Research Methodology,2014-01-01,Article,"Vercruyssen, Anina;Roose, Henk;Carton, Ann;Van De Putte, Bart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67651100636,10.1016/j.im.2009.03.003,Emergency purchasing situations: Implications for consumer decision-making,"Improving project performance is an important objective in IS project management. In consultant-assisted IS projects, however, consulting organizations may have additional objectives, such as knowledge acquisition and future business growth. In this study, we examined the relationship between client and consultant objectives and the role of coordination in affecting the achievement of these objectives. A research model was developed and tested using 199 consultant-assisted projects. The results showed that the achievement of consultant objectives was dependent upon the achievement of client objectives and that coordination had a positive impact on both client and consultant objectives. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Consultant-assisted projects | Consulting | Enterprise systems | Interorganizational coordination | Management of IS projects,Information and Management,2009-06-01,Article,"Luo, Wenhong;Liberatore, Matthew J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68949217329,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2007.00273.x,Relationship between frustration justification and vehicle control behaviors - A simulator study,"This paper offers an insight into the games software development process from a time perspective by drawing on an in-depth study in a games development organization. The wider market for computer games now exceeds the annual global revenues of cinema. We have, however, only a limited scholarly understanding of how games studios produce games. Games projects require particular attention because their context is unique. Drawing on a case study, the paper offers a theoretical conceptualization of the development process of creative software, such as games software. We found that the process, as constituted by the interactions of developers, oscillates between two modes of practice: routinized and improvised, which sediment and flux the working rhythms in the context. This paper argues that while we may predeterminately lay down the broad stages of creative software development, the activities that constitute each stage, and the transition criteria from one to the next, may be left to the actors in the moment, to the temporality of the situation as it emerges. If all development activities are predefined, as advocated in various process models, this may leave little room for opportunity and the creative fruits that flow from opportunity, such as enhanced features, aesthetics and learning. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Computer game | Software development process | Temporal structure,Information Systems Journal,2009-09-01,Article,"Stacey, Patrick;Nandhakumar, Joe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57849166174,10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.001,Decision time and steps of reasoning in a competitive market entry game,"This empirical study investigates the relationship between schedules and knowledge transfer in software testing. In our exploratory survey, statistical analysis indicated that increased knowledge transfer between testing and earlier phases of software development was associated with testing schedule over-runs. A qualitative case study was conducted to interpret this result. We found that this relationship can be explained with the size and complexity of software, knowledge management issues, and customer involvement. We also found that the primary strategies for avoiding testing schedule over-runs were reducing the scope of testing, leaving out features from the software, and allocating more resources to testing. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Case study | Knowledge transfer | Schedule over-runs | Software testing | Survey,Information and Software Technology,2009-03-01,Article,"Karhu, Katja;Taipale, Ossi;Smolander, Kari",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053975025,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00846.x,Challenges in procurement of engineering services in project business,"At the start of any project, new product development (NPD) teams must make accurate decisions about development time, development costs, and product performance. Such profit-maximizing decision making becomes particularly difficult when the project runs behind schedule and requires intervention decisions too. To simplify their decision making, NPD teams often use heuristics instead of comprehensive assessments of trade-offs among the aforementioned metrics. This study employs a simulation based on a system dynamics approach to examine the effectiveness of different decision heuristics (i.e., time, cost, and product performance). The results show that teams are better off if they decide to intervene rather than do nothing (escalation of commitment), but in making these interventions there is no single best decision heuristic. The most effective interventions combine decision heuristics, and the most effective combination is a function of the development time elapsed. For teams that discover schedule problems relatively early on in the development process, the best possible intervention is to increase both team size and product performance (combining the time and product performance heuristic). When teams discover schedule problems relatively late, the best intervention option is to decrease product performance and increase team size (combining the time and cost heuristic). In both situations, however, the best intervention combines two heuristics, with a trade-off across time, cost, and performance. In other words, trading off three project objectives outperforms trading off only two of them. These findings contribute to the extant literature by suggesting that, when the project is behind schedule, the choice extends beyond just escalating or de-escalating commitment to initial project objectives. Other than sticking to a losing course of action or cutting losses, there is an alternative: Commit to renewing the project. In this case, project lateness represents an opportunity to reformulate project objectives in response to new market information, which may lead to new product ideas and increased product performance. © 2011 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Langerak, Fred;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858739008,10.1109/esem.2011.32,Medical team handoffs: Current and future directions Keaton A. Fletcher (University of South Florida),"In most cases, software projects exceed their estimated effort. It is often assumed that inaccurate estimates are the main reason for these overruns. Contrarily, our results show that this assumption is not reasonable in many cases. We conducted a survey to gather data on the current situation of software development effort estimation. Apart from objective criteria, we also asked the participants for their subjective perceptions of the estimates. The participants' perceptions indicate that they do not agree with the objective assessments as 82% perceive their estimate as 'good' despite large overruns and provide reasonable arguments for their perceptions. Furthermore, many projects do not re-estimate the effort due to change requests leading to meaningless comparisons of estimated and actual effort. As a consequence, research needs to find new measures to assess the actual estimation accuracy. Besides the actual estimation process, professionals need to intensify their effort to manage the estimation processes' surroundings. © 2011 IEEE.",Effort estimation | Questionnaire survey | Software development,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Basten, Dirk;Mellis, Werner",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925623170,10.1037/a0037127,Unfinished tasks foster rumination and impair sleeping - Particularly if leaders have high performance expectations,"This study examines the relationship between time pressure and unfinished tasks as work stressors on employee well-being. Relatively little is known about the effect of unfinished tasks on well-being. Specifically, excluding the impact of time pressure, we examined whether the feeling of not having finished the week's tasks fosters perseverative cognitions and impairs sleep. Additionally, we proposed that leader performance expectations moderate these relationships. In more detail, we expected the detrimental effect of unfinished tasks on both rumination and sleep would be enhanced if leader expectations were perceived to be high. In total, 89 employees filled out online diary surveys both before and after the weekend over a 5-week period. Multilevel growth modeling revealed that time pressure and unfinished tasks impacted rumination and sleep on the weekend. Further, our results supported our hypothesis that unfinished tasks explain unique variance in the dependent variables above and beyond the influence of time pressure. Moreover, we found the relationship between unfinished tasks and both rumination and sleep was moderated by leader performance expectations. Our results emphasize the importance of unfinished tasks as a stressor and highlight that leadership, specifically in the form of performance expectations, contributes significantly to the strength of this relationship.",Leadership | Performance expectations | Sleep | Unfinished tasks | Work-related rumination,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2014-01-01,Article,"Syrek, Christine J.;Antoni, Conny H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877277816,10.4018/jhcitp.2012070105,Gender inequalities in the health of immigrants and workplace discrimination in Czechia,"This article introduces measures to improve theoretical knowledge and managerial practice about the participation of teams in customized information systems software (CISS) projects. The focus is onpeople traits of the customer team (CuTe), that is, professionals from the client organization that contracts CISS projects who assume specific business and information technology roles in partnerships with external developers, given that both in-house and outsourced teams share project authority and responsibility. A systematic literature review based on a particular perspective of the socio-technical approach to the work systems enabled the compilation of measures that account for people traits assumed to improve CuTe performance. The resulting framework contributes to a much needed theory on the management of knowledge workers, especially to help plan, control, assess, and make historical records of CuTe design and performance in CISS projects. Copyright © 2012, IGI Global.",Customer teams | Information systems development | Knowledge work management | Personal traits | Socio-technical design | Team performance,International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals,2012-07-01,Article,"Bellini, Carlo Gabriel Porto;Pereira, Rita De Cássia De Faria;Becker, João Luiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930855050,10.1007/978-88-470-5388-5_9,Stress and sleepiness in the 24-h society,"In the 24-h Society we are able to do everything at any hour of day and night, both at work and at social level. Time has become the main dimension of human activities, and time pressure is one of the main characteristics of our daily life, as a consequence of the just-in-time culture, where we act as producers and customers at the same time. It is necessary to reflect upon the notion and value of time, to reconsider its use and relationships with home, work, and leisure activities, and to re-evaluate what is the cost/benefit ratio in terms of physical and psychological health, family life, and social well-being. Stress and anxiety are major causes for sleepiness in modern life, characterized by constant time pressure, high competition, inappropriate lifestyles, social conflicts, socioeconomic problems in all age groups. According to the different living circumstances and personal characteristics, individuals may significantly differ in their response to stressors, while some can be more vulnerable than others in relation to age, gender, personality, behavior, life events, and health. There is an increasing evidence of reduced rest and sleep periods not only related to irregular working hours, but also to a misuse of free time.",24-h society | Burnout | Distress | Effort | Job control | Job demand | Reward | Social support | Time pressure | Work strain,Sleepiness and human impact assessment,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Costa, Giovanni",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10444263001,10.4018/irmj.2005010102,Risk taking under stress: The role(s) of self-selection. A comment on Buckert et al. (2014),"This paper draws upon Normal Accident Theory and the Theory of High Reliability Organizations to examine the potential impacts of Information Technology being used as a target in terrorist and other malicious attacks. The paper also argues that Information Technology can also be used as a shield to prevent further attacks and mitigate their impact if they should occur. A Target and Shield model is developed, which extends Normal Accident Theory to encompass secondary effects, change and feedback loops to prevent future accidents. The Target and Shield model is applied to the Y2K problem and the emerging threats and initiatives in the Post 9/11 environment.",Computer privacy | Computer security | Normal accident theory | Post 9/11 | Target and shield model | Terrorism | Theory of high reliability organizations | Y2K,Information Resources Management Journal,2005-01-01,Article,"Lally, Laura",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974612436,10.1002/9781118959312,A reappraisal of the 4/3/2 activity,This book introduces theoretical concepts to explain the fundamentals of the design and evaluation of software estimation models. It provides software professionals with vital information on the best software management software out there. End-of-chapter exercises Over 100 figures illustrating the concepts presented throughout the book Examples incorporated with industry data.,,Software Project Estimation: The Fundamentals for Providing High Quality Information to Decision Makers,2015-04-27,Book,"Abran, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149475058,10.1109/PacificVis.2014.35,Traffic origins: A simple visualization technique to support traffic incident analysis,"It is the thesis of this paper that queuing theory should take into account not just the behavior of customers in queues, but also the behavior of servers. Servers may change their behavior in response to queue length, which has implications for service quality as well as for customer waiting time. Parkinson's Law would be one explanation of any speed-up effect as queue length increases. We provide empirical evidence for this assertion in one queuing situation with high visibility and high error consequence: security screening at an airport.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marin, Clara V.;Drury, Colin G.;Batta, Rajan;Lin, Li",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903534022,10.1007/978-3-319-07854-0_102,Controlling Switching Pause Using an AR Agent for Interactive CALL System,"We are developing a voice-interactive CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning) system to provide more opportunity for better English conversation exercise. There are several types of CALL system, we focus on a spoken dialogue system for dialogue practice. When the user makes an answer to the system's utterance, timing of making the answer utterance could be unnatural because the system usually does not make any reaction when the user keeps silence, and therefore the learner tends to take more time to make an answer to the system than that to the human counterpart. However, there is no framework to suppress the pause and practice an appropriate pause duration. In this research, we did an experiment to investigate the effect of presence of the AR character to analyze the effect of character as a counterpart itself. In addition, we analyzed the pause between the two person's utterances (switching pause). The switching pause is related to the smoothness of its conversation. Moreover, we introduced a virtual character realized by AR (Augmented Reality) as a counterpart of the dialogue to control the switching pause. Here, we installed the character the behavior of ""time pressure"" to prevent the learner taking long time to consider the utterance. To verify if the expression is effective for controlling switching pause, we designed an experiment. The experiment was conducted with or without the expression. Consequently, we found that the switching pause duration became significantly shorter when the agent made the time-pressure expression. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.",Augmented reality | Computer-assisted language learning | English learning | Spoken dialogue system | Switching pause,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Suzuki, Naoto;Nose, Takashi;Ito, Akinori;Hiroi, Yutaka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901987407,10.1007/3-540-60973-3_77,"The performance-variability paradox, financial decision making, and the curious case of negative hurst exponents","This study examined the relationship between performance variability and actual performance of financial decision makers who were working under experimental conditions of increasing workload and fatigue. The rescaled range statistic, also known as the Hurst exponent (H) was used as an index of variabil-ity. Although H is defined as having a range between 0 and 1, 45% of the 172 time series generated by undergraduates were negative. Participants in the study chose the optimum investment out of sets of 3 to 5 options that were pre-sented a series of 350 displays. The sets of options varied in both the complexity of the options and number of options under simultaneous consideration. One experimental condition required participants to make their choices within 15 sec, and the other condition required them to choose within 7.5 sec. Results showed that (a) negative H was possible and not a result of psychometric error (b) negative H was associated with negative autocorrelations in a time series. (c) H was the best predictor of performance of the variables studied (d) three other significant predictors were scores on an anagrams test and ratings of physical demands and performance demands (e) persistence as evidenced by the autocorrelations was associated with ratings of greater time pressure. It was concluded, furthermore, that persistence and overall performance were correlated, that ""healthy"" variability only exists within a limited range, and other individual differences related to ability and resistance to stress or fatigue are also involved in the prediction of performance. © 2014 Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences.",Dynamic criteria | Fatigue | Financial decisions | Hurst exponent | Stress | Time pressure,"Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences",2014-01-01,Article,"Guastello, Stephen J.;Reiter, Katherine;Shircel, Anton;Timm, Paul;Malon, Matthew;Fabisch, Megan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904490195,10.1177/0146167214530436,Efficient kill-save ratios ease up the cognitive demands on counterintuitive moral utilitarianism,"The dual-process model of moral judgment postulates that utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas (e.g., accepting to kill one to save five) are demanding of cognitive resources. Here we show that utilitarian responses can become effortless, even when they involve to kill someone, as long as the kill-save ratio is efficient (e.g., 1 is killed to save 500). In Experiment 1, participants responded to moral dilemmas featuring different kill-save ratios under high or low cognitive load. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants responded at their own pace or under time pressure. Efficient kill-save ratios promoted utilitarian responding and neutered the effect of load or time pressure. We discuss whether this effect is more easily explained by a parallel-activation model or by a default-interventionist model. © 2014 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.",Cognitive load | Moral cognition | Time pressure | Utilitarianism,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2014-07-01,Article,"Trémolière, Bastien;Bonnefon, Jean François",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149458670,10.1504/IJASS.2014.065692,Student's online learning acceptance rate,"Violations present a path to medical injury that has, thus far, been largely unexplored. This paper focuses on violations of three medication administration protocols and tests the hypothesis that if current processes for completing these tasks are neither easy nor useful, or if there is dissatisfaction with the tasks, then violations will be more likely. Survey data were collected from 199 nurses in the pediatric intensive care units, hematology-oncology-transplant units, and medical-surgical units at two pediatric hospitals. The results of the logistic regressions did not support the hypothesis, though several significant predictors of violations were found. The predictors of violations, possible reasons the hypotheses were not supported, and considerations for measuring violations are discussed.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Alper, Samuel J.;Holden, Richard J.;Scanlon, Matthew C.;Kaushal, Rainu;Shalaby, Theresa M.;Karsh, Ben Tzion",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869760063,10.1680/muen.13.00009,Public engagement in major projects: The Hong Kong experience,"The effects of information quality and the importance of information have been reported in the Information Systems literature. However, little has been learned about the impact of data quality (DQ) on decision performance. Representational DQ means that data must be interpretable, easy to understand, and represented concisely and consistently. This study explores the effects of representational DQ and task complexity on decision performance by conducting a laboratory experiment. Based on two levels of representational DQ and two levels of task complexity, this study had a 2 x 2 factorial design. The dependent variables were problem-solving accuracy and time. The results demonstrated that the effects of representational DQ on decision performance were significant. The findings suggest that decision makers can expect to improve their decision performance by enhancing representational DQ. This research extends a body of research examining the effects of factors that can be tied to human decision-making performance.",Decision performance | Representational data quality | Task complexity,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jung, Wonjin;Ryan, Terry;Olfman, Lorne;Park, Yong Tae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1109/ICSME.2014.31,An exploratory study on self-admitted technical debt,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940242573,10.1037/mil0000032,The octopus approach in time management: Polychronicity and creativity,"The current study examined the associations among polychronicity, creativity and perceived time pressure in a military context. Polychronicity refers to an individual's preference for working on many tasks simultaneously as opposed to 1 at a time. As hypothesized, polychronicity was negatively related to creativity. In addition, perceived time pressure moderated this relationship. Specifically, polychronic individuals exhibited less creativity when their perceived time pressure was high. The results underscore that, although today's work environment encourages polychronic approach, it, when reinforced with perceived high time pressure, runs the risk of reducing creativity, which is a critical driver for the survival of organizations. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Creativity | Monochronicity | Polychronicity | Time pressure,Military Psychology,2014-01-01,Article,"Kayaalp, Alper",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919385445,10.13085/eIJTUR.11.1.1-12,Social status differentiation of leisure activities variation over the weekend-Approaching the voraciousness thesis by a sequence complexity measure,"Sullivan and Katz-Gerro (2007) as well as Katz-Gerro and Sullivan (2010) argues that engaging in a variety of leisure activities with high frequency is a distinct feature of omnivorous cultural consumption. And like omnivorousness it bears a status-distinctive characteristic. The authors reported, that high status social categories show a more voracious leisure time-use pattern, i.e. engage in a greater number of activities with higher frequency over the period of one week. In this paper we are examining the voraciousness thesis by utilizing a newly proposed measure of activities variety, namely the sequence complexity index, which is developed by Gabadinho et al., 2011. Using data from German Time Use Survey (2000/2001) we focus on cultural leisure activities reported for the weekend. Our results show that complexity as a measure of time-related variety captures significant social differentiation of leisure activities over the weekend. But our complexity-based findings do not support that, that voraciousness understood as high levels of time used for varied leisure activities is also significant at weekend. Beyond that the results support the assumption, that there is social structural framing of a Saturday, where gender, age and marital statues effects on leisure variation come into effect.",Complexity | Germany | Leisure | Social inequality | Time pressure | Time use,Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research,2014-12-01,Article,"Papastefanou, Georgios;Gruhler, Jonathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890835807,10.1016/0950-5849(88)90100-0,"Innovative cognitive style, proactive personality and employee creativity: The moderating effects of work discretion and time pressure","This paper aims to examine the influence of innovative cognitive style, proactive personality and working conditions on employee creativity by taking an interactional perspective. Innovative cognitive style refers to individual's idiosyncrasy of thinking about and dealing with original idea, while proactive personality conceptualizes individual's strategic opportunity-seeking behaviors toward exploring novelty. Work discretion and time pressure, two critical contextual factors suggested to impact employee creativity in organizational literature, may also influence how individuals convert their innovative cognitive style and proactive personality into creativity. In an attempt to extend current understanding of creativity in organizations, this study examines the relationship between individual characteristics (innovativeness and proactiveness) and employee creativity, and how the relationship is moderated by work discretion and time pressure. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the proposed hypotheses for a sample of 344 middle-level managers in Taiwanese manufacturing companies, including R&D managers and marketing managers. Results reveal that innovative cognitive style and proactive personality are positively related to employee creativity. Work discretion was found to enhance employee creativity while time pressure was found to constrain creativity. Our findings support the hypothesized moderating effects, indicating that employees will exhibit the highest level of creativity when they possess innovative cognitive style and proactive personality as well as performing tasks with high work discretion and less time pressure. © 2013 PICMET.",,2013 Proceedings of PICMET 2013: Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services,2013-12-26,Conference Paper,"Chang, Yu Yu;Chen, Ming Huei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890819395,10.1007/978-3-642-02152-7_8,On emergency management: Tools used for analyzing findings of a Delphi study,"Emergency managers need to make decisions, often with important consequences, under stress and time pressure. When dealing with disasters, identifying hazards, analyzing risks, developing mitigation and response plans, maintaining situational awareness, and supporting response and recovery are complex responsibilities. To implement adequate mitigation measures, emergency managers must make sense of the situation, although information may be lacking, uncertain or conflicting. In order to take effective actions in a disaster, actors are expected to work smoothly together, thus the flow of information is crucial. In this paper we describe a Delphi study on the topic and present two tools used for analyzing the findings of the study. We also discuss computer-assisted qualitative data analysis and the findings of the study, focusing on the better flow of information and interoperability of information systems and organizations. © 2013 PICMET.",,2013 Proceedings of PICMET 2013: Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services,2013-12-26,Conference Paper,"Laakso, Kimmo;Ahokas, Ira",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890070108,10.1016/j.procs.2013.10.043,A cognitively inspired heuristic for two-armed bandit problems: The loosely symmetric (LS) model,"We examine a model of human causal cognition, which generally deviates from normative systems such as classical logic and probability theory. For two-armed bandit problems, we demonstrate the efficacy of our loosely symmetric model (LS) and its implementation of two cognitive biases peculiar to humans: symmetry and mutual exclusivity. Specifically, we use LS as a simple value function within the framework of reinforcement learning. The resulting cognitively biased valuations precisely describe human causal intuitions. We further show that operating LS under the simplest greedy policy yields superior reliability and robustness, even managing to overcome the usual speed-accuracy trade-off, and effectively removing the need for parameter tuning. © 2013 The Authors.",biconditional reading | causal induction | exploration- exploitation dilemma | mutual exclusivity | n-armed bandit problem | reinforcement learning | speed-accuracy tradeoff | symmetry,Procedia Computer Science,2013-12-16,Conference Paper,"Oyo, Kuratomo;Takahashi, Tatsuji",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897665817,10.1016/j.dss.2013.10.002,The effects of image set size and time pressure on human performance and mental workload in a cyber image search task,"Organizing knowledge workers for specific tasks in a software development process is critical for the success of software projects. Assigning workforce in software projects represents a dynamic and complex problem that concerns the utilization of cross-trained knowledge workers who possess different productivities and error tendencies in coding and defect correction. This complexity is further compounded when the development process follows a software release life cycle and involves major releases of alpha, beta, and final versions in the context of iterative software development. We study this knowledge workforce problem from three essential project management perspectives: (1) timeliness - obtaining shortest development time; (2) effectiveness - satisfying budget constraint; and (3) efficiency - achieving high workforce utilization. We explore ideal workforce composites with two strategic focuses on productivity and quality and with different scenarios of workload ratios. An analytical model is formulated and a meta-heuristic approach based on particle swarm optimization is used to derive solutions in a simulation experiment. Our findings suggest that forming an ideal workforce composite is a non-trivial task and task assignments with divergent focuses for software projects under different workload scenarios require different planning strategies. Practical implications are drawn from our findings to provide insight on effectively planning workforce for software projects with specific goals and considerations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Iterative software development | Knowledge management | Particle swarm optimization | Simulations | Task assignment | Workforce management,Decision Support Systems,2014-03-01,Article,"Shao, Benjamin B.M.;Yin, Peng Yeng;Chen, Andrew N.K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949874829,10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.006,Task shedding and control performance as a function of perceived automation reliability and time pressure,"This paper presents an initial test of the group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model of group task performance among IT students. We theorize that demands and resources in group work influence formation of perceived group work pressure (GWP) and that heightened levels of GWP inhibit group task performance. A prior study identified 11 factors relating to the task, group, individual, or environment as source factors to GWP. We extended this research by creating and validating scales for each source factor within an integrated GWP instrument. We then applied the instrument in an initial test of the GTD-R model. Results show the GTD-R model provides good predictions of GWP and group task performance. In addition we find GWP, task complexity, and time pressure factors to be higher in IT tasks vs. non-IT tasks described by our student participants. The findings extend demands-resources research from its prior focus on job burnout and exhaustion in individual tasks to incorporate less-intense pressure levels and group task contexts. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Consequences | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,Computers and Education,2010-08-01,Article,"Wilson, E. Vance;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938873635,10.1080/07421222.2014.995563,Influence of personality factors and time pressure on human performance when using digital interfaces,"Programming is riddled with ethical issues. Although extant literature explains why individuals in IT would act unethically in many situations, we know surprisingly little about what causes them to do so during the creative act of programming. To address this issue, we look at the reuse of Internet-accessible code: software source code legally available for gratis download from the Internet. Specifically, we scrutinize the reasons why individuals would unethically reuse such code by not checking or purposefully violating its accompanying license obligations, thus risking harm for their employer. By integrating teleological and deontological ethical judgments into a theory of planned behavior model - using elements of expected utility, deterrence, and ethical work climate theory - we construct an original theoretical framework to capture individuals' decision-making process leading to the unethical reuse of Internet-accessible code. We test this framework with a unique survey of 869 professional software developers. Our findings advance the theoretical and practical understanding of ethical behavior in information systems. We show that programmers use consequentialist ethical judgments when carrying out creative tasks and that ethical work climates influence programmers indirectly through their peers' judgment of what is appropriate behavior. For practice, where code reuse promises substantial efficiency and quality gains, our results highlight that firms can prevent unethical code reuse by informing developers of its negative consequences, building a work climate that fosters compliance with laws and professional codes, and making sure that excessive time pressure is avoided.",code reuse | ethical behavior | information systems ethics | Internet-accessible code | open source software | partial least squares | programming ethics | theory of planned behavior,Journal of Management Information Systems,2014-07-03,Article,"Sojer, Manuel;Alexy, Oliver;Kleinknecht, Sven;Henkel, Joachim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896866548,10.1177/1541931213571013,Shift turnover strategy and time in aviation maintenance,"Software development project and the different phases within the project are constantly improved over the decade with the various methods, approaches and the best practice in the software design development. Stream line development and the One track are method aiming at raising the quality of software product releases by minimising number of faults at the time of delivery. Component software quality has a major influence in development project lead-time and cost. The resulting design delivery to verification phase will be more predictable quality software with shorter lead-time and Time-To-Market (TTM).",,MIPRO 2009 - 32nd International Convention Proceedings: Telecommunications and Information,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hribar, Lovre;Sapunar, Stanko;Burilović, Ante",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889862995,10.1177/1541931213571036,The effects of affect and inspection duration on decision time and confidence,"A variety of factors modify decision making behavior. The current study examines how affective state and inspection duration impact decision time and decision confidence in a simulated luggage screening paradigm. Participants (N=200), from each of three ""affect"" groups-primed for anger, fear, or sadness- And a control group were tasked with detecting weapon targets with inspection durations of either two seconds (high time pressured inspection) or six seconds (low time pressured inspection). Results revealed a main effect for inspection duration on decision time, such that participants with more highly time-pressured inspections had longer decision latencies after the luggage image timed out. There were also main effects for inspection duration and affective condition on decision confidence, such that participants in the low time pressure group had greater decision confidence and participants in the fear group had lower decision confidence than those in the control group. Copyright 2013 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2013-12-13,Conference Paper,"Culley, Kimberly E.;Liechty, Molly M.;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889823351,10.1177/1541931213571169,Predicting task-related properties of mental workload with ACT-R cognitive architecture,"In this paper, a methodology with ACT-R cognitive architecture is proposed to quantitatively predict task-related properties that influence mental workload. A mathematical representation of task-related properties over time with respect to an activated time of each module from ACT-R is proposed in this paper. Experiments were performed on menu selection and visual-manual tasks, varied by task difficulty and time pressure. As a result, it was found that predicted values of each task-related property, consisting of physical demand, mental demand, and temporal demand of NASA-TLX achieved by the proposed method, were highly correlated with mean values of subjective rating from subjects. Copyright 2013 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2013-12-13,Conference Paper,"Park, Sungjin;Myung, Rohae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930248085,10.1007/978-3-319-04486-6_14,Flexibility of orthographic and graphomotor coordination during a handwritten copy task: Effect of time pressure,"This chapter introduces students to general concepts and theoretical foundations of managing risks induced by developing and using information technology (IT risks). This chapter first provides an overview of the broad nature of IT risks. We introduce categories of IT risks to illustrate its diverse and heterogeneous causes and consequences as well as possible strategies required to balance the risks and benefits of information systems. Second, we illustrate the interdisciplinary challenges that come with managing IT risks on the most researched form of IT risk, namely IT project risks. We discuss the subjectivity of IT risks, various IT risk assessment techniques, outline the process of managing IT project risks, and introduce the dynamics of IT project risks. Third, we present five perspectives on IT risks as a fruitful lens to structure the variety of topics in IT risk research. Using these five perspectives as a framework, we present the most frequently cited IT risk research papers and theories. We conclude with an IT risk research agenda that posits worthwhile avenues for advancing the understanding and control of IT risks.",Information systems | Information technology | IT projects | IT risk | IT risk management,Risk - A Multidisciplinary Introduction,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Schermann, Michael;Wiesche, Manuel;Hoermann, Stefan;Krcmar, Helmut",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888345284,10.1155/2013/420169,Computer breakdown as a stress factor during task completion under time pressure: Identifying gender differences based on skin conductance,"In today's society, as computers, the Internet, and mobile phones pervade almost every corner of life, the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on humans is dramatic. The use of ICT, however, may also have a negative side. Human interaction with technology may lead to notable stress perceptions, a phenomenon referred to as technostress. An investigation of the literature reveals that computer users' gender has largely been ignored in technostress research, treating users as ""gender-neutral."" To close this significant research gap, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which we investigated users' physiological reaction to the malfunctioning of technology. Based on theories which explain that men, in contrast to women, are more sensitive to ""achievement stress,"" we predicted that male users would exhibit higher levels of stress than women in cases of system breakdown during the execution of a human-computer interaction task under time pressure, if compared to a breakdown situation without time pressure. Using skin conductance as a stress indicator, the hypothesis was confirmed. Thus, this study shows that user gender is crucial to better understanding the influence of stress factors such as computer malfunctions on physiological stress reactions. © 2013 René Riedl et al.",,Advances in Human-Computer Interaction,2013-12-02,Article,"Riedl, René;Kindermann, Harald;Auinger, Andreas;Javor, Andrija",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888853021,10.1016/j.humov.2013.07.007,Effects of speed and accuracy strategy on choice step execution in response to the flanker interference task,"The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a speed or accuracy strategy on response interference control during choice step execution. Eighteen healthy young participants were instructed to execute forward stepping on the side indicated by a central arrow (←, left vs. →, right) under task instructions that either emphasized speed or accuracy of response in the neutral condition. In the flanker condition, they were additionally required to ignore the 2 flanking arrows on each side (→→→→→, congruent or →→←→→, incongruent). Errors in the direction of the initial weight transfer (APA errors) and the step execution times were measured from the vertical force data. APA error was increased in response to the flanker task and step execution time was shortened with a speed strategy compared to an accuracy strategy. Furthermore, in response to the visual interference of the flanker task, speed instructions in particular increased APA errors more than other instructions. It may be important to manipulate the level of the speed-accuracy trade-off to improve efficiency and safety. Further research is needed to explore the effects of advancing age and disability on choice step reaction in a speed or accuracy strategy. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Attention | Executive function | Postural control | Reaction time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Human Movement Science,2013-12-01,Article,"Uemura, Kazuki;Oya, Toshihisa;Uchiyama, Yasushi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-47849095898,10.1109/PICMET.2007.4349537,How soon is now? Theorizing temporality in information systems research,"Increasingly, consulting firms are employed by client organizations to participate in the implementation of enterprise systems projects. Such consultant-assisted IS projects differ from internal and outsourced IS projects in two important respects. First, the joint project team consists of members from client and consulting organizations that may have conflicting goals and incompatible work practices. Second, close collaboration between the client and consulting organizations is required throughout the course of the project. Consequently, coordination is more complex for consultant-assisted projects and is critical for project success. Drawing from coordination and agency theories, we developed a research model to investigate how client-consultant coordination can help build relationships based on trust and goal congruence and achieve higher project performance. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using data collected from 324 projects. The results provide strong support for the model. Client-consultant coordination was found to have the largest overall significant effect on performance. However, its effect was achieved indirectly by building trust and goal congruence and reducing requirements uncertainty. The positive effects of trust and goal congruence on project performance demonstrate the importance of managing the client-consultant relationship in such projects. Project uncertainty, including both technical and requirements uncertainty, was found to negatively affect project performance, as expected. This study represents a step towards the development of a new theory on the role of interorganizational coordination. © 2007 PICMET.",,Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Liberatore, Matthew J.;Wenhong, Luo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905965277,10.1080/1359432X.2012.704155,The long arm of time pressure at work: Cognitive failure and commuting near-accidents,"Demands and resources of the work experience have been shown to be important antecedents to development of job burnout and exhaustion among individual workers, and a recent line of research has applied the demands-resources perspective to model pressures that can arise in group work. We conducted a study of the group task demands-resources model to extend testing from information technology (IT) student group settings-where the model was developed-to the context of group work among IT professionals. We find that most antecedents in the model are predictive of group work pressure or task performance satisfaction, however, several important differences emerged in findings between prior tests with IT students and the IT professionals we surveyed in this study.",IT workgroups | Stress | Work pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Djamasbi, Soussan;Sheetz, Steven D.;Webber, Joanna",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84960112978,10.1016/j.infsof.2016.01.002,Being Under Time Pressure: The Case of Workers with Disabilities,"Context Software testing is the key to ensuring a successful and reliable software product or service, yet testing is often considered uninteresting work compared to design or coding. As any human-based activity, the outcome of the final software product is dependent of human factors and an essential challenge for software development organizations is to find effective ways to enhance the motivation and job-satisfaction of their testers. Objective Our study aims to cast light on how professional software testers can be motivated and we explore the policies and rules conceptualized and implemented inside software development projects. Method This paper presents the results of an empirical study that collected data through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 36 practitioners from 12 companies in Norway. The data collection was performed over a two years period and investigates the strategies applied by the companies for stimulating their testers, while considering the motivational and de-motivational factors influencing the testing personnel. Results Our results provide a set of motivational and de-motivational factors for software testing personnel and present the strategies deployed by the companies for stimulating their testing staff. Conclusions The study shows that combining testing responsibilities with development and ensuring a variety of engaging, challenging tasks and products does increase the satisfaction of testing personnel. However, despite the systematic and sincere effort invested in recognizing the importance of testing and motivating the testers, heavy emphasis is laid on minimizing project costs and duration. The results could help the companies in organizing and managing processes and stimulate their testing personnel, which will lead to better job satisfaction and productivity.",Human factors | Management | Motivation | Software development | Software testing | Testers,Information and Software Technology,2016-05-01,Article,"Deak, Anca;Stålhane, Tor;Sindre, Guttorm",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84968718655,10.1287/mnsc.2015.2196,"""It was an education in portion size"". Experience of eating a healthy diet and barriers to long term dietary change","Enterprise software systems are required to be highly reliable because they are central to the business operations of most firms. However, configuring and maintaining these systems can be highly complex, making it challenging to achieve high reliability. Resource-constrained software teams facing business pressures can be tempted to take design shortcuts in order to deliver business functionality more quickly. These design shortcuts and other maintenance activities contribute to the accumulation of technical debt, that is, a buildup of software maintenance obligations that need to be addressed in the future. We model and empirically analyze the impact of technical debt on system reliability by utilizing a longitudinal data set spanning the 10-year life cycle of a commercial enterprise system deployed at 48 different client firms. We use a competing risks analysis approach to discern the interdependency between client and vendor maintenance activities. This allows us to assess the effect of both problematic client modifications (client errors) and software errors present in the vendor-supplied platform (vendor errors) on system failures. We also examine the relative effects of modular and architectural maintenance activities undertaken by clients in order to analyze the dynamics of technical debt reduction. The results of our analysis first establish that technical debt decreases the reliability of enterprise systems. Second, modular maintenance targeted to reduce technical debt was approximately 53% more effective than architectural maintenance in reducing the probability of a system failure due to client errors, but it had the side effect of increasing the chance of a system failure due to vendor errors by approximately 83% more than did architectural maintenance activities. Using our empirical results we illustrate how firms could evaluate their business risk exposure due to technical debt accumulation in their enterprise systems, and we assess the estimated net effects, both positive and negative, of a range of software maintenance practices. Finally, we discuss implications for research in measuring and managing technical debt in enterprise systems.",Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software | Competing risks modeling | Customization | Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems | Enterprise systems | Software complexity | Software maintenance | Software product management | Software reliability | Software risks | Technical debt,Management Science,2016-05-01,Article,"Ramasubbu, Narayan;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890211440,10.1121/1.4824930,Articulatory limit and extreme segmental reduction in Taiwan Mandarin,"The present study investigated whether extreme phonetic reduction could result from acute time pressure, i.e., when a segment is given less articulation time than its minimum duration, as defined by Klatt [(1973). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1102-1104]. Taiwan Mandarin was examined for its known high frequency of extreme reduction. Native speakers produced sentences containing nonsense disyllabic words with varying phonetic structures at different speech rates. High frequency words from spontaneous speech corpora were also examined for severe reduction. Results show that extreme reduction occurs frequently in nonsense words whenever local speech rate is roughly doubled from normal speech rate. The mean duration at which extreme reduction begins occurring is consistent with previously reported minimum segmental duration, maximum repetition rate and the rate of fast speech at which intelligibility is significantly reduced. Further examination of formant peak velocities as a function of formant displacement from both laboratory and corpus data shows that articulatory strength is not decreased during reduction. It is concluded that extreme reduction is not a feature unique only to high frequency words or casual speech, but a severe form of undershoot that occurs whenever time pressure is too great to allow the minimum execution of the required articulatory movement. © 2013 Acoustical Society of America.",,Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2013-12-01,Article,"Cheng, Chierh;Xu, Yi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84994121044,10.1145/2568225.2568245,Understanding significant processes during work environment interventions to alleviate time pressure and associated sick leave of home care workers - A case study,"Time pressure is prevalent in the software industry in which shorter and shorter deadlines and high customer demands lead to increasingly tight deadlines. However, the effects of time pressure have received little attention in software engineering research. We performed a controlled experiment on time pressure with 97 observations from 54 subjects. Using a two-by-two crossover design, our subjects performed requirements review and test case development tasks. We found statistically significant evidence that time pressure increases efficiency in test case development (high effect size Cohens d=1.279) and in requirements review (medium effect size Cohens d=0.650). However, we found no statistically significant evidence that time pressure would decrease effectiveness or cause adverse effects on motivation, frustration or perceived performance. We also investigated the role of knowledge but found no evidence of the mediating role of knowledge in time pressure as suggested by prior work, possibly due to our subjects. We conclude that applying moderate time pressure for limited periods could be used to increase efficiency in software engineering tasks that are well structured and straight forward.",Experiment | Review | Test case development | Time pressure,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2014-05-31,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Petersen, Kai;Lehtinen, Timo O.A.;Lassenius, Casper",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886997011,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.401-403.504,The flow analysis and numerical simulation of the time-pressure dispensing system,"The fluid flow of the time-pressure dispensing system was analyzed. Dispensing fluid was analyzed by finite element modeling based on N-S equation. Use CFX module to simulate dispensing process, and obtain the flow field's corresponding velocity & pressure distributions. Study the change rules of the adhesive amount dispensed affected by the inlet pressure, diameter and length of the needle. Finally, compare simulation values with the spectral method for two order approximations, the reliability and applicability of the model is proved. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",CFX | Dispensing modeling | Numerical simulation | Time-pressure dispensing,Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013-11-08,Conference Paper,"Deng, Luo Hong;Chen, Zai Liang;Yang, Xiao Min;Chen, Zhen Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886830690,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.397-400.91,Time-pressure switch control for fluid dispensing process based on self-adaptive model,"Because of changes of the epoxy amount in syringe and air compressibility, the time-pressure dispensing has proven to be a challenging task in achieving a high degree of consistency in the dispensed liquid dots volume. Taking residual pressure and non-Newtonian fluid into consideration, a self-adaptive model of the dispensed liquid dots volume was developed for the whole dispensing process. Based on the liquid dots volume model, combined with the syringe air chamber volume prediction model, a time-pressure switch control method was put forward following the principle of time preference control. Numerical simulation has been conducted in the MATLAB using the conventional PI algorithm. Results show that the self-adaptive model can be very well response to the influences of air chamber volume changes to the dispensed liquid dots volume and the proposed control method can significantly improve the dots volume consistency. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Fluid dispensing | Residual pressure | Self-adaptive model | Switch control,Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013-11-07,Conference Paper,"Chen, Cong Ping;Zhang, Tao;Guo, Shi Jie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745212048,10.1007/s11628-013-0212-z,"Service failure, time pressure, and conscientiousness of service providers: the dual processing model perspective","Major software projects have been troubling business activities for more than 50 years. Of any known business activity, software projects have the highest probability of being cancelled or delayed. Once delivered, these projects display excessive error quantities and low levels of reliability. Both technical and social issues are associated with software project failures. Among the social issues that contribute to project failures are the rejections of accurate estimates and the forcing of projects to adhere to schedules that are essentially impossible. Among the technical issues that contribute to project failures are the lack of modern estimating approaches and the failure to plan for requirements growth during development. However, it is not a law of nature that software projects will run late, be cancelled, or be unreliable after deployment. A careful program of risk analysis and risk abatement can lower the probability of a major software disaster.",,CrossTalk,2006-06-01,Article,"Jones, Capers",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84933671215,10.3389/fnhum.2013.00697,Performance improvements from imagery: Evidence that internal visual imagery is superior to external visual imagery for slalom performance,"We report three experiments investigating the hypothesis that use of internal visual imagery (IVI) would be superior to external visual imagery (EVI) for the performance of different slalom-based motor tasks. In Experiment 1, three groups of participants (IVI, EVI, and a control group) performed a driving-simulation slalom task. The IVI group achieved significantly quicker lap times than EVI and the control group. In Experiment 2, participants performed a downhill running slalom task under both IVI and EVI conditions. Performance was again quickest in the IVI compared to EVI condition, with no differences in accuracy. Experiment 3 used the same group design as Experiment 1, but with participants performing a downhill ski-slalom task. Results revealed the IVI group to be significantly more accurate than the control group, with no significant differences in time taken to complete the task. These results support the beneficial effects of IVI for slalom-based tasks, and significantly advances our knowledge related to the differential effects of visual imagery perspectives on motor performance. © 2013 Callow, Roberts, Hardy, Jiang and Edwards.",Imagery ability | Kinesthetic imagery | Mental practice | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | VMIQ-2,Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2013-10-21,Article,"Callow, Nichola;Roberts, Ross;Hardy, Lew;Jiang, Dan;Edwards, Martin Gareth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889563049,10.1016/j.humov.2012.07.005,Agonistic and antagonistic interaction in speed/accuracy tradeoff: A delta-lognormal perspective,"This paper reports the results of a model-based analysis of movements gathered in a 4. ×. 4 experimental design of speed/accuracy tradeoffs with variable target distances and width. Our study was performed on a large (120 participants) and varied sample (both genders, wide age range, various health conditions). The delta-lognormal equation was used for data modeling to investigate the interaction between the output of the agonist and the antagonist neuromuscular systems. Empirical observations show that the subjects must correlate more tightly the impulse commands sent to both neuromuscular systems in order to achieve good performances as the difficulty of the task increases whereas the correlation in the timing of the neuromuscular action co-varies with the size of the geometrical properties of the task. These new phenomena are discussed under the paradigm provided by the Kinematic Theory and new research hypotheses are proposed for further investigation of the speed/accuracy tradeoffs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Cognitive sciences | Motor performance | Motor processes | Neurosciences | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Human Movement Science,2013-10-01,Article,"O'Reilly, Christian;Plamondon, Réjean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84978128816,10.1108/ITP-04-2014-0076,Tempus Fugit: Time pressure in risky decisions,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the structural design of customer teams (CuTes) working with external teams to implement customized information systems (IS). Design consists of theoretically based measures and a first set of real-world, empirical values. Design/methodology/approach – A search in the organizational literature suggested that the adhocracy is the preferred structure for CuTes. Adhocracy-like measures were then developed and applied to a high-performance CuTe to reveal a first benchmark for a team’s adhocratic design. Findings – High-performance CuTes do not necessarily implement the adhocratic principles to the highest degree. Research limitations/implications – It is still open whether all the structural measures described here are necessary and sufficient to describe the adhocracy-like structural design of CuTes. Practical implications – The CuTe is highlighted as the key incumbent of cooperation with the technology supplier and consultants in terms of project authority and responsibility. A psychometric instrument and real-world values are proposed as a reference for the structural design of high-performance CuTes. Social implications – The performance of IS projects is a social concern, since IS products should be aimed at serving people better both inside and outside the organization. Professionals who work in CuTes to develop better IS should receive institutional recognition and management attention. Originality/value – This study seems to be the first to discuss the structure of CuTes in customized IS projects from a theoretical and applied perspective.",Adhocracy | Enterprise resource planning (ERP) (packaged systems) | High-performance work | Information systems development (ISD) | IS metrics | IS professionals | IT project management | Organizational structure | Socio-technical theory | Teams,Information Technology and People,2016-08-01,Article,"Bellini, Carlo Gabriel Porto;Pereira, Rita de Cássia de Faria;Becker, João Luiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870160482,10.1007/978-3-642-38844-6_31,Unobtrusive monitoring of knowledge workers for stress self-regulation,"What are the roles of time and time pressures in design and performance of agile processes for software development? How do we plan our rapid development activities given the constraints of due dates? What does it mean to be on 'internet time'? Agile methods are meant to be fast-paced, but are they fast in an effective way? How do time-pressures influence the productivity of a project team and how do they impact the motivations of developers? This paper considers the time issues in agile approaches to managing software projects and posits research propositions to guide further study of this area.",Adaptable Software Development | Software Product Development | Time Pressures,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harris, Michael L.;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883300933,10.1109/EAEEIE.2013.6576502,"How to stimulate student's creativity and innovation skills with time pressure during education program? The example of ""The 24h of innovation®"" event","Improving the creativity and innovation student's skills is a key point for most of educational institutions. Created by ESTIA in 2007, ""The 24h of innovation®"" (www.24h.estia.fr) is a 24 hours nonstop challenge to develop creative and innovative concepts of products (mechanical, electronic, software...) and services. The concept of this event is simple: projects and topics are proposed by companies, labs, association and they are unveiled at the beginning of the competition. Teams are freely composed of a mix of any volunteers (students, researchers, teachers, consultants, free-lances, employees...). After 24 hours of development, teams present their results in a show of 3 minutes in front of a jury of professionals in the field of innovation. The winner teams receive the ""24h of innovation"" awards and they receive prizes offered by the sponsors of the event. Since 2007, 3500 participants coming from more than 70 schools & university of 40 different countries have attended one of the 10 editions organized in France and Québec. More than 200 projects have been developed for 100 companies. This full paper is focus on the analysis of time pressure to foster the creativity of students and their skills to produce innovative work. © 2013 IEEE.",Creativity | Innovation | students challenge | The 24h of innovation,"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on European Association for Education in Electrical and Information Engineering, EAEEIE 2013",2013-09-05,Conference Paper,"Legardeur, Jérémy;Lizarralde, Iban;Real, Marion",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870510800,10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.016,Modeling accuracy as a function of response time with the generalized linear mixed effects model,"This paper introduces the study of group work pressure (GWP) in information technology (IT) task groups. We theorize that GWP arises from demands and resources in group work and that high levels of GWP inhibit group performance. To identify the constructs of a new group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model, we solicit subjects' descriptions of factors associated with high and low pressure group work situations they have experienced. We find that GWP is composed of characteristics of the task, group, environment, and individuals in the environment. Group characteristics include expertise of the group, group history, and degree of interpersonal conflicts. Individual characteristics include task motivation, personal expertise, and positive/negative consequences. Task complexity, time pressure, and external resources available to the group complete the model tasks. The findings extend prior demands-resources research, suggesting a research model for future study and practical mechanisms for reducing undesirable effects of GWP.",Consequences | Group task demand-resources (GTD-R) model | Group work pressure (GWP) | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880286405,10.1016/j.econlet.2013.06.005,Level-k reasoning and time pressure in the 11-20 money request game,"Arad and Rubinstein (2012a) have designed a novel game to study level-. k reasoning experimentally. Just like them, we find that the depth of reasoning is very limited and clearly different from that in equilibrium play. We show that such behavior is even robust to repetitions; hence there is, at best, little learning. However, under time pressure, behavior is, perhaps coincidentally, closer to that in equilibrium play. We argue that time pressure evokes intuitive reasoning and reduces the focal attraction of choosing higher (and per se more profitable) numbers in the game. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Experiment | Level-k reasoning | Repetition | Time pressure,Economics Letters,2013-09-01,Article,"Lindner, Florian;Sutter, Matthias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,Satisficing and the use of keyboard shortcuts: Being good enough is enough?,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880989300,10.1037/a0031533,ADHD performance reflects inefficient but not impulsive information processing: A diffusion model analysis,"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with performance deficits across a broad range of tasks. Although individual tasks are designed to tap specific cognitive functions (e.g., memory, inhibition, planning, etc.), these deficits could also reflect general effects related to either inefficient or impulsive information processing or both. These two components cannot be isolated from each other on the basis of classical analysis in which mean reaction time (RT) and mean accuracy are handled separately. Method: Seventy children with a diagnosis of combined type ADHD and 50 healthy controls (between 6 and 17 years) performed two tasks: a simple two-choice RT (2-CRT) task and a conflict control task (CCT) that required higher levels of executive control. RT and errors were analyzed using the Ratcliff diffusion model, which divides decisional time into separate estimates of information processing efficiency (called ""drift rate"") and speed-accuracy tradeoff (SATO, called ""boundary""). The model also provides an estimate of general nondecisional time. Results: Results were the same for both tasks independent of executive load. ADHD was associated with lower drift rate and less nondecisional time. The groups did not differ in terms of boundary parameter estimates. Conclusion: RT and accuracy performance in ADHD appears to reflect inefficient rather than impulsive information processing, an effect independent of executive function load. The results are consistent with models in which basic information processing deficits make an important contribution to the ADHD cognitive phenotype. © 2013 American Psychological Association.","Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | Ratcliff Diffusion Model | Reaction time, information processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff",Neuropsychology,2013-01-01,Article,"Metin, Baris;Roeyers, Herbert;Wiersema, Jan R.;Van Der Meere, Jaap J.;Thompson, Margaret;Sonuga-Barke, Edmund",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944449466,10.1007/978-3-642-38862-0_37,State-level goal orientations as mediators of the relationship between time pressure and performance: A longitudinal study,"Is a focus on information systems or information technology success a myopic view of evaluating IT success and failure? Are success and failure the opposite ends of a continuum for evaluating IT projects? Conventional measures of success such as meeting cost, time, budgets, and user needs do not address positives that can emerge from failures. We contend that a focus on success and failing to factor the possibility of failure actually hamper IT projects. An organizational mandate that does not allow for failure does not promote risk taking and innovation. It can also foster a project climate fraught with undesirable or unethical behavior and stress among developers, while failing to capture positive lessons that could emerge from IT project failure.",Innovation | IS success evaluation | IT failure,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ambrose, Paul J.;Munro, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953782801,10.1109/CSCWD.2010.5471998,Dysfunctional auditing behaviour: Empirical evidence on auditors' behaviour in Macau,"The software industry has recognized the importance of teamwork as a driver for good projects results. However teamwork is not an easy goal to reach, because there is a large list of variables affecting the process. Each project probably will require a particular recipe to promote and perform real teamwork. Therefore a one-size fits-all approach does not work to promote teamwork in the software development scenarios. This article presents an influence model that helps the development teams to find a strategy that allow them to carry out teamwork. This model is the result of an analysis conducted by the authors on 27 software projects performed in a controlled setting in an academic environment. © 2010 IEEE.",Human behavior | Software development teams | Teamwork,"Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marques, Maira;Ochoa, Sergio F.;Quispe, Alcides;Silvestre, Luis;Villena, Agustin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880605520,10.1080/08870446.2013.766734,Busy lifestyles and mammography screening: Time pressure and women's reattendance likelihood,"Time pressure is often cited as a reason for non-attendance at mammography screening, although evidence from other areas of psychology suggests that time pressure can improve performance when barriers such as time pressure provide a challenge. We predicted that time pressure would negatively predict attendance in women whose self-efficacy for overcoming time pressure is low, but positively predict attendance when self-efficacy is high. Time pressure was operationalised as the self-reported number of dependent children and others, and average number of working hours per week. Australian women were surveyed after being invited to attend second or subsequent screenings at a free public screening service, and subsequent attendance monitored until six months after screening was due. The majority (87.5%) attended screening. Women with more dependent children and higher self-efficacy showed greater attendance likelihood, and women with fewer non-child dependants and lower self-efficacy were less likely to attend. Working hours did not predict attendance. Findings provide partial support for the idea that time pressure acts as a challenge for women with high self-efficacy. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",breast cancer | mammography attendance | screening | self-efficacy | time pressure,Psychology and Health,2013-08-01,Article,"Brown, Stephen L.;Gibney, Triecia M.;Tarling, Rachel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880963707,10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.06.001,Timing in multitasking: Memory contamination and time pressure bias,"There can be systematic biases in time estimation when it is performed in complex multitasking situations. In this paper we focus on the mechanisms that cause participants to tend to respond too quickly and underestimate a target interval (250-400. ms) in a complex, real-time task. We hypothesized that two factors are responsible for the too-early bias: (1) Memory contamination from an even shorter time interval in the task, and (2) time pressure to take appropriate actions in time. In a simpler experiment that was focused on just these two factors, we found a strong too-early bias when participants estimated the target interval in alternation with a shorter interval and when they had little time to perform the task. The too-early bias was absent when they estimated the target interval in isolation without contamination and time pressure. A strong too-late bias occurred when the target interval alternated with a longer interval and there was no time pressure to respond. The effects were captured by incorporating the timing model of Taatgen and van Rijn (2011) into the ACT-R model for the Space Fortress task (Bothell, 2010). The results show that to properly understand time estimation in a dynamic task one needs to model the multiple influences that are occurring from the surrounding context. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Cognitive model | Memory | Multitasking | Time estimation | Time pressure,Cognitive Psychology,2013-08-01,Article,"Moon, Jungaa;Anderson, John R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879733737,10.1108/MAJ-10-2012-0761,Auditors' time pressure: Does ethical culture support audit quality?,"The purpose of this paper is to address the impact of ethical culture on audit quality under conditions of time budget pressure. The study also tests the relationship between ethical culture and time budget pressure. The study is based on a field survey of financial auditors employed by audit firms operating in Sweden. The study finds relationships between three ethical culture factors and reduced audit quality acts. The ethical environment and the use of penalties to enforce ethical norms are negatively related to reduced audit quality acts, whereas the demand for obedience to authorities is positively related to reduced audit quality acts. Underreporting of time is not related to ethical culture, but is positively related to time budget pressure. Finally, the study finds a relationship between two ethical culture factors and time budget pressure, indicating a possible causal relationship, but ethical culture does not mediate an indirect effect of time budget pressure on reduced audit quality acts. This is the first study to report the effect of ethical culture on dysfunctional auditor behavior using actual selfreported frequencies of reduced audit quality acts and underreporting of time as data. © 2013, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Audit quality | Auditing | Auditors | Ethical culture | Ethics | Sweden | Time budget pressure,Managerial Auditing Journal,2013-07-19,Article,"Svanberg, Jan;Öhman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883789728,10.1109/ICGSE.2007.20,Encoding information of human-computer interface for equilibrium of time pressure,"It is a studying worthy problem in interface design whether the operator can deal with lots of information quickly and correctly under time pressure in human-computer interaction of a complex system. How to use reasonable encoding models to optimize interface design is researched in this paper, according to the influences of time pressures on cognitive behaviors. According to the variable-level description of the Subject Workload Assessment Technique and vision gaze, time pressures is divided into three levels as high, medium, low, and the presentation time of each level corresponds to 200, 600 and 1000 ms. With the help of the experiment, the influences of time pressures on color and shape cognition are analyzed. The results show that the cognition of color was more and quicker than the cognition of shape under time pressures within 1000 ms. Finally, the improved effect of color encoding on rapid recognition of multiple messages was tested and verified, with the emulational interface design of A320 airplane Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor system as demonstrative object.",Color encoding | Shape encoding | Time pressure | Visual cognitive capacity,Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao/Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics,2013-07-01,Article,"Li, Jing;Xue, Chengqi;Wang, Haiyan;Zhou, Lei;Niu, Yafeng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893443499,10.1037/a0033085,Stress in highly demanding it jobs: Transformational leadership moderates the impact of time pressure on exhaustion and work-life balance,"The objective of this article is to investigate transformational leadership as a potential moderator of the negative relationship of time pressure to work-life balance and of the positive relationship between time pressure and exhaustion. Recent research regards time pressure as a challenge stressor; while being positively related to motivation and performance, time pressure also increases employee strain and decreases well-being. Building on the Job Demand-Resources model, we hypothesize that transformational leadership moderates the relationships between time pressure and both employees' exhaustion and work-life balance such that both relationships will be weaker when transformational leadership is higher. Of seven information technology organizations in Germany, 262 employees participated in the study. Established scales for time pressure, transformational leadership, work-life balance, and exhaustion were used, all showing good internal consistencies. The results support our assumptions. Specifically, we find that under high transformational leadership the impact of time pressure on exhaustion and work-life balance was less strong. The results of this study suggest that, particularly under high time pressure, transformational leadership is an important factor for both employees' work-life balance and exhaustion © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Emotional exhaustion | Job demands | Time pressure | Transformational leadership | Work-life balance,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2013-07-01,Article,"Syrek, Christine J.;Apostel, Ella;Antoni, Conny H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880613867,10.1080/10548408.2013.803399,Analysis of Time Pressure and Value Perception: An Exploratory Study of Consumer Travel Fair,"The consumer travel fair is a well-known vacation marketing event in Singapore. Travel product/package promotions at the Singapore travel fair are only available for 3 days. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time pressure and consumer value of travel fair products through their perceptions of scarcity, price, and quality. These constructs were examined using two types of mediation models. A random sample survey of 251 travel fair visitors were collected to verify the conceptual model proposed to integrate these constructs. The study found the mediated relationship between time pressure and consumer value was significant. Additionally, the signs for the total indirect effects were consistent with the proposed mediation models. The results are important from managerial and personal selling perspectives. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Consumer travel fair | mediation models | perceived value | time pressure,Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2013-07-01,Article,"Lim, Christine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880285493,10.1080/02642069.2013.719887,Buying impulse triggered by digital media,"This study applies Beatty and Elizabeth Ferrell's impulse buying model to investigate consumers' buying impulses after receiving digital media promotions for limited-time-only sale for services. The influences of consumers' positive affect and impulse buying tendency on their felt urge to buy impulsively were explored. Questionnaires were utilized to survey consumers and structural equation modeling was adopted to explore the causal relationship among the constructs. The results indicated that consumers generate more positive affect if they perceive less time pressure or more money available. The results also revealed the direct effect of consumer positive affect and impulse buying tendency on their felt urge to buy impulsively. The study verifies the successful application of the impulse buying model to the promotion of services through digital media. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",buying impulse | digital media | perishability | time pressure,Service Industries Journal,2013-07-01,Article,"Lin, Pei Chun;Lin, Zhou Hern",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880117547,10.1177/0961463X13478052,Why does life appear to speed up as people get older?,"In this study, the influence of contemporaneous and retrospective recall of time pressure on the experience of time was examined. Participants (N = 868) first indicated how fast the previous week, month, year, and 10 years had passed. No effects of age were found, except on the 10-year interval. The participants were subsequently asked how much time pressure they experienced presently and how much time pressure they had experienced 10 years ago. Participants who indicated that they were currently experiencing much time pressure reported that time was passing quickly on the shorter time intervals, whereas participants who indicated that they had been experiencing much time pressure 10 years ago reported that the previous 10 years had passed quickly. Cross-sectional comparisons of past and present time pressure suggested that participants systematically underestimated past time pressure. This memory bias offers an explanation of why life appears to speed up as people get older. © 2013, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",Aging | autobiographical memory | experience of time | time estimation | time pressure,Time & Society,2013-01-01,Article,"Janssen, Steve M.j.;Naka, Makiko;Friedman, William J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879119609,10.1016/j.trf.2013.05.002,"Time pressure and driving: Work, emotions and risks","Little is known about how time pressure affects driving behavior. The present questionnaire-based research addresses this gap in the literature. We used roadside assessment, out-of context self-assessment and hetero-assessment approaches. These approaches (1) identify situational factors eliciting time pressure behind the wheel, (2) explore the emotional reactions of time-pressured drivers, and (3) investigate links between time pressure and risky driving. Our results suggest that time constraints, time uncertainty and goal importance are causal factors for time pressure, which is mostly encountered chronically in professional fields requiring driving. Time pressure is associated with negative emotions and stress, though some motorists also appreciate driving under time pressure because doing so potentially heightens feelings of self-efficacy. Time pressure might increase risk taking, but self-reported accidents were not more numerous. This null finding is critically discussed, but it could result from increased driving ability in chronically time pressured drivers and from adequate adjustments of other drivers. Assessments of objective and subjective factors should be integrated in interventions designed to help working people cope with time pressure behind the wheel. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Car driving | Emotion | Risk | Time pressure | Work,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2013-01-01,Article,"Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Naveteur, Janick;Antoine, Pascal;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879119770,10.1016/j.jsr.2013.03.005,Validation of the group nuclear safety climate questionnaire,"Introduction Group safety climate is a leading indicator of safety performance in high reliability organizations. Zohar and Luria (2005) developed a Group Safety Climate scale (ZGSC) and found it to have a single factor. Method The ZGSC scale was used as a basis in this study with the researchers rewording almost half of the items on this scale, changing the referents from the leader to the group, and trying to validate a two-factor scale. The sample was composed of 566 employees in 50 groups from a Spanish nuclear power plant. Item analysis, reliability, correlations, aggregation indexes and CFA were performed. Results Results revealed that the construct was shared by each unit, and our reworded Group Safety Climate (GSC) scale showed a one-factor structure and correlated to organizational safety climate, formalized procedures, safety behavior, and time pressure. ""Impact on Industry This validation of the one-factor structure of the Zohar and Luria (2005) scale could strengthen and spread this scale and measure group safety climate more effectively. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.",group level safety climate | group perceptions | Safety climate | supervisor perceptions,Journal of Safety Research,2013-06-24,Article,"Navarro, M. Felisa Latorre;Gracia Lerín, Francisco J.;Tomás, Inés;Peiró Silla, José María",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,How users interact with a 3D geo-browser under time pressure,"The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878547439,10.1201/b14769-70,"The fire in the simplon tunnel 2011 - Event, effects on the tunnel and reconstruction","On 9 June 2011 a freight train caught fire in the Simplon Tunnel. Ten railcars burned out completely, so that both bores of the 20 km tunnel, linking Brig (in Switzerland) to Iselle (in Italy), had to be closed completely until the fire could be extinguished. After that, the damaged bore was out of operation for several months for restoration. Inside the damaged bore, the railway technology was completely destroyed in the area of the fire, extending some 300 m. The lining and the drainage systems were also substantially damaged. The structural repair of the tunnel had to be tackled as soon as the railcars and debris had been cleared. After determining the zones in which the lining was no longer sustainable and deciding which measures to take, the repair of the lining involved the application of new solutions. The restoration work had to be carried out under both time pressure and the restrictions resulting from the conditions inside the tunnel. In the end it was decided not to reopen the tunnel provisionally within a short space of time, but to undertake lengthier, definitive repairs. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.",,"Underground - The Way to the Future: Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress, WTC 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kradolfer, W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85028149705,10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.017,Passengers' shopping motivations and commercial activities at airports - The moderating effects of time pressure and impulse buying tendency,"The contribution of retailing to total airport revenue is becoming more important. This study examines the relationship between passengers' shopping motivations and their commercial activities at airports, as well as the moderating effects of time pressure and impulse buying on this relationship. A sample of passenger survey data was collected at Taiwan's Taoyuan International Airport. Three shopping motivations, namely, ""favorable price and quality"", ""environment and communication"", and ""culture and atmosphere,"" are identified based on the results of factor analysis. The results reveal that passenger shopping motivations have positive impacts on commercial activities at the airport, and furthermore both time pressure and impulse buying tendency moderate the relationship between shopping motivations and commercial activities.",Airport | Commercial activities | Impulse buying tendency | Shopping motivations | Time pressure,Tourism Management,2013-06-01,Article,"Lin, Yi Hsin;Chen, Ching Fu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878088274,10.1177/0146167213482984,Time Pressure Undermines Performance More Under Avoidance Than Approach Motivation,"Four experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that performance is particularly undermined by time pressure when people are avoidance motivated. The results supported this hypothesis across three different types of tasks, including those well suited and those ill suited to the type of information processing evoked by avoidance motivation. We did not find evidence that stress-related emotions were responsible for the observed effect. Avoidance motivation is certainly necessary and valuable in the self-regulation of everyday behavior. However, our results suggest that given its nature and implications, it seems best that avoidance motivation is avoided in situations that involve (time) pressure. © 2013 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.",avoidance motivation | cognitive load | cognitive resources | performance | time pressure,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2013-06-01,Article,"Roskes, Marieke;Elliot, Andrew J.;Nijstad, Bernard A.;De Dreu, Carsten K.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011068281,10.1111/jasp.12138,Time pressure and the endowment effect,"Indirect system use refers to a user (the principal) performs IS-related tasks via another user (the agent). Despite the prevalence of indirect system use, the extant literature on system usage and its performance mainly focuses on direct system use. During the process of indirect system use, the goal conflict and information asymmetry could arise between the principal and the agent, which create challenges of appropriately managing the agent's behavior. Drawing on the Agency theory, we propose that indirect system use can be categorized into two types: behavior-oriented indirect system use and outcome-oriented indirect system use. A conceptual model is constructed to theoretically understand how these two types of indirect system use impact task performance differently and contingent on the extent of task complexity.",Agency theory | Behavior-oriented indirect system use | Outcome-oriented indirect system use | Task complexity | Task performance,"Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yujing;Tong, Yu;Liao, Stephen Shaoyi;Yu, Yugang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030973097,10.1353/lan.2013.0023,Tonal alignment is contrastive in falling contours in Dinka,"CAD systems for textile design use complex computers and are often described in 'computer speak' - to the confusion of all but computer professionals. Here, the concept of the CAD system and a glossary of common CAD terms are introduced.",,Man-made Textiles in India,1997-01-01,Article,"Man-made Textiles in India, ",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877933080,10.1145/2470654.2466181,The effect of time-based cost of error in target-directed pointing tasks,"One of the fundamental operations in today's user interfaces is pointing to targets, such as menus, buttons, and text. Making an error when selecting those targets in real-life user interfaces often results in some cost to the user. However, the existing target-directed pointing models do not consider the cost of error when predicting task completion time. In this paper, we present a model based on expected value theory that predicts the impact of the error cost on the user's completion time for target-directed pointing tasks. We then present a target-directed pointing user study, which results show that time-based costs of error significantly impact the user's performance. Our results also show that users perform according to an expected completion time utility function and that optimal performance computed using our model gives good prediction of the observed task completion times. Copyright © 2013 ACM.",Error cost | Fitts' law | Movement time | Pointing errors | Pointing time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2013-05-27,Conference Paper,"Banovic, Nikola;Grossman, Tovi;Fitzmaurice, George",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846032652,10.2307/25148734,The influence of time pressure on adherence to guidelines in primary care: An experimental study,"We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies and how appropriately devised managerial interventions (e.g., coordination mechanisms and organizational learning practices) can lessen these conflicts. A study of software reuse programs in four organizations was conducted to assess the validity of the model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained showed that companies that had implemented such managerial interventions experienced greater success with their software reuse programs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.",Coordination mechanisms | Disruptive IT innovations | Goal conflict | Organizational learning | Software reuse,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Sherif, Karma;Zmud, Robert W.;Browne, Glenn J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011068281,10.1109/HICSS.2013.151,Creative process in the face of change: How teams experience and respond to pressure,"Indirect system use refers to a user (the principal) performs IS-related tasks via another user (the agent). Despite the prevalence of indirect system use, the extant literature on system usage and its performance mainly focuses on direct system use. During the process of indirect system use, the goal conflict and information asymmetry could arise between the principal and the agent, which create challenges of appropriately managing the agent's behavior. Drawing on the Agency theory, we propose that indirect system use can be categorized into two types: behavior-oriented indirect system use and outcome-oriented indirect system use. A conceptual model is constructed to theoretically understand how these two types of indirect system use impact task performance differently and contingent on the extent of task complexity.",Agency theory | Behavior-oriented indirect system use | Outcome-oriented indirect system use | Task complexity | Task performance,"Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yujing;Tong, Yu;Liao, Stephen Shaoyi;Yu, Yugang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875713438,10.1177/0018720812457565,"The effect of proximity, tall man lettering, and time pressure on accurate visual perception of drug names","Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of proximity and time pressure on accurate and effective visual search during medication selection from a computer screen. Background: The presence of multiple similar objects in proximity to a target object increases the difficulty of a visual search. Visual similarity between drug names can also lead to selection error. The proximity of several similarly named drugs within a visual field could, therefore, adversely affect visual search. Method: In Study 1, 60 nonpharmacy participants selected a target drug name from an array of mock drug packets shown on a computer screen, where one or four similarly named nontargets might be present. Of the participants, 30 completed the task with a time constraint, and the remainder did not. In Study 2, the same experiment was repeated with 28 pharmacy staff. Results: In Study 1, the proximity of multiple similarly named nontargets within the specified visual field reduced selection accuracy and increased reaction times in the nonpharmacists. Time constraint also had an adverse effect. In Study 2, the pharmacy participants showed increased reaction times when multiple nontargets were present, but the time constraint had no effect. There was no effect of Tall Man lettering. Conclusion: The presence of multiple similarly named medications in close proximity to a target medication increases the difficulty of the visual search for the target. Tall Man lettering has no impact on this adverse effect. Application: The widespread use of the alphabetical system in medication storage increases the risk of proximity-based errors in drug selection. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",drug name similarity | pharmacy | proximity | Tall Man | time pressure,Human Factors,2013-04-01,Article,"Irwin, Amy;Mearns, Kathryn;Watson, Margaret;Urquhart, Jim",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973915625,10.1016/j.lrp.2016.04.001,Thinking Aloud in the Presence of Interruptions and Time Constraints,"In this study, we analyze how time pressure affects coordination between temporary projects and permanent organizations involved in public infrastructure projects. Prior research has shown that time pressure can yield both benefits and challenges to the realization of projects. Unraveling the challenges, we identify three interrelating factors that constrain coordination: the political context of public projects, time pressure within temporary projects, and the nature of transactive memory within permanent organizations. Our study offers a more comprehensive conceptualization of project coordination by including temporary project teams, permanent organizations, and the political context in the analysis. In doing so, we strengthen understanding of pacing by revealing how political pressure and political priorities increase the work pace of temporary projects, thereby constraining the coordination between fast-paced projects and slower-paced, permanent organizations. Finally, our study contributes to literature on strategic knowledge coordination by explaining how the differentiated nature of transactive memory across organizational settings inhibits timely coordination.",,Long Range Planning,2016-12-01,Article,"van Berkel, Freek J.F.W.;Ferguson, Julie E.;Groenewegen, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873242467,10.1111/j.1099-1123.2012.00456.x,The Effects of Time Budget Pressure and Intentionality on Audit Supervisors' Response to Audit Staff False Sign-off,"Based on theory from the psychology literature and results from prior false sign-off research, we develop hypotheses and then conduct an experiment to assess the reporting intentions of audit supervisors who discover that a staff member under their supervision has committed false sign-off. The experiment manipulated the level of time budget pressure on the audit engagement and the staff member's intentionality. Results indicate that audit supervisors are more likely to report the false sign-off when (1) the audit staff member was working under conditions of low time budget pressure versus high time budget pressure and (2) the staff member committed the false sign-off intentionally versus unintentionally as a result of confusion over what was expected. The paper concludes with a discussion of its limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Audit quality | False sign-off | Intentionality | Time budget pressure,International Journal of Auditing,2013-03-01,Article,"Hyatt, Troy A.;Taylor, Mark H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874214546,10.1177/1440783311419907,Women and part-time employment: Easing or squeezing time pressure?,"This article investigates satisfaction with time pressure for men and women with different hours of paid employment using data from the 2006 'Negotiating the Life Course' project. In Australia, part-time employment is a common strategy adopted by women with dependent children to reconcile paid work and family responsibilities. However, women employed part-time are not a homogeneous group. This study differentiates between women employed for minimal part-time, half-time and reduced full-time hours, as well as women employed full-time and not in the labour force, to investigate differences in perceived time pressure. Three dimensions of time pressure are examined: overall time pressure, time pressure at home and time pressure at work. We find gender differences in time pressure at home and differences among women in overall and work time pressure. We conclude that being employed part-time does not alleviate time pressure for all women. © 2011 The Australian Sociological Association.",gender | part-time employment | time pressure | work-family balance | work-family conflict,Journal of Sociology,2013-03-01,Article,"Rose, Judy;Hewitt, Belinda;Baxter, Janeen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873570512,10.1016/j.jretai.2012.11.001,Effectiveness of Exaggerated Advertised Reference Prices: The Role of Decision Time Pressure,"Despite the prevalence of exaggerated advertised reference prices (ARPs) in retail ads and the potential for consumer vulnerability to false reference prices, research identifying boundary conditions to the effectiveness of exaggerated ARPs is scarce. We demonstrate that exaggerated ARPs are much more effective in favorably influencing consumers' perceptions of retail offers when they feel time pressure while evaluating such offers. Further, although past research indicates that high promotion frequency weakens the effectiveness of exaggerated ARPs, we show that this is not observed when time pressure is present. We discuss the implications of this research and provide directions for future research. © 2012 New York University.",3 studies | Exaggerated reference price | Experimental design | Promotion frequency | Reference price advertisements | Retail pricing | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2013-03-01,Article,"Krishnan, Balaji C.;Dutta, Sujay;Jha, Subhash",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897747795,10.1037/a0032148,The effects of subjective time pressure and individual differences on hypotheses generation and action prioritization in police investigations,"Time is an inherent quality of human life and the temporal nature of our being in this world has fundamentally shaped our knowledge and understanding of it: the concept of time pervades everyday language: ""time is of the essence""; ""timing is everything""; and ""a stitch in time saves nine"". Thus, many disciplines are concerned with Time - physics of course, and also history, philosophy, psychology, computer science, communication studies and media. Nevertheless, our understanding of it is fundamentally limited because our consciousness moves along it. The goal of this paper is to develop a conceptualization of time that can be used to investigate the impact of temporality on the design, development, adoption and use of Information Systems and to trace the societal and business impact of that association. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office. All rights reserved.",Key issues | Qualitative research | Theory building | Time pressure,International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design,2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Riordan, Niamh O.;Conboy, Kieran;Acton, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018799918,10.1007/s10664-017-9506-4,"Varying task difficulty in the Go/Nogo task: The effects of inhibitory control, arousal, and perceived effort on ERP components","This research compares the impacts of change requests due to requirement defects on the outcomes of software development projects developed using the Waterfall methodology. The three types of requirement defects examined are incorrect requirements, incomplete requirements and new requirements. Outcomes are measured in terms of total effort expended and software defects injected during software development. While prior literature has examined ways to minimize requirement defects, limited insights are available on the impacts of requirement defects that remain after baseline requirements have been gathered. A sample of 49 software projects following the Waterfall methodology from a large highly mature (CMMI level 5) software development organization was used to statistically estimate the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Using the coordination perspective to develop our model, we find that resolution of change requests due to new requirements increases defects injected as well as effort. The resolution of change requests due to incorrect requirements increases the number of new requirements as well as the number of defects injected. Resolution of change requests due to incomplete requirements do not have measurable impacts on software project outcomes. Efforts to minimize the number of change requests necessary due to new requirements, can therefore be an important factor in improving software project outcomes.",Incorrect requirements | New requirements | Requirements defects,Empirical Software Engineering,2018-02-01,Article,"Chari, Kaushal;Agrawal, Manish",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873960504,10.1201/b13827-40,Safety assessment of CCTV for platform interface tasks - Sydney suburban trains,"Direct viewing tasks associated with observing the Platform Train Interface (PTI) requires detailed inspection of large areas, in short timescales whilst the driver/guard is under time pressure. However, as visual detection tasks are safety critical (if not done properly there is a risk of passengers being trapped between PTI). This paper discuss the technical approach that was undertaken as part of a safety assessment to validate and verify that Guards could be relocated from the centre of the train (4th car) to the rear of the train (8th car) and undertake PTI viewing with CCTV instead of the current method of direct viewing. The assessment was undertaken to assure that detection of PTI events was more reliable using CCTV when compared to direct viewing. The resulting study included a detailed literature review, a structured technical rationale report and CCTV assessment trials to assure that the proposed CCTV systems performance reduced PTI risks to ALARP. The literature review included UK rail CCTV guidance documents and documents from other industries (e.g. security). The extensive literature review found that none of the existing CCTV guidance available was directly applicable, robust enough or of suitable rigour. Therefore, a number of specific technical issues were systematically assessed with input from CCTV Engineering specialists. This elicited a large number of technical and Human Factors issues that had not been found to be addressed by any other Human Factors studies in the Rail sector. The outcome of the assessment/literature review was derivation of a detailed CCTV specification for the CCTV suppliers. The CCTV system was subsequently built and trialled on Sydney Trains Suburban Network under a variety of environmental and operational scenarios. The resulting CCTV trial assessed camera and lens performance in terms of a number of technical factors and evaluated the CCTV system on test runs with live trains on the suburban network under a variety of scenarios. The overall safety assessment found that CCTV offered performance of PTI tasks as robust (and in some scenarios better) when compared to direct viewing. The safety assessment concluded that CCTV viewing from the rear car offered as good as (if not better) probabilities of detecting PTI events when compared to direct viewing from the 4th car. The CCTV system is now operational on a number of Sydney Suburban Trains. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK.",,"Rail Human Factors: Supporting Reliability, Safety and Cost Reduction",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Traub, Paul;Fraser, Glenn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870255400,10.1016/j.ins.2012.09.032,On weighted unbalanced linguistic aggregation operators in group decision making,"We generalize linguistic evaluation values and their weights in group decision-making (GDM) problems based on unbalanced linguistic terms. The GDM problems include two types of weights: belief degrees of linguistic evaluation values and experts' weights. Due to the time pressure and conflict of multi-source of information, etc., experts may have various evaluations values on alternatives. The belief degree is used to represent the confidence level of the values. The experts' weight is used to represent the differences among experts' importance which caused by experts' experience or knowledge distinction. We propose the weighted unbalanced linguistic aggregation operators to synthesize linguistic evaluation value, belief degree and experts' weights. Some desired properties of the operator are then studied, these properties show that the operator extends the linguistic weighted averaging operator (LWA) and the linguistic ordered weighted averaging (LOWA) operator. Finally, an illustrative example of human resource performance appraisal based on the linguistic aggregation operator is provided. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Group decision making | Linguistic aggregation operators | Performance appraisal | The weighted linguistic aggregation operator | Unbalanced linguistic terms,Information Sciences,2013-02-20,Article,"Meng, Dan;Pei, Zheng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873356609,10.1016/j.trf.2012.12.008,Impatience and time pressure: Subjective reactions of drivers in situations forcing them to stop their car in the road,"Transportation research has shown that impatience and time pressure are determining factors for traffic rule violation and risky behaviour. However, the situations provoking impatience have not yet been investigated in depth. One purpose of this study was to examine how different road stops might increase impatience. Another purpose was to measure the effects of time pressure on impatience as a function of these situations. Forty eight participants viewed eight films, shot from a driver's viewpoint, each ending with a situation in which the car had to stop in the road. Participants were invited to imagine that they were the driver, and asked to rate how their impatience evolved during the stops by moving a cursor. Guided imagery was used to induce time pressure in half of the participants. Our results indicate that impatience is a state of increased arousal and negative valence. A subtle appraisal process appears to determine when impatience is triggered and how it evolves during stops. In the current study both the triggering and the evolution of impatience were altered by situational features, especially stop-length estimates and emotions. Time pressure as a contextual or chronic factor was found to influence impatience. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Altruism | Driving | Emotions | Impatience | Time pressure,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2013-01-01,Article,"Naveteur, Janick;Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Charron, Camilo;Dorn, Lisa;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870977075,10.1080/13668803.2012.722013,"Non-parental childcare, time pressure and the gendered division of paid work, domestic work and parental childcare","What impact does out-sourcing childcare have on the time parents spend on paid work, domestic work and childcare, and how they share these tasks between themselves? Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey (TUS) 2006 we investigate the effects of formal and informal non-parental childcare on the time use of couples with children aged 0-4 years (N=348). We examine associations between non-parental care and (1) couples' combined time in paid work, domestic work and childcare, (2) parents' time separately by gender in paid work, domestic work and childcare (subdivided by activity type) and (3) parents' self-reported time pressure. Total workloads (the sum of paid work, domestic work and childcare) are neither higher nor lower when non-parental care is used, either for households combined or for each gender separately. The way time is spent, and how activities are divided by gender does differ, however. For mothers the use of any non-parental care and more hours in formal care is associated with more paid work hours, less childcare time and higher self-reported time pressure. Fathers' time is more constant, but they report higher subjective time pressure with increasing hours of formal non-parental care. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",father care | gendered division of labour | mother care | non-parental childcare | time pressure | time use survey,"Community, Work and Family",2013-02-01,Article,"Craig, Lyn;Powell, Abigail",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85003794663,10.1016/j.dss.2016.09.008,Effects of sleep deprivation on decisional support utilisation,"We propose a model of security governance that draws upon agency theory to conceptualize the InfoSec function as a fiduciary for business users. We introduce a ternary typology of governance and test the efficacy of governance on goal congruence and information asymmetry. Our survey of information security managers finds that: (1) governance enhances goal congruence but does not impact information asymmetry, and (2) perceived information security service effectiveness is positively related to both information asymmetry and goal congruence. Contrary to what agency theory suggests, in the InfoSec context, information asymmetry can be exactly what is needed to enhance the principal's welfare. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.",Agency theory | Goal congruence | Information asymmetry | Information security | IT governance | Security governance | Stewardship theory,Decision Support Systems,2016-12-01,Article,"Wu, Yu “Andy”;Saunders, Carol S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872582735,10.1103/PhysRevE.87.012805,Empirical analysis of collective human behavior for extraordinary events in the blogosphere,"To uncover an underlying mechanism of collective human dynamics, we survey more than 1.8 billion blog entries and observe the statistical properties of word appearances. We focus on words that show dynamic growth and decay with a tendency to diverge on a certain day. After careful pretreatment and the use of a fitting method, we found power laws generally approximate the functional forms of growth and decay with various exponents values between -0.1 and -2.5. We also observe news words whose frequencies increase suddenly and decay following power laws. In order to explain these dynamics, we propose a simple model of posting blogs involving a keyword, and its validity is checked directly from the data. The model suggests that bloggers are not only responding to the latest number of blogs but also suffering deadline pressure from the divergence day. Our empirical results can be used for predicting the number of blogs in advance and for estimating the period to return to the normal fluctuation level.",,"Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics",2013-01-11,Article,"Sano, Yukie;Yamada, Kenta;Watanabe, Hayafumi;Takayasu, Hideki;Takayasu, Misako",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907729062,10.1073/pnas.081074098,Performance of cyclical and discrete movements executed in Fitts’ task simulated by computer [Desempenho de movimentos cíclicos e discretos realizados em tarefa de fitts simulada em computador],"This study compared the performance of cyclical and discrete movements in Fitts’ task simulated by a computer. Twenty male adults, between 25 and 30 years old, participated as volunteers in the study. The software Discrete Aiming Task (v.2.0) simulated the Fitts’ task, in the discrete and cyclical conditions, and provided the movement time (TM). It was manipulated 4 target widths and 3 distances between the targets to provide index of difficulties (ID) from 1 to 6 bits. The ANOVA TWO WAY, 3 (Conditions) x 6 (ID), with repeated measures in the last factor, compared the TM in the different conditions. Regression analysis verified the relationship between TM x ID. There were no significant differences between the conditions; the virtual environment and the mouse were used to explain such results. All movement conditions showed a straight relationship between TM x ID with R²>0.990. Therefore, Fitts’ law showed to be consistent, independently of the movement strategy performed.",Cyclical movement | Discrete movement | Fitts` law | Motor control | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Interamerican Journal of Psychology,2013-01-01,Article,"Balio, Tiago Cesar;Dascal, Juliana Bayeux;Marques, Inara;Rodrigues, Sergio Tosi;Okazaki, Victor Hugo Alves",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84906888165,10.1109/ICINIS.2013.25,Age-related performance assessment in steering tasks by different instruction sets,"In this paper, we investigate the effects of aging (younger vs. older adults) on performance difference by the way that speed is tradeoff against accuracy in interacting with interface task. In order to assess the impact of a possible speed-accuracy tradeoff, user performance was observed under three different instructional sets i.e., accuracy (A), neutral (N), and speed (S) when steering on a circular track. Experimental results showed that the elderly group performed significantly less accurately for all three instruction sets and showed greater individual difference. The younger subjects were more influenced by instructions and performed more accurately. Implications for user interface design for older users, and for the evaluation of age effects in HCI generally are discussed. © 2013 IEEE.",Age-related effect | Elderly users | Human performance | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Steering task,"Proceedings - 2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, ICINIS 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Zhou, Xiaolei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85137242648,10.17705/1CAIS.05101,On the speed-accuracy tradeoff in collective decision making,This article introduces the new Department of History for the journal Communications of the Association for Information Systems.,AIS | CAIS | History,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2022-01-01,Editorial,"Urbaczewski, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1007/s10551-012-1273-y,Timing in Accountability and Trust Relationships,"Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874530700,10.1080/02678373.2013.761783,"Interruptions to workflow: Their relationship with irritation and satisfaction with performance, and the mediating roles of time pressure and mental demands","Understanding the mechanisms of workflow interruptions is crucial for reducing employee strain and maintaining performance. This study investigates how interruptions affect perceptions of performance and irritation by employing a within-person approach. Such interruptions refer to intruding secondary tasks, such as requests for assistance, which occur within the primary task. Based on empirical evidence and action theory, it is proposed that the occurrence of interruptions is negatively related to satisfaction with one's own performance and positively related to forgetting of intentions and the experience of irritation. Mental demands and time pressure are proposed as mediators. Data were gathered from 133 nurses in German hospitals by means of a five-day diary study (four measurements taken daily; three during a morning work shift and one after work, in the evening). Multilevel analyses showed that workflow interruptions had detrimental effects on satisfaction with one's own performance, the forgetting of intentions, and irritation. The mediation effects of mental demands and time pressure were supported for irritation and (partially) supported for satisfaction with performance. They were not supported for the forgetting of intentions. These findings demonstrate the importance of reducing the time and mental demands associated with interruptions. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",diary study | irritation | mental demands | nurses | performance | time pressure | work stress | workflow interruptions,Work and Stress,2013-01-01,Article,"Baethge, Anja;Rigotti, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875541641,10.1007/s11205-012-0046-4,Balancing Work and Family: A Panel Analysis of the Impact of Part-Time Work on the Experience of Time Pressure,"In this article we consider the consequences of work-family reconciliation, in terms of the extent to which the adjustment of the labour market career to family demands (by women) contributes to a better work-life balance. Using the Flemish SONAR-data, we analyse how changes in work and family conditions between the age of 26 and 29 are related to changes in feelings of time pressure among young working women. More specifically, by using cross-lagged models and synchronous effects panel models, we analyse (1) how family and work conditions affect feelings of time pressure, as well as (2) reverse effects which may point to (working career) adjustment strategies of coping with time pressure. Our results show that of all the considered changes in working conditions following family formation (i. e. having children), only the reduction of working hours seems to improve work-family balance (i. e. reduces the experience of time pressure). Part-time work is both a response to high time pressure, and effectively lowers time pressure. The effect of part-time work is not affected by concomitant changes in the type of paid work, rather, work characteristics that increase time pressure increase the probability of reconciling work with family life by reducing the number of work hours. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.",Panel analysis | Part-time work | Time pressure | Work-family balance | Working conditions,Social Indicators Research,2013-05-01,Article,"Laurijssen, Ilse;Glorieux, Ignace",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85090148268,10.1111/radm.12435,"Time pressure, user satisfaction and task difficulty","R&D plays a crucial role in developing new products, the commercialisation of which can drive corporate growth. Over three decades, research has focused the new product development (NPD) process and it is known that developing new products is a knowledge-intensive, risky activity. Since industry surveys show that many NPD projects, particularly software-based ones, fail to meet their schedules and objectives. Consequently, today’s R&D managers still need ways to plan and conduct NPD more effectively. Project-based Learning (PBL) – the generation of specific technical and process knowledge during and after a project – is a potential way to improve NPD. Therefore, this paper investigated the research question: Does PBL enhance the quality of planning in subsequent software development projects? The study used a sample of 47 software development projects at three multinational organisations. Significantly, the findings show that PBL does enhance the quality of planning of subsequent software development projects. In particular, the quality of planning is increased in projects with high levels of uncertainty; where team members work in a project-based structure with strong collaboration; and when the pressure to deliver projects is high. The contribution of the research at a theoretical level is that it identified an important link between learning and the quality of planning in subsequent NPD projects. At a practical level, the study identifies specific steps R&D managers can take to improve the performance of software development projects, with all their associated challenges.",,R and D Management,2021-11-01,Article,"Amaral Féris, Marco Antônio;Goffin, Keith;Zwikael, Ofer;Fan, Di",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981366244,,Exploring factors affecting unsafe behaviours in construction,"Why do workers take a chance and work from height without any safety protection? Is it because of their age, inexperience or lack of training? Is it to do with their risk perception or desire for risk taking and thrill seeking? Is it bad management style, poor safety culture or a substandard design? Does this happen everywhere around the globe or is it just one particular culture? To help us understand why there are different behavioural responses to hazards (e.g. working at height) in construction, we must first understand the factors that have affected that individual's decision-making. This paper presents early investigations taking place on a £1.6B project in the UK involving construction workers from many different backgrounds and nationalities. Through a process of literature exploration, a safety climate survey and focus group discussions, factors have been identified and explored to consider how they impact behaviours. The results suggest that time pressure, training, experience, risk perception, safety culture, culture and management are the factors most likely to be influencing behavioural responses of individuals. Time pressure is perhaps the most important factor as it was often regarded as having the greatest influence by the focus group. Survey results revealed 31% of 475 participants thought that alcohol and drugs were 'always' a factor in accidents, and hence this factor has somewhat surprisingly been identified as having a fairly significant influence. These factors will be further explored in future work using an ethnographic approach, which will yield significant insight from fine-grained, observational analysis on the project.",Behavioural safety | Human response | Time pressure,"Proceedings 29th Annual Association of Researchers in Construction Management Conference, ARCOM 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Oswald, David;Sherratt, Fred;Smith, Simon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905511735,,Impact de l'état émotionnel et de la pression du temps sur le traitement des informations commerciales en ligne,"In this article, we describe the offer assessment as an alternation of three treatment modes. These modes are: the experiential mode, heuristic mode and the deep mode. Each one of these modes occurs according to emotional states and time pressure variables. In addition, the behavioural intentions concerning the website are affected by this alternation. This research implies also a moderating impact of time pressure on the relationship between emotional states and depth of information processing. Finally, management implications are observed through the experimentation of this model in the practice.",Behavioural intentions | Commercial website | Emotional states | Offer assessment | Time pressure,"Creating Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Planning and Implementation - Proceedings of the 22nd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2013",2013-01-01,Article,"Béjaoui, Adel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,The effects of consumer perceived value on purchase intention in e-commerce platform: A time-limited promotion perspective,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919607839,10.18267/j.pep.468,Does herd behaviour arise easier under time pressure? Experimental approach,"In this paper I explain individual propensity to herding behaviour and its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task with the possibility to herd under different levels of time pressure. In the main treatments, subjects had a chance to revise their decision after seeing decisions of others, which I take as an indicator of herding behaviour. The main findings are that the propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure, although there could be an indirect effect through other variables, such as the time subjects spent revising the decision. Heart-rate significantly increased over the baseline during the performance of a task and its correlation to the subjectively stated level of stress was positive but very weak, which suggests that time pressure may not automatically induce stress but increase effort instead.",Experimental economics | Heart rate measurement | Herding | Personality traits,Prague Economic Papers,2013-01-01,Article,"Cingl, Lubomír",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896312455,10.2979/indjglolegstu.20.2.1223,"Leaving private practice: How organizational context, time pressures, and structural inflexibilities shape departures from private law practice","Numerous studies document women's overrepresentation among those leaving the profession of law. Although research has documented high turnover among women lawyers, particularly from private practice, only a handful of studies have explored the factors precipitating the decision to leave. The main causal factors identified to date include difficulties associated with combining family life and law practice and problems of discrimination and blocked career advancement. In this paper, we analyze data from a longitudinal study of nearly 1,600 Canadian lawyers, surveyed across a twenty-year period. Using survival models to estimate the timing of transitions out of private practice, we examine factors precipitating exits from private practice. We find that women are leaving private practice at higher rates than men. These departures appear to be largely the consequence of organizational structures and a practice culture that remain resistant to flexible schedules, time gaps between jobs, and parental and other leaves. Yet, the careers of contemporary lawyers appear to be characterized by more job changes, discontinuity, and movement between sectors of practice than is commonly assumed. Our paper moves discussion beyond the work-family debate and motherhood, to examine the broader issues of institutional constraints on careers of both men and women in law and policy initiatives to encourage retention of legal talent in private practice. © Indiana University Maurer School of Law.",,Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kay, Fiona M.;Alarie, Stacey;Adjei, Jones",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975458052,10.1109/HICSS.2016.668,Mora-based pre-low raising in japanese pitch accent,"In recent years, the metaphor of technical debt has received considerable attention, especially from the agile community. Still, despite the fact that agile practices are increasingly used in critical domains, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the occurrence of technical debt in critical software development projects. The results of an exploratory field study conducted across several projects reveal that a variety of business and environmental factors cause the occurrence of technical debt in critical domains. Using Grounded Theory method, these factors are categorized as ambiguity of requirement, diversity of projects, inadequate knowledge management, and resource constraints to form a theoretical model. Following previous studies we suggest that integrating agile practices, such as iterative development, review meetings, and continuous testing, into common plan-driven processes enables development teams to better identify and manage technical debt.",Agile methods | Grounded theory | Software development | Technical debt,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2016-03-07,Conference Paper,"Ghanbari, Hadi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883493988,10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.08.002,Risk judgment in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Testing a dual-systems account,"Dual-systems theorists posit distinct modes of reasoning. The intuition system reasons automatically and its processes are unavailable to conscious introspection. The deliberation system reasons effortfully while its processes recruit working memory. The current paper extends the application of such theories to the study of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with OCD often retain insight into their irrationality, implying dissociable systems of thought: intuition produces obsessions and fears that deliberation observes and attempts (vainly) to inhibit. To test the notion that dual-systems theory can adequately describe OCD, we obtained speeded and unspeeded risk judgments from OCD patients and non-anxious controls in order to quantify the differential effects of intuitive and deliberative reasoning. As predicted, patients deemed negative events to be more likely than controls. Patients also took more time in producing judgments than controls. Furthermore, when forced to respond quickly patients' judgments were more affected than controls'. Although patients did attenuate judgments when given additional time, their estimates never reached the levels of controls'. We infer from these data that patients have genuine difficulty inhibiting their intuitive cognitive system. Our dual-systems perspective is compatible with current theories of the disorder. Similar behavioral tests may prove helpful in better understanding related anxiety disorders. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Dual-systems theory | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Probability judgment | Risk perception,Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders,2013-01-01,Article,"Goldin, Gideon;Wout, Mascha van t.;Sloman, Steven A.;Evans, David W.;Greenberg, Benjamin D.;Rasmussen, Steven A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922707188,10.1109/ICRA.2011.5979637,Improvisation of offshore it outsourcing in high-velocity environments,"For improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time, Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology. Prior investigation focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified many factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from different CMM level 5 projects of reputed organizations, that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time were found. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. Testing is more than just debugging. The purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification and validation, or reliability estimation. Particularly regression testing is an expensive, but important, process. Unfortunately, there may be insufficient resources to allow for the re execution of all test cases during regression testing. In this situation, test cases are needed to be prioritized. Regression testing improves the effectiveness of regression by ordering the test cases so that the most beneficial are executed first. There are many studies on regression test case prioritization which mainly has focuses on Greedy Algorithms(GA). However, it is known that these algorithms may produce suboptimal results because they may construct results that denote only local minima within the search space. By contrast, meta heuristic and evolutionary search algorithms aim to avoid such problems. This paper addresses the problems of choice of fitness metric, characterization of landscape modality and determination of the most suitable search technique to apply. The empirical results replicate previous results concerning GA. The results show that GA perform well, although Greedy approaches are surprisingly effective given the multimodal nature of the landscape.",Capability Maturity Model (CMM) | Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) | Function Points (FP) | Greed Algorithms (GA) | Kilo Source Lines Of Code (KSLOC) | Total Quality Management (TQM),Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,2015-01-01,Article,"Srinivasan, N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870801003,10.1109/ICSSEM.2012.6340745,Psychology reactance to online recommendations: The influence of time pressure,"Recommendation systems in ecommerce may cause psychological reactance under some circumstances, which does harm to the consumers' acceptance to recommendations and even the satisfaction to the whole website. In combination with the theory of forced exposure and manipulative intent, we performed an experimental study to analyze the psychological reactance to online recommendations as well as the influence of time pressure. The result of our empirical research reveals that time pressure may influence the forced exposure and manipulative intent, and further act on the acceptance of recommendations. Our findings have implications to the online shops about how to plan recommendation services in an appropriate way, to reduce the customers' reactance and eventually to achieve a win-win result of improving both shopping experience and business performance. © 2012 IEEE.",Ecommerce | Psychological reactance | Recommendation servicess | Time pressure,"2012 3rd International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization, ICSEM 2012",2012-12-14,Conference Paper,"Wang, Yanping;Yan, Cheng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870759907,,An integrated time-space network flow model for large-scale disaster response management,"In this paper, we focus on emergency resource allocation and emergency distribution problem in the aftermath of a large-scale disaster. We analyze some unique features of emergency response management and then we develop a series of models to capture these features. Firstly, we propose an exponential utility and delay cost function to model the time pressure feature of life saving and human suffering reduction. Secondly, we use a time-space network to capture the dynamic nature of the available supply and the demand requirement, which allows for the real-time information updated in each decision-making epoch. Thirdly, we develop an integrated model by jointing the utilitybased resource allocation model with the time-space-based distribution model. Finally, we use numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed model. © 2012 ISSN 2185-2766.",Emergency response | Exponential delay cost | Exponential utility | Large-scale disaster | Time-space network,"ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications",2012-12-13,Article,"Jiang, Yiping;Zhao, Lindu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877753181,10.1186/s13040-014-0034-0,Model-based prediction of between-trial fluctuations in response caution from EEG data,,Contingent negative variation | Linear ballistic accumulation | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, ICCM 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Boehm, Udo;Van Maanen, Leendert;Forstmann, Birte;Van Rijn, Hedderik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870292878,10.1111/j.1742-7924.2011.00201.x,Relationship between perceived time pressure during visits and burnout among home visiting nurses in Japan,"Aim: The rapidly rising number of older people has inevitably caused an increasing demand for home visiting nurses. Nursing managers must develop a healthy workplace to recruit and retain a workforce of nurses. This study focused on home visiting nurses' perceptions of time pressure as a changeable work demand. The aim was to investigate perceptions of time pressure and reveal the relationship between perceived time pressure and burnout among home visiting nurses. Methods: From 32 agencies in three districts, 28 home visiting nurses agreed to participate in this study. Two hundred and eight home visiting nurses received an anonymous self-administered questionnaire by mail, and 177 (85.1%) filled out and returned the questionnaire to the researchers. The Job Demands-Resources model for burnout, which explains the relationship between a work environment and employee well-being, was used as a conceptual guide. Three survey instruments were employed: questions on sociodemographic variables and worksite environments, including time pressure; the Japanese burnout inventory; and a Japanese version of the job content questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between time pressure and burnout inventory scores. Results: About 30% of home visiting nurses perceived time pressure frequently. When home visiting nurses perceived time pressure more frequently, they experienced higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusion: Time pressure was often perceived as another job demand and had a significant relationship with burnout. This indicates the importance of lessening time pressure to develop healthy work places for community health nurses. © 2012 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.",Burnout | Home visiting nurse | Job demands-resources model | Time pressure,Japan Journal of Nursing Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Naruse, Takashi;Taguchi, Atsuko;Kuwahara, Yuki;Nagata, Satoko;Watai, Izumi;Murashima, Sachiyo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928392897,10.1007/s13369-015-1597-x,"Time pressure, memory, and task knowledge facilitate the opportunism heuristic in dynamic tasks","The complexity of software projects is growing with the increasing complexity of software systems. The pressure to fit schedules within shorter periods of time leads to initial project schedules with a complex logic. These schedules are often highly susceptible to any subsequent delays in project activities. Thus, techniques need to be developed to determine the quality of a software project schedule. Most of the existing measures of schedule quality define the goodness of a schedule in terms of its network complexity. However, these measures fail to estimate the flexibility of a schedule, that is, the extent to which a schedule can withstand delays without requiring extensive changes. The relatively few schedule flexibility measures that exist in literature suffer from several drawbacks such as lack of a theoretical foundation, not having a definite scale and not being able to distinguish between schedules with similar network topologies. In this paper, we address these issues by defining two flexibility measures for software project schedules, namely path shift and value shift, which, respectively, predict the impact of changes in activity durations on the critical paths and the critical value of a schedule. Inspired by the notion of betweenness centrality, these measures are theoretically sound, have a well-defined scale, and require little computational effort. Furthermore, by several examples and two real-life software project case studies, we demonstrate that these measures outperform the existing flexibility measures in clearly discriminating between the flexibility of software project schedules having very similar topologies.",Betweenness centrality | Schedule flexibility | Social network analysis | Software project | Software project schedule,Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2015-05-01,Article,"Khan, Muhammad Ali;Mahmood, Sajjad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887243030,10.1108/S1534-0856(2012)0000015015,"Time pressure, performance, and pproductivity","Purpose - The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question of whether there is an optimal level of time pressure in groups. Design/approach - We argue that distinguishing performance from pproductivity is a necessary step toward the eventual goal of being able to determine optimal deadlines and ideal durations of meetings. We review evidence of time pressure's differential effects on performance and pproductivity. Findings - Based on our survey of the literature, we find that time pressure generally impairs performance because it places constraints on the capacity for thought and action that limit exploration and increase reliance on welllearned or heuristic strategies. Thus, time pressure increases speed at the expense of quality. However, performance is different from pproductivity. Giving people more time is not always better for pproductivity because time spent on a task yields decreasing marginal returns to performance. Originality/value of chapter - The evidence reviewed here suggests that setting deadlines wisely can help maximize pproductivity. © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Deadlines | Performance | Pproductivity | Time pressure,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2012-12-01,Article,"Moore, Don A.;Tenney, Elizabeth R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873427333,10.1177/1071181312561078,Affect and time pressure in a simulated luggage screening paradigm: A fuzzy signal detection theory analysis,"Research on the effects of negative emotions on risk assessment profiles in decision making has shown that emotions significantly impact the perception of risk; anger reduces perceived risk, fear heightens perceived risk, and sorrow leads to more logical and objective decision making. Another situational factor that influences operator performance is time pressure, which in general is not an optimal condition for decision making. Participants performed a simulated airline luggage screening task under varying time pressures after being primed with emotion-inducing stimuli (anger, fear, or sorrow respectively). Operator performance was assessed using fuzzy signal detection theory (FSDT) analyses to evaluate the impact of various negative emotions and time pressure on performance in a visual threat detection paradigm. It was anticipated that the added cognitive stressors of negative affect and time pressure would induce more lowconfidence target-present responses (i.e., low r; near miss), albeit to differing degrees due to the distinctive effects of different negative emotions. These findings have implications for the training and performance enhancement of luggage screening operators, and, in turn, air transportation security.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Culley, Kimberly E.;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870042946,10.1080/09593969.2012.711256,The combined influence of time pressure and time orientation on consumers' multichannel choice: evidence from China,"This article deals with the influence of time pressure and time orientation on consumers' multichannel shopping behaviour. Previous studies have documented the role of time pressure on customers' channel choice in developed countries, without examining the moderating effects of time orientation on the relationship between perceived time pressure and consumers' attitudes towards online/offline channels. To fill this gap, this article aims to investigate the combined influences of time pressure and time orientation on consumers' attitude towards both online and offline shopping. The results show that time pressure helps consumers form more favourable attitudes towards online shopping than towards offline shopping. Further, the effect of time pressure on consumers' channel attitudes depends on one's time orientations. The implications for marketing channel strategies and market segmentation in Asian emerging markets are discussed. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Chinese cosmetic market | online and offline shopping | time orientation | time pressure,"International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research",2012-12-01,Article,"Xu-Priour, Dong Ling;Cliquet, Gérard;Fu, Guoqun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873144574,10.1109/ISVLSI.2004.1339508,How does time availability influence the execution of computerized emergency operating procedures,"The safe operation of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) has been a critical issue due to the possible catastrophic consequences and increasing public concern. As the majority of accidents were directly or indirectly resulted from human errors, human factors engineering is of essential importance to system safety. Time availability is one of the important factors that could significantly influence operators' performance. However, for the newly developed computer-based systems in NPP main control rooms, current understanding of time availability on the performance of the operators using these systems is still very limited. In addition, the same time availability may cause different pressure on individuals because of their different proficiency level. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of absolute time availability (same time limit for all participants) and relative time availability (time limit determined according to individual performance, a better reflection of time pressure) on operators' performance when executing a computerized emergency operating procedure (EOP) for NPP. For both kinds of time availability, five levels were set for each step in the EOP. A total of 60 students majored in engineering participated in the experiment. They were randomly assigned into 5 groups (each for one level of the time availability) and completed the EOP task in a lab setting. The data of error rate, operation time, and subjective workload were analyzed. The curves of performance change with time availability were generated. The results indicated that both absolute and relative time availability had significant effects on EOP performance. The curves of error rate and operation time under relative time availability levels were similar to those under absolute time availability levels, but the relative time availability levels always had higher error rate and less operation time. Generally, higher subjective workload was observed under higher time pressure. Copyright © (2012) by IAPSAM & ESRA.",EOP | Performance | Time availability | Time pressure,"11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Fei;Dong, Xiaolu;Li, Zhizhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872169709,10.3788/OPE.20122012.2744,pL class adhesive dispensing approach for micro bonding,"To obtain pL class adhesive drop to match the micro parts in size, three kinds of micro drop making mechanisms, injection, bubble jetting, and needle transfer, were analyzed. A pL class adhesive dispensing approach based on time-pressure dispensing was present, then pL class adhesive spots were obtained by online visual monitoring of the spot diameter, and controlling the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. The effects of three factors mentioned above on the adhesive spot size were experimented, and this technique combined with a micromanipulation system were used in Inertial Confinement Fosion(ICF) experiments to bond a fill tube and a capsule together for the cryogenic targets. The results show that the adhesive spot diameter is proportional to the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. When the internal diameter of needle tip, pressure and time are controlled to be 1.2 μm, 0 psi, and 8~10 s, the adhesive volume and diameter will be less than 3pL and 40 μm, respectively.",Adhesive dispensing | Micro adhesive bonding | Micro assembly | pL class adhesive drop | Time-pressure,Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering,2012-12-01,Article,"Shi, Ya Li;Li, Fu Dong;Yang, Xin;Zhang, Zheng Tao;Xu, De",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887485176,10.1109/LES.2010.2044365,Analysis of human visual search performance in task of spot difference,"There were few data for spot of the difference searching skilled on eye movement. Especially, it was unknown how to view and recognition of spot difference quickly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of spot the difference due to the time pressure tasks. Twelve students participated in this study (average 21 years old). Every subject equipped eye movement apparatus recorder (NAC EMR-9, Tokyo Japan), it was displayed gaze point of spot the difference as the stimulus pictures. The attention stimuli was same two photos it's has spot the difference. The device was measured the spot of the difference as x and y coordinated. It was within one minute to each one recorded searching behavior. After recording gaze and eye movement coordinate apparatus was analyzed it with analytical software (EMR-dFactory ver2.12b, Tokyo Japan). The results of this study were the findings of major two skilled patterns. They gaze tracking one side that was not easily to find out the spot of difference like as inattentional blindness. And it was too quickly eye gaze movement to detected difference. The other it was equal time and trajectory on right and left stimulus picture. © 2012 IADIS.",Behavior in visual search | Gaze movement | Sport of difference,"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2012, IHCI 2012, Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Game and Entertainment Technologies 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sato, Takeshi;Kato, Macky;Watanabe, Takayuki;Yasuoka, Hiroshi;Sugahara, Atsushi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863844447,10.1016/j.ssci.2011.11.004,Fish first. Sharp end decision-making at Norwegian fish farms.,"Aquaculture is the most accident exposed industry in Norway, after fisheries.Interviews and observations of 55 persons in twelve aquaculture companies indicate that management rely on operating workers to make all safety-decisions in the operations, for both their biological product and themselves. Still, there is no published research about aquaculture decision-making.Given the reliance in decisions on the net cages, and the industry's accident rate, it seems important to investigate how and why safety-related decisions are made. This paper explores criteria and constraints for decision-making in sharp end operations at fish farms. Two common situations with risk of loss are described and analyzed according to relevant research:. •Net cage damage discovered during feeding. How to manage both planned tasks and necessary modifications?•The well boat crew must get the fish to the harvesting plant, but the weather is bad. How to handle tasks, time pressure and unstable conditions?The findings show that decision-makers often neglect personnel safety on behalf of product safety. Even though criteria and constraints largely coincide with theory and are similar in the two example operations, the personnel safety outcome is different. In daily operations there is major risk for the operating personnel, while in the rare well boat operations the conditions best for the fish also prevent personnel harm.When dealing with a biological production process ordinary safety measures are inadequate - because when activities need to be done at the exact right time for the product to be profitable, personnel safety comes second. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.",Aquaculture | Decision-making | Fish farm | Safety | Sharp end decision settings,Safety Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Størkersen, Kristine Vedal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748883711,10.1109/BDIM.2007.375007,Production practices for high reliability in concrete construction,"Incident management is the process through which the IT support organization manages to restore normal service operation as quickly as possible and with minimum disruption to the business. One of the ultimate measures of an IT support organization's success is the amount of time it takes to resolve an incident. Reducing this value not only reduces total cost and resource allocation but also increases customer satisfaction, which is one of the most important measures of a support center's performance. However, the support organization is often unable to collect data on their performance, let alone experiment with the consequences of reshuffling the organization and playing with alternative staffing levels. In this paper, we present our approach to assessing and improving the performance of an IT support organization in managing service incidents, based on the definition of a set of performance metrics and a methodology for guided analysis that allows a user to find the root causes of poor performance and decide on corrective actions to be taken. We provide validation of the approach by discussing its application a real-life case study of a leading IT provider for the airline industry. © 2007 IEEE.",Business-driven IT management (BDIM) | Business-oriented performance measures | Data warehousing | Decision support | Incident management | Information technology infrastructure library (ITIL) | Modeling | Performance evaluation,"Second IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management, BDIM 2007",2007-10-01,Conference Paper,"Barash, Gilad;Bartolini, Claudio;Wu, Liya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873440800,10.1177/1071181312561102,Where's the beef: How pervasive is Cognitive Engineering in military research & development today?,"Cognitive Engineering methods were developed to enable human factors practitioners to understand and systematically support the cognitive work of people working ""at the sharp end of the spear."" Military members for whom DoD acquisition organizations develop systems are the quintessential ""sharp end of the spear."" This panel is proposed to share present-day experience from military and industry reflecting how pervasively Cognitive Engineering is contributing to research and development for the highly complex military systems being operated under conditions of stress, time pressure, and uncertainty today. The implications for human factors practitioners will be highlighted, both in terms of practices to continue and areas for improvement. Copyright 2012 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dominguez, Cynthia O.;McDermott, Patricia;Shattuck, Lawrence;Savage-Knepshield, Pamela;Nemeth, Christopher;Draper, Mark;Moore, Kristin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871175750,10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01839.x,Decision Making for Risk Management: A Comparison of Graphical Methods for Presenting Quantitative Uncertainty,"Previous research has shown that people err when making decisions aided by probability information. Surprisingly, there has been little exploration into the accuracy of decisions made based on many commonly used probabilistic display methods. Two experiments examined the ability of a comprehensive set of such methods to effectively communicate critical information to a decision maker and influence confidence in decision making. The second experiment investigated the performance of these methods under time pressure, a situational factor known to exacerbate judgmental errors. Ten commonly used graphical display methods were randomly assigned to participants. Across eight scenarios in which a probabilistic outcome was described, participants were asked questions regarding graph interpretation (e.g., mean) and made behavioral choices (i.e., act; do not act) based on the provided information indicated that decision-maker accuracy differed by graphical method; error bars and boxplots led to greatest mean estimation and behavioral choice accuracy whereas complementary cumulative probability distribution functions were associated with the highest probability estimation accuracy. Under time pressure, participant performance decreased when making behavioral choices. © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.",Decision making | Graphical communication | Probability | Risk management | Uncertainty,Risk Analysis,2012-12-01,Article,"Edwards, John A.;Snyder, Frank J.;Allen, Pamela M.;Makinson, Kevin A.;Hamby, David M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642303881,10.1080/00140139.2012.718802,"Railway-controller-perceived mental work load, cognitive failure and risky commuting","Few senior executives pay a whole lot of attention to computer security. They either hand off responsibility to their technical people or bring in consultants. But given the stakes involved, an arm's-length approach is extremely unwise. According to industry estimates, security breaches affect 90% of all businesses every year and cost some $17 billion. Fortunately, the authors say, senior executives don't need to learn about the more arcane aspects of their company's IT systems in order to take a hands-on approach. Instead, they should focus on the familiar task of managing risk. Their role should be to assess the business value of their information assets, determine the likelihood that those assets will be compromised, and then tailor a set of risk abatement processes to their company's particular vulnerabilities. This approach, which views computer security as an operational rather than a technical challenge, is akin to a classic quality assurance program in that it attempts to avoid problems rather than fix them and involves all employees, not just IT staffers. The goal is not to make computer systems completely secure-that's impossible-but to reduce the business risk to an acceptable level. This article looks at the types of threats a company is apt to face. It also examines the processes a general manager should spearhead to lessen the likelihood of a successful attack. The authors recommend eight processes in all, ranging from deciding how much protection each digital asset deserves to insisting on secure software to rehearsing a response to a security breach. The important thing to realize, they emphasize, is that decisions about digital security are not much different from other cost-benefit decisions. The tools general managers bring to bear on other areas of the business are good models for what they need to do in this technical space.",,Harvard Business Review,2003-06-01,Review,"Austin, Robert D.;Darby, Christopher A.R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872321538,10.1109/WCRE.2012.56,SMURF: A SVM-based incremental anti-pattern detection approach,"In current, typical software development projects, hundreds of developers work asynchronously in space and time and may introduce anti-patterns in their software systems because of time pressure, lack of understanding, communication, and - or skills. Anti-patterns impede development and maintenance activities by making the source code more difficult to understand. Detecting anti-patterns incrementally and on subsets of a system could reduce costs, effort, and resources by allowing practitioners to identify and take into account occurrences of anti-patterns as they find them during their development and maintenance activities. Researchers have proposed approaches to detect occurrences of anti-patterns but these approaches have currently four limitations: (1) they require extensive knowledge of anti-patterns, (2) they have limited precision and recall, (3) they are not incremental, and (4) they cannot be applied on subsets of systems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce SMURF, a novel approach to detect anti-patterns, based on a machine learning technique - support vector machines - and taking into account practitioners' feedback. Indeed, through an empirical study involving three systems and four anti-patterns, we showed that the accuracy of SMURF is greater than that of DETEX and BDTEX when detecting anti-patterns occurrences. We also showed that SMURF can be applied in both intra-system and inter-system configurations. Finally, we reported that SMURF accuracy improves when using practitioners' feedback. © 2012 IEEE.",Anti-pattern | empirical software engineering | program comprehension | program maintenance,"Proceedings - Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Maiga, Abdou;Ali, Nasir;Bhattacharya, Neelesh;Sabané, Aminata;Guéhéneuc, Yann Gaël;Aimeur, Esma",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874709722,10.1109/FIE.2012.6462393,Peering at the peer review process for conference submissions,"For many scholars conference papers are a stepping stone to submitting a journal article. However with increasing time pressures for presentation at conferences, peer review may in practice be the only developmental opportunity from conference attendance. Hence it could be argued that the most important opportunity to acquire the standards and norms of the discipline and develop researchers' judgement is the peer review process - but this depends on the quality of the reviews. In this paper we report the findings of an ongoing study into the peer review process of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) annual conference. We began by examining the effectiveness of reviews of papers submitted to the 2010 conference in helping authors to improve and/or address issues in their research. Authors were also given the chance to rate their reviews and we subsequently analysed both the nature of the reviews and authors' responses. Findings suggest that the opportunity to use the peer review process to induct people into the field and improve research methods and practice was being missed with almost half of the reviews being rated as 'ineffectual'. Authors at the 2011 AAEE conference confirmed the findings from the 2010 data. The results demonstrate the lack of a shared understanding in our community of what constitutes quality research. In this paper in addition to the results of the above-mentioned studies we report the framework being adopted by the AAEE community to develop criteria to be applied at future conferences and describe the reviewer activity aimed at increasing understanding of standards and developing judgement to improve research quality within our engineering education community. © 2012 IEEE.",engineering education research | peer review | research quality,"Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gardner, Anne;Willey, Keith;Jolly, Lesley;Tibbits, Gregory",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872569055,10.1287/orsc.1110.0681,Emotion expression under stress in instant messaging,"Historical accounts of human achievement suggest that accidents can play an important role in innovation. In this paper, we seek to contribute to an understanding of how digital systems might support valuable unpredictability in innovation processes by examining how innovators who obtain value from accidents integrate unpredictability into their work. We describe an inductive, grounded theory project, based on 20 case studies, that looks into the conditions under which people who make things keep their work open to accident, the degree to which they rely on accidents in their work, and how they incorporate accidents into their deliberate processes and arranged surroundings. By comparing makers working in varied conditions, we identify specific factors (e.g., technologies, characteristics of technologies) that appear to support accidental innovation. We show that makers in certain specified conditions not only remain open to accident but also intentionally design their processes and surroundings to invite and exploit valuable accidents. Based on these findings, we offer advice for the design of digital systems to support innovation processes that can access valuable unpredictability. © 2012 informs.",Accidental discovery | Accidental innovation | Accidental invention | Design of information systems | Digital technology | Innovation | Serendipity,Organization Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Devin, Lee;Sullivan, Erin E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874453400,10.1109/MC.2013.31,"Adoption of lean construction in the final stages of a construction process, why does it not happen?","Lean construction principles emphasize indistinctively streamlining construction processes, being them part of the initial stages of construction or as suggested by Justin- Time (JIT) concentrated nearer to customers taking possession of the new building. Every new project offers an opportunity to start afresh with better management techniques and it might be taken that this earlier period, free from time pressures to hand over the building, is more receptive for the application of lean concepts, as compared to latter stages. As a hypothesis, it is believed that cash flow could be jeopardized and the strategic decision to leave greater proportion of work for the end of construction might decrease the effect of ongoing lean management techniques or require greater efforts in connection to them. This research work investigates the application of lean construction principles on a 16,800sqm construction site in Fortaleza, Brazilian northeast, investigating performance outcomes as related to management lean grading according to a questionnaire developed by Hofacker (2008). It concludes that work disruptions, rework and making ready activities near to the end of the construction period accumulates and lean grading decreases when it is possibly most needed to deliver customers the required quality.",Final stages of construction | Interaction | Lean construction,IGLC 2012 - 20th Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"De Vasconcelos, Iuri A.;Soares, Marcella F.;Heineck, Luiz Fernando M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873602607,10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404859,Precise geopositioning of marine mammals using stereo photogrammetry,"Precise positioning of whales and other species in space and time is a key requirement for marine mammal research. It has been an elusive goal for years. We have developed a stereo camera based measurement system to meet the requirement. We have obtained preliminary results, and will describe ongoing improvements. The sounds of marine animals can be localized using multiple hydrophones. If these hydrophones are part of tags (like the DTAG) attached to individual animals, sometimes it is possible to identify which call is made by which individual. However, when social animals like pilot whales are very close together, it becomes very difficult to identify which individual is vocalizing. This is a critical problem for studies of marine mammal communication: we are not able to link the acoustic and tag data with the behavioral observations because we cannot accurately pinpoint where specific animals are in space, either on their own or relative to other animals. Precisely positioning the whales in space and time is also necessary to measure social cohesion, the critical variable for assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on many vulnerable marine mammals. Current thought suggests that social whales, such as pilot whales, adopt a social defense strategy, grouping closer together under threat. Thus, of the dozens of sound and noise impact studies conducted on marine mammals throughout the world attempt to assess changes in cohesion during exposure to sound. However, they all estimate inter-animal distance by eye, something that is notoriously difficult and imprecise. In short, there is currently no accurate way to measure the fundamental variable that these millions of dollars of fieldwork are trying to assess. Positioning individual body parts instead of whole animals in space and time would allow precise mensuration of body part ratios, an essential statistic for assessing health and fat reserves that is currently difficult to measure in the field. Numerous techniques have been tried to address the geopositioning requirement, none have been wholly satisfactory. We developed a battery powered stereo camera system, integrated with a GPS receiver, an attitude reference system, and a laptop computer, and collected calibrated stereo imagery from a surface vessel. The stereo camera we used initially was an off the shelf firewire based system, originally intended for machine vision purposes. It was selected in part because of time pressures on development, and proved to have too short of a baseline for the precise work demanded by the scientific requirements. Other constraints of the off the shelf system made it difficult to accommodate lighting conditions in the bright marine environment, and we have since moved to a custom system. This custom system has many features in common with stereo systems we have developed for underwater use, shortening development time and testing. These common features include camera models and interface, calibration techniques and software elements, all of which will be described. Custom software has been developed for geopositioning of targets in the stereo overlap area. By differencing of positions of multiple targets, it becomes possible to achieve precise mensuration of body parts and sizes. These measurements can be made using both monoscopic viewing of two simultaneously collected images, or if three-dimensional viewing hardware is available, in stereo. © 2012 IEEE.",behavior | geocoding | Photogrammetry | stereo,OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE: Harnessing the Power of the Ocean,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Howland, Jonathan C.;MacFarlane, Nicholas B.W.;Tyack, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862331903,10.1016/B978-0-12-374714-3.00016-1,Creativity and the work context,"This chapter summarizes and integrates the literature that has addressed the effects of contextual conditions on employee creativity. Substantial evidence suggests that employee creativity contributes to an organization's growth, effectiveness, and survival. Given the potential significance of employee creativity for the growth and effectiveness of organizations, it is not surprising that a wealth of recent studies have examined the possibility that there are personal and contextual conditions that serve to enhance (or restrict) the creativity employees exhibit at work. Most contemporary theorists define creativity as the production of ideas concerning products, practices, services, or procedures that are novel or original and potentially useful to the organization. Ideas are considered novel if they are unique relative to other ideas currently available in the organization. Ideas are considered useful if they have the potential for direct or indirect value to the organization, in either the short- or long-term. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Competition | Conflict | Creativity | Goal setting | Job design | Leadership | Networks | Rewards | Time pressure,Handbook of Organizational Creativity,2012-12-01,Book Chapter,"Oldham, Greg R.;Baer, Markus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899324360,10.4018/978-1-60960-863-7.ch005,Is the Heart Period Variability-based usability measurement of mental effort robust enough against arm movements?,"This chapter addresses the fundamental question of how the didactic approach can help in managing the impediments and fallouts in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of ERP especially for the societal progress. Further the role of e-initiative is inbuilt in its advocacy for effective delivery. The building blocks of any institution are individuals who must have training in ethics and morality. This is a normative and idealistic analysis but predestined due to continually changing socio-economic dynamics of complex society in modern times. It proposes ERP III with moral epicentre assuming that humanity can be attained if individuals are trained in the moralistic values which eventually redefine the entrepreneurial goals such that it adopts befitting approach in pursuing the specific targets. It includes three sub-areas first focusing on conceptual prologue of ERP, introductory note about didactic approach to see how it directly affects the existing schemes of individuals in the organization; second the major strategic inconsistencies along with finding out the reasons for these irregular variations; and third deals with the e-solutions managing these inconsistencies by designing and planning for institutions in a prudent manner. Precisely, this chapter highlights concept, strategic paradoxes, rebuilding through didactic approach by e-initiative and prognostic strategy for ERP III. © 2012, IGI Global.",,Strategic Enterprise Resource Planning Models for E-Government: Applications and Methodologies,2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Sharma, Sangeeta",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886451868,,Developing a theory of multitasking behavior,"The increasing use of Information Technology devices coupled with the time pressures that characterize modern life have transformed multitasking from an occasional behavior into a habit. In light of this change, a new theory is needed to explain why and how people multitask in an IT-enriched world. To this end, this paper develops a theory of multitasking behavior and identifies the causes, consequences, and patterns that characterize it. The core of the theory is the articulation of a typology of technology enactment shifts where ongoing tasks are fragmented and integrated with others due to internal or external triggers. The theory puts forth a set of propositions to explicate the causal logic for multitasking patterns and the likely performance consequences associated with them. This new theoretical view of multitasking has the potential to affect the design of systems and interfaces, to inform user behavior research, and to enrich human-computer interaction studies.",Human-Computer Interaction | Multitasking | User Behavior,"International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Benbunan-Fich, Raquel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026989505,10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.017,Passengers' shopping motivations and commercial activities at airports - The moderating effects of time pressure and impulse buying tendency,"A fuzzy logic controller has been developed to track a single nonmaneuvering target. The fuzzy controller simplifies the problem by analyzing the azimuth and elevation movements independently. The performance of the controller has been optimized primarily for error and secondarily for computation time. The resulting system is a multi-input single-output, single-closed-loop proportional controller with the platform drive motor voltage as the feedback variable. Results are summarized from experiments. The heuristic rulebase learning programs and the membership function shape are discussed. Small improvements in error reduction can be made by changing the membership functions but the most significant improvements resulted from improved rulebase learning.",,,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Schneider, Dale E.;Wang, Paul P.;Togai, Masaki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928355483,10.1017/CBO9780511805097.005,Neural Mechanisms of Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff,"This chapter explores performance measurement from an operations perspective. Members of the operations management community have been interested in performance measurement - at both the strategic and the tactical level - for decades. Wickham Skinner, widely credited with the development of the operations strategy framework, for example, observed in 1974: A factory cannot perform well on every yardstick. There are a number of common standards for measuring manufacturing performance. Among these are short delivery cycles, superior product quality and reliability, dependable delivery promises, ability to produce new products quickly, flexibility in adjusting to volume changes, low investment and hence higher return on investment, and low costs. These measures of manufacturing performance necessitate trade-offs - certain tasks must be compromised to meet others. They cannot all be accomplished equally well because of the inevitable limitations of equipment and process technology. Such trade-offs as costs versus quality or short delivery cycles versus low inventory investment are fairly obvious. Other trade-offs, while less obvious, are equally real. They involve implicit choices in establishing manufacturing policies. (Skinner, 1974, 115) Skinner's early work on operations (initially manufacturing) strategy influenced a generation of researchers, all of whom subsequently explored the question of how to align operations policies with operations objectives (see, for example, Hayes and Wheelwright, 1984; Hayes, Wheelwright and Clark, 1988; Hill, 1985; Mills, Platts and Gregory, 1995; Platts and Gregory, 1990; Slack and Lewis, 2001). It was during this phase of exploration that the operations management community's interest in performance measurement was probably at its peak, with numerous authors asking how organizational performance measurement systems could be aligned with operations strategies (for a comprehensive review of these works, see Neely, Gregory and Platts, 1995).",,"Business Performance Measurement: Unifying Theories and Integrating Practice, Second Edition",2007-01-01,Book Chapter,"Neely, Andy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868285132,,Planning under time pressure,,,Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Burns, Ethan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868286218,10.1109/SEANES.2012.6299556,Upper body musculoskeletal disorders among professional non-government city bus drivers of Kolkata,"Occupational driving has often been associated with a high prevalence of neck pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal disorders among professional non-government city male bus drivers. One hundred ten (110) bus drivers were consecutively enrolled in the study. The modified Nordic questionnaire was used as a basis for data collection during 12 months. The associations between individual characteristics, workstation and organizational risk factors for neck pain and the associations between 12-month prevalence of neck pain and prevalence of pain in adjacent regions were examined. The 12-month prevalence of neck pain was the second highest, followed by: lower back, upper back, hand, shoulder, wrist and elbow pain. The main cases of neck pain were: Strenuous and monotonous job, time pressure, prolonged working hours, low income and excessive work pressure. Consequently these factors affected bus drivers' health and work performance. © 2012 IEEE.",Bus drivers | ergonomics | musculoskeletal disorders | neck pain | psychosocial risk factors,"2012 Southeast Asian Network of Ergonomics Societies Conference: Ergonomics Innovations Leveraging User Experience and Sustainability, SEANES 2012",2012-11-07,Conference Paper,"Dev, Samrat;Gangopadhyay, Somnath",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349841167,10.5465/AMLE.2009.44287935,The eye activity measurement of mental workload based on basic flight task,"Technology management poses particular challenges for educators because it requires facility with different kinds of knowledge and wide-ranging learning abilities. We report on the development and delivery of an information technology (IT) management course designed to address these challenges. Our approach is built around a narrative, the ""IVK extended case series,"" a fictitious but reality-based story about a newly appointed, not-technically-trained chief information officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. We designed the course around a narrative and composed the narrative in a specific way to achieve two key objectives. First, this format allowed us to combine the active student orientation typical of case-based approaches with the systematic construction of cumulative theoretical frameworks more characteristic of lecture-based methods. Second, basing the narrative on the monomyth, a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world, encourages students to more fully inhabit the story's hero, which leads to fuller engagement and more active learning. We report results using this approach with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities located in different countries, and with executives at a major multinational corporation and an open enrollment program at a major business school. Student course feedback and a follow-up survey administered about 1 year after the course suggest that the extended narrative approach mostly achieves its design objectives. We suggest that the approach might be used more widely in teaching technology management, particularly with ""digital natives,"" who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment competing for their attention. © 2009 Academy of Management Learning & Education.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Nolan, Richard;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869193452,10.1080/01973533.2012.728118,The Effects of Time Pressure on Controlling Reactions to Persons With Mental Illness,"Population surveys suggest that the general public stigmatizes persons with mental illness less than in the past. However, implicit attitude measures find that immediate reactions to mentally ill persons are still negative among both the general public and people diagnosed with mental illness. Time-course data suggest that these reactions may be dynamic, with immediate negative reactions becoming less prejudicial over time. We manipulated time pressures imposed upon social judgments about a mentally ill person. Participants perceived a mentally ill person as dangerous when forced to respond quickly; participants given ample time to respond were less likely to have this perception. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,Basic and Applied Social Psychology,2012-11-01,Article,"Wesselmann, Eric D.;Reeder, Glenn D.;Pryor, John B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867971952,10.1007/11527886_29,Convergence of judgments in technological innovation audit: A case study application in a sheet metal processing equipment manufacturer,"As part of their technology strategy formulation, firms need ways to evaluate their internal technological innovation capability more effectively. Traditionally, staff meetings with personnel involved in the innovation process are used to manage the implementation of these self-assessments. The effectiveness of these meetings may be compromised by the presence of dominant personalities, by time pressures, or by bias imposed through organizational hierarchy. In this study, a technological innovation audit that encourages participation of the staff involved in innovative developments is proposed. The audit is composed of a list of statements aimed at assessing the capability of a firm to make such technological innovations. The audit is online for a predefined period of time, allowing participants to answer anonymously, make comments and check other participants' answers. They then repeat the process, altering answers as desired, as in an adapted Real Time Delphi survey. This new form of audit has been tested in a medium-sized producer of sheet metal processing equipment, and has proven to be a useful approach in firms with no formal innovation department or team. It provides a solid basis for the identification of inner strengths and weaknesses in the technological innovation process, and also offers a bottom up view free from social pressures. © 2012 IEEE.",,"2012 Proceedings of Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies, PICMET'12",2012-11-01,Conference Paper,"Santos, Cláudio;Araújo, Madalena;Correia, Nuno",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-25444495834,10.1007/BF00144630,"Associations between the occupational stress index and hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and lipid disorders in middle-aged men and women",,,Policy Sciences,1992-02-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Larkey, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67049108637,10.1057/jit.2009.1,Intelligent utilisation of digital databases for assembly time determination in early phases of product emergence,"This paper highlights the over-arching themes salient in the rapidly converging mobile computing industry. Increasingly, the developers of mobile devices and services are looking toward exploratory, non-determinist or, user-driven development methodologies in an effort to cultivate products that consumers will consistently pay for. These include Design Thinking, Living Labs, and other forms of ethnography that embrace serendipity, playfulness, error, and other human responses that have previously rested outside the orthodoxy of technology design. Secondly, the mobile device is likely the world's foremost social computer. Mobile vendors seeking to foster the production, propagation, and consumption of content on mobile devices are increasingly viewing the challenge as a complex social phenomenon, not a merely a well-defined technology problem. Research illustrating these themes is presented. © 2009 JIT Palgrave Macmillan.",Convergence | Handheld devices | Mobile computing | Mobile telephones | Social networks | Telecommunications,Journal of Information Technology,2009-06-01,Article,"Wareham, Jonathan D.;Busquets, Xavier;Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867365380,10.1109/SCC.2012.56,h-IQ: Human intelligence for quality of service delivery data,"Service delivery centers are extremely dynamic environments in which large numbers of globally distributed system administrators (SAs) manage a vast number of IT systems on behalf of customers. SAs are under significant time pressure to efficiently resolve incoming customer requests, and may fall far short of accurately capturing the intricacies of technical problems, affecting the quality of ticket data. At the same time, various data stores and warehouses aggregating business insights about operations are only as reliable as their sources. Verifying such large data sets is a laborious and expensive task. In this paper we propose system h-IQ, which embeds a grading schema and an active learning mechanism, to identify most uncertain samples of data, and most suitable human expert(s) to validate them. Expert qualification is established based on server access logs and past tickets completed. We present the system and discuss the results of ticket data assessment process. © 2012 IEEE.",automatic data quality evaluation | automation | data quality | service delivery | social networking,"Proceedings - 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2012",2012-10-17,Conference Paper,"Vukovic, Maja;Laredo, Jim;Salapura, Valentina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866847774,10.1186/1472-6947-12-113,"The effect of clinical experience, judgment task difficulty and time pressure on nurses' confidence calibration in a high fidelity clinical simulation","Background: Misplaced or poorly calibrated confidence in healthcare professionals' judgments compromises the quality of health care. Using higher fidelity clinical simulations to elicit clinicians' confidence 'calibration' (i.e. overconfidence or underconfidence) in more realistic settings is a promising but underutilized tactic. In this study we examine nurses' calibration of confidence with judgment accuracy for critical event risk assessment judgments in a high fidelity simulated clinical environment. The study also explores the effects of clinical experience, task difficulty and time pressure on the relationship between confidence and accuracy. Methods. 63 student and 34 experienced nurses made dichotomous risk assessments on 25 scenarios simulated in a high fidelity clinical environment. Each nurse also assigned a score (0-100) reflecting the level of confidence in their judgments. Scenarios were derived from real patient cases and classified as easy or difficult judgment tasks. Nurses made half of their judgments under time pressure. Confidence calibration statistics were calculated and calibration curves generated. Results: Nurse students were underconfident (mean over/underconfidence score -1.05) and experienced nurses overconfident (mean over/underconfidence score 6.56), P = 0.01. No significant differences in calibration and resolution were found between the two groups (P = 0.80 and P = 0.51, respectively). There was a significant interaction between time pressure and task difficulty on confidence (P = 0.008); time pressure increased confidence in easy cases but reduced confidence in difficult cases. Time pressure had no effect on confidence or accuracy. Judgment task difficulty impacted significantly on nurses' judgmental accuracy and confidence. A 'hard-easy' effect was observed: nurses were overconfident in difficult judgments and underconfident in easy judgments. Conclusion: Nurses were poorly calibrated when making risk assessment judgments in a high fidelity simulated setting. Nurses with more experience tended toward overconfidence. Whilst time pressure had little effect on calibration, nurses' over/underconfidence varied significantly with the degree of task difficulty. More research is required to identify strategies to minimize such cognitive biases. © 2012 Yang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",Clinical experience | Clinical judgment | Confidence calibration | Hard-easy effect | High fidelity clinical simulation | Overconfidence | Time pressure | Underconfidence,BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making,2012-01-01,Article,"Yang, Huiqin;Thompson, Carl;Bland, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866893561,10.1145/2351676.2351723,Support vector machines for anti-pattern detection,"Developers may introduce anti-patterns in their software systems because of time pressure, lack of understanding, communication, and-or skills. Anti-patterns impede development and maintenance activities by making the source code more difficult to understand. Detecting anti-patterns in a is important to ease the maintenance of software. Detecting anti-patterns could reduce costs, effort, and resources. Researchers have proposed approaches to detect occurrences of anti-patterns but these approaches have currently some limitations: they require extensive knowledge of anti-patterns, they have limited precision and recall, and they cannot be applied on subsets of systems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce SVMDetect, a novel approach to detect anti-patterns, based on a machine learning technique- support vector machines. Indeed, through an empirical study involving three subject systems and four anti-patterns, we showed that the accuracy of SVMDetect is greater than of DETEX when detecting anti-patterns occurrences on a set of classes. Concerning, the whole system, SVMDetect is able to find more anti-patterns occurrences than DETEX. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Anti-pattern | Empirical software engineering | Program comprehension | Program maintenance,"2012 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2012 - Proceedings",2012-10-05,Conference Paper,"Maiga, Abdou;Ali, Nasir;Bhattacharya, Neelesh;Sabané, Aminata;Guéhéneuc, Yann Gaël;Antoniol, Giuliano;Aïmeur, Esma",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866649091,10.1080/00221309.2012.705187,Time pressure heuristics can improve performance due to increased consistency,"Our goal is to demonstrate that potential performance theory (PPT) provides a unique type of methodology for studying the use of heuristics under time pressure. While most theories tend to focus on different types of strategies, PPT distinguishes between random and nonrandom effects on performance. We argue that the use of a heuristic under time pressure actually can increase performance by decreasing randomness in responding. We conducted an experiment where participants performed a task under time pressure or not. In turn, PPT equations make it possible to parse the observed change in performance from the unspeeded to the speeded condition into that which is due to a change in the participant's randomness in responding versus that which is due to a change in systematic factors. We found that the change in randomness was slightly more important than the change in systematic factors. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",consistency | PPT | pressure | time,Journal of General Psychology,2012-10-01,Article,"Rice, Stephen;Trafimow, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867354601,10.1177/0018720812442537,Cusp catastrophe models for cognitive workload and fatigue in a verbally cued pictorial memory task,"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate two cusp catastrophe models for cognitive workload and fatigue. They share similar cubic polynomial structures but derive from different underlying processes and contain variables that contribute to flexibility with respect to load and the ability to compensate for fatigue. Background: Cognitive workload and fatigue both have a negative impact on performance and have been difficult to separate. Extended time on task can produce fatigue, but it can also produce a positive effect from learning or automaticity. Method: In this two-part experiment, 129 undergraduates performed tasks involving spelling, arithmetic, memory, and visual search. Results: The fatigue cusp for the central memory task was supported with the quantity of work performed and performance on an episodic memory task acting as the control parameters. There was a strong linear effect, however. The load manipulations for the central task were competition with another participant for rewards, incentive conditions, and time pressure. Results supported the workload cusp in which trait anxiety and the incentive manipulation acted as the control parameters. Conclusion: The cusps are generally better than linear models for analyzing workload and fatigue phenomena; practice effects can override fatigue. Future research should investigate multitasking and task sequencing issues, physical-cognitive task combinations, and a broader range of variables that contribute to flexibility with respect to load or compensate for fatigue. Applications: The new experimental medium and analytic strategy can be generalized to virtually any realworld cognitively demanding tasks. The particular results are generalizable to tasks involving visual search. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",anxiety | buckling | cognitive workload | cusp catastrophe | fatigue | incentives | memory,Human Factors,2012-10-01,Article,"Guastello, Stephen J.;Boeh, Henry;Schimmels, Michael;Gorin, Hillary;Huschen, Samuel;Davis, Erin;Peters, Natalie E.;Fabisch, Megan;Poston, Kirsten",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865770419,10.1007/s11340-011-9572-2,A New Shear-Compression Test for Determining the Pressure Influence on the Shear Response of Elastomers,"A new shear-compression experiment for investigating the influence of hydrostatic pressure (mean stress) on the large deformation shear response of elastomers is presented. In this new design, a nearly uniform torsional shear strain is superposed on a uniform volumetric compression strain generated by axially deforming specimens confined by a stack of thin steel disks. The new design is effective in applying uniform shear and multiaxial compressive stress on specimens while preventing buckling and barreling during large deformation under high loads. By controlling the applied pressure and shear strain independently of each other, the proposed setup allows for measuring the shear and bulk response of elastomers at arbitrary states within the shear-pressure stress space. Thorough evaluation of the new design is conducted via laboratory measurements and finite element simulations. Practical issues and the need for care in specimen preparation and data reduction are explained and discussed. The main motivation behind developing this setup is to aid in characterizing the influence of pressure or negative dilatation on the constitutive shear response of elastomeric coating materials in general and polyurea in particular. Experimental results obtained with the new design illustrate the significant increase in the shear stiffness of polyurea under moderate to high hydrostatic pressures. © 2011 Society for Experimental Mechanics.",Confined test | Polyurea | Time-pressure superposition | Viscoelastic | WLF equation,Experimental Mechanics,2012-10-01,Article,"Alkhader, M.;Knauss, W. G.;Ravichandran, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952740536,10.1108/02756661011055195,Evolving robust networks for systems-of-systems,"Purpose: Interest in the uses and effects of art and methods of art making in businesses of all kinds is on the rise. In this paper, we show that the ""arts-in-business movement"" is no mere fad, that it is, in fact, driven by fundamental economic forces, two tectonic shifts moving the business world. Financial crises and other like disruptions not withstanding, these shifts will increasingly influence how companies, especially those based in developed economies, compete. Consequently, business success in a not-too-distant future will, for many companies, require a new understanding of art and art making, a sophisticated appreciation of, and a feel for, aesthetic principles. Design/methodology/approach: We develop an economics and business strategy based model using historical facts and empirical patterns to illustrate how two tectonic shifts now gathering force and momentum will change the way businesses, especially those based in developed economies, compete. The first shift, toward differentiation based business strategies, arises from the emerging realities of the globalized economy, and is enabled by increasingly mature communications and transportation networks. The second shift, toward iterative modes of production that lead to more artful innovation, is supported by recent developments in information technology. We compare the transformation from Industrial to Post-Industrial economy to a centuries earlier transition from Craft to Industrial economy, demonstrating that the changes underway have potential to be every bit as important as those earlier changes. Our arguments and analyses are based on and summarize findings from a multi-year field based research project. Findings: Business success in the not-too-distant future will, for many companies, require a new understanding of art and art making, a sophisticated appreciation of, and a feel for, aesthetic principles. Managers will need to improve their understanding of these principles, will succeed or fail in business competition based on how well they master them. Although many have long labeled certain poorly understood aspects of business ""art"" and wished to turn them into science or engineering, to make them more industrial, something more like the opposite will occur - some formerly industrial aspects of business will evolve into something very like art. Practical implications: Firms that develop and exploit artful methods will be a step ahead of their competition. Insightful managers should begin now gaining a better understanding of how notions like ""aesthetic coherence"" can improve their ability to compete. Originality/value: This paper looks at current events from a perspective rare in business practice and research, presenting familiar facts in a new light, and urging a long-term view quite different to the current short-term reasons for moving work off shore. We reach conclusions opposite (or nearly so) what many might casually assume, reaching counterintuitive endpoints of our empirically and analytically developed arguments, which many readers will consider surprising. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Arts | Design | Innovation | Product differentiation,Journal of Business Strategy,2010-05-31,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Devin, Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866635149,10.1109/ITHET.2012.6246034,Learning support framework for adult graduate students of information science,"In this paper, we propose a learning support framework for adult graduate students of information science. It allows adult graduate students under time pressure to learn effectively. The course recommendation system that is a part of the framework presents an appropriate course for a student. The framework also provides a method to pursue the cause of obstructions of studies of adult graduate students. © 2012 IEEE.",AHP | Computing Curricula 2005 | Learning support framework,"2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, ITHET 2012",2012-09-28,Conference Paper,"Seo, Akishi;Ochimizu, Koichiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037241987,10.1109/MS.2003.1159037,Bromocriptine does not alter speed-accuracy tradeoff,The difference between a good and bad system is not how well it meets the requirements one knows in advance. Meeting requirements is a necessary but insufficient condition for producing an excellent system. What makes a system great is details that are not specifiable in advance-aspects that must evolve in the making.,,IEEE Software,2003-01-01,Article,"Austin, Rob;Devin, Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866375889,,Human erroranalysis of signaland point maintenanceassets: An overview of the process forvalidation of quantification of potential human errors,"The reliability with which signals and other railway assets are maintained is key to operational safety, reliability and business efficiency. London Underground (LU) wished to understand how reliability of a number of its assets were affected by planned maintenance activities and commissioned research to obtain indicative human error rates on an individual asset basis. This paper summarises this research commissioned by LU and provides suggested recommendations to reduce error rates and hence improve reliability of these assets. The process for eliciting human error rate profiles needed to be structured, systematic, auditable, accepted by the user community and be validated. This paper outlines the approach that was taken to achieve these objectives. A number of assets were assessed, including trainstops, signals, points and track circuits. Key findings of the research were that: • LU has robust and safe maintenance regimes, the findings of this work consolidate and complement existing processes and practices and provide another level of rigor to existing maintenance regimes • Human error rates for each asset differed by line (due to different asset distributions) • Non-safety critical assets do not have the degree of independent checks on their maintenance when compared to safety critical assets and thus are more prone to human error • Availability/appropriateness of tools for the maintenance task varied by asset and influenced the probability of human error for unplanned rather than routine maintenance • Inadequate planning would lead to time pressure or inadequate resources As a result of this research a number of practical recommendations were made to improve reliability for some assets. These recommendations focused upon maintenance planning, training, availability and appropriateness of tools, and the provision of independent checks for some asset maintenance tasks.",,Rail Human Factors Around the World: Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations,2012-09-24,Conference Paper,"Traub, Paul;Wackrow, Jon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866433529,10.1038/nrn3000,Evacuation fromtrains - The railway safety challenge,"Severe accidents in transport systems such as railways means mass evacuations often under time pressure, with immediate threats and in difficult circumstances, e.g. in case of a fire or if the evacuation must take place in a tunnel or on a bridge (e.g. HSE, 2001, Voeltzel, 2002). The frequency of such events is usually low but the consequences can be severe. However, mass evacuations occur quite frequently in situations where one or several trains are stopped because of track, vehicle or traffic management problem. In these evacuations passengers and staff are exposed to risks such as the possibility of being injured by electricity or other trains passing. In these cases, where there is no initial or immediate threat to the people on board, it can take a long time before the train will be evacuated, and this can create new risks. If the environmental conditions are poor, the conditions for the people on the train can, over time, become uncomfortable and even severe due to e.g. high temperatures and crowing. When time passes, the tendency of the passengers to evacuate spontaneously will increase. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the different types of evacuation situations that can occur as well as a better understanding of passenger behaviour by use of a system safety view addressing the interaction of Human, Technology and Organisation, and to identify areas for improvement. Some areas in need of improvement are; communication, reduction of time delay in taking the decision to evacuate as well as executing the decision, and training of the staff.",Communication | Evacuation | Passenger | Risk | Train,Rail Human Factors Around the World: Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations,2012-09-24,Conference Paper,"Kecklund, Lena;Anderzén, Ingrid;Petterson, Sara;Haggstrom, Johan;Wahlstrom, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865733865,10.1177/0022146512445807,"Racial-Ethnic Biases, Time Pressure, and Medical Decisions","This study examined two types of potential sources of racial-ethnic disparities in medical care: implicit biases and time pressure. Eighty-one family physicians and general internists responded to a case vignette describing a patient with chest pain. Time pressure was manipulated experimentally. Under high time pressure, but not under low time pressure, implicit biases regarding blacks and Hispanics led to a less serious diagnosis. In addition, implicit biases regarding blacks led to a lower likelihood of a referral to specialist when physicians were under high time pressure. The results suggest that when physicians face stress, their implicit biases may shape medical decisions in ways that disadvantage minority patients. © American Sociological Association 2012.",disparities | ethnicity | quality o.h.ealth care | race | time pressure,Journal of Health and Social Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Stepanikova, Irena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863727746,10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.007,Dynamic tabletop interfaces for increasing creativity,"We designed a tabletop brainwriting interface to examine the effects of time pressure and social pressure on the creative performance. After positioning this study with regard to creativity research and human activity in dynamic environments, we present our interface and experiment. Thirty-two participants collaborated (by groups of four) on the tabletop brainwriting task under four conditions of time pressure and two conditions of social pressure. The results show that time pressure increased the quantity of ideas produced and, to some extent, increased the originality of ideas. However, it also deteriorated user experience. Besides, social pressure increased quantity of ideas as well as motivation, but decreased collaboration. We discuss the implications for creativity research and Human-Computer Interaction. Anyhow, our results suggest that the Press factor, operationalized by Time- or Social-pressure, should be considered as a powerful lever to enhance the effectiveness of creative problem solving methods. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Brainstorming | Creativity | Interactive tabletop | Social comparison | Time pressure,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Schmitt, Lara;Buisine, Stéphanie;Chaboissier, Jonathan;Aoussat, Améziane;Vernier, Frédéric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863727797,10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.023,Taking reading comprehension exams on screen or on paper? A metacognitive analysis of learning texts under time pressure,"People often attribute their reluctance to study texts on screen to technology-related factors rooted in hardware or software. However, previous studies have pointed to screen inferiority in the metacognitive regulation of learning. The study examined the effects of time pressure on learning texts on screen relative to paper among undergraduates who report only moderate paper preference. In Experiment 1, test scores on screen were lower than on paper under time pressure, with no difference under free regulation. In Experiment 2 the time condition was manipulated within participants to include time pressure, free regulation, and an interrupted condition where study was unexpectedly stopped after the time allotted under time pressure. No media effects were found under the interrupted study condition, although technology-related barriers should have taken their effect also in this condition. Paper learners who preferred this learning medium improved their scores when the time constraints were known in advance. No such adaptation was found on screen regardless of the medium preference. Beyond that, paper learning was more efficient and self-assessments of knowledge were better calibrated under most conditions. The results reinforce the inferiority of self-regulation of learning on screen and argue against technology-related factors as the main reason for this. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Digital literacy | Metacognitive monitoring and control | Metacomprehension | Self-regulated learning | Study-time allocation | Time constraints,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Ackerman, Rakefet;Lauterman, Tirza",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865335795,10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.00984.x,Registered nurses' health in community elderly care in Sweden,"Aim: To describe registered nurses' (RNs) ratings of their work-related health problems, sickness presence and sickness absence in community care of older people. To describe RNs' perceptions of time, competence and emotional pressure at work. To describe associations between time, knowledge and emotional pressure with RNs' perceptions of work-related health problems, sickness presence and sickness absence. Background: There is a global nursing shortage. It is a challenge to provide working conditions that enable RNs to deliver quality nursing care. Method: A descriptive design and a structured questionnaire were used. 213 RNs in 60 care homes for older people participated, with a response rate of 62%. Findings: RNs' reported work-related health problems, such as neck/back disorders, dry skin/dry mucous membranes, muscles/joints disorders, sleep disorders and headache. They had periods of fatigue/unhappiness/sadness because of their work (37%). Most of the RNs felt at times psychologically exhausted after work, with difficulties leaving their thoughts of work behind. RNs stated high sickness presence (68%) and high sickness absence (63%). They perceived high time pressure, adequate competence and emotional pressure at work. There was a weak to moderate correlation between RNs' health problems and time pressure. Discussion: We cannot afford a greater shortage of RNs in community care of older people. Politicians and employers need to develop a coordinated package of policies that provide a long-term and sustainable solution with healthy workplaces. Conclusion: It is important to prevent RNs' work-related health problems and time pressure at work. © 2012 The Author. International Nursing Review © 2012 International Council of Nurses.",Community elderly care | Positive practice environments | Questionnaire | Registered nurse | Time pressure | Work-related health problems,International Nursing Review,2012-09-01,Article,"Josefsson, K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864050459,10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.05.006,A matter of time: Antecedents of one-reason decision making based on recognition,"The notion of adaptive decision making implies that strategy selection in both inferences and preferences is driven by a trade-off between accuracy and effort. A strategy for probabilistic inferences which is particularly attractive from this point of view is the recognition heuristic (RH). It proposes that judgments rely on recognition in isolation-ignoring any further information that might be available-and thereby allows for substantial effort-reduction. Consequently, it is herein hypothesized that and tested whether increased necessity of effort-reduction-as implemented via time pressure-fosters reliance on the RH. Two experiments corroborated that this was the case, even with relatively mild time pressure. In addition, this result held even when non-compliance with the response deadline did not yield negative monetary consequences. The current investigations are among the first to tackle the largely open question of whether effort-related factors influence the reliance on heuristics in memory-based decisions. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..",Adaptive decision making | Effort-reduction | Fast and frugal heuristics | Multinomial processing tree models | Recognition heuristic | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2012-09-01,Article,"Hilbig, Benjamin E.;Erdfelder, Edgar;Pohl, Rüdiger F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866105696,10.1007/s00464-012-2193-8,Conscious monitoring and control (reinvestment) in surgical performance under pressure,"Background: Research on intraoperative stressors has focused on external factors without considering individual differences in the ability to cope with stress. One individual difference that is implicated in adverse effects of stress on performance is reinvestment, the propensity for conscious monitoring and control of movements. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reinvestment on laparoscopic performance under time pressure. Methods: Thirty-one medical students (surgery rotation) were divided into high- and low-reinvestment groups. Participants were first trained to proficiency on a peg transfer task and then tested on the same task in a control and time pressure condition. Outcome measures included generic performance and process measures. Stress levels were assessed using heart rate and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: High and low reinvestors demonstrated increased anxiety levels from control to time pressure conditions as indicated by their STAI scores, although no differences in heart rate were found. Low reinvestors performed significantly faster when under time pressure, whereas high reinvestors showed no change in performance times. Low reinvestors tended to display greater performance efficiency (shorter path lengths, fewer hand movements) than high reinvestors. Conclusion: Trained medical students with a high individual propensity to consciously monitor and control their movements (high reinvestors) displayed less capability (than low reinvestors) to meet the demands imposed by time pressure during a laparoscopic task. The finding implies that the propensity for reinvestment may have a moderating effect on laparoscopic performance under time pressure. © 2012 The Author(s).",Laparoscopic training | Motor learning and control | Motor skills | Reinvestment | Surgical stressors | Time pressure,Surgical Endoscopy,2012-01-01,Article,"Malhotra, Neha;Poolton, Jamie M.;Wilson, Mark R.;Ngo, Karen;Masters, Rich S.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029117154,10.1002/9781118830208,Optimization from a working baseline: A design education approach,"Optimization from a working baseline is a design education approach that has been adopted at University of California, San Diego after watching years of students attempt overly ambitious designs under tight time constraints. The end results were often that designs were completed without time for optimization or comparison of theory to hardware performance, and the educational message of good design practice was not being conveyed. There was specific concern that analysis was not being applied in hands on design projects, rather under time pressure students often resorted to an unguided trial-and-error approach. To remedy this situation, we separated our mechanical and aerospace senior design courses into two distinct projects. Our first senior design project uses the working baseline approach, where students use analysis to optimize a reduced degree-of-freedom system. In these projects students gain design and analysis skills that prepare them to tackle more complex design challenges. A second project is then addressed, which includes all of the wonderful complexity and uncertainty that are characteristic of open-ended problems in engineering design. © 2012 American Society for Engineering Education.",,"ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings",2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Delson, Nathan;Anderson, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864692246,10.1177/0192513X11425324,Parental Time Pressures and Depression Among Married Dual-Earner Parents,"This article examines whether there is an association between depression and parental time pressure among employed parents. Using a sample of 248 full-time employed parents and using the stress process framework, I also examine the extent to which gender, socioeconomic status, social support, and job conditions account for variation in the association between parenting strains and depression. Results indicate that parental time pressure is significantly associated with depression among mothers and fathers, and that well-off parents are significantly less depressed by parental time strains than less affluent parents. A significant portion of the association between parental time strains and depression is explained by job demands, and perceived social support does not buffer the association between parental time pressure and depression. Women in high control jobs are less depressed by parental time pressure than other employed mothers but conversely, among fathers, high job control amplifies the association between parental time pressure and depression. © The Author(s) 2012.",depression | gender differences | parent-child time | time pressure | work and family roles,Journal of Family Issues,2012-08-13,Article,"Roxburgh, Susan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84989916386,10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.710.198,Oscillatory correlates of controlled speed-accuracy tradeoff in a response-conflict task,"Guala Closures Group is the world leader in the production of aluminum closures for the beverage industry, with interests in the spirits, wine, water, oil, vinegar and pharma market. The company holds 70+ active patents worldwide and the annual gross income is approx. 500M £. Guala Closures Group has been a proven industrial leader in its sector that not only is now the largest manufacturer of caps and closures worldwide with a production capacity of 14+ billion closures per year, but has many times lead the venture for innovation in the industry. The goal of this paper is to expose the production processes that stand behind Guala Closures Group, its products, the technological innovation and its success. The paper will begin with a thorough analysis of the current state of the art for the production process of aluminum closures. Secondly, the analysis will shift onto the key factor to success in the manufacturing world of aluminum closures: Drive for Innovation.",Aluminum closures | Guala Closures | Innovative processes in aluminum closures | Process innovation,Key Engineering Materials,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Bove, Francesco;Tagliabue, Carlo;Mittino, Maurizio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864474228,10.1108/09600031211258156,The impact of coping with time pressure on boundary spanner collaborative behaviors,"Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the direct and interaction effects of managers' tactics to deal with time pressure on behaviors and relational norms across transactional and collaborative buyer-supplier relationships. Design/methodology/approach: This research utilizes a novel scenario-based experimental design. The lack of behavioral experimentation in logistics research is noticeable given the vital role that human judgment and decision making play in managing contemporary supply chains. Findings: When supplier personnel exhibit signs of coping with time pressure, individual boundary spanners in buying organizations are less willing to engage in key collaborative behaviors and relational norms. These adverse effects are intensified in closer buyer-supplier relationships. Research limitations/implications: Although internal validity is maximized in this type of research, such gains are achieved through the development of artificial business scenarios that lack external validity. Practical implications: Although it should not be as much of a concern in working with transactional customers, supplier personnel involved in collaborative relationships should be cognizant of the potential negative impact of coping with time pressure and allot sufficient resources to manage critical partnerships. Originality/value: This research contributes to better understanding the clash between maintaining collaborative relationships while simultaneously coping with time pressure. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Buyer-supplier relationships | Buyers | Collaboration | Relationship norms | Situational constraints | Supplier relations | Supply chain management | Supply chain relationships | Time pressure,International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,2012-08-01,Article,"Fugate, Brian S.;Thomas, Rodney W.;Golicic, Susan L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863954035,10.1177/0018720811432307,Negative affect reduces team awareness: The effects of mood and stress on computer-mediated team communication,"Objective: This article presents research on the effects of varying mood and stress states on within-team communication in a simulated crisis management environment, with a focus on the relationship between communication behaviors and team awareness. Background: Communication plays a critical role in team cognition along with cognitive factors such as attention, memory, and decision-making speed. Mood and stress are known to have interrelated effects on cognition at the individual level, but there is relatively little joint exploration of these factors in team communication in technologically complex environments. Method: Dyadic communication behaviors in a distributed six-person crisis management simulation were analyzed in a factorial design for effects of two levels of mood (happy, sad) and the presence or absence of a time pressure stressor. Results: Time pressure and mood showed several specific impacts on communication behaviors. Communication quantity and efficiency increased under time pressure, though frequent requests for information were associated with poor performance. Teams in happy moods showed enhanced team awareness, as revealed by more anticipatory communication patterns and more detailed verbal responses to teammates than those in sad moods. Conclusion: Results show that the attention-narrowing effects of mood and stress associated with individual cognitive functions demonstrate analogous impacts on team awareness and information-sharing behaviors and reveal a richer understanding of how team dynamics change under adverse conditions. Application: Disentangling stress from mood affords the opportunity to target more specific interventions that better support team awareness and task performance. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",communication | computer-supported cooperative work | mood | stress | team awareness | team cognition,Human Factors,2012-08-01,Article,"Pfaff, Mark S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864365275,10.1109/ICSSP.2012.6225972,Software process simulation is simulation too - What can be learned from other domains of simulation?,"Simulation is an important method and tool in many fields of engineering. Compared to these, simulation plays only a minor role in the field of software processes and software engineering. Examining this discrepancy, four theses are formulated as suggestions for future directions of software process simulation: 1. Simulation requires efforts, but ""not simulating"" might cause considerable costs as well, e.g. by wrong assumptions or expectations. These costs must be addressed and understood as well. 2. A model is always a simplification with many uncertainties. However, this is not a counter-argument by itself but must be evaluated in the perspective of purpose and available alternatives. 3. Future process simulation models must and will be much more complex than today. The necessary complexity can only be handled by relying on a rich set of mature components. This requires a joined effort and appreciation of the respective groundwork. 4. There are areas of software process modelling, which have already achieved some maturity, e.g. the interrelationships of volume of work, productivity, resources, and defect injection and removal. However, there are other aspects, which need further research to develop adequate modeling concepts, e.g. influence of architectural quality on later process stages, influence of process area capabilities within a dynamic simulation, or combined effects of human factors like time pressure, motivation, or knowledge acquisition. © 2012 IEEE.",,"2012 International Conference on Software and System Process, ICSSP 2012 - Proceedings",2012-08-01,Conference Paper,"Birkhölzer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905821451,10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227166,Disengagement in pair programming: Does it matter?,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Sonne, Thorkil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864274174,10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227027,Teaching software engineering and software project management: An integrated and practical approach,"We present a practical approach for teaching two different courses of Software Engineering (SE) and Software Project Management (SPM) in an integrated way. The two courses are taught in the same semester, thus allowing to build mixed project teams composed of five-eight Bachelor's students (with development roles) and one or two Master's students (with management roles). The main goal of our approach is to simulate a real-life development scenario giving to the students the possibility to deal with issues arising from typical project situations, such as working in a team, organising the division of work, and coping with time pressure and strict deadlines. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2012-07-30,Conference Paper,"Bavota, Gabriele;De Lucia, Andrea;Fasano, Fausto;Oliveto, Rocco;Zottoli, Carlo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85004267226,10.1177/004057369605200408,First results from an investigation into the validity of developer reputation derived from wiki articles and source code,,,Theology Today,1996-01-01,Article,"Spencer, Jon Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38349125723,10.1145/2304696.2304702,Characterizing real-time reflexion-based architecture recovery: An in-vivo multi-case study,,,Harvard Business Review,2008-01-01,Short Survey,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013115589,10.1504/ijbpm.2000.000066,Ambiguous data association and entangled attribute estimation,"The economic importance of ‘knowledge work’ has become widely accepted. Less widely accepted are the changes knowledge work requires in how we manage performance. This paper explores the differences between knowledge work and more traditional physical and managerial work, in the context of economic agency models, the most rigorous extant theoretical representations of how to manage performance. Assumptions derived from the characteristics of knowledge work are used to extend agency models. The conclusions about how to manage from this extended model are different from the conclusions of traditional agency models. Linking measured performance and compensation - a common recommendation that arises from interpretations of agency theories - is effective in knowledge work contexts only if knowledge workers are intrinsically motivated. We conclude that agency models and recommendations derived from them are relevant only to the extent that they employ modified assumptions consistent with the distinctive characteristics of knowledge work and knowledge workers. © 2000 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",Agency theory | knowledge work | motivation | principal-agent theory | skills,International Journal of Business Performance Management,2000-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Larkey, Patrick D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861004069,10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.03.005,"Decision making under time pressure, modeled in a prospect theory framework","The current research examines the effects of time pressure on decision behavior based on a prospect theory framework. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants estimated certainty equivalents for binary gains-only bets in the presence or absence of time pressure. In Experiment 3, participants assessed comparable bets that were framed as losses. Data were modeled to establish psychological mechanisms underlying decision behavior. In Experiments 1 and 2, time pressure led to increased risk attractiveness, but no significant differences emerged in either probability discriminability or outcome utility. In Experiment 3, time pressure reduced probability discriminability, which was coupled with severe risk-seeking behavior for both conditions in the domain of losses. No significant effects of control over outcomes were observed. Results provide qualified support for theories that suggest increased risk-seeking for gains under time pressure. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.",Choice | Decision making | Gambling | Probability | Prospect theory | Time pressure,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2012-07-01,Article,"Young, Diana L.;Goodie, Adam S.;Hall, Daniel B.;Wu, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864626704,10.1017/s1930297500002849,Testing the effect of time pressure on asymmetric dominance and compromise decoys in choice,"Dynamic, connectionist models of decision making, such as decision field theory (Roe, Busemeyer, & Townsend, 2001), propose that the effect of context on choice arises from a series of pairwise comparisons between attributes of alternatives across time. As such, they predict that limiting the amount of time to make a decision should decrease rather than increase the size of contextual effects. This prediction was tested across four levels of time pressure on both the asymmetric dominance (Huber, Payne, & Puto, 1982) and compromise (Simonson, 1989) decoy effects in choice. Overall, results supported this prediction, with both types of decoy effects found to be larger as time pressure decreased.",Asymmetric dominance | Choice | Compromise | Context | Decision making | Time pressure,Judgment and Decision Making,2012-01-01,Article,"Pettibone, Jonathan C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870449624,10.1016/S0164-1212(96)00156-2,The role of time pressure and accountability in moderating the impact of expectancies on judgments of tennis performance,"Two studies are reported that investigated the role that time pressure and accountability play in moderating expectancy based judgments of a tennis player's performance. Adopting a between subjects design, male participants (N = 57, N = 62, respectively) with experience of viewing or playing tennis watched video footage of a tennis player displaying either positive or negative body language during the standard warm-up period that precedes the start of a tennis match. An identical period of play was then viewed by all participants with judgments of the player's performance being recorded on seven Likert-type scales. Time pressure (Study 1) and accountability (Study 2) served as additional independent variables which were manipulated in conjunction with the body language condition during the warm-up phase. In Study 1, between groups analysis of variance demonstrated an interaction between body language and time pressure (p = .001; ηp2 = . 18) such that when under time pressure the participants rated the player's performance more favourably having previously viewed the player displaying positive as opposed to negative body language. In Study 2, between groups analysis of variance evidenced a main effect for body language (p = .02; ηp2 =.10), however accountability was not seen to influence judgments of the player. This work confirms the existence of expectancy effects in sport and indicates that observers may be more susceptible to being influenced by prior held expectations of athletes when judgments are made under time pressure.",Accountability | Social perception | Time pressure,International Journal of Sport Psychology,2012-07-01,Article,"Buscombe, Richard M.;Greenlees, Iain A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862490111,10.1007/978-3-642-30950-2_113,Using time pressure to promote mathematical fluency,Time pressure helps students practice efficient strategies. We report strong effects from using games to promote fluency in mathematics. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.,educational games | evaluation | fluency | mathematics | number sense | retention,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2012-06-22,Conference Paper,"Ritter, Steve;Nixon, Tristan;Lomas, Derek;Stamper, John;Ching, Dixie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862812377,10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.061,Evaluating emergency response capacity by fuzzy AHP and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach,"Emergency management (EM) is a very important issue with various kinds of emergency events frequently taking place. One of the most important components of EM is to evaluate the emergency response capacity (ERC) of emergency department or emergency alternative. Because of time pressure, lack of experience and data, experts often evaluate the importance and the ratings of qualitative criteria in the form of linguistic variable. This paper presents a hybrid fuzzy method consisting fuzzy AHP and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach to evaluate emergency response capacity. This study has been done in three stages. In the first stage we present a hierarchy of the evaluation index system for emergency response capacity. In the second stage we use fuzzy AHP to analyze the structure of the emergency response capacity evaluation problem. Using linguistic variables, pairwise comparisons for the evaluation criteria and sub-criteria are made to determine the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria. In the third stage, the ratings of sub-criteria are assessed in linguistic values represented by triangular fuzzy numbers to express the qualitative evaluation of experts' subjective opinions, and the linguistic values are transformed into 2-tuples. Use the 2-tuple linguistic weighted average operator (LWAO) to compute the aggregated ratings of criteria and the overall emergency response capacity (OERC) of the emergency alternative. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed hybrid fuzzy approach by means of comparing the emergency response capacity of three emergency alternatives. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2-Tuple fuzzy linguistic approach | Emergency response capacity | Fuzzy AHP,Expert Systems with Applications,2012-06-15,Article,"Ju, Yanbing;Wang, Aihua;Liu, Xiaoyue",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349327333,10.17705/1cais.02419,The optimality of sensory processing during the speed-accuracy tradeoff,"We report on the design and implementation of an unusual course in Information Systems (IS) management built around an extended case series: a fictitious but reality-based story about the trials and tribulations of a newly appointed but not-technically-trained Chief Information Officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. Together the cases constitute a true-to-life novel about IS management (published, in fact, as a novel, as well as individual cases). Four principles guided development of the series and its associated pedagogy: 1) Emphasis on integrative, soft-skill, and business-oriented aspects of IS independent of underlying technologies; 2) Student derivation and ongoing refinement of cumulative theoretical frameworks arrived at via in-class discussion; 3) Identification of a set of core issues vital to practice that collectively approximate IS management as a business discipline; and 4) Design for student engagement, in particular by basing the case story on the monomyth a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world. A supporting website facilitates sharing of teaching materials and experiences by faculty using the case series. We report results from using this curriculum with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities in different countries and with executives at a multinational corporation and in an executive program at Harvard Business School. Our results suggest that a novel-based approach holds considerable promise for use at undergraduate, graduate, and executive levels, and that it might have advantages in addressing the so-called enrollment crisis in IS education, especially with the generation of digital natives who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment that compete for their attention. © 2009 by the authors.",Case-based learning | Information systems curriculum | IS curriculum development | IS education | IS management education,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Nolan, Richard L.;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861746029,10.1177/1046496412440055,Time Pressure Affects Process and Performance in Hidden-Profile Groups,"In the present experiment, members of three-person groups read information about two hypothetical cholesterol-reducing drugs and collectively chose the better drug under high or low time pressure. Information was distributed to members as a hidden profile such that the information that supported the better drug was unshared before discussion. Correct solution of the hidden profile required members to pool their unshared knowledge. Some groups discussed the drug information from memory (memory condition). Others kept the drug information during discussion, accessing sheets that either indicated which pieces of information were shared and unshared (informed access condition) or did not (access condition). Low time pressure groups chose the better drug more often than high time pressure groups, particularly when groups had access to information. Groups in the informed access condition chose the correct drug more often than groups in the memory and access conditions. Memory groups showed the typical discussion bias favoring shared over unshared information, whereas groups with access to information during discussion reversed this bias. This effect was stronger under low than high time pressure. © The Author(s) 2012.",hidden profile | information sharing | time pressure,Small Group Research,2012-06-01,Article,"Bowman, Jonathan M.;Wittenbaum, Gwen M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862069816,10.1145/2207676.2207689,Not doing but thinking: The role of challenge in the gaming experience,"Previous research into the experience of videogames has shown the importance of the role of challenge in producing a good experience. However, defining exactly which challenges are important and which aspects of gaming experience are affected is largely under-explored. In this paper, we investigate if altering the level of challenge in a videogame influences people's experience of immersion. Our first study demonstrates that simply increasing the physical demands of the game by requiring gamers to interact more with the game does not result in increased immersion. In a further two studies, we use time pressure to make games more physically and cognitively challenging. We find that the addition of time pressure increases immersion as predicted. We argue that the level of challenge experienced is an interaction between the level of expertise of the gamer and the cognitive challenge encompassed within the game. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Challenge | Games | Immersion,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Cox, Anna L.;Cairns, Paul;Shah, Pari;Carroll, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862091086,10.1145/2207676.2207744,Detecting Error-Related Negativity for interaction design,This paper examines the ability to detect a characteristic brain potential called the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) using off-the-shelf headsets and explores its applicability to HCI. ERN is triggered when a user either makes a mistake or the application behaves differently from their expectation. We first show that ERN can be seen on signals captured by EEG headsets like Emotiv™ when doing a typical multiple choice reaction time (RT) task - Flanker task. We then present a single-trial online ERN algorithm that works by pre-computing the coefficient matrix of a logistic regression classifier using some data from a multiple choice reaction time task and uses it to classify incoming signals of that task on a single trial of data. We apply it to an interactive selection task that involved users selecting an object under time pressure. Furthermore the study was conducted in a typical office environment with ambient noise. Our results show that online single trial ERN detection is possible using off-the-shelf headsets during tasks that are typical of interactive applications. We then design a Superflick experiment with an integrated module mimicking an ERN detector to evaluate the accuracy of detecting ERN in the context of assisting users in interactive tasks. Based on these results we discuss and present several HCI scenarios for use of ERN. Copyright 2012 ACM.,Brain Computer Interface | EEG | Electroencephalography | Error Related Negativity | Flick | User interface,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Vi, Chi Thanh;Subramanian, Sriram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861213188,10.1109/C5.2012.7,Test quality feedback improving effectivity and efficiency of unit testing,"Writing unit tests for a software system enhances the confidence that a system works as expected. Since time pressure often prevents a complete testing of all application details developers need to know which new tests the system requires. Developers also need to know which existing tests take the most time and slow down the whole development process. Missing feedback about less tested functionality and reasons for long running test cases make it, however, harder to create a test suite that covers all important parts of a software system in a minimum of time. As a result a software system may be inadequately tested and developers may test less frequently. Our approach provides test quality feedback to guide developers in identifying missing tests and correcting low-quality tests. We provide developers with a tool that analyzes test suites with respect to their effectivity (e.g., missing tests) and efficiency (e.g., time and memory consumption). We implement our approach, named Path Map, as an extended test runner within the Squeak Smalltalk IDE and demonstrate its benefits by improving the test quality of representative software systems. © 2012 IEEE.",Dynamic Analysis | Test Quality Feedback | Unit Tests,"Proceedings - 10th International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing, C5 2012",2012-05-23,Conference Paper,"Perscheid, Michael;Cassou, Damien;Hirschfeld, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975070500,10.1109/CogSIMA.2012.6188384,Framework for the Analysis of Information Relevance (FAIR),,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2016-12-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Upton, David M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860849759,10.1016/j.visres.2011.09.007,Accounting for speed-accuracy tradeoff in perceptual learning,"In the perceptual learning (PL) literature, researchers typically focus on improvements in accuracy, such as . d'. In contrast, researchers who investigate the practice of cognitive skills focus on improvements in response times (RT). Here, we argue for the importance of accounting for both accuracy and RT in PL experiments, due to the phenomenon of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT): at a given level of discriminability, faster responses tend to produce more errors. A formal model of the decision process, such as the diffusion model, can explain the SAT. In this model, a parameter known as the drift rate represents the perceptual strength of the stimulus, where higher drift rates lead to more accurate and faster responses. We applied the diffusion model to analyze responses from a yes-no coherent motion detection task. The results indicate that observers do not use a fixed threshold for evidence accumulation, so changes in the observed accuracy may not provide the most appropriate estimate of learning. Instead, our results suggest that SAT can be accounted for by a modeling approach, and that drift rates offer a promising index of PL. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.",Perceptual learning | Response times | Signal detection theory | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Vision Research,2012-05-15,Article,"Liu, Charles C.;Watanabe, Takeo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870612086,10.2308/accr-10213,The effect of the strictness of consultation requirements on fraud consultation,"We investigate how the strictness of a requirement to consult on potential client fraud affects auditors' propensity to consult with firm experts. We consider two specific forms of guidance about fraud consultations: (1) strict, i.e., mandatory and binding; and (2) lenient, i.e., advisory and non-binding. We predict that a strict consultation requirement will lead to greater propensity to consult, particularly under certain client- and engagement-related conditions. Results from two experiments with 163 Dutch audit managers and partners demonstrate that consultation propensity is higher under a strict consultation requirement, but only when underlying fraud risk is high. The strictness effect is also greater under tight versus relaxed time pressure. Further, a strict standard increases auditors' perceived probability that a fraud indicator exists. Overall, we demonstrate that the formulation of a standard can have the desired effect on the judgments of auditors while also creating unexpected incentives that may influence auditor judgments.",Auditing standards | Consultation propensity | Consultation requirement | Deadline pressure | Fraud | Fraud risk,Accounting Review,2012-05-01,Article,"Gold, Anna;Knechel, W. Robert;Wallage, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859615613,10.1080/13668803.2011.609656,Understanding the roles of subjective and objective aspects of time in the work-family interface,"The experience of time has been posited as an important predictor of work-family conflict; however, few studies have considered subjective and objective aspects of time conjointly. This study examined the reported number of hours dedicated to work and family as indices of objective aspects of time, and perceived time pressure (in the work and family domains respectively) as an important feature of the subjective nature of temporal experiences within the work-family interface. Results indicate that the stress of having insufficient time to fulfill commitments in one domain (i.e., perceived time pressure) predicts work-family conflict, and that perceived time pressures predict the amount of time allocated to a domain. Additionally, findings suggest that domain boundaries are not symmetrical, with work boundaries being more rigidly constructed than family boundaries. Workto-family and family-to-work conflict were generally related to overall health, turnover intentions, and work performance, as expected. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",health | performance | time pressure | turnover intentions | work-family conflict,"Community, Work and Family",2012-05-01,Article,"Dugan, Alicia G.;Matthews, Russell A.;Barnes-Farrell, Janet L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863872829,10.5153/sro.2626,Qualitative secondary analysis and social explanation,"The current paper takes as a focus some issues relating to the possibility for, and effective conduct of, qualitative secondary data analysis. We consider some challenges for the re-use of qualitative research data, relating to researcher distance from the production of primary data, and related constraints on knowledge of the proximate contexts of data production. With others we argue that distance and partial knowledge of proximate contexts may constrain secondary analysis but that its success is contingent on its objectives. So long as data analysis is fit for purpose then secondary analysis is no poor relation to primary analysis. We argue that a set of middle range issues has been relatively neglected in debates about secondary analysis, and that there is much that can be gained from more critical reflection on how salient contexts are conceptualised, and how they are accessed, and assumed, within methodologies and extant data sets. We also argue for more critical reflection on how effective knowledge claims are built. We develop these arguments through a consideration of ESRC Timescapes qualitative data sets with reference to an illustrative analysis of gender, time pressure and work/family commitments. We work across disparate data sets and consider strategies for translating evidence, and engendering meaningful analytic conversation, between them. © Sociological Research Online, 1996-2012.",Gender | Qualitative research methods | Re-Use | Secondary analysis | Time pressure,Sociological Research Online,2012-01-01,Article,"Irwin, Sarah;Winterton, Mandy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863451137,,Which stressors are associated with which forms of depression in a homogenous sample? an analysis of the effects of lifestyle changes and demands on five subtypes of depression,"Background: Although depression is often considered as a single or unitary construct, evidence indicates the existence of several major subtypes of depression, some of which have distinct neurobiological bases and treatment options. Objective: To explore the incidence of five subtypes of depression, and to identify which lifestyle changes and stressor demands are associated with each of five established subtypes of depression, within a homogenous non-clinical sample. Method: 398 Australian university students completed the Effects of University Study on Lifestyle Questionnaire to identify their major stressors, plus the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale to measure their symptomatology. Regression analysis was used to identify which stressors were most powerful predictors of each depression subtype. Results: The five different subtypes of depression were predicted by a range of different stressors. Incidence of clinically significant scores for the subtypes of depression varied, with some participants experiencing more than one subtype of depression. Conclusions: Different depression subtypes were predicted by different stressors, potentially challenging the clinical validity of depression as a unitary construct. Although restricted in their generalisability to clinical patient samples, these findings suggest further targets for research with depressed patients.",Depression | Stress | Treatment,German Journal of Psychiatry,2012-05-01,Article,"Bitsika, Vicki;Sharpley, Christopher F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860318345,10.1080/10454446.2012.666453,Acceptance of Genetically Modified Foods with Health Benefits: A Study in Germany,"A study was carried out in Germany in order to assess consumers' acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods with health benefits (bread, yohurt and eggs). Acceptability of GM foods increases when its source does not involve animal products such as eggs. Three factors have been identified as direct antecedents of the acceptance of GM foods: respondents' attitude towards biotechnology, health consciousness, and time pressure, being the first one the most salient one. Price consciousness has an indirect positive impact (mediated by health consciousness) upon acceptance of GM products. Males were more likely to accept GM foods with health benefits. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",attitude toward biotechnology | GM food | health and price consciousness | time pressure,Journal of Food Products Marketing,2012-05-01,Article,"Rojas-Méndez, José I.;Ahmed, Sadrudin A.;Claro-Riethmüller, Rodrigo;Spiller, Achim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858114903,10.1016/j.trf.2012.02.004,"Velocity versus safety: Impact of goal conflict and task difficulty on drivers' behaviour, feelings of anxiety, and electrodermal responses","This paper proposes a goal conflict model that links drivers' conflicting motivations for fast and safe driving with an emotional state of anxiety. It is proposed that this linkage is mediated by a behavioural inhibition system (Gray & McNaughton, 2000) affecting drivers' mood, physiological responses and choice of speed. The model was tested with 24 male participants, each of whom undertook 18 runs of a simple driving simulation. On each run, the goal conflict was induced by time pressure and the advance warning of a possible encounter with a deer. The conflict's intensity varied depending on the magnitude of the equally-sized gain and loss assigned to early arrival and collision respectively. Results show that the larger the conflict, the more slowly the participants drove. In addition, they rated themselves as being more anxious, attentive, and aroused. An increase in task difficulty induced by low visibility resulted in an additional speed reduction and increase in self-reported anxiety but did not lead to a further increase in self-assessed attention and arousal. Overall, the number of electrodermal responses depended neither on conflict nor on task difficulty, but increased linearly with conflict during low visibility. Implications for the incorporation of goal conflict into theories on driving behaviour and conclusions for traffic safety policies are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Accident risk | Anxiety | Driving behaviour | Goal conflict | Speed selection,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2012-01-01,Article,"Schmidt-Daffy, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864539129,10.1097/TA.0b013e318246e879,A web-based model to support patient-to-hospital allocation in mass casualty incidents,"BACKGROUND: In a mass casualty situation, evacuation of severely injured patients to the appropriate health care facility is of critical importance. The prehospital stage of a mass casualty incident (MCI) is typically chaotic, characterized by dynamic changes and severe time constraints. As a result, those involved in the prehospital evacuation process must be able to make crucial decisions in real time. This article presents a model intended to assist in the management of MCIs. The Mass Casualty Patient Allocation Model has been designed to facilitate effective evacuation by providing key information about nearby hospitals, including driving times and real-time bed capacity. These data will enable paramedics to make informed decisions in support of timely and appropriate patient allocation during MCIs. The model also enables simulation exercises for disaster preparedness and first response training. METHODS: Road network and hospital location data were used to precalculate road travel times from all locations in Metro Vancouver to all Level I to III trauma hospitals. Hospital capacity data were obtained from hospitals and were updated by tracking patient evacuation from the MCI locations. In combination, these data were used to construct a sophisticated web-based simulation model for use by emergency response personnel. RESULTS: The model provides information critical to the decision-making process within a matter of seconds. This includes driving times to the nearest hospitals, the trauma service level of each hospital, the location of hospitals in relation to the incident, and up-to-date hospital capacity. CONCLUSION: The dynamic and evolving nature of MCIs requires that decisions regarding prehospital management be made under extreme time pressure. This model provides tools for these decisions to be made in an informed fashion with continuously updated hospital capacity information. In addition, it permits complex MCI simulation for response and preparedness training. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.",Emergency response | Hospital capacity | Mass casualty | Trauma systems | Web-based interactive model,Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery,2012-05-01,Article,"Amram, Ofer;Schuurman, Nadine;Hedley, Nick;Hameed, S. Morad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859828495,10.3233/WOR-2012-0197-462,Heavy physical work under time pressure: The garbage collection service-a case study,"The increased generation of garbage has become a problem in large cities, with greater demand for collection services. The collector is subjected to high workload. This study describes the work in garbage collection service, highlighting the requirements of time, resulting in physical and psychosocial demands to collectors. Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) - a method focused on the study of work in real situations was used. Initially, technical visits, global observations and unstructured interviews with different subjects of a garbage collection company were conducted. The following step of the systematic observations was accompanied by interviews conducted during the execution of tasks, inquiring about the actions taken, and also interviews about the actions, but conducted after the development of the tasks, photographic records and audiovisual recordings, of workers from two garbage collection teams. Contradictions between the prescribed work and activities (actual work) were identified, as well as the variability present in this process, and strategies adopted by these workers to regulate the workload. It was concluded that the insufficiency of means and the organizational structure of management ensue a situation where the collection process is maintained at the expense of hyper-requesting these workers, both physically and psychosocially. © 2012 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.",Ergonomics | Physical exertion | Psychosocial distress | Urban Cleaning,Work,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"De Oliveira Camada, Ilza Mitsuko;Pataro, Silvana Maria Santos;De Cássia Pereira Fernandes, Rita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859827310,10.1145/2159616.2159626,Interactive simulation of dynamic crowd behaviors using general adaptation syndrome theory,"We propose a new technique to simulate dynamic patterns of crowd behaviors using stress modeling. Our model accounts for permanent, stable disposition and the dynamic nature of human behaviors that change in response to the situation. The resulting approach accounts for changes in behavior in response to external stressors based on well-known theories in psychology. We combine this model with recent techniques on personality modeling for multi-agent simulations to capture a wide variety of behavioral changes and stressors. The overall formulation allows different stressors, expressed as functions of space and time, including time pressure, positional stressors, area stressors and inter-personal stressors. This model can be used to simulate dynamic crowd behaviors at interactive rates, including walking at variable speeds, breaking lane-formation over time, and cutting through a normal flow. We also perform qualitative and quantitative comparisons between our simulation results and real-world observations. © 2012 ACM.",crowd simulation | dynamic behaviors | psychological models,Proceedings - I3D 2012: ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"Kim, Sujeong;Guy, Stephen J.;Manocha, Dinesh;Lin, Ming C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859815899,,Investigating safety culture: A qualitative analysis of bus driver behaviour at work,"Whilst the relationship between driver stress and crashes has been established, little is known about how an organisation's safety culture might mediate this relationship in the passenger services industry. Interviews with thirty bus drivers from a major bus company were conducted to investigate work related road risk and safety culture. A qualitative analysis revealed that the company's unrealistic time schedules were perceived to be a major contributor to crash involvement. Bus drivers consider that the company puts profits over safety and that policies and practices creates time pressure and increases crash risk. The results are discussed with reference to organisational processes, safety systems and regulation issues.",,Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2012,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"Dorn, Lisa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651378473,10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.005,Prefrontal cortex and impulsive decision making [Corteza prefrontal y toma de decisiones impulsiva Prefrontal cortex and impulsive decision making],"Impulsivity refers to a set of heterogeneous behaviors that are tuned suboptimally along certain temporal dimensions. Impulsive intertemporal choice refers to the tendency to forego a large but delayed reward and to seek an inferior but more immediate reward, whereas impulsive motor responses also result when the subjects fail to suppress inappropriate automatic behaviors. In addition, impulsive actions can be produced when too much emphasis is placed on speed rather than accuracy in a wide range of behaviors, including perceptual decision making. Despite this heterogeneous nature, the prefrontal cortex and its connected areas, such as the basal ganglia, play an important role in gating impulsive actions in a variety of behavioral tasks. Here, we describe key features of computations necessary for optimal decision making and how their failures can lead to impulsive behaviors. We also review the recent findings from neuroimaging and single-neuron recording studies on the neural mechanisms related to impulsive behaviors. Converging approaches in economics, psychology, and neuroscience provide a unique vista for better understanding the nature of behavioral impairments associated with impulsivity. © 2011 Society of Biological Psychiatry.",Basal ganglia | intertemporal choice | response inhibition | speed-accuracy tradeoff | switching | temporal discounting,Biological Psychiatry,2011-06-15,Review,"Kim, Soyoun;Lee, Daeyeol",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859389990,10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01221.x,Context Effects in Multi-Alternative Decision Making: Empirical Data and a Bayesian Model,"For decisions between many alternatives, the benchmark result is Hick's Law: that response time increases log-linearly with the number of choice alternatives. Even when Hick's Law is observed for response times, divergent results have been observed for error rates-sometimes error rates increase with the number of choice alternatives, and sometimes they are constant. We provide evidence from two experiments that error rates are mostly independent of the number of choice alternatives, unless context effects induce participants to trade speed for accuracy across conditions. Error rate data have previously been used to discriminate between competing theoretical accounts of Hick's Law, and our results question the validity of those conclusions. We show that a previously dismissed optimal observer model might provide a parsimonious account of both response time and error rate data. The model suggests that people approximate Bayesian inference in multi-alternative choice, except for some perceptual limitations. © 2012 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.",Bayesian | Context effect | Hick's Law | Multi-alternative choice | Optimal observer | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Cognitive Science,2012-04-01,Article,"Hawkins, Guy;Brown, Scott D.;Steyvers, Mark;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349841167,10.5465/AMLE.2009.44287935,The ambivalence of challenge stressors: Time pressure associated with both negative and positive well-being,"Technology management poses particular challenges for educators because it requires facility with different kinds of knowledge and wide-ranging learning abilities. We report on the development and delivery of an information technology (IT) management course designed to address these challenges. Our approach is built around a narrative, the ""IVK extended case series,"" a fictitious but reality-based story about a newly appointed, not-technically-trained chief information officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. We designed the course around a narrative and composed the narrative in a specific way to achieve two key objectives. First, this format allowed us to combine the active student orientation typical of case-based approaches with the systematic construction of cumulative theoretical frameworks more characteristic of lecture-based methods. Second, basing the narrative on the monomyth, a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world, encourages students to more fully inhabit the story's hero, which leads to fuller engagement and more active learning. We report results using this approach with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities located in different countries, and with executives at a major multinational corporation and an open enrollment program at a major business school. Student course feedback and a follow-up survey administered about 1 year after the course suggest that the extended narrative approach mostly achieves its design objectives. We suggest that the approach might be used more widely in teaching technology management, particularly with ""digital natives,"" who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment competing for their attention. © 2009 Academy of Management Learning & Education.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Nolan, Richard;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886198568,10.1002/9781119942849.ch10,The Management of Psychosocial Risks Across the European Union: Findings from ESENER,,"CATI samples | Education and public administration | ESENER, health and safety at work | Psychosocial risk management | Psychosocial risk management, across EU | Psychosocial risks | Time pressure, concerns in establishments",Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice,2012-03-29,Book Chapter,"Cockburn, William;Milczarek, Malgorzata;Irastorza, Xabier;Rial González, Eusebio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84920697725,10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374827.003.0005,Understanding the Effects of Computer Displays and Time Pressure on the Performance of Distributed Teams,"This chapter provides an explanation regarding team decision accuracy that appeared to decline regardless of the type of human-computer interface used, as time pressure increased. This can be done by using a Brunswikian theory of team decision making and the lens model equation (LME). The chapter also presents some relevant theoretical concepts; it then describes the experiment and new analyses. The final section discusses the strength and limitations of the research. The effectiveness of different humancomputer interfaces was studied under increasing levels of time pressure. It is shown that the Brunswikian multilevel theory, as operationally defined by the LME and path modeling, displayed that the decrease in leader achievement with increasing time pressure (tempo) was caused by a breakdown in the flow of information among team members. Results also revealed that this research exhibits how Brunswikian theory and the LME can be used to study the effect of computer displays on team (or individual) decision making.",Brunswikian multilevel theory | Computer displays | Human-computer interface | Lens model equation | Path modeling | Team decision making | Time pressure,Adaptive Perspectives on Human-Technology Interaction: Methods and Models for Cognitive Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction,2012-03-22,Book Chapter,"Adelman, Leonard;Yeo, Cedric;Miller, Sheryl L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857886574,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00890.x,Bringing employees closer: The effect of proximity on communication when teams function under time pressure,"Some studies have assumed close proximity to improve team communication on the premise that reduced physical distance increases the chance of contact and information exchange. However, research showed that the relationship between team proximity and team communication is not always straightforward and may depend on some contextual conditions. Hence, this study was designed with the purpose of examining how a contextual condition like time pressure may influence the relationship between team proximity and team communication. In this study, time pressure was conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct: challenge time pressure and hindrance time pressure, such that each has different moderating effects on the proximity-communication relationship. The research was conducted with 81 new product development (NPD) teams (437 respondents) in Western Europe (Belgium, England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands). These teams functioned in short-cycled industries and developed innovative products for the consumer, electronic, semiconductor, and medical sectors. The unit of analysis was a team, which could be from a single-team or a multiteam project. Results showed that challenge time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience high rather than low challenge time pressure. Hindrance time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience low rather than high hindrance time pressure. Our findings contribute to theory in two ways. First, this study showed that challenge and hindrance time pressure differently influences the benefits of team proximity toward team communication in a particular work context. We found that teams under high hindrance time pressure do not benefit from close proximity, given the natural tendency for premature cognitive closure and the use of avoidance coping tactics when problems surface. Thus, simply reducing physical distances is unlikely to promote communication if motivational or human factors are neglected. Second, this study demonstrates the strength of the challenge-hindrance stressor framework in advancing theory and explaining inconsistencies. Past studies determined time pressure by considering only its levels without distinguishing the type of time pressure. We suggest that this study might not have been able to uncover the moderating effects of time pressure if we had conceptualized time pressure in the conventional way. © 2012 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012-03-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Rutte, Christel G.;Chai, Kah Hin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863297480,10.1108/02686901211207492,Incentive contracts and time pressure on audit judgment performance,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of varying motivation induced by financial incentives and common uncertainty caused by time pressure on audit judgment performance. Design/methodology/approach - The experimental method is used to examine how financial incentives and time pressure affect audit performance, based on predictions by both economic and behavioral theories. The relative performance contract and the profit sharing contract are two incentive schemes considered. To achieve the incentive effect on subjects when conducting the experiment, all subjects were compensated with real cash rewards, according to their incentive contracts as randomly assigned. Findings - As predicted, major results show that both incentive contract and time pressure affect audit judgment performance. The audit performance is generally better under the relative performance contract than under the profit sharing contract. Additionally, it is demonstrated that an increase in the level of time pressure significantly improves recall, recognition, and total efficiency under both types of incentive contracts, but impairs recall and total performance, particularly under the relative performance contract. Moreover, the reduction of recall and total performance under the relative performance contract is significantly greater than under the profit sharing contract. Nevertheless, in this case, the relative performance contract still outperforms the profit sharing contract. Research limitations/implications - The findings suggest the relative superiority of the relative performance contract in comparison with the profit sharing contract in improving auditors' judgment performance for structured tasks. Practical implications - The relative performance contract would motivate junior auditors to exert more effort to increase their performance in the work environment of increased time pressure. The audit firms may incorporate relative performance evaluations into incentive schemes, to improve junior auditors' performance for structured tasks. Originality/value - The paper is of value to audit firms in the design of performance-contingent incentive contracts. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Auditors | Incentive schemes | Performance appraisal | Performance evaluation | Profit sharing | Relative performance | Time budget,Managerial Auditing Journal,2012-03-01,Article,"Lee, Hua",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857073369,10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02022.x,Resources and time pressure as day-level antecedents of work engagement,"This diary study adds to research on the Job Demands-Resources model. We test main propositions of this model on the level of daily processes, namely, additive and interaction effects of day-specific job demands and day-specific job and personal resources on day-specific work engagement. One hundred and fourteen employees completed electronic questionnaires three times a day over the course of one working week. Hierarchical linear models indicated that day-specific resources (psychological climate, job control, and being recovered in the morning) promoted work engagement. As predicted, day-specific job control qualified the relationship between day-specific time pressure and work engagement: on days with higher job control, time pressure was beneficial for work engagement. On days with lower job control, time pressure was detrimental for work engagement. We discuss our findings and contextualize them in the current literature on dynamic and emergent job characteristics. © 2011 The British Psychological Society.",,Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,2012-03-01,Article,"Kühnel, Jana;Sonnentag, Sabine;Bledow, Ronald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859162591,10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.023,What is the relationship between mental workload factors and cognitive load types?,"The present study tested the hypothesis of an additive interaction between intrinsic, extraneous and germane cognitive load, by manipulating factors of mental workload assumed to have a specific effect on either type of cognitive load. The study of cognitive load factors and their interaction is essential if we are to improve workers' wellbeing and safety at work. High cognitive load requires the individual to allocate extra resources to entering information. It is thought that this demand for extra resources may reduce processing efficiency and performance. The present study tested the effects of three factors thought to act on either cognitive load type, i.e. task difficulty, time pressure and alertness in a working memory task. Results revealed additive effects of task difficulty and time pressure, and a modulation by alertness on behavioral, subjective and psychophysiological workload measures. Mental overload can be the result of a combination of task-related components, but its occurrence may also depend on subject-related characteristics, including alertness. Solutions designed to reduce incidents and accidents at work should consider work organization in addition to task constraints in so far that both these factors may interfere with mental workload. © 2011 Elsevier B.V..",Alertness | Cognitive load | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Working memory task | Workload measures,International Journal of Psychophysiology,2012-03-01,Article,"Galy, Edith;Cariou, Magali;Mélan, Claudine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987858703,10.1109/MSP.2011.179,Security education against Phishing: A modest proposal for a Major Rethink,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2016-09-12,Note,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85108491724,10.4324/9781315852430-34,Application of failure mode and effects analysis to intraoperative radiation therapy using mobile electron linear accelerators,"In this chapter, four scholars and teachers write about their practices for altering the classroom and for changing the way that students learn management through engaging with art and aesthetics. Each author describes how he discovered that art forms, materials, works, and practices hold inspiration for teaching management, how they have changed their teaching approach accordingly, and where the journey has taken them so far. Reflections on the practical dos and don’ts of drawing inspiration from the arts accompany the accounts.",,The Routledge Companion to Reinventing Management Education,2016-06-17,Book Chapter,"Meisiek, Stefan;De Monthoux, Pierre Guillet;Barry, Daved;Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900330295,10.1016/j.jss.2006.01.010,Effects of reliability and time pressure on unmanned aircraft systems operator performance,"Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are in the midst of aviation's next generation. UAS are being utilized at an increasing rate by military and security operations and are becoming widely popular in usage from search and rescue and weather research to homeland security and border patrol. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently working to define acceptable UAS performance standards and procedures for routine access for their use in the National Airspace System (NAS). This study examined the effects of system reliability and time pressure on unmanned aircraft systems operator performance and mental workload. Twenty-four undergraduate and graduate students, male and female, from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated in this study on a voluntary basis. The primary tasks were image processing time and target acquisition accuracy; three secondary tasks were concerned with responding to events encountered in typical UAS operations. Mental workload and trust levels of Multi-Modal Immersive Intelligent Interface for Remote Operation (MIIIRO) system were also studied and analyzed. System reliability was found to produce a significant effect for image processing time, while time pressure produced a significant effect for target acquisition accuracy. A significant effect was found for the interaction between system reliability and time pressure for pop-up threats re-routing processing time. The results were examined and recommendations for future research are discussed.",Automation | Mental workload | System reliability | Time pressure | Unmanned aircraft system,62nd IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2012,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ghatas, Rania;Liu, Dahai;Frederick-Recascino, Christina;Wise, John;Archer, Julian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900303498,,The effects of system reliability and uncertainty on unmanned aerial vehicle operator performance under high time pressure,"In the recent years, UASs have sparked the interest of other fields, and in the very near future, they will be introduced into the National Airspace System (NAS). The UAS operator task differs from that of a manned aircraft pilot. This study examined the effects of system reliability and task uncertainty on UAS operator performance, measuring image processing accuracy and image processing time through a primary task and three secondary tasks. The primary task was image processing that entailed differentiating between targets and distracters, making necessary changes to the identifications provided by the automation and processing images accurately within a five-second window. There were also three secondary tasks that are typical of UAS operations to which the participants had to respond as quickly as they could. Both system reliability and task uncertainty were found to be significant for primary task image processing time, but not for the secondary task. In contrast, accuracy was not found to be significantly affected by either one of the independent variables. The results are examined, and recommendations for future research are discussed.",Automation | Decision making | System reliability | Time pressure | Unmanned aerial system,62nd IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2012,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jaramillo, Manuela;Liu, Dahai;Doherty, Shawn;Archer, Julian;Tang, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867652239,10.1177/0956797612441217,Identifying the Bad Guy in a Lineup Using Confidence Judgments Under Deadline Pressure,"Eyewitness-identification tests often culminate in witnesses not picking the culprit or identifying innocent suspects. We tested a radical alternative to the traditional lineup procedure used in such tests. Rather than making a positive identification, witnesses made confidence judgments under a short deadline about whether each lineup member was the culprit. We compared this deadline procedure with the traditional sequential-lineup procedure in three experiments with retention intervals ranging from 5 min to 1 week. A classification algorithm that identified confidence criteria that optimally discriminated accurate from inaccurate decisions revealed that decision accuracy was 24% to 66% higher under the deadline procedure than under the traditional procedure. Confidence profiles across lineup stimuli were more informative than were identification decisions about the likelihood that an individual witness recognized the culprit or correctly recognized that the culprit was not present. Large differences between the maximum and the next-highest confidence value signaled very high accuracy. Future support for this procedure across varied conditions would highlight a viable alternative to the problematic lineup procedures that have traditionally been used by law enforcement. © The Author(s) 2012.",eyewitness memory | memory,Psychological Science,2012-01-01,Article,"Brewer, Neil;Weber, Nathan;Wootton, David;Lindsay, D. Stephen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052700438,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.08.003,Adaptive browsing: Sensitivity to time pressure and task difficulty,"Two experiments explored how learners allocate limited time across a set of relevant on-line texts, in order to determine the extent to which time allocation is sensitive to local task demands. The first experiment supported the idea that learners will spend more of their time reading easier texts when reading time is more limited; the second experiment showed that readers shift preference towards harder texts when their learning goals are more demanding. These phenomena evince an impressive capability of readers. Further, the experiments reveal that the most common method of time allocation is a version of satisficing (Reader and Payne, 2007) in which preference for texts emerges without any explicit comparison of the texts (the longest time spent reading each text is on the first time that text is encountered). These experiments therefore offer further empirical confirmation for a method of time allocation that relies on monitoring on-line texts as they are read, and which is sensitive to learning goals, available time and text difficulty. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Browsing | Information foraging | Sampling | Satisficing,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2012-01-01,Article,"Wilkinson, Susan C.;Reader, Will;Payne, Stephen J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937421730,10.1145/1145287.1145291,Measuring the impact of time pressure on team task performance,,,Safer Surgery: Analysing Behaviour in the Operating Theatre,2012-01-01,Book Chapter,"Mackenzie, Colin F.;Jeffcott, Shelly A.;Xiao, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81955164863,10.1016/j.jml.2011.08.004,"Lexical selection and verbal self-monitoring: Effects of lexicality, context, and time pressure in picture-word interference","Current views of lexical selection in language production differ in whether they assume lexical selection by competition or not. To account for recent data with the picture-word interference (PWI) task, both views need to be supplemented with assumptions about the control processes that block distractor naming. In this paper, we propose that such control is achieved by the verbal self-monitor. If monitoring is involved in the PWI task, performance in this task should be affected by variables that influence monitoring such as lexicality, lexicality of context, and time pressure. Indeed, pictures were named more quickly when the distractor was a pseudoword than a word (Experiment 1), which reversed in a context of pseudoword items (Experiment 3). Additionally, under time pressure, participants frequently named the distractor instead of the picture, suggesting that the monitor failed to exclude the distractor response. Such errors occurred more often with word than pseudoword distractors (Experiment 2); however, the effect flipped around in a pseudoword context (Experiment 4). Our findings argue for the role of the monitoring system in lexical selection. Implications for competitive and non-competitive models are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Competitive model | Lexical selection | Picture-word interference task | Pseudowords | Verbal self-monitoring,Journal of Memory and Language,2012-01-01,Article,"Dhooge, Elisah;Hartsuiker, Robert J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83255187225,10.1016/j.jlp.2011.08.005,"Evacuation, escape, and rescue experiences from offshore accidents including the Deepwater Horizon","When a major hazard occurs on an installation, evacuation, escape, and rescue (EER) operations play a vital role in safeguarding the lives of personnel. There have been several major offshore accidents where most of the crew has been killed during EER operations. The major hazards and EER operations can be divided into three categories; depending on the hazard, time pressure and the risk influencing factors (RIFs). The RIFs are categorized into human elements, the installation and hazards. A step by step evacuation sequence is illustrated. The escape and evacuation sequence from the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling platform is reviewed based on testimonies from the survivors. Although no casualties were reported as a result of the EER operations from the Deepwater Horizon, the number of survivors offers a limited insight into the level of success of the EER operations. Several technical and non-technical improvements are suggested to improve EER operations. There is need for a comprehensive analysis of the systems used for the rescue of personnel at sea, life rafts and lifeboats in the Gulf of Mexico. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","Deepwater Horizon | Evacuation, escape and rescue | Major accident",Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2012-01-01,Article,"Skogdalen, Jon Espen;Khorsandi, Jahon;Vinnem, Jan Erik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857595725,,Large scale analysis of traffic control systems,"In order to resolve issues in network-wide traffic signal control, transportation agencies worldwide sometimes revert to installation of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems. But, because of time pressure the buyers often have little time to consider the strengths and weaknesses of all systems fully. This often impairs effective decision-making in selecting the future Adaptive Traffic Control System and can lead to increased costs, lack of evident benefits, and even a shutdown of the system. In order to facilitate the effective decision-making of transportation agencies, this research focuses on providing compiled worldwide overview, comparison and analysis of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems features. The large-scale comparative analysis is bringing in different perspectives and experiences with Adaptive Traffic Control System installations. Potential lessons, coming from merged experiences from around the world, are relevant to applications in European transportation agencies.",,Traffic Engineering and Control,2012-01-01,Article,"Mladenovic, Milos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868336764,10.1007/978-3-642-34163-2_7,Two speeds of EAM - A dynamic capabilities perspective,"We discuss how enterprise architecture management (EAM) supports different types of enterprise transformation (ET), namely planned, proactive transformation on the one hand and emergent, reactive transformation on the other hand. We first conceptualize EAM as a dynamic capability to access the rich literature of the dynamic capabilities framework. Based on these theoretical foundations and observations from two case studies, we find that EAM can be configured both as a planned, structured capability to support proactive ET, as well as an improvisational, simple capability to support reactive ET under time pressure. We argue that an enterprise can simultaneously deploy both sets of EAM capabilities by identifying the core elements of EAM that are required for both capabilities as well as certain capability-specific extensions. We finally discuss governance and feedback mechanisms that help to balance the goals of flexibility and agility associated with dynamic and improvisational capabilities, respectively. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.",Dynamic Capabilities | Enterprise Architecture Management | Enterprise Transformation,Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Abraham, Ralf;Aier, Stephan;Winter, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870971112,10.1109/MC.2009.118,Explorative research into current practice of experimentation in discrete event simulation,"We report on an experiment in redesign of curriculum for Information Technology (IT) management courses, a synthetic approach that attempts to combine the best features of explanation- and experience-based approaches. The IVK case series is a fictitious though realitybased story about the struggles of a newly appointed, not-technically-trained CIO in his first year on the job. The series constitutes a true-to-life novel, intended to involve students in an engaging story that simultaneously explores the nuances of major IT management issues. Three principles guided our development of this curriculum: 1) Emphasis on the business aspects of IT, independent of underlying technologies; 2) Student derivation of cumulative management frameworks arrived at via inductive in-class discussion; and 3) Identification of a set of core issues most vital in IT management practice, as a business discipline. We report results from using the curriculum with undergraduate and graduate students, and with executives at a multinational corporation.",Case-based learning | Information technology | IS education | IT management education,ICIS 2008 Proceedings - Twenty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Austin, Robert D.;Nolan, Richard L.;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84255176464,10.1145/2074712.2074718,The effect of task load on the occurrence of cognitive lockup in a high-fidelity flight simulator,"Motivation - To analyse human errors and determine the underlying reason for these errors, in particular by investigating the error production mechanism cognitive lockup. Research approach - A within subjects experiment has been conducted with 16 pilots in a high-fidelity and realistic environment. The independent variables were the cognitive task load factors time pressure and number of tasks, and the task variable task completion. In addition, the pilots rated the effort it took them to handle the tasks. To evaluate whether cognitive lockup occurred, the time it took the pilots to start handling a new, high-priority task was measured. Findings/Design - The results suggest that the cognitive task load factors, and the effort they induce in the pilots when executing the task, increase the likelihood of the occurrence of cognitive lockup. Research limitations/Implications - Investigating cognitive lockup empirically is limited, as it is a phenomenon rarely observable. Originality/Value - The research makes a contribution to understanding why pilots deviate from normative behaviour and with this to make it possible to improve the safety of operations on aircrafts. Take away message - The error production mechanism cognitive lockup might partially be explained by a high cognitive task load, produced by time pressure and a high number of tasks. © 2011 ACM.",aviation | cognitive lockup | cognitive task load model | simulator experiment,ECCE 2011 - European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2011: 29th Annual Conference of the European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics,2011-12-28,Conference Paper,"Looije, Rosemarijn;Mioch, Tina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83455162493,10.1109/WCRE.2011.30,An exploratory study of software reverse engineering in a security context,"Illegal cyberspace activities are increasing rapidly and many software engineers are using reverse engineering methods to respond to attacks. The security-sensitive nature of these tasks, such as the understanding of malware or the decryption of encrypted content, brings unique challenges to reverse engineering: work has to be done offline, files can rarely be shared, time pressure is immense, and there is a lack of tool and process support for capturing and sharing the knowledge obtained while trying to understand plain assembly code. To help us gain an understanding of this reverse engineering work, we report on an exploratory study done in a security context at a research and development government organization to explore their work processes, tools, and artifacts. In this paper, we identify challenges, such as the management and navigation of a myriad of artifacts, and we conclude by offering suggestions for tool and process improvements. © 2011 IEEE.",exploratory study | reverse engineering | security setting,"Proceedings - Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE",2011-12-19,Conference Paper,"Treude, Christoph;Filho, Fernando Figueira;Storey, Margaret Anne;Salois, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82955176937,10.1109/IDAACS.2011.6072901,Quasi-experimental method to identify the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants in the early project phase,"The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of gaming simulation as a research method in project management. Gaming simulation is used for identifying the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants' attitudes in the early phase. By ambiguity we mean lack of clarity of goals and objectives of the project. Urgency refers to time pressure, in the sense that the project has to be completed within specified time frame. The results of the experiments shows that ambiguity and urgency leads to three significant response patterns by the project participants 1) the tendency to overly focus on the technical solution, 2) the tendency to make unverified assumptions 3) significance rise to personal emotions, such as fear, diffidence, competitiveness and eagerness. The results obtained using gaming simulation as a research method are consistent with previously published studies. The paper concludes that gaming simulation can be used in project management research. Threats to validity and reliability can be controlled to a satisfactory level if the game design and configuration guarantee an adequate level of realism and insight. © 2011 IEEE.",ambiguity | gaming | project management | simulation,"Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications, IDAACS'2011",2011-12-12,Conference Paper,"Hussein, Bassam A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864558135,10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00248,Monetary incentives in speeded perceptual decision: effects of penalizing errors versus slow responses,"The influence of monetary incentives on performance has been widely investigated among various disciplines. While the results reveal positive incentive effects only under specific conditions, the exact nature, and the contribution of mediating factors are largely unexplored.The present study examined influences of payoff schemes as one of these factors. In particular, we manipulated penalties for errors and slow responses in a speeded categorization task.The data show improved performance for monetary over symbolic incentives when (a) penalties are higher for slow responses than for errors, and (b) neither slow responses nor errors are punished. Conversely, payoff schemes with stronger punishment for errors than for slow responses resulted in worse performance under monetary incentives. The findings suggest that an emphasis of speed is favorable for positive influences of monetary incentives, whereas an emphasis of accuracy under time pressure has the opposite effect. © 2011 Dambacher, Hübner and Schlösser.",Attentional effort | Flanker task | Monetary reward | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Psychology,2011-12-01,Article,"Dambacher, Michael;Hübner, Ronald;Schlösser, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871695883,10.1109/ICRA.2011.5980124,Risky planning: Path planning over costmaps with a probabilistically bounded speed-accuracy tradeoff,"This paper is about generating plans over uncertain maps quickly. Our approach combines the ALT (A* search, landmarks and the triangle inequality) algorithm and risk heuristics to guide search over probabilistic cost maps. We build on previous work which generates probabilistic cost maps from aerial imagery and use these cost maps to precompute heuristics for searches such as A* and D* using the ALT technique. The resulting heuristics are probability distributions. We can speed up and direct search by characterising the risk we are prepared to take in gaining search efficiency while sacrificing optimal path length. Results are shown which demonstrate that ALT provides a good approximation to the true distribution of the heuristic, and which show efficiency increases in excess of 70% over normal heuristic search methods. © 2011 IEEE.",,Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Murphy, Liz;Newman, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857986530,10.1109/HICSS.2012.593,"Time pressure, cultural diversity, psychological factors, and information sharing in short duration virtual teams","The purpose of this research is to examine whether time pressure and cultural diversity influence psychological factors (i.e. motivation, and trust) in virtual teams. We also examine if the psychological factors shape information sharing in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing. We also find that national cultural diversity has negative relationship with information sharing. However, information sharing is found to be unrelated to solution quality. Additional statistical analyses demonstrate that sharing of process information is positively related to solution quality. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paul, Souren;He, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890656623,10.1109/ENABL.2003.1231428,The effect of time pressure and task completion on the occurrence of cognitive lockup,"Prior studies have suggested that time pressure and task completion play a role in the occurrence of cognitive lockup. However, supportive evidence is only partial. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate how both time pressure and task completion influence the occurrence of cognitive lockup, in order to better understand situations that could trigger the phenomenon. We found that if people have almost completed a task, the probability for cognitive lockup increases. We also found that the probability for cognitive lockup decreases, when people execute tasks for the second time. There was no effect of time pressure or an interaction effect found between task completion and time pressure. The results provide further support for the explanation that cognitive lockup up is the result of a decision making bias and that this bias could be triggered by the perception that a task is almost complete.",,CEUR Workshop Proceedings,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Schreuder, Ernestina J.A.;Mioch, Tina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884604477,,Wiki-induced cognitive elaboration in project teams: An empirical study,"Researchers have exerted increasing efforts to understand how wikis can be used to improve team performance. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effect of the quantity of wiki use on performance in wiki-based communities; however, only inconclusive results have been obtained. Our study focuses on the quality of wiki use in a team context. We develop a construct of wiki-induced cognitive elaboration, and explore its nomological network in the team context. Integrating the literatures on wiki and distributed cognition, we propose that wiki-induced cognitive elaboration influences team performance through knowledge integration among team members. We also identify its team-based antecedents, including task involvement, critical norm, task reflexivity, time pressure and process accountability, by drawing on the motivated information processing literature. The research model is empirically tested using multiple-source survey data collected from 46 wiki-based student project teams. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are also discussed. © (2011) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.",Critical norm | Knowledge integration | Process accountability | Task involvement | Task reflexivity | Time pressure | Wiki-induced cognitive elaboration,"International Conference on Information Systems 2011, ICIS 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, Yixiang;Fang, Yulin;He, Wei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855824424,10.1109/SSRR.2011.6106783,Emergence of cooperation as the impact of evacuee's solidarity,"Evacuation simulation is an effective way for exercising an evacuation plan. Various situations that may arise can be examined by computer simulations. Studying a human behavior in evacuation simulation is important to avoid the negative effect that may occur. We propose an evacuation model: ""Evacuee's Dilemma"", inspired by Prisoner's Dilemma in Game Theory. This model aims to describe helping behavior among evacuees. Evacuees are facing a dilemma to choose cooperate behavior: helping others and escaping together; or defect behavior: rush to exit. The dilemma occurs because offering help to other evacuees requires a cost: sacrificing their own resources. Therefore, helping other evacuees might risk their own life. However, if an evacuee chooses not to help, then the abnormal evacuees might not be able to survive. Unless there are other evacuees who offer help to the abnormal evacuees. We introduce Averaged Systemic Payoff in the evacuee's decision making. Multi-Agent Simulations are conducted with various settings. Simulation results reveal an interesting collective behavior. Rational evacuees increase the cooperate behavior under an extreme short time availability to evacuate. Instead of mass panic, we observed that the collective behavior of cooperation emerged in an evacuation with a high time pressure. We found that Averaged Systemic Payoff is effective to control the cooperation among rational evacuees. We also studied the influences of Solidarity, Neighborhood Range, and time pressure to Averaged Systemic Payoff. This finding is useful to avoid the defect behavior in evacuation, which might emerge to panic stampede or any other dangerous crowd situation. © 2011 IEEE.",Averaged Systemic Payoff | Collective Behavior | Cooperation | Evacuation Simulation | Evacuee's Dilemma | Game Theory | Help Behavior | Solidarity | Time Pressure,"9th IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, SSRR 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Suryotrisongko, Hatma;Ishida, Yoshiteru",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896417958,10.1007/s007660200008,Working under time pressure: An increasing risk for women's health?,"Gender work segregation may be evidenced also in the different exposure of the two sexes to those working constraints which are considered more difficult with age, as the possibility to move from adverse work conditions to less demanding work plays un important role in the health related selection. Several studies carried out at European or national level, found a declining trend of physically demanding work in men, suggesting that men had more possibility to moving to less physically demanding jobs and that favourable differences between older and younger workers were more remarkable for older men than for older women as regards poor work postures and repetitive work. As to working under time pressure, this constraint had increased for both sexes, but the increase had been greatest among women. The high working rhythms are commonly associated with musculoskeletal pain, stress and poor perceived health. This study was mainly aimed at analysing gender differences in work-related health problems, focusing on relationships between the difficult in coping with work under time pressure with advancing age and some health complaints, such as musculoskeletal symptoms and self-reported health. A population of 1195 Italian workers employed in different productive sectors and divided into 5 age cohorts were interviewed regarding the difficulty, with age, of coping with high working rhythms. The relationships between working under time pressure and the presence of musculoskeletal complaints (back pain and multiple complaints) and poor health self-assessment were then explored. Female workers were more exposed to repetitive work with tight deadlines and to time pressure. Analyzing the occupational exposure by cohorts, a decreasing exposure frequency may be observed for men in the oldest cohorts, while the opposite was observed for women, who complained about these constraints as particularly difficult with ageing. Working under time pressure appeared to be the least tolerated constraint for women, who had a significantly higher Odds Ratio than men in all cohorts of age, with a greatest risk in the 52 years cohort. The high working rhythms were associated with poor health, both for musculoskeletal pain and perceived health, especially when the exposure resulted particularly difficult to bear with ageing, but in different ways for the two sexes. In women the interaction between repetitive work with high deadlines and musculoskeletal complaints, showed a statistically significantly association both for upper limbs and for multiple musculoskeletal symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed an increasing risk with age for women, while in men repetitive work with tight deadlines was associated with a poorly perceived health. When analyzing interactions between repetitive work with tight deadlines and poor health-assessment, a progressive increased risk was observed from the 42 to 52 year cohorts for men, and in the 47 year cohort for women. The possibility for men in avoiding the more demanding or difficult work can be hypothesized, such as more autonomy and control over their work situation, while for women it seems that the possibility of avoiding those working constraints which are especially poorly tolerated with ageing is less probable. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Economic Policies and Issues on a Global Scale,2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Barbini, Norma;Squadroni, Rosa;Sera, Francesco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84555204728,10.1504/IJART.2008.019882,Information hunt: The impact of product type and time pressure on choice of information source for purchase decisions [Potraga za informacijama: Utjecaj vrste proizvoda i raspoloživog vremena na izbor izvora informacija za kupovne odluke],"The question of how consumers hunt for information when making choices has been raising curiosity of psychologists and marketing experts for a long time. Over sixty different determinants that affect the external information search were discussed. In this paper, we focus on the product characteristics, rather than consumer ones. More specifically, we focus on how the type of good (product or service) affects the information search. Goods are divided into utilitarian, used for their practicality, and hedonic goods, used for their pleasure value. For the purposes of this paper empirical study was conducted on a sample of 61 students. Respondents were given the task to simulate purchase decision making process for utilitarian good and hedonic good, during which they have recorded all encountered information sources. The results revealed that consumers who buy hedonic goods use the same number of information sources, regardless of time pressure. When they have more available time they devote more time but only to selected sources. They mostly use marketing-dominant sources. On the other hand, in case of utilitarian products, consumers use the same amount of time, regardless of time pressure, but are seeking information from more sources.",,Management,2011-12-01,Article,"Vlašić, Goran;Janković, Marko;Kramo-Čaluk, Amra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84892080536,10.1023/A:1011236117591,The impact of congruency and time pressure during simultaneous exposure in an idtv context,"In today's cluttered media environment, advertisers are constantly insearch for new ways to improve the strength and effectiveness of theiradvertisements. They are continuously competing for the limited attentionresources of consumers, declaring a so called ""war for eye balls"" (Schiessl et al., 2003). Contrary to the traditional, sequential formats ofadvertising, new technologies like Interactive Digital Television (IDTV)allow simultaneous exposure to media content and interactive advertisingcontent using on-screen placements, television banners (Cauberghe and De Pelsmacker, 2008) or split-screen advertising (Chowdhury et al.,2007). Therefore, it is important to understand which factors determineviewer attention in today's cluttered and increasingly complex mediaenvironment.In this study, viewers are simultaneously exposed to both aninteractive advertisement and a program context using IDTV technology.By doing so, they are forced to divide their attention between bothinformation sources. This may lead to cognitive interference andconsequently to less attention devoted to the advertisement. Using eyetracking, we study the role of program environment, more specificallyhow a thematically (in)congruent program affects both visual attention toan interactive ad and involvement with the ad message. Also, weinvestigate how congruence moderates the effect of cognitive loadresulting from time pressure, while interacting with the interactive ad.Results show that when viewers are simultaneously exposed to acongruent context (i.e. the program and the interactive advertisement arethematically congruent), they devote more visual attention to the ad andjump more between the ad and the program than when the ad is processedin an incongruent context. Viewers are hindered and distracted by the factthat the information in the ad merges with the program context, thereforeneeding more time to disentangle both. Processing the information in anincongruent context, on the other hand, is less interfering and thusrequires less time. Also, time pressure significantly reduces ad viewingtime in the congruent context, while it does not affect viewing time in theincongruent situation. Further, results show a higher involvement with thead message in the incongruent that in the congruent condition butincreasing time pressure, on the other hand, does not appear to affectmessage involvement. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,"Advertising: Types, Trends and Controversies",2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Panic, Katarina;Cauberghe, Verolien;De Pelsmacker, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81355123383,10.3758/s13423-011-0143-4,Retrieval-induced forgetting in recognition is absent under time pressure,"We examined retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in recognition from a dual-process perspective, which suggests that recognition depends on the outputs of a fast familiarity process and a slower recollection process. In order to determine the locus of the RIF effect, we manipulated the availability of recollection at retrieval via response deadlines. The standard RIF effect was observed in a self-paced test but was absent in a speeded test, in which judgments presumably depended on familiarity more than recollection. The findings suggested that RIF specifically affects recollection. This may be consistent with a context-specific view of retrieval inhibition. © 2011 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",Memory | Recognition | Retrieval-induced forgetting,Psychonomic Bulletin and Review,2011-01-01,Article,"Verde, Michael F.;Perfect, Timothy J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052822973,10.1016/j.joep.2011.08.001,Being of two minds: Ultimatum offers under cognitive constraints,"We experimentally investigate how proposers in the Ultimatum Game behave when their cognitive resources are constrained by time pressure and cognitive load. In a dual-system perspective, when proposers are cognitively constrained and thus their deliberative capacity is reduced, their offers are more likely to be influenced by spontaneous affective reactions. We find that under time pressure proposers make higher offers. This increase appears not to be explained by more reliance on an equality heuristic. Analysing the behaviour of the same individual in both roles leads us to favour the strategic over the other-regarding explanation for the observed increase in offers. In contrast, proposers who are under cognitive load do not behave differently from proposers who are not. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Cognitive load | Dual-system theories | Experimental economics | Time pressure | Ultimatum Game,Journal of Economic Psychology,2011-12-01,Article,"Cappelletti, Dominique;Güth, Werner;Ploner, Matteo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858853371,,Integration of suppliers into the product development process using the example of the commercial vehicle industry,"During the last years the duties and responsibilities of engineering units in the vehicle industry changed drastically. Time pressure, cost pressure and the complexity of products are constantly increasing. Furthermore, companies are working to a greater extent on an international basis. These reasons lead OEMs and suppliers to increase their cooperation and to undertake extensive efforts to optimize the processes in their supply chain. The research project aims at developing a workflow model which helps improving and accelerating the cooperation between clients and contractors in the product planning phase. Copyright © 2002-2012 The Design Society. All rights reserved.",Commercial vehicle industry | Integration of suppliers | Product development process | Requirements management,ICED 11 - 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - Impacting Society Through Engineering Design,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Stephan, Nicole Katharina;Schindler, Christian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053193044,,Are they really too busy for survey participation? the evolution of busyness and busyness claims in flanders,"As both time pressure (e.g., Gershuny 2005) and survey nonresponse (e.g., Curtin et al. 2005) increase in Western societies one can wonder whether the busiest people still have time for survey participation. This article investigates the relationship between busyness claims, indicators of busyness and the decline in survey participation in Flemish surveys conducted between 2002 and 2007. Using paradata collected during fieldwork, we investigate whether busyness related doorstep reactions have increased over the years and whether there is an empirical relationship between these busyness claims and indicators of busyness.©Statistics Sweden.",Doorstep reactions | Paradata | Survey participation | Time pressure,Journal of Official Statistics,2011-12-01,Article,"Vercruyssen, Anina;van de Putte, Bart;Stoop, Ineke A.L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858019181,10.1109/WSC.2011.6147939,Sakergrid: Simulation experimentation using grid enabled simulation software,"Significant focus has been placed on the development of functionality in simulation software to aid the development of models. As such simulation is becoming an increasingly pervasive technology across major business sectors. This has been of great benefit to the simulation community increasing the number of projects undertaken that allow organizations to make better business decisions. However, it is also the case that users are increasingly under time pressure to produce results. In this environment there is pressure on users not to perform the multiple replications and multiple experiments that standard simulation practice would demand. This paper discusses the innovative solution being developed by Saker Solutions and the ICT Innovation Group at Brunel University to address this issue using a dedicated Grid Computing System (SakerGrid) to support the deployment of simulation models across a desktop grid of PCs. © 2011 IEEE.",,Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kite, Shane;Wood, Chris;Taylor, Simon J.E.;Mustafee, Navonil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859230714,,Technical product optimisation a new course integrating DFA and LCA,Technical Product Optimisation (TPO) is a second year course of the Bachelor of Industrial Design Engineering [1] at Delft University of Technology. The course has a DfA and a LCA practical exercise. The results of both exercises were poor on content and enthusiasm. Two important aspects play a role in it: the time pressure and same tasks for both exercises. The integrating DfA with LCA is necessary for better results and has a side effect that the students come from passive to active involvement. The integrated exercise was carried out in groups of four students. The student groups are doing tasks together and also a reasonable time separated in two couples of two. The student groups get a consumer product to make the DfA and LCA analysis for making a redesign. The experiment was an overwhelming success. The quality of reporting was high. Active student involvement in the exercise leads to creative solutions. A key aim of technical education is motivating students through interesting and engaging tasks. Moreover the objective is also to ensure that doing alone is not emphasized but writing on reflective note on the experience.,Design education | DFA | LCA | Optimization,"DS 69: Proceedings of E and PDE 2011, the 13th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lau, Langeveld",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861020079,10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00047-X,Evaluation of efficiency in housing construction design,"In housing projects a lot of time is spent for rework, entailing the risk of additional costs, time and deficient quality. As much as 50% or more of rework is originated in faulty output from the design phase. Activities within this phase are strongly interrelated and are carried out by several design consultants. Once the sequence of work in an ongoing project is interrupted the risk for loosing control is high. This results in, e.g., poor coordination of project participants, necessary changes in schedules, possible time pressure and about all a higher risk for making errors. The goal with this study is to reduce the risk of work sequence interruptions in the design phase of housing projects, or in terms of Lean, to make activities in the design phase flow. A timber housing multi dwelling building project in Sweden has been mapped in detail. In total 212 activities have been observed and recorded, spanning from the sales to the erection phase. Iterations (rework) have been identified by using process mining techniques in combination with supplemental interviews. A map of the complete design process consisting of 112 activities (exclusive of iteration) has been derived. A measurement model to detect process regions with a high share of iteration has been proposed that, together with the process map, serves as a starting point for further process optimisation. The efficiency of an activity is assessed by comparing the working hours, ignoring the time used for negative iteration (waste), with the working hours actually used to execute this activity. A Pareto-analysis of the occurring iteration with negative impact on quality then provides an indication of a suitable order for process optimisation.",Design phase | Efficiency | Measurement | Modelling | Standardisation,"Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2011 - Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Haller, Martin;Stehn, Lars",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856701986,10.1784/insi.2011.53.12.673,Investigating human factors in manual ultrasonic testing: Testing the human factors model,"The human factors approach relies on understanding the properties of human capability and limitations under various conditions and the application of that knowledge in designing and developing safe systems. Following the principles of the MTO (Man Technology Organisation) approach, emphasis should be given to the way people interact with technical as well as organisational systems. A model describing human factor influences in relation to the performance shaping factors and their effect on manual ultrasonic inspection performance had been built and a part of it empirically tested. The experimental task involved repeated inspection of 18 defects according to the standard procedure under no, middle and high time pressure. Stress coping strategies, the mental workload of the task, stress reaction and organisational factors have been measured. The results have shown that time pressure, mental workload and experience influence the quality of the inspection performance. Organisational factors and their influence on the inspection results were rated as important by the operators. However, further research is necessary into the effects of stress.",,Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2011-12-01,Article,"Bertovic, M.;Gaal, M.;Müller, C.;Fahlbruch, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80755181224,10.1057/jors.2011.11,Effects of the information presentation format on project control,"In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the information presentation format and project control. Furthermore, the effects of some system conditions, namely the number of projects to be controlled and the level of time pressure, on the quality of the project control decisions are analyzed. Information provided by Earned Value Analysis is used to monitor and control projects, and simulation is applied to replicate and model the uncertain project environments. Software is developed to generate random cost figures, to present the data in different visual forms and to collect users responses. Having performed the experiments, the statistical significance of the results is tested. © 2011 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",earned value analysis | project control | project management | simulation,Journal of the Operational Research Society,2011-01-01,Article,"Hazr, Ö;Shtub, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85163033118,10.30630/joiv.7.2.1816,Error proneness in construction,"Extant literature has shown that sectoral characteristics play a critical role in business value creation through information technology (IT). Therefore, managing IT and its associated risks needs to consider specific industrial traits to understand the distinct business nature and regulations that shape IT-enabled business value creation. This study presents an in-depth analysis of business goals, IT processes, and IT risks in the case of a pharmaceutical company through which appropriate controls are designed to ensure business value creation through IT. Drawing on a case study of a pharmaceutical company in Indonesia, we found that managing IT risks in the pharmaceutical industry entails two main objectives: 1) ensuring compliance with external laws and regulations as well as internal policies, 2) supporting the optimization of business functions, processes, and costs. Throughout one year of engagement during the project, this study identified ten risks associated with the operation of business processes. Risks are dominated by moderate levels given the current state of controls and appetite, most of which emerge from the company’s existing internal processes. Internal actors are involved in all risks, with most events occurring due to laws and regulations. Further, the study designs and elaborates IT risk controls by drawing from COBIT 5 Seven Enablers. Overall, IT risk management through cascading processes of analysis ensures the alignment of IT risk controls with achieving business goals in the pharmaceutical industry.",business value creation | business-IT alignment | Information technology risks | pharmaceutical industry,International Journal on Informatics Visualization,2023-01-01,Article,"Ramadani, Luthfi;Izzati, Berlian Maulidya;Tarigan, Yosephine Mayagita;Rosanicha, ",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863066898,10.1109/IEEM.2011.6118004,An approach of quality management in the small business environment of South Africa,"Under the recent global worldwide economic crisis, small business enterprises (SBEs) are considered to be a major force behind the South Africa's economy. Regarding the strategy of quality management, probably the most serious constraint of SBEs is that the management is often constantly under time pressure, usually dealing with the urgent staff and operational matters. Quality management does not form the strategic basis of SBEs, which impacts on their sustainability as business enterprises. Thus, an effective quality management strategy is crucial to the sustainability of SBEs. This study proposed a quality strategy model by applying Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle for SBEs. A quantitative research paradigm was applied in the research. Cronbach's Alpha was utilised to test the reliability of each component of the model. The study results indicate that the proposed quality strategies can be implemented effectively by SBEs to ensure their sustainability. © 2011 IEEE.",PDSA | quality management | quality strategy | SBEs | South Africa | sustainability,IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yan, B.;Zhang, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856466158,10.1109/ETFA.2009.5347133,Time availability perception: It's effects on assessment results in 6th graders [Percepción de disponibilidad temporal: Efectos sobre los resultados en evaluaciones de niños de sexto de primaria],"The aim of this research is to test weather the perception of time availability different from the actual task time might modify the task's outcome. 92 students of Sixth Grade, randomized in 4 different groups were tested with the PMA spatial scale for a period. Although each group indeed had 5 minutes to respond, they were informed that the available time was: 3 minutes; 5 minutes; 7 minutes; and no time limit, respectively. Results show that the perception of a slightly larger availability of time improves significantly the performance, being the errors notably lesser than those in the other groups. Such results support some lines of evaluation processes enhancement, both academic and psychometric. © UPV/EHU.",Evaluation | Perception | Performance | Time availability | Time pressure,Revista de Psicodidactica,2011-12-01,Article,"Cladellas, Ramon;Castelló, Antoni",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865745272,10.21437/interspeech.2011-403,Predicting Taiwan Mandarin tone shapes from their duration,"A preliminary study on modelling tonal variation as a function of duration is carried out. An experimentally controlled acoustic database was utilized to construct functional linear models. In the construction of the linear models, duration was used as independent variable in predicting the shape of disyllabic pitch contours in Taiwan Mandarin, given the target tone sequences. Results showed that by moving duration values from short to long, tonal curve shapes of disyllables ranging from non-reduced to reduced were approximated with an adequate goodness-of-fit (usually below one semitone RMSE). This study provides a novel approach to examine the relation between duration and F0 realisation of small units such as disyllables and also supports the time pressure account of phonetic reduction in general. Copyright © 2011 ISCA.",Duration | Functional Data Analysis (FDA) | Functional linear models | Taiwan Mandarin | Tonal reduction,"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH",2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Chierh;Gubian, Michele",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870181670,10.1145/366413.364614,An intelligent risk detection framework using business intelligence tools to improve decision efficiency in healthcare contexts,"Leading healthcare organizations are recognizing the need to incorporate the power of a decision efficiency approach driven by intelligent solutions. The primary drivers for this include the time pressures faced by healthcare professionals coupled with the need to process voluminous and growing amounts of disparate data and information in shorter and shorter time frames and yet make accurate and suitable treatment decisions which have a critical impact on successful healthcare outcomes. This research contends that such a context is appropriate for the application of real time intelligent risk detection decision support systems using Business Intelligence (BI) technologies. The following thus proposes such a model in the context of the case of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), an area which requires complex high risk decisions which need to be made expeditiously and accurately in order to ensure successful healthcare outcomes.",Business Intelligence (BI) | Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) | Decision support | Healthcare | Intelligence continuum (IC) | Risk detection,"17th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2011, AMCIS 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Moghimi, Fatemeh Hoda;Zadeh, Hossein Seif;Cheung, Michael;Wickramasinghe, Nilmini",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80455129266,10.1002/bdm.704,Do military decision makers behave as predicted by prospect theory?,"Four experiments were conducted to explore the robustness of risky choice framing among military decision makers. In the first experiment the original version of the Asian disease problem was administered. In contrast to Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) original findings, military decision makers were not influenced by the gain and loss framing. They demonstrated risk-seeking behavior in both domains. In the second experiment, we administered a military version of the Asian disease problem. We found a significant framing effect, but it was unidirectional: The decision makers were risk seeking in both domains, but significantly more risk seeking in the loss domain. To explore the strength of this risk-seeking preference, we altered the problem in a third experiment, making the risky alternative 12.5% less attractive than the certain one. Again, we found risk-seeking behavior in both domains. Finally, we explored reasons for these deviations from prospect theory by comparing the responses of business students and military officers. In this analysis, we observed significantly higher levels of self-efficacy in the military sample, as compared to the civil sample, and that the self-efficacy influenced risk seeking only in the military sample. In a post hoc analysis we also found that years of education reduced risk-seeking preference. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Asian disease problem | Behavioral decision making | Military | Risky choice framing | Self-efficacy | Time pressure,Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2011-12-01,Article,"Haerem, Thorvald;Kuvaas, Bård;Bakken, Bjørn T.;Karlsen, Tone",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85148569040,10.1080/23779497.2022.2102527,Pharmacist dispensing error: The effect of neighbourhood density and time pressure on accurate visual perception of drug names,"Biotechnology is gaining priority along with other rapidly evolving disciplines in science and engineering due to its potential for innovating the modern military. The broad nature of biotechnology is directly relevant to the military and defence sector where the applications span clinical diagnostics, medical countermeasures and therapeutics, to environmental remediation and biofuels for energy. Although the process for a commercial biotech research and development (R&D) pipeline and the Department of Defence (DOD) acquisition cycle both aim to result in products, they follow two distinctly different pathways. In the biotech industry, the pipeline progresses from basic to applied science that includes design and R&D, commercialisation and product launch, where market forces and financial returns on investment drive priorities. Along the way, the scientific and iterative nature of R&D often results in several candidates for a given assay, drug, therapeutic or vaccine, many of which are unsuccessful or wind up in the so-called valley of death. The DOD acquisition process is a multi-phase and often multi-decade cradle-to-grave product lifecycle engrained in mission requirements, warfighter needs and creating legacy programmes of record. The biotech industry is composed of many small R&D and ‘big pharma’ companies that meet DOD’s unique medical mission requirements. These small R&D companies considered that non-traditional DOD acquisition partners are developing new innovations in biotechnology, but the complex DOD acquisition process is challenging for these small start-ups to navigate. Technology solutions that gain support through DOD acquisitions are able to successfully develop their products and bridge the valley of death by obtaining much needed funding for advanced development, test and evaluation, and demonstration through clinical trials. Our analysis profiles three case histories involving private-public partnerships that yielded biotech products developed through the DOD acquisition cycle that continues to meet current and future medical mission requirements.",Acquisition | biodefense | biotechnology | defence | product development | research and development,"Global Security - Health, Science and Policy",2022-01-01,Article,"Yeh, Kenneth B.;Du, Eric;Olinger, Gene;Boston, Donna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81855226181,10.1177/1071181311551195,Simulated airline luggage screening: The effects of social-cognitive biases on performance,"This study illustrates how social-cognitive biases affects the decision making process of airline luggage screeners. Participants (n = 96) performed a computer simulated task to detect hidden weapons in 200 x-ray images of passenger luggage. Participants saw each image for two (high time pressure) or six seconds (low time pressure). In addition, participants observed pictures of the ""passenger"" (representing five races and both genders) who owned the luggage. The ""pre-anchor group"" answered questions about the passenger before the luggage image appeared, the ""post-anchor"" group answered questions after the luggage appeared, and the ""no-anchor group"" answered no questions. Results revealed that participants under high time pressure had lower hit rates and higher false alarms than those under low time pressure. Significant interactions between passenger gender and race were found for the no-anchor group; there were no significant effects within the pre- and post anchor groups. Finally, participants had higher false alarm rates in response to male than female passengers. Copyright 2011 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2011-11-28,Conference Paper,"Brown, Jeremy;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81855193722,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0309-11.2011,The speed-accuracy tradeoff in the elderly brain: A structural model-based approach,"Even in the simplest laboratory tasks older adults generally take more time to respond than young adults. One of the reasons for this age-related slowing is that older adults are reluctant to commit errors, a cautious attitude that prompts them to accumulate more information before making a decision (Rabbitt, 1979). This suggests that age-related slowingmaybe partly due to unwillingness on behalf of elderly participants to adopt a fast-but-careless setting when asked. We investigate the neuroanatomical and neurocognitive basis of age-related slowing in a perceptual decision-making task where cues instructed young and old participants to respond either quickly or accurately. Mathematical modeling of the behavioral data confirmed that cueing for speed encouraged participants to set low response thresholds, but this was more evident in younger than older participants. Diffusion weighted structural images suggest that the more cautious threshold settings of older participants may be due to a reduction of white matter integrity in corticostriatal tracts that connect the pre-SMA to the striatum. These results are consistent with the striatal account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff according to which an increased emphasis on response speed increases the cortical input to the striatum, resulting in global disinhibition of the cortex. Our findings suggest that the unwillingness of older adults to adopt fast speed-accuracy tradeoff settings may not just reflect a strategic choice that is entirely under voluntary control, but that it may also reflect structural limitations: age-related decrements in brain connectivity. © 2011 the authors.",,Journal of Neuroscience,2011-11-23,Article,"Forstmann, Birte U.;Tittgemeyer, Marc;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Derrfuss, Jan;Imperati, Davide;Brown, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255143791,10.1109/ICGSE.2011.32,"Outsourced, offshored software-testing practice: Vendor-side experiences","In the era of globally distributed software engineering, the practice of outsourced, off shored software testing (OOST) has witnessed increasing adoption. Although there have been ethnographic studies of the development aspects of global software engineering and of the in-house practice of testing, there have been fewer studies of OOST, which to succeed, can require dealing with unique challenges. To address this limitation of the existing studies, we conducted - and, in this paper, report the findings of - an ethnographically- informed study of three vendor testing teams involved in OOST practice. Specifically, we studied how test engineers perform their tasks under deadline pressures, the challenges that they encounter, and their strategies for coping with the challenges. Our study provides insights into the differences and similarities between in-house testing and OOST, the influence of team structures on the degree of pressure experienced by test engineers in the OOST setup, and the factors that influence quality and productivity under OOST. © 2011 IEEE.",Ethnography | field study | human factors | qualitative study | software testing,"Proceedings - 2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, ICGSE 2011",2011-11-21,Conference Paper,"Shah, Hina;Sinha, Saurabh;Harrold, Mary Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81055148064,10.1109/ICMA.2011.5985693,The efficacy of symmetric cognitive biases in robotic motion learning,"We propose an application of human-like decision-making to robotic motion learning. Human is known to have illogical symmetric cognitive biases that induce ""if p then q"" and ""if not q then not p"" from ""if q then p."" The loosely symmetric Shinohara model quantitatively represents the tendencies (Shinohara et al. 2007). Previous studies one of the authors have revealed that an agent with the model used as the action value function shows great performance in n-armed bandit problems, because of the illogical biases. In this study, we apply the model to reinforcement learning with Q-learning algorithm. Testing the model on a simulated giant-swing robot, we have confirmed its efficacy in convergence speed increase and avoidance of local optimum. © 2011 IEEE.",Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma | Giant-Swing Motion | non-Markov Property | Reinforcement Learning | Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff,"2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, ICMA 2011",2011-11-17,Conference Paper,"Uragami, Daisuke;Takahashi, Tatsuji;Alsubeheen, Hisham;Sekiguchi, Akinori;Matsuo, Yoshiki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001795731,10.1016/0030-5073(72)90045-1,The effect of reasoning capacity and time pressure on depth of information processing in decision making: A computer stimulate,"Time pressure experienced by scientists and engineers predicted positively to several aspects of performance including usefulness, innovation, and productivity. Higher time pressure was associated with above average performance during the following five years, even when supervisory status, education, and seniority were controlled. Performance, however, did not predict well to subsequent reports of time pressure, suggesting a possible causal relationship from pressure to performance. High performing scientists also desired more pressure. Innovation and productivity (but not usefulness) were low if the pressure experienced was markedly above that desired. The five-year panel data derived from approximately. 100 scientists in a NASA laboratory. Some theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. © 1972.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1972-01-01,Article,"Andrews, Frank M.;Farris, George F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053953448,10.1007/s00265-011-1215-1,Consistent personality differences in house-hunting behavior but not decision speed in swarms of honey bees (Apis mellifera),"Speed-accuracy tradeoffs are a common feature of decision-making processes, both in individual animals and in groups of animals working together to reach a single collective decision. Individual organisms display consistent differences in their ""impulsivity,"" and vary in their tendency to make rapid, impulsive choices as opposed to slower, more accurate decisions. However, we do not yet know whether groups of animals consistently differ in their tendency to prioritize decision speed over accuracy. We challenged 17 swarms of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to simultaneously choose a new nest site in each of three locations, and measured their decision speeds in each trial. We found that swarms displayed consistent personality differences in the number of waggle dances and shaking signals they performed and in how actively they scouted for new nest sites. However, swarms did not consistently differ in how long they took to choose a nest site. We suggest that house-hunting A. mellifera swarms may place an especially high emphasis on decision accuracy when choosing a nest site, and that chance events-such as the time when each swarm discovers a sufficiently high-quality nest site-may consequently play a greater role in determining a swarm's decision speed than intrinsic characteristics such as a swarm's ""impulsivity."" © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",Apis mellifera | Collective decision-making | Honey bees | Nest-site selection | Personality differences | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Swarm cognition,Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,2011-11-01,Article,"Wray, Margaret K.;Seeley, Thomas D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249116873,10.2307/248881,Comprehension of linguistic dependencies: Speed-accuracy tradeoff evidence for direct-access retrieval from memory,"A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the influence of color and information presentation differences on user perceptions and decision making under varying time constraints. Three different information presentations were evaluated: tabular, graphical, and combined tabular-graphical. Tabular reports led to better decision making and graphical reports led to faster decision making when time constraints were low. The combined report, which integrated the advantages associated with both tabular and graphical presentation, was the superior report format In terms of performance and was rated very highly by decision makers. Color led to improvements in decision making; this was especially pronounced when high time constraints were present.",Graphic presentation | Information system design | User-machine systems,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1986-01-01,Article,"Benbasat, Izak;Dexter, Albert S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002416437,10.1016/0001-6918(81)90001-9,Underestimating busyness: Indications of nonresponse bias due to work-family conflict and time pressure,"Thirty six subjects chose individually between pairs of gambles under three time pressure conditions: High (8 seconds), Medium (16 seconds) and Low (32 seconds). The gambles in each pair were equated for expected value but differed in variance, amounts to win and lose and their respective probabilities. Information about each dimension could be obtained by the subject sequentially according to his preference. The results show that subjects are less risky under High as compared to Medium and Low time pressure, risk taking being measured by choices of gambles with lower variance or lower amounts to lose and win. Subjects tended to spend more time observing the negative dimensions (amount to lose and probability of losing), whereas under low time pressure they preffered observing their positive counterparts. Information preference was found to be related to choices. Filtration of information and acceleration of its processing appear to be the strategies of coping with time pressure. © 1981.",,Acta Psychologica,1981-01-01,Article,"Ben Zur, Hasida;Breznitz, Shlomo J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051795825,10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.004,Neural networks associated with the speed-accuracy tradeoff: Evidence from the response signal method,"This functional neuroimaging (fMRI) study examined the neural networks (spatial patterns of covarying neural activity) associated with the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) in younger adults. The response signal method was used to systematically increase probe duration (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000. ms) in a nonverbal delayed-item recognition task. A covariance-based multivariate approach identified three networks that varied with probe duration-indicating that the SAT is driven by three distributed neural networks. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Functional neuroimaging | Neural networks | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Behavioural Brain Research,2011-10-31,Article,"Blumen, Helena M.;Gazes, Yunglin;Habeck, Christian;Kumar, Arjun;Steffener, Jason;Rakitin, Brian C.;Stern, Yaakov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84935556266,10.1177/0022002786030004003,Speed-accuracy tradeoff in tasks of drawing geometric figures and lines [Relação velocidade-acurácia em tarefa de contornar figuras geométricas e traçar linhas],"A laboratory experiment examined the effects of time pressure on the process and outcome of integrative bargaining. Time pressure was operationalized in terms of the amount of time available to negotiate. As hypothesized, high time pressure produced nonagreements and poor negotiation outcomes only when negotiators adopted an individualistic orientation; when negotiators adopted a cooperative orientation, they achieved high outcomes regardless of time pressure. In combination with an individualistic orientation, time pressure produced greater competitiveness, firm negotiator aspirations, and reduced information exchange. In combination with a cooperative orientation, time pressure produced greater cooperativeness and lower negotiator aspirations. The main findings were seen as consistent with Pruitt's strategic-choice model of negotiation. © 1986, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Conflict Resolution,1986-01-01,Article,"Carnevale, Peter J.d.;Lawler, Edward J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053360586,10.1007/978-3-540-45143-3_7,The comparison of online Delphi and real-time Delphi,"In this study, we compared some fundamental characteristics of online Delphi (OL) and real-time Delphi (RT). We established a set of variables thru literature review; a platform was built to gather data with the involvement of dozens of testers. The findings of this study are including: (1) the time of use for RT is significant but the time pressure in RT survey made testers overwhelmed to manage progress of the exercise, therefore, some automatic functions are identified and suggested; (2) the RT can not only reduce time and costs needed for OL, but also can obviously increase the level of consensus in general; (3) the RT assisted in increasing convergence and consensus among testers. Furthermore, we proposed that the RT could have some potential applications which are leading to further studies. © 2011 IEEE.",,"PICMET: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Proceedings",2011-10-05,Conference Paper,"Hsieh, Chih Hung;Tzeng, Fang Mei;Wu, Chorng Guang;Kao, Jen Shan;Lai, Yun Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052023952,10.1016/j.jml.2011.05.002,Cue-dependent interference in comprehension,"The role of interference as a primary determinant of forgetting in memory has long been accepted, however its role as a contributor to poor comprehension is just beginning to be understood. The current paper reports two studies, in which speed-accuracy tradeoff and eye-tracking methodologies were used with the same materials to provide converging evidence for the role of syntactic and semantic cues as mediators of both proactive (PI) and retroactive interference (RI) during comprehension. Consistent with previous work (e.g., Van Dyke & Lewis, 2003), we found that syntactic constraints at the retrieval site are among the cues that drive retrieval in comprehension, and that these constraints effectively limit interference from potential distractors with semantic/pragmatic properties in common with the target constituent. The data are discussed in terms of a cue-overload account, in which interference both arises from and is mediated through a direct-access retrieval mechanism that utilizes a linear, weighted cue-combinatoric scheme. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Comprehension | Retrieval interference | Sentence processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Memory and Language,2011-10-01,Article,"Van Dyke, Julie A.;McElree, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249099872,10.2307/248853,Time to agree: Is time pressure good for peace negotiations?,"There is very little empirical research available on the effectiveness of decision support systems applied to decision-making groups operating in face-to-face meetings. In order to expand research in this area, a laboratory study was undertaken to examine the effects of group decision support systems (GDSS) technology on group decision quality and individual perceptions within a problem-finding context. A crisis management task served as the decision-making context. Two versions of the experimental task, one higher In difficulty and the other lower in difficulty, were administered to GDSS-supported and nonsupported decision-making groups, yielding a 2 X 2 factorial design. Decision quality was significantly better in those groups that received GDSS support. The GDSS was particularly helpful in the groups receiving the task of higher difficulty. Members' decision confidence and satisfaction with the decision process were, however, lower in the GDSS-supported groups than in the nonsupported groups. These findings expand knowledge of the applicability of GDSS for decision-making tasks and suggest that dissatisfaction may be a stumbling block in user acceptance of these systems.",Decision support | Group decision support systems | Problem solving,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Gallupe, R. Brent;Desanctis, Gerardine;Dickson, Gary W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000221243,10.2307/249456,Development and initial validation of the barriers to diabetes adherence measure for adolescents,"Over the past 35 years, information technology has permeated every business activity. This growing use of information technology promised an unprecedented increase in end-user productivity. Yet this promise is unfulfilled, due primarily to a lack of understanding of end-user behavior. End-user productivity is tied directly to functionality and ease of learning and use. Furthermore, system designers lack the necessary guidance and tools to apply effectively what is known about human-computer interaction (HCI) during systems design. Software developers need to expand their focus beyond functional requirements to include the behavioral needs of users. Only when system functions fit actual work and the system is easy to learn and use will the system be adopted by office workers and business professionals. The large, interdisciplinary body of research literature suggest HCI's importance as well as its complexity. This article is the product of an extensive effort to integrate the diverse body of HCI literature into a comprehensible framework that provides guidance to system designers. HCI design is divided into three major divisions: system model, action language, and presentation language. The system model is a conceptual depiction of system objects and functions. The basic premise is that the selection of a good system model provides direction for designing action and presentation languages that determine the system's look and feel. Major design recommendations in each division are identified along with current research trends and future research issues.",Action language | Human factors | Presentation language | System model | User mental model | User-computer interface,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1991-01-01,Article,"Gerlach, James H.;Kuo, Feng Yang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986412087,10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02605.x,Research on the job stress of air traffic controls with different work status in Taiwan,"One hundred and forty college students, in either (a) 2‐minute time‐limit or (b) a no‐time‐limit condition, voted their conscience on actual pending legislation in their state in a test of hypothesis that such time limits in the voting booth created a stimulus overload situation. Such a situation was expected to result in dysfunctional adaptation responses, with unintended effects on voting patterns. Results indicated that subjects in the time stress condition voted significantly more conservatively on these issues. This conservative shift is interpreted as a function of overload, with serious political implications for urban planners, whose response to increasing population density often has been to increase the tempo by which citizens are processed through the cities’institutional and social services. Copyright © 1974, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",,Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1974-01-01,Article,"Hansson, Robert O.;Keating, John P.;Terry, Carmen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001388217,10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.212,How do decision time and realism affect map-based decision making?,"The purpose of this article is to examine the role of goal commitment in goal-setting research. Despite Locke's (1968) specification that commitment to goals is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of goal setting, a majority of studies in this area have ignored goal commitment. In addition, results of studies that have examined the effects of goal commitment were typically inconsistent with conceptualization of commitment as a moderator. Building on past research, we have developed a model of the goal commitment process and then used it to reinterpret past goal-setting research. We show that the widely varying sizes of the effect of goal difficulty, conditional effects of goal difficulty, and inconsistent results with variables such as participation can largely be traced to main and interactive effects of the variables specified by the model. © 1987 American Psychological Association.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1987-01-01,Article,"Hollenbeck, John R.;Klein, Howard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053021750,10.1109/SSIRI-C.2011.27,Coping with complexity of testing models for real-time embedded systems,"Model based testing techniques are a breakthrough in the modern software development. The integration of state-of-the- art tools to automatically generate and evaluate tests from a model of the software product allows reducing the effort of testing activities while maintaining quality. A major problem for model based techniques is however the effort and the timing for the model specification. In practice, modeling for test case generation will often happen during the test phase instead of the design phase, implying that there is a high time pressure within the modeling process. Model views can help to reduce the effort spent for the modeling. In our work, we will present an useful approach to views for timed testing models, thus reducing the complexity of the modeling process. © 2011 IEEE.",Embedded systems | Modelbased testing | Timed testing,"2011 5th International Conference on Secure Software Integration and Reliability Improvement - Companion, SSIRI-C 2011",2011-09-26,Conference Paper,"Mitsching, Ralf;Weise, Carsten;Franke, Dominik;Gerlitz, Thomas;Kowalewski, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052366162,10.1007/978-3-642-23324-1_88,A model of real-time supply chain collaboration under RFID circumstances,"In the increasing requirements of quick responses to the market, for the market competition became more fiercely and the customers' diversified needs of product increased. Enterprises realized the importance of collaboration between suppliers and partners, especially for saving response time to order. More and more enterprises feel the time pressure during the process of customer's need when they should satisfy customer's individual demands. Lowering down the logistics time means lowering logistics cost, especially the stock cost. Thus the market competition ability of business enterprises could be raised. While RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) techniques could reduce the dealing time on supply chain. How to use RFID techniques to decline inventory and waste is a tough issue. This article targeted on collaboration of supply chain in clothing industry for research object, a valid method for modeling of real-time supply chain collaboration was proposed. RFID technology was applied in stock management, as optimization method was adopted for inventory control based collaboration. A collaboration model was build to decline time, cost and waste. Finally, the application method was verified according emulation. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Collaboration | Optimization | Real-Time Supply Chain | RFID,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2011-09-08,Conference Paper,"Tao, Yi;Wu, Youbo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052392955,10.1007/s13394-011-0019-y,Time pressure and instructional choices when teaching mathematics,"This paper examines the anecdotal claim of ""Not enough time"" made by teachers when expressing their struggle to cover a stipulated syllabus. The study focuses on the actual experiences of a teacher teaching mathematics to a Year 7 class in Singapore according to a designated time schedule. The demands of fulfilling multiple instructional goals within a limited time frame gave rise to numerous junctures where time pressure was felt. The interactions between ongoing time consciousness and instructional decisions will be discussed. An examination of the role played by instructional goals sheds light on the nature and causes of time pressure situations. © 2011 Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, Inc.",Geometry teaching | Instructional goals | Problems of teaching | Time pressure,Mathematics Education Research Journal,2011-09-01,Article,"Leong, Yew Hoong;Chick, Helen L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958202385,10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.002,"The influence of multiple goals on driving behavior: The case of safety, time saving, and fuel saving","Due to the innate complexity of the task drivers have to manage multiple goals while driving and the importance of certain goals may vary over time leading to priority being given to different goals depending on the circumstances. This study aimed to investigate drivers' behavioral regulation while managing multiple goals during driving. To do so participants drove on urban and rural roads in a driving simulator while trying to manage fuel saving and time saving goals, besides the safety goals that are always present during driving. A between-subjects design was used with one group of drivers managing two goals (safety and fuel saving) and another group managing three goals (safety, fuel saving, and time saving) while driving. Participants were provided continuous feedback on the fuel saving goal via a meter on the dashboard. The results indicate that even when a fuel saving or time saving goal is salient, safety goals are still given highest priority when interactions with other road users take place and when interacting with a traffic light. Additionally, performance on the fuel saving goal diminished for the group that had to manage fuel saving and time saving together. The theoretical implications for a goal hierarchy in driving tasks and practical implications for eco-driving are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Behavioral regulation | Eco-driving | Goal management | Safety | Time pressure,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2011-09-01,Article,"Dogan, Ebru;Steg, Linda;Delhomme, Patricia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001456685,10.1016/0030-5073(79)90032-1,Assessing age-related performance decrements in user interface tasks,"The hypothesis that choice strategy is contingent upon task complexity was subjected to further testing using protocol analysis in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design laboratory study involving 40 subjects. As the number of alternatives increased, subjects switched from a one-stage, compensatory strategy to a multistage strategy involving first a noncompensatory screening stage followed by a compensatory evaluation of remaining alternatives. As the number of attributes per alternative increased, subjects differentially weighted the available information to simplify further the choice task. And as the complexity of the attributes increased, subjects tended to adopt a choice strategy with a screening strategy consisting of two separate stages. These findings were corroborated by separate analysis of quantitative measures of extent of processing and by separate analysis of latency measures. This study provides further support for the contingent processing hypothesis and for the attribute complexity hypothesis, and it increases our confidence in the use of protocol analysis as a viable process tracing technique. © 1979.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1979-01-01,Article,"Olshavsky, Richard W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001101354,10.1016/0030-5073(76)90022-2,Dynamic reasoning and time pressure: Transition from analytical operations to experiential responses,"Two process tracing techniques, explicit information search and verbal protocols, were used to examine the information processing strategies subjects use in reaching a decision. Subjects indicated preferences among apartments. The number of alternatives available and number of dimensions of information available was varied across sets of apartments. When faced with a two alternative situation, the subjects employed search strategies consistent with a compensatory decision process. In contrast, when faced with a more complex (multialternative) decision task, the subjects employed decision strategies designed to eliminate some of the available alternatives as quickly as possible and on the basis of a limited amount of information search and evaluation. The results demonstrate that the information processing leading to choice will vary as a function of task complexity. An integration of research in decision behavior with the methodology and theory of more established areas of cognitive psychology, such as human problem solving, is advocated. © 1976.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1976-01-01,Article,"Payne, John W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960353147,10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00882.x,Message sidedness in advertising: The moderating roles of need for cognition and time pressure in persuasion,"Persuasion has been extensively researched for decades. Much of this research has focused on different message tactics and their effects on persuasion (e.g., Chang & Chou, 2008; Lafferty, 1999). This research aims to assess whether the persuasion of a specific type of message is influenced by need for cognition (NFC) and time pressure. The 336 undergraduates participated in a 2 (message sidedness: one-sided/two-sided)×3 (time pressure: low/moderate/high) between-subjects design. Results indicate that two-sided messages tend to elicit more favorable ad attitudes than one-sided messages. As compared with low-NFC individuals, high-NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. Moderate time pressure tends to lead to more favorable ad attitudes than low time pressure and high time pressure. In addition, moderate time pressure is likely to elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than high time pressure, but does not elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than low time pressure. Furthermore, when high-NFC individuals are under low or moderate time pressure, two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages; however, message sidedness does not differentially affect the persuasion when high-NFC individuals are pressed for time. In contrast, one-sided messages are more persuasive than two-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under low or high time pressure, and two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under moderate time pressure. © 2011 The Author. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology © 2011 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.",Message sidedness | Need for cognition (NFC) | Persuasion | Time pressure,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2011-08-01,Article,"Kao, Danny Tengti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018081364,10.3758/BF03198244,"The relative timing between eye and hand in rapid sequential pointing is affected by time pressure, but not by advance knowledge","The monitoring of information acquisition behavior, along with other process tracing measures such as response times, was used to examine how individuals process information about gambles into a decision. Subjects indicated preferences among specially constructed three-outcome gambles. The number of alternatives available was varied across the sets of gambles. A majority of the subjects processed information about the gambles in ways inconsistent with compensatory models of risky decision making, such as information integration (Anderson & Shanteau, 1970). Furthermore, the inconsistency between observed information acquisition behavior and such compensatory rules increased as the choice task became more complex. Alternative explanations of risky choice behavior are considered. © 1978 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Memory & Cognition,1978-09-01,Article,"Payne, John W.;Braunstein, Myron L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051774405,10.1080/20445911.2011.550569,Impaired performance as a source of reduced energy investment in judgement under stressors,"Adaptive mechanisms to protect cognitive performance under stressors through compensation in energy investment have previously received much research attention. However, stressors have also often been found to substantially reduce both performance and investment. The mechanisms underlying this dual negative effect are still unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that stressors can immediately hamper performance, which in turn reduces energy investment in later phases. In an experiment (N=103), we compared control and stressor conditions (noise or time pressure), investigating the effects of stressors on performance and information-sampling investment (as behavioural measure of energy investment) in two phases of a judgement task. The results showed an instant negative effect of stressors on performance and a delayed negative effect on information-sampling investment. Furthermore, impaired initial performance predicted the decline in investment over time. Finally, the effects of stressors on investment decline were partially mediated through initial performance level. The present findings contribute to theories aiming to explain the relationship between hampered performance and motivational losses. © 2011 Psychology Press.",Investment | Judgement | Noise | Performance | Stressors | Time pressure,Journal of Cognitive Psychology,2011-08-01,Article,"Roets, Arne;Van Hiel, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986685602,10.1002/job.4030050406,A preliminary study of distance between examination seats for preventing cheat with speed-accuracy tradeoff,,,Journal of Organizational Behavior,1984-01-01,Article,"Peters, Lawrence H.;O'Connor, Edward J.;Pooyan, Abdullah;Quick, James C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960301537,10.1007/978-1-4419-9794-4_30,A note on automated time-temperature and time-pressure shifting,"Time-dependent material functions of engineering plastics within the exploitation range of temperatures extend over several decades of time. For this reason material characterization is carried out at different temperatures and/or pressures within a certain experimental window, which for practical reasons extends typically over four decades of time. For example, when relaxation experiments in shear, are performed at different constant temperatures and/or pressures, a set of segments is obtained. Using the time-temperature and/or time-pressure superposition principle, these segments can be shifted along the logarithmic time-scale to obtain a master curve at a selected reference conditions. This shifting is commonly performed manually (""by hand""), and requires some experience. Unfortunately, manual shifting is not based on a commonly agreed mathematical procedure which would, for a given set of experimental data, yield always exactly the same master curve, independently of a person who executes the shifting process. Thus, starting from the same set of experimental data two different researchers could, and very likely will, construct two different master curves. In this paper we propose mathematical methodology which completely removes ambiguity related to the manual shifting procedures. Paper presents the derivation of the shifting algorithm and its validation using several simulated- and real- experimental data. ©2010 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc.",Algorithm for automated time-temperature shifting | Long-term behavior of polymers | Master curve | Time-temperature (-pressure) superposition principle,Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Gergesova, M.;Zupančič, B.;Emri, I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-49249146322,10.1016/0030-5073(79)90048-5,Model-based robust design for time-pressure fluid dispensing using surrogate modeling,"This paper introduces a representation system for the description of decision alternatives and decision rules. Examples of these decision rules, classified according to their metric requirements (i.e., metric level, commensurability across dimensions, and lexicographic ordering) in the system, are given. A brief introduction to process tracing techniques is followed by a review of results reported in process tracing studies of decision making. The review shows that most decision problems are solved without a complete search of information, which shows that many of the algebraic models of decision making are inadequate. When the number of aspects of a decision situation is constant, an increase in the number of alternatives (and a corresponding decrease in the number of dimensions) leads to a greater number of investigated aspects. Verbal protocols showed that decision rules belonging to the different groups were used by decision makers when making a choice. It was concluded that process tracing data can be fruitfully used in studies of decision making but that such data do not release the researcher from the burden of constructing theories or models in relation to which the data must then be analyzed. © 1979.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1979-01-01,Article,"Svenson, Ola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985846653,10.1111/j.1540-5915.1991.tb00344.x,Time Is Tight: How Higher Economic Value of Time Increases Feelings of Time Pressure,"A considerable amount of research has been conducted over a long period of time into the effects of graphical and tabular representations on decision‐making performance. To date, however, the literature appears to have arrived at few conclusions with regard to the performance of the two representations. This paper addresses these issues by presenting a theory, based on information processing theory, to explain under what circumstances one representation outperforms the other. The fundamental aspects of the theory are: (1) although graphical and tabular representations may contain the same information, they present that information in fundamentally different ways; graphical representations emphasize spatial information, while tables emphasize symbolic information; (2) tasks can be divided into two types, spatial and symbolic, based on the type of information that facilitates their solution; (3) performance on a task will be enhanced when there is a cognitive fit (match) between the information emphasized in the representation type and that required by the task type; that is, when graphs support spatial tasks and when tables support symbolic tasks; (4) the processes or strategies problem solvers use are the crucial elements of cognitive fit since they provide the link between representation and task; the processes identified here are perceptual and analytical; (5) so long as there is a complete fit of representation, processes, and task type, each representation will lead to both quicker and more accurate problem solving. The theory is validated by its success in explaining the results of published studies that examine the performance of graphical and tabular representations in decision making. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",and | Decision Support Systems | Human Information Processing | Management Information Systems,Decision Sciences,1991-01-01,Article,"Vessey, Iris",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002316142,10.1287/isre.2.1.63,Coping with time pressure and knowledge sharing in buyer-supplier relationships,"This research suggests that providing decision support systems to satisfy individual managers' desires will not have a large effect on either the efficiency or the effectiveness of problem solving. Designers should, instead, concentrate on determining the characteristics of the tasks that problem solvers must address, and on supporting those tasks with the appropriate problem representations and support tools. Sufficient evidence now exists to suggest that the notion of cognitive fit may be one aspect of a general theory of problem solving. Suggestions are made for extending the notion of fit to more complex problem-solving environments. Copyright © 1991, The Institute of Management Sciences.",Cognitive fit | Information acquisition | Numeric skills | Spatial skills | Spatial tasks | Symbolic tasks,Information Systems Research,1991-01-01,Article,"Vessey, Iris;Galletta, Dennis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84965459141,10.1177/014920639201800309,Prefrontal cortex and impulsive decision making,"Meta-analyses were conducted to examine the antecedents of personal goal level, and the antecedents and consequences of goal commitment based on 78 goal-setting studies. Meta-analyses of the antecedents of personal goal level indicated that prior performance and ability were significantly related to personal goals whereas knowledge of results had a marginally significant relationship with personal goal level. The relationships of three antecedent variables with goal commitment were found to be statistically significant (i.e., self-efficacy, expectancy of goal attainment, and task difficulty), whereas task complexity had a marginally significant relationship with goal commitment. The results of the meta-analyses on the consequences of goal commitment showed goal commitment to significantly affect goal achievement. A model was developed that integrated the results of the meta-analyses with conceptually derived variables and relationships. © 1992, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Management,1992-01-01,Article,"Wofford, J. C.;Goodwin, Vicki L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001026839,10.1037/h0037186,Ground vibration testing master class: Modern testing and analysis concepts applied to an F-16 aircraft,"Investigated dominant simplifying strategies people use in adapting to different information processing environments. It was hypothesized that judges operating under either time pressure or distraction would systematically place greater weight on negative evidence than would their counterparts under less strainful conditions. 6 groups of male undergraduates (N = 210) were presented 5 pieces of information to assimilate in evaluating cars as purchase options. 3 groups operated under varying time pressure conditions, while 3 groups operated under varying levels of distraction. Data usage models assuming disproportionately heavy weighting of negative evidence provided best fits to a signficantly higher number of Ss in the high time pressure and moderate distraction conditions. Ss attended to fewer data dimensions in these conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1974 American Psychological Association.","time pressure & distraction, weighting of positive vs negative information in decision making, male college students",Journal of Applied Psychology,1974-10-01,Article,"Wright, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021393854,10.1080/00140138408963489,Reaction times for allocentric movements are 35 ms slower than reaction times for target-directed movements,"An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of time pressure and of training on the utilization of compensatory multi-attribute (MAU) decision processes. Sixty subjects made buying decisions with and without training in the process of compensatory MAU decision-making. This was repeated with and without time pressure. It was found that training resulted in more effective decision making only under the 'no time pressure' condition. Under time pressure the training did not improve the quality of decision making at all, and the effectiveness of the decisions was significantly lower than under no time pressure. It was concluded that specific training methods should be designed to help decision makers improve their decisions under time pressure. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Decisions | Effectiveness | Time pressure | Training,Ergonomics,1984-01-01,Article,"Zakay, Dan;Wooler, Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957717066,10.1016/j.surg.2010.12.005,"A comparison of evaluation, time pressure, and multitasking as stressors of psychomotor operative performance","Background: There is gathering interest in determining the typical sources of stress for an operating surgeon and the effect that stressors might have on operative performance. Much of the research in this field, however, has failed to measure stress levels and performance concurrently or has not acknowledged the differential impact of potential stressors. Our aim was to examine empirically the influence of different sources of stress on trained laparoscopic performance. Methods: A total of 30 medical students were trained to proficiency on the validated Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery peg transfer task, and then were tested under 4 counterbalanced test conditions: control, evaluation threat, multitasking, and time pressure. Performance was assessed via completion time and a process measure reflecting the efficiency of movement (ie, path length). Stress levels in each test condition were measured using a multidimensional approach that included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the subject's heart rate while performing a task. Results: The time pressure condition caused the only significant increase in stress levels but did not influence completion time or the path length of movement. Only the multitasking condition significantly increased completion time and path length, despite there being no significant increase in stress levels. Overall, the STAI and heart rate measures were not correlated strongly. Conclusion: Recommended measures of stress levels do not necessarily reflect the demands of an operative task, highlighting the need to understand better the mechanisms that influence performance in surgery. This understanding will help inform the development of training programs that encourage the complete transfer of skills from simulators to the operating room. © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Surgery,2011-06-01,Article,"Poolton, Jamie M.;Wilson, Mark R.;Malhotra, Neha;Ngo, Karen;Masters, Rich S.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032074640,10.1287/mnsc.44.5.645,Intelligent use of implicit planning know-how of the digital factory [Intelligente Nutzung von implizitem Planungswissen der Digitalen Fabrik],"Marketing decision makers are confronted with an increasing amount of information. This leads to a complex decision environment that may cause decision makers to lapse into using mental-effort-reducing heuristics such as anchoring and adjustment. In an experimental study, we find that the use of a marketing decision support system (MDSS) increases the effectiveness of marketing decision makers. An MDSS is effective because it assists its users in identifying the important decision variables and, subsequently, making better decisions based on those variables. Decision makers using an MDSS are also less susceptible to applying the anchoring and adjustment heuristic and, therefore, show more variation in their decisions in a dynamic environment. Low-analytical decision makers and decision makers operating under low time pressure especially benefit from using an MDSS.",Decision Support Systems | Managerial Decision Making | Marketing,Management Science,1998-01-01,Article,"Van Bruggen, Gerrit H.;Smidts, Ale;Wierenga, Berend",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032223721,10.1080/07421222.1998.11518212,Effects of mental workload on nurses' visual behaviors during infusion pump operation,"The Israeli Air Force (IAF) has developed a simulation system to train its top commanders in how to use defensive resources in the face of an aerial attack by enemy combat aircraft. During the simulation session, the commander in charge allocates airborne and standby resources and dispatches or diverts aircraft to intercept intruders. Seventy-four simulation sessions were conducted in order to examine the effects of time pressure and completeness of information on the performance of twenty-nine top IAF commanders. Variables examined were: (1) display of complete versus incomplete information, (2) time-constrained decision making versus unlimited decision time, and (3) the difference in performance between top strategic commanders and mid-level field commanders. Our results show that complete information usually improved performance. However, field commanders (as opposed to top strategic commanders) did not improve their performance when presented with complete information under pressure of time. Time pre ssure usually, but not always, impaired performance. Top commanders tended to make fewer changes in previous decisions than did field commanders.",Decision making | Effectiveness of incomplete information | Information effectiveness | Time-constrained decision making | Value of information,Journal of Management Information Systems,1998-01-01,Article,"Ahituv, Niv;Igbaria, Magid;Sella, Aviem",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033235401,10.1287/mksc.18.3.196,Time and moral judgment,"This paper provides an introduction to this Special Issue by a) providing a framework for evaluating the potential and actual success of marketing management support systems (MMSS), and b) briefly discussing how each paper in this Special Issue addresses the general topic of managerial decision making. The paper concludes by outlining some key questions that still need to be addressed.",Decision aids | Managerial decision making | Measures of success,Marketing Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Wierenga, Berend;Van Bruggen, Gerrit H.;Staelin, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955684258,10.1108/09699981111126205,"Structural linear relationships between job stress, burnout, physiological stress, and performance of construction project managers","Purpose - Construction is a competitive, ever-changing, and challenging industry. Therefore, it is not surprising that the majority of construction professionals suffer from stress, especially construction project managers (C-PMs), who are often driven by the time pressures, uncertainties, crisis-ridden environment, and dynamic social structures that are intrinsic to every construction project. Extensive literature has indicated that stress can be categorized into: job stress, burnout, and physiological stress. This study aims to investigate the impact of stress on the performance of C-PMs. Design/methodology/approach - To investigate the relationships between stress and performance among C-PMs, a questionnaire was designed based on the extensive literature, and was sent to 500 C-PMs who had amassed at least five years' direct working experience in the construction industry. A total of 108 completed questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 21.6 percent. Based on the data collected, an integrated structural equation model of the stresses and performances of C-PMs was developed using Lisrel 8.0. Findings - The results of structural equation modelling reveal the following: job stress is the antecedent of burnout, while burnout can further predict physiological stress for C-PMs; job stress is negatively related only to their task performance; both burnout and physiological stress are negatively related to their organizational performance; and task performance leads positively to their interpersonal performance. Recommendations are given based on the findings to enhance their stress and performance levels. Originality/value - This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the impact of various types of stress on the performances of C-PMs. The result constitutes a significant step towards the stress management of C-PMs in the dynamic and stressful construction industry. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Construction industry | Performance management | Project management | Stress,"Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management",2011-05-11,Article,"Leung, Mei Yung;Chan, Yee Shan Isabelle;Dongyu, Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14744284944,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.10.003,Direct-access retrieval during sentence comprehension: Evidence from Sluicing,"Prior research on human ability to write database queries has concentrated on the characteristics of query interfaces and the complexity of the query tasks. This paper reports the results of a laboratory experiment that investigated the relationship between task complexity and time availability, a characteristic of the task context not investigated in earlier database research, while controlling the query interface, data model, technology, and training. Contrary to expectations, when performance measures were adjusted by the time used to perform the task, time availability did not have any effects on task performance while task complexity had a strong influence on performance at all time availability levels. Finally, task complexity was found to be the main determinant of user confidence. The implications of these results for future research and practice are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Database query task | Task complexity | Time availability | Time pressure | Usability,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2005-03-01,Article,"Topi, Heikki;Valacich, Joseph S.;Hoffer, Jeffrey A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349297179,10.1509/jmkg.74.6.94,Real-time retrieval for case-based reasoning in interactive multiagent-based simulations,"Marketing planners often use geographical information systems (GISs) to help identify suitable retail locations, regionally distribute advertising campaigns, and target direct marketing activities. Geographical information systems thematic maps facilitate the visual assessment of map regions. A broad set of alternative symbolizations, such as circles, bars, or shading, can be used to visually represent quantitative geospatial data on such maps. However, there is little knowledge on which kind of symbolization is the most adequate in which problem situation. In a large-scale experimental study, the authors show that the type of symbolization strongly influences decision performance. The findings indicate that graduated circles are appropriate symbolizations for geographical information systems thematic maps, and their successful utilization seems to be virtually Independent of personal characteristics, such as spatial ability and map experience. This makes circle symbolizations particularly suitable for effective decision making and cross-functional communication. © 2010, American Marketing Association.",Cartograms | Data visualization | Geographical information systems thematic maps | Spatial marketing decisions | Symbolization,Journal of Marketing,2010-11-01,Article,"Ozimec, Ana Marija;Natter, Martin;Reutterer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955560172,10.1109/MS.2011.68,Virtual retrospectives for geographically dispersed software teams,"One of the biggest challenges that organizations face today in holding and learning from retrospectives is the issue of distributed teams. Even though we know that face-to-face meetings are better, we often deal with budget constraints and time pressure. I was happy to meet John at the 2010 SATURN conference and learn of his experience at Intel. He has a good, useful story to share and, after all, learning from the past is what retrospectives are all about! © 2011 IEEE.",retrospectivevirtual retrospectiveprocess improvementsoftware development,IEEE Software,2011-05-01,Article,"Terzakis, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036885481,10.1016/S0167-9236(01)00136-1,Sampling and assessment accuracy in mate choice: A random-walk model of information processing in mating decision,"In Part 2, we examine the viability of the new symbolic language that we described in Part 1, in a specific setting. Using an abstract classification task that involves decision-making under time pressure, we study multiple measures of subject performance at this task using the new language vis-à-vis written and spoken English. Initial experimental results suggest that, despite its relative novelty, the proposed language is at least as effective as the more traditional communication modes in the specific setting examined, while succinctly conveying what must be conveyed. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision-making | Ex-ante DSS evaluation | Induced value theory | Mobile computing | Multimedia systems | Symbolic language | Time pressure,Decision Support Systems,2002-12-01,Article,"Marsden, James R.;Pakath, Ramakrishnan;Wibowo, Kustim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,Lottery pricing under time pressure,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649445836,10.1016/j.jretai.2010.07.011,Time pressure: A complex phenomenon that needs to be studied as a matter of urgency [La pression temporelle: Un phénomène complexe quil est urgent d'étudier],"In today's rapidly evolving business environment, retailers must develop highly responsive supply chains in order to satisfy constantly changing market demands. One approach to achieving this objective is to leverage the capabilities of other supply chain members to achieve cycle time compression of key business activities. However, when viewed through the theoretical lenses of Social Exchange Theory and Reciprocity, a potential conflict exists between facilitating supply chain responsiveness and maintaining close retailer-supplier relationships. The purpose of this research is to quantitatively test how the imposition of time pressure affects key elements of retail supply chain relationships. Scenario based experimental methodology was utilized to test the effects of time pressure on two distinct types of retailer-supplier relationships. Results of this research offer evidence to support the notion that time pressure can reduce collaborative behaviors, relationship loyalty, and relationship value in critical retailer-supplier relationships. © 2010 New York University.",Experimentation | Retailer-supplier relationships | Supplier management | Supply chain management | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2010-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Esper, Terry L.;Stank, Theodore P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645025876,10.1108/13673270410548469,Coping with time pressure in interfirm supply chain relationships,"This paper aims to identify and articulate critical research issues in the emerging area of real-time knowledge management (RT-KM) in enterprises, in order to stimulate other researchers to further pursue them. The paper creates a framework around which it identifies and examines research issues and challenges that become salient and critical when knowledge sharing and creation need to happen in near real-time. The framework is based on two drivers: Increasing the requirements to plan for quickening the action-learning loop in the enterprise, and increasing requirements in planning for emergence. The action-learning loop is further articulated through the “observe, orient, decide, and act” (OODA) framework that is suited to sense-and-respond environments. Through the framework six sets of critical research challenges are identified around RT-KM in enterprises: Challenges around managing the quality of information in RT-KM, challenges around improving the selective and intensive aspects of managerial attention in RT-KM, challenges around making core business processes better suited to RT-KM, challenges around integrating multiple distributed perspectives unpredictably in RT-KM, challenges around developing heuristics in a way that allow real-time emergence, and challenges around effectively capturing actions and learning for later reuse in RT-KM. The issues and challenges identified are suggestive rather than exhaustive. Based on observations from real field case studies in industry, and driven by an industry need for better RT-KM. This paper brings together the concepts of vigilant information systems, OODA loops, and emergence and applies them through a framework to identify research issues and challenges in this new emerging area of RT-KM. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",,Journal of Knowledge Management,2004-08-01,Article,"Sawy, Omar A.;Majchrzak, Ann",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Search dynamics in consumer choice under time pressure: An eye-tracking study,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034299718,10.1016/S0164-1212(00)00033-9,Work stressors and impaired sleep: Rumination as a mediator,"Resources allocated to software maintenance constitute a major portion of the total lifecycle cost of a system and can effect the ability of an organization to react to dynamic environments. A major component of software maintenance resources is analyst and programmer labor. This paper is an experimental evaluation of how the Human Information Processing (HIP) model can serve as a framework for examining the interaction of an individual's information processing capability and characteristics of the maintenance task. Independent variables investigated include program size, control flow complexity, variable name mnemonicity, time pressure, level of semantic knowledge and some of their interactions on maintenance effort. Data collection was done using the Program Maintenance Performance Testing System (PROMPTS) designed especially for the experiment. The results indicate that a HIP perspective on software maintenance may contribute to a decrease in maintenance cost and increase the responsiveness of maintenance to changing organizational needs.",,Journal of Systems and Software,2000-01-01,Article,"Ramanujan, Sam;Scamell, Richard W.;Shah, Jaymeen R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40849096082,10.1177/0013164407308510,Time limits and gender differences on paper-and-pencil tests of mental rotation: A meta-analysis,"This article proposes a multilevel modeling approach to study the general and specific attitudes formed in human learning behavior. Based on the premises of activity theory, it conceptualizes the unit of analysis for attitude measurement as a scalable and evolving activity system rather than a single action. Measurement issues related to this conceptualization, including scale development and validation, are discussed with the help of facet analysis and multilevel structural equation modeling techniques. An empirical study was conducted, and the results indicate that this approach is theoretically and methodologically defensible. © 2008 Sage Publications.",Activity theory | Expansive learning | Facet analysis | General attitude | Measurement validity | Multilevel structural equation modeling | Specific attitude,Educational and Psychological Measurement,2008-01-01,Article,"Sun, Jun;Willson, Victor L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886498923,10.1007/s10796-009-9189-5,A computing theory for collaborative and transparentc decision making under time constraint,"To address shortcomings of predominately subjective measures in empirical IS research on IT usage and human-computer interaction, this paper uses a multi-method experimental analysis extending empirical surveying with objective measures from eyetracking and electrodermal activity (EDA). In a three stage process, objective user performance is observed in terms of task fulfillment and user performing of participants in four focus groups, classified by user system experience and the treatment pressure to perform. Initial results of this research-in-progress reveal that users with prior system experience perform considerably better and faster than users without system experience. This also accounts for users under pressure to perform compared to users without pressure to perform. However, the results of the EDA show that users under pressure to perform also have a higher objective strain level. Furthermore, a first regression analysis outlines that objective performance might help to understand user's system satisfaction to a greater extent.",Electrodermal activity | Experimental analysis | Eye-tracking | Objective data | Pressure to perform | System experience | User performance,"International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Eckhardt, Andreas;Maier, Christian;Buettner, Ricardo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83655184809,10.1002/asi.21670,The Impact of Situational Influences on Corruption in Organizations,"In a contemporary user environment, there are often multiple information systems available for a certain type of task. Based on the premises of Activity Theory, this study examines how user characteristics, system experiences, and task situations influence an individual's preferences among different systems in terms of user readiness to interact with each. It hypothesizes that system experiences directly shape specific user readiness at the within-subject level, user characteristics and task situations make differences in general user readiness at the between-subject level, and task situations also affect specific user readiness through the mediation of system experiences. An empirical study was conducted, and the results supported the hypothesized relationships. The findings provide insights on how to enhance technology adoption by tailoring system development and management to various task contexts and different user groups. © 2011 ASIS&T.",,Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2012-01-01,Article,"Sun, Jun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052985745,10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4_1,Human speed-accuracy tradeoffs in search,"We commonly make decisions based on different kinds of maps, and under varying time constraints. The accuracy of these decisions often can decide even over life and death. In this study, we investigate how varying time constraints and different map types can influence people's visuo-spatial decision making, specifically for a complex slope detection task involving three spatial dimensions. We find that participants' response accuracy and response confidence do not decrease linearly, as hypothesized, when given less response time. Assessing collected responses within the signal detection theory framework, we find that different inference error types occur with different map types. Finally, we replicate previous findings suggesting that while people might prefer more realistic looking maps, they do not necessarily perform better with them. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",empirical map evaluation | shaded relief maps | slope maps | time pressure,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2011-09-26,Conference Paper,"Wilkening, Jan;Fabrikant, Sara Irina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878574772,10.1080/15230406.2013.762140,An intelligence risk detection framework to improve decision efficiency in healthcare contexts: The example of pediatric congenital heart disease,"Interactive 3D geo-browsers, also known as globe viewers, are popular, because they are easy and fun to use. However, it is still an open question whether highly interactive, 3D geographic data browsing, and visualization displays support effective and efficient spatio-temporal decision making. Moreover, little is known about the role of time constraints for spatiotemporal decision-making in an interactive, 3D context. In this article, we present an empirical approach to assess the effect of decision-time constraints on the quality of spatio-temporal decision-making when using 3D geo-browsers, such as GoogleEarth, in 3D task contexts of varying complexity. Our experimental results suggest that while, overall, people interact more with interactive geo-browsers when not under time pressure, this does not mean that they are also more accurate or more confident in their decisions when solving typical 3D cartometric tasks. Surprisingly, we also find that 2D interaction capabilities (i.e., zooming and panning) are more frequently used for 3D tasks than 3D interaction tools (i.e., rotating and tilting), regardless of time pressure. Finally, we find that background and training of tested users do not seem to influence 3D task performance. In summary, our study does not provide any evidence for the added value of using interactive 3D globe viewers when needing to solve 3D cartometric tasks with or without time pressure. © 2013 Cartography and Geographic Information Society.",Geo-browsers | Map interaction | Time pressure,Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2013-06-10,Article,"Wilkening, Jan;Fabrikant, Sara Irina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747149901,10.1108/01443570610682625,The casuistry of the common law and its solution in the practice of translating it into a system of civil law [Le traducteur professionnel face aux textes techniques et à la recherche documentaire],"Purpose - Fast-paced, hyper-competitive environments require organizations to use flexible resources and delegate decision making. This paper aims to examine the synergistic effects of operators' involvement in decision making (IIDM) and equipment reliability across operations on mix flexibility when speed is emphasized. A theoretical framework integrating strategic decision making and operations management theories is proposed to uncover the dynamics of such relationships. Design/methodology/approach - Both objective and subjective data were collected at the individual level from different sources in a single organization. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the framework. Findings - Results show that: an emphasis on speed and experience interact to predict IIDM; and IIDM and machine reliability have compensatory effects in predicting mix flexibility, i.e. greater operator IIDM results in a more varied output mix, but this effect wanes as machine reliability increases. Research limitations/implications - The use of a single research facility permitted extensive data collection and strengthened internal validity, but it also limited the generalizability of the results. Assuaging this concern is the fact that the results support well-established theories. Originality/value - Labor flexibility should be construed in terms of job enlargement and enrichment. For organizations, the study highlights the importance of a well-trained workforce to support and exploit technological capabilities. It also sets parameters over which decision making is most effective. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Decision making | Flexibility | Human resource management,International Journal of Operations and Production Management,2006-08-18,Article,"Karuppan, Corinne M.;Kepes, Sven",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79551709966,10.1093/heapro/daq060,"Time limits? Reflecting and responding to time barriers for healthy, active living in Australia","Lack of time is the main reason people say they do not exercise or use public transport, so addressing time barriers is essential to achieving health promotion goals. Our aim was to investigate how time barriers are viewed by the people who develop programs to increase physical activity or use active transport. We studied five interventions and explored the interplay between views and strategies. Some views emphasized personal choice and attitudes, and strategies to address time barriers were focused on changing personal priorities or perceptions. Other views emphasized social-structural sources of time pressures, and provided pragmatic ideas to free up time. The most nuanced strategies to address time barriers were employed by programs that researched and solicited the views of potential participants. Two initiatives re-shaped their campaigns to incorporate ways to save time, and framed exercise or active transport as a means to achieve other, pressing, priorities. Time shortages also posed problems for one intervention that relied on the unpaid time of volunteers. Time-sensitive health and active transport interventions are needed, and the methods and approaches we describe could serve as useful, preliminary models. © The Author (2010).",active transport | health equity | physical activity | time pressure,Health Promotion International,2011-03-01,Article,"Strazdins, Lyndall;Broom, Dorothy H.;Banwell, Cathy;McDonald, Tessa;Skeat, Helen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78951489612,10.1109/TEM.2010.2048914,A double-edged sword: The effects of challenge and hindrance time pressure on new product development teams,"Bringing new products to market requires team effort. New product development teams often face demanding schedules and high deliverable expectations, making time pressure a common experience at the workplace. Past literature have generally associated the relationship between time pressure and performance based on the inverted-U model, where low and high levels of time pressure are related to poor performance. However, teams do not necessarily perform worse when the levels of time pressure are high. In contrast, there are numerous examples of high-performance teams in intense time-pressure situations. The purpose of this study is to reconcile some of the discrepancies concerning the effects of time pressure by considering the nature of stress. This study is also designed to investigate time pressure at team level - an area that is not well investigated. A model of 2-D time pressure, i.e., challenge and hindrance time pressure, was developed. Data are collected based on a two-part electronic survey from 81 new product development teams (500 respondents) in Western Europe. The results showed challenge and hindrance time pressure to improve and deteriorate team performance, respectively. At the same time, we also found team coordination to partially mediate the time-pressureteam-performance relationships. Furthermore, team identification is found to sustain team coordination, especially for teams facing hindrance time pressure. This indicates that teams that possess strong team identification could be positioned strategically in projects where time pressure is intense and where the stakes are high. Other implications with respect to theory and practice are discussed. © 2006 IEEE.",Challenge | hindrance | new product development (NPD) | performance | team | time pressure,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Chai, Kah Hin;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876288790,10.1002/asi.22782,Biofeedback effectiveness to reduce upper limb muscle activity during computer work is muscle specific and time pressure dependent,"Delays have become one of the most often cited complaints of web users. Long delays often cause users to abandon their searches, but how do tolerable delays affect information search behavior? Intuitively, we would expect that tolerable delays should induce decreased information search. We conducted two experiments and found that as delay increased, a point occurs at which time within-page information search increases; that is, search behavior remained the same until a tipping point occurs where delay increases the depth of search. We argue that situation normality explains this phenomenon; users have become accustomed to tolerable delays up to a point (our research suggests between 7 and 11 s), after which search behavior changes. That is, some delay is expected, but as delay becomes noticeable but not long enough to cause the abandonment of search, an increase occurs in the ""stickiness"" of webpages such that users examine more information on each page before moving to new pages. The net impact of tolerable delays was counterintuitive: tolerable delays had no impact on the total amount of data searched in the first experiment, but induced users to examine more data points in the second experiment. © 2013 ASIS&T.",data presentation | information dissemination | information processing,Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2013-05-01,Article,"Taylor, Nolan J.;Dennis, Alan R.;Cummings, Jeff W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650810970,10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.01.003,Effects of cooperative procurement procedures on construction project performance: A conceptual framework,"In this paper, we develop a testable holistic procurement framework that examines how a broad range of procurement related factors affects project performance criteria. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we put forward propositions suggesting that cooperative procurement procedures (joint specification, selected tendering, soft parameters in bid evaluation, joint subcontractor selection, incentive-based payment, collaborative tools, and contractor self-control) generally have a positive influence on project performance (cost, time, quality, environmental impact, work environment, and innovation). We additionally propose that these relationships are moderated or mediated by the collaborative climate (i.e. the trust and commitment among partners) in the project and moderated by the overall project characteristics (i.e. how challenging the project is in terms of complexity, customization, uncertainty, value/size, and time pressure). Based on our contribution, future research can test the framework empirically to further increase the knowledge about how procurement factors may influence project performance. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.",Collaboration | Coopetition | Procurement | Project performance,International Journal of Project Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Eriksson, Per Erik;Westerberg, Mats",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751646432,10.1016/j.compind.2010.10.009,A novel fuzzy multi-criteria decision framework for sustainable supplier selection with incomplete information,"Both academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chains has increased in recent years. Supplier selection process is one of the key operational tasks for sustainable supply chain management. This paper examines the problem of identifying an effective model based on sustainability principles for supplier selection operations in supply chains. Due to its multi-criteria nature, the sustainable supplier evaluation process requires an appropriate multi-criteria analysis and solution approach. The approach should also consider that decision makers might face situations such as time pressure, lack of expertise in related issue, etc., during the evaluation process. The paper develops a novel approach based on fuzzy analytic network process within multi-person decision-making schema under incomplete preference relations. The method not only makes sufficient evaluations using the provided preference information, but also maintains the consistency level of the evaluations. Finally, the paper analyzes the sustainability of a number of suppliers in a real-life problem to demonstrate the validity of the proposed evaluation model. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Analytic network process | Fuzzy logic | Incomplete preference relations | Supplier selection | Sustainable supply chain,Computers in Industry,2011-02-01,Article,"Büyüközkan, Gülçin;Çifçi, Gizem",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79251576144,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4000-10.2011,Neural characterization of the speed - Accuracy tradeoff in a perceptual decision-making task,"Decisions often necessitate a tradeoff between speed and accuracy (SAT), that is, fast decisions are more error prone while careful decisions take longer. Sequential sampling models assume that evidence for different response alternatives is accumulated over time and suggest that SAT modulates the decision system by setting a lower threshold (boundary) on required accumulated evidence to commit a response under time pressure. We investigated how such a speed accuracy tradeoff is implemented neurally under different levels of sensory evidence. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a face-house categorization task, we show that the later decision- and motor-related systems rather than the early sensory system are modulated by SAT. Source analysis revealed that the bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMAs) and the medial precuneus were more activated under the speed instruction and correlated negatively (right SMA) with the boundary parameter, where as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was more activated under the accuracy instruction and showed a positive correlation with the boundary. The findings are interpreted in the sense that SMA activity dynamically facilitates fast responses during stimulus processing, potentially by disinhibiting thalamo-striatal loops, whereas DLPFC reflects accumulated evidence before response execution. Copyright © 2011 the authors.",,Journal of Neuroscience,2011-01-26,Article,"Wenzlaff, Hermine;Bauer, Markus;Maess, Burkhard;Heekeren, Hauke R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649974170,10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.07.005,Mood and the speed of decisions about anticipated resources and hazards,"In addition to triggering appropriate physiological activity and behavioural responses, emotions and moods can have an important role in decision making. Anxiety, for example, arises in potentially dangerous situations and can bias people to judge many stimuli as more threatening. Here, we investigated the possibility that affective states may also influence the time taken to make such judgements. Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) mood inventory [Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol, 54 (1988) 1063-1070] and undertook a computer-based task in which they were required to decide whether ambiguous and unambiguous predictor stimuli heralded resources or hazards. While the two types of negative mood indicators measured by PANAS [high ""negative activation"" (high NA), a danger-oriented state such as anxiety, and low ""positive activation"" (low PA), a state related to loss or absence of opportunity, such as sadness] both biased decisions similarly towards expecting hazards and away from expecting resources, only individual variation in NA was associated with the speed at which these decisions were made. In particular, participants reporting higher NA showed a bias towards caution, being slower to decide that stimuli predicted hazards and not resources. These findings are discussed in terms of the ""Smoke Detector Principle"" in threat detection [Nesse, R.M. Natural selection and the regulation of defenses. A signal detection analysis of the smoke detector principle. Evol Hum Behav, 26 (2005) 88-105] and the potential value of speed-accuracy tradeoffs in the context of decision making in differing mood states, and the processes that might give rise to them. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Affective state | Anxiety | Decision making | Mood | Speed-accuracy tradeoffs,Evolution and Human Behavior,2011-01-01,Article,"Paul, Elizabeth S.;Cuthill, Innes;Kuroso, Go;Norton, Vicki;Woodgate, Joe;Mendl, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82955236155,10.3389/fnhum.2011.00048,Rational decision-making in inhibitory control,"An important aspect of cognitive flexibility is inhibitory control, the ability to dynamically modify or cancel planned actions in response to changes in the sensory environment or task demands. We formulate a probabilistic, rational decision-making framework for inhibitory control in the stop signal paradigm. Our model posits that subjects maintain a Bayes-optimal, continually updated representation of sensory inputs, and repeatedly assess the relative value of stopping and going on a fine temporal scale, in order to make an optimal decision on when and whether to go on each trial. We further posit that they implement this continual evaluation with respect to a global objective function capturing the various reward and penalties associated with different behavioral outcomes, such as speed and accuracy, or the relative costs of stop errors and go errors. We demonstrate that our rational decision-making model naturally gives rise to basic behavioral characteristics consistently observed for this paradigm, as well as more subtle effects due to contextual factors such as reward contingencies or motivational factors. Furthermore, we show that the classical race model can be seen as a computationally simpler, perhaps neurally plausible, approximation to optimal decision-making. This conceptual link allows us to predict how the parameters of the race model, such as the stopping latency, should change with task parameters and individual experiences/ability. © 2011 Shenoy and Yu.",Inhibitory control | Optimal decision-making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Stop signal task,Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2011-01-01,Article,"Shenoy, Pradeep;Yu, Angela J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921346031,,Effect of time pressure and task uncertainty on operator performance for UAV missions,"This paper presents the general requirements to build a ""cognitive system for decision support"", capable of simulating defensive and offensive cyber operations. We aim to identify the key processes that mediate interactions between defenders, adversaries and the public, focusing on cognitive and ontological factors. We describe a controlled experimental phase where the system performance is assessed on a multi-purpose environment, which is a critical step towards enhancing situational awareness in cyber warfare.",Cognitive architecture | Cyber security | Ontology,CEUR Workshop Proceedings,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Oltramari, Alessandro;Lebiere, Christian;Vizenor, Lowell;Zhu, Wen;Dipert, Randall",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939944165,10.1007/s00520-014-2526-3,Effects of time pressure on left-turn decisions of elderly drivers in a fixed-base driving simulator,"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between patients’ decision-making about fertility preservation (FP) and time between cancer diagnosis and FP consultation in young female cancer survivors. Methods: This is a pilot survey study of women aged 18–43 years seen for FP consultation between April 2009 and December 2010. Results: Among 52 women who completed the survey, 15 (29 %) had their FP consultation more than 2 weeks after their cancer diagnosis (late referral group) and 37 (71 %) were within 2 weeks of their cancer diagnosis (early referral group). In univariate analysis, the only difference between the late referral and early referral groups was a higher decisional conflict scale (DCS) in late referral group (p = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, late referral group was more likely to have high DCS (>35) compared to early referral group (odds ratio 4.8, 95 % confidence interval 1.5, 21.6) after adjusting for age, center, and type of cancer. Conclusion: Early referral to a fertility specialist can help patients make better decision about FP. This is the first study to suggest that early referral is important in patients’ decision-making process about FP treatment. Our finding supports the benefit of early referral in patients who are interested in FP which is consistent with prior studies about FP referral patterns.",Cancer | Decisional conflict | Fertility preservation | Referral,Supportive Care in Cancer,2015-06-01,Article,"Kim, Jayeon;Mersereau, Jennifer E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976406801,10.1108/BIJ-01-2014-0008,Roadside Reclamation Outside the Revegetation Season: Management Options under Schedule Pressure,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal sequential information acquisition process of a rational decision maker (DM) when allowed to acquire n pieces of information from a set of bi-dimensional products whose characteristics vary in a continuum set. Design/methodology/approach – The authors incorporate a heuristic mechanism that makes the n-observation scenario faced by a DM tractable. This heuristic allows the DM to assimilate substantial amounts of information and define an acquisition strategy within a coherent analytical framework. Numerical simulations are introduced to illustrate the main results obtained. Findings – The information acquisition behavior modeled in this paper corresponds to that of a perfectly rational DM, i.e. endowed with complete and transitive preferences, whose objective is to choose optimally among the products available subject to a heuristic assimilation constraint. The current paper opens the way for additional research on heuristic information acquisition and choice processes when considered from a satisficing perspective that accounts for cognitive limits in the information processing capacities of DMs. Originality/value – The proposed information acquisition algorithm does not allow for the use of standard dynamic programming techniques. That is, after each observation is gathered, a rational DM must modify his information acquisition strategy and recalculate his or her expected payoffs in terms of the observations already acquired and the information still to be gathered.",Competitive strategy | Decision support systems | Rationality | Sequential information acquisition | Utility theory,Benchmarking,2016-05-03,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899931277,10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.144,Factors contributing to consumers' adoption of electronic grocery shopping in Oman,We propose a formal approach to the problem of transforming uncertainty into risk via information revelation processes. Abstractions and formalizations regarding information acquisition processes are common in different areas of information sciences. We investigate the relationships between the way information is acquired and the continuity properties of revelation processes. A class of revelation processes whose continuity is characterized by how information is transmitted is introduced. This allows us to provide normative results regarding the continuity of the information acquisition processes of decision makers (DMs) and their ability to formulate probabilistic predictions within a given confidence range. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Continuity | Decision-making | Information acquisition | Time-pressure | Uncertainty,Information Sciences,2014-08-01,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449282600,10.1016/j.chb.2010.09.021,A quasi-experiment approach to study the effect of e-mail management training,"This study investigates the question as to whether e-mail management training can alleviate the problem of time pressure linked to inadequate use of e-mail. A quasi-experiment was devised and carried out in an organizational setting to test the effect of an e-mail training program on four variables, e-mail self-efficacy, e-mail-specific time management, perceived time control over e-mail use, and estimated time spent in e-mail. With 175 subjects in the experimental group, and 105 subjects in the control group, data were collected before and after the experiment. ANCOVA analysis of the data demonstrated possible amount of time saving with an e-mail management training program. In addition, better perceived time control over e-mail use was observed. Since the change of e-mail-specific time management behavior was not significant, but e-mail self-efficacy improved substantially, it suggested that the major mediating process for better perceived time control over e-mail use and less estimated time spent in e-mail was through improved e-mail self-efficacy rather than a change of e-mail-specific time-management behavior. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",E-mail management training | E-mail self-efficacy | Quasi-experiment | Time control | Time management | Time pressure,Computers in Human Behavior,2011-01-01,Article,"Huang, Eugenia Y.;Lin, Sheng Wei;Lin, Shu Chiung",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908007672,10.1111/jbl.12056,Uncertainties of construction negotiation: A preliminary study,"Retail supply chains must be responsive to consumer demand and flexible in adapting to changing consumer preferences. As a result, suppliers are often expected to deal with time pressure demands from retailers. While previous research demonstrates that time pressure can have longer term relational costs that reduce collaborative behaviors and overall relationship quality, this mixed-methods study goes further by accounting for attribution effects to explain why the time pressure occurs. Specifically, supplier perceptions for the reason of time pressure being within or beyond a retailer's control, rather than time pressure itself, appear to have a stronger effect on relational outcomes. By investigating time pressure through the lens of attribution theory, this research opens a new inquiry of research that moves away from examination of outcomes themselves (the ""what""), to examining ""why"" the outcome occurred.",Attribution theory | Behavioral vignette experiments | Retail supply chains | Supplier relationships | Time pressure,Journal of Business Logistics,2014-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Davis-Sramek, Beth;Esper, Terry L.;Murfield, Monique L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870969606,10.1177/0956797611418677,"The right side? under time pressure, approach motivation leads to right-oriented bias","Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in human-computer interaction (HCI) research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on prior research findings this study proposes that information selection of target information in emergency response applications can be improved by using supplementary cues. The research is motivated by cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel and associative processing. Color-coding and location-ordering are proposed as relevant cues that can improve ERS processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental ERS is developed users' performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with the best results obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and complexity increase.",Color | Emergency response systems | Information cues | Information selection | Interface design | Location | Task complexity | Time pressure,ICIS 2009 Proceedings - Thirtieth International Conference on Information Systems,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mcnab, Anna L.;Hess, Traci J.;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905982645,10.1109/SWS.2010.5607380,The influence of reasoning capacity and time pressure on the information search pattern of career decision making,"Decision makers often have to make decisions in high-pressure situations in which time is limited and competing alternatives are similar. However, research on how time-pressure influences decisions in an information system (IS) context is relatively limited. This study examines the influence of time-pressure on behavioural affect and cognitive effects using eye tracking technology in a behavioural experiment on a software acquisition task. Further, it explores the independent and interactive influence of justification requirement. Results indicate that time-pressure creates discomfort and limits the amount of time spent examining the available information, both in terms of the number of fixations (gazes at part of the screen) and the duration of those fixations. However, this does not mean that information was ignored. Instead, decision-makers under time-pressure actually examined more information under certain circumstances, i.e. the justification requirement seems to interact with time-pressure.",Decision strategy | Eye tracking | Justification | Software acquisition | Time-pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fehrenbacher, Dennis D.;Smith, Stephen",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649827945,10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.031,Basic impairments in regulating the speed-accuracy tradeoff predict symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,"Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by poor optimization of behavior in the face of changing demands. Theoretical accounts of ADHD have often focused on higher-order cognitive processes and typically assume that basic processes are unaffected. It is an open question whether this is indeed the case. Method We explored basic cognitive processing in 25 subjects with ADHD and 30 typically developing children and adolescents with a perceptual decision-making paradigm. We investigated whether individuals with ADHD were able to balance the speed and accuracy of decisions. Results We found impairments in the optimization of the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Furthermore, these impairments were directly related to the hyperactive and impulsive symptoms that characterize the ADHD-phenotype. Conclusions These data suggest that impairments in basic cognitive processing are central to the disorder. This calls into question conceptualizations of ADHD as a ""higher-order"" deficit, as such simple decision processes are at the core of almost every paradigm used in ADHD research. © 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry.",ADHD | drift-diffusion model | hyperactivity | optimization | perceptual decision-making | speed-accuracy tradeoff,Biological Psychiatry,2010-12-15,Article,"Mulder, Martijn J.;Bos, Dienke;Weusten, Juliette M.H.;Van Belle, Janna;Van Dijk, Sarai C.;Simen, Patrick;Van Engeland, Herman;Durston, Sarah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-51449098043,10.1109/HICSS.2008.51,Integrating work and a personal life: Aspects of time and stress management for senior women science faculty,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward) trigger psychological factors (i.e. distraction, motivation, and trust) and affect problem-solving virtual teams' ability to share information and develop high quality solutions. Results of a laboratory experiment on GSS-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing and solution quality in ridge regressions. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors in both ordinary least squares regression and ridge regression. © 2008 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2008-09-16,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650654745,10.1109/BMEI.2010.5639664,Cortical synchrony change under mental stress due to time pressure,"People nowadays are usually involved in computer work within a required time, in which the subjects are under time pressure (TP). It has been reported that TP can impact the autonomic neural regulation system and cognitive behavior during and after the commitment. However, there are few studies on the influence of TP on the cortical information processing. In this study, we designed an experiment with three sessions of computer-based tasks under different background to investigate how TP affect the cortical information processing pattern by large-scale cortical synchrony analysis of the multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Results showed that compared with task without TP, task under TP could only cause the decrease of inter-hemispheric cortical synchrony. Synchronization analysis of multichannel EEG provides a new insight into the effect of TP on the functional cortical connection of brain. ©2010 IEEE.",Computer-based task | Cortical synchrony | EEG | Time pressure,"Proceedings - 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, BMEI 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yang, Qi;Jiang, Dineng;Sun, Junfeng;Tong, Shanbao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749128405,10.1109/HICSS.2007.562,Reevaluating the concept of time pressure,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward) trigger psychological factors (i.e. distraction, motivation, and trust) and affect problem-solving virtual teams ' ability to share information and develop high quality solutions. Results of a laboratory experiment on GSS-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure while only trust, in turn, has a positive relationship with information sharing. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors. We also find evidence supporting that total information shared is positively associated with problem-solving outcomes in terms of the solution quality. © 2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885891711,10.1007/978-3-642-11743-5_5,Landmarks and time-pressure in virtual navigation: Towards designing gender-neutral virtual environments,"Male superiority in the field of spatial navigation has been reported upon, numerous times. Although there have been indications that men and women handle environmental navigation in different ways, with men preferring Euclidian navigation and women using mostly topographic techniques, we have found no reported links between those differences and the shortcomings of women on ground of ineffective environment design. We propose the enhancement of virtual environments with landmarks - a technique we hypothesize could aid the performance of women without impairing that of men. In addition we touch upon a novel side of spatial navigation, with the introduction of time-pressure in the virtual environment. Our experimental results show that women benefit tremendously from landmarks in un-stressed situations, while men only utilize them successfully when they are under time-pressure. Furthermore we report on the beneficial impact that time-pressure has on men in terms of performance while navigating in a virtual environment.© Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2010.",Gender | Landmarks | Navigation | Time-pressure | Virtual environments,"Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gavrielidou, Elena;Lamers, Maarten H.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649445836,10.1016/j.jretai.2010.07.011,Testing the negative effects of time pressure in retail supply chain relationships,"In today's rapidly evolving business environment, retailers must develop highly responsive supply chains in order to satisfy constantly changing market demands. One approach to achieving this objective is to leverage the capabilities of other supply chain members to achieve cycle time compression of key business activities. However, when viewed through the theoretical lenses of Social Exchange Theory and Reciprocity, a potential conflict exists between facilitating supply chain responsiveness and maintaining close retailer-supplier relationships. The purpose of this research is to quantitatively test how the imposition of time pressure affects key elements of retail supply chain relationships. Scenario based experimental methodology was utilized to test the effects of time pressure on two distinct types of retailer-supplier relationships. Results of this research offer evidence to support the notion that time pressure can reduce collaborative behaviors, relationship loyalty, and relationship value in critical retailer-supplier relationships. © 2010 New York University.",Experimentation | Retailer-supplier relationships | Supplier management | Supply chain management | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2010-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Esper, Terry L.;Stank, Theodore P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85008939346,10.1002/mar.20982,"Decision support interface for tsunami early warning in Indonesia - Dealing with information fusion, uncertainty, and time pressure","Despite their generally increasing use, the adoption of mobile shopping applications often differs across purchase contexts. In order to advance our understanding of smartphone-based mobile shopping acceptance, this study integrates and extends existing approaches from technology acceptance literature by examining two previously underexplored aspects. First, the study examines the impact of different mobile and personal benefits (instant connectivity, contextual value, and hedonic motivation), customer characteristics (habit), and risk facets (financial, performance, and security risk) as antecedents of mobile shopping acceptance. Second, it is assumed that several acceptance drivers differ in relevance subject to the perception of three mobile shopping characteristics (location sensitivity, time criticality, and extent of control), while other drivers are assumed to matter independent of the context. Based on a dataset of 410 smartphone shoppers, empirical results demonstrate that several acceptance predictors are associated with ease of use and usefulness, which in turn affect intentional and behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, the extent to which risks and benefits impact ease of use and usefulness is influenced by the three contextual characteristics. From a managerial perspective, results show which factors to consider in the development of mobile shopping applications and in which different application contexts they matter.",,Psychology and Marketing,2017-02-01,Article,"Hubert, Marco;Blut, Markus;Brock, Christian;Backhaus, Christof;Eberhardt, Tim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870350385,10.1145/1030397.1030426,Decision making under time pressure in regard to preferred cognitive style (Analytical-Intuitive) and study orientation,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward), trust, and motivation affect shared leadership in virtual teams. In addition, we explore the relationship between shared leadership and information sharing effectiveness in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on collaboration technology-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher shared leadership under time pressure, and both motivation and trust promote shared leadership. We also find that shared leadership facilitates information sharing in these teams. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors in both ordinary least squares regression and ridge regression. © (2009) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.",Collaborative technology skill | Distraction | Motivation | Ridge regression | Shared leadership | Trust | Virtual team,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976447878,10.1177/1094670516630624,Detection of time-pressure induced stress in speech via acoustic indicators,"This article focuses on the locus of recovery (LOR) when failures occur in coproduced services. LOR refers to who contributes to the recovery. Based on the LOR effort, recovery can be classified into three types: firm recovery, joint recovery, and customer recovery. The authors develop a conceptual framework to examine the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of LOR and test the framework using three experiments. They find that the positive effect of customers’ self-efficacy on their expectancy to participate in recovery is stronger when they blame themselves for the failure than when they blame the service provider. Joint recovery is most effective in generating favorable service outcomes of satisfaction with recovery and intention for future coproduction. Furthermore, recovery urgency strengthens the effect of LOR; however, when a customer’s preferred recovery strategy is offered, such matching offsets the impact of recovery urgency. Our findings suggest several managerial implications for devising recovery strategies for service failures. Although having customers do the recovery may appear to be cost-effective, when customers are under time pressure, pushing them toward customer recovery against their preferences is likely to backfire. If a firm’s only available option is customer recovery, they should consider increasing customers’ sense of autonomy under resource constraints by aligning available recovery options with customer preferences. In contrast, joint recovery can be a win-win strategy—the customer is satisfied and the firm uses only moderate resources. It is also a more robust strategy that works particularly well under resource constraints and regardless of preference matching.",attribution of failure | cocreation | coproduction | customer participation | locus of recovery | recovery urgency | self-efficacy | service recovery,Journal of Service Research,2016-08-01,Article,"Dong, Beibei;Sivakumar, K.;Evans, Kenneth R.;Zou, Shaoming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053471749,10.1109/59.260890,The influence of workload factors on flight crew fatigue,"E-government presents great opportunities for governments around the globe to reform their public services. Yet, it can potentially risk wasting resources by failing to deliver promises of improved services and further frustrating the general public with government. In order to make correct decision in IT investment, governments have to find appropriate entry points to execute their business strategy; and the appropriate processes to select and implement suitable IT projects within realistic time and budget. This paper used a lens model approach to first devise a framework for examining the effects of entry points on the organizational scanning processes in support of formulating the right IT strategies and creating a realistic outlook of IT investment; and then to apply the framework for analyzing three cases. The findings indicate that entry points which only emphasized quick deployment of IT were mostly likely to limit the needed scanning processes, and resulted in project overruns. Whereas entry points which emphasized on internal capacity building for learning and knowledge transfer, and/or creation of an enabling environment for strategic partnership were mostly likely to intensify the scanning processes which further enhanced the chances of success for IT investment.",Entry points | Lens model | Scanning,"9th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: I.T. and Value Creation, PACIS 2005",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kuk, George",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857986530,10.1109/HICSS.2012.593,IT-enabled knowledge management in healthcare delivery: The case of emergency care,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether time pressure and cultural diversity influence psychological factors (i.e. motivation, and trust) in virtual teams. We also examine if the psychological factors shape information sharing in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing. We also find that national cultural diversity has negative relationship with information sharing. However, information sharing is found to be unrelated to solution quality. Additional statistical analyses demonstrate that sharing of process information is positively related to solution quality. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paul, Souren;He, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870960526,10.1016/j.compedu.2005.09.001,Enabling agility through routinized improvisation in it deployment: The case of chang chun petrochemicals,"Although the organizational capability for agility in IT deployment is crucial to the attainment of enterprise agility, there is scant research on how the capability may be nurtured and leveraged to this end. As improvisation may be an important mechanism for attaining agility in IT deployment, we apply the literature on organizational improvisation to analyze the case of Chang Chun Petrochemicals, one of the largest privately-owned petrochemical firms in Taiwan with a storied history for agile IT deployment. In doing so, a process model is inductively derived that sheds light on how the organizational capability for improvisation in IT deployment can be developed, leveraged for enterprise agility, and routinized for repeated application. With its findings, this study contributes to the knowledge on agile IT deployment and the broader concept of IT-enabled enterprise agility, and provides a useful reference for practitioners who face resource constraints or time pressures in IT deployment.",Case study | Enterprise agility | It deployment | Routinized improvisation,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Tan, Barney;Pan, Shan L.;Chou, Tzu Chuan;Huang, Ju Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751695012,10.1109/IEEM.2010.5675609,Regulatory focus and recovery fit in airline overbooking,"Improper recovery of overbooked customers may lead to severe results. However the research on the recovery strategy in overbooking area is very insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to develop a recovery strategy based on regulatory focus theory. The study predicts that recovery fit can lead to improved customer satisfaction. Using situationally induced regulatory focus experimental design, the results show that customers under time pressure prefer preventing losses, whereas time enough customers concern more about achieving gains. The current recovery practices can be classified into promotion versus prevention orientation. A fit in recovery practices and customers regulatory orientations may bring higher satisfaction for customers than those who are not fit their regulatory orientation. The results may help airline companies make better recovery strategies. ©2010 IEEE.",Overbooking | Regulatory focus | Service recovery,IEEM2010 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, Xiang;Wang, Peng;Wang, Yuehui;Wang, Guoxin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930160226,10.1016/j.ins.2015.05.011,Skill-based differences in the cognitive mechanisms underlying failure under stress,"We consider the problem of a decision maker (DM) who must choose among a set of alternatives offered by different information senders (ISs). Each alternative is characterized by finitely many characteristics. We assume that the DM and the ISs have their own perception of the available alternatives. These perceptions are reflected by the evaluations provided for the characteristics of the alternatives and the order of importance assigned to the characteristics. Due to these subjective components, the DM may not envision the exact alternative that an IS describes, even when a complete description of the alternative is provided. These subjective biases are common in the literature analyzing the effect of framing on the behavior of the DMs. This paper provides a normative setting illustrating how the DMs should consider these differences in perception when interacting with other DMs. We design an evaluation criterion that allows the DM to generate a reliability ranking on the set of ISs and, hence, to quantify the likelihood of choosing any alternative. This ranking is based on the existing differences between the preference order of the DM and those of the ISs. Our results constitute a novel approach to choice and search under uncertainty that enhances the findings of the expected utility literature. We provide several examples to demonstrate the applicability of the method proposed and exhibit the efficacy of the ranking criterion designed.",Decision analysis | Expected utility | Multi-attribute alternative | Ordinal ranking | Subjective description | Subjective perception,Information Sciences,2015-10-01,Article,"Tavana, Madjid;Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861069852,10.1109/CRIWG.2000.885153,Excavation health and safety (H&S): A South African perspective,"A range of H&S hazards exist relative to excavations. Furthermore, excavations occur in the elements and are exposed to a range of non-activity influences such as passing vehicles. Excavations also impact on the stability of adjacent structures and buildings, and temporary plant. International research indicates the primary barriers to excavation H&S to be: casual attitude; failure to provide trench protection; lack of daily inspections by competent persons; lack of training; inadequate enforcement, and costs. The paper reports on a study conducted among excavation H&S seminar delegates using a structured questionnaire. Selected findings include: barricading is ranked first in terms of the frequency interventions are undertaken relative to excavations, and scientific design of shoring last; relative to excavations the South African construction industry is rated below average relative to geo-technical reports, training, education, design of shoring, and culture; the South African construction industry is rated marginally below average in terms of excavation H&S, time pressure predominates in terms of barriers to excavation H&S; excavation H&S requires a multi-stakeholder effort, and excavation H&S training predominates in terms of the extent interventions could contribute to an improvement in excavation H&S. Conclusions include: a scientific approach is not adopted relative to excavation H&S; a multi-stakeholder effort is required, and education and training is a pre-requisite for improving excavation H&S.",Excavations | Health and safety,"Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2010 - Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Smallwood, John J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861039850,10.3102/0013189X032001009,Relation between the change of pupil diameter and the mental workload,"This study aims to develop a physiological information system for monitoring human reliability in man-machine systems. The mental state of a worker, such as autonomic nervous activity, is evaluated using pupil diameter. In this study, two kinds of experiments are carried out. The former experiment is to investigate the relation between the change of pupil diameter and time pressure. On the other hand, it is investigated that the relation between the change of pupil diameter and resource pressure in the latter experiment. As well, in this experiment the Event- Related Potentials (ERP) obtained from electroencephalogram (EEG) as a quantitative index are measured to evaluate mental workload. It was found that (1) measurement of pupil diameter is an effective indicator of autonomic nervous activity, (2) based on the results of electroencephalogram, the amplitude of event-related potentials are dependent on mental workload. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.",,Ergonomic Trends from the East - Proceedings of Ergomic Trends from the East,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yamanaka, Kimihiro;Kawakami, Mitsuyuki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907009779,10.3233/IFS-141120,The use of methods by advanced beginner and expert industrial designers in non-routine situations: A quasi-experiment,"The purpose of evidence inference is to judge truth values of the environment states under uncertain observations. This has been modeled as mathematical problems, using Bayesian inference, Dempster-Shafer theory, etc. After formalizing judgment processes in evidence inference, we found that the judgment process under uncertainty can be modeled as a Bayesian game of subjective belief and objective evidence. Another, the rational judgment involves a perfect Nash equilibrium. Evidence equilibrium is the Nash equilibrium in judgment processes. It helps us to maximize the possibility to avoid bias, and minimize the requirement for evidence. This will be helpful for the dynamic analysis of uncertain data. In this paper, we provide an Expected k-Conviction (EkC) algorithm for the dynamic data analysis based on evidence equilibrium. The algorithm uses dynamic evidence election and combination to resolve the estimation of uncertainty with time constraint. Our experimental results demonstrate that the EkC algorithm has better efficiency compared with the static evidence combination approach, which will benefit realtime decision making and data fusion under uncertainty.",Bayesian game | data fusion | Dempster-Shafer | Nash equilibrium,Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Lin, Yong;Xu, Jiaqing;Makedon, Fillia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85162019288,,Inference and communication in the game of Password,"Communication between a speaker and hearer will be most efficient when both parties make accurate inferences about the other. We study inference and communication in a television game called Password, where speakers must convey secret words to hearers by providing one-word clues. Our working hypothesis is that human communication is relatively efficient, and we use game show data to examine three predictions. First, we predict that speakers and hearers are both considerate, and that both take the other's perspective into account. Second, we predict that speakers and hearers are calibrated, and that both make accurate assumptions about the strategy used by the other. Finally, we predict that speakers and hearers are collaborative, and that they tend to share the cognitive burden of communication equally. We find evidence in support of all three predictions, and demonstrate in addition that efficient communication tends to break down when speakers and hearers are placed under time pressure.",,"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 23: 24th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2010, NIPS 2010",2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yang;Kemp, Charles",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84948707055,10.1504/IJCAET.2016.073264,Achieving sustainable incident-free operations through managing the human factor: A success story of applying e-colors,"Since driving in haste influences traffic safety negatively, we try to identify its indicators automatically. At studying driving in haste in a driving simulator, the major issue is how to reproduce it and how to keep drivers in this state. We assumed that it could be replicated by driving under time pressure. Unfortunately, the literature did not discuss how to apply time pressure in the above context. Therefore, we applied time shortage in combination with various forms of motivation (competition, reward, etc.) as a replacement in a driving simulator. The effects of the different motivations were evaluated and compared in various laboratory settings. Our observation was that the applied forms of motivation did not result in significant difference. We concluded that the novelty of being in a driving simulator and imposing time shortage on task execution could jointly create a kind of haste situation, but it cannot be heavily influenced by the tested motivations.",Being in a hurry | Driver behaviour | Haste | Motivation | Time constraint | Time pressure,International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Rendón-Vélez, Elizabeth;Horváth, Imre;Van Der Vegte, Wilhelm Frederik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651515636,10.1109/THS.2010.5655051,Weighing decisions: Aiding emergency response decision making via option awareness,"Emergency response is an especially challenging domain for decision support, as often high-impact decisions must be made quickly, usually under high levels of uncertainty about the situation. The level of uncertainty and the time pressure require a new approach to using modelbased decision support tools during ongoing emergency events. This paper discusses the latest in a series of experiments examining the use of a decision-space visualization helping users identify the most robust options in response to complex emergency scenarios. The results provide additional insight into the value of decision-space information and option awareness for users working in complex, emerging, and uncertain task environments. © 2010 IEEE.",Decision support | Information visualization | Modeling and simulation | Option awareness,"2010 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security, HST 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Pfaff, Mark S.;Drury, Jill L.;Klein, Gary L.;More, Loretta;Moon, Sung Pil;Liu, Yikun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,Investigating the emotional context of pediatric critical care telemedicine consultations,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995770387,,Defect identification using TNAH: An exploration,"There is a critical need to better understand the nuances of decision making in today's global business environment. The quality of decisions is importantly influenced by the personality traits and knowledge of the decision makers. We analyze the effect of those factors on confidence and quality of decisions taken in the context of supply chain management. Personality traits are defined through the Big Five personality traits model which has recently gained widespread reception. The data was gathered via an experiment in which a group of participants played an online supply chain simulation game where several decisions needed to be made during a span of one week. The results show that confidence in decision positively affects decision quality. Neuroticism and agreeableness negatively affect confidence in decision, while self-reported knowledge positively affects confidence in decision. Further work includes running more experiments in order to gain more data for verification of results and testing of additional hypotheses which could not be tested on the current data sample.",Behavioral experiment | Decision confidence | Decision making | Decision quality | Objective knowledge | Personality traits | Self-reported knowledge | Supply chain management,"24th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Erjavec, Jure;Zaheer Khan, Nadia;Trkman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952931939,10.1518/107118110X12829370089443,Team performance and adaptability in crisis management: A comparison of cross-functional and functional teams,"Crisis management (CM) is a facet of command and control (C2) characterized by complexity and uncertainty, in addition to high time pressure. In order to meet the challenges of this kind of unpredictable crisis situations, teams must be able to adapt and coordinate in an effective way. The functional structure (i.e., each team member is allocated a unique functional role) is the most common in CM, but it is not necessarily the most efficient one. Structures that encourage independence and flexibility, like the cross-functional structure (i.e., team functions are shared across all team members), could promote much better performance in this kind of situations. We compared these two structures, functional and cross-functional, in a dynamic situation of CM. C3 Fire, a forest firefighting simulation, was used to compare team structure on the basis of performance (process gain), communication, coordination and adaptability. Cross-functional team structures presented a better process gain, a more efficient coordination, and less communication. Surprisingly, no differences were seen regarding adaptability. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dubé, Geneviève;Tremblay, Sébastien;Banbury, Simon;Rousseau, Vincent",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958700338,,The assessment of the incomplete linguistic preference relations on the choosing multimedia teaching tools,"Because of the flourishing on computer network and information technology, the teaching model has changed from traditional methods and materials to computer assisted. Through the lively multimedia presentation and a variety of functions, the multimedia teaching tools reinforce the effect on learning to achieve effectiveness of teaching more with less. Whether the learning mechanism which use of a large number of multimedia teaching tools can make learners to achieve barrier-free, zero-stress state of the most effective learning? This study proposed building a model by means of ""Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations"" theory (InlinPreRa), when educators choose a number of multimedia teaching tools; they not only can predict the best choice based on the object standards amongst multiple criteria and alternatives, but can avoid making rough decisions because of time pressure, lacking of complete information or professional knowledge.",Decision making | InlinPreRa | Multi-criteria Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations | Multimedia teaching tools,International Conference on Applied Computer Science - Proceedings,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Peng, Shu Chen;Wu, Chao Yen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952946006,10.1518/107118110X12829369832809,"Integrating systems theory, cognitive systems engineering and psychophysiology in performance analysis","Based on research in the emergency management and military domains this paper reports on research and development of theories, methods and tools for modeling, analysis and assessment of performance in precarious time-critical situations and missions. We describe case studies, field studies, and experiments using a combined systems theory, Cognitive Systems Engineering and psychophysiology framework. We performed identification, modeling, and synthesis of Joint Tactical Cognitive Systems, and their inherent command, control, and intelligence activities. The dynamics of tactical missions are of a specific nature, and determined and forward exploitation and control of these real-time, safety-critical operational dynamics are vital for success in a wartime or disaster scenario. We found significant relations between workload, time pressure, catecholamine levels in saliva samples, and cognitive complexity. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Norlander, Arne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011422904,10.1016/j.im.2017.01.006,Achievement goal theory: A framework for implementing group work and open-ended problem solving,"We developed an experimental decision support system (DSS) that enabled us to manipulate DSS performance feedback and response time, measure task motivation and DSS motivation, track the usage of the DSS, and obtain essential information for assessing decision performance through conjoint analysis. The results suggest the mediating role of DSS use in the relationship between DSS motivation and decision performance. Further, DSS motivation is highest in the presence of high task motivation, more positive DSS performance feedback, and fast DSS response time. The findings have important implications for both DSS research and practice.",Decision performance | DSS motivation | DSS performance feedback | DSS response time | DSS use | Task motivation,Information and Management,2017-11-01,Article,"Chan, Siew H.;Song, Qian;Sarker, Saonee;Plumlee, R. David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052718105,10.4324/9781315276298,Control of train traffic and management of safety during a major railroad construction project [Rautateiden liikenteenohjaus ratatöiden aikana ja ratatöiden hallinta],"In recent years, large railroad work projects have been started in Finland to upgrade the capacity of line sections. The control of train traffic is a critical function when managing safe and efficient use of the track during extensive railroad work. Train traffic control centres are complex dynamic work environments with many interactions between parties including railroad contractors, stations, and train drivers. The objective of this study was twofold: first, to understand the cognitive demands of the train traffic controller's task during railroad construction work, and second, to evaluate the prerequisites established by the organizations to perform the task safely. In 2009, the first part of the study focused on the train traffic controller's task. In 2010, the challenging task of managing safe and efficient use of the track and performing the railroad work safely and on time was studied from the constructors' point of view. An empirical study and data collection on the task of train traffic controllers were conducted in the Eastern Finland Traffic Control Centre. The cognitive task analysis (CTA) and analysis of situation awareness (SA) requirements were conducted to elicit the cognitive demands placed on the controllers during their work. A total of six train traffic controllers, three novices and three experts, participated in the field study. Twenty-five others, representing regulators, supervisors, planning engineers, project leaders, project controllers, builders, and construction workers were also interviewed. Several methods were used for data collection: video recording, think-aloud sessions with videos and photographs, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and site visits. There were several demanding elements in the controller's tasks: continuous anticipation of future situations, time pressure in decision making based on uncertain information, heavy working memory load, heavy communication and coordination demands sometimes involving more than ten construction work teams, unexpected changes in track usage, various disturbances, difficulties complying with all the recently changed regulations and work instructions in dynamic situations. The controllers had developed their own strategies for facing multiple demands, especially during rush hours. In an extensive railroad project there are many contracts and contractors, each having tight schedules. Critical difficulties have arisen especially from design documents being delayed or imperfect. More explicitness was desired for managing multi-contract railroad work. Regular project meetings that all parties participate in have been found absolutely the most effective in promoting both occupational and train traffic safety in extensive projects. Due to the high task demands and changes in organizations, various development targets were identified from organizational functions. For example, contractor management and the practices of issuing work instructions should be developed to better support the traffic controllers' work. On the other hand, organizations had initiated several developmental programmes to offer better support. In the management of railroad work contractors, new safety training and requirements were introduced. Systematic risk assessment and management were trained and implemented into railroad work processes. Co-operative coordination and information sharing forums were developed for better work management between the traffic controllers and contractors. Still, both the quality and accuracy of timing in design work need improvement. The interrelationships between concurrent tasks contracted out should be better managed to facilitate assessing whether the track is in condition for full practice or whether traffic restrictions are required. It is also recommended that evaluation be continued on the safety management systems and safety cultures of all organizations taking part in creating the prerequisites to perform railroad construction work safely. It is important to understand how different organizational support functions should be developed in order to ensure safe work. Copyright © VTT 2010.",,VTT Tiedotteita - Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus,2010-12-01,Article,"Haavisto, Marja Leena;Ruuhilehto, Kaarin;Oedewald, Pia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Work-life balance among architects,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751686099,10.1109/IEEM.2010.5674160,Safety management problems encountered by industrial service providers,"Companies operating in the industrial sector are increasingly outsourcing some of their operations to provider companies. Outsourcing involves external workforces and workplaces and forms new kinds of work communities with complex relationships between different performers. The new operating environment introduces safety problems, which are particularly difficult to manage for providers that commonly operate with several customers in varying worksites. This paper discusses the results of a literature review focusing on the safety management problems encountered by industrial service providers. The factors most commonly mentioned as problems for service providers in management of safety are ignoring tendering systems, divergences in customers and worksites, time pressures, poor resource available for implementation of safety measures, unclear responsibilities, dangerous work tasks, inadequate communication, and insufficiencies in hazard identification. Even though several problems have been identified, the practical means presented to improve safety by the provider companies are still exiguous. ©2010 IEEE.",Industry | Outsourcing | Safety management | Service provider | Shared workplace,IEEM2010 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nenonen, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649442102,10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.003,Preparing meals under time stress. The experience of working mothers,"The present study quantitatively explored the effects of mothers' perceived time pressure, as well as meal-related variables including mothers' convenience orientation and meal preparation confidence, on the healthiness of evening meals served to school-aged children (5-18 years old) over a 7-day period. A sample of 120 employed mothers, who identified themselves as the chief meal-preparers in their households, completed a brief, self-report, meal-related questionnaire. Results revealed that mothers' perceived time pressure did not significantly predict meal healthiness. Mothers' confidence in their ability to prepare a healthy meal was the only unique, significant predictor of a healthy evening meal. Mothers who were more confident in their ability to prepare a healthy meal served healthier evening meals than those who were less confident. In addition, mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation were negatively related to healthy meal preparation confidence. Results suggest that mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation, may indirectly compromise meal healthiness, by decreasing mothers' meal preparation confidence. Practical and theoretical implications of the study's findings are discussed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.",Children's diets | Convenience orientation | Employed mothers | Healthy meals | Meal preparation confidence | Obesity | Time pressure,Appetite,2010-12-01,Article,"Beshara, Monica;Hutchinson, Amanda;Wilson, Carlene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79951824843,10.1109/ICDMA.2010.42,A robust design method for fluid line disppensing,"In industry the line dispensing system has been widely used to squeeze the adhesive fluid in a syringe onto boards or substrates with the pressurized air. For consistent dispensing, it is vital to have a robust dispensing system insensitive to operation condition variation. To address this issue, much research effort has been done. However, a systematic design approach to determine an optimal operation condition for line dispensing is not available. This paper presents such a method by means of robust design. In particular, all kinds of the quantities involved in the dispensing task is classified in the framework of model-based robust design. By this approach, a robust design method for line dispensing can be developed. The results show that line dispensing performance robustness can be improved by choosing the appropriate system parameters. Simulations performed thereafter validate the effectiveness of the method. © 2010 IEEE.",Line dispensing | Robust design | Time-pressure dispensing,"Proceedings - 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation, ICDMA 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Yi Xiang;Chen, Xin Du",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1007/978-3-540-78431-9_8,Work stress of teachers from primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong,"Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928610208,10.1080/00140139.2010.532882,Development and validation of a self-report measure of bus driver behaviour,"This study provides insight into the inconsistent findings on the impact of task complexity on performance by identifying the mediating role of task motivation in the effect of task complexity on DSS motivation and the interactive impact of DSS motivation and DSS use on performance. A research model is proposed to test the mediating and interaction hypotheses. One hundred participants use an experimental DSS application designed for the purpose of this study to complete a rating and selection task. Participants are randomly assigned to a high or low task motivation condition and a high or low task complexity condition. The DSS measures incorporates the accurate additive difference compensatory decision strategy, cognitive effort associated with use of this effortful strategy is attenuated. The partial mediating effect suggests that enhanced task motivation explains the positive effect of task complexity on DSS motivation. In addition, the results reveal that increased DSS use and enhanced DSS motivation lead to improved performance. The results have important implications for DSS research and practice.",DSS motivation | DSS use | Performance | Task complexity | Task motivation,"Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Chan, Siew H.;Song, Qian;Yao, Lee J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85025803552,10.1109/SEmotion.2017.11,Color stereolithography based on time-pressure dispensing process,"During the past few years, psychological diseases related to unhealthy work environments, such as burnouts, have drawn more and more public attention. One of the known causes of these affective problems is time pressure. In order to form a theoretical background for time pressure detection in software repositories, this paper combines interdisciplinary knowledge by analyzing 1270 papers found on Scopus database and containing terms related to time pressure. By clustering those papers based on their abstract, we show that time pressure has been widely studied across different fields, but relatively little in software engineering. From a literature review of the most relevant papers, we infer a list of testable hypotheses that we want to verify in future studies in order to assess the impact of time pressures on software developers' mental health.",deadline pressure | Job demands-resources model | Software engineering | speed-accuracy tradeoff | time pressure | topic analysis,"Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering, SEmotion 2017",2017-06-28,Conference Paper,"Kuutila, Miikka;Mantyla, Mika V.;Claes, Maelick;Elovainio, Marko",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Computer-mediated communication and time pressure induce higher cardiovascular responses in the preparatory and execution phases of cooperative tasks [La comunicación mediada por ordenador y la presión temporal inducen mayores respuestas cardiovasculares durante la preparación y la ejecución de tareas cooperativas.],"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78149258783,10.1145/1852786.1852804,Transition from a plan-driven process to Scrum - A longitudinal case study on software quality,"Although Scrum is an important topic in software engineering and information systems, few longitudinal industrial studies have investigated the effects of Scrum on software quality, in terms of defects and defect density, and the quality assurance process. In this paper we report on a longitudinal study in which we have followed a project over a three-year period. We compared software quality assurance processes and software defects of the project between a 17-month phase with a plan-driven process, followed by a 20-month phase with Scrum. The results of the study did not show a significant reduction of defect densities or changes of defect profiles after Scrum was used. However, the iterative nature of Scrum resulted in constant system and acceptance testing and related defect fixing, which made the development process more efficient in terms of fewer surprises and better control of software quality and release date. In addition, software quality and knowledge sharing got more focus when using Scrum. However, Scrum put more stress and time pressure on the developers, and made them reluctant to perform certain tasks for later maintenance, such as refactoring. © 2010 ACM.",agile software development | empirical software engineering | software quality,ESEM 2010 - Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2010-11-12,Conference Paper,"Li, Jingyue;Moe, Nils B.;Dybå, Tore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349297179,10.1509/jmkg.74.6.94,A note on automated time-temperature and time-pressure shifting,"Marketing planners often use geographical information systems (GISs) to help identify suitable retail locations, regionally distribute advertising campaigns, and target direct marketing activities. Geographical information systems thematic maps facilitate the visual assessment of map regions. A broad set of alternative symbolizations, such as circles, bars, or shading, can be used to visually represent quantitative geospatial data on such maps. However, there is little knowledge on which kind of symbolization is the most adequate in which problem situation. In a large-scale experimental study, the authors show that the type of symbolization strongly influences decision performance. The findings indicate that graduated circles are appropriate symbolizations for geographical information systems thematic maps, and their successful utilization seems to be virtually Independent of personal characteristics, such as spatial ability and map experience. This makes circle symbolizations particularly suitable for effective decision making and cross-functional communication. © 2010, American Marketing Association.",Cartograms | Data visualization | Geographical information systems thematic maps | Spatial marketing decisions | Symbolization,Journal of Marketing,2010-11-01,Article,"Ozimec, Ana Marija;Natter, Martin;Reutterer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956175949,10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.04.005,Interactive effects of nurse-experienced time pressure and burnout on patient safety: A cross-sectional survey,"Background: Global nursing shortages have exacerbated time pressure and burnout among nurses. Despite the well-established correlation between burnout and patient safety, no studies have addressed how time pressure among nurses and patient safety are related and whether burnout moderates such a relation. Objectives: This study investigated how time pressure and the interaction of time pressure and nursing burnout affect patient safety. Design-setting participants: This cross-sectional study surveyed 458 nurses in 90 units of two medical centres in northern Taiwan. Methods: Nursing burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Scale. Patient safety was inversely measured by six items on frequency of adverse events. Time pressure was measured by five items. Regressions were used for the analysis. Results: While the results of regression analyses suggest that time pressure did not significantly affect patient safety (β=-.01, p>.05), time pressure and burnout had an interactive effect on patient safety (β=-.08, p<.05). Specifically, for nurses with high burnout (n=223), time pressure was negatively related to patient safety (β=-.10, p<.05). Conclusion: Time pressure adversely affected patient safety for nurses with a high level of burnout, but not for nurses with a low level of burnout. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.",Burnout | Hospital nurse | Interactive effects | Patient safety | Time pressure,International Journal of Nursing Studies,2010-11-01,Article,"Teng, Ching I.;Shyu, Yea Ing Lotus;Chiou, Wen Ko;Fan, Hsiao Chi;Lam, Si Man",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955065455,10.1145/1869397.1869402,CORALS: A real-time planner for anti-air defense operations,"Forces involved in modern conflicts may be exposed to a variety of threats, including coordinated raids of advanced ballistic and cruise missiles. To respond to these, a defending force will rely on a set of combat resources. Determining an efficient allocation and coordinated use of these resources, particularly in the case of multiple simultaneous attacks, is a very complex decision-making process in which a huge amount of data must be dealt with under uncertainty and time pressure. This article presents CORALS (COmbat Resource ALlocation Support), a real-time planner developed to support the command team of a naval force defending against multiple simultaneous threats. In response to such multiple threats, CORALS uses a local planner to generate a set of local plans, one for each threat considered apart, and then combines and coordinates them into a single optimized, conflict-free global plan. The coordination is performed through an iterative process of plan merging and conflict detection and resolution, which acts as a plan repair mechanism. Such an incremental plan repair approach also allows adapting previously generated plans to account for dynamic changes in the tactical situation. © 2010 ACM.",Anti-air defense operations | Decision support | Planning,ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology,2010-11-01,Article,"Benaskeur, Abder Rezak;Kabanza, Froduald;Beaudry, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958543649,10.1089/lap.2012.0150,Evaluate the performance of cardholders' repayment behaviors using artificial neural networks and data envelopment analysis,"In face of intense competitions and time pressure, card issuers need to not only engage in long-term credit relationship management but also evade potential risks of default in time. Since the databases that banks use for analysis of cardholders' payment behaviors is usually large and complicated, and the extant classification techniques do not offer high classification accuracy, prediction of cardholders' future payment behavior remains a difficult task in the present. Accordingly, most banks do not launch debt collection operations until occurrence of default and thus need to bear an unnecessary waste of costs. This paper attempts to construct a two-stage cardholder behavioral scoring model. Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are first applied to construct the first-stage classification models. By comparing the overall classification accuracy rate the optimal customer classification model is obtained. Later, the important variables selected by the classification model are used as the input and output variables in the second-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA). We then feed back the derived efficiency values to the classification model to verify its previously classified results. Unlike most literatures of DEA which focus on evaluation of overall management performance, we initiatively apply DEA to evaluation of individual behavior scoring to help banks reduce the cost of potential misclassification of customers. For inefficient customers, we can also provide directions on improvement of individual customers to further increase their efficiency and contribution.","Artificial neural networks (ANNs) | Behavioral scoring, data mining | Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) | Data envelopment analysis (DEA)","Proceeding - 6th International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management, NCM 2010",2010-11-01,Conference Paper,"I-Fei, Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958135083,,"Essence and meaning of the category ""economic time pressure"" in the system of innovative-investment development of business subjects","The article offers a definition of the category ""economic time pressure"" and classifies kinds of economic time pressure; the influence of economic time pressure upon the enterprise performance is analyzed; methodics for the analysis and neutralization of the economic time pressure influence upon enterprise activities is carried out.",Economic time pressure | Innovative-investment development | The enterprise performance results,Actual Problems of Economics,2010-10-27,Article,"Turylo, A. M.;Zinchenko, O. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957949056,10.1145/1841853.1841889,Retrospective analysis of cross-culture communication,"We report a study using retrospective analysis to understand American and Chinese participants' feelings and reactions on a moment-by-moment basis during an interaction. Participants talked about a fictional crime story together and then individually watched and reflected on an audio-video recording of the interaction. A grounded theory analysis of participants' reflections suggested five key themes: fluency, nonverbal behavioral cues, time pressure, conversational dominance, and attributions for team performance. Copyright 2010 ACM.",CMC | Cross-culture communication | Retrospective analysis,"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Intercultural Collaboration, ICIC '10",2010-10-21,Conference Paper,"Nguyen, Duyen;Fussell, Susan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82255191277,10.1177/0022002711414370,"Does intense time pressure at work make older employees more vulnerable? A statistical analysis based on a French survey ""SVP50""","This article explores the impact of time pressure on negotiation processes in territorial conflicts in the post-cold war era. While it is often argued that time pressure can help generate positive momentum in peace negotiations and help break deadlocks, extensive literature also suggests that perceived time shortage can have a negative impact on the cognitive processes involved in complex, intercultural negotiations. The analysis explores these hypotheses through a comparison of sixty-eight episodes of negotiation using fuzzy-set logic, a form of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The conclusions confirm that time pressure can, in certain circumstances, be associated with broad agreements but also that only low levels of time pressure or its absence are associated with durable settlements. The analysis also suggests that the negative effect of time pressure on negotiations is particularly relevant in the presence of complex decision making and when a broad range of debated issues is at stake. © The Author(s) 2011.",deadlines | peace processes | summits | time pressure,Journal of Conflict Resolution,2011-10-01,Article,"Pinfari, Marco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013460066,10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00092-5,Organizational innovation climate and creative outcomes: Exploring the moderating effect of time pressure,"The effect of user involvement on system success is an important topic yet empirical results have been controversial. Many methodological and theoretical differences among prior studies have been suggested as possible causes for inconsistent findings. This research is an attempt to resolve inconsistent data despite differences that may exist in prior studies. Data from 25 studies were meta-analyzed to test the separate effects of user participation and user involvement on six system success variables. Results showed that user participation had a moderate positive correlation with four success measures: system quality, use, user satisfaction, and organizational impact. The correlation between user participation and individual impact was minimum. User involvement generally had a larger correlation with system success than did user participation. Overall, these findings indicate that both user involvement and user participation are beneficial, but the magnitude of these benefits much depends on how involvement and its effect are defined.",Meta-analysis | System success | User involvement | User participation,Information and Management,1999-04-05,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Thorn, Ron G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449253934,10.1017/s1930297500001285,The Drift Diffusion Model can account for the accuracy and reaction time of value-based choices under high and low time pressure,"An important open problem is how values are compared to make simple choices. A natural hypothesis is that the brain carries out the computations associated with the value comparisons in a manner consistent with the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM), since this model has been able to account for a large amount of data in other domains. We investigated the ability of four different versions of the DDM to explain the data in a real binary food choice task under conditions of high and low time pressure. We found that a seven-parameter version of the DDM can account for the choice and reaction time data with high-accuracy, in both the high and low time pressure conditions. The changes associated with the introduction of time pressure could be traced to changes in two key model parameters: the barrier height and the noise in the slope of the drift process.",Drift-diffusion model | Response time | Value-based choice,Judgment and Decision Making,2010-01-01,Article,"Milosavljevic, Milica;Malmaud, Jonathan;Huth, Alexander;Koch, Christof;Rangel, Antonio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032630277,10.1177/016555159902500305,Occupational and public health and safety in a changing work environment: An integrated approach for risk assessment and prevention,"The impact of information load (both under and overload) on decision quality is an important topic, yet results of empirical research are inconsistent. These mixed results may be due to the fact that information load itself is a function of information dimension. A meta-analysis of 31 experiments reported in 18 empirical bankruptcy prediction studies was conducted to test the effect of two information dimensions: information diversity and information repetitiveness. Results indicated that both information dimensions have an adverse impact on decision quality: provision of either diverse or repeated information can be detrimental to prediction accuracy. The findings have implications for information suppliers and researchers who are interested in improving the quality of human decision making.",,Journal of Information Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986149626,10.1108/02686900310495151,Supporting intelligent and trustworthy maritime path planning decisions,"While financial reporting fraud has become more prevalent and costly in recent years, fraud detection has been badly lagging. Several recent studies have examined the feasibility of various computer techniques in business and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of an integrated fuzzy neural network (FNN) for fraud detection. The FNN developed in this research outperformed most statistical models and artificial neural networks (ANN) reported in prior studies. Its performance also compared favorably with a baseline Logit model, especially in the prediction of fraud cases. © 2003, MCB UP Limited",Decision-support systems | Financial reporting | Fraud | Fuzzy logic | Neural nets | Risk assessment,Managerial Auditing Journal,2003-11-01,Article,"Lin, Jerry W.;Hwang, Mark I.;Becker, Jack D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862779114,10.1016/j.chb.2011.12.014,Crossover of distress due to work and family demands in dual-earner couples: A dyadic analysis,"New business models and applications have been continuously developed and popularized on the Internet. In recent years, a number of applications including blogs, Facebook, iGoogle, Plurk, Twitter, and YouTube known as Web 2.0 have become very popular. These aforementioned applications all have a strong social flavor. However, what social factors exert an influence onto their use is still unclear and remains as a research issue to be further investigated. This research studies four social factors and they are subjective norm, image, critical mass, and electronic word-of-mouth. A causal model of the satisfaction and continuance intention of Web 2.0 users as a function of these four social factors is proposed. Results indicate that user satisfaction with Web 2.0 applications significantly affects electronic word-of-mouth, which in turn significantly influences their continuance intention. In addition, subjective norm, image and critical mass all have a significant impact onto satisfaction, which in turn has an indirect significant influence on electronic word-of-mouth. Finally, all social factors have a significant direct impact on continuance intention. Finally, implications for service providers and researchers are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Critical mass | Electronic word-of-mouth | Image | Satisfaction | Subjective norm | Web 2.0,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-05-01,Article,"Chen, Shih Chih;Yen, David C.;Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957687153,10.1073/pnas.1004932107,Cortico-striatal connections predict control over speed and accuracy in perceptual decision making,"When people make decisions they often face opposing demands for response speed and response accuracy, a process likely mediated by response thresholds. According to the striatal hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by increasing activation from cortex to striatum, releasing the brain from inhibition. According to the STN hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by decreasing activation from cortex to subthalamic nucleus (STN); a decrease in STN activity is likewise thought to release the brain from inhibition and result in responses that are fast but error-prone. To test these hypotheses - both of which may be true - we conducted two experiments on perceptual decision making in which we used cues to vary the demands for speed vs. accuracy. In both experiments, behavioral data and mathematical model analyses confirmed that instruction from the cue selectively affected the setting of response thresholds. In the first experiment we used ultra-high-resolution 7T structural MRI to locate the STN precisely. We then used 3T structural MRI and probabilistic tractography to quantify the connectivity between the relevant brain areas. The results showed that participants who flexibly change response thresholds (as quantified by the mathematical model) have strong structural connections between presupplementary motor area and striatum. This result was confirmed in an independent second experiment. In general, these findings show that individual differences in elementary cognitive tasks are partly driven by structural differences in brain connectivity. Specifically, these findings support a cortico-striatal control account of how the brain implements adaptiveswitches between cautious and risky behavior.",Basal ganglia | Response time model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Structural connectivity | Subthalamic nucleus,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010-09-07,Article,"Forstmann, Birte U.;Anwander, Alfred;Schäfer, Andreas;Neumann, Jane;Brown, Scott;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Bogacz, Rafal;Turner, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57449104536,10.1080/08874417.2008.11645305,Using the analytic hierarchy process to examine judgment consistency in a complex multiattribute task,"Data warehousing is an important area of practice and research, yet few studies have assessed its practices in general and critical success factors in particular. Although plenty of guidelines for implementation exist, few have been subjected to empirical testing. Furthermore, no model is available for comparing and evaluating the various claims made in different studies. In order to better understand the critical success factors and their effects on data warehousing success, a research model is developed in this paper. This model is useful for comparing findings across studies and for selecting variables for future research. The model is tested using data collected from a cross sectional survey of data warehousing professionals. Partial Least Square (PLS) is used to validate the structural relations identified in the model. The resulting model has three groups of success factors. Technical factor is found to positively influence information quality, whereas both operational and economic factors have a positive effect on system quality. Structural relations are also found among the dependent variables. System quality positively influences information quality, which in turn positively affects individual benefits. Individual benefits in turn has a positive relation with organizational benefits.",Critical success factors | Data warehousing | Information systems success | Modeling,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Xu, Hongjiang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85001863269,10.4018/irmj.2000040103,Neuroticism and speed-accuracy tradeoff in self-paced speeded mental addition and comparison,"This study was conducted to create a knowledge base for MIS research. Building on two previous theoretical models, a systems success model relating six independent variables (external environment, organizational environment, user environment, IS operations environment, IS development environment, and information systems) to four success variables (use, satisfaction, individual impact, and organizational impact) was developed. This model was tested using data from 82 empirical studies in a meta-analysis. Results showed that all but one independent variable, external environment, had a significant relationship with success variables. In addition, each independent variable had varying strengths of relationships with different success variables. The findings yield important guidelines for the selection of variables in future research. The validated systems success model is general and theory based, and is useful in providing directions for future research. © 2000, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),2000-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Windsor, John C.;Pryor, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0004796148,10.1145/264417.264433,Videos vs. use cases: Can videos capture more requirements under time pressure?,"Meta-analysis involves the use of statistical procedures to integrate research findings across studies. Although it has been warmly embraced in those fields in which experiments are widely used, its application by MIS researchers is very limited. This research explores issues that are important to the conduct and evaluation of metaanalysis. The paper shows that meta-analysis has important advantages over traditional reviews. The potential application of meta-analysis in research integration and theory development and testing is discussed. The use of metaanalysis in MIS research in the past is reviewed. Opportunities for increased use of meta-analysis in the future are investigated. Limitations and potential problems of meta-analysis are discussed to facilitate the evaluation of metaanalysis results. With these issues clarified, this research should increase the interest of MIS researchers in meta-analysis and its applications. © 1996, Author. All rights reserved.",meta-analysis | research methods,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,1996-02-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976777634,10.1145/109022.109023,Design of intelligent sensing system for tire pressure,"This research uses meta---analysis, a quantitative literature review technique, to integrate and combine the results fromseveral presentation format studies. The motivation behind this research is twofold: the conflicting research results found in the literature, and the lack of a cumulative body of knowledge. Meta---analysis is a research technique that provides a means for cumulating research findings across studies. In addition, meta-analysis can resolve differences found in previous studies by isolating the effect of moderator variables. This research found very strong evidence of the existence of one moderator variable, task complexity, which may have resulted in reported inconsistencies from prior presentation format research. Furthermore, an inverted “U---shaped” curve may explain the relationship between the effectiveness of graphs and task complexity. Specifically, using graphical data achieves better decision---making performance when the task is moderately complex. When the task complexity is either too low or too high, there is no performance difference between graphical and tabular presentation formats. © 1991, ACM. All rights reserved.",,ACM SIGMIS Database,1991-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.H.;Wu, Bruce J.P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949874829,10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.006,A demands-resources model of work pressure in IT student task groups,"This paper presents an initial test of the group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model of group task performance among IT students. We theorize that demands and resources in group work influence formation of perceived group work pressure (GWP) and that heightened levels of GWP inhibit group task performance. A prior study identified 11 factors relating to the task, group, individual, or environment as source factors to GWP. We extended this research by creating and validating scales for each source factor within an integrated GWP instrument. We then applied the instrument in an initial test of the GTD-R model. Results show the GTD-R model provides good predictions of GWP and group task performance. In addition we find GWP, task complexity, and time pressure factors to be higher in IT tasks vs. non-IT tasks described by our student participants. The findings extend demands-resources research from its prior focus on job burnout and exhaustion in individual tasks to incorporate less-intense pressure levels and group task contexts. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Consequences | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,Computers and Education,2010-08-01,Article,"Wilson, E. Vance;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002010781,10.1016/S0305-0483(97)00047-9,Augmentation in contingency learning under time pressure,"This research was undertaken to resolve inconsistent findings on the effectiveness of group support systems (GSS) by investigating the effect of task type, which is, arguably, the most important moderator variable. A qualitative review of the literature was conducted to identify task dimensions that may explain the impact of task type on the effectiveness of GSS. The relationship between task dimension and group outcome was examined. Hypotheses were then developed to predict the effectiveness of GSS in supporting the performance of various tasks. These hypotheses were statistically tested using data from 28 experimental studies in a meta-analysis. Results showed that the impact of task type was dependent on how GSS effectiveness was measured. Task type had a significant impact favoring generation tasks when GSS effectiveness was measured by improved communication, member satisfaction, and decision speed. GSS effectiveness as measured by improved decision quality and member participation was not a function of task type. The significant findings on the effect of task type point out the task dimensions that system designers should consider in order to increase the effectiveness of GSS. These findings also have implications for future GSS research in the control and measurement of the effect of task type and in the measurement of GSS effectiveness. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Decision support systems | Group decision support systems (GDSS) | Group support systems (GSS) | Meta-analysis,Omega,1998-02-12,Article,"Hwang, M. I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904661121,10.1108/CMS-09-2011-0079,Managing system design process using axiomatic design: A case on KAIST mobile Harbor project,"Purpose: This paper aims to test the relationships among three important variables in the management of Chinese employees: personality trait, job performance and job satisfaction. A causal model is developed to hypothesize how personality trait affects job performance and satisfaction and how job performance and satisfaction simultaneously affect each other. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was conducted from October to November 2009. In total, 414 questionnaires were distributed and 392 were returned. Using data collected, the theoretical model is empirically validated. Structural equation modelling using LISREL 8.8 is used to test the causal model. Findings: Job performance and job satisfaction have a bilateral relationship that is simultaneously influential. All Big Five personality traits significantly influence job performance, with agreeableness showing the greatest effect, followed by extraversion. Extraversion is the only personality trait that shows a significant influence over job satisfaction. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the inconsistent findings of causal relationship between job performance and job satisfaction in previous studies. Another contribution is testing the effect of personality traits on job performance and job satisfaction in a simultaneous reciprocal model. A hybrid theory of expectance and equity is advanced in this study to explain the results. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Big five personality traits | Job performance | Job satisfaction | Personality | Simultaneous reciprocal influences,Chinese Management Studies,2014-01-01,Article,"Yang, Cheng Liang;Hwang, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80455178573,10.1057/ejis.2011.12,Generalized slowing is not that general in older adults: Evidence from a tracing task,"Meta-analysis has been increasingly used as a knowledge cumulation tool by IS researchers. In recent years many meta-analysts have conducted moderator analyses in an attempt to develop and test theories. These studies suffer from several methodological problems and, as a result, may have contributed to rather than resolved inconsistent research findings. For example, a previous meta-analysis reports that task interdependence moderates the effect of top management support to render it a non-critical component in systems implementation projects when task interdependence is low. We show that this conclusion is the result of uncorrected measurement error and an erroneous application of a fixed effects regression analysis. We discuss other pitfalls in the detection and confirmation of moderators including the use of the Q statistic and significance tests. Our recommended approach is to break the sample into subgroups and compare their credibility and confidence intervals. This approach is illustrated in a re-analysis of the top management support literature. Our results indicate that top management support is important in both high and low task interdependence groups and in fact may be equally important in both groups. Guidelines are developed to help IS researchers properly conduct moderator analyses in future meta-analytic studies. © 2011 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",IS implementation | management support | meta-analysis | moderator | systems success,European Journal of Information Systems,2011-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Schmidt, Frank L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878283483,10.1109/SYSTEMS.2010.5482483,Pessimistic evaluation of risks using ranking of generalized fuzzy numbers,"Mergers and acquisitions are important business strategy for growth. Many mergers and acquisitions have failed, however, due to a mismatch between strategic, organizational, and increasingly, information systems factors. Given that a large number of enterprise systems have been deployed in the last decade, their integration post merger is crucial to organizations that pursue mergers and acquisition as a growth strategy. This paper discusses issues that are important to the integration of information systems in a merger and acquisition environment. The need for information systems fit is emphasized; the role of information systems plays and its involvement in the integration life cycle are elaborated. An information systems integration success model is discussed and issues related to enterprise systems integration are presented. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for enterprise systems integration for companies to position themselves favorably in the merger and acquisition environment.",enterprise resource planning | Enterprise systems | mergers and acquisitions | systems integration,"10th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2004",2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650964412,,Global engineering needs translation teamwork,"Translating and interpreting skills play a vital role in ensuring that team members of an engineering project can communicate effectively and in providing both partners and equipment users with manuals, instructions, operating software, and other materials in their own language. Translation requirements are all too often left until the last minute, putting time pressure on those required to get to grips with a raft of documentation and complex technical terms. While imprecise statements and even ambiguities can sometimes pass muster in the original language, the process of translation can bring them to light. Without adequate time or prior knowledge of the subject, translators often struggle to provide precise and accurate materials on time. Translators often help engineers to explain and accurately identify in their native language concepts used in software and referred to in user guides. If these points can be raised early in the project, it helps to clarify and establish consistent translations for international project teams.",,Engineer,2010-07-12,Short Survey,"Kelly, Dominick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036758783,10.1080/08874417.2002.11647063,The incorporation of ergonomics in HSE management: Contributions and challenges,"While data warehousing (DW) has emerged as a key component of many organizations information systems, few studies have assessed companies' DW practices. This research examines a range of DW development and management issues. Data collected from more than two dozen large companies suggest that the DW concept has been implemented quite differently across enterprises, and that DW practices are still at an early stage of development. The results are also compared across two different DW architecture types, the hub & spoke and federated data mart approaches. This analysis suggests that the choice of architecture appears to have an important effect on a number of DW development and management measures. The results of this study should be useful to companies looking to initiate or expand their DW operations and to researchers in understanding the current scope and operations of companies' data warehousing efforts.",,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2002-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark;Cappel, James J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008238161,10.4018/irmj.1995070103,"Two-stage dynamic signal detection: A theory of choice, decision time, and confidence","Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. This research empirically tested the effects of presentation format, time pressure, and task complexity on decision performance. The objective was to determine the effective presentation format (graphics or tables) for the performance of tasks of varying complexities by decision makers under time pressure. Results showed that when time pressure was low, the effectiveness of the two presentation formats depended on the type and complexity of the task. With increasing time pressure graphics generally were found more advantageous. The findings add to the literature by showing the superiority of graphics over tables in supporting decision making under time pressure. © 1995, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),1995-07-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954160829,10.1080/09593969.2010.491202,Retailer evaluation: The crucial link between in-store processes and shopping outcomes,"How shoppers view and evaluate individual retailers is critical due to extreme competition among firms that might carry similar products and brands. While considerable research has examined how satisfaction with purchased products and services affects retailers, retailer-related process satisfaction, and specifically evaluations of the retailers themselves, has not been included in many retail process frameworks. Therefore, the present research identifies the crucial role that evaluations of the retailer play in driving important behavioral outcomes such as store patronage and word-of-mouth recommendations. Manipulating in-store guidance and measuring shopper time pressure, results of a field experiment reveal that retailer evaluations mediate the relationship between process satisfaction and behavioral intentions, even when products and services are not actually purchased. Implications of these findings are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.",In-store guidance | Process satisfaction | Retailer evaluation | Search process | Time pressure,"International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research",2010-07-01,Article,"Gurel-Atay, Eda;Giese, Joan L.;Godek, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039840855,10.1109/HICSS.1996.495324,Retention of a time pressure heuristic in a target identification task,"The measurement of systems success is important to any research on information systems. A research study typically uses several dependent measures as surrogates for systems success. These dependent measures are generally treated as outcome variables which, as a group, vary as a function of certain independent variables. Recently, a process perspective has been advocated to measure system success. This process perspective recognizes that some of the dependent measures, along with independent variables, also have an impact on outcome variables. A comprehensive success model has been developed by DeLone and McLean (1992) to group success measures cited in the literature into three categories: quality, use, and impact. This model further predicts that quality affects use, which in turn affects impact. This paper explores the plausibility of using meta-analysis to validate this success model. Advantages of using meta-analysis over other research methodologies in validating process models are examined. Potential problems with meta-analysis in validating this particular success model are discussed. A research plan that utilizes past empirical studies to validate this success model is described.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, M.;McLean, E. R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951022203,10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.01.004,Aging and the speed of time,"Correlational and experimental methods provide evidence relevant to seven theories of humans' general impressions of the speed of time, including theories of the purported subjective acceleration of time with aging. A total of 1865 adults from two countries, ranging in age from 16 to 80, reported how fast time appears to pass over different spans of time. Other measures tapped the experience of life changes and time pressure, and experimental manipulations were used to test two models based on forward telescoping and difficulty of recall. Respondents of all ages reported that time seems to pass quickly. In contrast to widely held beliefs, age differences in reports of the subjective speed of time were very small, except for the question about how fast the last 10. years had passed. Findings support a theory based on the experience of time pressure. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.",Aging | Subjective speed of time | Time perception | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2010-06-01,Article,"Friedman, William J.;Janssen, Steve M.J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951977810,10.1007/s10551-009-0237-3,The impact of perceived ethical culture of the firm and demographic variables on auditors' ethical evaluation and intention to act decisions,"This study examined the impact of perceived ethical culture of the firm and selected demographic variables on auditors' ethical evaluation of, and intention to engage in, various time pressure-induced dysfunctional behaviours. Four audit cases and questionnaires were distributed to experienced pre-manager level auditors in Ireland and the U. S. The findings revealed that while perceived unethical pressure to engage in dysfunctional behaviours and unethical tone at the top were significant in forming an ethical evaluation, only perceived unethical pressure had an impact on intention to engage in the behaviours. Country was also found to have a significant impact, with U. S. respondents reporting higher ethical evaluations and lower intentions to engage in unethical acts than Irish respondents. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.",Auditor conflict | Ethical culture | Ethical decision making | Quality threatening behaviours | Time pressure | Underreporting of time,Journal of Business Ethics,2010-06-01,Article,"Sweeney, Breda;Arnold, Don;Pierce, Bernard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18844431145,10.1016/S0882-6110(00)17009-9,Assessment of a user's time pressure and cognitive load on the basis of features of speech,"The usefulness of financial accounting ratios has long been documented in statistical models of business failure prediction. However, behavioral studies to date have reported inconsistent results, with prediction accuracy ranging from 41 percent to 93 percent. These studies have also presented varying explanations for the inconsistencies. Data from 33 previous experimental results were analyzed in this meta-analysis to determine the moderating effects of differences in task properties on failure prediction accuracy. As expected, all task properties were found to have a significant moderating effect on prediction accuracy. These findings have important implications for future research and practice in the prediction of business failure and similar tasks. © 2000.",,Advances in Accounting,2000-01-01,Article,"Lin, Jerry W.;Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034371129,10.1080/08874417.2000.11647465,Mathematical model of kinetics of filling the model during casting by gasified models,"Fuzzy logic has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as its applications are found in areas ranging from consumer products to industrial process control and portfolio management. Along with neural networks and genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic constitutes three cornerstones of ""soft computing."" Unlike the traditional or hard computing, soft computing strives to model the pervasive imprecision of the real world. Solutions derived from soil computing are generally more robust, flexible, and economical. In addition, constituent technologies of soft computing are generally complementary rather than competitive. As a result, many hybrid systems have been proposed to integrate these complementary technologies. This study review's fuzzy logic and neural networks and illustrates how they can be integrated to provide a better solution. In an empirical test, the integrated neural fuzzy system significantly outperformed a traditional statistical model in predicting pension accounting adoption choices.",Fuzzy logic | Neural networks | Pension accounting choices,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897068905,10.22495/cocv6i1c1p4,Virtual reality platforms for education and training in industry,"Earnings management is of great concern to corporate stakeholders. While numerous studies have investigated various determinants of earnings management relating to corporate governance and audit quality, empirical evidence on their effects is rather inconsistent. Employing meta-analysis techniques, this research integrates and evaluates results from 27 prior studies. All eleven variables examined show a significant effect on earnings management. Researchers are encouraged to build on our results to continue this important research stream.",Audit Committee | Audit Quality | Auditor Choice | Corporate Governance | Earnings Management | Fraud | Independence | Meta-Analysis,Corporate Ownership and Control,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649182687,10.1016/j.cognition.2009.12.012,"Unconscious reward cues increase invested effort, but do not change speed-accuracy tradeoffs","While both conscious and unconscious reward cues enhance effort to work on a task, previous research also suggests that conscious rewards may additionally affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs. Based on this idea, two experiments explored whether reward cues that are presented above (supraliminal) or below (subliminal) the threshold of conscious awareness affect such tradeoffs differently. In a speed-accuracy paradigm, participants had to solve an arithmetic problem to attain a supraliminally or subliminally presented high-value or low-value coin. Subliminal high (vs. low) rewards made participants more eager (i.e., faster, but equally accurate). In contrast, supraliminal high (vs. low) rewards caused participants to become more cautious (i.e., slower, but more accurate). However, the effects of supraliminal rewards mimicked those of subliminal rewards when the tendency to make speed-accuracy tradeoffs was reduced. These findings suggest that reward cues initially boost effort regardless of whether or not people are aware of them, but affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs only when the reward information is accessible to consciousness. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Consciousness | Rewards | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Cognition,2010-05-01,Article,"Bijleveld, Erik;Custers, Ruud;Aarts, Henk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953193952,10.1590/s1413-81232010000300037,Repetitive tasks under time pressure: The musculoskeletal disorders and the industrial work [Tarefas repetitivas sob pressão temporal: Os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos e o trabalho industrial],"An ergonomic study was carried out to characterize repetitive work and psychosocial demands at work in a plastic industry in The Greater Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. Global observations of tasks were preliminary carried out to investigate work organization, production organization and tasks determinants. Time requirements in tasks development involved psychosocial demands and physical demands, particularly when the latter implied very fast repetitive work. Secondly, those findings led to systematic observations with simultaneous interviews of workers. Work cycles in each task of molding/finishing plastic bags were measured by video analysis. All disturbances that required worker regulation on tasks development were recorded. This study allowed identifying variabilities of work process and of tasks development, and to put into evidence the extra demands and changeable tasks processes that require workers ́ regulation. In that situation, higher cognitive and physical demands are resulted from time pressure. The inadequate work conditions associated to time pressure and a work organization with low control generate a situation in which the task development is just possible under workers ́ body overload.",Ergonomics | Musculoskeletal disorders | Psychosocial factors | Repetitive strain injuries | RSI | Work organization,Ciencia e Saude Coletiva,2010-01-01,Article,"Fernandes, Rita de Cássia Pereira;Assunção, Ada Ávila;Carvalho, Fernando Martins",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863027711,10.1016/j.compind.2009.12.008,Mobile information search for location-based information,"A traditional audit technique manually controls internal data and processes. However, with the increase of the informatics transactions between global organizations, auditors have to provide a rigorous audit process. Some of them, try to deal with software products in a complex environment by using service-oriented architecture (SOA) and web services (WS). These pose new challenges for management, reliability, change management, security and much more. In this paper, a comprehensive audit mechanism is proposed to provide a cross-platform solution in a heterogeneous software/hardware environment, satisfying interdepartmental and cross-organizational business demands. A prototype of the collaborative e-procurement system is developed to demonstrate how business activities can be properly audited in the SOA architecture. Some practical examples are also given to illustrate the control points designed for a successful audit process in the system. © 2012 ICIC International.",Audit log | Business process | Computer audit | Service-oriented architecture (SOA) | Web services,"International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control",2012-01-01,Article,"Li, Shing Han;Chen, Shih Chih;Hu, Chung Chiang;Wu, Wei Shou;Hwang, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950430987,10.1016/j.aap.2009.07.010,Capturing the serial nature of older drivers' responses towards challenging events: A simulator study,"Older drivers' ability to trigger simultaneous responses in reaction to simulated challenging road events was examined through crash risk and local analyses of acceleration and direction data provided by the simulator. This was achieved by segregating and averaging the simulator's primary measures according to six short time intervals, one before and five during the challenging events. Twenty healthy adults aged 25-45 years old (M = 29.5 ± 4.32) and 20 healthy adults aged 65 and older (M = 73.4 ± 5.17) were exposed to five simulated scenarios involving sudden, complex and unexpected maneuvres. Participants were also administered the Useful Field of View (UFOV), single reaction time and choice reaction time tests, a visual secondary task in the simulator, and a subjective workload evaluation (NASA-TLX). Results indicated that the challenging event that required multiple synchronized reactions led to a higher crash rate in older drivers. Acceleration and orientation data analyses confirmed that the drivers who crashed limited their reaction. The other challenging events did not generate crashes because they could be anticipated and one response (braking) was sufficient to avoid crash. Our findings support the proposal (Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Mynttinen, S., Backman, M., Mikkonen, V., 1999. Age-related differences in driving: are older drivers more serial? International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, 575-589) that older drivers have more difficulty activating car controls simultaneously putting them at risk when facing challenging and time pressure road events. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Ageing | Attention | Serial and parallel processing | Simulator | Surprising events,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2010-05-01,Article,"Bélanger, Alexandre;Gagnon, Sylvain;Yamin, Stephanie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952611995,10.1063/1.3318695,The budget approach: A framework for a global transformation toward a low-carbon economy,"Latest research shows that there is only a realistic chance of restricting global warming to 2 °C if a limit is set to the total amount of CO 2 emitted globally between now and 2050 (global carbon dioxide budget). We move this global budget to the forefront of our considerations regarding a new global climate treaty in the post-Copenhagen process. [The authors are members of the ""German Advisory Council on Global Change"" (WBGU). The WBGU recently published a study on ""Solving the climate dilemma: The budget approach."" This paper builds on the fundamental ideas and findings of the WBGU study and demonstrates that the budget approach could serve as a cornerstone for an institutional design for a global low-carbon economy.] Combining findings from climate science and economics with fundamental concepts of equity, the ""budget approach"" provides concrete figures for the emission allowances that are still available to countries, assuming they want to prevent the destabilization of the planet's climate system. Our calculations demonstrate that the time pressure for acting is almost overwhelming-in industrialized countries and also in emerging economies and many developing nations. We suggest several institutional innovations and rules to manage the global and the national CO2 budgets in a transparent, fair, and flexible way. A sober analysis of the state of the art of climate change science and of the state of multilateral attempts to create an effective climate protection accord so far reveals that the budget approach can provide crucial orientation for the negotiations toward a comprehensive post-Copenhagen climate regime. The approach facilitates at the same time an institutional design for a low-carbon global economy, setting the necessary incentives for decoupling economic growth from the burning of fossil fuels. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.",,Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2010-05-01,Article,"Messner, Dirk;Schellnhuber, John;Rahmstorf, Stefan;Klingenfeld, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950902597,10.1145/1718918.1718971,Sources of errors in distributed development projects: Implications for collaborative tools,"An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects. Copyright 2010 ACM.",Collaborative tools | Concurrent engineering | Dependencies | Distributed development | Errors | Experience,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2010-04-20,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85010420380,10.1016/j.ijme.2017.01.004,Neural correlates of belief-bias reasoning under time pressure: A near-infrared spectroscopy study,The ever increasing use of online education dictates that the use of traditional face-to-face tools for students be expanded into the virtual classroom. Business students in online MBA courses at two universities are tasked with making decisions using SAP's ERPSim Manufacturing Game. The students are polled before and after their simulation experience on five dimensions including attitude toward SAP and several dimensions in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) knowledge. Students were found to have increased their attitudes toward SAP and knowledge of ERP upon completing the three-period simulation game. These results are significant for business educators of online courses because it shows that increased learning due to ERPSim not only takes place in face-to-face education classrooms but in an asynchronous environment as well. A comparison of our results with those reported in prior studies involving traditional classes revealed additional insights and potential topics for future research.,Asynchronous online teaching | ERP | ERP simulation | Online learning | SAP,International Journal of Management Education,2017-03-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark;Cruthirds, Kevin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85048448105,10.1016/j.dss.2009.12.007,"Input information complexity, perceived time pressure, and information processing in GSS-based work groups: An experimental investigation using a decision schema to alleviate information overload conditions","Several technological trends have accelerated the development of the digital economy in recent years. Gartner identifies the convergence of mobile, social, cloud, and information, named the Nexus of Forces, as the platform of digital business. Although curricula that incorporate a single technology exist, few have tackled several technologies at once. An assignment is developed to help students understand the connection between mobile, cloud, and information. The assignment can be implemented with free state-of-the-art enterprise tools from SAP.",Cloud | Curriculum | Information | Mobile | SAP | Social,AMCIS 2017 - America's Conference on Information Systems: A Tradition of Innovation,2017-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905591293,10.17705/1cais.03502,Nurse-perceived time pressure and patient-perceived care quality,"Systems implementation is an important topic, and numerous studies have been conducted to identify determinants of success. Among organizational factors that can have an impact on success, top management support and training are two of the most extensively studied variables. While the positive influence of both of these organizational factors is generally recognized, not all empirical evidence is supportive. Some researchers attribute the inconsistent findings to moderators such as task interdependence. Other researchers contend that the wide-ranging correlations observed in different studies are caused by nothing but statistical artifacts. Still another reason for the inconsistent results could be how the two variables are modeled. I meta-analyzed thirty prior studies that examine the effect of both top management support and training. The results support both independent variables having a moderate positive effect on implementation success. Additionally, they suggest that the most plausible model is one where training partially mediates the effect of top management support. Finally, the preponderance of evidence indicates that task interdependence does not moderate the effect of either top management support or training. Instead, the role of task interdependence is similar to that of top management support and training: as an independent variable with a direct effect on implementation success.",IS implementation | Management support | Meta-analysis | Systems success | Task interdependence | Training,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951284448,10.1080/10447310903575465,User preference for a control-based reduced processing decision support interfacedecision support interface and porter,"This study examined trainee crime-scene investigators' preference for, and accuracy in using, four different computer-based decision support interface designs, each of which incorporated a different reduced processing information acquisition strategy. The interfaces differed on the basis of the number of options that could be considered simultaneously and the level of control that could be exercised over the number and sequence in which feature values were accessed. Forty trainee investigators completed six decision scenarios in which they were asked to acquire information and formulate a decision by selecting one of three options. The study comprised two phases, the first of which involved familiarizing participants with each of the four interface designs and collecting performance and subjective data. The second phase involved trainees selecting one of the four interfaces to engage in a fifth and sixth decision scenario involving high or low levels of time pressure. The results indicated that the ""all options, full control"" interface was the preferred option in the low time-pressure condition. Although the strategy remained the most frequently selected in the high time-pressure condition, this preference was not significant. It was concluded that the perceptions of difficulty and the degree of user control over information acquisition were more important than perceived efficiency in the selection of computer-based interface designs. The outcomes have implications for the design of decision support systems. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2010-04-01,Article,"Morrison, Ben W.;Wiggins, Mark W.;Porter, Glenn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949431893,10.1007/978-3-642-11747-3_17,Report: Modular safeguards to create holistic security requirement specifications for system of systems,"The specification of security requirements for systems of systems is often an activity that is forced upon non-security experts and performed under time pressure. This paper describes how we have addressed this problem by using a collection of modular safeguards, which are tailored to the application domain. These safeguards, which are specific but still fairly atomic, are combined into requirement profiles that seamlessly integrate into the overall development approach. These safeguards are grouped into 15 classes which subsume requirements that aim for low, medium and high security capabilities. Each requirement is further specified with a technical description defining actual values. To achieve a holistic coverage, we have created requirement profiles that define combinations of modular safeguards and have added complementary organizational safeguards. We will show how we have developed this approach over the years and present our practical experiences of the seamless integration into the development life cycle. © 2010 Springer.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2010-03-22,Conference Paper,"Zuccato, Albin;Daniels, Nils;Jampathom, Cheevarat;Nilson, Mikael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949557635,10.1080/10508421003595935,Strategies in forecasting outcomes in ethical decision-making: Identifying and analyzing the causes of the problem,"This study examined the role of key causal analysis strategies in forecasting and ethical decision-making. Undergraduate participants took on the role of the key actor in several ethical problems and were asked to identify and analyze the causes, forecast potential outcomes, and make a decision about each problem. Time pressure and analytic mindset were manipulated while participants worked through these problems. The results indicated that forecast quality was associated with decision ethicality, and the identification of the critical causes of the problem was associated with both higher quality forecasts and higher ethicality of decisions. Neither time pressure nor analytic mindset impacted forecasts or ethicality of decisions. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Causal analysis | Ethical decision-making | Forecasting | Problem solving | Time pressure,Ethics and Behavior,2010-03-01,Article,"Stenmark, Cheryl K.;Antes, Alison L.;Wang, Xiaoqian;Caughron, Jared J.;Thiel, Chase E.;Mumford, Michael D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953660973,10.1007/s11524-009-9433-9,"Speed kills: The complex links between transport, lack of time and urban health","Road safety experts understand the contribution of speed to the severity and frequency of road crashes. Yet, the impact of speed on health is far more subtle and pervasive than simply its effect on road safety. The emphasis in urban areas on increasing the speed and volume of car traffic contributes to ill-health through its impacts on local air pollution, greenhouse gas production, inactivity, obesity and social isolation. In addition to these impacts, a heavy reliance on cars as a supposedly 'fast' mode of transport consumes more time and money than a reliance on supposedly slower modes of transport (walking, cycling and public transport). Lack of time is a major reason why people do not engage in healthy behaviours. Using the concept of effective speed', this paper demonstrates that any attempt to save time' through increasing the speed of motorists is ultimately futile. Paradoxically, if planners wish to provide urban residents with more time for healthy behaviours (such as exercise and preparing healthy food), then, support for the 'slower' active modes of transport should be encouraged. © 2010 The New York Academy of Medicine.",Physical activity | Pollution | Road safety | Speed | Time pressure | Transport,Journal of Urban Health,2010-03-01,Article,"Tranter, Paul Joseph",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949708831,10.1109/TITB.2009.2036164,Discriminating stress from cognitive load using a wearable eda device,"The inferred cost of work-related stress call for prevention strategies that aim at detecting early warning signs at the workplace. This paper goes one step towards the goal of developing a personal health system for detecting stress. We analyze the discriminative power of electrodermal activity (EDA) in distinguishing stress from cognitive load in an office environment. A collective of 33 subjects underwent a laboratory intervention that included mild cognitive load and two stress factors, which are relevant at the workplace: mental stress induced by solving arithmetic problems under time pressure and psychosocial stress induced by social-evaluative threat. During the experiments, a wearable device was used to monitor the EDA as a measure of the individual stress reaction. Analysis of the data showed that the distributions of the EDA peak height and the instantaneous peak rate carry information about the stress level of a person. Six classifiers were investigated regarding their ability to discriminate cognitive load from stress. A maximum accuracy of 82.8% was achieved for discriminating stress from cognitive load. This would allow keeping track of stressful phases during a working day by using a wearable EDA device. © 2009 IEEE.",Cognitive load | Electrodermal activity (EDA) | Personal health systems (PHSs) | Stress recognition | Wearable,IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine,2010-03-01,Article,"Setz, Cornelia;Arnrich, Bert;Schumm, Johannes;La Marca, Roberto;Tröster, Gerhard;Ehlert, Ulrike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75749118847,10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.11.005,The desire to win: The effects of competitive arousal on motivation and behavior,"The paper theoretically elaborates and empirically investigates the ""competitive arousal"" model of decision making, which argues that elements of the strategic environment (e.g., head-to-head rivalry and time pressure) can fuel competitive motivations and behavior. Study 1 measures real-time motivations of online auction bidders and finds that the ""desire to win"" (even when winning is costly and will provide no strategic upside) is heightened when rivalry and time pressure coincide. Study 2 is a field experiment which alters the text of email alerts sent to bidders who have been outbid; the text makes competitive (vs. non-competitive) motivations salient. Making the desire to win salient triggers additional bidding, but only when rivalry and time pressure coincide. Study 3, a laboratory study, demonstrates that the desire to win mediates the effect of rivalry and time pressure on over-bidding. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Auction | Bidding | Competition | Competitive arousal | Competitive motivation | Conflict | Desire to win | Dispute | Escalation | Negotiation | Relative payoffs | Rivalry | Time pressure | Winning,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2010-03-01,Article,"Malhotra, Deepak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951188080,10.3139/104.110273,Digital factory planning tools - Evaluation and selection [Digitale Werkzeuge in der Fabrikplanung: Bewertung und Auswahl],"Nowadays, companies are forced to adapt their factories more often to changing requirements because of ever shorter product and technology lifecycles. Due to the resulting higher time pressure planners increasingly discuss the use of digital tools to support the process of factory planning. However, an evaluation of the advantages of the digital tools is difficult because of the lack of methods. It is often neglected that a use of the tools is not always expedient, but is dependent of e.g. the type and complexity of the planning task. Thus, in this paper an approach is described that allows an evaluation of the target-oriented use of the tools. The approach regards among others the complexity of the planning project as well as the specific implementation effort. © Carl Hanser Verlag.",,ZWF Zeitschrift fuer Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb,2010-01-01,Article,"Hirsch, Benjamin;Klemke, Tim;Wulf, Serjosha;Nyhuis, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-76149097906,10.1026/1612-5010/a000002,Analysis of the subjective and objective effects of rule changes in pole-vaulting [Analyse subjektiver und objektiver Auswirkungen von Regeländerungen im Stabhochsprung],"There have been few studies of the effects of changes to competition rules on the subjective perceptions of athletes. In an interview study of 12 male and female pole-vaulters on major changes of the discipline in 2003, the subjective perceptions of rule changes are compared with objective data. The results show that athletes adapt and modify their visualization and execution of actions as well as their competition tactics. Nonetheless, a substantial number of vaulters were concerned with the negative consequences of the rule changes. The analysis of objective performance measures of vaulters shows that there were neither such negative consequences nor was there a connection between subjective perception and objective performance. Based on the results, implications for practical implementation are discussed.",Competitive sport | Pre-performance routines | Time pressure,Zeitschrift fur Sportpsychologie,2010-02-12,Article,"Lobinger, Babett;Hohmann, Tanja;Nicklisch, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77249176135,10.1504/IJMED.2010.031548,"A study on the relationship among time pressure, job involvement, routinisation, creativity and turnover intentions","Researchers have claimed that routinisation hinders creativity. However, empirical evidence for this assumption is sparse. In this study, we examined a series of research hypotheses that specifies the relationships among time pressure, job involvement, routinisation, creativity and turnover intentions. A research was conducted with 315 employees of the newspaper and television industries in Taiwan. Our results clearly reveal that routinisation is negatively associated with creativity. Time pressure is a strong predictor for routinisation and creativity. Job involvement emerged as a positive predictor for routinisation. Routinisation and creativity had an adverse relationship with turnover intentions. The findings are interpreted with discussions of the implications. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",Creativity | Enterprise development | Job involvement | Routinisation | Time pressure | Turnover intentions,International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development,2010-01-01,Article,"James Lin, Ming Ji;Chen, Chih Cheng;Chen, Chih Jou;Lai, Fu Shan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950343986,10.1123/jsep.32.1.23,Direct and buffering effects of physical activity on stress-related depression in mothers of infants,"This study examined the role of leisure-time physical activity in reducing the impact of high life stress and time pressure on depression, a buffer effect, for mothers of infants. A direct association between leisure-time physical activity and depression, regardless of both sources of stress, was also tested. A sample of approximately 5,000 mothers of infant children completed questionnaires that measured demographic characteristics, frequency of participation in leisure-time physical activity, life stress, time pressure, and depression (depressive symptoms). Hierarchical multiple regression incorporating an interaction component to represent the buffering effect was used to analyze the data. Frequency of leisure-time physical activity was significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms for both types of stress and acted as a buffer of the association between life stress and depressive symptoms, but did not buffer the influence of time pressure on depressive symptoms. These findings indicated that leisure-time physical activity assists in maintaining the mental health of mothers of infants; however, caution is needed when promoting physical activity for mothers who feel under time pressure. © 2010 Human Kinetics, Inc.",Depression | Exercise | Life stress | Physical activity | Time pressure | Women,Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2010-01-01,Article,"Craike, Melinda Jane;Coleman, Denis;MacMahon, Clare",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651553568,10.4156/jdcta.vol4.issue1.14,Medical information system with iconic user interfaces,"Healthcare authorities have recognized the potential of information technology (IT) systems to improve the quality of service and provide better patient care. It is not easy to develop software applications that meet quality standards, time pressure, and budget constraints without making a predictive preparation. It is crucial to collect accurate data in a relatively short time while completing the hospital process. Instead of using complex and long forms for record keeping, developing a software system may be beneficial. Better human-computer interfaces can be designed by the participation of the actual system users. In this study, a medical information system was developed for the emergency service data flow to Tablet PCs via Wi-Fi mobile network by implementing user-centered development methodology. The application was tested by actual system users selected from the physicians and nurses. The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of iconic user interfaces in a medical information system by ISO usability standards, and heuristic evaluation. The user reactions were observed while performing with the systems. The system users participated both in the development and evaluation process. Icon design process with users' participation was also introduced briefly in this paper. It was shown the participatory icon design process is useful and effective. The usability of the web-based applications is improved with visual iconic components on hospital information interfaces.",Heuristic evaluation | Icon | ISO9241 | Medical information system | Participatory design | Usability,International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications,2010-02-01,Article,"Salman, Yucel Batu;Cheng, Hong In;Kim, Ji Young;Patterson, Patrick E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023503256,10.1146/annurev.soc.13.1.149,The physics of decision making: Stochastic differential equations as models for neural dynamics and evidence accumulation in cortical circuits,"Summarizes the state of the art of time budget surveys and analyses, and reviews the different fields of utilization of time budget data: mass media contact, demand for cultural and other leisure goods and services, urban planning, consumer behavior, needs of elderly persons and of children, the sexual division of labor, the informal economy and household economics, social accounting, social indicators, quality of life, way of life, social structure. -from Author",,Annual review of sociology. Vol. 13,1987-01-01,Article,"Andorka, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449131495,10.1016/j.tins.2009.09.002,The neural basis of the speed-accuracy tradeoff,"In many situations, decision makers need to negotiate between the competing demands of response speed and response accuracy, a dilemma generally known as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). Despite the ubiquity of SAT, the question of how neural decision circuits implement SAT has received little attention up until a year ago. We review recent studies that show SAT is modulated in association and pre-motor areas rather than in sensory or primary motor areas. Furthermore, the studies suggest that emphasis on response speed increases the baseline firing rate of cortical integrator neurons. We also review current theories on how and where in the brain the SAT is controlled, and we end by proposing research directions that could distinguish between these theories. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Trends in Neurosciences,2010-01-01,Review,"Bogacz, Rafal;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Forstmann, Birte U.;Nieuwenhuis, Sander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350536904,10.1159/000253861,Speed-accuracy tradeoff in decision-making performance among pathological gamblers,"Background: Pathological gambling is classified as an impulse control disorder in the DSM-IV-TR; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between gambling behavior and impulsive decision-making in time-non-limited situations. Methods: The subjects performed the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The MFFT investigated the reflection-impulsivity dimension in pathological gamblers (n = 82) and demographically matched healthy subjects (n = 82).Results: Our study demonstrated that pathological gamblers had a significantly higher rate of errors than healthy controls (p = 0.01) but were not different in terms of response time (p = 0.49). We found a similar power of correlation between the number of errors and response time in both pathological gamblers and controls. We may conclude that impaired performance of our pathological gamblers as compared to controls in a situation without time limit pressure cannot be explained by a trade-off of greater speed at the cost of less accuracy. Conclusions: The results of our study showed that pathological gamblers tend to make more errors but do not exhibit quicker responses as compared to the control group. Diminished MFFT performance in pathological gamblers as compared to controls supports findings of previous studies which show that pathological gamblers have impaired decision-making. Further controlled studies with a larger sample size which examine MFFT performance in pathological gamblers are necessary to confirm our results. © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.",Impulsivity | Matching Familiar Figures Test | Pathological gamblers | Response time,European Addiction Research,2010-01-01,Article,"Kertzman, Semion;Vainder, Michael;Vishne, Tali;Aizer, Anat;Kotler, Moshe;Dannon, Pinhas N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898422444,10.5244/C.24.54,Reducing mismatching under time-pressure by reasoning about visibility and occlusion,"Three methods are explored which help indicate whether feature points are potentially visible or occluded in the matching phase of the keyframe-based real-time visual SLAM system. The first derives a measure of potential visibility from the angular proximity to keyframes in which they were observed and globally adjusted, and preferentially selects those with high visibility when tracking the camera position between keyframes. It is found that sorting and selecting features within image bins spread over the image improves tracking stability. The second method automatically recognizes and locates 3D polyhedral objects alongside the point map, and uses them to determine occlusion. The third method uses the map points themselves to grow surfaces. The performance of each is tested on live and recorded sequences. © 2010. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.",,"British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2010 - Proceedings",2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wangsiripitak, S.;Murray, D. W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649089571,,Practical aids for the implementation of the TRBS 1151: Possible procedural errors under time pressure in the man-working medium-system [Praktische hilfen zur umsetzung der trbs 1151: Mögliche handlungsfehler unter zeitdruck im mensch - Arbeitsmittel - System],,,Technische Uberwachung,2010-01-01,Article,"Wattendorff, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72249099256,10.1108/02686901011008963,"Time pressure, task complexity, and audit effectiveness","Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among time pressure (TP), task complexity (TC), and audit effectiveness (AE). It is motivated by the conflicting results reported in prior TP studies. Design/methodology/approach: The research hypotheses are developed using McGrath's interactional model of the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Data are collected using a two-treatment field experiment involving 63 public accountants. Findings: The results show a negative, interactional relationship among TP, TC, and AE. Research limitations/implications: The first limitation concerns the non-random procedure used to recruit public accounting firms and auditors. Second, there is the less than perfect operationalization of the TC construct. Practical implications: First, the findings suggest that public accounting firms may need to resist the urge to reduce the time allowed for performing compliance tests, and provide training to improve the detection rate for all type of compliance deviations. Second, the fact that the rate of change in AE, in response to changes in TP, is different for the two audit tasks studied, suggests that it may not be appropriate for audit planners to assume a uniform TP effect across the various tasks involved in an audit. This insight has implication for the trade-offs between the lower direct audit costs associated with tighter time budgets, and possible increases in audit risk associated with lower AE. Originality/value: Two unique aspects of this paper are the operationalization of TP as a continuous random variable and the use of z-scores to standardize the AE measure. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Auditing | Task analysis | Time-based management,Managerial Auditing Journal,2010-01-01,Article,"Bowrin, Anthony R.;King, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954548953,10.1017/S0140525X10000324,"Default knowledge, time pressure, and the theory-theory of concepts","I raise two issues for Machery's discussion and interpretation of the theory-theory. First, I raise an objection against Machery's claim that theory-theorists take theories to be default bodies of knowledge. Second, I argue that theory-theorists' experimental results do not support Machery's contention that default bodies of knowledge include theories used in their own proprietary kind of categorization process. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010.",,Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2010-01-01,Note,"Blanchard, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85213942407,10.3389/fpubh.2024.1484414,Analyzing resource behavior using process mining,"Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus species, is a prevalent contaminant in oil crops, with prolonged exposure associated with liver damage. Home-made peanut oil (HMPO) produced by small workshops in Guangzhou is heavily contaminated with AFB1. Despite the enactment of the Small Food Workshops Management Regulations (SFWMR), no quantitative assessment has been conducted regarding its impact on food contamination and public health. The study aims to assess the impact of SFWMR on AFB1 contamination in HMPO and liver function in the population. Method: AFB1 contamination in HMPO were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liver function data were obtained from the health center located in a high-HMPO-consumption area in Guangzhou. Interrupted time series and mediation analyses were employed to assess the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR, AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, and liver function among residents. Result: The AFB1 concentrations in HMPO were 1.29 (0.12, 6.58) μg/kg. The average daily intake of AFB1 through HMPO for Guangzhou residents from 2010 to 2022 ranged from 0.25 to 1.68 ng/kg bw/d, and the Margin of Exposure ranged from 238 to 1,600. The implementation of SFWMR was associated with a significant reduction in AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, showing an immediate decrease of 2.865 μg/kg (P = 0.006) and a sustained annual reduction of 2.593 μg/kg (P = 0.034). Among residents in the high-HMPO-consumption area, the implementation of SFWMR was significantly associated with a reduction in the prevalence of liver function abnormality (PR = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.469–0.902). Subgroup analysis revealed that this reduction was significantly associated with the implementation of SFWMR in the female (PR = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.310–0.755) and in individuals aged ≥ 60 years (PR = 0.586, 95% CI: 0.395–0.868). Mediation analysis demonstrated that AFB1 concentrations in HMPO fully mediated the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR and the liver function abnormality (PR = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.969–0.993). Conclusion: In Guangzhou, the public health issue arising from AFB1 intake through HMPO warrants attention. The implementation of SFWMR had a positive impact on the improvement of AFB1 contamination in HMPO and the liver function. Continued efforts are necessary to strengthen the enforcement of the regulations. The exposure risks to AFB1 among high-HMPO-consumption groups also demand greater focus.",aflatoxin B 1 | home-made peanut oil | interrupted time series analysis | liver function | small food workshop,Frontiers in Public Health,2024-01-01,Article,"Lei, Jiangbo;Li, Yan;Wang, Yanyan;Zhou, Jinchang;Wu, Yuzhe;Zhang, Yuhua;Liu, Lan;Ou, Yijun;Huang, Lili;Wu, Sixuan;Guo, Xuanya;Liu, Lieyan;Peng, Rongfei;Bai, Zhijun;Zhang, Weiwei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952036730,10.1007/BF00872054,Better from the benchtop,"Suppliers have developed ingenious ways to improve the performance benchtop dispensing systems. Inexpensive, fast, flexible and easy to operate, these systems can be handheld or mounted to a Cartesian robot. Finding the right combination of time and pressure for a particular material requires some experimentation. Two common sources of variability in shot size are fluctuations in air pressure and material temperature. Assemblers can overcome that problem is dispensing from smaller syringes or starting with syringes that are less than full. When the syringe is full, the narrow end of the cone passes through the air hole of the end cap, limiting how much air pressure can he applied to the piston. The Optimeter is available for 10 and 30 cc syringe barrels. The time pressure unit is not the only game in town for benchtop dispensing. Suppliers have introduced numerous alternatives over the past few years.",,Assembly,2010-01-01,Article,"Sprovieri, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72549112067,10.1109/ICASID.2009.5280409,Comparing of reusable IP design method with RL and FSM,"IP reuse methodology is considered a good solution to the complexity of SoC(System on Chip) and the time pressure from market. Random-Logic(RL) and Finite-State-Machine(FSM) are two main implementation methods in reusable IP design. FSM method is far more widely accepted and applied by IP designers because its can describe IP at behavior level. RL design method, focusing on the specific character of the target circuit, can describe IP according to signal flow. Signals are the main object to be described in this method, and the interconnections among signals are key points in design process. The differences and relations between those two methods are studied. An IIC bus interface model is completed with those two methods respectively, it is shown that the area of the circuit designed with RL method is 20% less than that of the circuit designed with FSM method.",FSM method | IP design | RL method,"2009 3rd International Conference on Anti-counterfeiting, Security, and Identification in Communication, ASID 2009",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Shan, He;Duoli, Zhang;Yunfeng, Wang;Donghui, Guo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72249122099,10.1145/1631127.1631131,Locating case discussion segments in recorded medical team meetings,"Although there has been great interest in the issue of indexing and providing access to multimedia records of meetings, with substantial efforts directed towards collection and analysis of meeting corpora, most research in this area is based on data collected at research labs, under somewhat artificial conditions. In contrast, this paper focuses on data recorded in a real-world setting where a number of health professionals participate in weekly meetings held as part of the work routines in a major hospital. These meetings have been observed to be highly structured, a fact that is due undoubtedly to the time pressures, as well as communication and dependability constraints characteristic of the context in which the meetings happen. The hypothesis investigated in this paper is that the conversational structure of these meetings enable their segmentation into meaningful sub-units, namely individual patient case discussions, based only on data on the roles of the participants and the duration and sequence of vocalisations. We describe the task of segmenting audio-visual records of multidisciplinary medical team meetings as a topic segmentation task, present a method for automatic segmentation based on a ""content-free"" representation of conversational structure, and report the results of a series of patient case segmentation experiments. The approach presented here achieves levels of segmentation accuracy (measured in terms of the standard Pk and WD metrics) comparable to those attained by state of the art topic segmentation algorithms based on richer and combined knowledge sources. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Audio analysis | Meeting analysis | Meeting topic segmentation | Multidisciplinary medical team meetings | Patient case discussions,"3rd Workshop on Searching Spontaneous Conversational Speech, SSCS'09, Co-located with the 2009 ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM'09",2009-12-24,Conference Paper,"Luz, Saturnino",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949520184,10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb03382.x,The pressure of time,,,Medical Journal of Australia,2009-12-21,Short Survey,"Hodgkinson, Anthony H.T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74349088393,10.1016/S0164-1212(01)00067-X,Speed-accuracy tradeoff models in target-based and trajectory-based movements,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff is a very common phenomenon in many types of human motor tasks. In general, the accuracy of a movement tends to decrease when its speed increases and vise versa. This issue has been studied for more than a century, during which some alternative performance models between the speed and accuracy have been presented. In this paper, we make a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed-accuracy tradeoff models in target-based movement and trajectory-based movement, which are two main and popular task paradigms in human computer interaction. Some of the models emerged from basic research in experimental psychology and motor control theory, whereas others emerged from the specific need in HCI to model the in-teraction between users and physical devices, such as mice, keyboard and stylus. This paper summarized these models from the perspective of spatial constraint and temporal constraint for each of the target-based and trajectory-based movements. © 2009 ISSN.",Human performance model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Target-based movement | Trajectory-based movement,"International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control",2009-12-01,Article,"Zhou, Xiaolei;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450237193,10.1016/j.jmp.2009.09.002,Observing evidence accumulation during multi-alternative decisions,"Most decision-making research has focused on choices between two alternatives. For choices between many alternatives, the primary result is Hick's Law-that mean response time increases logarithmically with the number of alternatives. Various models for this result exist within specific paradigms, and there are some more general theoretical results, but none of those have been tested stringently against data. We present an experimental paradigm that supports detailed examination of multi-choice data, and analyze predictions from a Bayesian ideal observer model for this paradigm. Data from the experiment deviate from the predictions of the Bayesian model in interesting ways. A simple heuristic model based on evidence accumulation provides a good account for the data, and has attractive properties as a limit case of the Bayesian model. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Hick's Law | Optimal observer models | Probabilistic inference | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Mathematical Psychology,2009-12-01,Article,"Brown, Scott;Steyvers, Mark;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-76549115310,10.1068/p6324,Action and puzzle video games prime different speed/accuracy tradeoffs,"To understand the way in which video-game play affects subsequent perception and cognitive strategy, two experiments were performed in which participants played either a fast-action game or a puzzle-solving game. Before and after video-game play, participants performed a task in which both speed and accuracy were emphasized. In experiment 1 participants engaged in a location task in which they clicked a mouse on the spot where a target had appeared, and in experiment 2 they were asked to judge which of four shapes was most similar to a target shape. In both experiments, participants were much faster but less accurate after playing the action game, while they were slower but more accurate after playing the puzzle game. Results are discussed in terms of a taxonomy of video games by their cognitive and perceptual demands. © 2009 a Pion publication.",,Perception,2009-01-01,Article,"Nelson, Rolf A.;Strachan, Ian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951614879,10.1518/107118109x12524443344754,Speed-accuracy tradeoffs and the role of emotional stimuli on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART),"In this study we investigated the properties of the sustained attention to response task (SART). In the SART, participants respond to frequent (high probability of occurrence) neutral signals and are required to withhold response to rare (low probability of occurrence) critical signals. We examined whether SART performance shows characteristics of speed-accuracy tradeoffs and in addition, we examined whether SART performance is influenced by prior exposure to emotional picture stimuli. Thirty-three participants in this study performed SARTs after being exposed to neutral and negative picture stimuli. Performance in the SART changed rapidly over time and there was a high correlation between participants errors of commission rate and their reaction time to the neutral targets (r = -.72). SART performance was not significantly affected by emotional stimuli, but subjective reports of arousal were significantly affected by emotional stimuli.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Helton, William S.;Kern, Rosalie P.;Walker, Donieka R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-19544390056,10.1177/019145379301900204,Learning scenarios and services for an SME: Collaboration between an SME and a research team,,,Philosophy & Social Criticism,1993-01-01,Article,"Keohane, Kieran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040081869,10.1177/144078302128756651,Methodological reflections on the experimental design of time-pressure studies,"So far there have usually been only two answers to the question of what to do with dichotomies in sociology, either embrace them or attempt to synthesize them. However, this has produced merely an endless vacillation between the two positions, and a paradoxical constant reproduction of dichotomous thinking, rather than its transformation. This paper works towards a “third answer’ to the question, first, by outlining how the concept of the “Hobbesian problem of order’, as proposed by Talcott Parsons, underpins all sociological dichotomies, and why it is important to re-read Hobbes and revisit the socalled “problem of order’. Second, it explains how Bruno Latour's model of the “Constitution’ of modern thought helps us to understand the dynamics of oppositions like nature/society or agency/structure, and how the problems with dichotomies derive from only perceiving part of the Constitution, rather than all of it. The paper concludes with a discussion of one example of a type of sociology that does operate across all of Latour's Constitution because it is based on a different conception of what is problematic about social order, Norbert Elias’“figurational sociology’, as well as some observations about what we might do with sociology's Constitution from this point onwards. © 2002, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.","constitution | dichotomy | Elias | Hobbes | Latour | problem of order, | sociology",Journal of Sociology,2002-01-01,Article,"Van Krieken, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84964187933,10.1177/003803856900300233,"The mobile phone, perpetual contact and time pressure",,,Sociology,1969-01-01,Article,"Wakeford, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69249248103,10.1016/j.ress.2009.05.008,Improving the quality of manually acquired data: Applying the theory of planned behaviour to data quality,"The continued reliance of manual data capture in engineering asset intensive organisations highlights the critical role played by those responsible for recording raw data. The potential for data quality variance across individual operators also exposes the need to better manage this particular group. This paper evaluates the relative importance of the human factors associated with data quality. Using the theory of planned behaviour this paper considers the impact of attitudes, perceptions and behavioural intentions on the data collection process in an engineering asset context. Two additional variables are included, those of time pressure and operator feedback. Time pressure is argued to act as a moderator between intention and data collection behaviour, while perceived behavioural control will moderate the relationship between feedback and data collection behaviour. Overall the paper argues that the presence of best practice procedures or threats of disciplinary sanction are insufficient controls to determine data quality. Instead those concerned with improving the data collection performance of operators should consider the operator's perceptions of group attitude towards data quality, the level of feedback provided to data collectors and the impact of time pressures on procedure compliance. A range of practical recommendations are provided to those wishing to improve the quality of their manually acquired data. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Data quality | Feedback | Manual data acquisition | Operator intention | Time pressure,Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2009-12-01,Review,"Murphy, Glen D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84980283989,10.1111/j.1467-6486.1986.tb00936.x,Time constraints in design idea generation,,,Journal of Management Studies,1986-01-01,Article,"Hales, Colin P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870969606,10.1139/l93-007,Designing emergency response applications for better performance,"Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in human-computer interaction (HCI) research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on prior research findings this study proposes that information selection of target information in emergency response applications can be improved by using supplementary cues. The research is motivated by cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel and associative processing. Color-coding and location-ordering are proposed as relevant cues that can improve ERS processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental ERS is developed users' performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with the best results obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and complexity increase.",Color | Emergency response systems | Information cues | Information selection | Interface design | Location | Task complexity | Time pressure,ICIS 2009 Proceedings - Thirtieth International Conference on Information Systems,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mcnab, Anna L.;Hess, Traci J.;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870510800,10.1145/76380.76383,The role of work pressure in IT task groups: Identifying theoretical constructs,"This paper introduces the study of group work pressure (GWP) in information technology (IT) task groups. We theorize that GWP arises from demands and resources in group work and that high levels of GWP inhibit group performance. To identify the constructs of a new group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model, we solicit subjects' descriptions of factors associated with high and low pressure group work situations they have experienced. We find that GWP is composed of characteristics of the task, group, environment, and individuals in the environment. Group characteristics include expertise of the group, group history, and degree of interpersonal conflicts. Individual characteristics include task motivation, personal expertise, and positive/negative consequences. Task complexity, time pressure, and external resources available to the group complete the model tasks. The findings extend prior demands-resources research, suggesting a research model for future study and practical mechanisms for reducing undesirable effects of GWP.",Consequences | Group task demand-resources (GTD-R) model | Group work pressure (GWP) | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85116949712,10.1111/socf.12160,Market knowledge transfer and time pressure in new product development: The emergent role of knowledge intermediaries in fashion industry,,,Sociological Forum,2015-03-01,Erratum,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73649089336,10.1109/32.29489,"Interview with Dr. Heinz-Jürgen Notz, urologist in private practice, Düsseldorf: Organize love life without time pressure [Interview mit Dr. Heinz-Jürgen Notz, niedergelassener Urologe, Düsseldorf: Liebesleben ohne zeitdruck gestalten]",,,MMW-Fortschritte der Medizin,2009-12-01,Note,"Notz, Heinz Jürgen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84895283994,,Age differences in response to time pressures on information processing during decision making,"In the aging literature, it is well established that a number of basic cognitive abilities,including information processing speed, decline with age. It is also known that olderadults often develop strategies to adapt to these changes. Although the literature indecision making has examined the effect of age on decision outcomes, less research hasfocused on age differences in decision processes. This chapter reports on the findingsfrom two studies that examined how older adults use adaptive strategies to make realworlddecisions under time constraints. In Study 1, total time for decision processing waslimited. Results showed that younger and older adults used different strategies but madesimilar decisions. In the second study, the time for viewing each piece of informationwas fixed rather than self-paced. Results showed that the adaptation of the young, but notolder adults, resulted in different decisions -indicative of lowering their decisioncriteria. Consistent with Study 1, older adults increased their organization of informationsearches. Finally, differences in subsequent mood and metacognitive beliefs in Study 2suggested differential effects for the experimental manipulations used in Studies 1 and 2.Together, these studies suggest that older adults' information processing strategies areinfluenced by time pressures. © 2009 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,New Directions in Aging Research: Health and Cognition,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Schumacher, Mitzi;Jacobs-Lawson, Joy M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77149159114,10.1353/sof.0.0268,Taking on the second shift: Time allocations and time pressures of U.S. parents with preschoolers,"The term ""second shift"" from. Hochschild's (1989) classic volume is commonly used by scholars to mean that employed mothers face an unequal load of household labor and thus a ""double day"" of work. We use two representative samples of contemporary U.S. parents with preschoolers to test how mothers employed fulltime and married to a full-time worker (focal, mothers) differ in time allocations and pressures from, fathers and from, mothers employed parttime or not at all. Results indicate focal mothers' total workloads are greater than fathers' by a week-and-a-half, not an ""extra month"" per year. Focal mothers have less leisure, but do not experience more onerous types of unpaid work, nor get less sleep than fathers. Focal, mothers feel greater time pressures compared with fathers; however, some of these tensions extend to other mothers of young children. Finally, these families may be engaged in fewer quality activities with children compared with families where mothers are not employed fulltime. © The University of North Carolina Press.",,Social Forces,2009-12-01,Article,"Milkie, Melissa A.;Raley, Sara B.;Bianchi, Suzanne M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650463780,10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199908)29:10<833::AID-SPE258>3.0.CO;2-P,Measuring the impact of time pressure on team task performance,,,Safer Surgery: Analysing Behaviour in the Operating Theatre,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Mackenzie, Colin F.;Jeffcott, Shelly A.;Xiao, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955793336,10.1177/030630700903500204,Strategic decision-making: Models and methods in the face of complexity and time pressure,"The aim of this paper is to organise decision-making models and methods into one coherent matrix, using complexity (high to low) and time pressure (high to low) dimensions as relevant axes. Eight case vignettes are used to demonstrate the fit of four decision-making models and four decision making methods within high-low complexity and high-low time pressure. The arguments and the vignettes suggest that a particular decision-making model or method becomes an appropriate tool for strategic decision-makers under varying complexity and time pressure. The appropriate model or method would change when the characteristics of the environment change. Decision-making models and methods can be systematically assessed with the proposed framework. © 2009 The Braybrooke Press Ltd.",,Journal of General Management,2009-01-01,Article,"Rahman, Noushi;De Feis, George L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950043678,10.1007/s10049-009-1225-y,Emergency sonography training with an ultrasound simulator [Notfallsonographietraining am Ultraschallsimulator],"Background: Ultrasound is an integral part of emergency diagnostics. Regarding education and teaching of ultrasound diagnosis a module""Diagnosis of free intra-abdominal fluid"" for a 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound simulator was developed. Methods and concept: A free-hand recording system was coupled with a high-end ultrasound device. 3D-ultrasound volumes were produced and positioned with an electromagnetic tracking system into a mannequin. Feasibility of the ultrasound simulator was assessed during a 4 h ultrasound seminar for students and an 8 h training of postgraduates within realistic emergency scenarios both in the focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) exam. Results: Out of n=170 volumes a module of 10 virtual cases was constructed. Medical students interpreted windows of normal and pathologic findings correctly in 82% and postgraduates in 94% of cases. Conclusion: The ultrasound simulator with 3D multivolume cases may serve as a new method for realistic training in emergency ultrasound. © 2009 Springer Medizin Verlag.",Education | Emergency ultrasound | FAST | Time pressure | Ultrasound simulator,Notfall und Rettungsmedizin,2009-12-01,Article,"Schellhaas, S.;Stier, M.;Walcher, F.;Adili, F.;Schmitz-Rixen, T.;Breitkreutz, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015515239,10.1145/62266.62267,Time constraints and age: Health impact on musculoskeletal problems and perceived health,"In this paper, we describe the influence of physical proximity on the development of collaborative relationships between scientific researchers and on the execution of their work. Our evidence is drawn from our own studies of scientific collaborators, as well as from observations of research and development activities collected by other investigators. These descriptions provide the foundation for a discussion of the actual and potential role of communications technology in professional work, especially for collaborations carried out at a distance.",,"Proceedings of the 1988 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW 1988",1988-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert;Egido, Carmen;Galegher, Jolene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949464431,10.1109/ICIEEM.2009.5344580,Using the group decision making matrix to evaluate RFID supplies,"Researchers of decision making have often shown that It is a complex process that a decision maker is quick and accurate at preferences structure or ordering when he was confronted multiple objectives, multiple criteria, and multiple alternatives. Before the enterprise shifts the operation to RFID, needs to carry on the simulation or the construction feasible deliberation and the appraisal first. In the simulation process, the enterprise may understand that what benefit in essence from RFID. Moreover the enterprise may also further estimate possible impact from the RFID. This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professional knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. In this study uses group decision making Matrix to elevate the best RFID supply chain will carry effective and immediate for company. To conclude, this study may be importance in explaining the function of the InlinPreRa Model on decision making, as well as in providing decision makers with a better understanding of the process of the InlinPreRa Model. ©2009 IEEE.",Group decision making | Incomplete linguistic preference relations | InlinPreRa | RFID,IE and EM 2009 - Proceedings 2009 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Peng, Shu Chen;Wang, Tien Chin;Hsu, Shu Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859572485,,Age differences in mental workload while performing visual search task,"The main objective of this study is to investigate the age-related changes in the perceived mental workload during a visual search task. Nineteen older adults (M = 72.1 years) and fourteen younger adults (M = 22.9 years) participated. The participants were asked to detect a target while ignoring task-irrelevant singleton distractors and to estimate the perceived mental workload, using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Reaction times (RTs), sensitivity in detecting the target (d′) and response bias (P) were recorded as the performance on the visual search task. After completing the visual search task, the subjective mental workload was assessed by the NASA-TLX. The results on the visual search task showed that although the older adults' RTs were longer than those of the younger adults, there were no age-related changes with regard to d′ and β. Some differences in the NASA-TLX were found between the older and younger adults; the temporal demand score increased with age, suggesting that older adults tended to feel time pressure strongly in contrast to younger adults. These findings imply that it is important to analyze performance as well as assess the perceived mental workload when designing visual tasks suitable for older adults. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.",,Promotion of Work Ability Towards Productive Aging - Selected Papers of the 3rd International Symposium on Work Ability,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Takahara, Miwa;Miura, Toshiaki;Shinohara, Kazumitsu;Kimura, Takahiko",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21344476094,10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.381,Evaluating emergency department information technology using a simulation-based approach,"Although the popular literature on time management claims that engaging in time management behaviors results in increased job performance and satisfaction and fewer job tensions, a theoretical framework and empirical examination are lacking. To address this deficiency, the author proposed and tested a process model of time management. Employees in a variety of jobs completed several scales; supervisors provided performance ratings. Examination of the path coefficients in the model suggested that engaging in some time management behaviors may have beneficial effects on tensions and job satisfaction but not on job performance. Contrary to popular claims, time management training was not found to be effective.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1994-01-01,Article,"Macan, Therese Hoff",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859565329,10.1287/isre.1040.0012,"WAI among workers in SMEs at Wholesale, Fruits, Vegetables and Flower Market in Brazil - From research to action","The objective of this study was to evaluate the worker's work ability, work characteristics and life style, which lead of towards the comprehension of certain consequences for health and well being related to the work environment. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Wholesale and Flower Market area with around 1,000 micro and small sized companies, including shops, inspection and cleaning services, administrative sector and autonomous porters. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, life-style, health and work aspects, living and work conditions and the Work Ability Index was administered. The sample included 1,006 workers. The male population represented 86.9% of the workers (range from 15 to 73 years old), and the mean age was 33.5 years (SD=12.1). Young women had poor work ability than young men, while the opposite result was found in relation to older women and men. Work breaks had a positive correlation and ""to have a work accident during the last year"" and related risks/hazards at work (lifting and transporting heavy weight, time pressure, tiredness and stressful job) were negatively correlated with work ability. In the life style model, leisure time, physical activities, number of hours of sleep and ""sleeping well"" were correlated with work ability. The study indicated that work conditions are quite important in relation to work ability and should be considered when planning workplace health promotion and intervention actions. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.",SMEs | Work ability index | Work conditions,Promotion of Work Ability Towards Productive Aging - Selected Papers of the 3rd International Symposium on Work Ability,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Monteiro, Inês;Tuomi, Kaija;Ilmarinen, Juhani;Seitsamo, Jorma;Tuominen, Eva;Corrêa-Filho, Heleno Rodrigues",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955592771,10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.009,Using podcasting to support authentic student assessment: A case study,"Honours degree students of Public Health Nutrition carried out a half-day assignment in which they were asked to produce, under time pressure, a written press release and a short video suitable for television, on a given nutritional topic. This simulated a real-world situation that they might well face in their future employment. They were encouraged to reflect on the experience, and could use the outcomes of the assignment as evidence towards their learning objectives, assessed in their e-portfolios. © 2009 IADIS.",Authentic assessment podcast video nutrition,"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Learning 2009, Part of the IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sheridan-Ross, Jakki;McElhone, Sinead;Harrison, Gill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859247507,10.1109/TSE.1978.231521,Pressure and trust in competitive engineering,"In competitive engineering the term ""pressure"" is used frequently. Design engineers often face time pressure or cost pressure. Pressure can be described in design engineering as activities of individuals or groups which are intended to fasten or change the behavior of other individuals or groups, i.e. mainly to increase the workload one has to accomplish. Pressure can be either an incitement or an abashment. In sports research, pressure has been identified as a major influencing factor since several years and has been researched intensively [1], [2], [3]. In design research a recent focus has been on trust [4] and emotional alignment in teams [5]. Trust seems to be core to developing and maintaining a successful relationship. Trust is a main prerequisite for knowledge sharing in collaborative design; extensive pressure seems to hinder knowledge sharing and communication. This paper presents and explains the hypothesis that pressure and trust are two main influences on collaborative design productivity and that the functions and consequences of both can only be fully understood if they are considered simultaneously. The paper is based on an extensive literature review, a retrospective analysis of two design engineers, logical reasoning, and numerous discussions with colleagues in practice and academia.",Innovation | Knowledge | Pressure | Product development processes | Trust,"DS 58-9: Proceedings of ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Pulm, Udo;Stetter, Ralf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85086255048,10.1109/TR.2009.2019669,Small town water governance in developing countries: The uncertainty curse,"Despite well meaning intentions, many aid interventions fail for one reason or another. The reasons are varied: lack of consideration of local circumstances and process requirements, and in particular inadequate involvement of affected stakeholders as well as inadequate cross-sectorial coordination. This is not surprising given poor organizational memory combined with decisions being made under time pressure and strict deadlines combined with little adaptive capacity. Additionally, information about the importance of process requirements and engagement is qualitative and as such is unfortunately often given secondary importance. To address this, we suggest a Risk assessment component as part of the project design phase based on Bayesian Networks (BNs) utilizing expert and local knowledge. This not only improves organizational memory and transparency but also provides a direct link for assessing cost benefits and minimizing the risk of failure. Most importantly this prioritizes engagement, processes and an understanding of the local context. This paper describes how BNs have been developed and tested on water supply interventions in the town of Tarawa, Kiribati. Models have been populated using data from interviews and literature to evaluate water supply options, i.e. rainwater harvesting, desalination and reserve extensions; this paper reports only on the model relating to reserves extension, i.e. new reserves for protection of groundwater extracted for water distribution purposes.",Bayesian Networks (BNs) | Risk assessment | Water aid development,"18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM 2009 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Proceedings",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Moglia, M.;Perez, P.;Pope, S.;Burn, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953194452,10.4271/2008-01-2270,"Modern solutions for ground vibration testing of small, medium and large aircraft","Ground Vibration Testing (GVT) of aircraft is typically performed very late in the development process. Main purpose of the test is to obtain experimental vibration data of the whole aircraft structure for validating and improving its structural dynamic models. Among other things, these models are used to predict the flutter behaviour and carefully plan the safety-critical in-flight tests. Due to the limited availability of the aircraft for a GVT and the fact that multiple configurations need to be tested, an extreme time pressure exists to get the test results. The aim of the paper is to discuss recent hardware and software technology advancements for performing a GVT that are able to realize an important testing and analysis time reduction without compromising the accuracy of the results. The paper will also look at the connection between the GVT and the other components of the development process by indicating how the GVT can be planned using the virtual prototype of the aircraft and how the GVT data analysis results can be used to obtain a highly reliable model for flutter prediction. Although, the presented modern GVT solutions apply to all types of aircraft, the paper will discuss the application to very large aircraft, recently tested at EADS CASA on the A310 and the A330 MRTT. The paper will discuss the following: Section 1 discusses the history, challenges and trends in Ground Vibration Testing. Section 2 highlights a modern hardware and software architecture allowing a 1000+ channel GVT. Different aircraft excitation techniques and modal parameter estimation techniques will be critically assessed. The technology is extensively illustrated by means of several recent GVT cases. Section 3 discusses the integrated use Finite Element (FE) models during the GVT. The FE model available before the GVT can be used to make predictions on the aircraft dynamic behaviour and to optimize the test arrangement and duration. Afterwards, the FE model is updated to better match the test results. © 2008 SAE International.",,SAE International Journal of Aerospace,2009-12-01,Article,"Peeters, Bart;Debille, Jan;Climent, Héctor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952980547,10.1145/1738826.1738838,Understanding distributed collaboration in emergency animal disease response,"There is an increasing interest in CSCW systems for supporting emergency and crisis management. In this paper we explore work practices in emergency animal disease management focusing on the high-level analysis and decision making of the Australian Consultative Committee for Emergency Animal Disease (CCEAD) - a geographically distributed committee established to recommend action plans during animal disease outbreak. Our findings explore the ways in which they currently share and analyse information together, focusing in particular on their teleconferencing mediated meetings. Our findings highlight factors relating to the time pressure of the task, diverse configuration of the group and asymmetrical settings and how these influence the groups information sharing and communication. We use the findings to discuss implications for collaboration technologies that could support the group and broader implications for similarly structured work groups. © ACM 2009.",Distributed collaboration | Emergency response | Workplace study,"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group - Design: Open 24/7, OZCHI '09",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Li, Jane;O'Hara, Kenton",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951581729,10.1518/107118109x12524443347751,Improving tele-robotic navigation through augmented reality devices,"Navigation is an essential element in many telerobotic operations especially those that involve time pressure and complex terrains. This study demonstrates that properly designed augmented reality interfaces can significantly aid human operators in the task of land based tele-robotic navigation. Participants in this study were assigned to one of three experimental conditions (control, sonification interface, visual interface). All participants were trained in tele-robotic landmine detection and navigation, the groups performed these tasks first with augmentation (session one) and then without (session two/transfer task). The results show that participants in the sonification interface group outperformed the visual interface and control group in terms of primary task sensitivity, the number of sectors cover and the number of sectors repeated. The results further indicated that a well designed AR navigation interface could serve as an effective training tool.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Stone, Richard T.;Bisantz, Ann;Llinas, James;Paquet, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870160482,10.1109/MS.2005.73,"Agile methods: Fast-paced, but how fast?","What are the roles of time and time pressures in design and performance of agile processes for software development? How do we plan our rapid development activities given the constraints of due dates? What does it mean to be on 'internet time'? Agile methods are meant to be fast-paced, but are they fast in an effective way? How do time-pressures influence the productivity of a project team and how do they impact the motivations of developers? This paper considers the time issues in agile approaches to managing software projects and posits research propositions to guide further study of this area.",Adaptable Software Development | Software Product Development | Time Pressures,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harris, Michael L.;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867828602,10.1109/FOSE.2007.24,Protecting reinforced concrete piles against aggressive soils,"This paper discusses the durability rationale behind the need for and selection of a coating system to be applied to reinforced concrete bridge piles driven into aggressive soils along a major road alignment. It also outlines the practical difficulties encountered during the first trials and the process and changes that were required to overcome physical constraints. Whilst some guidance as to the required actions to mitigate aggressive conditions is provided in the Australian Bridge and Piling codes and various State Road Authority specifications, achieving robust and efficient solutions that are suited to the construction processes required is not easy to achieve, particularly under the time pressures associated with the delivery of a major project. This case study sets out how the site was assessed for durability design, what solutions were formulated and suggested to the design team, how the designers and constructors selected the preferred solution, how that was implemented and the quality of the application assessed during construction.",Aggressive soils | Coatings. | Corrosion. | Durability. | Reinforced concrete.,49th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2009: Corrosion and Prevention 2009,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Blin, F.;Foggin, J.;White, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951524064,10.1518/107118109x12524442636508,Measuring attention patterns and expertise of scrub nurses in the operating theatre in relation to reducing errors in surgical counts,"Cases of retained foreign objects after surgery have been a problem since the beginning of modern surgery. However, the preventive measure to this problem has remained rather primitive - through manual surgical count by scrub nurses. The process of counting is subject to errors under stressful environment, such as time pressure, distractions, and high cognitive workload. The objective of this study is to measure the differences in the performance and attention patterns according to the expertise of the scrub nurses within an operating theatre, finally drawing a conclusion on the means through which the performance of scrub nurses can be optimized to reduce chances of errors. Qualitative observations on three different types of surgery and two eye movement data collected in the operation theatre have shown both qualitative and quantitative differences in performance and behavioral patterns between expert and novice scrub nurses, suggesting that task switching, task prioritization and situation awareness are latent factors affecting their task performances.",Attention patterns | Expertise | Operating theatre | Retained surgical items | Scrub nurses | Surgical count,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Koh, Ranieri Yung Ing;Yang, Xi;Yin, Shanqing;Ong, Lay Teng;Donchin, Yoel;Park, Taezoon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949747979,10.1109/CISE.2009.5365478,Interactive GIS-based interface for time-critical application,"Many time-critical applications, such as emergency evacuation, demand decision-makers to make prompt decisions under time pressure. Therefore, it is essential to design an intuitive and interactive User Interface to present critical information to users so that they can make effective decisions in time-critical situation. Using Ajax technology, this paper designs a GIS-based, flexible and interactive User Interface for emergency evacuation system to meet the aforementioned requirements. ©2009 IEEE.",GIS-based | HCI | Time-critical | UI,"Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, CiSE 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Fan, Wenjuan;Ling, Anhong;Li, Xiang;Liu, Gang;Zhan, Jian;Li, An;Sha, Yongzhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74049090377,10.1109/IAS.2009.204,An approach to group decision making based on Incomplete Linguistic preference relations,"This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professional knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. © 2009 IEEE.",Group decision making formatting | InlinPreRa | MCDM | Multi-Criteria Incomplete Linguistic preference relations,"5th International Conference on Information Assurance and Security, IAS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Wang, Tien Chin;Peng, Shu Chen;Hsu, Shu Chen;Chang, Juifang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950501857,10.1145/1531674.1531720,Information handover in time-critical work,"Information transfer under time pressure and stress often leads to information loss. This paper studies the characteristics and problems of information handover from the emergency medical services (EMS) crew to the trauma team when a critically injured patient arrives to the trauma bay. We consider the characteristics of the handover process and the subsequent use of transferred information. Our goal is to support the design of technology for information transfer by identifying specific challenges faced by EMS crews and trauma teams during handover. Data were drawn from observation and video recording of 18 trauma resuscitations. The study shows how EMS crews report information from the field and the types of information that they include in their reports. Particular problems occur when reports lack structure, continuity, and complete descriptions of treatments given en route. We also found that trauma team members have problems retaining reported information. They pay attention to the items needed for immediately treating the patient and inquire about other items when needed during the resuscitation. The paper identifies a set of design challenges that arise during information transfer under time pressure and stress, and discusses characteristics of potential technological solutions. © 2009 ACM.",Communication | Healthcare | Information handover | Teamwork | Time-critical work | Traumatic injury,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sarcevic, Aleksandra;Burd, Randall S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85086278752,,Characteristics of outbreak-response databases: Canadian SARS example,"In 2003, SARS was a serious health concern in Canada. As of September 3 of that year, the Public Health Agency of Canada reported a total of 438 cases: 251 Probable (247 Ontario, 4 British Columbia) and 187 Suspect (128 Ontario, 46 British Columbia). Although the outbreak was short-lived, more than forty people died from the disease. A substantial database evolved as a consequence of control efforts. Specimens began to be received and tested at the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on March 17, 2003. NML's SARS database contains more than 12,000 records and 192 variables, with variables detailing clinical/ diagnostic (17), microbiological (143), epidemiological (25), and administrative (7) features. Clinical variables include: diarrhea, difficulty of breathing, severity of illness, systemic status, date of onset of illness, case status, case status modification, and case status modification date. Diagnostic variables include: fever, chest X-ray change, cough, shortness of breath, contact with probable case, travel, source of exposure, and contact type. Epidemiological data include: date of birth, age, sex, epidemiology cluster, and employment status. Administrative data include: patient's last name, first name, temporal data (date of collection of the specimen, date of its receipt, and first date of hospitalization of the patient) and spatial data (origin of specimen, and identity of the hospital). A wide variety of laboratory tests are included in the database: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA, 7 variables), Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA, 7); plaque reduction neutralization test (PRN, 3); cytopathogenic test (CPE, 2), and electron microscopy test (EM, 8). There are tests for Coronavirus (13 variables), human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 16), circovirus (Circo, 4), porcine circovirus (PCV1, 6), TT-virus (TTV, 7), TTV-like-mini-virus (TLMV, 7), Hantaanvirus (1), Rhinovirus (3), and Paramyxovirus (3). Nested PCR, RT-PCR, and sequencing tests are common among the viruses. The NML-SARS database evolved as part of an ongoing effort involving multiple institutions, multiple regions, intense time pressures, and the participation of many operational and scientific specialties (e.g., clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, administrators). Although the database arose in response to a specific disease in Canada, it can be looked upon as an example of what might typically arise from a public-health response to an outbreak of an emerging disease. Hence there is value in analysing the NML-SARS database, looking for general characteristics, and highlighting where opportunities for scientific advances exist. This is our objective. Putative characteristics of outbreak-response data sets are: ad hoc by definition; evolving database and data administration; basic assumptions (e.g., case definition) open to refinement; and insights that are often merely suggestive. Opportunities for scientific advancement include: Exploratory Data Analysis of evolving data sets; definition of a relational data model appropriate to outbreak-response data sets; improvement of statistical data modelling methodology to estimate empty blocks of cells (resulting as emerging understanding directs interest from one area to another); data analysis to refine basic assumptions made during control operations; process modelling to explore consequences of unverified insights.",Disease modelling | Outbreak-response data sets | Relational data model | SARS,"18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM 2009 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Proceedings",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cuff, Wilfred R.;Liang, Binhua;Duvvuri, Venkata R.;Wu, Jianhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951614943,10.1518/107118109x12524441079904,Design and validation of a synthetic task environment to study dynamic unmanned aerial vehicle re-planning,"A key challenge facing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators is the need to re-plan routes on-the-fly when situations change. Operators must comprehend three-dimensional (3D) scenes and a multitude of potentially competing 3D mission and routing constraints in order to successfully re-plan, often under time pressure. Currently, there is significant research interest in supporting UAV operators through automation and improved visualizations. However, development and integration of these methods requires a careful understanding of the 3D spatial awareness challenges and requirements facing operators. To facilitate this understanding, here we report the design and validation of a synthetic task environment (STE) and testbed to study UAV re-planning. The STE is derived from a recent task analysis conducted with Navy UAV operators that focused on the key 3D spatial challenges entailed in re-planning. In an initial validation of the STE implemented in a re-planning testbed, several measures of re-planning performance were assessed for 36 participants working through controlled re-planning scenarios. The presence of mountainous terrain and the spatial overlap of mission constraints were parametrically varied. Performance was consistently worse in mountainous terrain, and in more highly-constrained conditions in mountainous terrain. In flat terrain, however, less constrained conditions resulted in paradoxically worse performance. Results have both basic and applied implications. Theoretically, the study provides a bridge between applied re-planning research and classic human problem solving work by allowing apparently simpler, unconstrained re-planning to be conceived of as less bounded search through re-planning problem space. For application, the results help constrain and define the requirements for future 3D visualization and automation support for UAV re-planning displays.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cook, Maia B.;Smallman, Harvey S.;Lacson, Frank C.;Manes, Daniel I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950506590,10.1145/1531674.1531739,Creativity support in IT research organization,"All domains of human activity and society require creativity. This dissertation applies machine learning and data mining techniques to create a framework for applying emerging Human Centric Computing (HCC) systems for study and creation of creativity support tools. The proposed system collects and analyzes highresolution on-line and physically captured contextual and social data to substantially contribute to new and better understandings of workplace behavior, social and affective experience, and creative activities. Using this high granularity data, dynamic instruments that use real-time sensing and inference algorithms to provide guidance and support on events and processes related to affect and creativity will be developed and evaluated. In the long term, it is expected that this approach will lead to adaptive reflective technologies that stimulate collaborative activity, reduce time pressure and interruption, mitigate detrimental effects of negative affect, and increase individual and team creative activity and outcomes. © 2009 ACM.",Affect and creativity | Creative ubiquitous environments | Creativeit | Creativity support tools | Cscw | Human social network | Hybrid methodologies,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Tripathi, Priyamvada",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70849112950,10.1145/1531674.1531684,Effects of feedback and peer pressure on contributions to enterprise social media,"Increasingly, large organizations are experimenting with internal social media (e.g., blogs, forums) as a platform for widespread distributed collaboration. Contributions to their counterparts outside the organization's firewall are driven by attention from strangers, in addition to sharing among friends. However, employees in a workplace under time pressures may be reluctant to participate and the audience for their contributions is comparatively smaller. Participation rates also vary widely from group to group. So what influences people to contribute in this environment? In this paper, we present the results of a year-long empirical study of internal social media participation at a large technology company, and analyze the impact attention, feedback, and managers' and coworkers' participation have on employees' behavior. We find feedback in the form of posted comments is highly correlated with a user's subsequent participation. Recent manager and coworker activity relate to users initiating or resuming participation in social media. These findings extend, to an aggregate level, the results from prior interviews about blogging at the company and offer design and policy implications for organizations seeking to encourage social media adoption. © 2009 ACM.",Attention | Blogs | Contributions | Feedback | Social media,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Brzozowski, Michael J.;Sandholm, Thomas;Hogg, Tad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450164263,10.1109/HIS.2009.186,The evaluation of the incomplete linguistic preference relations on the performance of web shops,"The proposes of this study is to ascertain the effect of using Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations based group decision making under a fuzzy environment to help decision makers select the best one amongst multiple criteria and alternatives. This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professiona l knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. In this study, the Web shops' performances will be evaluated effective and immediate in this model. © 2009 IEEE.",Group decision making | InlinPreRa | MCDM | Multi-criteria incomplete linguistic preference relations,"Proceedings - 2009 9th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, HIS 2009",2009-11-27,Conference Paper,"Wang, Tien Chin;Peng, Shu Chen;Hsu, Shu Chen;Chang, Juifang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450162180,10.1109/5326.971664,Extreme reductions: Contraction of disyllables into monosyllables in Taiwan Mandarin,"This study investigates a severe form of segmental reduction known as contraction. In Taiwan Mandarin, a disyllabic word or phrase is often contracted into a monosyllabic unit in conversational speech, just as ""do not"" is often contracted into ""don't"" in English. A systematic experiment was conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of such contraction. Preliminary results show evidence that contraction is not a categorical shift but a gradient undershoot of the articulatory target as a result of time pressure. Moreover, contraction seems to occur only beyond a certain duration threshold. These findings may further our understanding of the relation between duration and segmental reduction. Copyright © 2009 ISCA.",Contraction | Duration | Reduction | Speech rate | Taiwan Mandarin | Undershoot,"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH",2009-11-26,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Chierh;Xu, Yi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350583212,10.1007/978-3-642-03655-2_99,Speed-accuracy tradeoff in trajectory-based tasks with temporal constraint,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff is a common phenomenon in many types of human motor tasks. In general, the more accurately the task is to be accomplished, the more time it takes, and vice versa. In particular, when users attempt to complete the task with a specified amount of time, the accuracy of the task can be considered as a dependent variable to measure user performance. In this paper we investigate speed-accuracy tradeoff in trajectory-based tasks with temporal constraint, through a controlled experiment that manipulates the movement time (MT) in addition to the tunnel amplitude (A) and width (W). A quantitative model is proposed and validated to predict the task accuracy in terms of lateral standard deviation (SD) of the trajectory. © 2009 Springer.",Human performance model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Temporal constraint | Trajectory-based tasks,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2009-11-06,Conference Paper,"Zhou, Xiaolei;Cao, Xiang;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023867886,10.1016/j.enfcli.2009.08.002,Does time pressure influence nurse decision making regardless of their clinical experience? [La presión del tiempo puede estar influyendo en la toma de decisiones de las enfermeras independientemente de su experiencia clínica],"The authors present a candidate unifying principle to guide software project management. Reflecting various alphabetical management theories (X, Y, Z), it is called the Theory W approach to software project management. They explain the Theory W principle and its two subsidiary principles: plan the flight and fly the plan; and, identify and manage your risks. To test the practicability of Theory W, a case study is presented and analyzed: the attempt to introduce new information systems to a large industrial corporation in an emerging nation. The analysis shows that Theory W and its subsidiary principles do an effective job both in explaining why the project encountered problems, and in prescribing ways in which the problems could have been avoided.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1988-01-01,Conference Paper,"Boehm, Barry;Ross, Rony",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349928945,10.1007/978-3-642-04133-4_11,Discovering changes of the change control board process during a software development project using process mining,"During a software process improvement program, the current state of software development processes is being assessed and improvement actions are being determined. However, these improvement actions are based on process models obtained during interviews and document studies, e.g. quality manuals. Such improvements are scarcely based on the practical way of working in an organization; they do not take into account shortcuts made due to e.g. time pressure. Becoming conscious about the presence of such deviations and understanding their causes and impacts, consequences for particular software process improvement activities in a particular organization could be proposed. This paper reports on the application of process mining techniques to discover shortcomings in the Change Control Board process in an organization during the different lifecycle phases and to determine improvement activities. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.",Performance analysis | Process mining | Software process improvement,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2009-10-19,Conference Paper,"Šamalíková, Jana;Trienekens, Jos J.M.;Kusters, Rob J.;Weijters, A. J.M.M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349739015,10.1109/ICIW.2009.96,Collaborative and transparent decision making under temporary constraint,"In this paper, we present a computing theory and its analysis for collaborative and transparent decision making under temporary constraint, i.e., cost of time pressure which decision makers face in negotiation. We have formulated the proposed computing theory based on game theory and information economics, and checked its feasibility in its applications to a case study. A general heuristics tells that the critical point of selection of proper strategies between collaboration and competition is the half time of the maximum acceptable time for negotiation. The proposed theory shows that the true critical point is the one-third of the maximum acceptable time for negotiation so that conventional decision support systems should be re-designed to select the strategy of collaboration at the much earlier stage. © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 2009 4th International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, ICIW 2009",2009-10-13,Conference Paper,"Sasaki, Hideyasu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350505827,10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.016,Efficacy of Time Pressure Management in Stroke Patients With Slowed Information Processing: A Randomized Controlled Trial,"Winkens I, Van Heugten CM, Wade DT, Habets EJ, Fasotti L. Efficacy of Time Pressure Management in stroke patients with slowed information processing: a randomized controlled trial. Objective: To examine the effects of a Time Pressure Management (TPM) strategy taught to stroke patients with mental slowness, compared with the effects of care as usual. Design: Randomized controlled trial with outcome assessments conducted at baseline, at the end of treatment (at 5-10wk), and at 3 months. Setting: Eight Dutch rehabilitation centers. Participants: Stroke patients (N=37; mean age ± SD, 51.5±9.7y) in rehabilitation programs who had a mean Barthel score ± SD at baseline of 19.6±1.1. Intervention: Ten hours of treatment teaching patients a TPM strategy to compensate for mental slowness in real-life tasks. Main Outcome Measures: Mental Slowness Observation Test and Mental Slowness Questionnaire. Results: Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (n=20) and to care as usual (n=17). After 10 hours of treatment, both groups showed a significant decline in number of complaints on the Mental Slowness Questionnaire. This decline was still present at 3 months. At 3 months, the Mental Slowness Observation Test revealed significantly higher increases in speed of performance of the TPM group in comparison with the care-as-usual group (t=-2.7, P=.01). Conclusions: Although the TPM group and the care-as-usual group both showed fewer complaints after a 3-month follow-up period, only the TPM group showed improved speed of performance on everyday tasks. Use of TPM treatment therefore is recommended when treating stroke patients with mental slowness. © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.",Cognitive therapy | Information processing | Rehabilitation | Stroke,Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,2009-10-01,Article,"Winkens, Ieke;Van Heugten, Caroline M.;Wade, Derick T.;Habets, Esther J.;Fasotti, Luciano",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951683247,10.1080/10400410903297964,"A great many things to do and not a minute to spare: Can feedback from supervisors moderate the relationship between skill variety, time pressure, and employees' innovative behavior?","Workplace changes necessitate employees' innovative behavior. Developing and implementing new ideas can be enhanced by focusing on situational characteristics and adjusting them to improve employees' working conditions. To date, mostly interactions between situational and personal characteristics on innovative behavior have been researched. This study focused explicitly on the interaction between 3 situational characteristics: Time pressure, skill variety, and feedback from supervisors. A questionnaire study was administered to 81 employees (age range 40-64 years) from different organizations. Results indicated direct positive correlations between time pressure and skill variety with idea generation and implementation. Feedback from supervisors moderated the positive relationships while controlling for effects of creative thinking abilities. Implications are explored. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Creativity Research Journal,2009-10-01,Article,"Noefer, Katrin;Stegmaier, Ralf;Molter, Beate;Sonntag, Karlheinz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72449143751,,Process-oriented dynamic route choice model,"The deliberation process is rarely considered in conventional route choice models. In this paper, the decision field theory (DFT) is used as the theoretical basis to develop a framework and to model the process-oriented vehicle dynamic route choice. The interactions of driver psychology, road conditions, and decision-making time are taken into account, and the travel time, distance, as well as the number of intersections are set as the main attributes in the model. In this way, the model is closer to the actual decision-making process. The model simulation results show that incomplete traffic information leads to ""certainty effect"", and cannot guide the driver effectively. The drivers' route choice decisions and processes depend on the drivers' characteristics, uncertainty of road conditions, as well as the time pressure which reduces quality of decision-making and cause ""reversal phenomenon"". ©2009 by Science Press.",Decision field theory | Deliberation process | Time pressure | Vehicle routing choice,Jiaotong Yunshu Xitong Gongcheng Yu Xinxi/ Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2009-10-01,Article,"Gao, Feng;Wang, Ming Zhe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70549091038,10.1016/s1570-6672(08)60082-3,Pedestrian flow characteristics analysis and model parameter calibration in comprehensive transport terminal,"Pedestrian flow characteristics analysis and model calibration constitute the base and key processes of pedestrian simulation. Field data of pedestrian flow was collected in Chinese comprehensive passenger transport terminal-Xizhimen underground station using video recording, and then selected and analyzed by statistic analysis software SPSS. Parameters relation models for pedestrian flow on different terminal facilities were established based on data statistics. The results show that the pedestrian flow-density relation model is quadratic equation an corridor; the flow-space relation model is quadratic equation when space is below a certain value and is logarithmic equation when space is above the value; the speed-density relation model is linear equation. The models on stairs show the similar characteristics, but the eigenvalue is different. Parameters of social force model were acquired based on these models. Range of semi-major axis of pedestrian ellipse in social force model was ascertained. Considering time pressure as a factor pattern, expect speed in social force model was obtained by multiplying this factor and speed-density function together. ©2009 by Science Press.",Comprehensive transport terminal | Model parameter calibration | Pedestrian flow characteristic | Traffic simulation,Jiaotong Yunshu Xitong Gongcheng Yu Xinxi/ Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2009-01-01,Article,"Jia, Hong Fei;Yang, Li Li;Tang, Ming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85190930761,10.1145/1520340.1520715,Understanding teamwork in high-risk domains through analysis of errors,"This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1985.",,Mechanics of the Middle Class: Work and Politics Among American Engineers,2024-03-29,Book,"Zussman, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69949112022,10.1007/978-3-642-03603-3_9,Improving agent bidding in power stock markets through a data mining enhanced agent platform,"Like in any other auctioning environment, entities participating in Power Stock Markets have to compete against other in order to maximize own revenue. Towards the satisfaction of their goal, these entities (agents - human or software ones) may adopt different types of strategies - from na?ve to extremely complex ones - in order to identify the most profitable goods compilation, the appropriate price to buy or sell etc, always under time pressure and auction environment constraints. Decisions become even more difficult to make in case one takes the vast volumes of historical data available into account: goods' prices, market fluctuations, bidding habits and buying opportunities. Within the context of this paper we present Cassandra, a multi-agent platform that exploits data mining, in order to extract efficient models for predicting Power Settlement prices and Power Load values in typical Day-ahead Power markets. The functionality of Cassandra is discussed, while focus is given on the bidding mechanism of Cassandra's agents, and the way data mining analysis is performed in order to generate the optimal forecasting models. Cassandra has been tested in a real-world scenario, with data derived from the Greek Energy Stock market. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.",Data Mining | Energy Stock Markets | Regression Methods | Software Agents,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2009-09-14,Conference Paper,"Chrysopoulos, Anthony C.;Symeonidis, Andreas L.;Mitkas, Pericles A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-35348992672,10.5465/AMR.2007.26586086,Memory Operations That Support Language Comprehension: Evidence From Verb-Phrase Ellipsis,"Methodological fit, an implicitly valued attribute of high-quality field research in organizations, has received little attention in the management literature. Fit refers to internal consistency among elements of a research project - research question, prior work, research design, and theoretical contribution. We introduce a contingency framework that relates prior work to the design of a research project, paying particular attention to the question of when to mix qualitative and quantitative data in a single research paper. We discuss implications of the framework for educating new field researchers. Copyright at the Academy of Management, all rights reserved.",,Academy of Management Review,2007-01-01,Article,"Edmondson, Amy C.;Mcmanus, Stacy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035531999,10.5465/AMR.2001.4378023,Conscious thought and the sustained attention to response task,"We introduce social networks theory and methods as a way of understanding mentoring in the current career context. We first introduce a typology of ""developmental networks"" using core concepts from social networks theory - network diversity and tie strength - to view mentoring as a multiple relationship phenomenon. We then propose a framework illustrating factors that shape developmental network structures and offer propositions focusing on the developmental consequences for individuals having different types of developmental networks in their careers. We conclude with strategies both for testing our propositions and for researching multiple developmental relationships further.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Review,"Higgins, Monica C.;Kram, Kathy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349305400,10.1177/0961463X09337847,Toward a psychology of chronic time pressure: Conceptual and methodological review,"Complaints about time shortage permeate contemporary western societies. Many disciplines, from sociology to economics, have been involved in research and theorizing about time shortage, in contrast to the paucity of psychological research. This review of the extant heterogeneous terminology proposes that chronic time pressure (CTP) be used as temporary overarching term, subsuming the objective component of time shortage and the subjective-emotional component of being rushed. Feeling rushed may lead to the perception of time shortage. The review explores how most previous research on CTP used surveys and time-diaries that were developed to assess time allocations and have limited usefulness in examining subjective temporal experience. The recently developed Experience Sampling Method and Daily Reconstruction Method, combined with in-depth interviews, augment existing methods and may provide detailed analyses of the being rushed component of CTP. Conceptual ties to other disciplines and to well-being and stress research are also emphasized. © 2009, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",chronic time pressure | DRM | ESM | psychology | review,Time & Society,2009-01-01,Article,"Szollos, Alex",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450162300,10.1145/1531674.1531710,"Time pressure, time saving and online shopping: Exploring a contradiction","Micro-blogs, a relatively new phenomenon, provide a new communication channel for people to broadcast information that they likely would not share otherwise using existing channels (e.g., email, phone, IM, or weblogs). Micro-blogging has become popu-lar quite quickly, raising its potential for serving as a new informal communication medium at work, providing a variety of impacts on collaborative work (e.g., enhancing information sharing, building common ground, and sustaining a feeling of connectedness among colleagues). This exploratory research project is aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of how and why people use Twitter - a popular micro-blogging tool - and exploring micro-blog's poten-tial impacts on informal communication at work. © 2009 ACM.",Informal communication | Micro-blog | Twitter,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Dejin;Rosson, Mary Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036017981,10.2307/3094890,Text Skimming: The Process and Effectiveness of Foraging Through Text Under Time Pressure,"Based on a three-year inductive field study of an attempt at radical change in a large firm, I show how middle managers displayed two seemingly opposing emotion-management patterns that facilitated beneficial adaptation for their work groups: (1) emotionally committing to personally championed change projects and (2) attending to recipients' emotions. Low emotional commitment to change led to organizational inertia, whereas high commitment to change with little attending to recipients' emotions led to chaos. The enactment of both patterns constituted emotional balancing and facilitated organizational adaptation: change, continuity in providing quality in customer service, and developing new knowledge and skills.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2002-01-01,Article,"Huy, Quy Nguyen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84909015748,10.4324/9781410607423,Effects of alcohol impairment on motorcycle riding skills,"The growing interest in multiple commitments among researchers and practitioners is evinced by the greater attention in the literature to the broader concept of work commitment. This includes specific objects of commitment, such as organization, work group, occupation, the union, and one's job. In the last several years a sizable body of research has accumulated on the multidimensional approach to commitment. This knowledge needs to be marshaled, its strengths highlighted, and its importance, as well as some of its weaknesses made known, with the aim of guiding future research on commitment based on a multidimensional approach. This book's purpose is to summarize this knowledge, as well as to suggest ideas and directions for future research. Most of the book addresses what seems to be the important aspects of commitment by a multidimensional approach: the differences among these forms, the definition and boundaries of commitment foci as part of a multidimensional approach, their interrelationships, and their effect on outcomes, mainly work outcomes. Two chapters concern aspects rarely examined--the relationship of commitment foci to aspects of nonwork domains and cross-cultural aspects of commitment foci--that should be important topics for future research. Addressing innovative focuses of multiple commitments at work, this book: * suggests a provocative and innovative approach on how to conceptualize and understand multiple commitments in the workplace; * provides a thorough and updated review of the existing research on multiple commitments; * analyzes the relationships among commitment forms and how they might affect behavior at work; and * covers topics rarely covered in multiple commitment research and includes all common scales of commitment forms that can assist researchers and practitioners in measuring commitment forms.",,Multiple Commitments in the Workplace: An Integrative Approach,2003-01-01,Book,"Cohen, Aaron",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68349135055,10.1016/j.ergon.2009.01.001,Perceived demands and musculoskeletal symptoms among employees of an Iranian petrochemical industry,"As a part of a comprehensive ergonomics program, this study was conducted among employees of an Iranian petrochemical industry to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and to examine the relationship between perceived demands and reported symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 928 randomly selected employees, corresponding to nearly 40% of all employees participated. Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire and Job Content Questionnaire were used as collecting data tools. The results showed that 73% of the study population had experienced some form of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system during the last 12 months. Knees and lower back symptoms were the most prevalent problem among the employees studied. The results revealed that perceived physical demands were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms (OR ranged from 1.45 to 2.33). Among the perceived physical demands, awkward working postures were most frequently associated with reported musculoskeletal symptoms. Association was also found between perceived psychological demands and reported symptoms. Conflicting demands, waiting on work from other people or departments, interruption that other make, working very fast and time pressure were psychological factors retained in the regression models with OR ≥ 1.49. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that any interventional program for preventing or reducing musculoskeletal symptoms among the petrochemical employees studied had to focus on reducing physical demands, particularly awkward working postures as well as psychological aspect of working environment. Relevance to industry: In petrochemical industry where employees are involved in both static and dynamic activities, determination of musculoskeletal symptoms contributing factors can be considered as a basis for planning and implementing interventional ergonomics program for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and improving working conditions. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Musculoskeletal risk factors | Musculoskeletal symptoms | Perceived demands | Petrochemical industry,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2009-09-01,Article,"Choobineh, Alireza;Sani, Gholamreza Peyvandi;Rohani, Mohsen Sharif;Pour, Mohammad Gangi;Neghab, Masoud",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539345,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393903,Pain induced by a single simulated office-work session: Time course and association with muscle blood flux and muscle activity,,,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Ancona, Deborah G.;Goodman, Paul S.;Lawrence, Barbara S.;Tushman, Michael L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4544325571,10.1007/s12094-009-0319-9,Professional burnout among Spanish medical oncologists,"Most current designs of information technology are based on the notion of supporting distinct tasks such as document production, email usage, and voice communication. In this paper we present empirical results that suggest that people organize their work in terms of much larger and thematically connected units of work. We present results of fieldwork observation of information workers in three different roles: analysts, software developers, and managers. We discovered that all of these types of workers experience a high level of discontinuity in the execution of their activities. People average about three minutes on a task and somewhat more than two minutes using any electronic tool or paper document before switching tasks. We introduce the concept of working spheres to explain the inherent way in which individuals conceptualize and organize their basic units of work. People worked in an average of ten different working spheres. Working spheres are also fragmented; people spend about 12 minutes in a working sphere before they switch to another. We argue that design of information technology needs to support people's continual switching between working spheres.",Attention management | Empirical study | Information overload | Interruptions | Time management,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2004-10-01,Conference Paper,"González, Victor M.;Mark, Gloria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67349177131,10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.10.001,A heuristic project scheduling approach for quick response to maritime disaster rescue,"Maritime disaster can cause loss of human life and economy, as well as environment damage. Also the disaster rescue is difficult for the complexity of rescue process. Disaster rescue is emergent and urgent most of the time; therefore, quick response is rather important. The existing knowledge always supplies some strategies and generates a rescue plan by human expertise manual decision-making. The rescue plan obtained manually may be not a good one due to the lack of time available for human decision-makers to make decisions. To overcome limited time pressure, while retaining minimum rescue project duration, a rescue plan for the maritime disaster rescue is obtained with the application of heuristic resource-constrained project scheduling approach in this paper. Meanwhile a heuristic algorithm is proposed to generate the minimum project duration and the activities start times. To study its performance, 20 maritime rescue examples (21-50 activities) were tested. By comparing with those generated by the manual decision-making method, the results generated by heuristic algorithm indicate high efficiency. It also identifies the critical chain of the rescue project, which can help decision-makers control the rescue process efficiently. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.",Disaster rescue | Heuristics | Resource-constrained project | Scheduling,International Journal of Project Management,2009-08-01,Article,"Yan, Liang;Jinsong, Bao;Xiaofeng, Hu;Ye, Jin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33644595351,10.1287/orsc.1050.0157,Identifying the origins of two secondary relaxations in polysaccharides,"In our study of an interactive marketing organization, we examine how members of different communities perform boundary-spanning coordination work in conditions of high speed, uncertainty, and rapid change. We find that members engage in a number of cross-boundary coordination practices that make their work visible and legible to each other, and that enable ongoing revision and alignment. Drawing on the notion of a ""trading zone,"" we suggest that by engaging in these practices, members enact a coordination structure that affords cross-boundary coordination while facilitating adaptability, speed, and learning. We also find that these coordination practices do not eliminate jurisdictional conflicts, and often generate problematic consequences such as the privileging of speed over quality, suppression of difference, loss of comprehension, misinterpretation and ambiguity, rework, and temporal pressure. After discussing our empirical findings, we explore their implications for organizations attempting to operate in the uncertain and rapidly changing contexts of postbureaucratic work. © 2006 INFORMS.",Cross-boundary coordination | Information technology | Knowledge | New organizational forms | Trading zone | Work practices,Organization Science,2006-01-01,Review,"Kellogg, Katherine C.;Orlikowski, Wanda J.;Yates, Jo Anne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242636029,10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00113-1,The effect of speed-accuracy strategy on response interference control in Parkinson's disease,"This paper describes how a team of entrepreneurs is formed in a high-tech start-up, how the team copes with crisis situations during the start-up phase, and how both the team as a whole and the team members individually learn from these crises. The progress of a high-tech university spin-off has been followed up from the idea phase until the post-start-up phase. Adopting a prospective, qualitative approach, the basic argument of this paper is that shocks in the founding team and the position of its champion co-evolve with shocks in the development of the business. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Champion | Entrepreneurial team formation | Research-based spin-off,Journal of Business Venturing,2004-01-01,Article,"Clarysse, Bart;Moray, Nathalie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67649411613,10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.010,Speed-accuracy tradeoffs in animal decision making,"The traditional emphasis when measuring performance in animal cognition has been overwhelmingly on accuracy, independent of decision time. However, more recently, it has become clear that tradeoffs exist between decision speed and accuracy in many ecologically relevant tasks, for example, prey and predator detection and identification; pollinators choosing between flower species; and spatial exploration strategies. Obtaining high-quality information often increases sampling time, especially under noisy conditions. Here we discuss the mechanisms generating such speed-accuracy tradeoffs, their implications for animal decision making (including signalling, communication and mate choice) and the significance of differences in decision strategies among species, populations and individuals. The ecological relevance of such tradeoffs can be better understood by considering the neuronal mechanisms underlying decision-making processes. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2009-07-01,Review,"Chittka, Lars;Skorupski, Peter;Raine, Nigel E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902227473,10.1016/B978-1-55860-808-5.X5000-X,Is the perception of time pressure a barrier to healthy eating and physical activity among women?,"Finally thorough pedagogical survey of the multidisciplinary science of HCI.Human-Computer Interaction spans many disciplines, from the social and behavioral sciences to information and computer technology. But of all the textbooks on HCI technology and applications, none has adequately addressed HCI's multidisciplinary foundations until now. HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks fills a huge void in the education and training of advanced HCI students. Its authors comprise a veritable house of diamonds internationally known HCI researchers, every one of whom has successfully applied a unique scientific method to solve practical problems. Each chapter focuses on a different scientific analysis or approach, but all in an identical format, especially designed to facilitate comparison of the various models.HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks answers the question raised by the other HCI textbooks: How can HCI theory can support practice in HCI?* Traces HCI research from its origins* Surveys 14 different successful research approaches in HCI* Presents each approach in a common format to facilitate comparisons* Web-enhanced with teaching tools at http://www.HCImodels.com. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",,"HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science",2003-01-01,Book,"Carroll, John M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861291441,10.1007/s00170-008-1700-5,Modeling and control of fluid dispensing processes: A state-of-the-art review,"We present data from detailed observation of 24 information workers that shows that they experience work fragmentation as common practice. We consider that work fragmentation has two components: length of time spent in an activity, and frequency of interruptions. We examined work fragmentation along three dimensions: effect of collocation, type of interruption, and resumption of work. We found work to be highly fragmented: people average little time in working spheres before switching and 57% of their working spheres are interrupted. Collocated people work longer before switching but have more interruptions. Most internal interruptions are due to personal work whereas most external interruptions are due to central work. Though most interrupted work is resumed on the same day, more than two intervening activities occur before it is. We discuss implications for technology design: how our results can be used to support people to maintain continuity within a larger framework of their working spheres. Copyright 2005 ACM.",Attention management | Empirical study | Information overload | Interruptions | Multi-tasking,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Mark, Gloria;Gonzalez, Victor M.;Harris, Justin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444538586,10.1177/0149206305279113,Musculoskeletal complaints among nurses related to patient handling tasks and psychosocial factors - Based on logbook registrations,"Team virtuality is an important factor that is gaining prominence in the literature on teams. Departing from previous research that focused on geographic dispersion, the authors define team virtuality as the extent to which team members use virtual tools to coordinate and execute team processes, the amount of informational value provided by such tools, and the synchronicity of team member virtual interaction. The authors identify the key factors that lead groups to higher levels of team virtuality and the implications of their model for management theory and practice. © 2005 Southern Management Association. All rights reserved.",Teams | Technology | Virtual | Virtuality,Journal of Management,2005-10-01,Article,"Kirkman, Bradley L.;Mathieu, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1842730408,10.1177/0969776404041417,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"This paper seeks to contrast two opposing logics of project-based learning. Accumulation and modularization of knowledge denote the key imperatives of a learning logic that is exemplified by the software ecology in Munich. Learning is geared towards moving from 'one-off' to repeatable solutions. This cumulative logic is juxtaposed with a discontinuous learning regime that is driven by the maxims of originality and creativity. 'Learning by switching' here signifies the emblematic knowledge practice that is exemplified by the London advertising ecology. The paper explores these learning modes by subsequently exploring processes of learning and forgetting within and between the core team, the firm, and the epistemic community tied together for the completion of a specific project. In addition, the paper also directs attention to more diffuse learning processes in an awareness space that extends beyond and beneath the actual production ties. Instead of mapping the awareness space along a simplistic scalar nesting of network density and knowledge types (reduced to the notorious global vs local dichotomy), the paper proposes a differentiation that primarily involves different social and communicative logics. Whereas communality signifies lasting and intense ties, sociality signifies intense and yet ephemeral relations and connectivity indicates transient and weak networks. © 2004 SAGE Publications.",Advertising | Learning | Networks | Project ecologies | Software,European Urban and Regional Studies,2004-04-01,Article,"Grabher, Gernot",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036625108,10.2307/3094806,Auditors' Efficiency Motivated Evaluation,"To better understand the factors that support or inhibit internally focused change, we conducted an inductive study of one firm's attempt to improve two of its core business processes. Our data suggest that the critical determinants of success in efforts to learn and improve are the interactions between managers' attributions about the cause of poor organizational performance and the physical structure of the workplace, particularly delays between investing in improvement and recognizing the rewards. Building on this observation, we propose a dynamic model capturing the mutual evolution of those attributions, managers' and workers' actions, and the production technology. We use the model to show how managers' beliefs about those who work for them, workers' beliefs about those who manage them, and the physical structure of the environment can coevolve to yield an organization characterized by conflict, mistrust, and control structures that prevent useful change of any type.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2002-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.;Sterman, John D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947322194,10.1109/TSE.2006.116,The effects of time pressure and experience on the performance of fall techniques during a fall,"Much of software developers' time is spent understanding unfamiliar code. To better understand how developers gain this understanding and how software development environments might be involved, a study was performed in which developers were given an unfamiliar program and asked to work on two debugging tasks and three enhancement tasks for 70 minutes. The study found that developers interleaved three activities. They began by searching for relevant code both manually and using search tools; however, they based their searches on limited and misrepresentative cues in the code, environment, and executing program, often leading to failed searches. When developers found relevant code, they followed its incoming and outgoing dependencies, often returning to it and navigating its other dependencies; while doing so, however, Eclipse's navigational tools caused significant overhead. Developers collected code and other information that they believed would be necessary to edit, duplicate, or otherwise refer to later by encoding it in the interactive state of Eclipse's package explorer, file tabs, and scroll bars. However, developers lost track of relevant code as these interfaces were used for other tasks, and developers were forced to find it again. These issues caused developers to spend, on average, 35 percent of their time performing the mechanics of navigation within and between source files. These observations suggest a new model of program understanding grounded in theories of information foraging and suggest ideas for tools that help developers seek, relate, and collect information in a more effective and explicit manner. © 2006 IEEE.",Empirical software engineering | Information foraging | Information scent | Program comprehension | Program investigation | Program understanding,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2006-12-01,Article,"Ko, Andrew J.;Myers, Brad A.;Coblenz, Michael J.;Aung, Htet Htet",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548742277,10.1109/ICSE.2007.45,"""The policeman and the part-time sales assistant"": Househo5l4d7 labour supply, family time and subjective time pressure in Australia 1997-2006","Previous research has documented the fragmented nature of software development work. To explain this in more detail, we analyzed software developers'day-to-day inform a tion n eeds. We observed seven teen developers a t a large software company and transcribed their activities in po-minute sessions. We analyzed these logs for the information that developers sought, the sources that they used, and the situations that prevented information from being acquired. We identified twenty-one information types and cataloged the outcome and source when each type of information was sought The most frequently sought information included awareness about artifacts and coworkers. The most often deferred searches included knowledge about design and program behavior, such as why code was written a particular way, what a program was supposed to do, and the cause of a program state. Developers often had to defer tasks because the only source of knowledge was unavailable coworkers. ©2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2007-09-25,Conference Paper,"Ko, Andrew J.;DeLine, Robert;Venolia, Gina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038711737,10.5465/AMR.2003.10196791,The time-harried shopper: Exploring the differences between maximizers and satisficers,"We discuss four key types of work interruptions-intrusions, breaks, distractions, and discrepancies-having different causes and consequences, and we delineate the principle features of each and specify when each kind of interruption is likely to have positive or negative consequences for the person being interrupted. By discussing in detail the multiple kinds of interruptions and their potential for positive or negative consequences, we provide a means for organizational scholars to treat interruptions and their consequences in more discriminating ways.",,Academy of Management Review,2003-01-01,Review,"Jett, Quintus R.;George, Jennifer M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642573293,10.1111/j.1540-5414.2003.02292.x,Increased cost effectiveness by higher quality planning in project engineering [Erhöhte wirtschaftlichkeit durch höhere planungsqualität der projektierung],"Interruptions are a frequent occurrence in the work life of most decision makers. This paper investigated the influence of interruptions on different types of decision-making tasks and the ability of information presentation formats, an aspect of information systems design, to alleviate them. Results from the experimental study indicate that interruptions facilitate performance on simple tasks, while inhibiting performance on more complex tasks. Interruptions also influenced the relationship between information presentation format and the type of task performed: spatial presentation formats were able to mitigate tghe effects of interruptions while symbolic formats were not. The paper presents a broad conceptualization of interruptions and interprets the ramifications of the experimental findings within this conceptualization to develop a program for future research.",Decision Making | Information Presentation Formats | Interruptions,Decision Sciences,2003-09-01,Article,"Speier, Cheri;Vessey, Iris;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868256714,10.1126/science.1222426,Contemporary design-bid-build model,"Poor individuals often engage in behaviors, such as excessive borrowing, that reinforce the conditions of poverty. Some explanations for these behaviors focus on personality traits of the poor. Others emphasize environmental factors such as housing or financial access. We instead consider how certain behaviors stem simply from having less. We suggest that scarcity changes how people allocate attention: It leads them to engage more deeply in some problems while neglecting others. Across several experiments, we show that scarcity leads to attentional shifts that can help to explain behaviors such as overborrowing. We discuss how this mechanism might also explain other puzzles of poverty.",,Science,2012-11-02,Article,"Shah, Anuj K.;Mullainathan, Sendhil;Shafir, Eldar",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27744459284,10.1177/1468794105056923,Energy drive for industrial companies [Industrielle Energieberatung],"Shadowing is a qualitative research technique that has seldom been used and rarely been discussed critically in the social science literature. This article has pulled together all of the studies using shadowing as a research method and through reviewing these studies has developed a threefold classification of different modes of shadowing. This work provides a basis for a qualitative shadowing method to be defined, and its potential for a distinctive contribution to organizational research to be discussed, for the first time. Copyright © 2005 SAGE Publications.",Literature review | Organizational research | Shadowing,Qualitative Research,2005-11-23,Article,"McDonald, Seonaidh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032657608,10.1016/S0737-6782(98)00048-4,Predicting the effects of time pressure on design work,"This study empirically investigates a wide array of factors that have been argued to differentiate fast from slow innovation processes from the perspective of the research and development organization. We test the effects of strategic orientation (criteria- and scope-related variables) and organizational capability (staffing- and structuring-related variables) on the speed of 75 new product development projects from ten large firms in several industries. Backward-elimination regression analysis revealed that (a) clear time-goals, longer tenure among team members, and parallel development increased speed, whereas (b) design for manufacturability, frequent product testing, and computer-aided design systems decreased speed. However, when projects were sorted by magnitude of change, different factors were found to influence the speed of radical and incremental projects. Moreover, some factors that speed up radical innovation (e.g., concept clarity, champion presence, co-location) were found to slow down incremental innovation. Together, the radical and incremental models explain differences in speed better than the general model. This suggests a contingency approach to speeding up innovation. Implications for researchers and managers are discussed.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,1999-01-01,Article,"Kessler, Eric H.;Chakrabarti, Alok K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650677144,10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2018636,Eliciting customer preferences for products from navigation behavior on the web: A multicriteria decision approach with implicit feedback,"The goal of raising customer loyalty in electronic commerce requires an emphasis on one-to-one marketing and personalized services. To this end, it is essential to understand individual customer preferences for products. In this paper, we present a method for identifying customer preferences and recommending the most appropriate product. The identification and recommendation of such products are all based on the use of customer's real-time web usage behavior, including activities such as viewing, basket placement, and purchasing of products. Therefore, in this approach, we do not force a customer to explicitly express his or her preference information for particular products but rather capture his or her preferences from data that result from such activities. Information on the web usage behavior for the products determines the ordinal relationships among the products, which express that certain product is preferred to other products across the multiple aspects. The ordinal relationships among the products and the multiple aspects of products lead to the consideration of a multiple-criteria decision-making approach. Thus, the problem eventually results in the identification of weights attached to the multiple criteria in the multidimensional preference space constructed by the ordinal relationships among the products. The derived weights are then used for the prioritization of products that are not included in the navigation behavior due to factors such as time pressure, cognitive burden, and the like. © 2009 IEEE.",Electronic commerce | Fuzzy linguistic quantifier | Implicit feedback | Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) | Personalized recommendations,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans",2009-05-18,Article,"Choi, Duke Hyun;Ahn, Byeog Seok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1342285662,10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00009,Effects of time pressure and communication environment on team processes and outcomes in dyadic planning,"Empirical studies of strategizing face contradictory pressures. Ethnographic approaches arc attractive, and typically expected since we need to collect data on strategists and their practices within context. We argue, however, that today's large, multinational, and highly diversified organizational settings require complimentary methods providing more breadth and flexibility. This paper discusses three particularly promising approaches (interactive discussion groups, self-reports, and practitioner-led research) that fit the increasingly disparate research paradigms now being used to understand strategizing and other management issues. Each of these approaches is based on the idea that strategizing research cannot advance significantly without reconceptualizing frequently taken-for-granted assumptions about the way to do research and the way we engage with organizational participants. The paper focuses in particular on the importance of working with organizational members as research partners rather than passive informants. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003.",,Journal of Management Studies,2003-01-01,Article,"Balogun, Julia;Huff, Anne Sigismund;Johnson, Phyl",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646548956,10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00502.x,Long-range correlations in heart rate variability during computer-mouse work under time pressure,"Objective. To describe the work environment of hospital nurses with particular focus on the performance of work systems supplying information, materials, and equipment for patient care. Data Sources. Primary observation, semistructured interviews, and surveys of hospital nurses. Study Design. We sampled a cross-sectional group of six U.S. hospitals to examine the frequency of work system failures and their impact on nurse productivity. Data Collection. We collected minute-by-minute data on the activities of 11 nurses. In addition, we conducted interviews with six of these nurses using questions related to obstacles to care. Finally, we created and administered two surveys in 48 nursing units, one for nurses and one for managers, asking about the frequency of specific work system failures. Principal Findings. Nurses we observed experienced an average of 8.4 work system failures per 8-hour shift. The five most frequent types of failures, accounting for 6.4 of these obstacles, involved medications, orders, supplies, staffing, and equipment. Survey questions asking nurses how frequently they experienced these five categories of obstacles yielded similar frequencies. For an average 8-hour shift, the average task time was only 3.1 minutes, and in spite of this, nurses were interrupted mid-task an average of eight times per shift. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that nurse effectiveness can be increased by creating improvement processes triggered by the occurrence of work system failures, with the goal of reducing future occurrences. Second, given that nursing work is fragmented and unpredictable, designing processes that are robust to interruption can help prevent errors. © Health Research and Educational Trust.",Medical errors | Nursing work environment | Work systems,Health Services Research,2006-06-01,Article,"Tucker, Anita L.;Spear, Steven J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-65249129116,10.1080/15265160902832153,"Response to open peer commentaries for ""unnecessary time pressure in refusal of life-sustaining therapies""",,,American Journal of Bioethics,2009-01-01,Article,"Cochrane, Thomas I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041702219,10.1287/mnsc.49.4.514.14423,Unnecessary time pressure in refusal of life-sustaining therapies: Fear of missing the opportunity to die,"Interruptions have commonly been viewed as negative and as something for managers to control or limit. In this paper, I explore the relationship between interruptions and acquisition of routines - a form of knowledge - by teams. Recent research suggests that interruptions may play an important role in changing organizational routines, and as such may influence knowledge transfer activities. Results suggest that interruptions influence knowledge transfer effort, and both knowledge transfer effort and interruptions are positively related to the acquisition of new work routines. I conclude with implications for research and practice.",Interruptions | Knowledge acquisition | Knowledge management | Routines | Team,Management Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Zellmer-Bruhn, Mary E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035445043,10.1016/S0737-6782(01)00099-6,Do familiar teammates request and accept more backup? Transactive memory in air traffic control,"Despite documented benefits, the processes described in the new product development literature often prove difficult to follow in practice. A principal source of such difficulties is the phenomenon of fire fighting-the unplanned allocation of resources to fix problems discovered late in a product's development cycle. While it has been widely criticized, fire fighting is a common occurrence in many product development organizations. To understand both its existence and persistence, in this article I develop a formal model of fire fighting in a multiproject development environment. The major contributions of this analysis are to suggest that: (1) fire fighting can be a self-reinforcing phenomenon; and (2) multiproject development systems are far more susceptible to this dynamic than is currently appreciated. These insights suggest that many of the current methods for aggregate resource and product portfolio planning, while necessary, are not sufficient to prevent fire fighting and the consequent low perfor mance. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2001-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957040454,10.1287/orsc.1090.0497,Does school context matter? Relations with teacher burnout and job satisfaction,"Scholars have identified benefits of viewing work as a calling, but little research has explored the notion that people are frequently unable to work in occupations that answer their callings. To develop propositions on how individuals experience and pursue unanswered callings, we conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with 31 employees across a variety of occupations. We distinguish between two types of unanswered callings-missed callings and additional callings-and propose that individuals pursue these unanswered callings by employing five different techniques to craft their jobs (task emphasizing, job expanding, and role reframing) and their leisure time (vicarious experiencing and hobby participating). We also propose that individuals experience these techniques as facilitating the kinds of pleasant psychological states of enjoyment and meaning that they associate with pursuing their unanswered callings, but also as leading to unpleasant states of regret over forgone fulfillment of their unanswered callings and stress due to difficulties in pursuing their unanswered callings. These propositions have important implications for theory and future research on callings, job crafting, and self-regulation processes. © 2010 INFORMS.",Calling | Job crafting | Psychological well-being | Regulatory focus | Self-regulation | Work orientation,Organization Science,2010-09-01,Article,"Berg, Justin M.;Grant, Adam M.;Johnson, Victoria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-60049085547,10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00774.x,Speaking one's second language under time pressure: An ERP study on verbal self-monitoring in German-Dutch bilinguals,"This study addresses how verbal self-monitoring and the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) are affected by time pressure when a task is performed in a second language as opposed to performance in the native language. German-Dutch bilinguals were required to perform a phoneme-monitoring task in Dutch with and without a time pressure manipulation. We obtained an ERN following verbal errors that showed an atypical increase in amplitude under time pressure. This finding is taken to suggest that under time pressure participants had more interference from their native language, which in turn led to a greater response conflict and thus enhancement of the amplitude of the ERN. This result demonstrates once more that the ERN is sensitive to psycholinguistic manipulations and suggests that the functioning of the verbal self-monitoring system during speaking is comparable to other performance monitoring, such as action monitoring. Copyright © 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research.",Bilingualism | ERN | Phoneme monitoring | Speech production | Time pressure | Verbal self-monitoring,Psychophysiology,2009-01-01,Article,"Ganushchak, Lesya Y.;Schiller, Niels O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746728213,10.1287/orsc.1060.0193,Testing the boundaries of the choice overload phenomenon: The effect of number of options and time pressure on decision difficulty and satisfaction,"We propose that organizations use a new framework of workday design to enhance the creativity of today's chronically overworked professionals. Although insights from creativity research have been integrated into models of work design to increase the stimulants of creativity (e.g., intrinsic motivation), this has not led to work design models that have effectively reduced the obstacles to creativity (e.g., workload pressures). As a consequence, creative output among professionals in high-workload contexts remains disappointing. In response, we offer a framework of work design that focuses on the design of entire workdays rather than the typical focus on designing either specific tasks or very broad job descriptions (e.g., as the job characteristics model in Hackman et al. 1975). Furthermore, we introduce the concept of ""mindless"" work (i.e., work that is low in both cognitive difficulty and performance pressures) as an integral part of this framework. We suggest that to enhance creativity among chronically overworked professionals, workdays should be designed to alternate between bouts of cognitively challenging and high-pressure work (as suggested in the original model by Hackman et al. 1975), and bouts of mindless work (as defined in this paper). We discuss the implications of our framework for theories of work design and creativity. © 2006 INFORMS.",Creativity | Job design | Job stress,Organization Science,2006-08-09,Review,"Elsbach, Kimberly D.;Hargadon, Andrew B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744828295,10.1093/jeg/lbi014,How can we support the commander's involvement in the planning process? An exploratory study into remote and co-located command planning,"Recent debates on learning have shifted the analytical focus from formal organizational arrangements to informal personal ties. Personal knowledge networks, though, mostly are perceived as homogenous, cohesive, and local personal ties. Moreover, a functionalist tone seems to prevail in accounts in which personal knowledge networks are seen to compensate the shortcomings of the formal organization. This paper sets out to expand the dominant construal of networks, which is largely molded by the notion of embeddedness. Against the background of in-depth empirical analysis of the project ecologies of the Hamburg advertising and the Munich software business, the paper will first venture into the neglected sphere of thin, ephemeral, and global personal knowledge networks by differentiating between connectivity, sociality, and communality networks. Second, the paper not only elucidates the supportive functions of these ties but also explores the tensions between personal interests, project goals, and the firm's aims that are induced by these personal knowledge networks. © 2006 Oxford University Press.",Advertising | Communities of practice | Knowledge transfer | Networks | Project ecologies | Software,Journal of Economic Geography,2006-06-01,Article,"Grabher, Gernot;Ibert, Oliver",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18044394777,10.1016/S0361-3682(00)00019-2,Reasoning under time pressure: a study of causal conditional inference,"There has been remarkably little study of the recruitment, training and socialization of accountants in general, much less the specific case of trainee auditors, despite many calls to do so. In this paper, we seek to explore one key aspect of professional socialization in accounting firms: the discourses and practices of time-reckoning and time-management. By exploring time practices in accounting firms we argue that the organizational socialization of trainees into particular forms of time-consciousness and temporal visioning is a fundamental aspect of securing and developing professional identity. We pay particular attention to how actors consciousness of time is understood to develop, and how it reflects their organizational and professional environment, including how they envision the future and structure their strategic life-plan accordingly. Also of particular importance to the advancement of career in accounting firms is an active engagement with the politics of time: the capacity to manipulate and resist following the overt time-management routines of the firms. Rather than simply see trainees as passive subjects of organizational time-management devices, we noted how they are actively involved in 'managing' the organizational recording of time to further their career progression. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",,"Accounting, Organizations and Society",2001-03-01,Article,"Anderson-Gough, Fiona;Grey, Christopher;Robson, Keith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036810779,10.2307/3069323,Weekly rhythms in task and time allocation of households,"Despite a growing sense that speed is critical to organizational success, how an emphasis on speed affects organizational processes remains unclear. We explored the connection between speed and decision making in a 19-month ethnographic study of an Internet start-up. Distilling our data using causal loop diagrams, we identified a potential pathology for organizations attempting to make fast decisions, the ""speed trap."" A need for fast action, traditionally conceptualized as an exogenous feature of the surrounding context, can also be a product of an organization's own past emphasis on speed. We explore the implications for research on decision making and temporal pacing.",,Academy of Management Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.;Okhuysen, Gerardo A.;Repenning, Nelson P.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539343,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393894,Antecedents of day-level proactive behavior: A look at job stressors and positive affect during the workday,"Based on a review of existing literature, we propose that two time-oriented individual differences - time urgency and time perspective - influence team members' perceptions of deadlines. We present propositions describing how time urgency and time perspective affect individuals' deadline perceptions and subsequent deadline-oriented behaviors and how different deadline perceptions and behaviors among team members affect the ability of teams to meet deadlines. We end with implications for existing theory and future research.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Waller, Mary J.;Conte, Jeffrey M.;Gibson, Cristina B.;Carpenter, Mason A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58549113755,10.1016/j.joep.2008.10.003,"Searching for a better deal - On the influence of group decision making, time pressure and gender on search behavior","We study behavior in a search experiment where sellers receive randomized bids from a computer. At any time, sellers can accept the highest standing bid or ask for another bid at positive costs. We find that sellers stop searching earlier than theoretically optimal. Inducing a mild form of time pressure strengthens this finding in the early periods. We find no significant differences in search behavior between individuals and groups of two participants. However, there are marked gender differences. Men search significantly shorter than women, and teams of two women search much longer and recall more frequently than groups with at least one man. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Gender differences | Group decision | Search experiment | Time pressure,Journal of Economic Psychology,2009-02-01,Article,"Ibanez, Marcela;Czermak, Simon;Sutter, Matthias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035242066,10.1177/0730888401028001003,"When work strain transcends psychological boundaries: An inquiry into the relationship between time pressure, irritation, work-family conflict and psychosomatic complaints","Most research on work-nonwork conflict emphasizes time allocation, evoking the metaphor of ""balancing"" time. Balance imagery is restrictive because it neglects the perceptual experience of time and the subjective meanings people assign to it. We propose an alternative metaphor of time as a ""container of meaning."" Drawing upon role-identity and self-discrepancy theories, we develop a model and propositions relating meanings derived from work and nonwork time to the experience of work-nonwork conflict. We argue that work-nonwork conflict is shaped not only by time's quantitative aspect but also by the extent to which work and nonwork time is identity affirming versus identity discrepant.",,Work and Occupations,2001-01-01,Article,"Thompson, Jeffery A.;Bunderson, J. Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149345963,10.1177/0269215508097855,"Training patients in time pressure management, a cognitive strategy for mental slowness","Purpose: To provide clinical practitioners with a framework for teaching patients Time Pressure Management, a cognitive strategy that aims to reduce disabilities arising from mental slowness due to acquired brain injury. Time Pressure Management provides patients with compensatory strategies to deal with time pressure in daily life. Application of the training in clinical practice is illustrated using two case examples from a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of Time Pressure Management for patients with stroke. Rationale: The Time Pressure Management approach is based on Michon's task analysis, describing levels of decision-making in complex cognitive tasks. Decisions with little or no time pressure are not impaired by mental slowness. Therefore, patients should try to transfer actions from situations with high time pressure to situations where the preserved decision levels with little or no time pressure can work. Theory into practice: Several factors are required to teach patients to use Time Pressure Management. First, sufficient awareness is needed to recognize that there is a deficit and behavioural change is necessary. Sufficient awareness is also required to recognize and anticipate time pressure situations and to realize that the strategy is helpful and might also be useful in new and more difficult circumstances. Second, adequate motivation is needed to learn the strategy. And finally, the training should be adjusted to the patient's individual learning abilities and cognitive skills. © SAGE Publications 2009.",,Clinical Rehabilitation,2009-01-14,Article,"Winkens, Ieke;Van Heugten, Caroline M.;Wade, Derick T.;Fasotti, Luciano",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539338,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393891,Misperceiving the speed-accuracy tradeoff: Imagined movements and perceptual decisions,"I propose a model in which I describe the way individuals experience timelessness by becoming engrossed in attractive work activities, the contextual conditions that facilitate or hinder that process, and the effects of timelessness on the creativity of organizational members. Building upon multidisciplinary perspectives, I suggest that timelessness is a constellation of four experiences: a feeling of immersion, a recognition of time distortion, a sense of mastery, and a sense of transcendence.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Mainemelis, Charalampos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042631448,10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00119-1,The perception of causes of accidents in mountain sports: A study based on the experiences of victims,"This paper explores the sources of ideas for innovation in engineering design. It shows that engineering designers involved in complex, non-routine design processes rely heavily on face-to-face conversations with other designers for solving problems and developing new innovative ideas. The research is based on a case study and survey of designers from Arup, a leading international engineering consultancy. We examine the role of different mechanisms for learning about new designs, the motivations of designers, problem-solving and limits to designers' ability to innovate. We explore how the project-based nature of the construction sector shapes the ways in which designers develop new ideas and solve problems. We suggest that among the population of designers in Arup, there are a number of different design strategies for innovating and that these can have important implications for how design is managed. We locate our approach in the research on innovation in project-based firms, outlining patterns of innovation in firms that survive on the basis of their success in winning and managing projects. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Engineering design | Innovation | Project-based firms | Tacit knowledge,Research Policy,2003-01-01,Article,"Salter, Ammon;Gann, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958098667,10.5465/AMR.2011.61031807,Modern solutions for ground vibration testing of large aircraft,"Organizations use multiple team membership to enhance individual and team productivity and learning, but this structure creates competing pressures on attention and information, which make it difficult to increase both productivity and learning. Our model describes how the number and variety of multiple team memberships drive different mechanisms, yielding distinct effects. We show how carefully balancing the number and variety of team memberships can enhance both productivity and learning. © 2011 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2011-07-01,Article,"O'Leary, Michael;Mortensen, Mark;Woolley, Anita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-29244445934,10.1109/ICMSS.2009.5302341,RETRACTED ARTICLE: Conceptual framework and key issues of project management based on knowledge management,"Recently, several innovative tools have found their way into mainstream use in modem development environments. However, most of these tools have focused on creating and modifying code, despite evidence that most of programmers' time is spent understanding code as part of maintenance tasks. If new tools were designed to directly support these maintenance tasks, what types would be most helpful? To find out, a study of expert Java programmers using Eclipse was performed. The study suggests that maintenance work consists of three activities: (1) forming a working set of task-relevant code fragments; (2) navigating the dependencies within this working set; and (3) repairing or creating the necessary code. The study identified several trends in these activities, as well as many opportunities for new tools that could save programmers up to 35% of the time they currently spend on maintenance tasks. Copyright 2005 ACM.",Design | Human Factors,"Proceedings - 27th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE05",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Ko, Andrew J.;Aung, Htet Htet;Myers, Brad A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-9144248711,10.1080/09613210412331313025,The benefits of an ontological patient model in clinical decision-support,"How can the physical design of the workplace enhance collaborations without compromising an individual's productivity? The body of research on the links between physical space and collaboration in knowledge work settings is reviewed. Collaboration is viewed as a system of behaviours that includes both social and solitary work. The social aspects of collaboration are discussed in terms of three dimensions: awareness, brief interaction and collaboration (working together). Current knowledge on the links between space and the social as well as individual aspects of collaborative work is reviewed. The central conflict of collaboration is considered: how to design effectively to provide a balance between the need to interact and the need to work effectively by oneself. The body of literature shows that features and attributes of space can be manipulated to increase awareness, interaction and collaboration. However, doing so frequently has negative impacts on individual work as a result of increases in noise distractions and interruptions to on-going work. The effects are most harmful for individual tasks requiring complex and focused mental work. The negative effects are compounded by a workplace that increasingly suffers from cognitive overload brought on by time stress, increased workload and multitasking.",Cognitive overload | Collaboration | Evidence-based design | Individual effectiveness | Interaction | Knowledge work | Office awareness | Workplace awareness | Workplace design,Building Research and Information,2004-11-01,Review,"Heerwagen, Judith H.;Kampschroer, Kevin;Powell, Kevin M.;Loftness, Vivian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242677640,10.1080/00223980309600625,Fitts' throughput and the speed-accuracy tradeoff,"The author examined the impact of time management training on self-reported procrastination. In an intervention study, 37 employees attended a 1 1/2-day time management training seminar. A control group of employees (n = 14) who were awaiting training also participated in the study to control for expectancy effects. One month after undergoing time management training, trainees reported a significant decrease in avoidance behavior and worry and an increase in their ability to manage time. The results suggest that time management training is helpful in lessening worry and procrastination at work. © 2003 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Personnel training | Procrastination | Time management | Worry,Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied,2003-01-01,Article,"Van Eerde, Wendelien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21644456183,10.1080/02642060802120166,"Perceptions of download delays: Relation to actual waits, web site abandoning, and stage of delay","Spontaneous communication is common in the workplace but can be disruptive. Such communication usually benefits the initiator more than the target of an interruption. Previous research has indicated that awareness displays showing the workload of a target can reduce the harm interruptions inflict, but can increase the cognitive load on interrupters. This paper describes an experiment testing whether team membership influences interrupters' motivation to use awareness displays and whether the informational-intensity of a display influences its utility and cost. Results indicate interrupters use awareness displays to time communication only when they and their partners are rewarded as a team and that this timing improves the target's performance on a continuous attention task. Eye-tracking data shows that monitoring an information-rich display imposes a substantial attentional cost on the interrupters, and that an abstract display provides similar benefit with less distraction. Copyright 2004 ACM.",Attention | Awareness | Coordination | Gaze Tracking | Interruption | Social Identity,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dabbish, Laura;Kraut, Robert E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867658807,10.1177/0956797612438731,The cost of interrupted work: More speed and stress,"When do people feel as if they are rich in time? Not often, research and daily experience suggest. However, three experiments showed that participants who felt awe, relative to other emotions, felt they had more time available (Experiments 1 and 3) and were less impatient (Experiment 2). Participants who experienced awe also were more willing to volunteer their time to help other people (Experiment 2), more strongly preferred experiences over material products (Experiment 3), and experienced greater life satisfaction (Experiment 3). Mediation analyses revealed that these changes in decision making and well-being were due to awe's ability to alter the subjective experience of time. Experiences of awe bring people into the present moment, and being in the present moment underlies awe's capacity to adjust time perception, influence decisions, and make life feel more satisfying than it would otherwise. © The Author(s) 2012.",decision making | emotions | preferences | time perception | well-being,Psychological Science,2012-01-01,Article,"Rudd, Melanie;Vohs, Kathleen D.;Aaker, Jennifer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037794271,10.1177/1350508403010002009,Cognitive complications moderate the speed-accuracy tradeoff in data entry: A cognitive antidote to inhibition,"This paper seeks to establish the contours of the popular workplace spirituality discourse through analysis of academic and practitioner texts and accounts of organizational practice. We identify several themes, drawing attention to potential contradictions in the notions of meaning, measurement and community, which the discourse seeks to promote. In seeking to understand the means whereby it is embodied as a source of administrative power we draw on a range of historical and contemporary organizational examples, illustrating how pastoral power is reinforced through the construction of disciplinary technologies. We argue that the workplace spirituality discourse shares Weber's acceptance of the structural conditions of capitalism and seeks to resolve the dilemmas this creates for the individual through developing an inner sense of meaning and virtue. In this respect, it represents a revival of the Protestant ethic in a way that involves re-visioning the ambivalent relationship between self and organization. We conclude that the 'Social ethic' has given way to a New Age work ethic, which relies on the management of individual metaphysics as a source of organizational, as well as personal, transformation.",Culture | New Age management | Pastoral power | Protestant ethic | Workplace spirituality,Organization,2003-05-01,Review,"Bell, Emma;Taylor, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-42949170620,10.1080/14427591.2008.9686602,"When Does Haste Make Waste? Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff, Skill Level, and the Tools of the Trade","The concept of lifestyle balance seems to have widespread acceptance in the popular press. The notion that certain lifestyle configurations might lend to better health, higher levels of life satisfaction and general well-being is readily endorsed. However, the concept has not been given significant attention in the social and behavioral sciences literature and, as a result, lacks empirical support, and an agreed upon definition. This article presents a proposed model of lifestyle balance based on a synthesis of related research, asserting that balance is a perceived congruence between desired and actual patterns of occupation across five proposed need-based occupational dimensions seen as necessary for wellbeing. It is asserted that the extent to which people find congruence and sustainability in these patterns of occupation that meet biological and psychological needs within their unique environments can lead to reduced stress, improved health, and greater life satisfaction. © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.",Activity patterns | Life activities | Need-based activity dimensions | Quality of life | Resilience | Time use | Work/life balance,Journal of Occupational Science,2008-01-01,Article,"Matuska, Kathleen M.;Christiansen, Charles H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645157294,10.2189/asqu.50.4.610,Effects of time pressure and text complexity on translators' fixations,"Knowledge work, which consists of goal-oriented activities that require high levels of competency to complete, comprises a large and increasing amount of work in modern organizations. Because knowledge work seldom has single correct results or methods for completion, externally specified, quantified measures of performance may not always be the most appropriate means for managing the performance of knowledge workers. Two competing models of flow, a type of subjective performance, are proposed and tested in a sample of work experiences from engineers, scientists, managers, and technicians who study and design national defense technologies at Sandia National Laboratories. Results support the definition and model that conceives of flow as the experience of merging situation awareness with the automatic application of activity-relevant knowledge and skills. Ways in which this definition and model of flow can be incorporated into theories of knowledge, performance, and social networks are explored. © 2005 by Johnson Graduate School, Cornell University.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2005-01-01,Article,"Quinn, Ryan W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85218006767,10.1002/9780470172391.ch7,Time pressure on consumer decision making [O efeito da pressão do tempo na tomada de decisão do consumidor],,,The Wiley Guide to Managing Projects,2007-01-01,Book Chapter,"Artto, Karlos A.;Dietrich, Perttu H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3242719556,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.12.016,A meta-analysis of the effect of time pressure on human performance,"Although electronic communication plays an important role in the modern workplace, the interruptions created by poorly-timed attempts to communicate are disruptive. Prior work suggests that sharing an indication that a person is currently busy might help to prevent such interruptions, because people could wait for a person to become available before attempting to initiate communication. We present a context-aware communication client that uses the built-in microphones of laptop computers to sense nearby speech. Combining this speech detection sensor data with location, computer, and calendar information, our system models availability for communication, a concept that is distinct from the notion of presence found in widely-used systems. In a 4 week study of the system with 26 people, we examined the use of this additional context. To our knowledge, this is the first-field study to quantitatively examine how people use automatically sensed context and availability information to make decisions about when and how to communicate with colleagues. Participants appear to have used the provided context to as an indication of presence, rather than considering availability. Our results raise the interesting question of whether sharing an indication that a person is currently unavailable will actually reduce inappropriate interruptions. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2004-09-01,Article,"Fogarty, James;Lai, Jennifer;Christensen, Jim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4544315789,10.1145/985692.985719,Perceived time pressure and the Iowa Gambling Task,"Current systems often create socially awkward interruptions or unduly demand attention because they have no way of knowing if a person is busy and should not be interrupted. Previous work has examined the feasibility of using sensors and statistical models to estimate human interruptibility in an office environment, but left open some questions about the robustness of such an approach. This paper examines several dimensions of robustness in sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility. We show that real sensors can be constructed with sufficient accuracy to drive the predictive models. We also create statistical models for a much broader group of people than was studied in prior work. Finally, we examine the effects of training data quantity on the accuracy of these models and consider tradeoffs associated with different combinations of sensors. As a whole, our analyses demonstrate that sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility can provide robust estimates for a variety of office workers in a range of circumstances, and can do so with accuracy as good as or better than people. Integrating these models into systems could support a variety of advances in human computer interaction and computer-mediated communication.",Context-aware computing | Machine learning | Managing human attention | Sensor-based interfaces | Situationally appropriate interaction,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fogarty, James;Hudson, Scott E.;Lai, Jennifer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049368469,10.1177/154193120805201905,Automation dependency and performance gains under time pressure,"Objective: An experiment tested a technique for encouraging appropriate human-automation interaction. Background: Operators often fail to make optimal use of automated aids, particularly when the aids are highly reliable. One way to discourage automation disuse might be to encourage automation dependence through time pressure. Methods: Fifty-two participants performed a simulated security screening task, searching for knives hidden in cluttered baggage x-rays. Participants were assisted by a diagnostic aid that was either 95%, 80% or 65% reliable, and were given instructions that asked them to make speeded or unspeeded decisions. Results: Participants showed higher levels of automation dependence under time pressure. This benefited overall performance in the 95% reliable condition. Conclusion: Time pressure encouraged heuristic dependence on automation aids, and benefited overall human-automation performance when the automation was highly reliable. Application: Data suggest a method for mitigating automation disuse.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Rice, Stephen;Hughes, Jamie;McCarley, Jason S.;Keller, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744797432,10.1287/mnsc.1060.0530,Challenging work as a mediator of the relationship between time pressure and employee creativity in R&D organizations,"Knowledge gathering can create problems as well as benefits for project teams in work environments characterized by overload, ambiguity, and politics. This paper proposes that the value of knowledge gathering in such environments is greater under conditions that enhance team processing, sensemaking, and buffering capabilities. The hypotheses were tested using independent quality ratings of 96 projects and survey data from 485 project-team members collected during a multimethod field study. The findings reveal that three capability-enhancing conditions moderated the relationship between knowledge gathering and project quality: slack time, organizational experience, and decision-making autonomy. More knowledge gathering helped teams to perform more effectively under favorable conditions but hurt performance under conditions that limited their capabilities to utilize that knowledge successfully. Implications for theory and research on knowledge and learning in organizations, team effectiveness, and organizational design are discussed. © 2006 INFORMS.",Capabilities | Knowledge management | Project teams | Quality | Work environment,Management Science,2006-09-11,Article,"Haas, Martine R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539344,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393892,Time pressure and the compromise and attraction effects in choice,"We examine the dynamics of temporal responsiveness - the ability of organizational actors to adapt the timing of their activities to unanticipated events. We review a broad body of psychological, economic, sociological, anthropological, and organizational research to introduce a reference point model of how people perceive and evaluate time in organizations. We then analyze how actors evaluate timing changes (changes from existing organizational schedules, routines, expectations, and plans).",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Review,"Blount, Sally;Janicik, Gregory A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049383558,,A test of intra- versus inter-modality interference as a function of time pressure in a warfighting simulation,"Useful task managers that can effectively monitor, prioritize, and distribute tasks to our warfighters are being sought. A critical need for the creation of task managers is an understanding of the conditions that lead to successful multi-tasking. The present study is an initial empirical step at increasing this understanding within the environment of a Command and Control (C2) Dynamic Targeting Cell (DTC). We examined operator performance and workload for participants deploying assets to attack enemy targets and their ability to concurrently monitor auditory or visual communications in three conditions of time-pressure (low, medium, and high). Results showed a significant impact in high time-pressure conditions, especially when operators had to process multiple sources of information from the same modality. These findings are a critical step as to understanding multi-tasking performance in C2 environments in general and with regard to communication and spatial monitoring tasks in particular.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Grier, Rebecca A.;Parasuraman, Raja;Entin, Elliot E.;Bailey, Nathan;Stelzer, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71249158804,10.1109/ISSE.2008.5276648,Balancing between cost and tester acceptance in case of new product introduction for PCB assembly,"Companies which are offering Electronic Manufacturing Services are continuously balancing among fast product introduction of customer products, high quality production and profitable operation. Our paper describes link among producability of PCB boards, process control, test system & equipments reliability and profitabile manufacturing Process control is key in PCB assembly for high quality and profitable operation, however the time pressure limits the development of product test system which is the core of control of board assembly. In order to achieve good control appropriate methods and equipments are essential assets. To be ahead of competition method and process were developed which can be used in production environment for tester system acceptance and regular check of condition of tester system. Beside of a product test coverage the production test system reliability and long term reliability is calculated with the help of statistical methods. The acceptance method can be used both for own product test system development and also for consigned equipments. ©2008 IEEE.",,"2008 31st International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Reliability and Life-time Prediction, ISSE 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jankó, Árpád;Lugosi, László",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-22544441587,10.1016/j.infoandorg.2005.02.004,Applying the Contextual Control Model (COCOM) to the identification of Situation Awareness requirements for Tactical Army Commanders,"In contemporary knowledge work organizations, work is often accomplished through communication. Consequently, communication disruptions often translate into work disruptions. In this paper, we identify two types of communication disruptions with implications for the relative organization of work: delays and interruptions. Communication delays contribute to work disorganization when a worker is unable to move forward with a task due to insufficient information, while interruptions derail the flow of activities directed toward the accomplishment of a task. Communication technologies are often designed with the intention of improving work organization by reducing communication delays (first-order effect), but the use of these technologies may, in practice, inadvertently contribute to an increase in work interruptions (second-order effect). We illustrate these first and second-order impacts of communication media use in a descriptive model. Then, using this model as our point of departure, we draw on prior research on personal control, relationships, and organizational culture to offer testable propositions regarding likely worker responses (third-order effect) to either communication delays or interruptions with further implications for the organization of work. Our argument suggests that communication technology use may not result in either more or less organized work overall but, rather, may simply shift the locus of control over the flow of work. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Communication delays | Computer-mediated communication | Disorganization | Instant messaging | Interruptions | Organization | Paradox | Personal control,Information and Organization,2005-01-01,Article,"Rennecker, Julie;Godwin, Lindsey",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036245994,10.1002/job.150,Improving shared cognition in forward surgical teams: From theory to learning strategies,"This paper describes an in-depth, qualitative exploration of helping behavior among software engineers doing the same type of work in the U.S. and India. Consistent with research describing American culture as more individualist and Indian culture as more collectivism we find that engineers at the American site provide help only to those from whom they expect to need help in the future, whereas engineers at the Indian site are more willing to help whoever needs help. However, we further find that the differences are not due to the influence of individualistic or collectivist norms per se but rather to the ways in which helping is framed in the two contexts. At the American site, the act of helping is framed as an unwanted interruption. In contrast, helping at the Indian site is framed as a desirable opportunity for skill development. These different framings reflect the combined influence of national, occupational, and organizational layers of culture in the two settings. In each case, we find that engineers help others when doing so is framed in such a way as to be perceived as helpful in achieving their career goals. Our findings have important implications for better understanding helping behavior itself and also the mechanisms through which culture influences work behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2002-06-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie;Weeks, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883628149,,Towards efficient source code plagiarism detection: An n-gram-based approach,"In this day and age, plagiarism has become a serious problem requiring the attention of the academic community at large. The problem, or plague as described in the literature, is very common in written works especially among university students due to various reasons such as time pressure, lack of understanding of what constitutes plagiarism, and the wealth of digital resources available on the Internet which make ""copy/paste "" activities almost natural! In order to deter students from submitting plagiarized work, educators must have a practical way to detect plagiarism. Currently there are many tools to help educators detect plagiarism within free-text essays [1], but only a few that focus specifically on source code plagiarism. This paper proposes a new technique based on Ngrams for this purpose. Our work improves on the stateof-the-art in this area by going beyond simple pair-wise submission comparisons as is the case with almost all techniques in the literature. Furthermore, our approach has empirically demonstrated improved efficiency compared to other approaches in the literature without noticeable sacrifices in accuracy.",Efficiency | N-grams | Plagiarism detection in source code,"21st International Conference on Computer Applications in Industry and Engineering, CAINE 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Rahal, Imad;Degiovanni, Joseph",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036746406,10.1287/orsc.13.5.583.7813,Risks in agent-supported stock market trading decision making,"In this paper, we integrate findings from three field studies of technology intensive organizations to explore the process through which change occurred. In each case, problems were well recognized but had become entrenched and had failed to generate change. Across the three sites, organizational change occurred only after some event altered the accustomed daily rhythms of work, and thus changed the way people experienced time. This finding suggests that temporal shifts - changes in a collective's experience of time - can help to facilitate organizational change. Specifically, we suggest that temporal shifts enable change in four ways: (1) by creating a trigger for change, (2) by providing resources needed for change, (3) by acting as a coordinating mechanism, and (4) by serving as a credible symbol of the need to change.",Organizational Change | Punctuated Change | Qualitative Methodology | Time and Timing,Organization Science,2002-01-01,Article,"Staudenmayer, Nancy;Tyre, Marcie;Perlow, Leslie",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958566889,10.5465/amj.2010.54533180,Frame consistency in multi-attribute risk preference decisions,"Extending the differentiation-integration view of organizational design to teams, I propose that self-managing teams engaged in knowledge-intensive work can perform more effectively by combining autonomy and external knowledge to capture the benefits of each while offsetting their risks. The complementarity between having autonomy and using external knowledge is contingent, however, on characteristics of the knowledge and the task involved. To test the hypotheses, I examined the strategic and operational effectiveness of 96 teams in a large multinational organization. Findings provide support for the theoretical model and offer implications for research on team ambidexterity and multinational management as well as team effectiveness. © Academy of Management Journal.",,Academy of Management Journal,2010-10-01,Article,"Haas, Martine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59249086945,10.1145/1404520.1404522,An approach for semantic web query approximation based on domain knowledge and user preferences,"Transitions from novice to expert often cause stress and anxiety and require specialized instruction and support to enact efficiently. While many studies have looked at novice computer science students, very little research has been conducted on professional novices. We conducted a two-month in-situ qualitative case study of new software developers in their first six months working at Microsoft. We shadowed them in all aspects of their jobs: coding, debugging, designing, and engaging with their team, and analyzed the types of tasks in which they engage. We can explain many of the behaviors revealed by our analyses if viewed through the lens of newcomer socialization from the field of organizational man-agement. This new perspective also enables us to better understand how current computer science pedagogy prepares students for jobs in the software industry. We consider the implications of this data and analysis for developing new processes for learning in both university and industrial settings to help accelerate the transition from novice to expert software developer. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Computer science pedagogy | Human aspects of software engineering | Software development | Training,ICER'08 - Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Begel, Andrew;Simon, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958134841,10.5465/AMR.2011.61031808,VASAO: Visible all sky adaptive optics: A new adaptive optics concept for CFHT,"We contribute to the microfoundations of organizational performance by proffering the construct of joint production motivation. Under such motivational conditions individuals see themselves as part of a joint endeavor, each with his or her own roles and responsibilities; generate shared representations of actions and tasks; cognitively coordinate cooperation; and choose their own behaviors in terms of joint goals. Using goal-framing theory, we explain how motivation for joint production can be managed by cognitive/symbolic management and organizational design. © 2011 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2011-07-01,Article,"Lindenberg, Siegwart;Foss, Nicolai J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2042476662,10.1108/00483480410528832,Two approaches to an information security laboratory,"One-hundred-thirty-five university faculties participated in a survey-based study of burnout. This study investigated the role of person-organization value, congruence on the experience of burnout. Also, the mediating role of burnout on the relationship between person-organization value congruence and outcomes (in congruence with Maslach, Schaufel and Leiter's theory) was examined. As predicted by a coping/withdrawal framework, burnout was associated with less time spent on teaching, service/administrative tasks, and professional development activities. To a lesser extent, burnout was associated with spending more time on non-work activities. Person-organization value congruence was strongly associated with burnout. Value congruence had direct relationships with several of the outcome variables, and, consistent with the model, burnout partially or fully mediated the relationship between congruence and satisfaction, spending less time on teaching, and on professional development activities.",Academic staff | Stress | Values,Personnel Review,2004-01-01,Article,"Siegall, Marc;McDonald, Tracy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862113522,10.1145/2207676.2207754,Human decision process toward AHP under Time-Pressed multicriteria decision problem,"We report on an empirical study where we cut off email usage for five workdays for 13 information workers in an organization. We employed both quantitative measures such as computer log data and ethnographic methods to compare a baseline condition (normal email usage) with our experimental manipulation (email cutoff). Our results show that without email, people multitasked less and had a longer task focus, as measured by a lower frequency of shifting between windows and a longer duration of time spent working in each computer window. Further, we directly measured stress using wearable heart rate monitors and found that stress, as measured by heart rate variability, was lower without email. Interview data were consistent with our quantitative measures, as participants reported being able to focus more on their tasks. We discuss the implications for managing email better in organizations. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Email | Empirical study | Interruptions | Multitasking | Sensors,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Mark, Gloria J.;Voida, Stephen;Cardello, Armand V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-62949104506,10.1109/WIIAT.2008.322,An ambient intelligent agent model using controlled model-based reasoning to determine causes and remedies for monitored problems,"This paper addresses the design of an ambient agent model that incorporates model-based reasoning methods for the analysis of internal causes of observed undesired behaviours of a human, and for determination of actions that remedy such causes. The models used are based on causal and dynamical relations and integrate numerical aspects. By the model-based reasoning methods hypotheses, observations and actions are generated. Control parameters within these processes are described that allow the ambient agent to focus the reasoning. These control parameters are related to each other and to specific domain and situation characteristics, such as time pressure, or criticality of a situation. © 2008 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, WI-IAT Workshops 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Duell, Rob;Hoogendoorn, Mark;Klein, Michel;Treur, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84990385493,10.1177/0893318902238896,"Modern solutions for ground vibration testing of small, medium and large aircraft","The authors propose a theoretical framework identifying how work group members’ experience of time is created and sustained through task-related communication structures. The model addresses 10 dimensions of time—separation, scheduling, precision, pace, present time perspective, future time perspective, flexibility, linearity, scarcity, and urgency—and proposes how three communication structures central to organizational work—coordination methods, workplace technologies, and feedback cycles—contribute to members’ temporal experience. The model incorporates the complex interplay among cultural, environmental, and individual factors as well. Testable propositions intended to guide future research are offered. © 2003, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",communication | feedback | interdependence | organizations | technology | time,Management Communication Quarterly,2003-01-01,Article,"Ballard, Dawna I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951224569,10.1016/S1553-7250(10)36021-1,Using visual analytics to maintain situation awareness in astrophysics,"Background: The environment surrounding registered nurses (RNs) has been described as fast-paced and unpredictable, and nurses' cognitive load as exceptionally heavy. Studies of interruptions and multitasking in health care are limited, and most have focused on physicians. The extent and type of interruptions and multitasking of nurses, as well as patient errors, were studied using a natural-setting observational field design. The study was conducted in seven patient care units in two Midwestern hospitals-an academic medical center and a community-based teaching hospital. Methods: A total of 35 nurses were observed for four-hour periods of time by experienced clinical nurses, who underwent training until they reached an interrater reliability of 0.90. Findings: In the 36 RN observations (total, 136 hours) 3,441 events were captured. There were a total of 1,354 interruptions, 46 hours of multitasking, and 200 errors. Nurses were interrupted 10 times per hour, or 1 interruption per 6 minutes. However, RNs in one of the hospitals had significantly more interruptions-1 interruption every 4 1/2 minutes in Hospital 1 (versus 1 every 13.3 minutes in Hospital 2). Nurses were observed to be multitasking 34% of the time (range, 23%-41%). Overall, the error rate was 1.5 per hour (1.02 per hour in Hospital 1 and 1.89 per hour in Hospital 2). Although there was no significant relationship between interruptions, multitasking, and patient errors, the results of this study show that nurses' work environment is complex and error prone. Discussion: RNs observed in both hospitals and on all patient care units experienced a high level of discontinuity in the execution of their work. Although nurses manage interruptions and multitasking well, the potential for errors is present, and strategies to decrease interruptions are needed. © Copyright 2010 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.",,Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety,2010-01-01,Article,"Kalisch, Beatrice J.;Aebersold, Michelle",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4644242291,10.1109/TITB.2004.834391,Modern solutions for ground vibration testing of large aircraft,"Hospitals are convenient settings for deployment of ubiquitous computing technology. Not only are they technology-rich environments, but their workers experience a high level of mobility resulting in information infrastructures with artifacts distributed throughout the premises. Hospital information systems (HISs) that provide access to electronic patient records are a step in the direction of providing accurate and timely information to hospital staff in support of adequate decision-making. This has motivated the introduction of mobile computing technology in hospitals based on designs which respond to their particular conditions and demands. Among those conditions is the fact that worker mobility does not exclude the need for having shared information artifacts at particular locations. In this paper, we extend a handheld-based mobile HIS with ubiquitous computing technology and describe how public displays are integrated with handheld and the services offered by these devices. Public displays become aware of the presence of physicians and nurses in their vicinity and adapt to provide users with personalized, relevant information. An agent-based architecture allows the integration of proactive components that offer information relevant to the case at hand, either from medical guidelines or previous similar cases. © 2004 IEEE.",,IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine,2004-09-01,Article,"Favela, Jesus;Rodríguez, Marcela;Preciado, Alfredo;González, Victor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646455513,10.1080/14427591.2006.9686570,Precision coating and adhesive dispensing for medical devices,"The perceived stress of time-pressures related to modern life in Western nations has heightened public interest in how lifestyles can be balanced. Conditions of apparent imbalance, such as workaholism, burnout, insomnia, obesity and circadian desynchronosis, are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse health consequences. Despite this, little research has been devoted to the study of healthy lifestyle patterns. This paper traces the concept of lifestyle balance from early history, continuing with the mental hygiene movement of the early twentieth century, and extending to the present. Relevant threads of theory and research pertaining to time use, psychological need satisfaction, role-balance, and the rhythm and timing of activities are summarized and critiqued. The paper identifies research opportunities for occupational scientists and occupational therapists, and proposes that future studies connect existing research across a common link—the identification of occupational patterns that reduce stress. The importance of such studies to guide health promotion, disease prevention and social policy decisions necessary for population health in the 21st century is emphasized. © 2006, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.",Activity patterns | Health promotion | Resiliency | Role | Stress | Time-use,Journal of Occupational Science,2006-01-01,Article,"Christiansen, Charles;Matuska, Kathleen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037409365,10.1016/S0923-4748(03)00006-7,Striatum and pre-SMA facilitate decision-making under time pressure,"The paper reports on an inductive case analysis of work patterns in a virtual multilateral (multi-organization, multi-team) development organization (VMDO) composed of a lead firm and its suppliers. These firms successfully co-developed across significant geographic boundaries a complex aerospace product, and had limited prior experience of working together. I find the lead firm's imposition of administrative standards for work content and timing to have provided an efficient basis for the resolution of task interdependencies, thereby allowing integrative work patterns to emerge. The process by which these standards were imposed is examined, and implications for the management of VMDOs are identified. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Modularized | Multilateral | Standardized | Synchronized | Virtual,Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M,2003-01-01,Article,"O'Sullivan, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960247076,10.1177/0170840611410829,The neural and computational basis of controlled speed-accuracy tradeoff during task performance,"While the subject of interruptions has received considerable attention among organizational researchers, the pervasive presence of information and communication technologies has not been adequately conceptualized. Here we consider the way knowledge workers interact with these technologies. We present fine-grained data that reveal the crucial role of mediated communication in the fragmentation of the working day. These mediated interactions, which are both frequent and short, have been commonly viewed as interruptions - as if the issue is the frequency of these single, isolated events. In contrast, we argue that knowledge workers inhabit an environment where communication technologies are ubiquitous, presenting simultaneous, multiple and ever-present calls on their attention. Such a framing employs a sociomaterial approach which reveals how contemporary knowledge work is itself a complex entanglement of social practices and the materiality of technical artefacts. Our findings show that employees engage in new work strategies as they negotiate the constant connectivity of communication media. © The Author(s) 2011.",communication technology | fragmentation | interruptions | knowledge work,Organization Studies,2011-07-01,Article,"Wajcman, Judy;Rose, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041010783,10.1002/1099-1727(200023)16:3<173::AID-SDR196>3.0.CO;2-E,Drug use and pressure ulcers in long-term care units: Do nurse time pressure and unfair management increase the prevalence?,"Managers and scholars have increasingly come to recognize the central role that design and engineering play in the overall process of delivering products to the final customer. Although significant progress has been made in the design of effective product development processes, many firms still struggle with the execution of their desired development process. In this paper a model is developed to study one hypothesis to explain why firms experience such difficulties. The analysis of the model leads to a number of new insights not present in the existing literature. First, the analysis shows that under a plausible set of assumptions product development systems have multiple steady-state modes of execution (or equilibria). This insight suggests that it is possible for product development systems to get ""trapped"" in a state of low performance. Second, the analysis highlights that, for multiple equilibria to exist, a positive loop must dominate the system. The conditions required for such dominance are also provided. Third, the analysis demonstrates that the sensitivity of the system to undesirable self-reinforcing dynamics is determined by the utilization of resources. Fourth, simulation experiments show that testing delays also play a critical role in determining the system's dynamics. Finally, one extension to the model is considered, the introduction of new development tools, and policies for performance improvement are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2000-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56349146454,10.1002/bate.200810054,Design and construction of a new bridge for the Berlin underground to replace an old structure under high time pressure [Planung und Ausführung des Ersatzneubaus einer U-Bahn-Brücke in Berlin unter Hohem Zeitdruck],"This paper is about the design and construction of a new bridge for the underground in Berlin. A new structure was necessary due to insufficient stability and serviceability of the old one. The project had to be carried out under high time pressure to avoid a decommissioning of the underground traffic. As a result of this the planning and execution phases were significantly reduced. Besides, the client provided the construction firm with the structural steel to be used for the superstructure, a potential for conflict that would need to be tackled. The project will be described from the design point of view. © Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.",,Bautechnik,2008-11-01,Article,"Scholz, Hans;Genetzke, Carsten;Wette, Klaus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149171920,10.1080/14786430802607093,Pressure dependence of the dielectric loss minimum slope for ten molecular liquids,"We present a comprehensive study of data for the dielectric relaxation of ten glass-forming organic liquids at high-pressure along isotherms, showing that the primary () high-frequency relaxation is well-characterized by the minimum slope and the width of the loss peak. The advantage of these two parameters is that they are model independent. For some materials with processes in the mHz and kHz range, the high-frequency slope tends to be [image omitted] with pressure increase. In addition, the two parameters capture the relaxation shape invariance at a given relaxation time but different combinations of pressure and time. © 2008 Taylor & Francis.",Compression | Dielectric | Minimum slope | Time pressure temperature super position | Width,Philosophical Magazine,2008-11-01,Conference Paper,"Nielsen, A. I.;Pawlus, S.;Paluch, M.;Dyre, J. C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860371110,10.1007/1-4020-4023-7_8,Dialling and driving: Factors influencing intentions to use a mobile phone while driving,"This research reports on a study of the interplay between multi-tasking and collaborative work. We conducted an ethnographic study in two different companies where we observed the experiences and practices of thirty-six information workers. We observed that people continually switch between different collaborative contexts throughout their day. We refer to activities that are thematically connected as working spheres. We discovered that to multi-task and cope with the resulting fragmentation of their work, individuals constantly renew overviews of their working spheres, they strategize how to manage transitions between contexts and they maintain flexible foci among their different working spheres. We argue that system design to support collaborative work should include the notion that people are involved in multiple collaborations with contexts that change continually. System design must take into account these continual changes: people switch between local and global perspectives of their working spheres, have varying states of awareness of their different working spheres, and are continually managing transitions between contexts due to interruptions. © 2005 Springer.",,ECSCW 2005 - Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"González, Victor M.;Mark, Gloria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0011982223,10.1016/S0959-8022(00)00006-0,Go-no-go performance in pathological gamblers,"Information technology has the capacity to change time-space configurations making new organizational forms possible. Two principal time-space configurations known as space and place are used to characterize some of the broad transformations occurring in social and organizational structures associated with the intensified use of information technology. The time- space configuration of place with its sense of boundedness, localness and particularity, is contrasted with that of space and its sense of the universal, the generalizable and the abstract. Today's evolving organizational forms reflect an increased reliance on space as a guiding image for organization design and technology deployment. Space as a guiding image brings the hope of making an organization more flexible by freeing it from the constraints of place. This is reflected in the emergence of market-based forms of organizing with their emphasis on outsourcing and inter-organizational alliances. We present an ethnographic account of outsourced computer system administrators in a company that is seeking to be a lean, knowledge-intensive, learning organization. Drawing on Bourdieu's theory of practice we explore the tensions between place and space in the firm as well as in the system administrators' work lives. We argue that place and space are always operating simultaneously in an organization, and that they provide an ongoing source of dialectic tension for the individual worker. In keeping with Bourdieu's generative structuralism, we further argue that the computer contractors' work practices, especially their practice of writing, serve to reproduce the conditions under which those tensions emerge. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.",Bourdieu | Ethnography | Work practice,"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies",2000-01-01,Article,"Schultze, Ulrike;Boland, Richard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902236519,10.1016/B978-155860808-5/50012-5,Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs and False Alarms in Bee Responses to Cryptic Predators,"This chapter presents applications of social psychological theory to the problems of group work. The subfield of human-computer interaction known as computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) attempts to build tools that help groups of people to more effectively accomplish their work, as well as their learning and play. It also examines how groups incorporate these tools into their routines and the impact that various technologies have on group processes and outcomes. CSCW systems are aimed at helping both collocated and distributed teams perform better. Inputs such as people, tasks, and technology have a dual impact on group effectiveness. They can influence outcomes directly, and they can influence outcomes by changing the ways that group members interact with one another. The way that group members interact with one another can directly influence group outcomes and can mediate the impact of inputs on the group. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",,"HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science",2003-01-01,Book Chapter,"Kraut, Robert E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40749148514,10.2307/25148827,The BUMP model of response planning: Variable horizon predictive control accounts for the speed-accuracy tradeoffs and velocity profiles of aimed movement,"In this paper, we develop a framework for understanding contribution behaviors, which we define as voluntary acts of helping others by providing information. Our focus is on why and how people make contributions in geographically distributed organizations where contributions occur primarily through information technologies. We develop a model of contribution behaviors that delineates three mediating mechanisms: (1) awareness; (2) searching and matching; and (3) formulation and delivery. We specify the cognitive and motivational elements involved in these mechanisms and the role of information technology in facilitating contributions. We discuss the implications of our framework for developing theory and for designing technology to support contribution behaviors.",Contribution behaviors | Knowledge management | Knowledge sharing,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Olivera, Fernando;Goodman, Paul S.;Tan, Sharon Swee Lin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-64949188022,10.1016/j.emj.2008.08.005,Run by run control of time-pressure dispensing for electronics encapsulation,"Recent interdisciplinary research suggests that customer and technological competencies have a direct, unconditional effect on firms' innovative performance. This study extends this stream of literature by considering the effect of organizational competencies. Results from a survey-research executed in the fast moving consumer goods industry suggest that firms that craft organizational competencies - such as improving team cohesiveness and providing slack time to foster creativity - do not directly improve their innovative performance. However, those firms that successfully combine customer, technological and organizational competencies will create more innovations that are new to the market. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Firm competencies | Radical and incremental product innovation | Team cohesiveness,European Management Journal,2009-06-01,Article,"Lokshin, Boris;Gils, Anita Van;Bauer, Eva",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861296784,10.1145/1054972.1055018,A dynamic view of technological regime concept: Toward a framework for industrial policies in developing countries,"The computer and communication systems that office workers currently use tend to interrupt at inappropriate times or unduly demand attention because they have no way to determine when an interruption is appropriate. Sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility offer a potential solution to this problem. Prior work to examine such models has primarily reported results related to social engagement, but it seems that task engagement is also important. Using an approach developed in our prior work on sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility, we examine task engagement by studying programmers working on a realistic programming task. After examining many potential sensors, we implement a system to log low-level input events in a development environment. We then automatically extract features from these low-level event logs and build a statistical model of interruptibility. By correctly identifying situations in which programmers are non-interruptible and minimizing cases where the model incorrectly estimates that a programmer is non-interruptible, we can support a reduction in costly interruptions while still allowing systems to convey notifications in a timely manner. Copyright 2005 ACM.",Context-aware computing | Interruptibility | Machine learning | Managing human attention | Sensor-based interfaces | Situationally appropriate interaction,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fogarty, James;Ko, Andrew J.;Aung, Htet Htet;Golden, Elspeth;Tang, Karen P.;Hudson, Scott E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862553698,10.5465/amr.2010.0403,Shopping enjoyment and store shopping modes: The moderating influence of chronic time pressure,"Because star employees are more visible and productive, they are likely to be sought out by others and develop an information advantage through their abundant social capital. However, not all of the information effects of stardom are beneficial. We theorize that stars' robust social capital may produce an unintended side effect of information overload. We highlight the role of human resource management in minimizing the effects of information overload for stars, and we discuss avenues for future research. © 2012 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2012-07-01,Review,"Oldroyd, James B.;Morris, Shad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855646781,10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.08.004,The effects of time pressure and experience on nurses' risk assessment decisions: A signal detection analysis,"Research shows that individuals in larger teams perform worse than individuals in smaller teams; however, very little field research examines why. The current study of 212 knowledge workers within 26 teams, ranging from 3 to 19 members in size, employs multi-level modeling to examine the underlying mechanisms. The current investigation expands upon Steiner's (1972) model of individual performance in group contexts identifying one missing element of process loss, namely relational loss. Drawing from the literature on stress and coping, relational loss, a unique form of individual level process, loss occurs when an employee perceives that support is less available in the team as team size increases. In the current study, relational loss mediated the negative relationship between team size and individual performance even when controlling for extrinsic motivation and perceived coordination losses. This suggests that larger teams diminish perceptions of available support which would otherwise buffer stressful experiences and promote performance. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Appraisal theory | Coordination | Individual performance | Multi-level theory | Perceived social support | Process loss | Team size,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2012-01-01,Article,"Mueller, Jennifer S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57449091701,10.1145/1352135.1352218,Identification of the cleaning process on combine harvesters. Part I: A fuzzy model for prediction of the material other than grain (MOG) content in the grain bin,"How do new college graduates experience their first software development jobs? In what ways are they prepared by their educational experiences, and in what ways do they struggle to be productive in their new positions? We report on a ""fly-on-the-wall"" observational study of eight recent college graduates in their first six months of a software development position at Microsoft Corporation. After a total of 85 hours of on-the-job observation, we report on the common abilities evidenced by new software developers including how to program, how to write design specifications, and evidence of persistence strategies for problem-solving. We also classify some of the common ways new software developers were observed getting stuck: communication, collaboration, technical, cognition, and orientation. We report on some common misconceptions of new developers which often frustrate them and hinder them in their jobs, and conclude with recommendations to align Computer Science curricula with the observed needs of new professional developers.",Computer science education | Human aspects of software engineering | Software development,SIGCSE'08 - Proceedings of the 39th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education,2008-12-16,Conference Paper,"Begel, Andrew;Simon, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868617312,10.1177/0001839212453028,A methodology for the comparative evaluation of alternative bioseparation technologies,"Using data from embedded participant-observers and a field experiment at the second largest mobile phone factory in the world, located in China, I theorize and test the implications of transparent organizational design on workers' productivity and organizational performance. Drawing from theory and research on learning and control, I introduce the notion of a transparency paradox, whereby maintaining observability of workers may counterintuitively reduce their performance by inducing those being observed to conceal their activities through codes and other costly means; conversely, creating zones of privacy may, under certain conditions, increase performance. Empirical evidence from the field shows that even a modest increase in group-level privacy sustainably and significantly improves line performance, while qualitative evidence suggests that privacy is important in supporting productive deviance, localized experimentation, distraction avoidance, and continuous improvement. I discuss implications of these results for theory on learning and control and suggest directions for future research. © The Author(s) 2012.",Chinese manufacturing | Field experiment | Operational control | Organizational learning | Organizational performance | Privacy | Transparency,Administrative Science Quarterly,2012-06-01,Article,"Bernstein, Ethan S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-49149087609,10.1109/TEM.2008.922630,Logistic regression modeling of construction negotiation outcomes,"Construction disputes are always negotiated before other resolution methods are considered. When it comes to negotiation, the tactics used by a negotiator is central in deriving desired outcomes. This paper reports a research that employs logistic regression (LR) to predict the probabilistic relationship between negotiator tactics and negotiation outcomes. To achieve this, three main stages of work were involved. Negotiator tactics and negotiation outcomes were first identified from literature. Then, four LR prediction models with negotiation outcomes as the dependent variable and negotiator tactics as the independent variables were constructed. Finally, these models were validated with an independent set of testing data. These models collectively suggested that: 1) increasing time pressure, taking threats, or subjecting the opponent to reality testing are inductive to ""deterioration"" negotiation outcomes; 2) providing various options and increasing flexibility would achieve ""substantial improvement"" in negotiation; 3) relationships between parties could be maintained by fair play; and 4) focusing on information exchange, giving middiscussion summaries, and offering counterproposal could clarify a party's position. Despite the skepticism over frank and open discussion of the issues and the existence of game plan, the findings of this research do support some well-established negotiation principles-focus on the issue and play down behavioral factors. © 2008 IEEE.",Construction negotiation | Logistic regression (LR) | Negotiation outcomes | Negotiator tactics,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2008-08-15,Article,"Yiu, Tak Wing;Cheung, Sai On;Chow, Pui Ting",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-41049088161,10.1177/1049732307311680,Display dimensionality and conflict geometry effects on maneuver preferences for resolving in-flight conflicts,"Since the advent of the Internet, social critics have debated its effects on intimacy and social relationships. I show how, by writing detailed descriptions of their illness experiences, participants in online support groups create emotionally vibrant, empathic communities in which emotional rhetoric frames various moral dilemmas. I illustrate my argument with a detailed analysis of ""emotion talk"" among members of an HIV/AIDS support group over a 2-year period. My findings add to current debates by encouraging sociologists to consider the emotional dynamics within the online support group as a moral, rather than just psychological or therapeutic, component of interaction. © 2007 Sage Publications.",Anger | Emotions | Empathy | HIV/AIDS | Internet | Narrative methods | Support group,Qualitative Health Research,2008-04-01,Article,"Bar-Lev, Shirly",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746607328,10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000617,Tabletop soccer: Man versus computer [Tischfußball: Mensch Versus Computer],"This paper examines how the use of mobile phones influences the temporal boundaries that people enact in order to regulate and coordinate their work and non-work activities. We investigate both the structural and interpretive aspects of socio-temporal order, so as to gain a fuller appreciation of the changes induced by the use of mobile phones. With specific reference to professionals working in traditional, physically based and hierarchically structured organizations, we found that mobile phone users are becoming more vulnerable to organizational claims and that as a result 'the office' is always present as professionals, because of the use of mobile phones, become available 'anytime'. This is enabled by the characteristics of the technology itself but also by users' own behaviour. In the paper, we discuss the properties of the emerging socio-temporal order and show how mobile phones may render the management of the social spheres in which professionals participate more challenging. © 2006 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Information systems and time | Mobile phones | Structural and interpretive properties | Temporal boundaries | Temporal order,European Journal of Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Prasopoulou, Elpida;Pouloudi, Athanasia;Panteli, Niki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247549756,10.1287/orsc.1060.0226,Impact of stress on the performance of construction project managers,"This paper develops a model of how organizations influence the temporal flexibility of professional service workers. The model starts by identifying a key source of temporal inflexibility for these workers: an inability to hand clients off among one other. Hand-offs are impeded by high levels of client-to-worker specificity, stemming from three common characteristics of professional service work. The organizational processes that reduce that specificity, and therefore facilitate hand-offs, function by (a) reshaping client participation and expectations about the nature of their service interactions, (b) partly standardizing client-related work practices, and (c) facilitating the sharing of knowledge about clients between workers. The presence of these organizational processes represents greater bureaucracy - an interesting twist, given that they create more temporal flexibility for workers. The model is grounded in field research conducted with primary care physicians, and is also evaluated using a unique survey data set of physician organizations. Implications are drawn for the study of temporal flexibility across professional services in general, as well as for recent attempts to rethink the meaning of bureaucracy for workers. © 2007 INFORMS.",Bureaucracy | Client hand-offs | Organizational processes | Professional service work | Temporal flexibility,Organization Science,2007-03-01,Article,"Briscoe, Forrest",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748494437,10.1177/0021943606292352,fMRI evidence for a dual process account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff in decision-making,"Effective communication is critical to most organizational processes, including team collaboration and decision making. Face-to-face communication is commonly assumed to be superior to all other forms of communication, yet face-to-face communication does not cope well with organizational constraints such as time pressure or the geographic distribution of team members. A partial answer in overcoming some of these constraints may be computer-mediated asynchronous communication (CMAC). CMAC enables increased and more equal team member participation, offers flexibility over time and distance, creates time for additional reflection and thought by participants, and archives a permanent record of all discussion. CMAC overcomes some of the drawbacks common to face-to-face communication in some circumstances, thus enhancing organizational communication, team collaboration, and decision-making effectiveness. © 2006 by the Association for Business Communication.",Asynchronous communication | Computer-mediated communication | Decision making | Team processes,Journal of Business Communication,2006-10-01,Article,"Berry, Gregory R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035536555,10.5465/AMR.2001.4845809,The translation of cognitive paradigms for patient research,"We seek to enrich organizational inquiry by introducing an additional level of abstraction based on theory complexity. We develop four levels of theory complexity and anchor each with well-established theoretical frameworks and research streams. After identifying the contingency approach as the simplest, we progress through cycles and competing values approaches and arrive at the chaos perspective as the most complex. We use research on time orientations, polychronicity, and entrainment to illustrate the utility of such a ladder of theoretical complexity in provoking alternative research lenses and inquiry.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph;Julian, Scott D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847284565,10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00346.x,"""Ensuring accuracy and completeness of clinical coding data in an era of increased time pressure"".","This article reviews the structural characteristics of work organizations that are likely to increase collaboration problems and tests the relationships between collaboration structure and problems using data from a survey of scientists in four fields (experimental biology, mathematics, physics, and sociology). Two groups of problems are identified: problems of coordination and misunderstandings and problems of cultural differences and information security. Greater coordination problems are associated with size, distance, interdependence, and scientific competition. Problems of culture and security are associated with size, distance, scientific competition, and commercialization. Email use is associated with reporting fewer coordination problems, but not fewer problems of culture and security, while neither phone use nor face-to-face meetings significantly reduces problems. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for designers of collaboration technologies and researchers involved in scientific collaborations. © 2007 International Communication Association.",,Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,2007-01-01,Review,"Walsh, John P.;Maloney, Nancy G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-46849083479,10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.315,The Response-Signal Method Reveals Age-Related Changes in Object Working Memory,"Sixteen healthy young adults (ages 18-32) and 16 healthy older adults (ages 67-81) completed a delayed response task in which they saw the following visual sequence: memory stimuli (2 abstract shapes; 3,000 ms), a blank delay (5,000 ms), a probe stimulus of variable duration (one abstract shape; 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ms), and a mask (500 ms). Subjects decided whether the probe stimulus matched either of the memory stimuli; they were instructed to respond during the mask, placing greater emphasis on speed than accuracy. The authors used D. L. Hintzman & T. Curran's (1994) 3-parameter compound bounded exponential model of speed-accuracy tradeoff to describe changes in discriminability associated with total processing time. Group-level analysis revealed a higher rate parameter and a higher asymptote parameter for the young adult group, but no difference across groups in x-intercept. Proxy measures of cognitive reserve (Y. Stern et al., 2005) predicted the rate parameter value, particularly in older adults. Results suggest that in working memory, aging impairs both the maximum capacity for discriminability and the rate of information accumulation, but not the temporal threshold for discriminability. © 2008 American Psychological Association.",aging | cognitive reserve | speed-accuracy tradeoff | working memory,Psychology and Aging,2008-06-01,Article,"Kumar, Arjun;Rakitin, Brian C.;Nambisan, Rohit;Habeck, Christian;Stern, Yaakov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345016407,10.1002/job.229,Time pressure in acquisition negotiations: Its determinants and effects on parties' negotiation behaviour choice,"Part-time professional employees represent an increasingly important social category that challenges traditional assumptions about the relationships between space, time, and professional work. In this article, we examine both the historical emergence of part-time professional work and the dynamics of its integration into contemporary organizations. Professional employment has historically been associated with being continuously available to one's organization, and contemporary professional jobs often bear the burden of that legacy as they are typically structured in ways that assume full-time (and greater) commitments of time to the organization. Because part-time status directly confronts that tradition, professionals wishing to work part-time may face potentially resistant work cultures. The heterogeneity of contemporary work cultures and tasks, however, presents a wide variety of levels and forms of resistance to part-time professionals. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that identifies characteristics of local work contexts that lead to the acceptance or marginalization of part-time professionals. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between a work culture's dominant interaction rituals and their effects on co-workers' and managers' reactions to part-time professionals. We then go on to examine the likely responses of part-time professionals to marginalization, based on their access to organizational resources and their motivation to engage in strategies that challenge the status quo. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2003-12-01,Article,"Lawrence, Thomas B.;Corwin, Vivien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952209808,10.1002/smj.831,Quantitative overload: A source of stress in data-entry VDT work induced by time pressure and work difficulty,"This study focuses on polychronicity as a cultural dimension of top management teams (TMTs). TMT polychronicity is the extent to which team members mutually prefer and tend to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously or intermittently instead of one at a time and believe that this is the best way of doing things. We explore the impact of TMT polychronicity on strategic decision speed and comprehensiveness and, subsequently, its effect on new venture financial performance. Contrary to popular time-management principles advocating task prioritization and focused sequential execution, we found that TMT polychronicity has a positive effect on firm performance in the context of dynamic unanalyzable environments. This effect is partially mediated by strategic decision speed and comprehensiveness. Our study contributes to research on strategic leadership by focusing on a novel value-based characteristic of the TMT (polychronicity) and by untangling the decision-making processes that relate TMT characteristics and firm performance. It also contributes to the attention-based view of the firm by positioning polychronicity as a new type of attention structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Comprehensiveness | Performance | Polychronicity | Speed | Strategic decision process | Top management teams,Strategic Management Journal,2010-06-01,Article,"Souitaris, Vangelis;Maestro, B. M.Marcello",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14644393702,10.1016/j.infsof.2004.09.001,Mental workload under time pressure can trigger frequent hot flashes in menopausal women,"The market for offshore systems development, motivated by lower costs in developing countries, is expected to increase and reach about $15 billion in the year 2007. Virtual workgroups supported by computer and communication technologies enable offshore systems development. This article discusses the limitations of using virtual work in offshore systems development, and describes development processes and management procedures amenable to virtual work in offshore development projects. It also describes a framework to use virtual work selectively, while offshore developing various types of information systems. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Global outsourcing | Global software development | Offshore systems development | Virtual work,Information and Software Technology,2005-03-31,Article,"Sakthivel, Sachidanandam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952812382,10.5465/AMLE.2011.59513272,The changing price of brand loyalty under perceived time pressure,"Our research explores academic-practitioner engagement by undertaking interviews with academics, practitioners, and other experts with relevant engagement experience. The findings highlight the problem of thinking narrowly about the different ways in which engagement takes place, as well as defining narrowly what is a worthwhile activity for management academics. We develop a framework that encompasses the main ways in which engagement takes place, and that relates these to different attitude groups among both academics and practitioners. This could provide a starting point for business schools and individual academics to develop plans and put in place the processes for better engagement.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2011-03-01,Article,"Hughes, Tim;Bence, David;Grisoni, Louise;O'Regan, Nicholas;Wornham, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749171795,10.1016/j.jml.2007.06.010,A content-addressable pointer mechanism underlies comprehension of verb-phrase ellipsis,"Interpreting a verb-phrase ellipsis (VP ellipsis) requires accessing an antecedent in memory, and then integrating a representation of this antecedent into the local context. We investigated the online interpretation of VP ellipsis in an eye-tracking experiment and four speed-accuracy tradeoff experiments. To investigate whether the antecedent for a VP ellipsis is accessed with a search or direct-access retrieval process, Experiments 1 and 2 measured the effect of the distance between an ellipsis and its antecedent on the speed and accuracy of comprehension. Accuracy was lower with longer distances, indicating that interpolated material reduced the quality of retrieved information about the antecedent. However, contra a search process, distance did not affect the speed of interpreting ellipsis. This pattern suggests that antecedent representations are content-addressable and retrieved with a direct-access process. To determine whether interpreting ellipsis involves copying antecedent information into the ellipsis site, Experiments 3-5 manipulated the length and complexity of the antecedent. Some types of antecedent complexity lowered accuracy, notably, the number of discourse entities in the antecedent. However, neither antecedent length nor complexity affected the speed of interpreting the ellipsis. This pattern is inconsistent with a copy operation, and it suggests that ellipsis interpretation may involve a pointer to extant structures in memory. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Sentence processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Verb-phrase ellipsis,Journal of Memory and Language,2008-04-01,Article,"Martin, Andrea E.;McElree, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033891852,10.1016/S0923-4748(99)00020-X,Temporal generalization under time pressure in humans,"Despite the fact that many firms are under pressure to reduce research and development (R & D) expenditures, there are few studies which test methods for containing costs associated with innovation. A multi-industry study of new product development projects suggests that development costs are lower when there are (a) high rewards for speedy development, high clarity of product concept, and low management interest in the project (criteria-related factors), (b) high use of external ideas and technologies (scope-related factor), (c) high number of product champions, low project leader's position in the organization, low project members' education level, and low team representativeness (staffing-related factors), and (d) low process overlap, low team proximity, low frequency of testing, and high use of CAD systems (structuring-related factors). The final model was significant at the p<0.001 level and explained 61% of the variance in development costs. Implications for scholars and managers are discussed.",,Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M,2000-01-01,Article,"Kessler, Eric H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958860374,10.1080/19378629.2010.520135,Time pressure leads to inhibitory control deficits in impulsive violent offenders,"Using data from interviews and field observations, this article argues that engineering needs to be understood as a much broader human social performance than traditional narratives that focus just on design and technical problem-solving. The article proposes a model of practice based on observations from all the main engineering disciplines and diverse settings in Australia and South Asia. Observations presented in the article reveal that engineers not only relegate social aspects of their work to a peripheral status but also many critical technical aspects like design checking that are omitted from prevailing narratives. The article argues that the foundation of engineering practice is distributed expertise enacted through social interactions between people: engineering relies on harnessing the knowledge, expertise and skills carried by many people, much of it implicit and unwritten knowledge. Therefore social interactions lie at the core of engineering practice. The article argues for relocating engineering studies from the curricular margins to the core of engineering teaching and research and opens new ways to resolve contested issues in engineering education. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.",Distributed expertise | Engineering education | Engineering identity | Engineering practice,Engineering Studies,2010-12-01,Article,"Trevelyan, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33751549355,10.1080/09613210601036697,Choosing the fastest movement: Perceiving speed-accuracy tradeoffs,"Recent interest in material objects - the things of everyday interaction - has led to articulations of their role in the literature on organizational knowledge and learning. What is missing is a sense of how the use of these 'things' is patterned across both industrial settings and time. This research addresses this gap with a particular emphasis on visual materials. Practices are analysed in two contrasting design settings: a capital goods manufacturer and an architectural firm. Materials are observed to be treated both as frozen, and hence unavailable for change; and as fluid, open and dynamic. In each setting temporal patterns of unfreezing and refreezing are associated with the different types of materials used. The research suggests that these differing patterns or rhythms of visual practice are important in the evolution of knowledge and in structuring social relations for delivery. Hence, to improve their performance practitioners should not only consider the types of media they use, but also reflect on the pace and style of their interactions.",Design | Knowledge | Learning | Objects | Visual practices,Building Research and Information,2007-02-01,Article,"Whyte, Jennifer K.;Ewenstein, Boris;Hales, Michael;Tidd, Joe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68949089813,10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.04.002,"Time use, time pressure and gendered behavior in early and late adolescence","In many jobs, employees must manage multiple projects or tasks at the same time. A typical workday often entails switching between several work activities, including projects, tasks, and meetings. This paper explores how such work design affects individual performance by focusing on the challenge of switching attention from one task to another. As revealed by two experiments, people need to stop thinking about one task in order to fully transition their attention and perform well on another. Yet, results indicate it is difficult for people to transition their attention away from an unfinished task and their subsequent task performance suffers. Being able to finish one task before switching to another is, however, not enough to enable effective task transitions. Time pressure while finishing a prior task is needed to disengage from the first task and thus move to the next task and it contributes to higher performance on the next task. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Attention | Task performance | Task transitions | Time,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2009-07-01,Article,"Leroy, Sophie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34547841371,10.1177/0018726707081657,Working condition factors associated with time pressure of nurses in Japanese hospitals,"Flexible work arrangements that give employees more control over when and where they work (such as part-time, flextime, and flexplace) have resulted in growing workplace trends of reduced face time, namely less visible physical time at the workplace. Most previous writings highlight negative effects on work group processes and effectiveness. In contrast, we develop a cross-level model specifying facilitating work practices that enhance group processes and effectiveness. These work practices: collaborative time management, re-definition of work contributions, proactive availability, and strategic self-presentation enhance overall awareness of others' needs in the group and overall caring about group goals, reduce process losses, and enhance group-level organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Our model presents testable propositions to guide empirical research on potentially positive effects of individual reduced face time on group outcomes. Copyright © 2007 The Tavistock Institute® SAGE Publications.",Cross-level effects on group | Discretionary behavior | Enhanced group effectiveness | Group processes | New ways of working | Organizational citizenship behavior,Human Relations,2007-08-01,Article,"Van Dyne, Linn;Kossek, Ellen;Lobel, Sharon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-31644438939,10.1108/13620430610642363,Effect of business growth on software project management issues in Indian IT industry,"Purpose - The main goal of this article is to present a new taxonomy of contingent employment that better represents the wide variety of part-time, temporary, and contract employment arrangements that have emerged since Feldman's review. Design/methodology/approach - Reviews the literature over the past 15 years. Findings - The paper suggests that contingent work arrangements can be arrayed along three dimensions: time, space, and the number/kind of employers. In addition, analysis of the recent research on contingent employment should be expanded to include worker timeliness, responsiveness, job embeddedness, citizenship behaviours, quality of work, and social integration costs. Originality/value - The article suggests that a wider range of individual differences (including education, race, citizenship, career stage, and rational demography) all serve to moderate the relationships between different kinds of contingent work arrangements and outcome variables. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Employee attitudes | Homeworking | Job satisfaction | Part time workers | Temporary workers,Career Development International,2006-02-07,Review,"Feldman, Daniel C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-24944570024,10.5465/AMJ.2005.17843945,UN Ad Hoc tribunals under time pressure - Completion strategy and referral practice of the ICTY and ICTR from the perspective of the defence,"We investigated variation in how deadlines are experienced based on whether they match culturally entrained milestones. Consequences for task performance were also examined. We manipulated starting times on two experimental tasks as prototypical (e.g., 4:00 p.m.) or atypical (e.g., 4:07 p.m). In one experiment, each of 20 task groups was to create a television commercial in one hour. Groups' time pacing and performance varied significantly, and groups with prototypical starting times performed better. In a second experiment, 73 individuals were to divide time equally between two tasks. Individuals with atypical starting times performed more poorly on their second tasks.",,Academy of Management Journal,2005-01-01,Article,"Labianca, Giuseppe;Moon, Henry;Watt, Ian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84892456640,10.1145/1518701.1518979,"Busyness, status distinction and consumption strategies of the income rich, time poor","The typical information worker is interrupted every 12 minutes, and half of the time they are interrupting themselves. However, most of the research on interruption in the area of human-computer interaction has focused on understanding and managing interruptions from external sources. Internal interruptions - user-initiated switches away from a task prior to its completion - are not well understood. In this paper we describe a qualitative study of self-interruption on the computer. Using a grounded theory approach, we identify seven categories of self-interruptions in computer-related activities. These categories are derived from direct observations of users, and describe the motivation, potential consequences, and benefits associated with each type of self-interruption observed. Our research extends the understanding of the self-interruption phenomenon, and informs the design of systems to support discretionary task interleaving on the computer. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Attention | Interruption | Multi-tasking | Self-interruption | Task switching | Work fragmentation | Work spheres,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jin, Jing;Dabbish, Laura A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57749102436,10.1287/orsc.1070.0287,Time pressure modulates electrophysiological correlates of early visual processing,"Interorganizational projects can provide a vehicle for innovation, despite the professional and organizational barriers that confront this form of organizing. The case of fire engineering shows how such projects use simulation technology as a boundary object to foster innovation in a new organizational field. Engineers use simulation technology to produce radical changes in fire control and management, such as using elevators to evacuate buildings during emergencies. A framework is developed that explores how decisions can be reached and tensions resolved amongst multiple, diverse, and discordant actors striving for a shared appreciation of negotiated futures. This framework extends theories of engineering knowledge and boundary objects. It sheds new light on how to organize collective, knowledge-based work to produce reliable and innovative designs. © 2007 INFORMS.",Boundary objects | Engineering knowledge | Innovation | Projects | Simulation,Organization Science,2007-09-01,Article,"Dodgson, Mark;Gann, David M.;Salter, Ammon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38749129137,10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.029,Classification of fatal firefighter accidents in the Netherlands: Time pressure and aim of the suppression activity,"Fire fighting is a risky profession. The risks however differ per turn out. Sometimes time pressure is high and human lives are at stake. In other situations, there is hardly any time pressure and repression is only aimed at damage control. We analyzed all sufficiently documented fatal fire fighter fire suppression accidents (36 accidents causing 66 fatalities) in the Netherlands since 1946. Based upon in-depth analysis, these accidents were classified into 4 situations: high time pressure and human rescue human (6 fatalities), low time pressure and human rescue (1), high time pressure and damage control (41), and low time pressure and damage control (18). These numbers were related to the number of turn outs in each of these situations. This analysis revealed that in situations where human rescue is necessary, relatively few fire fighters got killed. In particular in the category of high time pressure and damage control a disproportional large amount of fire fighters got killed. In addition, high time pressure in general causes a disproportional amount of fatalities among fire fighters. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Damage control | Fire fighting | Human rescue | Occupational accidents | Operational decision making | Time pressure,Safety Science,2008-02-01,Article,"Rosmuller, N.;Ale, B. J.M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908577276,10.1145/2632048.2632062,Inferences under time pressure: How opportunity costs affect strategy selection,"The mobile phone represents a unique platform for interactive applications that can harness the opportunity of an immediate contact with a user in order to increase the impact of the delivered information. However, this accessibility does not necessarily translate to reachability, as recipients might refuse an initiated contact or disfavor a message that comes in an inappropriate moment./// In this paper we seek to answer whether, and how, suitable moments for interruption can be identified and utilized in a mobile system. We gather and analyze a real-world smartphone data trace and show that users' broader context, including their activity, location, time of day, emotions and engagement, determine different aspects of interruptibility. We then design and implement InterruptMe, an interruption management library for Android smartphones. An extensive experiment shows that, compared to a context-unaware approach, interruptions elicited through our library result in increased user satisfaction and shorter response times.",Context-aware computing | Interruptibility | Machine learning | Mobile sensing,UbiComp 2014 - Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Pejovic, Veljko;Musolesi, Mirco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908936983,10.4324/9780203889312,Time pressures often trump design concerns,,,Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches,2008-11-20,Book Chapter,"Mohammed, Susan;Hamilton, Katherine;Lim, Audrey",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646189177,10.1017/S135561770808003X,A demonstration of endogenous modulation of unilateral spatial neglect: The impact of apparent time-pressure on spatial bias,"This paper draws from research on the phenomenology of how people experience time to examine how groups internally synchronize their work. We begin by reviewing the current paradigm on group temporal alignment, derived from biological and physical principles of entrainment. We argue that despite its many strengths, the greatest weakness of entrainment-based approaches is that they overlook the experience of the individual group member. Instead, we suggest that pace alignment in work groups stems from the individual-level tendency to prefer the experience of feeling in-pace to that of feeling out-of-pace with other members. We label this the in-synch preference, and assert that it is a core construct for understanding temporal performance in work groups. We then use this construct to examine: (a) the mechanisms that facilitate and motivate intra-group synchronization (i.e. getting in-pace) and (b) the role of pace-aligned coalitions and attributional processing in maintaining synchronization (i.e. staying in-pace). © 2002.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2002-01-01,Article,"Bloun, Sally;Janicik, Gregory A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036659431,10.1080/01972240290075110,Informational intra-group influence: The effects of time pressure and group size,"In this article we highlight temporal effects in information and communication technology-enabled organizational change. Examples of temporal effects are explored in the context of one organization's efforts to implement an enterprise-wide information system. Temporality is presented as having two aspects, with the first being the well-recognized, linear and measured clock time. The second aspect of time is that which is perceived - often as nonlinear - and socially defined. We find that temporal effects arise both in changes to the structure of work and in differences among groups in how time is perceived. Evidence suggests that both specific characteristics of the implementation and of the enterprise systems' technologies further exacerbate these temporal effects. We conclude with suggestions for how to incorporate a temporally reflective perspective into analysis of technology-enabled organizational change and how a temporal perspective provides insight into both the social and technical aspects of the sociotechnical nature of enterprise systems.",Enterprise systems | ICT | Implementation | IT | Organizational change | Research methods | Sociotechnical systems | Time,Information Society,2002-07-01,Article,"Sawyer, Steve;Southwick, Richard",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902668806,10.21437/speechprosody.2008-132,"More on the ""segmental anchoring"" of prenuclear rises: Evidence from East Middle German","The paper presents results from a production study on the alignment of prenuclear rising accents in East Middle German in which we focus on two research questions: (1) to what extent can an intermediate variety be integrated in the phonetic alignment continuum from south to north as postulated in [2], and (2) to what extent do time pressure factors from the lefthand context influence the stability of tonal alignment. We rearranged the test material used in [2] with respect to unstressed syllables preceding the accented syllable. Our results show that L is aligned earlier in East Middle German than in Northern and Southern German and that left-sided time pressure effects the alignment of L, but not of H.",,"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody, SP 2008",2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kleber, Felicitas;Rathcke, Tamara",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860390042,10.1002/job.777,System dynamic model applying on analysis of impact of schedule pressure on project,"Geographically dispersed teams whose members do not allocate all of their time to a single team increasingly carry out knowledge-intensive work in multinational organizations. Taking an attention-based view of team design, we investigate the antecedents and consequences of member time allocation in a multi-level study of 2055 members of 285 teams in a large global corporation, using member survey data and independent executive ratings of team performance. We focus on two distinct dimensions of time allocation: the proportion of members' time that is allocated to the focal team and the number of other teams to which the members allocate time concurrently. At the individual level, we find that time allocation is influenced by members' levels of experience, rank, education, and leader role on the team, as predicted. At the team level, performance is higher for teams whose members allocate a greater proportion of their time to the focal team, but surprisingly, performance is also higher for teams whose members allocate time to a greater number of other teams concurrently. Furthermore, the effects of member time allocation on team performance are contingent on geographic dispersion: the advantages of allocating more time to the focal team are greater for more dispersed teams, whereas the advantages of allocating time to more other teams are greater for less dispersed teams. We discuss the implications for future research on new forms of teams as well as managerial practice, including how to manage geographically dispersed teams with the effects of member time allocation in mind. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",External performance | Multiple team membership | Time allocation | Virtual teams,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2012-04-01,Article,"Cummings, Jonathon N.;Haas, Martine R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72149101522,10.1541/ieejeiss.127.1756,Evaluation of the driver's physiology on time pressure situation,"There is human error as a common factor of many traffic accidents. This study is aimed at evaluate from a nasal skin thermogram measured with an infrared thermography device about a change of physiology psychological condition of a driver. We measured a time change of difference of temperature of frontlet skin temperature and nasal skin temperature that can measure condition of sympathetic system / parasympathetic system indirectly with the infrared thermography device which can measure in non-contact, low restraint, easily. The experiment measured quantity of physiology from brain waves, a heartbeat, an nasal skin thermogram with the driving simulation problem which made a limit for a driver in time. By performing comparison with quantity of subjectivity, quantity of meandering and driving action quantity and steerage corners to acquire at the same time, we evaluate physiology psychological condition of a driver at the time of driving under the time pressure situation. As a result, by giving time pressure, difference of temperature of frontlet skin temperature and nasal skin temperature showed a change. Greatest temperature displacement became big when raised a degree of difficulty of time pressure.",Driver | Human error | Physiological measuremant | Time pressure stiuation,"IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems",2007-01-01,Article,"Mizuno, Tota;Nozawa, Akio;Tanaka, Hisaya;Ide, Hideto",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748885568,10.1002/hrdq.1209,Multi-tasking agile projects: The focal point,"Presenteeism describes the situation when workers are on the job but, because of illness, injury, or other conditions, they are not functioning at peak levels. Although much of the research on presenteeism appears in the medical literature, we argue that presenteeism also occurs when employees go to work but spend a portion of the workday engaging in personal business while on the job, such as e-mailing friends, paying personal bills, or making personal appointments. Results of a Web-based survey of 115 individuals suggest that employees spend approximately one hour and twenty minutes in a typical workday engaged in personal activities, costing their employers an average $8,875 each year in lost productivity per employee. Results suggest that engagement in personal business on the job is not related to self-reported measures of performance, efficiency, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, or intentions to stay, only to procrastination. Implications of these findings for practice and research are discussed.",,Human Resource Development Quarterly,2007-09-01,Article,"D'Abate, Caroline P.;Eddy, Erik R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872385625,10.1287/orsc.1110.0697,Friend/foe identification and shooting performance: Effects of prior task loading and time pressure,"When does knowledge transfer benefit performance? Combining field data from a global consulting firm with an agent-based model, we examine how efforts to supplement one's knowledge from coworkers interact with individual, organizational, and environmental characteristics to impact organizational performance. We find that once cost and interpersonal exchange are included in the analysis, the impact of knowledge transfer is highly contingent. Depending on specific characteristics and circumstances, knowledge transfer can better, matter little to, or even harm performance. Three illustrative studies clarify puzzling past results and offer specific boundary conditions: (1) At the individual level, better organizational support for employee learning diminishes the benefit of knowledge transfer for organizational performance. (2) At the organization level, broader access to organizational memory makes global knowledge transfer less beneficial to performance. (3) When the organizational environment becomes more turbulent, the organizational performance benefits of knowledge transfer decrease. The findings imply that organizations may forgo investments in both organizational memory and knowledge exchange, that wide-ranging knowledge exchange may be unimportant or even harmful for performance, and that organizations operating in turbulent environments may find that investment in knowledge exchange undermines performance rather than enhances it. At a time when practitioners are urged to make investments in facilitating knowledge transfer and collaboration, appreciation of the complex relationship between knowledge transfer and performance will help in reaping benefits while avoiding liabilities. © 2012 INFORMS.",Agent-based model | Consulting | Corporate social media | Exchange | Intranet | Knowledge | Knowledge management | Performance | Professional service firm | Qualitative data | Social network,Organization Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Levine, Sheen S.;Prietula, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036387051,10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00064-5,Put that there NOW: Group dynamics of tabletop interaction under time pressure,"While there has been renewed interest in the trend toward longer working hours, neither economic nor sociological explanations have been able to fully account for the rapid increase in work hours observed among managers today. This article presents a multilevel framework for understanding under which conditions managers are most likely to increase their work hours. Individual-level factors (e.g., demographic status and personality), job-level factors (e.g., performance appraisal criteria and time and place of hours worked), organizational-level factors (e.g., norms, leadership, and culture), and economic factors (e.g., declining profitability and threat of layoffs) are all considered. The article concludes with potential extensions of the theoretical model presented here and other directions for future research. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Norms | Overtime | Workhours,Human Resource Management Review,2002-01-01,Article,"Feldman, Daniel C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035351883,10.1287/mnsc.47.5.647.10481,Dutch workers and time pressure: Household and workplace characteristics,"Time is one of the more salient constraints on managerial behavior. This constraint may be very taxing in high-velocity environments where managers have to attend to many tasks simultaneously. Earlier work by Radner (1976) proposed models based on notions of the thermostat or ""putting out fires"" to guide managerial time and effort allocation among tasks. We link these ideas to the issue of the level of complexity of the tasks to be attended to while alluding to the sequential versus parallel modes of processing. We develop a stochastic model to analyze the behavior of a manager who has to attend to a few short-term processes while attempting to devote as much time as possible to the pursuit of a long-term project. A major aspect of this problem is how the manager deals with interruptions. Different rules of attention allocation are proposed, and their implications to managerial behavior are discussed.",Attention | Controlled Markov Process | Decision Rules | Priority Setting | Satisficing | Thermostat,Management Science,2001-01-01,Article,"Seshadri, Sridhar;Shapira, Zur",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-41549106240,,Impact of time pressure and pauses on physiological responses ti standardized computer mouse use - A review of three papers focusing on mechanisms behind computer-related disorders,"This paper reviews three computer mouse studies in our laboratory in which our emphasis was on mechanisms behind computer-related disorders. Our approach was sequentially (i) to determine the validity of a laboratory model for computer mouse use (painting rectangles) for studying musculoskeletal disorders, (ii) to use this model to study time pressure and precision demands on position sense and muscular oxygenation, and (iii) to use this model to determine the effect of pauses (active versus passive) on these parameters. Kinematic data for the painting model showed constrained movements of the wrist similar to that of CAD (computer-aided design) work, a support for its validity for a real-life situation. Changes in forearm oxygenation were associated with time pressure and precision demands, a potential for insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Increasing trends in oxygenation and blood volume were associated with pauses, especially active pauses, a possible explanation for the alleviating effect of discomfort experienced in real-life situations when a pause is implemented.",Forearm | Gender | Near-infrared spectroscopy | Position sense | Proprioception | Review | Subjective fatigue | Wrist kinematics,"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Supplement",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Crenshaw, Albert G.;Lyskov, Eugene;Heiden, Marina;Flodgren, Gerd;Hellström, Fredrik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747625185,10.1177/0950017006066998,Fuzzy constraint based negotiation under time pressure,"This article deals with the puzzle of the well-known gap between actual and preferred working hours (i.e. over-employment). We propose a new explanation based on selective attention in decision making and test it with the Time Competition Survey 2003 which includes information of 1114 employees in 30 Dutch organizations. We find very limited support for the hypotheses that over-employment is caused by restrictions imposed by the employer (traditional lumpiness). Instead, we find much empirical support for our hypothesis on a new form of lumpiness that is related to selective attention and is created by work characteristics of 'post-Fordist' job design. In this work organization, the increased autonomy of workers is leading to an autonomy paradox. We also find evidence of a part-time illusion: under the post-Fordist regime, many part-time employees, who obviously were willing and allowed to reduce their working hours, still end up working more hours than they prefer. Copyright © 2006 BSA Publications Ltd®.",Framing theory | Over-employment | Overtime | Post-Fordist workplace | Social rationality | Working hours,"Work, Employment and Society",2006-01-01,Article,"Van Echtelt, Patricia E.;Glebbeek, Arie C.;Lindenberg, Siegwart M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642272003,10.1177/0093650203261504,Time pressure and reward inspiration as outcome controls for information sharing in problem-solving virtual teams,"This article reports the findings of scale development and validation efforts centered on 10 dimensions of organizational members' temporal experience identified in previous research. Consistent with a community-of-practice perspective, 395 members of five organizational units indicated their agreement with a series of statements regarding the day-to-day words and phrases they use to describe their activities, work-related events, and general timing needs. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the hypothesized enactments of time and construals of time. Organizational members' enactments of time included dimensions relating to flexibility, linearity, pace, precision, scheduling, and separation, and their construals of time included dimensions concerning scarcity, urgency, present time perspective, and future time perspective. A new dimension, delay, was found. Implications for pluri-temporalism in organizations and the study of time in communication are discussed.",Chronemics | Groups | Organizations | Scale | Temporality | Time,Communication Research,2004-01-01,Review,"Ballard, Dawna I.;Seibold, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68949116422,10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01016.x,Recommendations for real-time decision support systems for lunar and planetary EVAs,"Aim The aim of the present study was to explore and describe what characterizes first- and second-line health care managers' use of time. Background Many Swedish health care managers experience difficulties managing their time. Methods Structured and unstructured observations were used. Ten first- and second-line managers in different health care settings were studied in detail from 3.5 and 4 days each. Duration and frequency of different types of work activities were analysed. Results The individual variation was considerable. The managers' days consisted to a large degree of short activities (<9 minutes). On average, nearly half of the managers' time was spent in meetings. Most of the managers' time was spent with subordinates and <1% was spent alone with their superiors. Sixteen per cent of their time was spent on administration and only a small fraction on explicit strategic work. Conclusions The individual variations in time use patterns suggest the possibility of interventions to support changes in time use patterns. Implications for nursing management A reliable description of what managers do paves the way for analyses of what they should do to be effective. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Health care managers | Leadership and observational studies | Managerial work | Nurse managers | Time use,Journal of Nursing Management,2009-09-01,Article,"Arman, Rebecka;Dellve, Lotta;WikstrÖm, Ewa;TÖrnstrÖm, Linda",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-62949191817,,Enriching executives' situation awareness and mental models : A conceptual ESS framework,"Regardless of cognitive orientation of increasing importance, most executive support systems (ESS) and other decision support systems (DSSs) focus on providing behavioural support to executives' decisionmaking. In this paper, we suggest that cognitive orientation in information systems is twofold: situation awareness (SA) and mental model. A literature review of SA and mental models from different fields shows that both the two human mental constructs play very important roles in human decision-making, particularly in the naturalistic settings with time pressure, dynamics, complexity, uncertainty, and high personal stakes. Based on a discussion of application problems of present ESSs, a conceptual ESS framework on cognitive orientation is developed. Under this framework, executives' SA and mental models can be developed and enriched, which eventually increases the probability of good decision-making and good performance.",Decision-making | Executive support systems | Mental models | Situation awareness,"ICEIS 2007 - 9th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Proceedings",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Niu, Li;Lu, Jie;Zhang, Guangquan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149525390,10.1177/154193120705101910,Identity verification from photographs in travel documents: The role of display duration and orientation on performance,"At border control, it is the personnel's job to identify possible passport fraud, in particular to verify whether the photograph in a travel document matches its bearer. However, as various earlier studies suggest, identity verification from photographs or CCTV is far from accurate. The aim of this study was thus to investigate identity verification at border control. Particularly, we examined the influence of display duration in document verification. Results showed that performance significantly suffered from time restrictions, which stresses the importance of working environments at border control free of time pressure. A second aim was to assess a possible benefit of inversion of the document on identity verification performance, as was suggested by anecdotal evidence from security personnel but clearly contradicts the well known inversion effect in face recognition. Indeed, no such beneficial influence of inversion was found in this study. The results are discussed in terms of application-oriented implications.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Chiller-Glaus, Sarah D.;Schwaninger, Adrian;Hofer, Franziska",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-20344393882,10.1145/1064830.1064832,Robustness analysis using fmea and bbn: Case study for a web-based application,"The declining level of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in IT professionals due to lack of awareness of the same at the management hierarchy is discussed. Five types of OCB have been identified such as atlruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, civic virtue, and conscientious. Courtesy behavior of the IT workers is significantly influenced by supervisory trust and indirectly influenced by interactional justice mediated by supervisory trust. Managers must consistently work with IT employees in ways that build trust and confidence in management and engender perceptions of fairness in order to encourage OCB in IT staffs.",,Communications of the ACM,2005-06-01,Review,"Moore, Jo Ellen;Love, Mary Sue",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84990338841,10.1177/1523422302043008,Supporting and hindering knowledge communication in a collaborative picture-sorting task,"The problem and the solution. This volume presents an anthology of methods for theory building in applied disciplines. Each chapter has described the assumptions and methods of distinct approaches for developing theory. This chapter takes a collective view of research methods for theory building. Although the theorist can choose from a menu of the methods that have been discussed, certain characteristics of the methods themselves can lead to more productive theorizing depending on the particular research purpose of the theorist. This chapter presents a comparative analysis of research methods for theory building that leads to deeper understanding of the methods and their unique contributions to theoretical knowledge. © 2002, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Advances in Developing Human Resources,2002-01-01,Article,"Torraco, Richard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,The importance of context in the design of collaborative media,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846968828,10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00689.x,Integration and verification of a command and data handling subsystem for nano-satellite projects with critical time constraints: Delfi-c3,"Drawing from Karasek's job demands-control model, this study investigated how perceived amount and clarity of interdependency in managers'jobs affect role stress, and the extent to which job control moderates these relationships. Results show that amount of interdependency was positively associated with role conflict, and clarity of interdependency was negatively associated with role ambiguity. There was also support for the job demands-control model as greater job control reduced role ambiguity when clarity of interdependency was low. Although higher job control produced lower role ambiguity when both clarity and amount of interdependency were low, higher job control did not produce lower role ambiguity when clarity of interdependency was low and amount of interdependency was high, suggesting that the buffering value of job control on reducing role stress is contingent on the task interdependencies that managers confront. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007.",,Journal of Management Studies,2007-03-01,Review,"Wong, Sze Sze;DeSanctis, Gerardine;Staudenmayer, Nancy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867640525,10.1177/0956797612442551,Multi-tasking agile projects: The pressure tank,"Results of four experiments reveal a counterintuitive solution to the common problem of feeling that one does not have enough time: Give some of it away. Although the objective amount of time people have cannot be increased (there are only 24 hours in a day), this research demonstrates that people's subjective sense of time affluence can be increased. We compared spending time on other people with wasting time, spending time on oneself, and even gaining a windfall of ""free"" time, and we found that spending time on others increases one's feeling of time affluence. The impact of giving time on feelings of time affluence is driven by a boosted sense of self-efficacy. Consequently, giving time makes people more willing to commit to future engagements despite their busy schedules. © The Author(s) 2012.",helping | prosocial behavior | time perception | volunteering | well-being,Psychological Science,2012-01-01,Article,"Mogilner, Cassie;Chance, Zoë;Norton, Michael I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40849093049,10.1145/1328491.1328513,Effects of alignment on interface pressure for transtibial amputee during walking,,,Handbook of Organizational Routines,2008-12-01,Book Chapter,"Knudsen, Thorbjørn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960754985,10.1080/19416520.2011.593319,Visualization methodologies for supervisory control in complex multi-task time-critical environments,"This review reasserts field research's discovery epistemology. While it occupies a minority position in the study of organization and management, discovery-oriented research practice has a long tradition of giving insight into new, unappreciated and misappreciated processes that are important to how work is accomplished. I argue that while methods discourse has long emphasized that particularizing data and an emergent research design are productive for discovery, little to no attention has been paid to the conjectural processes necessary to imaginatively interpret these observations. I underscore them. What is the future for discovery work in business schools today? Issues arise when an increasing interest in discovery-oriented research is expressed in an institutional context that is bounded off from field research's home disciplines and is dominated by a validation epistemology. In light of this current context, I offer some initial thoughts on the work to be done to maintain fieldwork's discovery tradition in management and organization studies. © 2011 Academy of Management.",,Academy of Management Annals,2011-06-01,Review,"Locke, Karen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-23844490219,10.1207/s15327051hci2001&2_7,Supporting multiple cognitive processing styles using tailored support systems,"Junk e-mail or spam is rapidly choking off e-mail as a reliable and efficient means of communication over the Internet. Although the demand for human attention increases rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of attention hardly changes. Markets are a social institution for efficiently allocating supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also credibly inform recipients about the value of a message to the sender before they read it. This article examines economic approaches to the problem of spam and the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for e-mail causes senders to be more selective and to send fewer messages. However, recipients did not interpret the postage paid by senders as a signal of the importance of the messages. These results suggest that markets for attention have the potential for addressing the problem of spam but their design needs further development and testing. Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2005-08-26,Article,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Telang, Rahul;Morris, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247874248,10.1080/10510970600845974,Artifacts use in safety critical information transfer: A preliminary study of the information arena,"This study examined 393 organizational members' reported communication load, job satisfaction, and interdepartmental communication satisfaction in relation to their experience of time along eleven dimensions—flexibility, linearity, pace, punctuality, delay, scheduling, separation, urgency, scarcity, and future and present time foci. Results indicate that organizational members who experienced their time as more delayed, more flexible, and more oriented toward the future tended to report higher levels of communication load. Additionally, members who characterized their work as more punctual and oriented toward the future were more satisfied with their jobs, while those who experienced work as faster paced were less satisfied. Finally, the organizational members most satisfied with communication among departments reported their work patterns as more linear and more strongly oriented toward the future, while members who reported their work as more delayed were least satisfied with such interdepartmental interactions. © 2006, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Chronemics | Communication | Communication load | Job satisfaction | Temporality | Time,Communication Studies,2006-01-01,Article,"Ballard, Dawna I.;Seibold, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958171115,10.1145/1978942.1979405,Human factors guidance for maintenance,"Self-interruptions account for a significant portion of task switching in information-centric work contexts. However, most of the research to date has focused on understanding, analyzing and designing for external interruptions. The causes of self-interruptions are not well understood. In this paper we present an analysis of 889 hours of observed task switching behavior from 36 individuals across three high-technology information work organizations. Our analysis suggests that self-interruption is a function of organizational environment and individual differences, but also external interruptions experienced. We find that people in open office environments interrupt themselves at a higher rate. We also find that people are significantly more likely to interrupt themselves to return to solitary work associated with central working spheres, suggesting that self-interruption occurs largely as a function of prospective memory events. The research presented contributes substantially to our understanding of attention and multitasking in context. Copyright 2011 ACM.",Interruption | Multitasking | Self-interruption | Task switching,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Dabbish, Laura;Mark, Gloria;González, Víctor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57649213831,10.1145/1357054.1357069,Confidence in crises: Time-pressed interorganizational information sharing,"There is a growing literature on managing multitasking and interruptions in the workplace. In an ethnographic study, we investigated the phenomenon of communication chains, the occurrence of interactions in quick succession. Focusing on chains enable us to better understand the role of communication in multitasking. Our results reveal that chains are prevalent in information workers, and that attributes such as the number of links, and the rate of media and organizational switching can be predicted from the first catalyzing link of the chain. When chains are triggered by external interruptions, they have more links, a trend for more media switches and more organizational switches. We also found that more switching of organizational contexts in communication is associated with higher levels of stress. We describe the role of communication chains as performing alignment in multitasking and discuss the implications of our results. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Communication | Interaction | Multitasking | Workplace,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Su, Norman Makoto;Mark, Gloria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,The rating of sexist humor under time pressure as an indicator of spontaneous sexist attitudes,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954904498,10.1177/1742715010363210,Modeling and control of time-pressure dispensing for semiconductor manufacturing,"Recent years have witnessed a significant growth of interest in spirituality at work (SAW), and in particular in spirituality management and leadership development. This article argues that the literature in the area is replete with paradoxes, many of which may be irresolvable. These revolve around how spirituality is defined, with advocates variously stressing its religious dimensions, usually from a Christian perspective, and others articulating a more secular approach focusing on non-denominational humanistic values. Much of the literature assumes that the values of business leaders reflect unitarist rather than sectional interests. In exploring these contradictions, this article adopts a post-structuralist perspective to argue that SAW seeks to abolish the distinction between people's work-based lives on the one hand, and their personal lives and value systems on the other. Influence is conceived in uni-directional terms: it flows from 'spiritual' and powerful leaders to more or less compliant followers, deemed to be in need of enlightenment, rather than vice versa. It enhances the influence of leaders over followers, on the assumption that stable, consistent and coherent follower identities can be manufactured, capable of facilitating the achievement of leaders' goals. We argue that SAW therefore promotes constricting cultural and behavioural norms, and thus seeks to reinforce the power of leaders at the expense of autonomy for their followers. Rather than encourage leaders to abolish the distinction between the private and public spaces inhabited by followers, in the name of liberation, we conclude that these should be preserved and extended. © The Author(s), 2010.",Leadership and followership | Post-structuralist perspectives | Spirituality at work,Leadership,2010-07-30,Article,"Tourish, Dennis;Tourish, Naheed",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34248328749,10.1145/1229855.1229860,Effects of time pressure on context-sensitive property induction,"A major difference between face-to-face interaction and computer-mediated communication is how contact negotiation - -the way in which people start and end conversations - -is managed. Contact negotiation is especially problematic for distributed group members who are separated by distance and thus do not share many of the cues needed to help mediate interaction. An understanding of what resources and cues people use to negotiate making contact when face-to-face identifies ways to design support for contact negotiation in new technology to support remote collaboration. This perspective is used to analyze the design and use experiences with three communication prototypes: Desktop Conferencing Prototype, Montage, and Awarenex. These prototypes use text, video, and graphic indicators to share the cues needed to gracefully start and end conversations. Experiences with using these prototypes focused on how these designs support the interactional commitment of the participants - -when they have to commit their attention to an interaction and how flexibly that can be negotiated. Reviewing what we learned from these research experiences identifies directions for future research in supporting contact negotiation in computer-mediated communication. © 2007 ACM.",Awareness | Computer-mediated communication | Human-computer interaction | Instant messaging | Interaction design | User research,ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction,2007-05-01,Article,"Tang, John C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247845175,10.1007/s11336-006-1478-z,A hierarchical framework for modeling speed and accuracy on test items,"Current modeling of response times on test items has been strongly influenced by the paradigm of experimental reaction-time research in psychology. For instance, some of the models have a parameter structure that was chosen to represent a speed-accuracy tradeoff, while others equate speed directly with response time. Also, several response-time models seem to be unclear as to the level of parametrization they represent. A hierarchical framework for modeling speed and accuracy on test items is presented as an alternative to these models. The framework allows a ""plug-and-play approach"" with alternative choices of models for the response and response-time distributions as well as the distributions of their parameters. Bayesian treatment of the framework with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) computation facilitates the approach. Use of the framework is illustrated for the choice of a normal-ogive response model, a lognormal model for the response times, and multivariate normal models for their parameters with Gibbs sampling from the joint posterior distribution. © 2007 The Psychometric Society.",Gibbs sampler | Hierarchical modeling | Item-response theory | Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation | Response times | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Psychometrika,2007-09-01,Article,"Van Der Linden, Wim J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-17844373236,10.1518/0018720053653884,Absent minded but accurate: Delaying responses increases accuracy but decreases error awareness,"Previous research has suggested that providing informative cues about interrupting stimuli aids management of multiple tasks. However, auditory and visual cues can be ineffective in certain situations. The objective of the present study was to explore whether attention-directing tactile cues aid or interfere with performance. A two-group posttest-only randomized experiment was conducted. Sixty-one participants completed a 30-min performance session consisting of aircraft-monitoring and gauge-reading computer tasks. Tactile signals were administered to a treatment group to indicate the arrival and location of interrupting tasks. Control participants had to remember to visually check for the interrupting tasks. Participants in the treatment group responded to more interrupting tasks and responded faster than did control participants. Groups did not differ on error rates for the interrupting tasks, performance of the primary task, or subjective workload perceptions. In the context of the tasks used in the present research, tactile cues allowed participants to effectively direct attention where needed without disrupting ongoing information processing. Tactile cues should be explored in a variety of other visual, interruptladen environments. Potential applications exist for aviation, user-interface design, vigilance tasks, and team environments. Copyright © 2005, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.",,Human Factors,2005-05-01,Article,"Hopp, Pamela J.;Smith, C. A.P.;Clegg, Benjamin A.;Heggestad, Eric D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85052549912,10.1080/00223980.2010.496647,Age-related deficits in early response characteristics of obstacle avoidance under time pressure,"The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of time management training, which was based on psychological theory and research, on perceived control of time, perceived stress, and performance at work. The authors randomly assigned 71 employees to a training group (n = 35) or a waiting-list control group (n = 36). As hypothesized, time management training led to an increase in perceived control of time and a decrease in perceived stress. Time management training had no impact on different performance indicators. In particular, the authors explored the use and the perceived usefulness of the techniques taught. Participants judged the taught techniques as useful, but there were large differences concerning the actual use of the various techniques. Copyright © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",perceived control of time | performance | stress | time management training,Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied,2010-07-01,Article,"Häfner, Alexander;Stock, Armin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036953105,10.1080/03637750216547,The effects of time pressure on chess skill: An investigation into fast and slow processes underlying expert performance,"Prior telecommuting research has focused both on teleworkers without comparison to other employee groups and on pragmatic implications of this work arrangement across organizations. In contrast, this investigation situated telecommuting as a socially constructed process and practice within the context of a specific hybrid (federal agency and private sector) organizational culture. We used Martin's (1992) three cultural lenses as a framework for analyzing in-house and telecommuting employees' discourses. These three cultural lenses illuminated how and why telecommuting functions paradoxically in organizations. In the integration lens, members framed FEDSIM as a coherent, innovative, and ""employee-centric"" Utopian culture. Differentiation subcultures diverged from the telecommuter and in-house distinctions that we anticipated based on previous research. Instead, differentiation discourses revealed complex divisions between promotable and non-promotable employees who adhered to different spatio-temporal orientations toward and definitions of work. Through the fragmentation lens, members' talk coalesced around several mysterious processes of the ways things are supposed to and actually do operate. These findings suggest interventions that can assist leaders and members in capitalizing on telecommuting's unique advantages.",,Communication Monographs,2002-12-01,Review,"Hylmö, Annika;Buzzanell, Patrice M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44849133812,10.17730/humo.66.3.n0u0513p464n6046,The anthropology of busyness,"Since the 1990s scholars have paid increasing attention to the competing demands of work and family in the US. The result has been a literature that focuses on time, without reference to the content of activities. This article, based on several years of fieldwork with dual career middle class families, explores the activities that drive busyness and those activities undertaken to cope with its effects. The latter include both a set of practices adopted by individuals and longer term efforts to build technological, social, and ideological infrastructures to enable coping. There is thus a tacit work of managing busy everyday lives that is social in nature and salient to anthropology. Copyright © 2007 by the Society for Applied Anthropology.",Busyness | Families | Time pressure | Work,Human Organization,2007-01-01,Article,"Darrah, Charles N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960517712,10.1037/a0022148,Physiological evaluation of mental workload in time pressure,"The common heuristic association between scarcity and value implies that more valuable things appear scarcer (King, Hicks, & Abdelkhalik, 2009), an effect we show applies to time as well. In a series of studies, we found that both income and wealth, which affect the economic value of time, influence perceived time pressure. Study 1 found that changes in income were associated with changes in perceived time pressure. Studies 2-4 showed that experimentally manipulating time's perceived economic value caused greater feelings of time pressure and less patient behavior. Finally, Study 5 demonstrated that the relationship between income and time pressure was strengthened when participants were randomly assigned to think about the precise economic value of their time. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Income | Scarcity | Time pressure | Value,Journal of Applied Psychology,2011-07-01,Article,"DeVoe, Sanford E.;Pfeffer, Jeffrey",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645937618,10.1016/S0742-3322(05)22001-6,Time pressure and phonological advance planning in spoken production,"This paper challenges the dominantly pessimistic view of emotion held by many strategy scholars and elaborates on the various ways in which emotion can help organizations achieve renewal and growth. I discuss how appropriate emotion management can increase the ability of organizations to realize continuous or radical change to exploit the shifting conditions of their environments. This ability is rooted in developing emotion-based dynamic capabilities that facilitate organizational innovation and change. These emotion-based dynamic capabilities express or arouse distinct emotional states such as authenticity, sympathy, hope, fun, and attachment to achieve specific organizational goals important to strategic renewal, such as receptivity to change, the sharing of knowledge, collective action, creativity, and retention of key personnel. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Advances in Strategic Management,2005-12-01,Review,"Huy, Quy Nguyen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-23044520245,10.1177/105649260092002,Source functions in early time pressure transient analysis,,,Journal of Management Inquiry,2000-01-01,Article,"Bartunek, Jean M.;Necochea, Raul A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-37849010678,10.1145/1287624.1287674,A simple model-based approach for fluid dispensing analysis and control,"Studies have shown that programmers frequently seek external information during programming, from source code and documents, as well as from other programmers because much of the information remains in the heads of programmers. Programmers therefore often ask other programmers questions to seek information in a timely fashion to carry out their work. This information seeking entails several conflicting factors. From the perspective of the information-seeking programmer, not asking questions degrades productivity. Conversely, asking questions interrupts other programmers and degrades their productivity, and may be frowned upon by peers due to the perceived social inconsideration of the information seeker. From the perspective of the recipients of the question, even though helping is costly, not helping also incurs social costs due to the deviation from social norms. To balance all these factors, this paper proposes the STeP_IN (Socio-Technical Platform for In situ Networking) framework to guide the design of systems that support information seeking during different phases of programming. The framework facilitates access to the information in the heads of other programmers while minimizing the negative impacts on the overall productivity of the team. Copyright 2007 ACM.",Communication | Information acquisition and sharing | Programming support | Socio-technical support,"6th Joint Meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, ESEC/FSE 2007",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Ye, Yunwen;Yamamoto, Yasuhiro;Nakakoji, Kumiyo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34248376542,10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.011,Proactive interference slows recognition by eliminating fast assessments of familiarity,"The response-signal speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) procedure was used to investigate how proactive interference (PI) affects retrieval from working memory. Participants were presented with 6-item study lists, followed immediately by a recognition probe. A variant of a release from PI design was used: All items in a list were from the same semantic category (e.g., fruits), and the category was changed (e.g., tools) after three consecutive trials with the same category. Analysis of the retrieval functions demonstrated that PI decreased asymptotic accuracy and, crucially, also decreased the growth of accuracy over retrieval time, indicating that PI slowed retrieval speed. Analysis of false alarms to recent negatives (lures drawn from the previous study list) and distant negatives (lures not studied for 168+ trials) suggests that PI slowed retrieval by selectively eliminating fast assessments based on familiarity. There was no evidence indicating that PI affected slow processes involved with the recovery of detailed episodic information. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Cue overload | Familiarity and recollection | Memory retrieval | Proactive interference | Speed-accuracy tradeoff procedure | Working memory,Journal of Memory and Language,2007-07-01,Article,"Öztekin, Ilke;McElree, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949707863,10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00390.x,Regulatory focus and investment decisions in small groups,"Relatively little is known about how goals in complex jobs are translated into action and how they are completed in real life settings. This study addressed the question to what extent planned work may actually be completed on a daily basis. The completion of daily work goals was studied in a sample of 878 tasks identified by 29 R&D engineers with the help of a daily diary. Multilevel analysis was used to analyse the joint effect of task attributes, perceived job characteristics, and personality attributes on the completion of planned work goals. At the level of task attributes, we found that priority, urgency, and lower importance were related to task completion, and at the individual level, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and time management training. Task completion was not related to task attractiveness, workload, job autonomy, planning, or perceived control of time. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 International Association of Applied Psychology.",,Applied Psychology,2010-04-01,Article,"Claessens, Brigitte J.C.;van Eerde, Wendelien;Rutte, Christel G.;Roe, Robert A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34250830197,,Schedule pressure,"The problems with critical computers on the Russian side of the station and the shuttle's fragile thermal protection system can delay the European Space Agency's (ESA) plan to fly its own main station elements that include the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) and the Columbus laboratory module. The critical command and navigation system crashed on June 13, 2007 as space walking astronauts were trying to retract a seven-year old solar array. The Russian-side computers control the station's reaction control thrusters, which are needed for attitude control when the station's control moment gyros (CMG) are saturated. Mission control Center-Moscow (MCC-M) managed to restart one lane of the three redundant data paths to the Russian Service Module Terminal Computer (TVM) and to the Russian central computer. Loss of Russian-ide computers was joining the ISS partnership and can force an evacuation of the station.",,Aviation Week and Space Technology (New York),2007-06-18,Article,"Morring, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876019080,10.1037/a0031804,Sources of error in picture naming under time pressure,"Building on Karasek and Theorell (R. Karasek & T. Theorell, 1990, Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life, New York, NY: Basic Books), we theorized and tested the relationship between time strain (work-time demands and control) and seven self-reported health outcomes. We drew on survey data from 550 employees fielded before and 6 months after the implementation of an organizational intervention, the Results Only Work Environment (ROWE) in a white-collar organization. Cross-sectional (Wave 1) models showed psychological time demands and time control measures were related to health outcomes in expected directions. The ROWE intervention did not predict changes in psychological time demands by Wave 2, but did predict increased time control (a sense of time adequacy and schedule control). Statistical models revealed increases in psychological time demands and time adequacy predicted changes in positive (energy, mastery, psychological wellbeing, self-assessed health) and negative (emotional exhaustion, somatic symptoms, psychological distress) outcomes in expected directions, net of job and home demands and covariates. This study demonstrates the value of including time strain in investigations of the health effects of job conditions. Results encourage longitudinal models of change in psychological time demands as well as time control, along with the development and testing of interventions aimed at reducing time strain in different populations of workers. © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Health | Organizational intervention | Psychological time demands | Time adequacy | Time strain,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2013-04-01,Article,"Moen, Phyllis;Kelly, Erin L.;Lam, Jack",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247474769,,Time pressure and informative content of sales promotions [Presión de tempo e contido informativo das promocións de vendas],"In the present work of exploratory nature we make an approach to the time limitation as a persuasive element in the sales promotions. This time limitation does not only materialize in the fixation of a date from which it is not possible to take part in the promotion, but also the advertiser tries to transmit to the consumers a sensation of scarcity, with the intention of increasing the perceived value of the promotional incentive. Also, we realize an evaluation of the informative level of the promotional advertisings, doing a descriptive analysis for product categories. Finally, the paper concludes with the main conclusions and the propose of lines for further research.",Content analysis | Informative advertisings | Sales promotions,Revista Galega de Economia,2007-01-01,Article,"Alén González, María Elisa;Fraiz Brea, José Antonio;Mazaira Castro, Andrés",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871495619,10.1177/0950017012461837,Staff auditor reporting decisions under time deadline pressure,"Interest in data on job satisfaction is increasing in both academic and policy circles. One common way of interpreting these data is to see a positive association between job satisfaction and job quality. Another view is to dismiss the usefulness of job satisfaction data, because workers can often express satisfaction with work where job quality is poor. It is argued that this second view has some validity, but that survey data on job satisfaction and subjective well-being at work are informative if interpreted carefully. If researchers are to come to sensible conclusions about the meaning behind job satisfaction data, information about why workers report job satisfaction is needed. It is in the understanding of why workers report feeling satisfied (or dissatisfied) with their jobs that sociology can make a positive contribution. © The Author(s) 2012.",job quality | job satisfaction | subjective well-being,"Work, Employment and Society",2012-01-01,Article,"Brown, Andrew;Charlwood, Andy;Spencer, David A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745465801,10.1108/08858620610672588,The role of prominence in pronoun resolution: Active versus passive representations,"Purpose: The concept of time is intrinsically linked to the conceptualization and empirical investigation of organizational processes such as customer relationship management (CRM). The purpose of this paper is to offer conceptual and methodological insights enabling the incorporation of temporal factors in the study of CRM. Design/methodology/approach: A framework toward the integration of time into the study of CRM is proposed and discussed. Findings: This framework, which consists of philosophical, conceptual, methodological and substantive domains, suggests that the locus of time is inherent in the conceptualization and empirical investigation of marketing phenomena. Practical implications: CRM practitioners can emphasize crucial events of the firm-customer relationship, which are likely to be associated with stronger rapport with customers. Originality/value: The paper promotes more explicit thinking about the temporal dimension in relationship marketing. Second, it advances understanding of the CRM process, since buyer-seller relationships are dynamic phenomena that embrace the concept of time. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Buyer-seller relationships | Customer relations,Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing,2006-07-03,Article,"Plakoyiannaki, Emmanuella;Saren, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247351656,,Picking the right valve,"Various ways to select a valve for having an efficient dispensing system are discussed. Assemblers have a range of different technologies, depending on the type of material and the type of product being built. Most of the industrial dispensing is done using some type of pneumatic valve employing the principle of time-pressure dispensing. The material being dispensed is presented under pressure to a valve where an air pulse, regulated by a programmable, digital controller, activates a piston connected to a stopper. Another valve type is diaphragm valves, which are highly resistant to the effects of sensitive or corrosive fluids, because the diaphragm separates the valve's actuating parts from the material being dispensed. Ball-and-seat type valve is suitable for low- to medium viscosity materials. Another solution for dispensing thicker materials is a poppet-or piston-type valve that opens and closes the dispensing channel. In addition, positive displacement valves and auger valves have also been developed for applications that require extreme precision.",,Assembly,2007-04-01,Article,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947194826,10.1080/09585190601167730,The time-pressure reducing potential of telehomeworking: The Dutch case,,Overtime | Survey | Telework | Time pressure | Work-home interference | Work-life balance,International Journal of Human Resource Management,2007-03-01,Article,"Peters, Pascale;van der Lippe, Tanja",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84894117311,10.1257/aer.104.2.609,The real value of open-source software is the community it fosters,"A single worker allocates her time among different projects which are progressively assigned. When the worker works on too many projects at the same time, the output rate decreases and completion time increases according to a law which we derive. We call this phenomenon ""task juggling"" and argue that it is pervasive in the workplace. We show that task juggling is a strategic substitute of worker effort. We then present a model where task juggling is the result of lobbying by clients, or coworkers, each seeking to get the worker to apply effort to his project ahead of the others'. Copyright © 2014 by the American Economic Association.",,American Economic Review,2014-02-01,Article,"Coviello, Decio;Ichino, Andrea;Persico, Nicola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84955066476,10.1007/978-0-387-78213-3_3,The effect of the balance between operators' processing abilities and required operating speed on operators' task performance and psycho-physiological state during simple repetitive work under time constraints,,,International Series in Operations Research and Management Science,2008-01-01,Book Chapter,"Murray, Kyle B.;Häubl, Gerald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947413575,,Deadline pressure drives CALEA compliance,,,Telephony,2007-02-19,Note,"Mcelligott, Tim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58449137185,10.1177/0018726708099518,The influence of time pressure on mood-congruent effects: Evaluating products with limited information,This article integrates self-efficacy theory with decision latitude theory to generate a typology of workload management strategies used by knowledge workers working under conditions of high job demands. We then propose that physical and emotional fatigue should differentially influence usage of these workload management strategies based on anticipated differences in their effects on selfefficacy. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our model with regards to knowledge workers who often face ongoing challenging job demands. Copyright © 2009 The Tavistock Institute ® SAGE Publications.,Burnout | Emotional exhaustion | Fatigue | Job demands | Measuring workload management strategies | Self-efficacy | Workload management strategies,Human Relations,2009-01-01,Article,"Barnes, Christopher M.;Van Dyne, Linn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947676429,10.1017/S1355617707070099,Developmental relations between working memory and inhibitory control,"Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) are general-purpose resources that guide cognition and behavior. In this study, the developmental relations between WM and IC were investigated in 96 typically developing children aged 6 to 17 years in an experimental task paradigm using an efficiency metric that combined speed and accuracy performance. The ability to activate and process information in WM showed protracted age-related growth. Performance involving WM and IC together was empirically distinguishable from that involving WM alone. The results indicate that developmental improvements in WM are attributable to increased processing efficiency in activation, suppression, and strategic resource deployment, and that WM and IC are best studied in novel, complex situations that elicit competition among those resources. © 2007 The International Neuropsychological Society.",Child development | Cognitive science | Inhibition | Memory | Prefrontal cortex | Speed-accuracy tradeoff measurement,Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,2007-01-01,Article,"Roncadin, Caroline;Pascual-Leone, Juan;Rich, Jill B.;Dennis, Maureen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34547142185,10.1145/1180875.1180882,Influence of impulsivity-reflexivity when testing dynamic spatial ability: Sex and g differences,"This study explores interruption patterns among software developers who program in pairs versus those who program solo. Ethnographic observations indicate that interruption length, content, type, occurrence time, and interrupter and interruptee strategies differed markedly for radically collocated pair programmers versus the programmers who primarily worked alone. After presenting an analysis of 242 interruptions drawn from more than 40 hours of observation data, we discuss how team configuration and work setting influenced how and when developers handled interruptions. We then suggest ways that CSCW systems might better support pair programming and, more broadly, provide interruption-handling support for workers in knowledge-intensive occupations. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Collaborative work | Ethnography | EXtreme programming | Interruptions | Pair programming,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Chong, Jan;Siino, Rosanne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893189967,10.1080/0969594X.2013.877872,Implementation intentions and disengagement from a failing course of action,"The objective of this study was to compare the effects of situations in which self-assessment was conducted using rubrics and situations in which no specific self-assessment tool was used. Two hundred and eighteen third-year pre-service teachers were assigned to either non-rubric or rubric self-assessment for designing a conceptual map. They then assessed their own maps. The dependent variables were self-regulation measured through a questionnaire and an open question on learning strategies use, performance based on an expert-assigned score, accuracy comparing self-scores with the expert's scores and task stress using one self-reported item. The results showed that the rubric group reported higher learning strategies use, performance and accuracy. However, the rubric group also reported more problems coping with stress and higher performance/avoidance self-regulation that was detrimental to learning. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.",accuracy | formative assessment | rubric | self-assessment | self-regulation,"Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice",2014-01-01,Article,"Panadero, Ernesto;Romero, Margarida",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749684676,10.1016/j.aos.2005.12.007,The software engineering timeline: A time management perspective,"This study traces events in an empirical setting where a key local space, ""The Meeting"", was made calculable. Building on field data from interviews and documentary sources at ABB Industry/Finland, the study theorizes in the interpretive genre, elaborating on the notion of the calculable space. It argues the following: Accounting can be extended into un-formalized and more elusive local spaces - into ""fluid"" spaces which are not clearly mapped within the organizational hierarchy, and which lie beyond recognized responsibility units or physically distinct cells at the factory floor. By opening visibility into the discretion of these ""fluid"" local spaces, a tighter alignment between programmatic ideals and real action at the organizational grass-root can be achieved. Self-devised non-financial measurement, mediating local tensions and the interests of ""autonomous"" actors, becomes the technology of government in this process of normalization - which is, however, not to be acknowledged as being unproblematic. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,"Accounting, Organizations and Society",2006-11-01,Article,"Vaivio, J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-63849174912,10.1177/0891243208331320,MRTA blue line Bangkok: Power supply for Thailand's first subway system [MRTA Blue Line Bangkok: Energieversorgung für die erste U-Bahn in Thailand],"There is debate about whether the post-Fordist or high-performance work organization can overcome the disadvantages women encounter in traditional gendered organizations. Some authors argue that substituting a performance logic for control by the clock offers opportunities for combining work and family life in a more natural way. Critics respond that these organizational reforms do not address the nonresponsibility of firms for caring duties at a more fundamental level. The authors address this debate through an analysis of overtime work, using data from a survey of 1,114 employees in 30 Dutch organizations. The findings reveal that post-Fordist work is associated with more overtime hours than traditional forms of work and that far from challenging gendered organization, it reproduces and exacerbates the traditional male model of work. © 2009 Sociologists for Women in Society.",Flexibility | Gendered organizations | Post-Fordist work | Working hours,Gender and Society,2009-01-01,Article,"Van Echtelt, Patricia;Glebbeek, Arie;Lewis, Suzan;Lindenberg, Siegwart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33751543723,10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.096,Effects of time pressure on verbal self-monitoring: An ERP study,"The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that is associated with action monitoring and error detection. The present study addressed the question whether or not an ERN occurs after verbal error detection, e.g., during phoneme monitoring. We obtained an ERN following verbal errors which showed a typical decrease in amplitude under severe time pressure. This result demonstrates that the functioning of the verbal self-monitoring system is comparable to other performance monitoring, such as action monitoring. Furthermore, we found that participants made more errors in phoneme monitoring under time pressure than in a control condition. This may suggest that time pressure decreases the amount of resources available to a capacity-limited self-monitor thereby leading to more errors. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",ERN | Phoneme monitoring | Speech production | Time pressure | Verbal self-monitoring,Brain Research,2006-12-13,Article,"Ganushchak, Lesya Y.;Schiller, Niels O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847741413,10.1109/ADC.2005.40,"First of May cutoff date for thousands of new agricultural machines: With ""mixed assembly"" against deadline pressure in the construction of agricultural machines [Erster Mai - Stichtag für Tausende Neuer Landmaschinen: Mit ""Mixmontage"" Gegen Termindruck im Landmaschinenbau]","This is an ethnographic study of two software development teams within the same organization, one which utilizes the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology and one which does not. This study compares the work routines and work practices of the software developers on the XP team and the non-XP team. Observed behavior suggests that certain features of the XP methodology lead to greater uniformity in work routine and work practice across individual team members. The data also suggest that the XP methodology makes awareness development and maintenance less effortful on a software development team. © 2005 IEEE.",,Proceedings - AGILE Confernce 2005,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Chong, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896363868,10.1111/ntwe.12025,Overcoming the MUM effect in it project reporting: The effect of time pressure and blame shifting,"This paper outlines a selection of technological and organisational developments in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector and analyses their likely challenges for workers and trade unions around the globe. It addresses the convergence of telecommunications and information technology, the related developments of ubiquitous computing, 'clouds' and 'big data', and the possibilities of crowdsourcing and relates these technologies to the last decades' patterns of value chain restructuring. The paper is based on desk research of European and international sources, on sector analyses and technology forecasts by, for instance, the European Union and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and some national actors. These prognoses are analysed through the lens of recent research into ICT working environments and ICT value chains, identifying upcoming and ongoing challenges for both workers and unions, and outlining possible research perspectives. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",Globalisation | ICT | Restructuring | Technology | Unions | Virtual work,"New Technology, Work and Employment",2014-01-01,Article,"Holtgrewe, Ursula",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650027384,10.1145/1316624.1316686,A cognitively-grounded approach: Customer behavior pattern discovery in an online shopping environment,"The paper systematically explores the social dimension of external interruptions of human activities. Interruptions and interruption handling are key issues in human-computer interaction (HCI) and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) research. However, existing research has almost exclusively dealt with effects of interruptions on individual tasks. In this paper we call for expanding the scope of analysis by including the effect of interruptions on the social context. We identify four facets of the social 'ripple effect' of interruptions: location, communication, collaboration, and interpersonal relation. We discuss the advantages of extending the notion of interruptions and its implications for future research. © 2007 ACM.",Collaboration | Communication | Interpersonal relation | Interruptee | Interrupter | Interruptions | Location | Social context,GROUP'07 - Proceedings of the 2007 International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harr, Rikard;Kaptelinin, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34249743784,10.1177/0018726707079199,Group information seeking in a computer-simulated environment: An application to emergency response,"This article examines the implications for working-class employees of reducing work hours, specifically when over time is cur tailed in hourly jobs. Much of the literature on work/life balance recommends a reduction in hours for professional employees. We find that the income from over time hours solves a host of work/family problems for working-class employees, ranging from the basic need to 'make ends meet' to the more hidden strains of caring for extended families and dealing with divorce, illness, and addiction. Effor ts to reduce hours will be met with resistance not relief. Our depiction of working-class concerns helps the work/family literature to move beyond a focus on professionals and to tackle tough trade-offs regarding livelihood and quality of life. Copyright © 2007 The Tavistock Institute ® SAGE Publications.",Change | Class | Hours | Resistance | Time | Work/family,Human Relations,2007-05-01,Article,"Lautsch, Brenda A.;Scully, Maureen A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869870657,10.1016/j.cpa.2012.02.001,A study on how time pressure and information load affects operators performance in accident scenarios,"Recently, there has been an increased focus on finance as a form of control in corporations. In this paper, we explore financialization as an employee control strategy in a Big Four accountancy firm, and more specifically how it affects the everyday lives of the professionals within the firm. We found financialization involved attempts to transform employees working lives into an investment activity where work was experienced as 'billable hours' that are 'invested' in the hope of a high future pay-off. Employees sought to increase the value of their investment by skilful manipulation. If wisely managed, this investment could yield significant benefits in the future. We argue that financialization involves active employee participation and is a way of binding other forms of control together. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.",Accounting firms | Financialization | Management control | Performance management | Public interest,Critical Perspectives on Accounting,2012-12-01,Article,"Alvehus, Johan;Spicer, André",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59249095694,10.1145/1409635.1409667,Time Stress: Dealing with the Stress Associated with time Pressure,"Ubiquitous computing research has recently focused on 'busyness' in American households. While these projects have generated important insights into coordination and communication, we think they overlook the more spontaneous and opportunistic activities that surround and support the scheduled ones. Using data from our mixed-methods study of notebook and ultra-mobile PC use, we argue for a different perspective based on a metaphor of 'plastic'. 'Plastic' captures the way technologies, specifically computers, have integrated into the heterogeneous rhythms of daily life. Plastic technologies harmonize with and support daily life by filling opportunistic gaps, shrinking and expanding until interrupted, not demanding conscious coordination, supporting multitasking, and by deferring to external contingencies. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Attention | Busyness | Personal computers | Plastic | Temporality,UbiComp 2008 - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Rattenbury, Tye;Nafus, Dawn;Anderson, Ken",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56549094347,10.1007/s00397-006-0116-0,Influence of long-chain branching on time-pressure and time-temperature shift factors for polystyrene and polyethylene,"Rheological characterizations were carried out for two polystyrenes. One was a linear polymer with Mw=222,000 g/mol and Mw/Mn=2, while the other was a randomly branched polystyrene with Mw=678,000 g/mol and a broad molecular weight distribution. Experiments performed included oscillatory shear to determine the storage and loss moduli as functions of frequency and temperature, viscosity as a function of shear rate and pressure, and multi-angle light scattering to determine the radius of gyration as a function of molecular weight. The presence of branching in one sample was clearly revealed by the radius of gyration and the low-frequency portion of the complex viscosity curve. Data are also shown for three polyethylene copolymers, one (LLDPE) made using a Ziegler catalyst and two made using metallocene catalysts, one (BmPE) with and one (LmPE) without long-chain branching (LCB). While the distribution of comonomer is known to be much more uniform in LmPE than in LLDPE, the pressure shift factors were the same for these two polymers. The pressure and temperature shift factors of the two polystyrenes were identical, but, in the case of polyethylene, the presence of a small amount of LCB in the BmPE had a definite effect on the shift factors. These observations are discussed in terms of the relative roles of free volume and thermal activation in the effects of temperature and pressure. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.",Long-chain branching | Pressure effect | Shift factor | Temperature effect | Viscosity,Rheologica Acta,2006-12-01,Article,"Park, Hee Eon;Dealy, John;Münstedt, Helmut",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44449161478,,Effects of distributed teamwork and time pressure on collaborative planning quality,"Distributed teamwork is not without its difficulties. The detrimental aspects of geographical dispersion of team members on effective teamwork are often invoked to justify reluctance ""to go virtual"", despite the fact that for some tasks, and under some conditions, distributed environments may be as good as, or perhaps even better than, meeting face-to-face. To test this assertion we compared radio communication and a more sophisticated communication environment to colocated face-to-face meetings on a collaborative planning task. The planning task required 36 dyads, working under low or high time-pressure conditions, to combine information and to produce a written plan. Our results confirm the detrimental effects of time pressure on the quality of collaborative planning and support the notion that distributed teams can produce work that is as good as work produced in face-to-face meetings.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Van Der Kleij, Rick;Rasker, Peter C.;Lijkwan, Jameela T.E.;De Dreu, Carsten K.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955232130,10.1016/j.chb.2009.12.009,Classification of fatal firefighter accidents in the Netherlands,"Affordances of information communication technology (ICT) are often thought to influence communicators' usage of a communication technology. This is not surprising since ICTs vary on different dimensions; some ICTs may impose constraints while others afford certain resources. Despite the widespread usage of ICTs in the workplace, we are still not clear about how affordances of ICTs support communicators during ICT-supported interaction. This exploratory study aims to understand the relationship between affordances of ICTs and perceived communication failures (i.e. low, moderate, high). Data for this research was collected from a leading global IT consulting company. We found strong association between affordances of ICT and perceived communication failures. In particular, we found that textual and audio affordances were used to manage high perceived communication failures. Additionally, we were able to identify the core and tangential affordances of ICTs that were useful to help organization communicators enhance their communication competence and reduce potential communication failures. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Affordances | Communication failures | Computer-mediated communication | Human perception | ICT use | Organizational communication,Computers in Human Behavior,2010-07-01,Article,"Lee, Chei Sian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548683703,10.5210/fm.v12i8.1973,An architecture for decision support and training in emergency operations centers,"The combination of e-mail overload and interruptions is widely recognized as a major disrupter of knowledge worker productivity and quality of life, yet few organizations take serious action against it. This paper makes the case that this action should be a high priority, by analyzing the severe impact of the problem in both qualitative and quantitative terms. We attempt to provide sufficient supporting data from the scientific literature and from corporate surveys to enable change agents to make the case and convince their organizations to authorize such action. Copyright © 2007, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.",,First Monday,2007-08-06,Article,"Zeldes, Nathan;Sward, David;Louchheim, Sigal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863489948,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.04.002,A neuro-fuzzy inference system for the evaluation of new product development projects,"Context: Communication, collaboration and coordination are key enablers of software development and even more so in agile methods. The physical environment of the workspace plays a significant role in effective communication, collaboration, and coordination among people while developing software. Objective: In this paper, we have studied and further evaluated empirically the effect of different constituents of physical environment on communication, coordination, and collaboration, respectively. The study aims to provide a guideline for prospective agile software developers. Method: A survey was conducted among software developers at a software development organization. To collect data, a survey was carried out along with observations, and interviews. Results: It has been found that half cubicles are 'very effective' for the frequency of communication. Further, half cubicles were discovered 'effective' but not 'very effective' for the quality/effectiveness of communication. It is found that half-height cubicles and status boards are 'very effective' for the coordination among team members according to the survey. Communal/discussion space is found to be 'effective' but not 'very effective' for coordination among team members. Our analysis also reveals that half-height glass barriers are 'very effective' during the individuals problem-solving activities while working together as a team. Infact, such a physically open environment appears to improve communication, coordination, and collaboration. Conclusion: According to this study, an open working environment with only half-height glass barriers and communal space plays a major role in communication among team members. The presence of status boards significantly help in reducing unnecessary communication by providing the required information to individuals and therefore, in turn reduce distractions a team member may confront in their absence. As communication plays a significant role in improving coordination and collaboration, it is not surprising to find the effect of open working environment and status boards in improving coordination and collaboration. An open working environment increases the awareness among software developers e.g. who is doing what, what is on the agenda, what is taking place, etc. That in turn, improves coordination among them. A communal/discussion space helps in collaboration immensely. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Agile software development | Collaboration | Communication | Coordination | Physical settings,Information and Software Technology,2012-10-01,Article,"Mishra, Deepti;Mishra, Alok;Ostrovska, Sofiya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247846273,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17003-5,Eye tracking to identify strategies used by readers seeking information from on-line texts,"Workplace temporalities are being reshaped under globalization. Some scholars argue that work time is becoming more flexible, de-territorializing, and even disappearing. I provide an alternative picture of what is happening to work time by focusing on the customer service call center industry in India. Through case studies of three firms, and interviews with 80 employees, managers, and officials, I show how this industry involves a ""reversal"" of work time in which organizations and their employees shift their schedules entirely to the night. Rather than liberation from time, workers experience a hyper-management, rigidification, and re-territorialization of temporalities. This temporal order pervades both the physical and virtual tasks of the job, and has consequences for workers' health, families, future careers, and the wider community of New Delhi. I argue that this trend is prompted by capital mobility within the information economy, expansion of the service sector, and global inequalities of time, and is reflective of an emerging stratification of employment temporalities across lines of the Global North and South. © 2007.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Rebecca Poster, Winifred",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859600845,10.1080/13668803.2011.609661,Expert performance in law enforcement: Are skilled performers more effectively constraining the situation to resolve representative dynamic tasks than novices?,"This study investigated employees' motives for using two types of flexible work arrangements (FWA), flextime and flexplace. Using a sample of workers with high job flexibility (university academics), we examined both the prevalence of different motives (life management and work-related) and how these motives vary according to several individual differences (gender, family responsibility, marital status, and work-nonwork segmentation preferences). Overall, results indicated that employees are more driven to use FWA by work-related motives than by life management motives. Those with greater family responsibilities and those married/living with a partner were more likely to endorse life management motives, whereas individuals with greater segmentation preferences were more motivated to use FWA by workrelated motives. Findings regarding gender were contrary to expectations based on traditional gender roles, as there were no gender differences in life management motives but women more highly endorsed work-related motives than did men. The main implications of the findings are that individuals recognize FWA as not only a work-family policy, but also as a potential means to increase productivity. Individual differences relate to why workers use available flexible policies. Additional theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",flexible work arrangements | flexplace | flextime | motives | segmentation,"Community, Work and Family",2012-05-01,Article,"Shockley, Kristen M.;Allen, Tammy D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748697631,10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.020,A choice reaction-time task in the rat: A new model using air-puff stimuli and lever-release responses,"We have developed a two-lever choice reaction-time (RT) task to investigate the behavioral and neural mechanisms of stimulus-response compatibility in rats. In the task, the rat pressed two levers with its forepaws during the preparation period of each trial, and then quickly responded to an air-puff stimulus on its left or right forepaw by releasing the lever on the same side (compatible condition) or the opposite side (incompatible condition) of the stimulus. Twenty rats successfully learned the task in both the compatible and incompatible conditions. Two stimulus-response compatibility effects were observed: the RT was shorter and the error rate was lower in the compatible condition than in the incompatible condition. The trial sequence also affected the results and a speed-accuracy tradeoff was observed. These results are consistent with those reported for human RT tasks. Furthermore, a lesion in the forepaw-sensorimotor cortex caused increases in the RTs for stimulus detection and/or response movement with the contralateral forepaw, suggesting that the task was mediated by this brain area. We conclude that this instrumental task for rats can be regarded as a model for human RT tasks and can be used to investigate the neural basis of the compatibility effects. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cortical lesion | Learning | Response time | Reverse task | Sequential effect | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Behavioural Brain Research,2006-11-01,Article,"Kaneko, Hidekazu;Tamura, Hiroshi;Kawashima, Takahiro;Suzuki, Shinya S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36148938339,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06005-5,Gender-specific movement strategies using a computer-pointing task,"Achieving temporal synchronization may require that work groups develop shared cognitions about the time-related demands they face. We investigated the extent to which group members developed shared cognitions with respect to the three temporal perceptions: time orientation (present vs. future), time compression, and time management (scheduling and time management). We argue that group members are more likely to align their perceptions to temporal characteristics of the group or organizational context (e.g. time compression, scheduling, proper time allocation) rather than to each other's individual time orientations. Survey data collected from 104 work groups are largely consistent with these expectations. The implications of shared cognitions on time for work group functioning and performance are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Bartel, Caroline A.;Milliken, Frances J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349556032,10.1002/hfm.20164,"Time is money-Time pressure, incentives, and the quality of decision-making","Effective communication, collaboration, and coordination are important contributing factors in achieving success in agile software development projects. The significance of the workplace environment and tools are immense in effective communication, collaboration, and coordination among people performing software development. In this article, we study how the workplace environment and the effective use of tools like whiteboards, status boards, and so forth for exchanging information improved communication, collaboration, and coordination without compromising the ability to do individual work by developers in a small-scale software development organization. Based on experience and an extensive literature review of communication, collaboration, coordination, and the significance of these in the workplace environment, a survey questionnaire was developed to collect data and observe the effect of these in a small software development organization. Our study indicated appropriate workspace environment has a positive effect on communication, collaboration, and coordination in small organizations developing software using eXtreme Programming (XP). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",,Human Factors and Ergonomics In Manufacturing,2009-10-05,Article,"Mishra, Deepti;Mishra, Alok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749540375,10.1177/160940690400300303,"Stress at work: Linear and curvilinear effects of psychological-, job-, and organization-related factors: An exploratory study of Trinidad and Tobago","In this article, we argue for the existence of a relationship between metanarrative and leadership effectiveness that is mediated by personal meaning. After analyzing the relevant literatures, we present a model that attributes this relationship to the capacity of metanarrative to produce meaning through the interpretive frames of Telos (teleological context), Chronos (historical-narrative context), and Hermēneia (interpretive context). We begin with a review of the leadership effectiveness literature followed by a discussion of the theoretical foundations of the concepts of meaning and metanarrative. From this review, we derive a set of propositions that describe the nature of the interrelationships among the constructs of interest and present a theoretical model that captures the proposed relationships. We conclude by suggesting several streams of research designed to evaluate the proposed model and with recommendations for further study.",constructivism | interpretivism | life stories | meaning | narrative,International Journal of Qualitative Methods,2004-09-01,Article,"Irving, Justin A.;Klenke, Karin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747468994,10.1108/13620430610683061,Decision making under time pressure with different information sources and performance-based financial incentives: part 3,"Purpose - To explore whether workaholism seems to be a pre-requisite for success in the high-technology industry. Design/methodology/approach - Survey results from a team of fourteen managers are used as a case study, to examine tendencies believed to relate to workaholism. A variety of cross comparisons are presented as scatter plots to frame the discussion, along with composite profiles of individual managers. Findings - While some of the managers seemed to represent the archetypal workaholic, some were quite the opposite. Others classified as either moderate or at-risk. Research limitations/implications - Study took place within one company and using measures taken within a relatively short time span of several months. Statistical comparisons were not possible with a group of 14. The management group was exclusively male, eliminating any potential for gender comparisons. Practical implications - These managers had proven success within the same company and a high demand industry. Yet some did not display workaholic characteristics, refuting the idea that a demanding and fast-paced environment requires one must be a workaholic to succeed. Originality/value - Multiple measurement scales are used to develop composite profiles based on various aspects suggesting workaholism. This is an important examination of differences among managers within a context often cited as supporting, or perhaps requiring, workaholic tendencies. These examples indicate that employees need not sacrifice all else for work in order to get ahead. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Addiction | Managers | Workaholism,Career Development International,2006-08-25,Article,"Porter, Gayle",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845300212,10.1002/sdr.344,Effects of ethanol and promethazine on awareness of errors and judgements of performance,"Project-based professional service organisations supply tailored, one-off projects to individual clients. Specific types of client relationships and the non-routine, creative nature of work combine to make management of these businesses particularly demanding. A common challenge is managing resources across a fluctuating workload. It is usually assumed that external dynamics dictate workload and the scope to manage resources. Firms often accept these conditions believing that there is little they can do to moderate fluctuations. This paper examines the internal causes of workload fluctuation showing that approaches to acquiring work can create significant future problems. A system dynamics model is developed to explore resource deployment and the interaction between business and project processes. We find that it is possible to make a significant difference to workload fluctuations and resourcing if internal factors are considered and managed. The paper concludes by showing that a bidding strategy using staff not currently engaged in project work is superior to having a dedicated work acquisition department as long as the project pipeline and resource requirements are properly considered. In some circumstances, firms are better to do nothing, leaving staff idle, than to bid for and win new work. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2006-09-01,Article,"Bayer, Steffen;Gann, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880319955,10.5465/amj.2010.0927,"Of shiny boxes and complex processes: Challenges, collaboration, and creativity at the interface of technology and family systems health care","We investigated structural support as a work design characteristic potentially enabling employee effectiveness in demanding contexts, proposing that structural support enhances job and role outcomes for employees but that effects depend on both the outcome under consideration (job vs. role) and the employees themselves. We tested hypotheses in a within-persons quasi-experiment in which 48 hospital doctors carried out their work with and without structural support. Structural support had positive effects on perceived core job performance, and these effects were stronger for individuals with higher clarity about others' work roles, suggesting that individuals can better mobilize available support when clear about how to allocate it. Support was also associated with improved role outcomes although, consistently with conservation of resources theory, effects differed with affect. For individuals with higher negative work affect, structural support was associated with lowered perceived role overload (a resource protection mechanism). For individuals with lower negative work affect, support was associated with higher perceived skill utilization and proactive work behavior (a resource accumulation mechanism). We approach social support at work in a novel way, extend relational approaches to work design, and show the value of considering both job and role outcomes in work redesign research. © Academy of Management Journal.",,Academy of Management Journal,2013-06-01,Article,"Parker, Sharon K.;Johnson, Anya;Collins, Catherine;Nguyen, Helena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036155612,10.1016/S1471-7727(01)00013-6,"Display dimensionality, conflict geometry, and time pressure effects on conflict detection and resolution performance using cockpit displays of traffic information","'Reframing', a managerial tool for understanding organizational complexity (Bolman & Deal, 1997), is applied to Australian households that possess a large amount of information and communication technology (ICT). Applying reframing to interviews conducted in households indicates that major changes, including some contradictory changes, are occurring as a result of adopting ICT and home-based working. Viewed through the structural frame, boundaries between work and home are blurring, while simultaneously attempts are being made to reinforce the separation of these activities. The human resource frame indicates ICT is improving communication, convenience and recreation, but hampering relationships and increasing interference and distractions. Looked at through the political frame, power shifts and new ICT-related conflicts occur, but members are also empowered by having their own ICTs to achieve individual goals. Finally, symbolism arises from the very presence of ICT and work activities in the home, enabling the emergence of dual identities, 'household' and 'workplace'. The findings are discussed in the context of contradictory organizational consequences of ICT reported in other situations. In relation to remote working, it is suggested that the household is a vital third element, in addition to the employer and employee, and that reframing can be used by those considering home-based working, to help them understand the likely impacts on their household and to facilitate the transition to home-based working. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Contradictory impacts | Home based work | Household | Information and communication technology | Organizational change | Reframing | Remote working | Virtual organization,Information and Organization,2002-02-05,Article,"Avery, G. C.;Baker, E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746810025,10.3139/120.100744,Material database with fatigue strength data for calculation and construction [Werkstoffdatenbank mit schwingfestigkeitsdaten für berechnung und konstruktion],"To realise product development in shorter and shorter times and with the highest quality, release with the manufacturers a rising time pressure and cost pressure. Under these requirements FEA and simulation calculations take a dominant role for the security of the load corresponding component engineering and dimensioning. As input values reproduceable, reliable data and information are necessary for the fatigue strength behaviour, which are quick available and uniform represented. The contribution introduces outgoing from the requirements relevant for practise for the life prediction and the role of the fatigue strength a complex material database with a fatigue strength behaviour module. © Carl Hanser Verlag.",,Materialpruefung/Materials Testing,2006-01-01,Article,"Geißler, Gottfried",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746368370,10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.013,Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Olfaction,"The basic psychophysical principle of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) has been used to understand key aspects of neuronal information processing in vision and audition, but the principle of SAT is still debated in olfaction. In this study we present the direct observation of SAT in olfaction. We developed a behavioral paradigm for mice in which both the duration of odorant sampling and the difficulty of the odor discrimination task were controlled by the experimenter. We observed that the accuracy of odor discrimination increases with the duration of imposed odorant sampling, and that the rate of this increase is slower for harder tasks. We also present a unifying picture of two previous, seemingly disparate experiments on timing of odorant sampling in odor discrimination tasks. The presence of SAT in olfaction provides strong evidence for temporal integration in olfaction and puts a constraint on models of olfactory processing. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",SYSNEURO,Neuron,2006-08-03,Article,"Rinberg, Dmitry;Koulakov, Alexei;Gelperin, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58449110919,10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00434.x,Inhibition of return: Sensitivity and criterion as a function of response time,"Social interruptions are frequent occurrences that often have distressing consequences for employees, yet little research has gauged their effect on individuals. Participants were exposed to 2 social interruptions as they engaged in a computer task with an accepted performance goal. Participants who were able to anticipate social interruptions performed significantly better than did those who could not anticipate them. Participants who had the opportunity to prevent interruptions reported significantly less stress than those who did not have this opportunity. This reduction in stress resulted even when participants did not take advantage of this opportunity. Implications for job performance and job satisfaction are discussed. Organizational strategies for how leaders can help employees manage social interruptions are suggested. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",,Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2009-01-01,Article,"Carton, Andrew M.;Aiello, John R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748499349,10.1177/0266242606067276,Diamond-like layers from the gas phase. Expanded design element with big savings potential [Diamantaehnliche Schichten aus der Gasphase. Erweitertes Konstruktionelement mit Hohem Einsparpotential],"Research into family businesses has a long history of lacking theoretical underpinnings, especially with respect to strategy. Moreover, the family of the firms in question has frequently been assumed to be Anglo-Saxon, unless the family business of an ethnic minority has been the specific subject of the research. This article broadens the prevailing discourse by studying the strategic affinities of an ethnic family firm in the context of Whittington's (1993) framework, which proposed four approaches to the study of business strategy. The subject of this study, GOF, is a medium-sized family firm controlled by a South Asian family specializing in the wholesale distribution of ethnic foods and drinks in the UK. The management of this firm believes that its successful firm (of 35 years standing) has never had a strategy. However, a multiparadigmatic examination of the narrative of this family business reveals that there are several ways in which to gain an understanding of business strategy in medium-sized family firms. Copyright © 2006 SAGE Publications.",Case study | Ethnicity | Family firm | Qualitative | Small-business | South Asian | Strategy | Strategy paradigms,International Small Business Journal,2006-10-01,Article,"Bhalla, Ajay;Henderson, Steven;Watkins, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858166700,10.1145/2145204.2145345,The curvilinear relation between experienced creative time pressure and creativity: Moderating effects of openness to experience and support for creativity,"It is well established that distributed software projects benefit from informal communication. However, it is less clear how patterns of informal communication impact the performance of the individual developers. In a study of communication networks in a large commercial software project, we found that individuals performed better when they were central within a team's communication network but their performance worsened if they were central within the communication for the whole project. On the other hand, individuals embedded in a dense communication cluster at the team and at the project level perform better than those who were not embedded. The effects for both network positions were maintained even after controlling for formal role, individual differences in communication, workload and other factors that drive communication. We discuss the implications of the results for intra- and inter-team communication and for the inclusion of network structure into the design of collaborative and awareness tools. © 2012 ACM.",centrality | closure | communication | coordination | geographically distrubuted software development | social network analysis,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2012-03-19,Conference Paper,"Ehrlich, Kate;Cataldo, Marcelo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548234162,10.1145/1188835.1188849,The persuasiveness of framed commercial messages: A note on marketing implications for the airline industry,"Recent research has shown that developers spend significant amounts of time navigating around code. Much of this time is spent on redundant navigations to code that the developer previously found. This is necessary today because existing development environments do not enable users to easily collect relevant information, such as web pages, textual notes, and code fragments. JASPER is a new system that allows users to collect relevant artifacts into a working set for easy reference. These artifacts are visible in a single view that represents the user's current task and allows users to easily make each artifact visible within its context. We predict that JASPER will significantly reduce time spent on redundant navigations. In addition, JASPER will facilitate multitasking, interruption management, and sharing task information with other developers. © 2006 ACM.",Concerns | Eclipse | Natural programming | Programmer efficiency | Programming environments,"Proceedings of the 2006 OOPSLA Workshop on Eclipse Technology eXchange, ETX 2006",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Coblenz, Michael J.;Ko, Andrew J.;Myers, Brad A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745844855,10.1016/j.visres.2005.12.015,Attention speeds processing across eccentricity: Feature and conjunction searches,"IBM Community Tools (ICT) is a synchronous broadcast messaging system in use by a very large, globally distributed organization. ICT is interesting for a number of reasons, including its scale of use (thousands of users per day), its usage model of employing large scale broadcast to strangers to initiate small group interactions, and the fact that it is a synchronous system used across multiple time zones. In this paper we characterize the use of ICT in its context, examine the activities for which it is used, the motivations of its users, and the values they derive from it. We also explore problems with the system, and look at the social and technical ways in which users deal with them. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Broadcast messaging | Chat | CMC | CSCW | IM | Instant messaging | Social computing,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2006-07-17,Conference Paper,"Weisz, Justin D.;Erickson, Thomas;Kellogg, Wendy A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747074143,,High-stakes troubleshooting,"The various stages of high-stakes troubleshooting in nuclear power plant are discussed. When a plant goes down, pressure is mounted on the troubleshooter. The 'think first, act later' approach pays off in troubleshooting. A major obstacle to successful problem solving under time pressure is failing to identify the one problem that needs to be solved. Before problem analysis begins, team members agree on an accurate, specific statement of a single, top-priority problem. The next stage of the troubleshooting is the right questions and right answers. Whenever possible, check, double-check and triple-check the facts people provide and identify those employees who have been around the longest and have the most reliable memory. Information is gathered in an orderly, step-by-step sequence when the team uses the same process. The importance of having right people is also stressed as it often takes less than one hour to create a problem specification and test possible causes.",,"Power Engineering (Barrington, Illinois)",2006-06-01,Article,"Edelman, Geoff",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855698276,10.1007/s10796-010-9242-4,"""I wish we had more time to spend together..."": The distribution and predictors of perceived family time pressures among married men and women in the paid labor force","Email consumes as much as a quarter of knowledge workers' time in organizations today. Almost a necessity for communication, email does interrupt a worker's other main tasks and ultimately leads to information overload. Though issues such as spam, email filtering and archiving have received much attention from industry and academia, the critical problem of the timing of email processing has not been studied much. It is common for many knowledge workers to check and respond to their email almost continuously. Though some emails may require very quick responses, checking emails almost continuously may lead to interruptions in regular knowledge work. Managing email processing can make a significant difference in an organization's productivity. Previous research on this topic suggests that perhaps the best way to minimize the effect of interruptions is to process email frequently for example, every 45 min. In this study, we focus on studying email response timing approaches to optimize the communication times and yet reduce the interruptive effects. We investigate previous recommendations by performing a twophase study involving rigorous simulation experiments. Models were developed for identifying efficient and effective email processing policies by comparing various ways to reduce interruptions for different types of knowledge workers. In contrast to earlier research findings, results indicate that significant productivity improvements could be achieved through the use of some email processing policies while helping attain a balance between email response time and task completion time. Findings also suggest that the best policy may be to respond to email two to four times a day instead of every 45 min or continuously, as is common with many knowledge workers. We conclude by presenting many research opportunities for analytical and organizational IS researchers. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.",Email management | Interruption | Performance | Simulation modeling,Information Systems Frontiers,2011-11-01,Article,"Gupta, Ashish;Sharda, Ramesh;Greve, Robert A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84936966814,10.1287/mnsc.2014.2052,Work stress and patient safety: Observer-rated work stressors as predictors of characteristics of safety-related events reported by young nurses,"When do scientists and other innovators organize into collaborative teams, and why do they do so for some projects and not others? At the core of this important organizational choice is, we argue, a trade-off scientists make between the productive efficiency of collaboration and the credit allocation that arises after the completion of collaborative work. In this paper, we explore this trade-off by developing a model to structure our understanding of the factors shaping researcher collaborative choices, in particular the implicit allocation of credit among participants in scientific projects. We then use the annual research activity of 661 faculty scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology over a 31-year period to explore the trade-off between collaboration and reward at the individual faculty level and to infer critical parameters in the collaborative organization of scientific work.",Academic science | Collaboration | Productivity | Science | Scientific credit,Management Science,2015-07-01,Conference Paper,"Bikard, Michaël;Murray, Fiona;Gans, Joshua S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963736567,10.5465/amj.2014.0262,Managing intergroup attitudes among Hong Kong adolescents: Effects of social category inclusiveness and time pressure,"Although the general picture in the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) literature is that OCB has positive consequences for employees and organizations, an emerging stream of work has begun to examine the potential negative consequences of OCB for actors. Drawing from the cognitive-affective processing system framework and conservation of resources theory, we present an integrative model that simultaneously examines the benefits and costs of daily OCB for actors. Utilizing an experience sampling methodology through which 82 employees were surveyed for 10 workdays, we find that daily OCB is associated with positive affect, but it also interferes with perceptions of work goal progress. Positive affect and work goal progress in turn mediate the effects of OCB on daily well-being. Moreover, employees' trait regulatory focus influences the strength of the daily relationships between OCB and its positive and negative outcomes. We conclude by discussing theoretical and practical implications of our multilevel model.",,Academy of Management Journal,2016-04-01,Article,"Koopman, Joel;Lanaj, Klodiana;Scott, Brent A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247850932,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17004-7,"Location, knowledge and time pressures in the spatial structure of convenience voting","Previous research suggests that teams pace their change either internally to coincide with the midpoint, deadline, or task phases, or externally by entraining to exogenous pacers. Other research suggests that teams adapt to random environmental shocks. This paper investigates if, how, and when endogenous, exogenous, and random pacers affect the patterns of change in groups. We studied five software development teams during a turbulent two-year period. Our case studies and supporting analyses suggest that teams perform a ""dance of entrainment""-simultaneously creating multiple rhythms and choreographing their activities to mesh with different pacers at different times. © 2007.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Ancona, Deborah;Waller, Mary J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-30844448765,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:2(182),Effects of schedule pressure on construction performance,"Accelerating a project can be rewarding. The consequences, however, can be troublesome if productivity and quality are sacrificed for the sake of remaining ahead of schedule, such that the actual schedule benefits are often barely worth the effort. The tradeoffs and paths of schedule pressure-and its causes and effects-are often overlooked when schedule decisions are being made. This paper analyzes the effects that schedule pressure has on construction performance, and focuses on tradeoffs in scheduling. A research framework has been developed using a causal diagram to illustrate the cause-and-effect analysis of schedule pressure. An empirical investigation has been performed by using survey data collected from 102 construction practitioners working in 38 construction sites in Singapore. The results of this survey data analysis indicate that advantages of increasing the pace of work-by working under schedule pressure-can be offset by losses in productivity and quality. The negative effects of schedule pressure arise mainly by working out of sequence, generating work defects, cutting corners, and losing the motivation to work. The adverse effects of schedule pressure can be minimized by scheduling construction activities realistically and planning them proactively, motivating workers, and by establishing an effective project coordination and communication mechanism. © 2006 ASCE.",Construction management | Labor | Productivity | Quality control | Scheduling,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2006-02-01,Article,"Nepal, Madhav Prasad;Park, Moonseo;Son, Bosik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645155042,10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00242.x,Under pressure: Gender differences in the relationship between free time and feeling rushed,"Free time has the potential to reduce time pressures, yet previous studies paradoxically report increases in free time concurrent with increases in feeling rushed. Using U.S. time diary data from 708 individuals in 1975 and 964 individuals in 1998, we review the evidence on trends in free time and subjective perceptions of feeling rushed, and reexamine the relationship between free time and time pressure. We find that women's time pressure increased significantly between 1975 and 1998 but men's did not. In addition, the effects of objective time constraints vary by gender. Whereas more free time reduces men's perceptions of feeling rushed at both time points, among women, free time marginally reduced time pressure in 1975 but no longer reduced time pressure in 1998. Our findings suggest that persistent inequality in gendered time-use patterns is paralleled by gendered experiences of time pressure.",Gender | Leisure | Time pressure | Work and family,Journal of Marriage and Family,2006-02-01,Article,"Mattingly, Marybeth J.;Sayer, Liana C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75849121888,10.1002/job.654,Acceptance of telematics by Czech and British drivers,"Scholars have long debated the advantages and disadvantages of formalization. Although many researchers have suggested that formalization is likely to be disadvantageous in the dynamic environments currently faced by organizations and employees, formalization appears to be increasingly pervasive in modern organizations. Since scholars have suggested that the effects of formalization may depend on the way it is implemented, I examine work design as a key contingency for the successful implementation of formalization. Based on examination and integration of work design, organizational theory, and cognitive perspectives, I conclude that formalization is actually more advantageous and viable in the current work context. However, neither work design nor formalization individually is sufficient for organizations seeking to cope with current challenges. Rather, both interact and thus represent key levers for organizations seeking to thrive in the modern work context. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2010-02-01,Article,"Juillerat, Tina L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922785481,10.1108/ITP-08-2013-0155,An empirical analysis of the effects of auditor time budget pressure and time deadline pressure,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that mobile technologies play in mobile workers’ efforts to manage the boundaries between work and non-work domains. Previous theories of work-life boundary management frame boundary management strategies as a range between the segmentation and integration of work-life domains, but fail to provide a satisfactory account of technology’s role. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply the concept of affordances, defined as the relationship between users’ abilities and features of mobile technology, in two field studies of a total of 25 mobile workers who used a variety of mobile devices and services. Findings – The results demonstrate that the material features of mobile technologies offer five specific affordances that mobile workers use in managing work-life boundaries: mobility, connectedness, interoperability, identifiability and personalization. These affordances persist in their influence across time, despite their connection to different technology features. Originality/value – The author found that mobile workers’ boundary management strategies do not fit comfortably along a linear segmentation-integration continuum. Rather, mobile workers establish a variety of personalized boundary management practices to match their particular situations. The authors speculate that mobile technology has core material properties that endure over time. The authors surmise that these material properties provide opportunities for users to interact with them in a manner to make the five affordances possible. Therefore, in the future, actors interacting with mobile devices to manage their work-life boundaries may experience affordances similar to those the authors observed because of the presence of the core material properties.",Affordances | Interpretivist research | Mobile systems | Mobility,Information Technology and People,2015-03-02,Article,"Cousins, Karlene;Robey, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877645160,10.1287/orsc.1120.0738,Speed-accuracy tradeoffs in rapid bimanual aiming movements,"Based on a comparative field study of two software development projects, we use ethnographic methods of observation and interview to examine the question of how interdependent individuals develop and maintain mutual focus of attention on a shared task, which we define as the group engagement process. Drawing on Randall Collins' interaction ritual theory, we identify how mutual focus of attention develops through the presence of a task bubble that focuses attention by creating barriers to outsiders and through the effective use of task-related artifacts. Shared emotion both results from mutual focus of attention and reinforces it. Through our comparison between the two projects, we show that the group engagement process is enabled by factors at the individual (individual engagement), interaction (frequency and informality of interactions), and project (compelling direction of the overall group) levels. Our focus on group interaction episodes as the engine of the group engagement process illuminates what individuals do when they are performing the focal work of the group (i.e., solving problems related to the task at hand) and how they develop and sustain the mutual focus of attention that is required for making collective progress on the task itself. We also show the relationship between the group engagement process and effective problem solving. © 2013 Informs.",Groups | Interaction ritual | Problem solving | Qualitative | Work engagement,Organization Science,2013-03-01,Article,"Metiu, Anca;Rothbard, Nancy P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3042687312,10.1177/0095399704265298,The impact of time pressure on teams in new product development: An exploratory study,"This article addresses the strategies and tools that public administration scholars use to understand phenomena of interest. The range of qualitative methods used has been limited, and the kind of rigor generally associated with quantitative methods has largely been absent in the application of their qualitative counterparts. Two conclusions are drawn from an analysis of articles published in two respected journals: Training on research methods in Ph.D. and M.P.A. programs should be expanded to include a broader range of strategies and tools, and the rigorous use of a broader range of research tools promises to better position the field of public administration to identify, examine, and answer the many big questions that it now faces.",Empirical research | Qualitative research methods | Truth claims,Administration and Society,2004-07-01,Article,"Lowery, Daniel;Evans, Karen G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649790942,10.1177/0961463X10354429,Judgments under uncertainty and time pressure: Modeling and analysis of operators' judgments of customers' creditworthiness,"Through this article we draw on concepts of time and space to help us theorize on the uses of information and communication technologies in work and for organizing. We do so because many of the contemporary discussions regarding work and organization are usually, and too often implicitly, drawing on rudimentary understandings of these concepts. Our focus here is to advance beyond simplistic articulations and to provide a more conceptually sound approach to address time, space and the uses of information and communication technologies in work. We do this focusing on temporal and spatial relations as a means to depict time and space at work. We characterize work as varying by two characteristics: the degree of interaction and the level of individual autonomy. We then develop a functional view of information and communication technologies relative to their uses for production, control, coordination, access and enjoyment. We conclude by integrating these concepts into an initial framework which allows us to theorize that new forms of work are moving towards four distinct forms of organizing. We further argue that each of these four forms has particular spatial and temporal characteristics that have distinct and different needs for information and communication technologies. © 2010, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",information and communication technology | organization | space | time | work,Time & Society,2010-01-01,Article,"Lee, Heejin;Sawyer, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34250782139,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06002-X,Injection molding construction under the pressure of time [Spritzgießkonstruktion unter zeitdruck],"Early efforts in the study of groups had an inherently temporal dimension, notably work on group dynamics and the related study of phases in group problem solving. Not surprisingly, the majority of work linking time to groups has focused on team development. By contrast, work on team performance has tended to take the form Input-Process-Output, in which the passage of time is implied. There is rarely a discussion of how processes might be affected by timing. We suggest ways in which the two literatures might be brought together. We review models of group development and group performance, propose ways in which temporal issues can be integrated into performance models, and conclude by raising questions for future theory and empirical investigation. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Mannix, Elizabeth;Jehn, Karen A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75749151667,10.1177/0143831X09351215,Project management practice in space flights: Development of satellite missions and systems [Projektmanagementpraxis in der Raumfahrt: Entwicklung von Sateltitenmissionen und Systemen],"Following the diffusion of HRM as the dominant legitimating managerial ideology, some employers have started to see the built working environment as a component in managing organizational culture and employee commitment. A good example is where the work space is designed to support a range of officially encouraged 'fun' activities at work. Drawing on recent research literature and from media reports of contemporary developments, this article explores the consequences of such developments for employees' social identity formation and maintenance, with a particular focus on the office and customer service centre. The analysis suggests that management's attempts to determine what is deemed fun may not only be resented by workers because it intrudes on their existing private identities but also because it seeks to reshape their values and expression. © The Author(s), 2010.",Commitment | Labour process | Working conditions,Economic and Industrial Democracy,2010-02-01,Article,"Baldry, Chris;Hallier, Jerry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749262158,,Effects of time pressure and mental workload on WMSD risk,"Although physical characteristics of tasks are accepted as risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), psychosocial factors may also influence the development of WMSDs. The current study induced different levels of two psychosocial factors, mental workload and time pressure, during a typing task and measured lower arm muscle activation, wrist posture and movements, and ratings of perceived workload. Time pressure appeared to increase wrist deviations and muscle activity. Typing performance decreased, and perceived overall workload increased when mental workload and time pressure increased. Therefore both physical and psychosocial characteristics should be considered to prevent WMSDs and to increase productivity.",Electromyography | Psychosocial factors | Subjective workload | Work-related musculoskeletal disorders,IIE Annual Conference and Exposition 2005,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hughes, Laura E.;Babski-Reeves, Kari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44349138174,,Time pressure and mental workload effects on perceived workload and key strike force during typing,"Although physical factors are accepted as risks in the development of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), psychosocial factors may explain some of the remaining differences in susceptibility to WMSDs. The following study examined the effects of two psychosocial factors, mental workload and time pressure, on typing performance, perceived workload, and key strike force while typing. The majority of the key strike force measures increased with increases in time pressure and mental workload. Perceived overall workload (as measured using SWAT) increased with mental workload and time pressure, and typing performance decreased. Additionally, gender, locus of control, and perceived stress level did not influence outcomes. Physical risk factors may be mediated by psychosocial factors to increase risk for WMSD development in the upper extremities. Therefore, both physical and psychosocial aspects of work environments should be considered when designing jobs and work tasks to prevent injuries and improve productivity.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hughes, Laura E.;Babski-Reeves, Kari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36148951724,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06004-3,Design reviews and decision-making using collaborative virtual reality prototypes; A case study of the large-scale MK3 project,"This chapter addresses how project teams achieve coordinated action, given the diversity in how team members may perceive and value time. Although synchronization of task activities may occur spontaneously through the nonconscious process of entrainment, some work conditions demand that team members pay greater conscious attention to time to coordinate their efforts. We propose that shared cognitions on time - the agreement among team members on the appropriate temporal approach to their collective task - will contribute to the coordination of team members' actions, particularly in circumstances where nonconscious synchronization of action patterns is unlikely. We suggest that project teams may establish shared cognitions on time through goal setting, temporal planning, and temporal reflexivity. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Gevers, Josette M.P.;Rutte, Christel G.;van Eerde, Wendelien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84990374239,10.1177/0893318901143010,Synchronicity matters! Development of task and social cohesion in FtF and text based CMC groups,,,Management Communication Quarterly,2001-01-01,Article,"Buzzanell, Patrice M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-29144442041,10.1080/01449290500043991,Usage and user experience of communication before and during rendezvous,"This paper reports a field evaluation of the mobile phone as a 'package of device and services. The evaluation compares 44 university students' usage and user experience of communication before and during rendezvous. During a rendezvous (en route), students rated many aspects of the experience of phone use less favourably than before a rendezvous (prior to departure). This impairment of experience is attributed to the cumulative effect of various adverse factors that occur more often during rendezvous - incomplete network coverage, environmental noise, multiple task performance, time pressure, conflict with social norms, and conflict with preferred life-paths. Also, during a rendezvous, students were more likely to use the telephone, less likely to use e-mail, but equally likely to use text messaging, compared to before a rendezvous. This change in usage is attributed to the need to exchange and ground information almost instantly during a rendezvous. Implications for the design of 3G phones are discussed.",,Behaviour and Information Technology,2005-12-01,Article,"Colbert, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58749113827,10.7202/019545ar,Remote control of mobile robots for emergencies,"As the global economy undergoes a major transformation, the inadequacy of labour relations theories dating back to Fordism, especially the systemic analysis model (Dunlop, 1958) and the strategic model (Kochan, Katz and McKersie, 1986), in which only three actors - union, employer and State - share the stage is becoming increasingly obvious. A good example is provided by companies offering information technology services to businesses, where new means of regulation emerge and illustrate the need to incorporate new actors and new issues if we are to account for its contemporary complexity. A survey of 88 professionals has revealed regulation practices that call into question the traditional boundaries of the industrial relations system from two points of view: that of the three main actors, by bringing the customer and work teams onto the stage, and that of the distinction between the contexts and the system itself. © RI/IR, 2008.",,Relations Industrielles,2008-01-01,Article,"Legault, Marie Josée;Bellemare, Guy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27544444219,,Team pattern recognition: Sharing cognitive chunks under time pressure,"This study extends the theory of Recognition Primed Decision-Making by applying it to groups. Furthermore, we explore the application of Template Theory to collaboration. An experiment was conducted in which teams made resource allocation decisions while physically dispersed and supported with a shared virtual work surface (What You See Is What I See - WYSIWIS) both with and without time-pressure. The task required teams to recognize patterns and collaborate to allocate their resources appropriately. The experiment explores the use of a cognitively aligned tool (memory chunks) designed to minimize the cognitive effort required to for teams to recognize and share recognized patterns. Dependent measures included outcome quality, resource allocation time, and resource allocation ordering. All teams received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their outcome quality and decision speed. Teams supported with the pattern-sharing tool had high outcome quality even under time pressure.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2005-11-10,Conference Paper,"Hayne, Stephen C.;Smith, C. A.P.;Vijayasarathy, Leo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986104620,10.1108/09593840410554201,Food intake in healthy young adults: Effects of time pressure and social factors,"The central purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that managers of several IT companies, during the dot-com bubble, used the myths that were readily available in the wider American culture of the time to motivate and manipulate their employees. These managers motivated their employees to put in long hours at the worksite, to be continually on-call, to intensify their work pace, and to self police their co-programming teams. The methods used were qualitative social research including interviews, observations, self-reported organizational charts and time diaries. This is a single case study conducted during a specific period of time. The implications discussed in this paper may provide insight to the managers of IT personnel who seek to motivate their employees to greater efficiency. This paper adds to a discussion on the role of myth in managing IT personnel. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Information exchange | Myths | Organizational culture | Organizations,Information Technology & People,2004-09-01,Article,"Tapia, Andrea H.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955934224,10.1108/13665621111128655,Searching for information in a time-pressured setting: Experiences with a Text-based and an Image-based decision support system,"Focus on the qualities and rhythms of time are important in order to understand strain and learning opportunities in modern working life. This article aims to develop a framework for exploring the qualities of time in boundaryless work, and to explore self-management of time as a process, where the relations between time and tasks are negotiated. The article consists of a theoretical part that takes inspiration from newer time sociology and leads to proposal of a framework that focuses on the relation between identity, meaning and qualities of time. The empirical part illustrates the use of the framework. The authors present a case study of teachers’ work at an elementary school based on qualitative data collected by observations, teachers' time dairies and individual and group interviews. The authors suggest an analytical framework where temporal order is a core concept, and points at conflicts between multiple temporal orders as a focus for empirical studies. On the basis of the case study the article discusses how mastering of time conflicts is an integrated part of doing the job and how professional identity and meaning is at stake in this process. The article urges for a renewal in research on time and strain at work, and discusses how self-management of time becomes a new area for learning at the workplace, implying that collective arenas should be established. The article offers an original contribution to understanding and studying temporal aspects of work and the role of learning processes. © 2011, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Time study | Work identity | Working patterns | Workplace learning,Journal of Workplace Learning,2011-05-17,Article,"Kamp, Annette;Lambrecht Lund, Henrik;Søndergaard Hvid, Helge",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644594210,10.1167/5.9.3,Shared decision signal explains performance and timing of pursuit and saccadic eye movements,"Each voluntary eye movement provides physical evidence of a visuomotor choice about where and when to look. Primates choose visual targets with two types of voluntary eye movements, pursuit and saccades, although the exact mechanism underlying their coordination remains unknown. Are pursuit and saccades guided by the same decision signal? The present study compares pursuit and saccadic choices using techniques borrowed from psychophysics and models of response time. Human observers performed a luminance discrimination task and indicated their choices with eye movements. Because the stimuli moved horizontally and were offset vertically, subjects' tracking responses consisted of combinations of both pursuit and saccadic eye movements. For each of two signal strengths, we constructed speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades. We found that speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades have the same shape, but are time-shifted with respect to one another. We argue that this pattern occurs because pursuit and saccades share a decision signal, but utilize different response thresholds and are subject to different motor processing delays. © 2005 ARVO.",Choice behavior | Pursuit | Response threshold | Saccades | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Vision,2005-10-10,Article,"Liston, Dorion;Krauzlis, Richard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349988762,10.1016/j.infoandorg.2009.08.002,Combining speed and accuracy to assess error-free cognitive processes,"The paper discusses the issue of time slips in software development. Increasing time sacrifices toward work constitutes an important part of modern organizational environment. In fact, the reign over time is a crucial element in controlling the labor process. Yet a lack of cultural studies covering different approaches to this issue remains-particularly those focusing on high-skilled salaried workers. This article is a small attempt to fill this gap, based on an analysis of unstructured qualitative interviews with high-tech professionals from a B2B software company. It focuses on the issue of timing in IT projects, as perceived by software engineers. The findings indicate that managerial interruptions in work play an important part in the social construction of delays. However, interruptions from peer software engineers are not perceived as disruptive. This leads to the conclusion that time is used in a symbolic way, both for organizational domination and solidarity rituals. The use of time as a symbolic currency in knowledge-work rites is presented as often influencing the very process of labor and schedules. It is revealed to be the dominant evaluation factor, replacing the officially used measures, such as efficiency, or quality. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",High-tech | Knowledge-intensive work | Professions | Schedules | Software delays | Software engineers' culture | Time management,Information and Organization,2009-10-01,Article,"Jemielniak, Dariusz",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10844226418,10.1177/0018726704049417,Flexible multi-agent decision making under time pressure,"A major challenge that social science researchers face is the development of a framework that conceptualizes paradoxical concepts across different social science disciplines. We propose that researchers use the logic of the diversity and similarity curves (DSC) model to meet this need by conceptualizing the tension, reinforcing cycles, and paradox management elements of Lewis (Academy of Management Review, 2000, 25, 760-76). We further make a contribution to the paradox literature by highlighting and representing the interwoven nature of dual tensions that exist within paradoxical phenomena, We use the DSC model to capture the interactive effects of dual paradoxes associated with work/play and job stress/task creativity. The DSC model also allows us to represent the interactive effects of different permutations of theory novelty/continuity on perceived theory complexity and theory assimilation. Finally, we discuss the implications of this article for theory and research on paradox conceptualization.",Conceptualizing paradox | Diversity/similarity curves | Novelty/continuity | Work/play,Human Relations,2004-11-01,Article,"Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph;Julian, Scott D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049505681,10.1002/cjas.147,Cognitive processes in planning and judgements under sleep deprivation and time pressure,"The scarcity of women among highly qualified professionals in business-to-business information and communication technologies (ICT) in Europe and in North America has been noted as recently as the late 1990s (Panteli, Stack, Atkinson, & Ramsay, 1999). The organization and management of work in such firms is typically project-based. This has many consequences, including: long working hours with fierce resistance to any reduction, unpaid overtime, high management expectations of employee flexibility to meet unanticipated client demands, and the need for employees to negotiate flexible work arrangements on a case-by-case basis with a project manager who often has much discretion on whether to accommodate such requests. We found that women are particularly disadvantaged in such a system, which could partly explain their under-representation in such jobs. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Gender | Hr management practices | Knowledge-intensive firms (kifs) | New organizational forms | Professional women,Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences,2010-09-01,Article,"Chasserio, Stéphanie;Legault, Marie Josée",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-64049116031,,"Pilots' workload, situation awareness, and trust during weather events as a function of time pressure, role assignment, pilots' rank, weather display, and weather system","Despite advances in sensor technology and information processing algorithms, weather forecasting remains unreliable. The reliability, consistency, and dependability of weather systems play an essential role in pilots' decision making under critical conditions. The goal of this study was to examine pilots' workload, situation awareness (SA), and trust in weather systems during critical weather events as a function of time pressure, role assignment, pilots' rank, weather display, and weather system. Results partially supported our hypotheses. Pilots' workload significantly increased as they approached the weather event. Consistent with previous research, Captains reported lower SA than First Officers (FO). As expected, when the NEXRAD system failed to provide an indication of the weather event at the specified waypoint, pilots' SA decreased as they approached the weather threat. As predicted, pilots trusted the onboard system more than the NEXRAD system, particularly when these systems displayed conflicting information as pilots' approached the weather threat. Our findings have important implications for the field of commercial aviation. Airlines should consider a change in role assignment philosophy. Airlines should also consider encouraging pilots to make deviation decisions around weather events as soon as they notice them. Last, our findings showed support for the added benefit of providing pilots with broader information regarding the potential weather threat using the NEXRAD system. Future research efforts should explore improvements to data link technology so that NEXRAD information can be presented in real time. Such technological improvements may increase the reliability, believability, and dependability of the NEXRAD system, and ultimately avoid the distrust associated with conflicting information. © 2005, FAA Academy.",,International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies,2005-09-01,Article,"Bustamante, Ernesto A.;Fallon, Corey K.;Bliss, James P.;Bailey, William R.;Anderson, Brittany L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644507315,10.1177/0961463X05055135,Self-help books on avoiding time shortage,"Self-help books are tokens of our reflexive individualized society. The widespread experience of too high a pace in daily life and too little time for recovery and for social relations have resulted in books focusing on avoiding time shortage. In our analysis of the advice in such books we found time-management categories such as streamlining activities and buying services. Other identified categories focus on life-management strategies such as setting limits to time-consuming aspirations. Questioning personal aspirations in areas such as work and consumption appears to be an adequate way of avoiding time shortage and increasing one's quality of life but this is also a challenging task due to the importance most people attach to these areas for identity creation and social acceptance. © 2005, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",life management | self-help books | time management | time pressure | time use | work-life balance,Time & Society,2005-01-01,Article,"Larsson, Jörgen;Sanne, Christer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34347355464,10.1007/s11205-004-4642-9,The time-pressure illusion: Discretionary time vs. free time,"Efficient coordination of collaboration requires sharing information about collaborators' current and future availability. We describe the usage of an awareness system called Awarenex that shared real-time awareness information to help coordinate activities at the current moment. We also developed a prototype called Lilsys that used sensors to gather additional awareness information that would help avoid disruptions when users are currently unavailable for interaction. Our experiences over time in designing and using prototypes that share awareness cues for current availability led us to identify temporal patterns that could help predict future reachability. Rhythm awareness is having a sense of regularly recurring temporal patterns that can help coordinate interactions among collaborators. Rhythm awareness is difficult to establish within distributed groups that are separated by distance and time zone. We describe rhythmic temporal patterns observed in activity data collected from users of the Awarenex prototype. Analyzing logs of Awarenex usage over time enabled us to construct a computational model of temporal patterns. We explored how to apply those patterns and model to predict future reachability among distributed team members. We discuss trade-offs in the design of collaborative applications that rely on human- and machine-interpretation of rhythm awareness cues. We also conducted a design study that elicited reactions to a variety of end-user visualizations of rhythmic patterns and investigated how well our computational model characterized their everyday routines. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2007-07-06,Article,"Begole, James;Tang, John C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857886574,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00890.x,Integrated modelling of a time-pressure fluid dispensing system for electronics manufacturing,"Some studies have assumed close proximity to improve team communication on the premise that reduced physical distance increases the chance of contact and information exchange. However, research showed that the relationship between team proximity and team communication is not always straightforward and may depend on some contextual conditions. Hence, this study was designed with the purpose of examining how a contextual condition like time pressure may influence the relationship between team proximity and team communication. In this study, time pressure was conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct: challenge time pressure and hindrance time pressure, such that each has different moderating effects on the proximity-communication relationship. The research was conducted with 81 new product development (NPD) teams (437 respondents) in Western Europe (Belgium, England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands). These teams functioned in short-cycled industries and developed innovative products for the consumer, electronic, semiconductor, and medical sectors. The unit of analysis was a team, which could be from a single-team or a multiteam project. Results showed that challenge time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience high rather than low challenge time pressure. Hindrance time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience low rather than high hindrance time pressure. Our findings contribute to theory in two ways. First, this study showed that challenge and hindrance time pressure differently influences the benefits of team proximity toward team communication in a particular work context. We found that teams under high hindrance time pressure do not benefit from close proximity, given the natural tendency for premature cognitive closure and the use of avoidance coping tactics when problems surface. Thus, simply reducing physical distances is unlikely to promote communication if motivational or human factors are neglected. Second, this study demonstrates the strength of the challenge-hindrance stressor framework in advancing theory and explaining inconsistencies. Past studies determined time pressure by considering only its levels without distinguishing the type of time pressure. We suggest that this study might not have been able to uncover the moderating effects of time pressure if we had conceptualized time pressure in the conventional way. © 2012 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012-03-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Rutte, Christel G.;Chai, Kah Hin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923770043,10.5465/amj.2012.0552,Psychometric modeling of response speed and accuracy with mixed and conditional regression,"The literature on help-giving behavior identifies individual-level factors that affect a help-giver's decision to help another individual. Studying a context in which work was highly interdependent and helping was pervasive, however, we propose that this emphasis on the initial point of consent is incomplete. Instead, we find that workplace help-seeking and help-giving can be intertwined behaviors enacted through an organizational routine. Our research, therefore, shifts the theoretical emphasis from one of exchange and cost to one of joint engagement. More specifically, we move beyond the initial point of consent to recast help-seeking and help-giving as an interdependent process in which both the help-seeker and the help-giver use cognitive and emotional moves to engage others and thereby propel a helping routine forward. In contrast to the existing literature, an organizational routines perspective also reveals that helping need not be limited to dyads, and that the helping routine is shaped by the work context in which help is sought. Finally, we extend these insights to the literatures on routines and coordination and debate how our results might generalize even if helping is not part of an organizational routine.",,Academy of Management Journal,2015-02-01,Article,"Grodal, Stine;Nelson, Andrew J.;Siino, Rosanne M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745726749,10.1016/S0191-3085(06)27009-6,Models for the statistics and mechanisms of response speed and accuracy,"The contemporary move toward privatization has led to the assigning of property rights to many intangible public resources. One shared intangible resource swept up in this marketization is, we argue, the temporal commons - the shared conceptualization of time and temporal values created by a culture-carrying collectivity. As a result, the stewardship, or management, of the temporal commons is judged exclusively by the market-sanctioned metric of efficiency. We suggest that metrics based on the stakeholder approach to organizational effectiveness are more appropriate than the sole reliance on market efficiency criteria for judging the stewardship of a temporal commons, and offer several examples of stewardship evaluated by such metrics from the perspectives of a variety of stakeholders. We close with a call for more cognizant agency and wider participation in temporal commons stewardship. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in Organizational Behavior,2006-07-12,Review,"Bluedorn, Allen C.;Waller, Mary J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901370086,10.1287/orsc.2013.0881,Modeling and control of dispensing processes for surface mount technology,"Scholars have established that team membership has wide-ranging effects on cognition, dynamics, processes, and performance. Underlying that scholarship is the assumption that team membership-who is and who is not a team member-is straightforward, unambiguous, and agreed upon by all members. Contrary to this assumption, I posit that mental models of membership increasingly diverge within teams as a result of changing environmental conditions. I build on the literatures on membership and on shared mental models to explore such ""membership model divergence."" In a study of 38 formally defined software and product development teams, I test a model of structural and emergent drivers of membership model divergence and examine its effect on performance operating through team-level cognition. I use the findings of this study to explore its implications for both management theory and managerial practice. © 2014 INFORMS.",Boundaries | Composition | Membership | Mental models | Teams,Organization Science,2014-01-01,Article,"Mortensen, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946165158,10.1111/jeea.12129,How do elderly workers face tight time constraints?,"Much work is carried out in short, interrupted segments. This phenomenon, which we label task juggling, has been overlooked by economists. We study the work schedules of some judges in Italy documenting that they do juggle tasks and that juggling causally lowers their productivity substantially. To measure the size of this effect, we show that although all these judges receive the same workload, those who juggle more trials at once instead of working sequentially on few of them at each unit of time, take longer to complete their portfolios of cases. Task juggling seems to have no adverse effect on the quality of the judges' decisions, as measured by the percent of decisions appealed. To identify these causal effects we estimate models with judge fixed effects and we exploit the lottery assigning cases to judges. We discuss whether task juggling can be viewed as inefficient, and provide a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the social cost of longer trials due to task juggling.",,Journal of the European Economic Association,2015-10-01,Article,"Coviello, Decio;Ichino, Andrea;Persico, Nicola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27244459721,10.1167/5.5.1,The effect of stimulus strength on the speed and accuracy of a perceptual decision,"Both the speed and the accuracy of a perceptual judgment depend on the strength of the sensory stimulation. When stimulus strength is high accuracy is high and response time is fast; when stimulus strength is low, accuracy is low and response time is slow. Although the psychometric function is well established as a tool for analyzing the relationship between accuracy and stimulus strength, the corresponding chronometric function for the relationship between response time and stimulus strength has not received as much consideration. In this article, we describe a theory of perceptual decision making based on a diffusion model. In it, a decision is based on the additive accumulation of sensory evidence over time to a bound. Combined with simple scaling assumptions, the proportional-rate and power-rate diffusion models predict simple analytic expressions for both the chronometric and psychometric functions. In a series of psychophysical experiments, we show that this theory accounts for response time and accuracy as a function of both stimulus strength and speed-accuracy instructions. In particular, the results demonstrate a close coupling between response time and accuracy. The theory is also shown to subsume the predictions of Piéron's Law, a power function dependence of response time on stimulus strength. The theory's analytic chronometric function allows one to extend theories of accuracy to response time. © 2005 ARVO.",Decision | Psychometric function | Response time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Temporal summation,Journal of Vision,2005-05-02,Article,"Palmer, John;Huk, Alexander C.;Shadlen, Michael N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951250557,10.1016/S1553-7250(10)36020-X,Effects of time pressure and precision demands during computer mouse work on muscle oxygenation and position sense,"Background: The concept of the morbidity and mortality (M&M) review is almost 100 years old, yet no standards describe ""good practice"" of M&M in clinical departments. Few reports measure output and impact of M&M reviews. The M&M activities were developed in a university- affiliated pediatric anesthesia department as part of a departmental quality improvement (QI) initiative. The process was designed to identify problems within the M&M program and to introduce interventions and actions to increase the program's efficiency and impact. Methods: Through a series of interviews and consultation with hospital management, existing problems and ineffi-ciencies were identified, a framework for developing the M&M program was established, and reportable outcome measures, such as increased meeting attendance, participation, self-reporting, and change to practice, were developed. Through appointment of specific M&M personnel, appointment of a specific departmental M&M coordinator, meeting more regularly, stressing the review of system errors and close calls, and encouraging anonymous reporting, the department's M&M activities were redesigned. Results: From the July 1) 2001-June 30) 2006 to (July 1) 2006-(June 30) 2009 periods, case reviews and case presentations increased from a mean of 1.9 to 3-4 cases presented per M&M meeting. Meeting attendance increased from a mean of 5.1 to 25, and self-reporting from a mean of 22% of all safety reports received to 40%. Findings and recommendations were effectively disseminated through-out the department and hospital, reflecting the unique structure of the M&M program and personnel's efforts. Discussion: M&M QI with respect to data gathering, case review, and ongoing medical education is an efficient way to demonstrate quality assurance and creative professional development. Copyright © 2010 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.",,Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety,2010-01-01,Article,"McDonnell, Conor;Laxer, Ronald M.;Roy, Lawrence",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865398033,10.1111/j.1468-0432.2012.00606.x,Myopic biases in strategic social prediction: Why deadlines put everyone under more pressure than everyone else,"This article studies time demands in a big four firm in Mexico. It does so by examining the way time demands are (re)created by masculinities and how their interplay with societal gender roles shape employees' professional and personal lives. Qualitative interviews with women and men across different hierarchical levels and departments show that long hours are an indicator of commitment and potential for career progression, thus suggesting that accounting firms' organizational culture and accountants' professional identity predominate in different cultural contexts. However, paternalistic masculinity and 'the father' figure appear to characterize management control in the Mexican context, in contrast to most previous studies conducted in developed countries. The article demonstrates how paternalistic relations prevent women from complying with time demands, which has important implications for career advancement. Finally, the article demonstrates how time demands perpetuate work-life conflict for all organizational members, albeit in different ways according to the individual's stage in life. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Accounting firms | Gender roles | Masculinities | Mexico | Professions | Working times,"Gender, Work and Organization",2012-09-01,Article,"Castro, Mayra Ruiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14544273250,10.1177/0192513X04270228,How work affects divorce: The mediating role of financial and time pressures,"This study examines whether the financial and time pressures associated with spouses' working lives play a role in the relation between work and divorce during the first years of marriage. Using retrospective data from the Netherlands, the results show that divorce is more likely when the husband works on average fewer hours and the wife more hours during the first years of marriage. Furthermore, couples facing more financial problems and those spending less time together have a higher divorce risk. The findings partly support the hypothesis that greater financial strains are responsible for the higher divorce risk when husbands work fewer hours. About 15% of the higher divorce risk of husbands working fewer hours is explained by the resulting greater financial strains. No support is found for the hypothesis that the higher divorce risk of women who work more hours is due to a decrease in marital interaction time.",Divorce | Financial problems | Marital interaction time | Work,Journal of Family Issues,2005-03-01,Article,"Poortman, Anne Rigt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963944530,10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111245,The effects of task complexity and time availability limitations on human performance in database query tasks,"Time is an important concern in organizational science, yet we lack a systematic review of research on time within individual-level studies. Following a brief introduction, we consider conceptual ideas about time and elaborate on why temporal factors are important for micro-organizational studies. Then, in two sections - one devoted to time-related constructs and the other to the experience of time as a within-person phenomenon - we selectively review both theoretical and empirical studies. On the basis of this review, we note which topics have received more or less attention to inform our evaluation of the current state of research on time. Finally, we develop an agenda for future research to help move micro-organizational research to a completely temporal view.",change | dynamic | longitudinal | temporal | time | timing,Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,2015-01-01,Review,"Shipp, Abbie J.;Cole, Michael S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-15044347830,10.1016/j.obhdp.2004.10.001,Towards a competitive arousal model of decision-making: A study of auction fever in live and Internet auctions,"In 1999, Chicago sponsored a public art exhibit of over 300 life-sized fiberglass cows that culminated in 140 Internet and live, in-person auctions. Collectively, the cows sold for almost seven times their initial estimates. These unexpectedly high final prices provided the impetus for a model of decision-making, ""competitive arousal,"" which focuses on how diverse factors such as rivalry, social facilitation, time pressure, and/or the uniqueness of being first can fuel arousal, which then impairs decision-making. In Study 1, live and Internet bidding and survey data from 21 auctions throughout North America tested the model's predictions, as well as hypotheses derived from rational choice and escalation of commitment models. Analyses provided considerable support for the competitive arousal and escalation models, and no support for rational choice predictions. Study 2 was a laboratory experiment that investigated the similarities and differences between escalation and competitive arousal, finding again that both can result in overbidding. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings and on the broader issue of competitive arousal and escalation and their impact on decision-making. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Arousal | Auctions | Competition | Decision-making | Escalation of commitment | Rivalry | Social facilitation | Time pressure,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2005-03-01,Article,"Ku, Gillian;Malhotra, Deepak;Murnighan, J. Keith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992806120,10.1145/1185335.1185346,Psychiatrically noticeable adolescents in paediatric practice [Psychiatrisch auffällige Jugendliche in der pädiatrischen Praxis],"Data is presented from three cases studies of three small IT-focused businesses that were created and failed within the context of the Dot-Com era (1996–2001). This era can be characterized as a time in which the IT industry was facing an acute shortage of employees and yet, as the analysis shows, chose to create a culture that hired a gender, racially, ethnically, and culturally homogeneous workforce. From evidence drawn from interviews, observations, self-reported organizational charts and time diaries, I argue that the organizational cultures, created by the owners and managers of these three companies, made it nearly impossible for female employees to be hired trained and retained. I also claim that once a small number of female employees were hired, the organizational culture made the work environment so hostile, it drove these employees to leave and seek alternative employment. The owners and managers of these three IT companies used the myths that were readily available in the wider American culture of the time to construct an organizational culture that would motivate and manipulate their employees. This culture may have satisfied the immediate needs of the Dot Com industry but were disastrous for traditional protectionist measures that protected women in the workforce, recruited and retained women in the workforce, and make the IT workplace hospitable to a variety of people, including women. The conclusions that I draw from this case study are that in the case of this business, the Dot-Com Bubble did more to impede entrance to women into the IT workforce than to facilitate it. © 2006, Author. All rights reserved.",Dot-com | Employment | Gender | Gold Rush | IT Wrkforce | Organization | Power | Recruitment | Retention | Underrepresented Groups,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,2006-11-28,Article,"Tapia, Andrea Hoplight",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84958549787,10.1080/19416520.2016.1120962,Speed-accuracy tradeoff operator characteristics of endogenous and exogenous covert orienting of attention.,"Abstract: Management and organizational scholarship is overdue for a reappraisal of occupations and professions as well as a critical review of past and current work on the topic. Indeed, the field has largely failed to keep pace with the rising salience of occupational and professional (as opposed to organizational) dynamics in work life. Moreover, not only is there a dearth of studies that explicitly take occupational or professional categories into account, but there is also an absence of a shared analytical framework for understanding what occupations and professions entail. Our goal is therefore two-fold: first, to offer guidance to scholars less familiar with this terrain who encounter occupational or professional dynamics in their own inquiries and, second, to introduce a three-part framework for conceptualizing occupations and professions to help guide future inquiries. We suggest that occupations and professions can be understood through lenses of “becoming”, “doing”, and “relating”. We develop this framework as we review past literature and discuss the implications of each approach for future research and, more broadly, for the field of management and organizational theory.",,Academy of Management Annals,2016-01-01,Article,"Anteby, Michel;Chan, Curtis K.;DiBenigno, Julia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035258715,10.1016/S0020-7489(00)00057-2,"Work, leisure, time-pressure and stress","This study focussed on time as a key resource within a hospital setting. The introduction of casemix-based funding, which changed the ways funds were obtained and distributed within the hospital, was accompanied by large cuts in the funds available to the hospital system. From the introduction of casemix-based funding to the conclusion of this study there was an increase of 20% in the number of cases through the operating suite. The increase was achieved, with a reduced budget, by intensifying work and increasing flexibility in the use of time. This approach to changing the use of time imposed considerable real 'costs' on staff, especially nurses, and created concerns about safety. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Casemix | Efficiency | Flexibility | Operating suite | Time,International Journal of Nursing Studies,2001-02-01,Article,"Walker, Rae;Adam, Jenny",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38149044956,10.1007/978-3-540-75542-5_13,Of tunnels and PCBs,"Decades of software engineering research have tried to reduce the interdependency of source code to make parallel development possible. However, code remains helplessly interlinked and software development requires frequent formal and informal communication and coordination among software developers. Communication and coordination cost still dominates the cost of software development. When the development team is separated by oceans, the cost of communication and coordination increases dramatically. To better understand the cost of communication and coordination in software development, this paper proposes to conceptualize software as a knowledge ecosystem that consists of three interlinked elements: code, documents, and developers. This conceptualization enables us to understand and pinpoint the social dependency of developers created by the code dependency. We show that a better understanding of the social dependency would increase the economic use of the collective attention of software developers with a proposed new communication mechanism that frees developers from the overload of communication that does not interest them, and thus reduces the overall cost of communication and coordination in software development. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.",Attention cost | Cost of communication and coordination | Distributed software development | Knowledge collaboration,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ye, Yunwen;Nakakoji, Kumiyo;Yamamoto, Yasuhiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18144382652,10.1108/02683940510589037,Affective responses to work process and outcomes in virtual teams: Effects of communication media and time pressure,"Purpose - To analyze the direct and combined effects of the communication media and time pressure in group work on the affective responses of team members while performing intellective tasks. Design/methodology/approach - A laboratory experiment was carried out with 124 subjects working in 31 groups. The task performed by the groups was an intellective one. A 2 × 3 factorial design with three media (face-to-face, video-conference, and e-mail) and time pressure (with and without time pressure) was used to determine the direct and combined effects of these two variables on group members' satisfaction with the process and with the results, and on members' commitment with the decision. Findings - Results show a direct effect of communication media on satisfaction with the process, which confirms the prediction of the media-task fit model, and a negative effect of time pressure on satisfaction with group results and commitment to those results. Most interestingly, the interaction effects for the three dependent variables are significant and show that the most deleterious effects of time pressure are produced in groups working face-to-face, while groups mediated by video-conference improve their affective responses under time pressure. Research limitations/implications - Some limitations are the use of a student sample, so generalizability of the findings is limited, and the use of only one task type. Practical implications - It can help one to know how to design work to improve satisfaction and implication of workers. Originality/value - This paper shows some innovations as the combined effects of media and time pressure, controlling for the task type on group members' affective responses to their work and achievements. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Communication technologies | Team working,Journal of Managerial Psychology,2005-01-01,Article,"Caballer, Amparo;Gracia, Francisco;Peiró, José María",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857407313,10.1177/0950017011426306,The influence of need for closure and perceived time pressure on search effort for price and promotional information in a grocery shopping context,"This article sheds new light on neglected areas of recent 'work-life' discussions. Drawing on a study of a largely female workforce made redundant by factory relocation, the majority subsequently finding alternative employment in a variety of work settings, the results illustrate aspects of both positive and negative spillover from work to non-work life. In addition, the findings add to the growing number of studies that highlight the conditions under which part-time working detracts from, rather than contributes to, successful work-life balance. The conclusion discusses the need for a more multi-dimensional approach to work-life issues. © BSA Publications Ltd. 2012.",part-time work | positive/negative spillover | re-employment | redundancy | work-life balance,"Work, Employment and Society",2012-01-01,Article,"Blyton, Paul;Jenkins, Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904648243,,Semantic relations in glosses and explanations: Do they help?,"This paper gives an overview of current state of Estonian Wordnet and discuss the problem of word definitions in EstWN glosses and word explanation experiments. In this paper, the role of semantic relations in word explanations is discussed. Verbs and nouns are extracted from word definitions (glosses) of Estonian WordNet, and linked with semantic relations of the key word. The results are compared with a word explanation experiment where subjects have to explain as many words as they can within a limited time. Our aim is to tag word senses in Estonian WordNet definition field and find the semantic relations they have with the literals We compare the semantic relations found in dictionary definitions with these, that people give when they have to explain a word under time pressure. Besides improving our wordnet, we hope to find better guidelines for forming word explanations in general. © Masaryk University, 2005.",,"GWC 2006: 3rd International Global WordNet Conference, Proceedings",2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kahusk, Neeme;Vider, Kadri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873513248,,Multiple Choice Questions Not Considered Harmful,"Increasingly, academics are confronted with issues associated with assessment in large classes, arising from a combination of factors including higher student enrolments and the introduction of a trimester of study in many universities. The resulting increased time pressures on marking are causing many academics to search for alternative forms of assessment. University teachers are making more frequent use of multiple choice questions as a matter of expediency and in some cases, the quality of the assessment is being neglected. This describes the current situation in Information Technology. The aim of this paper is to provide practical guidelines in the form of a checklist for lecturers who wish to write tests containing multiple choice questions. Some of the points raised may be considered common knowledge for those teachers with a background in Education, however not all Information Technology lecturers would fall into this category. While the intended users of the checklist are Information Technology lecturers who, in general, are unlikely to be familiar with many of the matters discussed, teachers in other disciplines may find it a useful reference. In addition to the checklist, this paper also discusses the major criticism of multiple choice questions (that they do not test anything more than just straight recall of facts) and examines ways of overcoming this misconception. © 2005, Australian Computer Society, Inc.",Assessment | Bloom | Large class assessment | Multiple choice questions,Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Woodford, Karyn;Bancroft, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10044266569,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.09.007,Speed-accuracy tradeoff in Fitts' law tasks - On the equivalency of actual and nominal pointing precision,"Pointing tasks in human-computer interaction obey certain speed-accuracy tradeoff rules. In general, the more accurate the task to be accomplished, the longer it takes and vice versa. Fitts' law models the speed-accuracy tradeoff effect in pointing as imposed by the task parameters, through Fitts' index of difficulty (Id) based on the ratio of the nominal movement distance and the size of the target. Operating with different speed or accuracy biases, performers may utilize more or less area than the target specifies, introducing another subjective layer of speed-accuracy tradeoff relative to the task specification. A conventional approach to overcome the impact of the subjective layer of speed-accuracy tradeoff is to use the a posteriori ""effective"" pointing precision We in lieu of the nominal target width W. Such an approach has lacked a theoretical or empirical foundation. This study investigates the nature and the relationship of the two layers of speed-accuracy tradeoff by systematically controlling both I d and the index of target utilization Iu in a set of four experiments. Their results show that the impacts of the two layers of speed-accuracy tradeoff are not fundamentally equivalent. The use of W e could indeed compensate for the difference in target utilization, but not completely. More logical Fitts' law parameter estimates can be obtained by the We adjustment, although its use also lowers the correlation between pointing time and the index of difficulty. The study also shows the complex interaction effect between Id and Iu, suggesting that a simple and complete model accommodating both layers of speed-accuracy tradeoff may not exist. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Fitts' law | Human performance | Input | Modeling | Pointing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2004-12-01,Article,"Zhai, Shumin;Kong, Jing;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-9444221980,10.1136/oem.2004.014399,"Work related neck pain: How important is it, and how should we understand its causes?",,,Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2004-12-01,Editorial,"Punnett, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939788523,10.5465/amj.2013.0991,Decision-theoretic planning for playing table soccer,"Role integration is the new workplace reality for many employees. The prevalence of mobile technologies (e.g., laptops, smartphones, tablets) that are increasingly wearable and nearly always ""on"" makes it difficult to keep role boundaries separate and distinct. We draw upon boundary theory and construal level theory to hypothesize that role integration behaviors shift people from thinking concretely to thinking more abstractly about their work. The results of an archival study of Enron executives' emails, two experiments, and a multi-wave field study of knowledge workers provide evidence of positive associations between role integration behaviors, higher construal level, and more exploratory learning activities.",,Academy of Management Journal,2015-06-01,Article,"Reyt, Jean Nicolas;Wiesenfeld, Batia M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-22944479294,10.1007/978-3-540-28633-2_64,Towards belief revision logic based adaptive and persuasive negotiation agents,"Human negotiators can persuade the opponents to revise their beliefs in order to maximise the chance of reaching an agreement. Existing negotiation models are weak in supporting persuasive negotiations. This paper illustrates an adaptive and persuasive negotiation agent model, which is underpinned by a belief revision logic. These belief-based negotiation agents are able to learn from the changing negotiation contexts and persuade their opponents to change their positions. Our preliminary experiments show that the belief-based adaptive negotiation agents outperform a classical negotiation model under time pressure. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.",,Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science),2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lau, Raymond Y.K.;Chan, Siu Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956272179,10.4018/jec.2010070102,Time pressure effects on information processing in overlapping tasks: Evidence from the lateralized readiness potential,"Despite the advantages of using instant messaging (IM) for collaborative work, concerns about negative consequences associated with its disruptive nature have been raised. In this paper, the author investigates the mediating role of self-regulation, using a mixed methods approach consisting of questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews. The findings show that these concerns are warranted: IM is disruptive, and multitasking can lead to losses in productivity. Despite these negative consequences, users are active participants in IM and employ a wide range of self-regulation strategies (SRS) to control their overuse. The study found three key SRS: ignoring incoming messages, denying access, and digital or physical removal. The study also found two different approaches to self-regulation. The preventive approach, consisting of creating routines and practices around IM use that would help regulation, and the recuperative approach, consisting of changing behaviors after overuse had occurred. Communication via IM helps in the development of social capital by strengthening social ties among users, which can be useful for information exchange and cooperation. These positive effects provide a balance to the potential negative impact on productivity. Implications for theories of self-regulation of technology and for managerial practice are also discussed. Copyright © 2010, IGI Global.",Collaboration | Computer-Mediated Communication | Instant Messaging (IM) | Interruptions | Multitasking | Real-Time Collaboration | Self-Regulation Strategies,International Journal of e-Collaboration,2010-07-01,Article,"Quan-Haase, Anabel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899081874,10.1111/poms.12089,Aging and memory for self-performed tasks: Effects of task difficulty and time pressure,"An increasing barrier to productivity in knowledge-intensive work environments is interruptions. Interruptions stop the current job and can induce forgetting in the worker. The induced forgetting can cause re-work; to complete the interrupted job, additional effort and time is required to return to the same level of job-specific knowledge the worker had attained prior to the interruption. This research employs primary observational and process data gathered from a hospital radiology department as inputs into a discrete-event simulation model to estimate the effect of interruptions, forgetting, and re-work. To help mitigate the effects of interruption-induced re-work, we introduce and test the operational policy of sequestering, where some service resources are protected from interruptions. We find that sequestering can improve the overall productivity and cost performance of the system under certain circumstances. We conclude that research examining knowledge-intensive operations should explicitly consider interruptions and the forgetting rate of the system's human workers or models will overestimate the system's productivity and underestimate its costs. © 2013 Production and Operations Management Society.",health care | interruptions | services | simulation,Production and Operations Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Froehle, Craig M.;White, Denise L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5044224707,10.1109/FTDCS.2004.1316591,An architectural view of the entities required for execution of task in pervasive space,"Aimed to provide computation ubiquitously, pervasive computing is perceived as a means to provide an user the transparency of anywhere, anyplace, anytime computing. Pervasive computing is characterized by execution of task in heterogeneous environments that use invisible and ubiquitously distributed computational devices. It relies on service composition that creates customized services from existing services by process of dynamic discovery, integration and execution of those services. In such an environment, seamlessly providing resource for the execution of the tasks with limited networked capabilities is further complicated by continuously changing context due to mobility of the user. To the best of our knowledge no prior work to provide such a pervasive space has been reported in the literature. In this paper we propose a architectural prespective for pervasive computing by defining entities required for execution of tasks in pervasive space. In particular we address the following issues, viz. entities required for execution of the task, Architecture for providing seamless access to resources in the face of changing context in wireless and wireline infrastructure, dynamic aggregation of resources under heterogeneous environment. We also evaluate the architectural requirements of a pervasive space through a case study.",,Proceedings - 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems,2004-10-19,Conference Paper,"Kalapriya, K.;Nandy, S. K.;Satish, V.;Maheshwari, R. Uma;Srinivas, Deepti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880045984,10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.001,Validity of the speed-accuracy tradeoff for prehension movements,"People acquire ways of thinking about time partly in and from work organizations, where the control and measurement of time use is a prominent feature of modern management-an inevitable consequence of employees selling their time for money. In this paper, we theorize about the role organizational practices play in promoting an economic evaluation of time and time use-where time is thought of primarily in monetary terms and viewed as a scarce resource that should be used as efficiently as possible. While people usually make decisions about time and money differently, we argue that management practices that make the connection between time and money salient can heighten the economic evaluation of time. We consider both the organizational causes of economic evaluation as well as its personal and societal consequences. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.",,Research in Organizational Behavior,2012-01-01,Review,"Pfeffer, Jeffrey;De Voe, Sanford E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-16544367729,10.1007/s00359-004-0547-y,Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) sacrifice foraging speed to solve difficult colour discrimination tasks,"The performance of individual bumblebees at colour discrimination tasks was tested in a controlled laboratory environment. Bees were trained to discriminate between rewarded target colours and differently coloured distractors, and then tested in non-rewarded foraging bouts. For the discrimination of large colour distances bees made relatively fast decisions and selected target colours with a high degree of accuracy, but for the discrimination of smaller colour distances the accuracy decreased and the bees response times to find correct flowers significantly increased. For small colour distances there was also significant linear correlations between accuracy and response time for the individual bees. The results show both between task and within task speed-accuracy tradeoffs in bees, which suggests the possibility of a sophisticated and dynamic decision-making process. © Springer-Verlag 2004.",Colour vision | Flower learning | Insect vision | Response time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,"Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology",2004-09-01,Article,"Dyer, Adrian G.;Chittka, Lars",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247844519,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17002-3,Amplitude scaling in a bimanual circle-drawing task: Pattern switching and end-effector variability,"The centrality of time to the quality and experience of our lives has led scholars from a variety of disciplines to consider its social origins, including temporal differences among social collectives. Consistent across their accounts is the acknowledgment that time is co-constructed by people via their communicative interactions and formalized through the use of symbols. The goal of this chapter is to build on these extant socio-historical accounts - which explain temporal commodification, construction, and compression in Western, industrialized organizations - to offer a perspective that is grounded in communication and premised on human agency. Specifically, it takes a chronemic approach to interrogating time in the workplace, exploring how time is a symbolic construction emergent through human interaction. It examines McGrath and Kelly's (1986) model of social entrainment as relevant to the interactional bases of time, and utilizes it and structuration theory to consider the mediation and interpenetration of four oft-cited practices in the emergence of a Westernized time orientation: industrial capitalism, the Protestant work ethic, the mechanized clock, and standardized time zones. Surrounded by contemporary workplace discussions on managing the demands of personal-professional times, this analysis employs themes of temporal commodification, construction, and compression to explore the influence of these socio-historical developments in shaping norms about the time and timing of work. © 2007.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Ballard, Dawna I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,"Learning to optimize speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure: A framework for understanding speed-accuracy relations in goal-directed aiming","The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-8744271226,10.2308/aud.2004.23.2.159,The effect of risk of misstatement on the propensity to commit reduced audit quality acts under time budget pressure,"This paper examines the effects of time budget pressure and risk of mis-statement on the propensity of auditors to commit reduced audit quality (RAQ) acts. Understanding the different conditions under which time budget pressure can impact on auditors' behavior is important because of the emphasis on meeting budgets in practice. A 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design was used with two between-subjects variables for time budget pressure and risk and a repeated measure for the type of RAQ (accepting doubtful audit evidence and truncating a selected sample). The dependent variable was the propensity to commit RAQ. The results support the contention that, undertime budget pressure, the likelihood of RAQ is lower when the risk of misstatement is higher. However, this effect was observed for only one of the two RAQ acts examined, suggesting that these RAQ acts are not seen to be the same by auditors. Different risk responses conditioned on the type of RAQ may be indicative of a strategic response to use of RAQ under time budget pressure.",Audit quality | Audit time budgets | Reduced audit quality,Auditing,2004-01-01,Article,"Coram, Paul;Ng, Juliana;Woodliff, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956073945,10.1108/00483481011064181,Anarchy and the effects of schedule pressure,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore rationalizations individuals provide for engaging in personal activities on company time. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 121 survey respondents working in a variety of organizations and backgrounds. Respondents provided information on the number of times they engage in various personal activities while at work, the amount of time engaged in these activities, and their rationalizations for performing personal activities during work hours. Findings: Results suggest that employees spend nearly five hours in a typical workweek engaged in personal activities. More than 90 per cent of this time is spent using the internet, email, phone, or conversing with co-workers. Employees use a variety of rationalizations for such behavior, but only two rationalizations (i.e. boredom and convenience) were statistically reliable predictors of the extent to which they engaged in personal activities on company time. Practical implications: The current research finds that boredom and convenience are related to the extent that employees engage in personal activities on company time. Improvements in the work environment to reduce boredom might show a marked decrease in these behaviors, thereby mitigating the need for organizations to develop formal policies against these behaviors. Originality/value: This is only the second quantitative study to examine the amount of time individuals spend engaged in specific personal activities on the job. It is the first quantitative exploration of the rationalizations employees use to justify these behaviors. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Boredom | Employee involvement | Employee relations,Personnel Review,2010-01-01,Article,"Eddy, Erik R.;D'Abate, Caroline P.;Thurston, Paul W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865059477,10.1080/2158379X.2012.698901,Negotiating interests or values and reaching integrative agreements: The importance of time pressure and temporary impasses,"There is an increasing interest in the application of Structuration Theory in the fields of management and organization studies. Based upon a thorough literature review, we have come up with a data-set to assess how Structuration Theory has been used in empirical research. We use three key concepts of this theory (duality of structure, knowledgeability, and time-space) as sensitizing concepts for our analysis. We conclude that the greatest potential of Structuration Theory for management and organization studies is to view it as a process theory that offers a distinct building block for explaining intra and interorganizational change, as exemplified through concepts such as routine, script, genre, practice, and discourse. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",duality of structure | Giddens | knowledgeability | review | structuration | time-space,Journal of Political Power,2012-08-01,Article,"den Hond, Frank;Boersma, F. Kees;Heres, Leonie;Kroes, Eelke H.J.;van Oirschot, Emmie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2442573700,10.1016/j.ijproman.2003.11.005,Perceived time pressure and social processes in project teams,"This study addresses the issue of perceived time pressure in project teams. The first purpose was to investigate how time pressure relates to job satisfaction and estimated goal achievement. A second purpose was to investigate how team processes [team support for the goal, cooperation and collective ability] affect the potential effect of time pressure. The study includes members [n=110] of 12 projects [six construction projects, five product development projects and one organizational development project] from four Swedish companies. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and the response rate was 76%. Time pressure was negatively related, although slightly, to both estimated goal fulfillment and job satisfaction. The negative effect of time pressure was moderated by team support for the goal and collective ability in such a way that the negative effect disappeared. The findings remained after controlling for task complexity. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved.",Project work | Team processes | Time pressure,International Journal of Project Management,2004-08-01,Article,"Nordqvist, Stefan;Hovmark, Svante;Zika-Viktorsson, Annika",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955076183,10.1147/JRD.2009.5429030,Packaging and purchase decisions: An exploratory study on the impact of involvement level and time pressure,"Computer server management is an important component of the global IT (information technology) services business. The providers of server management services face unrelenting efficiency challenges in order to remain competitive with other providers. Server system administrators (SAs) represent the majority of the workers in this industry, and their primary task is server management. Since system administration is a highly skilled position, the costs of employing such individuals are high, and thus, the challenge is to increase their efficiency so that a given SA can manage larger numbers of servers. In this paper, we describe a widely deployed Service Delivery Portal (SDP) in use throughout the Server Systems Operations business of IBM that provides a set of well-integrated technologies to help SAs perform their tasks more efficiently. The SDP is based on three simple design principles: 1) user interface aggregation, 2) data aggregation, and 3) knowledge centralization. This paper describes the development of the SDP from the vantage point of these three basic design principles along with lessons learned and the impact assessed from studying the behavior of SAs with and without the tool. © 2009 IBM.",,IBM Journal of Research and Development,2009-01-01,Article,"Lenchner, Jonathan;Rosu, Daniela;Velasquez, Nicole F.;Guo, Shang;Christiance, Ken;DeFelice, Don;Deshpande, Prasad M.;Kummamuru, Krishna;Kraus, Naama;Luan, Laura Z.;Majumdar, Debapriyo;McLaughlin, Martin;Ofek-Koifman, Shila;P, Deepak;Perng, Chang Shing;Roitman, Haggai;Ward, Christopher;Young, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-7044245257,10.1080/1366880042000245443,"The academic life course, time pressures and gender inequality","In this paper we examine time pressures facing faculty members in the USA, especially assistant professors. We consider whether the strategy of sequencing life events, specifically 'tenure first, kids later', is a viable strategy for faculty today. We draw from the 1998 National Survey of Post-Secondary Faculty, which includes data on over 10,000 full-time professors in US universities. We examine the amount of time faculty work on a weekly basis. We then consider the ages of assistant professors. We also document the prevalence of dual-career marriages in academia. Next we document the patterns of parental responsibilities among assistant professors, and examine the impact of marital and parental status on time devoted to professional responsibilities. We also discuss the impact of time pressures on job satisfaction. This analysis is designed to highlight the challenges of designing more family-friendly professional positions without recreating or reinforcing gender disparities in earnings and professional status. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",Academic careers | Academic productivity | Job satisfaction | Work-family conflict | Working time,"Community, Work and Family",2004-08-01,Review,"Jacobs, Jerry A.;Winslow, Sarah E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4043180462,10.3901/cjme.2004.02.173,Run to run control of time-pressure dispensing system,"In electronics packaging the time-pressure dispensing system is widely used to squeeze the adhesive fluid in a syringe onto boards or substrates with the pressurized air. However, complexity of the process, which includes the air-fluid coupling and the nonlinear uncertainties, makes it difficult to have a consistent process performance. An integrated dispensing process model is introduced and then its input-output regression relationship is used to design a run to run control methodology for this process. The controller takes EWMA scheme and its stability region is given. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed run to run control method for dispensing process.",Dispensing system | Electronics packaging | Process control | Run to run control,Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition),2004-01-01,Article,"Zhao, Yixiang;Li, Hanxiong;Ding, Han;Xiong, Youlun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955886061,10.1080/13662716.2010.496247,There just aren't enough hours in the day': The mental health consequences of time pressure,"Technological advances and economic changes have enabled distant collaboration between knowledge workers, and contributed to the increased use of globally distributed teams to accomplish knowledge-intensive work. This paper presents exploratory research that aims to improve our understanding of the interplay between multiple work identities and their effect on globally distributed teams' outcomes. We compare two globally distributed teams in Western organizations offshoring R&D activities towards emerging countries. Our grounded model shows that acceptance of virtual work is facilitated when the perception of different professional identities across sites is moderated by a shared organizational identity; when managerial support promotes cultural integration and diffused knowledge about the strategic objectives of virtual work; and when glocalized work practices are promoted and sustained over time. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications. ©2010 Taylor & Francis.",Globally distributed teams | Offshoring | Organizational identity | Professional identity | Work practice,Industry and Innovation,2010-08-27,Article,"Mattarelli, Elisa;Tagliaventi, Maria Rita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950855128,10.1145/1460563.1460664,Pushing paste,"In this paper we describe a study that explored the implications of the Social Translucence framework for designing systems that support communications at work. Two systems designed for communicating availability status were empirically evaluated to understand what constitutes a successful way to achieve Visibility of people's communicative state. Some aspects of the Social Translucence constructs: Visibility, Awareness and Accountability were further operationalized into a questionnaire and tested relationships between these constructs through path modeling techniques. We found that to improve Visibility systems should support people in presenting their status in a contextualized yet abstract manner. Visibility was also found to have an impact on Awareness and Accountability but no significant relationship was seen between Awareness and Accountability. We argue that to design socially translucent systems it is insufficient to visualize people's availability status. It is also necessary to introduce mechanisms stimulating mutual Awareness that allow for maintaining shared, reciprocical knowledge about communicators' availability state, which then can encourage them to act in a socially responsible way. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Accountability | Ambiguity | Awareness | Mediated communication | Social Translucence | Socially responsible behaviour | Visibility,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Szostek, Agnieszka Matysiak;Karapanos, Evangelos;Eggen, Berry;Holenderski, Mike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4644236349,10.3758/BF03196582,One process is not enough! A speed-accuracy tradeoff study of recognition memory,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) methods have been used to contrast single- and dual-process accounts of recognition memory. In these procedures, subjects are presented with individual test items and are required to make recognition decisions under various time constraints. In this experiment, we presented word lists under incidental learning conditions, varying the modality of presentation and level of processing. At test, we manipulated the interval between each visually presented test item and a response signal, thus controlling the amount of time available to retrieve target information. Study-test modality match had a beneficial effect on recognition accuracy at short response-signal delays (≤300 msec). Conversely, recognition accuracy benefited more from deep than from shallow processing at study only at relatively long response-signal delays (≥300 msec). The results are congruent with views suggesting that both fast familiarity and slower recollection processes contribute to recognition memory.",,Psychonomic Bulletin and Review,2004-01-01,Article,"Boldini, Angela;Russo, Riccardo;Avons, S. E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2342464833,10.1080/01490400490432127,A predictive model of chronic time pressure in the Australian population: Implications for leisure research,"Time pressure is a perception of being rushed or pressed for time. In its most extreme form, time pressure has implications for leisure, health and wellbeing. Although previous findings from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) show that time pressure affects large numbers of Australians (ABS, 1998; Bittman, 1998), no research has addressed chronic time pressure (ie. always feeling time pressured). This study aims to use selected demographic variables to develop a model to predict chronic time pressure in the Australian population. The implications of chronic time pressure for leisure research are also discussed. © Taylor and Francis Inc.",Chronic time pressure | Leisure | Logistic regression,Leisure Sciences,2004-04-01,Article,"Gunthorpe, Wendy;Lyons, Kevin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84891417132,10.1007/978-3-8349-6030-6,Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff during Performance of a Tracking Task Without Visual Feedback,"In recent works on the design of management control systems, interest in the controllability principle has seen a revival. Franz Michael Fischer investigates the effects of the principle's application on managers' responses. The author further explores the impact of several important contextual factors on the basic relationships and, thus, develops moderated mediation models. The results are based on interview data gathered from 12 managers and survey data from 432 managers which confirm most of the hypotheses. The data analysis reveals that the application of the controllability principle has a significant effect on role stress and role orientation which, in turn, are related to managerial performance and affective constructs. © Gabler Verlag Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH 2010. All rights reserved.",,The Application of the Controllability Principle and Managers' Responses: A Role Theory Perspective,2010-12-01,Book,"Fischer, Franz Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884528235,10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639724.003.0016,Testing the effectiveness of icons for supporting distributed team decision making under time pressure,"This chapter uses the research methodology of shadowing to present managerial work. The concept of abduction is used to illustrate the potential flexibility of semi-structured managerial observations. The chapter describes the value of shadowing as a research methodology because of the access it provides to managerial work. In addition, the use of structure in field observations complements the anecdotal or unstructured recording of events and conversations. In the analysis of empirical data, repeated codings and coding changes are possible. Examples of abductions are developed into theoretical concepts. New theoretical contributions are possible when a combination of structure and flexibility is balanced with openness to surprising ideas throughout the research process.",Abduction | Managerial work | Semi-structured observations | Shadowing,The Work of Managers: Towards a Practice Theory of Management,2012-05-24,Book Chapter,"Arman, Rebecka;Vie, Ola Edvin;Åsvoll, Håvard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73349119059,10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00094-5,Time pressure and group performance: Exploring underlying process in the Attentional Focus Model,"This study investigates the e-mail usage behavior of knowledge workers through an in-depth literature review and a focus group discussion. It finds that people are ruled by e-mail, but think otherwise. In daily usage, many of the weaknesses of e-mail are converted into strengths, and having an information system background does not necessarily lead to sophistication in using e-mail tools. Further, users regard e-mail as a print medium rather than an interactive medium, and it has to a great extent replaced face-to-face communication in the workplace. E-mail users use the medium's carbon copy and forwarding features habitually and not out of necessity, and they do not usually handle work-related and personal e-mail messages separately. Finally, users seek opportunities to learn about e-mail functionality out of convenience, but these are not attained with ease. A contrast between these findings and conventional wisdom is drawn.",Focus group | Knowledge worker | Usage behavior,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2009-09-01,Article,"Huang, Eugenia Y.;Lin, Sheng Wei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1842531920,10.1016/j.obhdp.2003.12.003,When is one head better than two? Interdependent information in group decision making,"Research on information exchange in group decision making has frequently assumed that information items have independent meanings. Relaxing this assumption raises new issues and presents new possibilities. In the experiment presented here, dyads worked on hidden profile decision tasks in which pairs of unshared information items had interdependent meanings. Dyad decisions were more likely to be accurate when each pair of interdependent items was allocated to a single member (a ""connected"" hidden profile) than when each pair of interdependent items was separated between the two members (a ""disconnected"" hidden profile). These information distributions influenced the degree to which dyads considered unshared information. Cognitive load was manipulated, and it impaired decision makers' ability to identify connections among interdependent information items. The differentiated distribution of information inherent in transactive memory systems moderated the negative effects of cognitive load on dyad decisions. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Group processes | Hidden profiles | Time pressure | Transactive memory,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2004-01-01,Article,"Fraidin, Samuel N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866436438,10.1002/job.783,Collective and proactive coping with time pressure at work: a case study among home-care workers,"This study revisits the commonplace research conclusion that greater team member collectivism, as opposed to individualism, is associated with higher levels of individual-level performance in teams. Whereas this conclusion is based on the assumption that work in teams consists exclusively of tasks that are shared, typical teamwork also includes tasks that are individualized. Results of a laboratory study of 206 participants performing a mix of individualized and shared tasks in four-person teams indicate that heterogeneous combinations of individualism and collectivism are associated with higher levels of team member performance, measured as quantity of output, when loose structural interdependence enables individual differences in individualism-collectivism to exert meaningful effects. These results support the modified conclusion that a combination of individualism and collectivism is associated with higher levels of member performance in teams under typical work conditions; that is, conditions in which the tasks of individual members are both individualized and shared. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Groups | Individualism / collectivism | Teams,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2012-10-01,Article,"Wagner, John A.;Humphrey, Stephen E.;Meyer, Christopher J.;Hollenbeck, John R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1342303714,10.3200/GENP.131.1.18-28,Time-Pressure Effects on Performance in a Base-Rate Task,"Researchers assume that time pressure impairs performance in decision tasks by invoking heuristic processes. In the present study, the authors inquired (a) whether it was possible in some cases for time pressure to improve performance or to alter it without impairing it, and (b) whether the heuristic invoked by base-rate neglect under direct experience can be identified. They used a probability-learning design in 2 experiments, and they measured the choice proportions after each of 2 possible cues in each experiment. In 1 comparison, time pressure increased predictions of the more likely outcome, which improved performance. In 2 comparisons, time pressure changed the choice proportions without affecting performance. In a 4th comparison, time pressure hindered performance. The choice proportions were consistent with heuristic processing that is based on cue matching rather than on cue accuracy, base rates, or posterior probabilities. © 2004 Taylor ‖ Francis Group, LLC.",Base-rate neglect | Choice | Decision making | Probability learning,Journal of General Psychology,2004-01-01,Article,"Goodie, Adam S.;Crooks, C. L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-8644279022,10.1207/s1532785xmep0604_1,Parsing reality: The interactive effects of complex syntax and time pressure on cognitive processing of television scenarios,"In a variety of domains, complexity has been shown to be an important factor affecting cognitive processing. Complex syntax is 1 of the ways in which complexity has been shown to burden cognitive processing. Research has also shown that the determination of a message's truth, or reality, is affected by message complexity. Cognitive burden has been shown to cause unrealistic events to be judged as more real. Two experiments investigate the effects of syntactic complexity on the typicality assessment of previously rated typical and atypical television scenarios. Complex syntax exhibited a curvilinear effect on reality assessment, such that highly typical events became more unreal and highly atypical events became more real, whereas moderately typical scenarios were unaffected. The cognitive load added by complex syntax appeared to limit the processing of both reality and unreality cues. Adding time pressure was expected to increase cognitive load; however, it appeared to reverse the effects of complex syntax. Participants' syntax recognition results suggested that the complex syntax did burden processing as predicted. Tests with response latencies indicated that atypical scenarios and scenarios described with complex syntax were more slowly recognized.",,Media Psychology,2004-01-01,Article,"Bradley, Samuel D.;Shapiro, Michael A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-52949140211,10.1108/09526860810900754,"Mood, persuasion and information presentation","Purpose - The traditional perspective in the occupational and organizational psychology literature aimed at understanding well-being, has focused almost exclusively on the ""disease"" pole. Recently, however, new concepts focusing on health are emerging in the so-called ""positive psychology"" literature. The purpose of this paper is to test multiple possible linkages (or profiles) between certain personal, organizational, and cultural variables that affect both burnout and vigor. Burnout (disease) and vigor (health) are assumed to represent two extreme poles of the well-being phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach - An innovative statistical treatment borrowed from data mining methodology was used to explore the conceptual model that was utilized. A self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 1,022 physicians working in Swedish public hospitals was used. Standardized job/work demands with multiple items were employed in conjunction with the Uppsala Burnout scale, which was dichotomized into high (burnout) and low (vigor) score. A combination of ANOVAs and ""classification and regression tree analyses"" was utilized to test the relationships and identify profiles. Findings - Results show an architecture that predicts 59 percent of the explained variance and also reveals four ""tree branches"" with distinct profiles. Two configurations indicate the determinants of high-burnout risk, while two others indicate the configurations for enhanced health or vigor. Originality/value - In addition to their innovative-added value, the results can also be most instrumental for individual doctors and hospitals in gaining a better understanding of the aetiology of burnout/vigor and in designing effective preventative measures for reducing risk factors for burnout, and enhancing well-being (vigor). © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Doctors | Hospitals | Medical personnel | Stress | Sweden,International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance,2008-10-06,Article,"Diez-Pinol, M.;Dolan, S. L.;Sierra, V.;Cannings, Kathleen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3042561782,10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00090-8,The unexpected benefits of final deadlines in negotiation,"Two experiments explored actual and predicted outcomes in competitive dyadic negotiations under time pressure. Participants predicted that final deadlines would hurt their negotiation outcomes. Actually, moderate deadlines improved outcomes for negotiators who were eager to get a deal quickly because the passage of time was costly to them. Participants' erroneous predictions may be due to oversimplified and egocentric prediction processes that focus on the effects of situational constraints (deadlines) on the self and oversimplify or ignore their effects on others. The results clarify the psychological processes by which people predict the outcomes of negotiation and select negotiation strategies. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Negotiation | Social prediction | Time pressure,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2004-01-01,Article,"Moore, Don A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919724865,10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639724.003.0006,Bargaining under time pressure in an experimental ultimatum game,"This chapter reports on the work activities, time-use patterns, and stress patterns of ten health care managers in Sweden. The qualitative and quantitative evidence reveals the fragmentation in their nine-hour working days where each activity, on average, lasts only ten minutes. The timeuse patterns vary individually though some patterns are related to position and unit type. Activities deal with the coexisting and competing logics of employeeship, administration, and strategy and risk handling. None of the managers' approaches for handling the multiple legitimation processes and delimiting their workload boundaries really challenges the complexity of the coexistence of the multiple logics or the boundlessness of their working hours. Using biophysical measures, the research finds that stress reported by the managers is caused by (a) interruptions during challenging tasks and (b) personal situations such as private dilemmas and conflict-loaded or ineffective meetings. It is important to acknowledge managers' fragmented working situation and to recognize that management should be seen as collective process, or as part of an administrative system.",Administration | Employeeship | Health-care managers | Risk handling | Strategy | Stress patterns | Time-use patterns,The Work of Managers: Towards a Practice Theory of Management,2012-05-24,Book Chapter,"Arman, Rebecka;Wikström, Ewa;Tengelin, Ellinor;Dellve, Lotta",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0348217841,10.1046/j.1467-9450.2003.00367.x,"Differences in the justification of choices in moral dilemmas: Effects of gender, time pressure and dilemma seriousness","The effects on moral reasoning of gender, time pressure and seriousness of the issue at hand were investigated. In Experiment 1, 72 university students were presented with moral dilemmas and asked what actions the actors involved should take and to justify this. Women were found to be more care-oriented in their reasoning than men, supporting Gilligan's moral judgment model. Both time pressure and consideration of non-serious as opposed to serious moral dilemmas led to an increase in a justice orientation compared with a care orientation in moral judgments. In Experiment 2, a similar task was given to 80 persons of mixed age and profession, and the participants' moral reasoning was coded in terms of its being either duty-orientated (duty, obligations, rights) or consequence-oriented (effects on others). Men were found to be more duty-oriented than women, and time pressure to lead to a greater incidence of duty orientation.",Care | Justice | Morality | Time pressure,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2003-12-01,Article,"Björklund, Fredrik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866122644,10.1002/jocb.7,The impact of time pressure on software inspection performance: A pilot study,"The turbulence of the new economy puts demands on organizations to respond rapidly, flexibly and creatively to changing environments. Meetings are one of the organizational sites in which organizational actors ""do"" creativity; interaction in groups can be an important site for generating creative ideas and brainstorming. Additionally, Blount (2004) demonstrated the importance of organizational temporalities for group performance. We draw on both of these literatures and examine how temporal structures influence the climate for creativity, or the extent to which creativity is fostered, within groups. Specifically, we develop a hypothesis linking organization- and job-level temporal structures to the extent to which managers structure meetings with a climate supportive of creativity. Our results demonstrate that a nuanced relationship exists between temporal structures and creative climate such that certain temporal structures appear to either enhance or decrease the creative climate of meetings. We end with a discussion of the implications of the findings for management. © 2012 by the Creative Education Foundation, Inc.",Creative climate | Layered-task time | Meetings | Temporality,Journal of Creative Behavior,2012-06-01,Article,"Agypt, Brett;Rubin, Beth A.;Spivack, April J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645931345,10.1097/00004010-200601000-00003,Adapting strategy choices to situational factors: The effect of time pressure on children's numerosity judgement strategies,"Practitioners renegotiated time use requirements in an electronic medical record (EMR), thereby improving fit between health information technology (HIT) and clinical practices. The study contains important implications for managing HIT implementation. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.",EMR | Hospital | Localization | Time,Health Care Management Review,2006-01-01,Article,"Bar-Lev, Shirly;Harrison, Michael I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749682712,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06009-2,TIME PRESSURE AND TEAM PERFORMANCE: AN ATTENTIONAL FOCUS INTEGRATION,"Despite the potentially vital implications of time pressure for group performance in general and team effectiveness in particular, research has traditionally neglected the study of time limits and group effectiveness. We examine the small, but growing, body of research addressing the effect of time pressure on group performance and introduce our Attentional Focus Model of group effectiveness (Karau & Kelly, 1992). We examine recent research on the utility of the model and identify selected implications of the model for how time pressure may interact with other factors such as task type, group structure, and personality to influence team performance. Finally, we discuss methodological issues of studying attention, interaction processes, and team performance. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Karau, Steven J.;Kelly, Janice R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0442325474,,The role of commitment in information search in failing projects,"Managers often have to face the dilemma whether to continue with a failing course of action or to accept the losses and abandon it. Managers often escalate their commitment to a failing project. This paper focuses on information search in failing projects and proposes that before the project is initiated managers will possess a deliberative mindset that is open to diverse information but after the project begins, managers will possess an implemental mindset reducing their information search. In case of a failing project the information search may even be narrower. Time pressure will reduce information search and exacerbate the escalation behavior whereas experience may moderate this effect.",Commitment | Experience | Information Search | Time Pressure,Proceedings - Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute,2003-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jani, Arpan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925760701,10.1016/j.respol.2015.01.019,Recent advances in shortening the thermal analysis life-cycle,"Firms devoted to research and development and innovative activities intensively use teams to carry out knowledge intensive work and increasingly ask their employees to be engaged in multiple teams (e.g., R&D project teams) simultaneously. The literature has extensively investigated the antecedents of single teams performance, but has largely overlooked the effects of multiple team membership (MTM), i.e., the participation of a focal team's members in multiple teams simultaneously, on the focal team outcomes. In this paper we examine the relationships between team performance, MTM, the use of collaborative technologies (instant messaging), and work-place social networks (external advice receiving). The data collected in the R&D unit of an Italian company support the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between MTM and team performance such that teams whose members are engaged simultaneously in few or many teams experience lower performance. We found that receiving advice from external sources moderated this relationship. When MTM is low or high, external advice receiving has a positive effect, while at intermediate levels of MTM it has a negative effect. Finally, the average use of instant messaging in the team also moderated the relationship such that at low levels of MTM, R&D teams whose members use instant messaging intensively attain higher performance while at high levels of MTM an intense use of instant messaging is associated with lower team performance. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications for innovative firms engaged in multitasking work scenarios.",Collaborative technologies | External advice receiving | Instant messaging | Multiple team membership (MTM) | R&D team performance | Social networks,Research Policy,2015-05-01,Article,"Bertolotti, Fabiola;Mattarelli, Elisa;Vignoli, Matteo;Macrì, Diego Maria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242721457,,Examining the effect of reward structure and system interface on operators' information-processing strategies under time pressure,"A prior study [2] found that a ""Receive"" icon to inform operators when new information had arrived was not effective because as time pressure increased operators increasingly made decisions before, not after, receiving all information. Although it was easy to modify the ""Receive"" icon so operators could tell if information arrived before or after a decision, we wondered if we could more effectively support operators' information processing strategy by changing their reward structure, not the interface. In particular, we hypothesized that increasing the importance of decision accuracy versus quantity would make operators wait for information and, therefore, be able to maintain accuracy under the highest time pressure level even with the old ""Receive"" icon. A factorial experiment was performed, and that's exactly what we found. The results indicate the importance of considering operators' reward structure, not just their system interface, when supporting operators' information processing strategies under time pressure.",Decision making | Human-computer interface | Icons | Reward structure | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics",2003-11-24,Conference Paper,"Adelman, Leonard;Gambill, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1242286454,10.1109/TEPM.2003.820824,Off-line control of time-pressure dispensing processes for electronics packaging,"Fluid dispensing is one critical process in electronics packaging, in which fluid materials (such as encapsulant, adhesive) are delivered controllably onto substrates for the purpose of encapsulation. Time-pressure dispensing is recently the most widely used approach, and its control has proven to be a challenging task due to the fact that the dispensing process performance is significantly affected by the behavior of the fluid dispensed. Moreover, if the fluid exhibits time-dependent behavior, the control becomes more difficult and demanding. This paper presents a method to model the time-pressure dispensing process, taking into account the time-dependent fluid behavior. Based on the model developed, an off-line control strategy is developed for improving the process performance. Experiments on a typical commercial dispensing system were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the modeling method and the off-line control strategy.",Electronics packaging | Model updating | Off-line control | Time-dependent fluid behavior | Time-pressure dispensing,IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing,2003-10-01,Article,"Chen, X. B.;Zhang, W. J.;Schoenau, G.;Surgenor, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874876933,10.1007/s11577-013-0193-x,Editorial,"Part-time work helps organizations to ensure flexibility and allows employees to combine work and family duties. However, despite their desire to work reduced hours, many individuals work full-time - particularly those in leadership positions. This article therefore examines which factors contribute to the use of part-time work among managers. By analysing a data set that combines individual-level data from the European Labor Force Survey (2009) with country-level information from various sources, we identify the circumstances under which managers reduce their working hours and the factors that explain the variations in part-time work among managers in Europe. Our multi-level analyses show that normative expectations and cultural facts rather than legal regulations can explain these cross-national differences. © 2013 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.",International comparison | Managers | Multi-level analyse | Part-time work,Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie,2013-03-01,Article,"Hipp, Lena;Stuth, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79954505716,10.1108/17465660910973934,Comparative study of fluid dispensing modeling,"Purpose – Resource scarcity is a major difficulty facing firms that engage in new product development (NPD) projects. The purpose of this paper is to understand how resource allocation strategies affect NPD performance and which strategy is the best alternative, a research and development (R&D) process model is constructed using system dynamics. Design/methodology/approach – Moreover, resource allocation strategies are categorized into two types: design/stage/first strategy and manufacturing/stage/first strategy, and several important indicators of performance evaluation are defined. Then different workload scenarios are developed to test the relationships between resource allocation strategy and various NPD performance measures. Findings – The most important finding from simulation results is that a firm should allocate its resources into early development stage first in order to obtain superior R&D performance. Originality/value – This paper has successfully constructed new system dynamics model for quantifying the performances of R&D process. © 2009, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Modelling | Simulation,Journal of Modelling in Management,2009-07-03,Article,"Wang, Kung Jeng;Lee, Yun Huei;Wang, Sophia;Chu, Chih Peng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0642272949,10.1080/00224540309598463,The Need for Closure and the Spontaneous Use of Complex and Simple Cognitive Structures,"The authors performed 2 experiments that explored the causal role of need for closure in producing the use of simple structures. In particular, the authors gave the participants a cue that called for a complex or a simple solution on a cognitive complexity task. The authors created the participants' need for closure through the use of time pressure. The results of both experiments revealed that participants only generated complex solutions in the complex cue-no time pressure condition. The discussion is focused on the effects of need for closure in tasks calling for adaptive and spontaneous flexibility. © 2003 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Cognitive complexity | Flexibility | Need for closure | Need for structure | Time pressure,Journal of Social Psychology,2003-10-01,Article,"Van Hiel, Alain;Mervielde, Ivan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875444861,10.1016/j.ejor.2013.01.048,Mediation in Peacekeeping Missions,"This paper presents a system cost model to assist a manufacturer in assessing the minimum cost allocations of quality improvement targets to suppliers. The model accounts for the effects of autonomous learning and induced learning on quality improvement, via variance reductions of supplier processes. The model further accounts for the effects of planned and unplanned disruptions in supplier production processes, where such gaps in production decreases the amount of autonomous learning while providing an opportunity for induced learning, thereby counteracting the effect of disruptions on process improvement. An optimization model is developed that obtains the quality improvement allocations that minimize system expected cost to both suppliers and manufacturer. The proposed models also account for both the uncertainty in the realized induced learning rate as well as uncertainty in the realized level of process disruptions. An example is used to demonstrate an implementation of the proposed models and to assess the sensitivity of the optimal target allocations to several model parameters. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Autonomous learning | Induced learning | Manufacturer and supplier process | Process disruption | Quality management,European Journal of Operational Research,2013-07-16,Article,"Wang, Weijia;Plante, Robert D.;Tang, Jen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874533057,10.1016/j.scaman.2012.09.003,Conflict experience of physicians in hospitals [Konflikterleben von ärztinnen und ärzten im krankenhaus],"Following the work of the idealist philosopher John McTaggart, we argue studies of management practice use two senses of socially constructed time, distinguished as A and B series. In B series, time is spatialized into calculable instants allowing the structuring and intensification of commercial activity into sequences of means and ends, something that that aids exploitation. In A series, time is akin to experience in which the future and past are open to subjects' imagination and interpretation, something that aids exploration. We then extend this theorization of time in management practice; specifically we conceptually develop A series by considering the intimacy between time, experience and existence. Drawing on the work of Heidegger we develop another idea of time - 'world time' - in which altogether different possibilities for managerial practice may be glanced, ones associated with experiment and play in which time is no longer something to be saved, or made use of, because time is no longer understood as a resource, or even a thing. World time, we argue, develops the work of James March, by de-coupling exploration from exploitation; no longer is one in the service of the other. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.",Adam Smith | Division of labour | Heidegger | McTaggart | Play | Practice | Process | Time,Scandinavian Journal of Management,2013-03-01,Article,"Bakken, Tore;Holt, Robin;Zundel, Mike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951867219,10.1109/ICSE.2015.335,The effects of deadline pressure on attitudinal ambivalence,"Good software engineers are essential to the creation of good software. However, most of what we know about softwareengineering expertise are vague stereotypes, such as 'excellent communicators' and 'great teammates'. The lack of specificity in our understanding hinders researchers from reasoning about them, employers from identifying them, and young engineers from becoming them. Our understanding also lacks breadth: what are all the distinguishing attributes of great engineers (technical expertise and beyond)? We took a first step in addressing these gaps by interviewing 59 experienced engineers across 13 divisions at Microsoft, uncovering 53 attributes of great engineers. We explain the attributes and examine how the most salient of these impact projects and teams. We discuss implications of this knowledge on research and the hiring and training of engineers.",Expertise | Software engineers | Teamwork,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2015-08-12,Conference Paper,"Li, Paul Luo;Ko, Andrew J.;Zhu, Jiamin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56549130738,10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.007,A case study of methods used to tackle a common pedagogic problem in medical and dental education: Time pressure,,,International Journal of Intercultural Relations,2008-11-01,Article,"Leonard, Karen Moustafa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939784459,10.5465/amj.2012.0911,Time pressure and closing of the mind in negotiation,"As information communication technologies proliferate in the workplace, organizations face unique challenges managing how and when employees engage in work and nonwork activities. Using interview and archival data from the U.S. Navy, we explore one organization's attempts to shape individual attention in an effort to exert boundary control. We describe the organizational productivity and security problems that result from individual attention being engaged in nonwork activities while at work, and find that the organization manages these problems by monitoring employees (tracking attention), contextualizing technology use to remind people of appropriate organizational use practices (cultivating attention), and diverting, limiting, and withholding technology access (restricting attention). We bring together research on attention and control to challenge current definitions of boundary control, and we detail the understudied situational controls used by the organization to shape work-nonwork interactions in the moment. We highlight how situational control efforts must work together in order to capture attention and shape behavior, and we develop a model to explicate this ongoing process of boundary control. Our findings offer insight into the evolving challenges that organizations face in executing boundary control, as well as of organizational control more broadly, in the modern workplace.",,Academy of Management Journal,2015-06-01,Article,"Stanko, Taryn L.;Beckman, Christine M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0141575583,10.2466/pms.2003.96.3.1040,Visual information processing under time pressure in high and low level soccer players,"The present study investigated differences in information processing rate of high and low level soccer players under three time-pressure conditions: High (0.5 sec.), Medium (1 sec.), and Low (2 sec.). No significant difference was found under Low time pressure, but under Medium time pressure the higher skilled group processed more visual information than the lower skilled group (p<.05).",,Perceptual and Motor Skills,2003-01-01,Article,"Zhongfan, Lu;Inomata, Kimihiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037829144,10.1080/01490400306563,Spiritual functions of leisure and spiritual well-being: Coping with time pressure,"The purpose of this study was to develop a model of leisure style and spiritual wellbeing relationships, and the processes (spiritual functions of leisure) by which leisure can influence spiritual well-being. Also, the role of leisure in ameliorating the effects of time pressure on spiritual well-being was examined. Structural equation modeling using AMOS was employed to test direct and indirect effects models of the relationships among components of leisure style (leisure activity participation, leisure motivation, and leisure time), spiritual functions of leisure (sacrilization, repression avoidance, sense of place) and spiritual well-being (both behavioral and subjective). The model developed suggests that some components of people's leisure styles lead to certain behaviors and experiences (spiritual functions of leisure) that maintain or enhance spiritual well-being. These spiritual functions of leisure may also serve as coping strategies to ameliorate the negative influence of time pressure on spiritual well-being.",Leisure | Spiritual functions of leisure | Spiritual well-being | Stress | Time pressure,Leisure Sciences,2003-04-01,Article,"Heintzman, Paul;Mannell, Roger C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860817644,10.4324/9780203889947,MDFT account of decision making under time pressure,,,Time in Organizational Research,2008-09-09,Book Chapter,"Claessens, Brigitte J.C.;Roe, Robert A.;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038068867,10.1177/106480460301100205,Operator stress and display design,Designing for stressful and high-workload situations is becoming increasingly important with the continuing growth of the human as a system monitor and overseer. Specifying crucial information during violent swings between extremes of underload and overload is a vital concern because temporal distortion and time criticality characterize these life-altering events.,,Ergonomics in Design,2003-01-01,Article,"Hancock, Peter A.;Szalma, James L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038648785,10.1016/S1467-0895(03)00003-4,Matching electronic communication media and audit tasks,"Increasing marketplace demand for real-time reporting of business information is inevitably leading to the requirement for more frequent assurance from auditors over the accuracy and reliability of such information. The frequency and speed with which auditors must provide assurance, coupled with the global dispersion of business clients, place more demand on the use of electronic communication media in all phases of the assurance process. However, there is little theoretical guidance concerning how to best match various electronic communication media representations to audit tasks. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to develop a media-task fit (METAFIT) model that can be used in future research endeavors, particularly for information inquiry tasks in judgment and decision-making. The METAFIT model specifies conditions and factors leading to an optimal bilateral (auditor-client) METAFIT, with the objective of maximizing task effectiveness. © 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Audit tasks | Client inquiry | Experience | Interactivity | Media richness | Reprocessability | Task equivocality | Task performance | Time pressure,International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,2003-03-01,Article,"Nöteberg, Anna;Benford, Tanya L.;Hunton, James E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856739710,10.1111/j.1467-6486.2011.01021.x,Using Brunswikian theory and a longitudinal design to study how hierarchical teams adapt to increasing levels of time pressure,"The 24/7 economy creates new organizational temporalities including a temporal structure called layered-task time (LTT), characterized by greater simultaneity, fragmentation, contamination, and constraint. This paper develops a measure of LTT, and examines the relationship between its components and job satisfaction as moderated by an individual's polychronicity, or propensity for multitasking. A total of 306 employees from various jobs, organizations, and industries were surveyed. The LTT measures provide promising initial evidence of reliability and content validity. We also find that those who are more polychronic are more satisfied in environments characterized by a need for multitasking and using dissimilar skills, as well as organizational temporal constraint and unpredictable shifts in temporal boundaries. Finally, we discuss implications for research on temporal structures in the workplace. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Management Studies © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.",Job satisfaction | Layered-task time | Polychronicity | Temporal structures | Time,Journal of Management Studies,2012-03-01,Article,"Agypt, Brett;Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67651177416,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.05.002,Memory structures that subserve sentence comprehension,"Tactile and auditory cues have been suggested as methods of interruption management for busy visual environments. The current experiment examined attentional mechanisms by which cues might improve performance. The findings indicate that when interruptive tasks are presented in a spatially diverse task environment, the orienting function of tactile cues is a critical component, which directs attention to the location of the interruption, resulting in superior interruptive task performance. Non-directional tactile cues did not degrade primary task performance, but also did not improve performance on the secondary task. Similar results were found for auditory cues. The results support Posner and Peterson's [1990. The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience 13, 25-42] theory of independent functional networks of attention, and have practical applications for systems design in work environments that consist of multiple, visual tasks and time-sensitive information. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Attention-orienting | Interruption management | Tactile cues | Task-switching,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2009-09-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Clegg, Benjamin A.;Heggestad, Eric D.;Hopp-Levine, Pamela J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247862279,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17005-9,"Time use, work and overlapping activities: Evidence from Australia","This chapter draws from psychological and organizational research to develop a conceptual model of individual temporality in the workplace. We begin by outlining several general cognitive and motivational aspects of human temporal processing, emphasizing its reliance on (a) contextual cues for temporal perception and (b) cognitive reference points for temporal evaluation. We then discuss how an individual's personal life context combines with the organizational context to shape how individuals situate their time at work through: (1) the adoption of socially constructed temporal schemas of the future; (2) the creation of personal work plans and schedules that segment and allocate one's own time looking forward; and (3) the selection of temporal referents associated with realizing specific, valued outcomes and events. Together, these elements shape how individuals perceive and evaluate their time at work and link personal time use to the broader goals of the organization. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Blount, Sally;Leroy, Sophie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938291711,10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.05.027,"Giving credit entices more students to check their work, but..","The investigation of how exactly salespeople create value at the individual level of interaction is still incomplete. While there have been lively debates on value creation and co-creation processes at the organizational level in the business marketing literature, researchers have paid much less attention to the fact that such processes almost always start at the interpersonal level of buyer-seller interactions. Through utilizing a symbolic interactionist perspective and the ethnographic research method of shadowing, the present study moves research insights into value creation in sales forward by depicting the detailed activities and tactics that influence customers' value perceptions during the sales encounter. We complement the sales influence literature with three additional tactics: disrupt, reassure and dedicate. We also expand the framework of value creation in sales interactions by identifying three value strategies that change, strengthen or expand customer value perceptions through different socio-cognitive mechanisms.",B2B | Influence strategies | Sales | Symbolic interactionism | Value creation,Industrial Marketing Management,2015-08-01,Article,"Hohenschwert, Lena;Geiger, Susi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928992481,10.1111/caim.12086,A practical approach of teaching Software Engineering,"Threatening situations, in which people fear negative outcomes or failure, evoke avoidance motivation. Avoidance motivation, in turn, evokes a focused, systematic and effortful way of information processing that has often been linked to reduced creativity. This harmful effect of avoidance motivation on creativity can be problematic in financially turbulent times when people fear for their jobs and financial security. However, particularly in such threatening times, creativity may be crucial to innovate, adapt to changing demands and stay ahead of competitors. Here, I propose a theoretical framework describing how different types of constraints in the workplace affect creative performance under approach and avoidance motivation. Specifically, under avoidance motivation, constraints that consume or occupy cognitive resources should undermine creativity, but constraints that channel cognitive resources should facilitate creativity. Understanding the impact of different types of constraints on creative performance is needed to develop strategies for maximizing creativity in the workplace.",,Creativity and Innovation Management,2015-06-01,Article,"Roskes, Marieke",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84936882154,10.1177/1350508415573881,Hick's law in a stochastic race model with speed-accuracy tradeoff,"The label ‘extreme’ has traditionally been used to describe out-of-the-ordinary and quasi-deviant leisure subcultures which aim at an escape from commercialized and over-rationalized modernity or for occupations involving high risk, exposure to ‘dirty work’ and a threat to life (such as military, healthcare or policing). In recent years, however, the notion of ‘extreme’ is starting to define more ‘normal’ and mainstream realms of work and organization. Even in occupations not known for intense, dirty or risky work tasks, there is a growing sense in which ‘normal’ workplaces are becoming ‘extreme’, especially in relation to work intensity, long-hours cultures and the normalizing of extreme work behaviours and cultures. This article explores extreme work via a broader discussion of related notions of ‘edgework’ and ‘extreme jobs’ and suggests two main reasons why extremity is moving into everyday organizational domains; the first relates to the acceleration and intensification of work conditions and the second to the hypermediation of, and increased appetite for, extreme storytelling. Definitions of extreme and normal remain socially constructed and widely contested, but as social and organizational realities take on ever more extreme features, we argue that theoretical and scholarly engagement with the extreme is both relevant and timely.",culture industry | edgework | extreme jobs | extreme work | hypermediation | storytelling | work intensification,Organization,2015-07-11,Editorial,"Granter, Edward;McCann, Leo;Boyle, Maree",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041382138,10.1167/2.7.171,Speed-accuracy tradeoffs for pursuit and saccades in a luminance discrimination task,"Purpose. In models of visual discrimination, sensory evidence accumulates over time, producing a tradeoff between speed and accuracy. To test whether pursuit and saccades obey the same speed-accuracy tradeoff, we measured the accuracy of pursuit and saccade choices over a large range of latencies. Methods. Human observers (n=2) initially fixated a central fixation cross. After a random interval, noise strips (0.7° ver x 40° hor moving horizontally (14°/s) were presented both above and below (± 2°) fixation. To elicit a range of latencies, the offset of the fixation cross varied in time (+200, 0, -200 ms) relative to the onset of the noise strips. The luminances of the pixels in the two noise strips were drawn from two normal distributions with different means, but with the same standard deviation. The difference in means was adjusted to produce signal strengths of d' = 0.05 or 0.1. The observers were asked to make an eye movement to and follow the brighter of the two strips. Because the strips moved horizontally in opposed directions and were vertically offset, subjects made a combination of pursuit and saccades on each trial. For each of the two signal strengths, we constructed speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades by plotting cumulative sensitivity as a function of time. Additionally, we measured the sensitivity of pursuit in a 1000-ms perisaccadic interval. Results. The trajectories of the speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades were similar - both increased from chance to asymptotic performance by 500 ms. Pursuit reached 95% of its final sensitivity at 44 and 98 ms before the saccade for our two subjects, respectively. Conclusions. The similarity in the speed-accuracy tradeoffs for pursuit and saccades supports the idea that choices by both eye movement systems are based on a shared pool of sensory evidence. The perisaccadic enhancement of pursuit sensitivity indicates that this sensory evidence accrues on a similar time scale for both movements.",,Journal of Vision,2002-12-01,Article,"Liston, D.;Carello, C. D.;Krauzlis, R. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751634320,10.1177/001979391106400203,Decision making under time pressure with different information sources and performance-based financial incentives - Part 1,"Using job-spell data based on an original survey of Information Technology (IT) degree graduates from five U.S. universities, the authors investigate the link between contracting and a set of job characteristics (accommodating flexible work hours, total work hours, and working from home) associated with work-life needs. Compared with regular employees in similar jobs, workers in both independent- and agency-contracting jobs report more often working at home and working fewer hours per week. Further, agency contracting (but not independent contracting) is associated with lower odds of being able to set one's own work hours. Important differences also emerge in workplaces of varying sizes. For each job characteristic, as workplace size increases, independent contracting jobs deteriorate relative to regular employment jobs. As a consequence, in large workplaces, independent contracting jobs appear to be less accommodating of work-life needs than regular employment jobs. © by Cornell University.",,Industrial and Labor Relations Review,2011-01-01,Review,"Briscoe, Forrest;Wardell, Mark;Sawyer, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953629506,10.1145/1321211.1321258,Racing through life: The distribution of time pressures by roles and role resources among full-time workers,"This paper describes an interview study investigating the collaborative information-seeking and - sharing practices of a global software testing team. A site located in Europe was used as a temporal bridge to help in managing time zone differences between the US, China and India. All sites utilized this bridge for critical, synchronous information seeking. Interviews suggest that bridging can be a taxing job and that the success of the bridging arrangement depended upon an intricate balance of temporal, infrastructure and cultural factors Copyright © 2007 Allen Milewski, Marilyn Tremaine, Richard Egan, Suling Zhang, Felix Köbler, Patrick O'Sullivan and IBM Corp.",,"Proceedings of the 2007 Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research, CASCON '07",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Milewski, Allen E.;Tremaine, Marilyn;Egan, Richard;Zhang, Suling;Köbler, Felix;O'Sullivan, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875348442,10.1080/09695958.2012.752151,Decision-making under time pressure with different information sources and performance-based financial incentives - Part 2,"The work of legal professionals is changing rapidly, but the changes have not yet been thoroughly investigated from the perspective of the sociology of work. This paper draws on a research project that examined the work of solicitors in private practice in Melbourne, Australia. It uses in-depth interviews, results of secondary surveys and other data sources in order to describe the dominant working-time patterns. The evidence points to a common pattern of rigid and demanding schedules, which can be traced back to the indirect pressures exerted by the widespread system of 'billable hours'. The paper takes up the challenge to examine the operation of this system. We argue that the billable hours system, initially just a technique for billing clients, has been transformed into a tool for measuring and controlling the work of salaried solicitors, through setting of targets, close time recording, careful monitoring, and a supple set of sanctions. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of the Legal Profession,2012-03-01,Article,"Campbell, Iain;Charlesworth, Sara",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1242283077,10.1115/1.1514058,On the flow rate dynamics in time-pressure dispensing processes,"Time-pressure dispensing has been widely employed in electronics packaging manufacturing, where the fluid (such as encapsulant, epoxy, adhesive, etc.) in a syringe is driven by pressurized air and delivered onto boards or substrates. In such a process, the flow rate dynamics is critical in controlling the amount of fluid dispensed, yet extremely difficult to represent due to its complex behavior. This paper presents the development of a model of the flow rate dynamics in time-pressure dispensing, taking into account both air compressibility and fluid inertia. Experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model developed.",,"Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Transactions of the ASME",2002-12-01,Article,"Chen, X. B.;Schoenau, G.;Zhang, W. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908212783,10.1111/ntwe.12030,"The effects of red-flag items, unfavorable projection errors, and time pressure on tax preparers' aggressiveness","Mobile multi-locational workers move a lot spatially, utilise different locations for work and communicate with others via electronic tools. This article presents an analysis of previously published empirical studies focusing on mobile workers' experiences of hindrances in five types of locations. Our review shows that some of the hindrances are unique for certain types of locations, while others recur in all or most of them. The change of physical locations results in continuous searching for a place to work and remaining socially as an outsider in all communities, including the main office. Limited connections and access in used locations seem to be the main challenges of virtual spaces despite of the recent developments in technology. In addition, we discuss the importance to consider hindrances caused by changing contexts as job demands, which can be influenced in work re/designing process.",Hindrances | Mobile work | Multi-locality | Physical | Social environment | Space | Virtual,"New Technology, Work and Employment",2014-01-01,Article,"Koroma, Johanna;Hyrkkänen, Ursula;Vartiainen, Matti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2642532065,,The challenges of promoting and assessing for conceptual understanding in chemical engineering,"A second-year chemical engineering course in which recommendation such reducing content coverage and promoting active learning were adopted, is discussed. It suggested that learning styles and approaches to learning should be considered as complementary theories on learning. It is found that a conceptual approach is necessary and sufficient in this course. It is also suggested unless students were already using a conceptual approach at the start of the course, they were unlikely to make a change to it despite explicit attempts by the lecturers of foster development.",,Chemical Engineering Education,2002-12-01,Article,"Case, Jennifer M.;Fraser, Duncan M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937029629,10.1509/jmr.14.0130,An Experimental Analysis of Decision Channeling by Restrictive Information Display,"Why do consumers often feel pressed for time? This research provides a novel answer to this question: consumers' subjective perceptions of goal conflict. The authors show that beyond the number of goals competing for consumers' time, perceived conflict between goals makes them feel that they have less time. Five experiments demonstrate that perceiving greater conflict between goals makes people feel time constrained and that stress and anxiety drive this effect. These effects, which generalize across a variety of goals and types of conflict (both related and unrelated to demands on time), influence how consumers spend time as well as how much they are willing to pay to save time. The authors identify two simple interventions that can help consumers mitigate goal conflict's negative effects: Slow breathing and anxiety reappraisal. Together, the findings shed light on the factors that drive how consumers perceive, spend, and value their time.",Choice | Consumer well-being | Goals | Time perception,Journal of Marketing Research,2015-06-01,Article,"Etkin, Jordan;Evangelidis, Ioannis;Aaker, Jennifer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74549195055,10.1108/17410380910984203,"Time pressure, libido problems, lack of money: Why doctor marriages get in trouble [Zeitdruck-libidoprobleme-geldmangel: Warum es in vielen arztehen kriselt]","Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish the influence and discipline of process control and systems engineering theory plus engineering practices in the chemical process industry on current operations management development. Thus, part I lays the requisite groundwork for subsequent papers, part II covering the concept of a manufacturing system and part III its expansion and exploitation into the managing/by/projects engineering change methodology to output an integrated whole. Design/methodology/approach – Extensive literature and wide ranging project review identifying relevance, mode of transference and application of process control techniques in discrete manufacture and other enterprises. Findings – Such “technology transfer” of the systems method has visibly improved discrete production performance, often to a state of international competitiveness. Contributions are made at many levels. These range from exploiting elements of the business process systems engineering (BPSE) toolkit is used to analyse material flow right up to examples of successfully enabling of the corporate achievement plan in large organisations. Research limitations/implications – Established systems philosophy is widely relevant. However, the point at which it transforms into systems engineering is application specific. Practical implications – No constraints are evident on application, but the extent of useful application is critically dependent on competence and culture of the enterprise. BPSE cannot be regarded as a “quick fix” panacea. It requires extensive and effective investment in people. For this reason a caveat emptor warning appears that applying the systems approach will fail unless taken seriously at all levels in the business. Originality/value – Originality confined to the domain of bringing existing knowledge together and exploiting it in such a way that the contribution to knowledge is greater than the sum of the constituent parts. © 2009, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Input/output analysis | Manufacturing systems | Modelling | Process management | Systems engineering,Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2009-09-04,Article,"Parnaby, John;Towill, Denis R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938422244,10.1080/1359432X.2015.1024664,Validity beliefs and ideology can influence legal case judgments differently,"Although often ignored, establishing and maintaining congruence in team members’ temporal perceptions are consequential tasks that deserve research attention. Integrating research on team cognition and temporality, this study operationalized the notion of a temporal team mental model (TMM) at two points in time using two measurement methods. Ninety eight three-person teams participated in a computerized team simulation designed to mimic emergency crisis management situations in a distributed team environment. The results showed that temporal TMMs measured via concept maps and pairwise ratings each positively contributed uniquely to team performance beyond traditionally measured taskwork and teamwork content domains. In addition, temporal TMMs assessed later in teams’ development exerted stronger effects on team performance than those assessed earlier. The results provide support for the continued examination of temporal TMM similarity in future research.",Team cognition | Team mental models | Temporality | Time,European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,2015-09-03,Article,"Mohammed, Susan;Hamilton, Katherine;Tesler, Rachel;Mancuso, Vincent;McNeese, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77449150691,10.1080/01446190903236379,"Using mouse and keyboard under time pressure: Preference, strategies and learning","Tacit knowledge is one of the perennial issues of discussion in both the knowledge management and construction management literature. Being by definition that which cannot be properly explained in existing operative vocabularies, tacit knowledge is a residual category in prescribed analytical frameworks in the knowledge management literature. However, knowledge that is not easily explained verbally or in written form plays a decisive role in the construction industry. For instance, in the case of rock construction work, the most skilled construction workers are capable of carrying out certain procedures without fully mastering accompanying operative vocabularies, thereby demonstrating the capacity to use what has been called aesthetic knowledge, a specific form of tacit knowledge recognizing the limits of verbal and written communication. Aesthetic knowledge is an emergent competence residing in everyday practices and is therefore capable of transcending operative vocabularies. In practical terms, both managers and practitioners should pay attention to the importance of tacit knowledge and aesthetic knowledge and construction companies should seek to provide arenas where tacit and aesthetic knowledge should be shared effectively. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.",Aesthetic knowledge | Rock construction work | Tacit knowledge,Construction Management and Economics,2009-12-01,Article,"Styhre, Alexander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036069271,10.1016/S0925-2312(02)00449-6,A neuronal field model for saccade planning in the superior colliculus: Speed-accuracy tradeoff in the double-target paradigm,"Recent experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the superior colliculus (SC) actively contributes to the integration of contextual information for the planning of saccadic eye movements. However, it is still under considerable discussion whether the neuronal processing mechanisms in the SC are also sufficient to account for target selection in response to multiple targets. Here, we use a neural field model which captures the basic pattern of lateral interaction in the SC to elucidate the role of the SC for the timing and metrics of a saccade in a double-target paradigm. Our modeling results suggest a more active role of the SC also for target selection. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Double-target paradigm | Neural fields | Saccade planning | Superior colliculus,Neurocomputing,2002-07-27,Article,"Schneider, Stefan;Erlhagen, Wolfram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036655005,10.1007/s00421-002-0611-7,Influence of time pressure and verbal provocation on physiological and psychological reactions during work with a computer mouse,"The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether time pressure and verbal provocation has any effect on physiological and psychological reactions during work with a computer mouse. It was hypothesised that physiological reactions other than muscle activity (i.e. wrist movements, forces applied to the computer mouse) would not be affected when working under stressful conditions. Fifteen subjects (8 men and 7 women) participated, performing a standardised text-editing task under stress and control conditions. Blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, electromyography, a force-sensing computer mouse and electrogoniometry were used to assess the physiological reactions of the subjects. Mood ratings and ratings of perceived exertion were used to assess their psychological reactions. The time pressure and verbal provocation (stress situation) resulted in increased physiological and psychological reactions compared with the two control situations. Heart rate, blood pressure and muscle activity in the first dorsal interosseus, right extensor digitorum and right trapezius muscles were greater in the stress situation. The peak forces applied to the button of the computer mouse and wrist movements were also affected by condition. Whether the increases in the physiological reactions were due to stress or increased speed/productivity during the stress situation is discussed. In conclusion, work with a computer mouse under time pressure and verbal provocation (stress conditions) led to increased physiological and psychological reactions compared to control conditions. © Springer-Verlag 2002.",Electromyography | Input device | Physiological reactions | Stress | Video display terminal,European Journal of Applied Physiology,2002-07-01,Article,"Wahlström, J.;Hagberg, M.;Johnson, P. W.;Svensson, J.;Rempel, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14744284601,10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2002)18:3(111),Applying evidential reasoning to prequalifying construction contractors,"A contractor prequalification process is a typical multiple criteria decision-making problem that embraces both quantitative and qualitative criteria. When facing such problems, a decision maker may need to provide uncertain, incomplete, or imprecise assessments due to a lack of information, time pressure and/or shortcomings in expertise. A multiple criteria decision-making method is then needed in order to deal with such assessments as well as for the meaningful and robust aggregation. This paper addresses these issues by applying an evidential reasoning approach to a contractor prequalification problem. The advantages and disadvantages of applying evidential reasoning to contractor prequalification problems in practice are also reported. © ASCE.",Construction industry | Contractors | Decision making,Journal of Management in Engineering,2002-07-01,Article,"Sönmez, M.;Holt, G. D.;Yang, J. B.;Graham, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946097733,10.1108/AAAJ-02-2015-1984,Risk factors in work-related traffic,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand: how and why do experienced professionals, who perceive themselves as autonomous, comply with organizational pressures to overwork? Unlike previous studies of professionals and overwork, the authors focus on experienced professionals who have achieved relatively high status within their firms and the considerable economic rewards that go with it. Drawing on the little used Bourdieusian concept of illusio, which describes the phenomenon whereby individuals are “taken in and by the game” (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992), the authors help to explain the “autonomy paradox” in professional service firms. Design/methodology/approach – This research is based on 36 semi-structured interviews primarily with experienced male and female accounting professionals in France. Findings – The authors find that, in spite of their levels of experience, success, and seniority, these professionals describe themselves as feeling helpless and trapped, and experience bodily subjugation. The authors explain this in terms of individuals enhancing their social status, adopting the breadwinner role, and obtaining and retaining recognition. The authors suggest that this combination of factors cause professionals to be attracted to and captivated by the rewards that success within the accounting profession can confer. Originality/value – As well as providing fresh insights into the autonomy paradox the authors seek to make four contributions to Bourdieusian scholarship in the professional field. First, the authors highlight the strong bodily component of overwork. Second, the authors raise questions about previous work on cynical distancing in this context. Third, the authors emphasize the significance of the pursuit of symbolic as well as economic capital. Finally, the authors argue that, while actors’ habitus may be in a state of “permanent mutation”, that mutability is in itself a sign that individuals are subject to illusio.",Accounting firms | Compliance | Habitus | Illusio | Overwork | Pierre Bourdieu,"Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal",2015-10-19,Article,"Lupu, Ioana;Empson, Laura",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350671732,10.1145/1477973.1477976,Physician stress: Results from the physician worklife study,"Many recent studies provide evidence of the challenges experienced by knowledge workers while multi-tasking among several projects and initiatives. Work is often interrupted, and this results in people leaving activities pending until they have the time, information, resources or energy to reassume them. Among the different types of knowledge workers, those working directly with Information Technology (IT) or offering IT services - software developers, support engineers, systems administrators or database managers -, experience particularly challenging scenarios of multi-tasking given the varied, crisis-driven and reactive nature of their work. Previous recommendations and technological solutions to ameliorate these challenges give limited attention to individual's preferences and to understanding how and what tools and strategies could benefit IT service workers as individuals. Based on the analysis of characteristics of IT service work and a consolidation of findings regarding personal activity management processes, we present the design of a software tool to support those processes and discuss findings of its usage by four IT service workers over a period of eight weeks. We found that the tool is used as a central repository to orchestrate personal activity, complementing the use of e-mail clients and shared calendars as well as supporting essential aspects of IT-service work such as multi-tasking and detailed work articulation. Copyright 2008 ACM.",,"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computer Human Interaction for Management of Information Technology, CHiMiT '08",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gonzalez, Victor M.;Galicia, Leonardo;Favela, Jesus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745143984,10.1007/s10111-006-0028-x,Attention and driving in traumatic brain injury: A question of coping with time-pressure,"Tactile cuing has been suggested as a method of interruption management for busy visual environments. This study examined the effectiveness of tactile cues as an interruption management strategy in a multi-tasking environment. Sixty-four participants completed a continuous aircraft monitoring task with periodic interruptions of a discrete gauge memory task. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups; one group had to remember to monitor for interruptions while the other group received tactile cues indicating an interruption's arrival and location. As expected, the cued participants evidenced superior performance on both tasks. The results are consistent with the notion that tactile cues transform the resource-intensive, time-based task of remembering to check for interruptions into a simpler, event-based task, where cues assume a portion of the workload, permitting the application of valuable resources to other task demands. This study is discussed in the context of multiple resource theory and has practical implications for systems design in environments consisting of multiple, visual tasks and time-sensitive information.",Interruption management | Prospective memory | Tactile cues | Task-switching,"Cognition, Technology and Work",2006-06-01,Article,"Hopp-Levine, Pamela J.;Smith, C. A.P.;Clegg, Benjamin A.;Heggestad, Eric D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952163712,10.4324/9780203879245,T-ECHO: Model of decision making to explain behaviour in experiments and simulations under time pressure,,,Exploring Positive Identities and Organizations: Building a Theoretical and Research Foundation,2009-05-28,Book Chapter,"Brickson, Shelley L.;Lemmon, Grace",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945123848,10.1007/3-540-45756-9_3,"A diary study of rendezvousing: Group size, time pressure and connectivity","This paper reports an initial analysis of a diary study of rendezvousing as performed by university students. The study’s tentative findings are: (i) usability ratings for communication services are a little worse during a rendezvous (when at least one person is en route) than before (when none have yet departed); (ii) problems rendezvousing caused more stress when the rendezvousing group was large (6 or more participants) than when the group was small, but led to no more lost opportunity. Finding (i) is attributed to the desire for instant communication (which is stronger when users are under time pressure), and the constraints placed upon interaction (which are tighter in public spaces than in personal spaces). Finding (ii) is attributed to the suggestion that large rendezvous include more acquaintances (whose contact details may not be known) and different kinds of subsequent activity. If rendezvousers need anything, this study suggests that they need greater connectivity and service availability, rather than greater bandwidth. Implications for the design of position-aware communications services are discussed.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Colbert, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036133996,10.1016/S0001-6918(01)00045-2,Influences of presentation mode and time pressure on the utilisation of advance information in response preparation.,"An important approach to the investigation of movement selection and preparation is the precuing paradigm where preliminary information about a multidimensional response leads to reaction time benefits which are positively related to the amount of precue information. This so-called precuing effect is commonly attributed to data-limited preparatory motoric processes performed in advance of the response signal. By means of recording the lateralised readiness potential (LRP), the present experiments investigated whether the precuing effect could be explained also by variables that affect strategic utilisation of stimulus-conveyed information. Experiment 1 presented fully and partially informative precues either in mixed or blocked mode. Experiment 2 exerted various degrees of time pressure to the different precue conditions. In both experiments, the precuing effect on reaction times and the LRP was fully preserved, refuting the notion that the sensitivity of the LRP to the amount of preliminary information merely reflects differential precue utilisation. As a major finding, time pressure increased the LRP amplitude during response preparation which is consistent with the view that response strategies generally influence movement preparation on a motoric level.",,Acta psychologica,2002-01-01,Article,"Sangals, Jörg;Sommer, W.;Leuthold, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955550762,10.1108/S1534-0856(2009)0000012014,Cost targets and time pressure during new product development,"Teams should be hotbeds of creativity, yet they may naturally experience many barriers that thwart their ability to generate and select the most creative ideas. We propose that team relational support - a relational process involving the exchange of help, information, advice, and emotional concern - can help teams overcome the barriers that undermine team creativity. The following chapter proposes a process model of relational support and team creativity - identifying the mechanisms through which team relational support aids team creative processes.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2009-12-01,Article,"Mueller, Jennifer;Cronin, Matthew A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040675702,10.1080/02724980143000235,Responding under time pressure: Testing two animal learning models and a model of visual categorization,"Two experiments are reported, which employed a Pavlovian eyelid conditioning procedure with human participants. The experiments tested the predictions of three models of the time-course of processing under time pressure. These were the extended generalized context model (Lamberts, 1998), and two variants of the Rescorla-Wagner model (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972), which were activated in cascade mode. Reinforcement schedules in the experiments were equivalent either to an AND rule or to an XOR rule. The time available for processing the conditioned stimulus and initiating a conditioned response was manipulated by varying the interval from the onset of the conditioned stimulus to the onset of the unconditioned stimulus. The results were in accord with the predictions of one of the two variants of the Rescorla-Wagner model.",,Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology,2002-01-01,Article,"Kinder, Annette;Lachnit, Harald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036344822,,Effects of time pressure on group cohesiveness in different task types and communication media [Efectos de la presión temporal sobre la cohesión grupal en diferentes tipos de tareas y en diferentes canales de comunicación],"The aim of this paper is to study the effects of time pressure on group cohesiveness in different tasks types (creativity, intellective and mixed-motive) and communication media (face-to-face, videoconference and e-mail). It was carried out an experiment using a sample of 124 subjects, randomly assigned into six different experimental conditions (3*2 communication media*time pressure) in four-person work groups. The results showed the relevance of task type and communication media to understand the relation between time pressure and group cohesiveness. Specifically, time pressure influenced negatively on group cohesiveness, when interdependence task requirements were high or middle, and groups worked face-to-face. It is suggested that future research should include other environmental or individual variables to reach a better understanding of the relation between time pressure and group work outcomes.",,Psicothema,2002-01-01,Article,"Gracia, Francisco Javier;Caballer, Amparo;Peiró, José María",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84926408429,10.1111/isj.12064,The power-light version: Improving legal quality under time pressure,"Despite the growing importance of information technology (IT) interruptions for individual work, very little is known about their nature and consequences. This paper develops a taxonomy that classifies interruptions based on the relevance and structure of their content, and propositions that relate different interruption types to individual performance. A qualitative approach combining the use of log diaries of professional workers and semi-structured interviews with product development workers provide a preliminary validation of the taxonomy and propositions and allow for the discovery of a continuum of interruption events that fall in-between the extreme types in the taxonomy. The results show that some IT interruptions have positive effects on individual performance, whilst others have negative effects, or both. The taxonomy developed in the paper allows for a better understanding of the nature of different types of IT interruption and their consequences on individual work. By showing that different types of interruptions have different effects, the paper helps to explain and shed light on the inconsistent results of past research.",Individual performance | Interviews | IT interruptions | Log diaries | Taxonomy,Information Systems Journal,2015-05-01,Article,"Addas, Shamel;Pinsonneault, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869466067,10.1145/634067.634330,Predicting user intentions in graphical user interfaces using implicit disambiguation,"We address the problem of predicting user intentions in cases of pointing ambiguities in graphical user interfaces. We argue that it is possible to heuristically resolve pointing ambiguities using implicit information that resides in natural pointing gestures, thus eliminating the need for explicit interaction methods and encouraging natural human-computer interaction. We present two speed-accuracy measures for predicting the size of the intended target object. These two measures are tested empirically and shown to be valid and robust. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of exact mouse location for disambiguation and the use of estimated movement continuation for predicting intended target objects at early stages of the pointing gesture. Copyright © 2012 ACM, Inc.",Fitts' law | Implicit disambiguation | Intelligent user interface | Pointing ambiguities | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2001-12-01,Conference Paper,"Noy, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035719944,10.1027//0269-8803.15.4.241,"Influence of time pressure in a simple response task, a choice-by-location task, and the Simon task","The influence of strategy was examined for a simple response task, a choice-by-location task, and the Simon task by varying time pressure. Besides reaction time (RT) and accuracy, we measured response force and derived two measures from the event-related EEG potential to form an index for attentional orienting (posterior contralateral negativity: PCN) and the start of motor activation (the lateralized readiness potential: LRP). For the choice-by-location task and the Simon task, effects of time pressure were found on the response-locked LRP, but not on the onset of the PCN and the stimulus-locked LRP. Thus, strategy influences processing after the start of motor activation in choice tasks. A small effect of time pressure was found on the peak latency of the PCN in the Simon task, which suggests that time pressure may affect attentional orienting. In the simple response task, time pressure reduced the amplitude of the PCN. This finding suggests that strategy affects attentional orienting to stimuli when these stimuli are not highly relevant. Finally, the effect of time pressure on RT was much larger in the simple response task than in the other tasks, which may be ascribed to the possibility of preparing the required response in the simple response task.",LRP | Simon task | Simple and choice reactions | Strategy | Time pressure,Journal of Psychophysiology,2001-12-01,Article,"van der Lubbe, Rob H.J.;Jaśkowski, Piotr;Wauschkuhn, Bernd;Verleger, Rolf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035734623,10.1518/001872001775870403,Supporting decision making and action selection under time pressure and uncertainty: The case of in-flight icing,"Operators in high-risk domains such as aviation often need to make decisions under time pressure and uncertainty. One way to support them in this task is through the introduction of decision support systems (DSSs). The present study examined the effectiveness of two different DSS implementations: status and command displays. Twenty-seven pilots (9 pilots each in a baseline, status, and command group) flew 20 simulated approaches involving icing encounters. Accuracy of the decision aid (a smart icing system), familiarity with the icing condition, timing of icing onset, and autopilot usage were varied within subjects. Accurate information from either decision aid led to improved handling of the icing encounter. However, when inaccurate information was presented, performance dropped below that of the baseline condition. The cost of inaccurate information was particularly high for command displays and in the case of unfamiliar icing conditions. Our findings suggest that unless perfect reliability of a decision aid can be assumed, status displays may be preferable to command displays in high-risk domains (e.g., space flight, medicine, and process control), as the former yield more robust performance benefits and appear less vulnerable to automation biases.",,Human Factors,2001-01-01,Article,"Sarter, Nadine B.;Schroeder, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-46149089694,10.1080/01449290600874865,Effects of time pressure on mechanisms of speech production and self-monitoring,"In this paper we present a longitudinal study of an online media space addressing the question of how availability is managed in an interaction-intensive organization. We relied on three different data collection techniques and analysed our data in relation to three different work modes. During this study we participated in an online media space, for approximately six months making spot checks and observing the population from which ten subjects were selected for interviews. Our results show how techniques and strategies for availability management are developed and continuously adapted to a shared common ground. Further, our results show how having the communication channel open, and regulating availability on a social level instead of on a solely technical level, has the advantage of better coping with the ever-changing dynamics in group works. Finally, we show that there exists an ambiguity of availability cues in online media spaces that is smoothly handled by individuals.",Availability management | Interruptions | Media space | Workplace awareness,Behaviour and Information Technology,2008-05-01,Article,"Harr, R.;Wiberg, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035718429,10.3141/1752-02,Modeling effects of anticipated time pressure on execution of activity programs,"Existing activity-based models are typically concerned with predicting observed activity travel patterns. The study of the dynamics of the activity-scheduling process has received far less attention. To some extent, this situation can be explained by a lack of relevant data, but there is also a lack of conceptualization and simulation work. To fill this gap, the process of how individuals adjust their activity program as a function of anticipated time pressure during the execution of the program is conceptualized and specified.",,Transportation Research Record,2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Timmermans, Harry;Arentze, Theo;Joh, Chang Hyeon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84882039613,10.1007/1-4020-8095-6_31,Supporting decision-making and action selection under time pressure and uncertainty: The case of inflight icing,"Under certain circumstances a critical orientation to the study of workplace deviance/resistance is necessary to understand ICT-enabled workplace culture and employee behavior. The critical orientation to workplace deviance characterizes acts in opposition to an organization with the potential to do harm as semi-organized group resistance to organizational authority. The questions that drive this research are does technology enable deviance? When does an act of social deviance become an act of resistance against domination? The answers depend on the perspective of the labeler. To discuss these I offer the example of a case study of a small software development company called Ebiz.com. For the first few years of the existence of Ebiz.com the social control exerted on the employees increased yet there were no observable or discussed acts of employee retaliation. I argue that the social environment of the dot-com bubble allowed several myths to propagate widely and affect human behavior. As the market began to fail and dot-corns began to close the employees seemed to recognize their situation and enact deviant behavior or resist. Most importantly what I have learned from this work is that ICT work may lead to increased deviant or resistant behaviors and that ICT work may also provide a means to do increased deviant or resistant behavior. © 2004 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.",Dot-com deviance resistance critical theory organizations workplace,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Tapia, Andrea Hoplight",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897978589,10.1111/nejo.12055,Parallel effects of aging and time pressure on memory for source: Evidence from the spacing effect,"In this study, we have explored the use of mobile phones during negotiations. Specifically, we examined the effects that multitasking - reading messages on a mobile phone while negotiating face to face - had on the outcome achieved in a negotiation, as well as on perceptions of professionalism, trustworthiness, and satisfaction. Using an experimental design in a face-to-face dyadic negotiation, we found that multitasking negotiators achieved lower payoffs and were perceived as less professional and less trustworthy by their partners. © 2014 President and Fellows of Harvard College.",Mobile device | Multitasking | Negotiation | Professionalism | Smartphone | Technology | Trust,Negotiation Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Krishnan, Aparna;Kurtzberg, Terri R.;Naquin, Charles E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871548964,10.1145/2399016.2399124,Do psychosocial strain and physical exertion predict onset of low-back pain among nursing aides?,"In recent decades technology-induced interruptions emerged as a key object of study in HCI and CSCW research, but until recently the social dimension of interruptions has been relatively neglected. The focus of existing research on interruptions has been mostly on their direct effects on the persons whose activities are interrupted. Arguably, however, it is also necessary to take into account the ""ripple effect"" of interruptions, that is, indirect consequences of interruptions within the social context of an activity, to properly understand interrupting behavior and provide advanced technological support for handling interruptions. This paper reports an empirical study, in which we examine a set of facets of the social context of interruptions, which we identified in a previous conceptual analysis. The results suggest that people do take into account various facets of the social context when making decisions about whether or not it is appropriate to interrupt another person. Copyright © 2012 ACM.",Collaboration | Communication | Interpersonal relation | Interruptions | Physical proximity | Social context,NordiCHI 2012: Making Sense Through Design - Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction,2012-12-31,Conference Paper,"Harr, Rikard;Kaptelinin, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952489315,10.1177/0261927X09359591,Identifying the scope of modeling for time-critical multiagent decision-making,"Dealing with interruptions in collaborative tasks involves two important processes: managing the face of one's partners and collaboratively reconstructing the topic. In an experiment, pairs were interrupted while narrating personal stories. The duration of the interruption and the conversational role of the target were manipulated. Listeners were more polite than narrators, and longer suspensions caused more effort in reinstatement than short suspensions, but participants were not more polite when suspensions were long. © 2010 SAGE Publications.",Collaborative tasks | Conversation | Interruptions | Narrative,Journal of Language and Social Psychology,2010-06-01,Article,"Bangerter, Adrian;Chevalley, Eric;Derouwaux, Sylvie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035508956,,Effects of operator time pressure and noise on manual ultrasonic testing,"In earlier studies of manual ultrasonic testing, great variations have been found in operator performance, often attributed to operator fatigue. However, no conclusive findings have been reported. In the present study, twenty operators performed manual ultrasonic inspections of six test-pieces with manufactured flaws. The operators performed the inspections under stress (high arousal - time pressure and noise) and no-stress conditions; one condition the first day and the other the second and last day. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law there is an optimal arousal level where performance is highest. It was hypothesised that the stress condition led to a level of arousal so high that it would affect the results negatively. However, contrary to the hypotheses it was found that the manipulation increased operator performance. Operators with the stress condition day 1 performed better than the other operators (under the no-stress condition). This was interpreted as the 'stress first' (group 1) operators had established efficient performance patterns the first day - affecting also the second day. Operators beginning with stress condition also tended to be more motivated. It was concluded that operator performance is affected by arousal.",,Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2001-11-01,Article,"Enkvist, J.;Edland, A.;Svenson, O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938419320,10.1080/1369118X.2015.1036094,The role of cognitive resources in the valuation of near and far future events,"The video game industry has rapidly expanded over the last four decades; yet there is limited research about the workers who make video games. In examining these workers, this article responds to calls for renewed attention to the role of the occupation in understanding project-based workers in boundaryless careers. Specifically, this article uses secondary analysis of online sources to demonstrate that video game developers can be understood as a unique social group called an occupational community (OC). Once this classification has been made, the concept of OC can be used in future research to understand video game workers in terms of identity formation, competency development, career advancement and support, collective action, as well as adherence to and deviance from organizational and industry norms.",creative labour | cultural labour | occupational community | technical labour | video game industry,Information Communication and Society,2015-10-03,Article,"Weststar, Johanna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247863860,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17001-1,The role of time pressure on the emotional Stroop task,"The introduction to Volume 17 of Research in the Sociology of Work: Workplace Temporalities, reviews prior literature and issues in the studies of time at work. It provides a brief summary of the chapters in this volume and addresses some of the major themes, particularly those with which sociologists might be unfamiliar, since this volume is, quite deliberately, interdisciplinary. The chapters in this volume demonstrate the complexities of workplace temporalities in the new economy and suggest that incorporating inquiry about time will inform understanding not only of the contemporary workplace, but also of social life more broadly. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035626767,10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699,The Effects of Time Pressure on Quality in Software Development: An Agency Model,"An agency framework is used to model the behavior of software developers as they weigh concerns about product quality against concerns about missing individual task deadlines. Developers who care about quality but fear the career impact of missed deadlines may take ""shortcuts."" Managers sometimes attempt to reduce this risk via their deadline-setting policies; a common method involves adding slack to best estimates when setting deadlines to partially alleviate the time pressures believed to encourage shortcut-taking. This paper derives a formal relationship between deadline-setting policies and software product quality. It shows that: (1) adding slack does not always preserve quality, thus, systematically adding slack is an incomplete policy for minimizing costs; (2) costs can be minimized by adopting policies that permit estimates of completion dates and deadlines that are different and; (3) contrary to casual intuition, shortcut-taking can be eliminated by setting deadlines aggressively, thereby maintaining or even increasing the time pressures under which developers work.",Agency Theory | Principal-Agent | Software Estimating | Software Measurement | Software Quality,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36049049734,10.1177/1466138107083563,Maintaining task set under fatigue: A study of time-on-task effects in simulated driving,"The performance of writing software is an under-studied phenomenon in Information Systems (IS) studies. Key aspects of the process of software development - the practice of writing code, coding texts collectively, maintaining and extending source code - are too often glossed or treated unproblematically as technical 'givens' rather than social accomplishments. Although ethnographic methods are now considered a valid mode of study in the software industry, there is a relative scarcity of ethnographic studies of the performance of programming itself. Utilizing data drawn from an ethnographic study of an Irish software development company, this article presents an intensive study of what I term 'code talk', the verbal interactions which attend the performance of programming software. 'Code talk' is then situated as a crucial element of a broader social understanding of collaborative knowledge work. © SAGE Publications, Inc. 2007.",Ethnography | Ethnomethodology | Information systems development | Programming | Software development | Workplace studies,Ethnography,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Higgins, Allen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876666494,10.1016/j.erap.2012.12.003,Time pressure and stress as a factor during emergency egress,"Introduction: This field study tested the effectiveness of quiet hours (an hour free of any phone calls, visitors or incoming emails). Objective: Based on interruptions research and on a behavioral decision-making approach to time management, we argue that establishing quiet hours is a precommitment strategy against predominantly harmful interruptions. Furthermore, conscientiousness and the use of other time management techniques should moderate the effects of the quiet hour. Method: We tested this by using a two-week experimental diary study with managers as participants. Results: Multi-level analyses showed that a quiet hour improved the performance on a task worked on during the quiet hour in comparison to a similar task on a day without a quiet hour. Furthermore, overall performance was higher on days with a quiet hour than on days without one. Conscientiousness acted as a moderator, unlike the use of other time management techniques. Conclusion: These results imply that more people should consider implementing a quiet hour, especially if they are non-conscientious. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS.",Diary study | Intervention | Performance | Quiet hour | Time management,Revue europeenne de psychologie appliquee,2013-01-01,Article,"König, C. J.;Kleinmann, M.;Höhmann, W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039782362,10.1080/00913367.2001.10673632,Time pressure and information in sales promotion strategy: Conceptual framework and content analysis,"The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in time pressure and information between two broad classes of promotional offers: (1) “advanced receipts” in which consumers are encouraged to expedite the purchase of a good or service to take advantage of coupons, rebates, price-offs, premiums, etc.; and (2) “delayed payments, ” in which consumers are urged to “buy now and pay later.” A content analysis of 222 promotional offers was conducted using the time and outcome valuation model as a theoretical basis for understanding the role of time pressure in terms of time allowed before the offer expiration as well as copy and information in these different types of promotional offers. The findings indicate that delayed payment offers allow less time to participate than advanced receipt offers, have more time pressure copy for those promotional offers giving a deadline and provide more information. © 2001 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Journal of Advertising,2001-01-01,Article,"Spears, Nancy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862548701,10.5465/amr.2010.0327,Time Estimation by Adults Who Stutter,"To understand employees' responses to requests for their input, we describe cognitive and self-regulatory processes that make up ""input events."" Within the context of dynamic competing demands for employees' limited resources, we propose event-level features as determinants of the choices made on receiving an input request, illuminating whether and when employees provide input and how much thought goes into input formulation. We further consider the influence of individual characteristics on susceptibility to bias when making such choices. © 2012 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2012-07-01,Review,"Richardson, Hettie A.;Taylor, Shannon G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874558823,10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00517.x,Automating the dispensing process,"Whereas helping is costly for the helper, it is beneficial for the person who requests help. However, there is only scarce evidence on the relative costs and benefits of helping and this evidence is mixed. In addition, hardly any research investigates how these costs and benefits can be manipulated. With a laboratory experiment, we first examined how helping affects the performance of the helper, the help requester, and the dyad. Second, we investigated whether quiet hours that structure time into spans with interruptions and spans without interruptions decrease the costs of helping while keeping its benefits. We found that the requester's performance was higher and the helper's performance lower when help requests were permitted at any time rather than when no help was allowed. However, overall performance fell short of being significantly higher with help at any time. In addition, the helper's performance failed to be higher with quiet hours compared to interruptions at any time. Instead, both the helper's and the requester's performance were lower with quiet hours, resulting also in a lower overall performance. In search of an explanation, our data indicate that structuring time into spans with and without interruptions might generate costs of their own that could be reduced by setting fewer but longer spans without interruptions. © 2012 The Authors. Applied Psychology: An International Review © 2012 International Association of Applied Psychology.",,Applied Psychology,2013-04-01,Article,"Käser, Philipp A.W.;Fischbacher, Urs;König, Cornelius J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953294527,10.1017/CBO9781107587793.011,Recognizing time pressure and cognitive load on the basis of speech: An experimental study,"Growing exponentially over the past several decades, the topic of work and family has fueled a large body of scholarship (see Allen 2012 for a review). Interest in work and family is expansive. The struggle to balance work and family is one that resonates with many adults. It is a topic of concern to organizations (Society for Human Resource Management Workplace Forecast 2008) and to societies across the globe (Poelmans, Greenhaus, and Las Heras Maestro 2013). Indeed, work-family issues have captured the attention of the public at large, frequently appearing as a focal topic in the popular press with titles such as “Why Women Still Can's Have It All” (Slaughter 2012) and “Men Want Work-Family Balance, and Policy Should Help Them Achieve It” (Covert 2013). To date, the majority of work-family scholarship has focused on situational factors that help or inhibit individuals' abilities to manage multiple role responsibilities. This focus has resulted in a considerable body of work that has demonstrated links between stressors and demands emanating from the work and the family domains with constructs such as work-family conflict (Michel, Kotrba, Mitchelson, Clark, and Baltes 2011). Much of the attention aimed at reducing work-family conflict has centered on organizational practices such as flexible work arrangements and dependent care supports, despite findings that such practices have limited effectiveness in terms of alleviating work-family conflict (Allen et al. 2013; Butts, Casper, and Yang 2013). Work-family intervention research has focused on training supervisors to be more family-supportive (e.g., Hammer et al. 2011) or on flexible work practices (e.g., Perlow and Kelly 2014). Such approaches are based on the notion that experiences such as work-family conflict are primarily provoked by the situation. There is also a growing body of research that demonstrates that personality variables are associated with work-family experiences, which suggests that individual differences beyond demographic variables also contribute to work-family experiences (Allen et al. 2012)",,"Mindfulness in Organizations: Foundations, Research, and Applications",2015-01-01,Book Chapter,"Allen, Tammy D.;Paddock, E. Layne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015080820,10.1145/2468356.2468395,Racing the e-bomb: How the internet is redefining information systems development methodology,"We explore the usefulness of time analytics based on activity log data created by a mixture of automatic activity tracking on a PC and manual time tracking (stop-watch functionality) for time management. For two weeks, 7 study participants used such computer-supported time tracking and reviewed their time use daily. Our study reveals that the regular usage of such software indeed leads to insights with respect to time management: study participants consistently reported surprise about the extent of their worktime fragmentation. Additionally, our study indicates that besides mere data analytics, users require guidance (“actionable analytics”) to actually change time management behaviour.",Actionable analytics | Activity-logging | Empirical study | Time management,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2013-04-27,Conference Paper,"Pammer, Viktoria;Bratic, Marina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870683617,10.1007/978-1-84628-905-7_7,Effects of group task pressure on perceptions of email and face-to-face communication effectiveness,"Through a wide range of information technologies information workers are continuing to expand their circle of contacts. In tandem, research is also focusing more and more on the role that both face-to-face and distributed interactions play in accomplishing work. Though some empirical studies have illustrated the importance of informal interaction and networks in establishing collaborations (e.g. Nardi et aI., 2002; Whittaker, Isaacs, et aI., 1997), there is still a need for more in situ research to understand how different types of interactions support group work.",,"Proceedings of the 3rd Communities and Technologies Conference, C and T 2007",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Su, Norman Makoto;Mark, Gloria;Sutton, Stewart A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034359402,10.1023/A:1008736622709,The Impact of Time Pressure and Information on Negotiation Process and Decisions,"The amount of time available to reach an agreement, information about a negotiator's own position, and information about the opponent's position were manipulated in a simulated contract negotiation. As in decision making research, time pressure in negotiation was expected to decrease response time and change response strategy. Information was expected to be an advantage to negotiators when clarifying their preferences but a disadvantage if information about competing opponent interests was present. Results supported this expectation. Different patterns of concessions and inconsistencies were found under high and low time pressure and type of information.",Decision making | Information | Negotiation | Policy modeling | Self-knowledge | Strategy | Time pressure | Utility,Group Decision and Negotiation,2000-01-01,Article,"Stuhlmacher, Alice F.;Champagne, Matthew V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747921789,10.1109/tepm.2000.895060,Modelling of time-pressure fluid dispensing processes,"The process of time-pressure fluid dispensing has been widely employed in the semi-conductor industry, where the fluid is applied to boards or substrates. In such a process, the flow rate of fluid dispensed and the shape of fluid formed on the board are the two most critical performance indexes, yet extremely difficult to represent because of their complex behavior. This paper presents the development of a model for the time-pressure fluid dispensing process, by which the flow rate and shape can be established. Experiments have been performed to validate the model developed. © 2000 IEEE.",,IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing,2000-01-01,Article,"Chen, X. B.;Schoenau, G.;Zhang, W. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034413007,10.1207/s15327043hup1302_1,"Effects of Group Goals and Time Pressure on Group Efficacy, Information-Seeking Strategy, and Performance","Fifty-six 3-person groups performed the Winter Survival exercise (which supposes a plane crash in the wilderness in winter). Assigned goals (in terms of deviation of the groups' ranking of the relative importance of various survival objects from experts' ranking) and time pressure were manipulated. Group-set goal difficulty, group efficacy, perceived time pressure, information seeking (i.e., knowledge seeking regarding the task through the ""purchase"" of clues), and group performance were assessed. Perceived time pressure negatively affected group efficacy (p < .10). Both assigned goals and group efficacy influenced the level of group-set goals, which in turn affected group information seeking. The seeking of task-relevant information through the purchase of clues was the only direct predictor of group performance.",,Human Performance,2000-01-01,Article,"Durham, Cathy C.;Locke, Edwin A.;Poon, June M.L.;McLeod, Poppy L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898009303,10.4337/9781782548225.00010,Information requirements for traffic awareness in the free-flight environment,,,Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory,2013-01-01,Book Chapter,"Lindenberg, Siegwart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56449125492,10.1007/978-3-540-88011-0_27,Modeling of time-pressure fluid dispensing processes,"Effective collaboration and communication are important contributing factors to achieve success in agile software development projects. The significance of workplace environment and tools are immense in effective commun-ication, collaboration and coordination between people performing software development. In this paper, we have illustrated how workplace environment, collaboration, improved communication, and coordination facilitated towards excellent productivity in a small-scale software development organization. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Agile methods | Collaboration | Communication | Small software development organization | Software development | Workspace,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2008-11-26,Conference Paper,"Mishra, Deepti;Mishra, Alok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034267008,10.1016/S0001-6918(00)00046-9,The influence of time pressure and cue validity on response force in an S1-S2 paradigm,"Hypotheses about variations of response force have emphasised the influences of arousal and of motor preparation. To study both types of influences in one experiment, the effects of time pressure and of validity of S1 were investigated in tasks wherein a first stimulus (S1) indicated the most probable response (80% valid) required after a second stimulus (S2). Under time pressure, responses were executed more forcefully while, as could be expected, response times were shorter and errors were more frequent. This pattern of results was not only obtained when time pressure was varied between blocks, but also when varied from trial to trial, by information given by S2. Also invalidly cued responses were executed more forcefully but, as could be expected, in contrast to time pressure, response times were longer and errors were more frequent. The results demonstrate that latency and force of responses may vary in different directions. Ways are outlined on how current hypotheses must be extended in order to account for these results. © 2000 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved.",Cue validity | Response force | S1-S2 paradigm | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2000-09-30,Article,"Jaśkowski, Piotr;Van Der Lubbe, Rob H.J.;Wauschkuhn, Bernd;Wascher, Edmund;Verleger, Rolf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85207440632,10.5465/ambpp.2006.22898650,"Acute response to precision, time pressure and mental demand during simulated computer work","Building on qualitative data, we model how individual agents, rather than organizational units or firms, search and exchange knowledge. We use the fine-grained model to suggest moving away from the ""more is better"" approach to knowledge exchange towards a more contingent approach. Employing an agentbased modeling approach, we present three synthetic experiments and derive testable propositions. First, we propose that the higher the individual learning rate, the lower the returns on organizational knowledge exchange and thus the lower the differences between exchange and non-exchange organizations, and between different exchange configurations. Second, we propose that the lower the problem complexity, the lower the returns on organizational knowledge exchange, with similar organizational consequences. Third, we propose that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the size of individual memory and the returns from knowledge exchange. We conclude by calling for a greater consideration of direct and opportunity cost in organizational knowledge exchange.",Performance | Reciprocity | Social Network,Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2006-01-01,Conference Paper,"Levine, Sheen S.;Prietula, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36148993934,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06001-8,On the utility of experiential cross-training for team decision-making under time stress,,,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Blount, Sally",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84968765185,10.1145/2675133.2675231,"Managed care, time pressure, and physician job satisfaction: Results from the physician worklife study","In this paper, we introduce the notion of a temporal logic to characterize sets of organizing principles that perpetuate particular orientations to the lived experience of time. We identify a dominant temporal logic, circumscribed time, which has legitimated time as chunkable, single-purpose, linear, and ownable. We juxtapose this logic with the temporal experiences of participants in three ethnographic datasets to identify a set of alternative understandings of time-that it is also spectral, mosaic, rhythmic, and obligated. We call this understanding porous time. We posit porous time as an expansion of circumscribed time in order to provoke reflection on how temporal logics underpin the ways that people orient to each other, research and design technologies, and normalize visions of success in contemporary life.",Close Reading | Ethnography | Logics | Rhythm | Social Norms | Temporality,CSCW 2015 - Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing,2015-02-28,Conference Paper,"Mazmanian, Melissa;Erickson, Ingrid;Harmon, Ellie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649246158,10.1177/1363459309353296,Effects of time-pressure on decision-making under uncertainty: Changes in affective state and information processing strategy,"Sociologists have debated whether meaningful emotional relationships can be formed on-line. Drawing on Mauss' concept of the gift, I explore how caregivers who participate in Hope, an on-line support forum dedicated to HIV/AIDS, incorporate moral percepts and understandings about ethics into their caregiving experiences. Their intense discussions on the essence of familial loyalties give rise to emotionally vibrant, empathic communities in which a socio-emotional economy is formulated. Can the Internet act as a moral space? How are concepts such as reciprocity, obligation, and commitment talked about and practiced in an on-line forum that exists in the ever present?. © The Author(s) 2010.",Care ethic | Gift | HIV/AIDS | On-line support group | Socio-emotional economy | Sympathy,Health,2010-03-01,Article,"Bar-Lev, Shirly",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949087229,10.1007/s11412-015-9217-z,Neurophysiological and behavioral indices of time pressure effects on visuomotor task performance,AMOEBA is a unique tool to support teachers’ orchestration of collaboration among novice programmers in a non-traditional programming environment. The AMOEBA tool was designed and utilized to facilitate collaboration in a classroom setting in real time among novice middle school and high school programmers utilizing the IPRO programming environment. AMOEBA’s key affordance is supporting teachers’ pairing decisions with real time analyses of students’ programming progressions. Teachers can track which students are working in similar ways; this is supported by real-time graphical log analyses of student activities within the programming environment. Pairing students with support from AMOEBA led to improvements in students’ program complexity and depth. Analyses of the data suggest that the data mining techniques utilized in and the metrics provided by AMOEBA can support instructors in orchestrating cooperation. The primary contributions of this paper are a set of design principles around and a working tool for fostering collaboration in computer science classes.,Classroom orchestration | Computer science education | Constructionism | Learning analytics,International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning,2015-12-01,Article,"Berland, Matthew;Davis, Don;Smith, Carmen Petrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-61149641614,10.1080/14719030410001675731,Time pressure impacts on electronic brainstorming in a Group Support System environment,"Authorities working on economic-crime investigation in Finland are trying to change their form of collaboration from the sequential passing of documents towards parallel, interorganizational collaboration: the on-line investigation of an ongoing crime. The synchronization of events and the outputs of various participants proved to be difficult in this emerging process. This new model of crime investigation also requires a new kind of time management. This article explores how the change is being constructed in everyday practice by examining three economic-crime-investigation cases. It is claimed that individual efforts to manage time allocation suffice only in terms of co-ordination of events. It is suggested that a successful shift to parallel, interorganizational collaboration requires more than the common marking of calendars. The object of the work and the forms of interaction should be taken as subjects of reflective negotiation. New kinds of collective time-management tools are needed in this effort. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd.",Economic-crime investigation | Forms of interaction | Interorganizational collaboration | Time management,Public Management Review,2004-03-01,Article,"Puonti, Anne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001401625,,Time pressure influence on group work by task type and communication channel [Influencia de la presión temporal en el trabajo en grupo en función del tipo de tarea y del canal de comunicación],"The aim of this paper is to study the modulator effects of task type (intellective, creative and bargaining) and communication channel on the influence of time pressure on group performance quality. For this reason, it was carried out an experiment using a sample of 124 subjects, that were randomly assigned into the six different experimental conditions (3*2 -communication channel*time pressure) in four-person groups. The results showed the relevance of type of task and communication channel in understanding the relation between time pressure and group performance quality. It is suggested that future research will must take into account environmental or individual variables as modulators to reach a better understanding of the relation between time pressure and group performance quality, whose literature results are often contradictory.",,Psicothema,2000-05-01,Article,"Gracia, Francisco J.;Arcos, J. L.;Caballer, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952896299,10.1080/01638530902959935,Centrifugal and centripetal forces in radical new product development under time pressure,"Interruptions are common in joint activities like conversations. Typically, interrupted participants suspend the activity, address the interruption, and then reinstate the activity. In conversation, people jointly commit to interact and to talk about a topic, establishing these commitments sequentially. When a commitment is suspended, face is threatened and grounding disrupted. This article proposes and tests a model for suspending and reinstating joint activities, using evidence from naturally occurring suspensions in the Switchboard corpus (Study 1) and from a laboratory experiment (Study 2). Results showed that long suspensions led to more politeness and more collaborative effort in reinstatement than short suspensions. Also, listeners were more polite than speakers in suspending joint activities. Overall, suspending and reinstating a joint activity was shown to be a collaborative task that requires coordination of both the topic and the participants' face needs. © 2010 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,Discourse Processes,2010-05-01,Article,"Chevalley, Eric;Bangerter, Adrian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034164097,10.1177/104649640003100201,"Communication networks in task-performing groups: Effects of task complexity, time pressure, and interpersonal dominance","In an experiment on the emergence of communication networks, 48 groups, each consisting of 4 or 5 members, were randomly assigned to the cells of a 2 (high vs. low time pressure) × 2 (high vs. low task complexity) factorial design and completed a decision-making task. The interpersonal dominance of each member was measured via the Dominance scale of the Personality Research Form (PRF). Results showed that members higher in dominance emerged as more central in the group communication network, both sending and receiving more messages than members lower in dominance. Group members correctly perceived that those higher in dominance participated more in discussion. Communication was more centralized in groups that worked on the low complexity task than in groups that worked on the high complexity task. Members correctly perceived that participation was more unequally distributed in more centralized groups. An anticipated interaction effect, with time pressure moderating the effect of task complexity, was not supported.",,Small Group Research,2000-01-01,Article,"Brown, Thomas M.;Miller, Charles E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034165440,10.1016/S0361-3682(99)00044-6,The effect of time pressure on auditor attention to qualitative aspects of misstatements indicative of potential fraudulent financial reporting,"Motivated by recent concern regarding the auditor's role in fraud detection, this study predicts that (1) under time pressure auditors' attention will become focused on the dominant task at the expense of attention to the subsidiary task and (2) the task of accumulating documentary evidence regarding frequency of misstatements will dominate the task of attending to qualitative aspects of misstatements. Results from an experiment were consistent with expectations. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",,"Accounting, Organizations and Society",2000-01-01,Article,"Braun, Robert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84936860200,10.1177/1350508415572511,The Time Course of Conceptual Processing in Three Bilingual Populations,"This review sets extreme jobs in the context of the institutional, occupational, organizational and individual drivers of long hours and work intensification and identifies the consequences for gender equality, human sustainability and long-term productivity. We suggest that extreme jobs derive not from the ‘nature’ of managerial and professional work but from working practices and occupational discourses which have developed to suit the gendered norms of ‘ideal workers’. These practices and discourses encourage long hours rather than working-hours choices. Extreme jobs extend the gendered division of labour and increase the separation of work and non-work spheres; they are a structure of gender inequality. This review suggests that future research should seek to identify alternative but business-neutral working practices which contest the extreme ‘nature’ of managerial and professional work, measure the social value of non-work activities and deepen our understanding of the personal and social significance of non-work identities other than motherhood, and disentangle situational motivation, work passion and workaholism as motives for devoting long hours to work so that impacts on well-being and productivity can be more clearly understood.",extreme jobs | gender | ideal workers | inequality | long work hours | managerial and professional work | occupational identity | work intensification,Organization,2015-07-11,Article,"Gascoigne, Charlotte;Parry, Emma;Buchanan, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033965977,10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00045-9,Mechanisms of speed-accuracy tradeoff: Evidence from covert motor processes,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) refers to the inverse relation between speed and accuracy found in many tasks. The present study employed reaction times (RTs) and movement-related brain potentials arising during the RT interval (lateralized readiness potentials; LRPs) to examine the mechanisms by which people control their position along an SAT continuum. Many models of SAT postulate that changes in position across conditions (macro-tradeoffs) and trial-by-trial variations within conditions (micro-tradeoffs) are mediated, at least in part, by the same mechanisms. These include: (1) all models that postulate mixtures of guesses and accurate responses and (2) some models postulating decision criterions applied to accumulating evidence or response tendencies. Such models would seem to be rejected for conditions under which macro- and micro-tradeoffs can be shown to involve no stages of RT in common. Under the present conditions, the two types of SAT produced additive effects on RT, with the macro-tradeoff involving only that portion of the RT interval occurring after LRP onset and the micro-tradeoff involving only that portion before LRP onset. These findings imply that the two types of SAT arose during different serial stages of RT and that the macro-tradeoff involved only stages occurring after differential preparation of the two hands had begun. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.",Lateralized readiness potentials | Macro-tradeoff | Micro-tradeoff | Reaction time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Biological Psychology,2000-01-01,Article,"Osman, Allen;Lou, Lianggang;Muller-Gethmann, Hiltraut;Rinkenauer, Gerhard;Mattes, Stefan;Ulrich, Rolf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033701429,,Obstacles and incentives in introducing RE research results into RE practice,"The obstacles that make it difficult to introduce requirements engineering (RE) research results into mainstream RE practice is time and the incentive that will necessitate that it does is money. The fact that requirements, are constantly changing and never complete, makes it difficult to take seriously much of the received wisdom of RE research.",,Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering,2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Siddiqi, Jawed",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85059636594,10.1287/orsc.2018.1215,Time pressure management as a compensatory strategy training after closed head injury,"The relationship between slack resources and innovation is complex, with the literature linking slack to both breakthrough innovations and resource misallocation. We reconcile these conflicting views by focusing on a novel mechanism: the role slack time plays in the endogenous allocation of time and effort to innovative projects. We develop a theoretical model that distinguishes between periods of high- (work weeks) versus low- (break weeks) opportunity costs of time. Low-opportunity cost time during break weeks may induce (1) lower quality ideas to be developed (a selection effect); (2) more effort to be applied for any given idea quality (an effort effect); and (3) an increase in the use of teams because scheduling is less constrained (a coordination effect). As a result, the effect of an increase in slack time on innovative outcomes is ambiguous, because the selection effect may induce more low-quality ideas, whereas the effort and coordination effect may lead to more high-quality, complex ideas. We test this framework using data on college breaks and on 165,410 Kickstarter projects across the United States. Consistent with our predictions, during university breaks, more projects are posted in the focal regions, and the increase is largest for projects of either very high or very low quality. Furthermore, projects posted during breaks are more complex, and involve larger teams with diverse skills. We discuss the implications for the design of policies on slack time.",Crowdfunding | Entrepreneurship | Internet | Low-opportunity cost time | Slack time | Teamwork,Organization Science,2019-10-01,Article,"Agrawal, Ajay;Catalini, Christian;Goldfarb, Avi;Luo, Hong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85041307106,10.1177/0149206315601184,Effects of time pressure and accountability to constituents on negotiation,"It has been over a decade since organizational researchers began seriously grappling with the phenomenon of multiteam systems (MTSs) as an organizational form spanning traditional team and organizational boundaries. The MTS concept has been met with great enthusiasm as an organizational form that solves both theoretical and practical challenges. However, the development of the MTS domain has been stifled by the absence of theory that clearly delineates the core dimensions influencing the interactions between the individuals and teams operating within them. We contribute to such theory building by creating a multidimensional framework that centers on two key structural features of MTSs—differentiation and dynamism—that create distinct forces affecting individual and team behavior within the system. Differentiation characterizes the degree of difference and separation between MTS component teams at a particular point in time, whereas dynamism describes the variability and instability of the system over time. For each dimension, we discuss the underlying subdimensions that explain how structural features generate boundary-enhancing and disruptive forces in MTSs. We then advance a mesolevel theory of MTS functioning that associates those forces with individuals’ needs and motives, which, in turn, compile upward to form team and MTS emergent states. Finally, we discuss coordination mechanisms that offset or compensate for the structural effects and serve to cohere the MTS component teams. The theoretical and practical implications of our work and an agenda for future research are then discussed.",coordination | framework | meso-theory | multiteam system | structure,Journal of Management,2018-03-01,Article,"Luciano, Margaret M.;DeChurch, Leslie A.;Mathieu, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84952047536,10.1109/EMS.2000.872568,Pre-emptive radical innovation: Building inter-departmental common knowledge in a short product development cycle,"In the context of radical innovation, the mutual understanding accrued through longitudinal inter-departmental interactions for continuous innovations can become obsolete. In order to maintain a high quality inter-departmental interface, firms have to rebuild interface common knowledge by acquiring and creating knowledge. It is not clear how such ""time pressure"" influences the firms' quest of critical knowledge for radical innovation. In this article, the authors describe radical innovation development in a long product development cycle as preventive innovation; radical product development in a compressed product development cycle is noted as pre-emptive innovation. This paper suggests that companies' choice between preventive or pre-emptive strategy may result in different approaches of common knowledge building in the context of radical innovation.",,"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society, EMS 2000",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ding, Hung Bin;Ravichandran, T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952035046,10.1111/j.1468-005X.2010.00255.x,Data collection on en route behaviour under ATIS,"A re-examination of Foucault's approach to power suggests the notion of 'loose time' as a theoretical construct and methodological strategy to examine the limits of power's reach in large bureaucratic organisations. Following analysis of interview data from a range of sectors, individual innovation and creativity are proposed as integral to understanding the distribution of power. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",,"New Technology, Work and Employment",2011-03-01,Article,"Glenday, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034112039,10.1027//0269-8803.14.2.69,Posterior and anterior contribution of hand-movement preparation to late CNV,"The late part of the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) is assumed to be a composite potential, reflecting both movement preparation and several other processes. To assess the contribution of hand-motor preparation to overall CNV, three S1-S2 experiments were performed. Replicating earlier results that have been interpreted as demonstrating hand-motor preparation, experiment 1 showed that CNV gets larger centro-parietally under speed instruction. Experiments 2 and 3 compared preparation for hand responses (key-press) to preparation for ocular responses (saccades) varying the effector system either between blocks (exp. 2) or between trials (exp. 3) and also comparing these preparation situations to no preparation (exp. 3). Hand-motor preparation was reflected in CNV getting larger fronto-centrally, with this topography being significantly different from the effect in experiment 1. Thus, two different kinds of motor preparation appear to be reflected by CNV. One kind may consist of assembling and maintaining the stimulus-response links appropriate to the expected S2 patterns, the other is for activating the hand-motor area. These two motor contributions to CNV might reflect the two aspects of the parieto-frontal motor system.",CNV | ERP | Hand movements | Partial cueing | Saccades | Time pressure,Journal of Psychophysiology,2000-01-01,Article,"Verleger, Rolf;Wauschkuhn, Bernd;Van Der Lubbe, Rob;Jaśkowski, Piotr;Trillenberg, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033963496,10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00037-X,"Error, stress and the role of neuromotor noise in space oriented behaviour","In this article both movement errors and successful movements are considered to be the product of varying ratios of muscle force signals and the composite of neuromotor noise in which the force signal is embedded. Based on earlier work we derived four propositions, which together form a theoretical framework for understanding the incidence of error in conditions of time pressure and mental load. These propositions are: (1) motor behaviour is an inherently stochastic and therefore noisy process; (2) biophysical, biomechanical and psychological factors all contribute to the level of neuromotor noise in a movement signal; (3) endpoint variability of movement is related to the signal-to-noise ratio of the forces which drive the moving limb to the target; and (4) optimal signal-to-noise ratios in motor output can be arrived at by adjusting limb stiffness. In an experiment with a graphical aiming task in which subjects made pen movements to targets varying in width and distance, we tested the prediction that time pressure and dual task load would influence error rates and movement noisiness, together resulting in biomechanical adaptations of pen pressure. The latter is seen as a manifestation of a biomechanical filtering strategy to cope with increased neuromotor noise levels. The results confirmed that especially under time pressure error rates and movement noise were enhanced, while pen pressure was higher in both conditions of stress. © 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.",Motor control | Movement error | Neuromotor noise | Stress | Time pressure,Biological Psychology,2000-01-01,Article,"Van Galen, Gerard P.;Van Huygevoort, Martijn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-19244368993,10.1023/A:1005123527913,The role of anticipated time pressure in activity scheduling,"In the present article we focus on the cost or disutility of engaging in activities arising from the time pressure people frequently experience when they have committed themselves to perform too many activities in a limited amount of time. Specifically, we propose that anticipated time pressure increases the likelihood of two types of planning, one short-term and the other long-term encompassing different strategies for eliminating or deferring activities. In addition, we discuss several behaviorally realistic such strategies. It is assumed that strategies differ depending on whether an activity satisfies physiological needs, is performed because of institutional requirements or social obligations, or is performed because of psychological or social motives. Strategies are also assumed to differ depending on the degree to which planning is feasible. Computer simulations of available activity data are presented to illustrate consequences of the different strategies on time pressure and activity agendas. In the present article we focus on the cost or disutility of engaging in activities arising from the time pressure people frequently experience when they have committed themselves to perform too many activities in a limited amount of time. Specifically, we propose that anticipated time pressure increases the likelihood of two types of planning, one short-term and the other long-term encompassing different strategies for eliminating or deferring activities. In addition, we discuss several behaviorally realistic such strategies. It is assumed that strategies differ depending on whether an activity satisfies physiological needs, is performed because of institutional requirements or social obligations, or is performed because of psychological or social motives. Strategies are also assumed to differ depending on the degree to which planning is feasible. Computer simulations of available activity data are presented to illustrate consequences of the different strategies on time pressure and activity agendas.",Activity scheduling | Computer simulation | Time pressure,Transportation,1999-12-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Gillholm, Robert;Montgomery, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033336633,,"Informed consent in distributed cognitive systems: the role of conflict type, time pressure, and trust","In this study, an attempt was made to examine conflict detection as a function of data link gating, time pressure, display design, and the nature of the conflict goal. Both performance outcome and process-tracing data were collected. In addition, the relationship between these measures and subjective ratings of trust was examined. Ratings of trust were collected following each scenario using methods adapted from Lee and Moray.",,AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference - Proceedings,1999-12-01,Conference Paper,"Olson, Wesley A.;Sarter, Nadine B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002432012,,Towards flexible multi-agent decision-making under time pressure,"To perform rational decision-making, autonomous agents need considerable computa-tional resources. In multi-agent settings, when other agents are present in the environment, these demands are even more severe. We investigate ways in which the agent's knowledge and the results of deliberative decision-making can be compiled to reduce the complexity of decision-making procedures and to save time in urgent situations. We use machine learning algorithms to compile decision-theoretic deliberations into condition-action rules on how to coordinate in a multi-agent environment. Using different learning algorithms, we endow a resource-bounded agent with a tapestry of decision making tools, ranging from purely reactive to fully deliberative ones. The agent can then select a method depending on the time constraints of the particular situation. We also propose combining the decision-making tools, so that, for example, more reactive methods serve as a pre-processing stage to the more accurate but slower deliberative decision-making ones. We validate our framework with experimental results in simulated coordinated defense. The experiments show that compiling the results of decision-making saves deliberation time while offering good performance in our multi-agent domain.",,IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,1999-12-01,Conference Paper,"Noh, Sanguk;Gmytrasiewicz, Piotr J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013426154,10.1007/s100320050031,Finding features used in the human reading of cursive handwriting,"This paper first summarizes a number of findings in the human reading of handwriting. A method is proposed to uncover more detailed information about geometrical features which human readers use in the reading of Western script. The results of an earlier experiment on the use of ascender/descender features were used for a second experiment aimed at more detailed features within words. A convenient experimental setup was developed, based on image enhancement by local mouse clicks under time pressure. The readers had to develop a cost-effective strategy to identify the letters in the word. Results revealed a left-to-right strategy in time, however, with extra attention to the initial, leftmost parts and the final, rightmost parts of words in a range of word lengths. The results confirm high hit rates on ascenders, descenders, crossings, and points of high curvature in the handwriting pattern. © 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Cursive handwriting | Features | Human reading | Perception,International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition,1999-12-01,Article,"Schomaker, Lambert;Segers, Eliane",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945476209,10.1111/peps.12093,Human factor issues associated with HUD-based hybrid landing systems: SEXTANT's experience,"As work in organizations becomes more fluid and fast paced the effective execution of tasks often requires people to be temporally adaptable in working with others. This paper brings to light the importance of understanding how people relate to time in the context of social interactions. By integrating the research on time and social motives, we develop a relational perspective about time. We introduce the construct of synchrony preference, an individual difference that describes a willingness to adapt one's pace and rhythm within social interactions for the purpose of creating synchrony with others. We develop a measure of synchrony preference that we validate using multiple methods across 4 studies and 7 samples, which include over 1,400 individuals. In particular, we establish a nomological network and show that synchrony preference predicts flexible pacing behaviors, interpersonal facilitation, contribution to team synchrony, contribution to team performance, and job dedication. Our results reveal that both scholars and practitioners can benefit from considering people's preference for synchrony when working with others.",,Personnel Psychology,2015-12-01,Article,"Leroy, Sophie;Shipp, Abbie J.;Blount, Sally;Licht, John Gabriel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247891699,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17017-5,Development of a model predictive controller for engine idle speed using cpower,"This chapter draws on recent literature in I/O psychology, management and sociology to posit a relationship between organizational structure and temporal structure and develops the construct of layered-task time. Layered-task time is similar to polychronic time (P-time) in the inclusion of simultaneous, multiple tasks but includes additional dimensions of fragmentation, contamination and constraint. The chapter links the development of this new time and its resultant time-sense to variation in the degree to which organizations are hierarchical and centralized and develops propositions about these relationships. The chapter contributes to the growing literature on workplace temporalities in the contemporary economy. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921485865,10.1080/10429247.2014.11432025,The effects of time pressure on arithmetic performance,"An interruption is a randomly occurring, discrete event that breaks the continuity of cognitive focus on a primary task and typically requires immediate attention and demands action. This article investigates the effect of the timing of an interruption and source on both demanding and non-demanding tasks. Time logs of daily work activities from 21 white collar workers were analyzed. The findings show that interruptions have a negative impact on worker performance when they occur at the middle or end of the current/primary task. In addition, results show that the majority of the interruptions were externally generated (78%) rather than internally generated. The more demanding the tasks that were interrupted, the greater the negative impact on the overall performance. Suggestions for reducing the impact of interruptions are also discussed.",Internal and external interruptions | Knowledge workers | Multitasking | White collar workers,EMJ - Engineering Management Journal,2014-12-01,Article,"Murray, Susan L.;Khan, Zafar",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69649091842,10.1109/CSCWD.2009.4968108,Group decision making: The effects of initial preferences and time pressure,"for the last 30 years, several empirical studies have been conducted to understand how software engineers work. However, during this period, many changes occurred in the context of software development: new communication technologies like instant messaging appeared as well as new quality models to evaluate the work being conducted. Despite this new context, much of the research in the collaborative aspects of software design is based on research that does not reflect these new aspects of work. Thus, a more up-to-date understanding of the nature of software engineering work-as a type of information work-is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to present the initial findings of an observational study to understand how software developers' time is distributed during their workday. The main results are related to aspects of collaboration observed in 55% of their time, information seeking consuming 31,90% of developers' time, and poor use of software process tools in 5% of the time observed. In particular, this last result is different from what one would expect and which has been previously been reported in the literature. © 2009 IEEE.",CSCW | Observational study | Software engineers,"Proceedings of the 2009 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2009",2009-09-08,Conference Paper,"Gonçalves, Márcio K.;De Souza, Cleidson R.B.;González, Victor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033275067,10.1024//1421-0185.58.3.151,When prior knowledge overrules new evidence: Adaptive use of decision strategies and the role of behavioral routines,"This paper focuses on behavioral routines in adaptive decision making. In an experiment consisting of two phases, participants worked on recurrent, multiattribute choice problems. In the first phase, routines were induced by relying upon the human ability to adapt to situational changes by changing decision strategies. To induce strategy change, time pressure was varied as a within factor. Payoffs were manipulated so that an adaptive change in strategy led participants to maximize choice frequency for one out of three options (routine acquisition). After a one week time lapse, participants worked on similar problems, containing the previously preferred routine option. In this second phase, payoffs favored deviation from the routine option. Results showed that choices were almost perfectly calibrated to payoffs under low time pressure. However, if time pressure increased, participants were more likely to prefer the routine option, even though search strategies were still used adaptively and evidence discouraged routine selection. Results are discussed with reference to the model of adaptive decision making (Payne, Bettman & Johnson, 1993), and the MODE model of attitude-behavior relation (Fazio, 1990).",Decision making | Decision strategies | Routines | Time pressure,Swiss Journal of Psychology,1999-01-01,Article,"Betsch, Tilmann;Brinkmann, Babette Julia;Fiedler, Klaus;Breining, Katja",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032863216,10.3758/BF03211564,Decision making under time pressure: An independent test of sequential sampling models,"Choice probability and choice response time data from a risk-taking decision-making task were compared with predictions made by a sequential sampling model. The behavioral data, consistent with the model, showed that participants were less likely to take an action as risk levels increased, and that time pressure did not have a uniform effect on choice probability. Under time pressure, participants were more conservative at the lower risk levels but were more prone to take risks at the higher levels of risk. This crossover interaction reflected a reduction of the threshold within a single decision strategy rather than a switching of decision strategies. Response time data, as predicted by the model, showed that participants took more time to make decisions at the moderate risk levels and that time pressure reduced response time across all risk levels, but particularly at the those risk levels that took longer time with no pressure. Finally, response time data were used to rule out the hypothesis that time pressure effects could be explained by a fast-guess strategy.",,Memory and Cognition,1999-01-01,Article,"Dror, Itiel E.;Busemeyer, Jerome R.;Basola, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033134618,10.1080/001401399185397,Auditory attention and multiattribute decision-making during a 33 h sleep-deprivation period: Mean performance and between-subject dispersions,"One purpose of this study was to compare attention in the evening (22:00 h), in the late night (04:00 h), in the morning (10:00 h) and in the afternoon (16:00 h) during a period of complete wakefulness beginning at 08:00 h with a mean daytime performance without sleep deprivation. Another purpose was to investigate sleep deprivation effects on a multi-attribute decision-making task with and without time pressure. Twelve sleep-deprived male students were compared with 12 male non-sleep-deprived students. Both groups were tested five times with an auditory attention and a symbol coding task. Significant declines (p < 0.05) in mean level of performance on the auditory attention task were found at 04:00, 10:00 and 16:00 h for subjects forced to the vigil. However, the effect of the sleep deprivation manifested itself even more in increased between-subject dispersions. There were no differences between time pressure and no time pressure on the decision-making task and no significant differences between sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived subjects in decision strategies. In fact, the pattern of decision strategies among the sleep-deprived subjects was more similar to a pattern of decision strategies typical for non-stressful conditions than the pattern of decision strategies among the non-sleep-deprived subjects. This result may have been due to the fact that the sleep loss acted as a dearouser. Here too, however, the variances differed significantly among sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived subjects, indicating that the sleep-deprived subjects were more variable in their decision strategy pattern than the control group. The auditory attention in the evening, in the late night, in the morning, and in the afternoon was compared during a period of complete wakefulness for 33 hours, to investigate the sleep deprivation effects on multi-attribute decision making. The pattern of decision strategies among the sleep-deprived subjects was more similar to a pattern of decision strategies typical of non-stressful conditions than the pattern of decision strategies among the non-sleep-deprived subjects. This may be due to the fact that the sleep loss acted as a dearouser. Sleep-deprived subjects were also found to be more variable in their decision making pattern.",Auditory attention | Individual differences | Sleep-deprivation | Time pressure and multiattribute decision-making,Ergonomics,1999-05-01,Article,"Linde, Lena;Edland, Anne;Bergström, Monica",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888093026,10.1108/S1479-3555(2013)0000011013,Reactions to congestion under time pressure,"The chapter summarizes existing conceptualizations of emotional regulation and extends existing organizational behavior literature that focuses on emotional labor by the introduction of two processes new to the literature: emotional contagion exchange (ECX) and emotional restorying of labor. More specifically, emotional restorying may allow employees to cope with emotional contagion by converting surface-level acting to deep-level acting, in ways which benefit both employees and organizations. In explaining this process, this chapter constructs a model of multiple interplaying processes. © 2013 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.",Emotional contagion exchange | Emotional labor | Restorying | Surface and deep-level acting,Research in Occupational Stress and Well Being,2013-11-27,Article,"Cast, Melissa L.;Rosile, Grace Ann;Boje, David M.;Saylors, Rohny",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941568674,10.1145/2751557,The effect of time pressure on consumer choice deferral,"Mobile social matching systems have the potential to transform the way we make new social ties, but only if we are able to overcome the many challenges that exist as to how systems can utilize contextual data to recommend interesting and relevant people to users and facilitate valuable encounters between strangers. This article outlines how context andmobility influence people's motivations tomeet new people and presents innovative design concepts for mediating mobile encounters through context-aware social matching systems. Findings from two studies are presented. The first, a survey study (n=117) explored the concept of contextual rarity of shared user attributes as a measure to improve desirability in mobile social matches. The second, an interview study (n = 58) explored people's motivations to meet others in various contexts. From these studies we derived a set of novel context-aware social matching concepts, including contextual sociability and familiarity as an indicator of opportune social context; contextual engagement as an indicator of opportune personal context; and contextual rarity, oddity, and activity partnering as an indicator of opportune relational context. The findings of these studies establish the importance of different contextual factors and frame the design space of context-aware social matching systems.",Context-aware social matching | Context-awareness | Introduction systems | Social discovery | Social recommender systems,ACM Transactions on Information Systems,2015-08-01,Article,"Mayer, Julia M.;Jones, Quentin;Hiltz, Starr Roxanne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002125818,10.1016/s0167-8116(98)00022-6,Visual attention during brand choice: The impact of time pressure and task motivation,"Measures derived from eye-movement data reveal that during brand choice consumers adapt to time pressure by accelerating the visual scanning sequence, by filtering information and by changing their scanning strategy. In addition, consumers with high task motivation filter brand information less and pictorial information more. Consumers under time pressure filter textual ingredient information more, and pictorial information less. The results of a conditional logit analysis reveal that the chosen brand receives significantly more intra-brand and inter-brand saccades and longer fixation durations than non-chosen brands, independent of time pressure and task motivation conditions. Implications for the theory of consumer attention and for pretesting of packaging and shelf lay-outs are discussed.",Brand choice | Eye-tracking | Visual attention,International Journal of Research in Marketing,1999-01-01,Article,"Pieters, Rik;Warlop, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032610067,10.1037/1076-8998.4.1.37,"Rushed, unhappy, and drained: an experience sampling study of relations between time pressure, perceived control, mood, and emotional exhaustion in a group of accountants.","Experience sampling methodology was used to examine how work demands translate into acute changes in affective response and thence into chronic response. Seven accountants reported their reactions 3 times a day for 4 weeks on pocket computers. Aggregated analysis showed that mood and emotional exhaustion fluctuated in parallel with time pressure over time. Disaggregated time-series analysis confirmed the direct impact of high-demand periods on the perception of control, time pressure, and mood and the indirect impact on emotional exhaustion. A curvilinear relationship between time pressure and emotional exhaustion was shown. The relationships between work demands and emotional exhaustion changed between high-demand periods and normal working periods. The results suggest that enhancing perceived control may alleviate the negative effects of time pressure.",,Journal of occupational health psychology,1999-01-01,Article,"Teuchmann, K.;Totterdell, P.;Parker, S. K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032669722,10.1145/291080.291094,Making systems sensitive to the user's time and working memory constraints,Recent advances in user modeling technology have brought within reach the goal of having systems adapt to temporary limitations of the user's available time and working memory capacity. We first summarize empirical research by ourselves and others that sheds light on the causes and consequences of these (continually changing) resource limitations. We then present a decision-theoretic approach that allows a system to assess a user's resource limitations and to adapt its behavior accordingly. This approach is illustrated with reference to the performance of the prototype assistance system READY.,,UIST (User Interface Software and Technology): Proceedings of the ACM Symposium,1999-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jameson, Anthony;Schaefer, Ralph;Weis, Thomas;Berthold, Andre;Weyrath, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751559428,10.1109/FIE.2010.5673616,Pioneering turbojet developments of Dr. Hans Von Ohain from the HeS 1 to the HeS 011,"Practicing engineers, engineering faculty and students all conceive engineering practice in terms of solitary technical work, typically calculations contributing to problem solving and design. Research based on extensive interviews and field observations in four countries demonstrates that engineering practice has many other aspects, particularly ones involving social interactions such as technical coordination, organizing people to supply services, procurement, training, review, and checking. Many engineers regard these aspects as subordinate: not 'real engineering'. Therefore it comes as no surprise that students resist being taught the social and professional skills they need for effective practice. The same research also shows that many aspects of engineering practice are closely related to teaching, particularly technical coordination and training. This creates an interesting opportunity to improve engineering education. If students learn effective teaching skills, first they will acquire social skills that will enable them to be more effective engineers, second they will learn the 'real technical stuff' better, and third they will amplify the total teaching effort available within a given engineering school, further improving overall learning outcomes. This paper offers practical suggestions for implementing such a strategy. © 2010 IEEE.",Communication | Cooperative learning | Engineering education | Engineering practice | Pedagogy,"Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Trevelyan, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012898560,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753667,"Life-cycle squeeze, time pressure, daily stress, and leisure participation: A Canadian perspective","This article addresses two corollary issues, namely, the relationship between life-cycle and chronic stress, and the effects of leisure participation on stress and health, controlled for life-cycle situation. Arguments have been made that levels of time pressure and perceived stress have risen in modern societies, but that these increases are unevenly distributed among different social demographic groups, in particular groups positioned at different stages of the life-course (Wilensky; 1981; Zuzanek, Robinson and Iwasaki, 1998). It has been also suggested that active life-styles, in particular participation in leisure activities, may serve as an effective tool for moderating negative health effects of stress. In the following analyses these two propositions are put to an empirical test. Data on stress, time pressure, health, and leisure participation, collected as part of the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey (n = 17,626), and the 1992 General Social (Time-Use) Survey (n = 9,815) are examined in an attempt to: (a) identify life-cycle groups most exposed to chronic and personal stress; (b) establish the relationship between daily stresses and time pressure; (c) assess the effects of participation in physically active leisure on respondents' stress levels and mental and physical health; and (d) determine how the relationships between life cycle, time pressure, daily stress, health, and leisure participation are affected by gender. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Zuzanek, Jiri;Mannell, Roger",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0347028535,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753664,Time pressure and human agency in home-based employment,"This paper is a logical and empirical extension of recent research on behavioural outcomes of home-based work (Michelson, 1996, 1997, 1998; Michelson, Palm Linden & Wikstrom, 1998). Issues of time pressure and human agency arose with respect to home-based work previously but were not examined in any detail. This article examines how human agency (as measured by the enjoyment of different types and contexts of daily activities) contributes to the understanding of the interface among home-based work, everyday use of time, and subjective sense of time pressure. The article describes an empirical approach which facilitates analysis of these phenomena, and presents some pertinent findings based on the analysis of data from the 1992 Canadian General Social (Time Use) Survey. Time budget respondents in paid employment were divided into conventional and home-based workers, the latter being divided into intensive and extensive categories, depending on the number of hours of home-based work. The attitudes of these three groups towards home-based work were compared using a number of criteria, including a ""time-crunch"" index, an index of time pressure, and responses on most enjoyed activities. It is concluded that some aspects of home-based work do in fact reflect human agency, but the impact of the latter is different for men and women. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Michelson, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031613947,10.3233/978-1-60750-892-2-124,Age-related effects on cognitive processes: Application to decision-making under uncertainty and time pressure,,,Studies in Health Technology and Informatics,1998-01-01,Conference Paper,"Delorme, Delphine;Marin-Lamellet, Claude",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002926372,10.1037/1076-898X.4.1.16,Evaluating individual differences in response to time-pressure situations,"The ability to make decisions within a few seconds to a couple of minutes is the hallmark of many applied situations ranging from air traffic control to stock market trading. The 5 studies reported here explore the hypothesis that there are abstract psychological demands common to many rapid decision-making situations. The authors suggest that these characteristics can be used to identify people who are good rapid decision makers. People were trained to operate computer simulations of the job skills involved in air traffic control and 2 aspects of public safety dispatch. Although these tasks are very different on the surface, they all require decision making under time pressure. Performance was successfully predicted from performance on an abstract decision-making task.",,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,1998-01-01,Article,"Joslyn, Susan;Hunt, Earl",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0009508913,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753666,Time pressure as a stress factor,"Time pressure, increasing, pace of work, stress and ""burnout"" are the most apparent changes to have taken place in working conditions in Finland in recent years. The situation poses questions like: Should claims about stress and time pressure be taken seriously and should more research be directed to these problems? One of the reasons why time pressure has not been researched properly is that the Scandinavian tradition in stress research, emphasising the organisational and management impacts on stressful time pressure, is losing influence. Researchers study how individuals could adapt to ever increasing tirpe pressure: they do not ask what causes the pressure and how it could be avoided. The Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys, carried out in 1977, 1984, 1990 and 1997, have shown clear connection between growing demand for productivity, shortages of personnel, and increased time pressure. Psycho-social consequences are clear: social conflicts in workplaces and stress symptoms among employees. Both the results from the surveys, and qualitative interviews show that women and men relate differently to time pressure, stress, and work in general. This difference should be taken into account when researching links between work orientation, management strategies, and the stressfulness of work. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Lehto, Anna Maija",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0344408855,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753658,Time pressure in modern Germany,"This article examines the issue of time pressure from a historical, theoretical, and policy perspective. It is divided into five sections. In the Introduction, the author outlines the significance of time pressure as a ""social problem"". The second section examines Georg Simmel' s analyses of the effects of money on the acceleration of social life in modem societies, and relates these analyses to current research in the area of time study. In the third section, three current social trends contributing to time pressure are examined, namely: (a) compression of time as a function of lifecycle, work, and consumption; (b) new household time requirements; and (c) effects of time ""economisation"", that is buying time for money, on social exclusion. The fourth section examines time-use and time pressure trends among employed Western Germans from the 1960s to the 1990s, using time-diary data from the author's 1991192 and other time-use surveys. Included in this section is an analysis of social demographic and life cycle differences in time-use. The concluding section contains a comparison of German time-use trends with those of other OECD nations and a brief discussion of the time policy implications of the observed trends. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Garhammer, Manfred",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959205581,10.1287/isre.2015.0578,Organizational resource management to achieve advances in aviation safety,"When an enterprise system is introduced, system users often experience a performance dip as they struggle with the unfamiliar system. Appropriately managing this phase, which we term as the swift response phase (SRP), is vital given its prominent impact on the eventual success of the system. Yet, there is a glaring lack of studies that examine the SRP. Drawing on sensemaking theory and early postadoptive literature, this study seeks to propose a theory-driven model to understand how different support structures facilitate different forms of use-related activities to induce a positive performance in the SRP. The model was tested through a two-stage survey involving 329 nurses. The results demonstrated the discriminating alignment between information system (IS) use-related activity and support structures in enhancing system users' work performance in the SRP. Specifically, suitability of impersonal support moderated the effects of standardized system use and individual adaption on performance, whereas availability of personal support only moderated the effect of nonstandardized system use on performance. For moderating role of personal support, IS specialists support had a lower influence than peer-champion support and peer-user support. This study contributes to the extant literature by (1) conceptualizing the turbulent SRP, (2) applying sensemaking theory to the initial postadoptive stage, (3) adding to the theoretical debate on the value of system use, and (4) unveiling the distinct roles of support structures under different types of use activities. Practical suggestions are provided for organizational management and policy makers to deal with the complexities in the SRP.",Early system success | Sensemaking in organization | Shakedown phase | Support structure | Swift response phase | System use,Information Systems Research,2015-01-01,Article,"Tong, Yu;Tan, Sharon Swee Lin;Teo, Hock Hai",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889483020,10.4324/9781410611895,"Is there a connection between car accidents, near accidents, and type A drivers?",,,Emotions in Organizational Behavior,2010-12-10,Book Chapter,"Härtel, Charmine E.J.;Ashkanasy, Neal M.;Zerbe, Wilfred J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870967595,10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(1998110)28:6<861::AID-EJSP899>3.0.CO;2-D,Behavioral routines in decision making: The effects of novelty in task presentation and time pressure on routine maintenance and deviation,"Knowledge workers whose employers allow them the freedom to access organizational resources from outside the premises, and/or outside normal working hours, are able to reach a new equilibrium in the balance between work and life. This research uses narrative method to obtain stories from a number of such knowledge workers in New Zealand, and observes how the participants make sense of the choices open to them, and reach decisions about them The research finds that despite expressed resentments, such people have tended to move the equilibrium in ways that accommodate more work. Implications of this research are that despite the short term productivity gains, organizations would do well to ensure that these well motivated staff are managed for their long term well being and continued contribution to the organization.",Autonomy | Knowledge workers | Mobility | Sensemaking | Technology,ICIS 2008 Proceedings - Twenty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harmer, Brian;Pauleen, David J.;Schroeder, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85046510604,10.1177/2158244015583859,The effects of time pressure and completeness of information on decision making,"Mobile technologies have facilitated a radical shift in work and private life. In this article, we seek to better understand how individual mobile technology users have made sense of these changes and adapted to them. We have used narrative enquiry and sensemaking to collect and analyze the data. The findings show that mobile technology use blurs the boundaries between work and private life, making traditional time and place distinctions less relevant. Furthermore, work and private life can be integrated in ways that may be either competitive or complementary. We also observed an effect rarely discussed in the literature—the way personal and professional aspirations affect how work and private life are integrated. Implications include the need for researchers and organizations to understand the wider consequences that arise from the integration of work and private life roles.",mobile technology | narrative enquiry | sensemaking | work–life balance | work–life integration,SAGE Open,2015-06-19,Article,"Pauleen, David;Campbell, John;Harmer, Brian;Intezari, Ali",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749126212,10.1109/HICSS.2007.66,Strategic adaptations to lack of preview in driving,"Interruptions are a central characteristic of work in critical environments such as hospitals, airlines, and security agencies. Often, interruptions occur as notifications of some event or circumstance that requires attention. Notifications may be delivered actively as disruptions requiring immediate attention, or passively as unobtrusive background messages. This research hypothesizes that the way notifications are delivered can have an impact on how work unfolds over time, which in turn can affect performance. Based on theories of interruption and observations in an actual operating room, a computer-based role-playing game simulating the scheduling of surgeries in an operating room unit was developed. An experiment was conducted using the game to examine the effects of different types of notification delivery on work trajectories and performance. Results indicate that the way notifications are delivered can indeed influence work trajectories and, consequently, performance. © 2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Weisband, Suzanne P.;Fadel, Kelly J.;Mattarelli, Elisa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032115693,10.1080/014492998119409,The effect of time pressure on expert system based training for emergency management,"In many emergency situations, human operators are required to derive countermeasures based on contingency rules whilst under time pressure. In order to contribute to the human success in playing such a role, the present study intends to examine the effectiveness of using expert systems to train for the time-constrained decision domain. Emergency management of chemical spills was selected to exemplify the rule-based decision task. An Expert System in this domain was developed to serve as the training tool. Forty subjects participated in an experiment in which a computerized information board was used to capture subjects' rule-based performance under the manipulation of time pressure and training. The experiment results indicate that people adapt to time pressure by accelerating their processing of rules where the heuristic of cognitive availability was employed. The simplifying strategy was found to be the source of human error that resulted in undesired decision performance. The results also show that the decision behaviour of individuals who undergo the expert system training is directed to a normative and expeditious pattern, which leads to an improved level of decision accuracy. Implications of these findings are examined in the present study. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",,Behaviour and Information Technology,1998-01-01,Article,"Lin, Dyi Yih M.;Su, Yuan Liang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032042976,10.1037/1076-8998.3.2.109,"Bussy business: how urban bus drivers cope with time pressure, passengers, and traffic safety.","Adhering to the schedule, providing service to passengers, and driving safely are among the most important psychosocial demands of the bus driver's job. The ways bus drivers cope with these varying and conflicting demands are addressed in this article, which uses data from 4 interrelated studies. In a large-scale questionnaire study (Study 1), behavioral styles in coping with these psychosocial demands were identified. Next, in Studies 2 and 3, the relations of these styles with well-being and health status were examined. Study 4 addressed the coping process during work itself by examining the relations among objective workload indicators, perceived effort, and psychophysiological stress reactions during work.",,Journal of occupational health psychology,1998-01-01,Article,"Meijman, T. F.;Kompier, M. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927633675,10.1111/soc4.12200,Type A behavior intervention in primary health care reduces hostility and time pressure: A study in Sweden,"This paper reviews literature on employment insecurity and situates objective and subjective employment insecurity in the context of the contemporary economy. I draw on the argument about shifting social contracts to explain both real and perceived pervasive employment insecurity and the frayed American Dream. Employment insecurity derives from the macro-economic changes that produced the social structure of accumulation identified as flexible accumulation that requires employment insecurity as both a form of labor discipline and profit-enhancing strategy. This paper argues that contemporary employment insecurity is both objective and subjective and affects how individuals understand their world and their selves. To this latter point, I look at research on generational differences in the experience of employment insecurity.",,Sociology Compass,2014-09-01,Article,"Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870386418,,Using aggregated data under time pressure: A mechanism for coping with information overload,"Dispersion in working teams has been addressed by earlier research mostly in terms of the physical distance that separated team members. In more recent work, however, the focus has been shifting towards understanding the influence of a newer construct: that of temporal dispersion (TD). The study of TD is so far constrained mostly to conceptual work, and the study of its association with distributed team performance is lacking. This paper attempts to explore that void by empirically investigating how TD relates to the team's productivity. Suitable hypotheses are developed based on coordination theory, and the analyses are performed on data collected from multiple archival sources comprising 100 open source software development distributed teams. The test of hypotheses is carried out using objective, non perceptual measures. Regression analysis is used to detect significant associations. Results show that temporal coverage is positively associated with productivity, and that the project's complexity moderates the relation between productivity and TD.",Coordination theory | Distributed teams | Open source software | Temporal dispersion,"14th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Colazo, Jorge A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032388011,10.1108/eb022805,The impact of time pressure in negotiation: A meta-analysis,"In negotiation, pressures to reach an agreement are assumed to influence both the processes and the outcomes of the discussions. This paper meta-analytically combined different forms of time pressure to examine its effects on negotiator strategy and impasse rate. High time pressure was more likely to increase negotiator concessions and cooperation than low pressure as well as make agreements more likely. The effect on negotiator strategy, however, was stronger when the deadline was near or when negotiations were simple rather than complex. The effects were weaker when the opponent was inflexible and using a tough negotiation strategy. The effects on cooperative strategies were weaker when incentives for good performance were available than when they were not. Although time pressure in negotiation has significant effects, situational factors play a major role on its impact.",,International Journal of Conflict Management,1998-01-01,Article,"Stuhlmacher, Alice F.;Gillespie, Treena L.;Champagne, Matthew V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875959991,10.1016/j.hitech.2013.02.002,The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on adolescent cognitive processing: A speed-accuracy tradeoff,"An exploratory study of 2308 R&D professionals working for U.S. based laboratories belonging to 24 large corporations finds inverted-U relationships between the technical, administrative and total hours R&D professionals work per week and the extent they innovate and help manage the innovation process. These relationships suggest that R&D professionals can increase the extent they accomplish these performance objectives by working up to an optimal number of weekly hours and by combining technical hours with up to an optimal number of administrative hours. When R&D professionals work 60 weekly hours by combining 50 technical hours with 10 administrative hours, they maximize the extent they innovate. When R&D professionals work 60 weekly hours by combining 35 technical hours with 25 administrative hours, they maximize the extent they help manage the innovation process. The implications of these findings for having R&D professionals increase the extent they accomplish these performance objectives and, therefore, develop their careers, are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Individual effort | Innovation and individual effort | Managing innovation | R&D performance | Time management,Journal of High Technology Management Research,2013-04-15,Article,"Cordero, Rene;Farris, George F.;Ditomaso, Nancy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000876606,10.1177/014920639702300204,Temporal pacing in task forces: Group development or deadline pressure?,"Research on the punctuated equilibrium model of group development confounded group life span with member task completion. We report two studies that separate task pacing from life span development. In one, 50 students simultaneously performed group and individual projects. In the second, student groups worked on two tasks sequentially. Results indicate that the temporal pattern postulated in the punctuated equilibrium model reflects task pacing under a deadline, rather than the process of group development. © 1997 JAI Press Inc. 0149-2063.",,Journal of Management,1997-01-01,Article,"Seers, Anson;Woodruff, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031389435,,The effects of time pressure on decision making: How harassed managers cope,,,IEE Colloquium (Digest),1997-12-01,Article,"Maule, A. John;Andrade, Isabel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,Decision making under time pressure: An investigation of decision speed and decision quality of computer-supported groups,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3943106876,,"Problems concerning study time vs. problems concerning study effectiveness: Time pressure dependency, psychological status and subject evaluations [Arbeitszeitprobleme vs. arbeitseffektivitätsprobleme im studium: Abhängigkeit von termindruck, psychologischer stellenwert und einstufung durch die betroffenen]","In various studies, problems concerning study time (spending less time studying than intended) and study effectiveness (making less use of the time spent studying than intended) were compared with each other. The results show: (a) Problems concerning study time are more dependent on time pressure than problems concerning study effectiveness: They are less generalized and decrease more with increasing time pressure. (b) Problems concerning study time are associated with less aspiration for high level of competence and achievement and insufficient use of selfmanagement-strategies. In contrast, problems with study effectiveness are associated with performance anxiety and self-doubt. (c) Only problems concerning study effectiveness are related to the general impression of not succeeding with autonomous learning, and to the corresponding perceived need for advice. Problems concerning study time, therefore, appear not only to reflect «motivational deficits» (less aspiration for high level of competence and achievement), rather also have «motivational deficits» as consequences (no experiencing of problems and no perceived need for advice).",,Zeitschrift fur Padagogische Psychologie,1997-12-01,Review,"Holz-Ebeling, Friederike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031380222,,Proceedings of the 1997 IEE Colloquium on Decision Making and Problem Solving,The proceedings contains 11 papers from the 1997 IEE Colloquium on Decision Making and Problem Solving. Topics discussed include: quick thinking and naturalistic decision making (NDM); decision making on the flight deck; effects of time pressure on decision making; sustainable decision making; decision support systems; co-operative problems solving; argumentation; and opinion profiling.,,IEE Colloquium (Digest),1997-12-01,Conference Review,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85088768454,10.14236/ewic/hci2013.29,The effect of reasoning logics on real-time decision making,"Many people are overloaded by the amount of email they receive. Because of this, a considerable amount of time can be spent every day managing one's inbox. Previous work has shown that people adopt different strategies for managing their inbox. However, there has been little work examining how the choice of email management strategy impacts the total time that one gives to email activities each day. In the current study seven academics spent one week trying out different email management strategies: either a once-a-day strategy or a frequent strategy. Data on the amount of time spent managing email and subjective feelings towards each strategy were gathered. Results suggest that a once a day email management strategy may be effective in reducing the total time spent dealing with email.",Email overload | Email strategies | Personal informatics | Work-life balance,HCI 2013 - 27th International British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Conference: The Internet of Things,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Bradley, Adam;Brumby, Duncan P.;Cox, Anna L.;Bird, Jon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031440442,,Optimal definition of daytime and night-time blood pressure,"Objective. To review and categorize methods to define daytime and night-time blood pressures and to propose an optimal definition. Methods. The methods can be divided into clock-time-independent and clock-time-dependent methods and, in addition, into wide methods, which use all pressure measurements for the entire 24 h period, and narrow methods, which exclude some of the measurements. Results. The asleep and awake blood pressures, mostly defined as the in-bed and out-of-bed blood pressures, can be considered the optimum standard. Wide (square-wave fitting) and narrow (cumulative-sum analysis) clock-time-independent methods perform well with most subjects, but are problematic with reverse dippers because they identify periods of high and low blood pressure in these subjects that do not coincide with the day and the night. The results from fixed-time methods deviate from the awake and asleep blood pressures when the predefined times do not coincide with the times subjects go to bed and arise; this is less of a problem for the narrow methods, in which data from morning and evening transition periods are discarded, than it is for the rigid time schedules of the wide methods. Reproducibilities of the various methods are roughly similar. Conclusion. We suggest that the optimal definition of daytime and night-time blood pressure is provided by the narrow clock-time-dependent method, in which data from morning and evening transition periods are excluded, because it is simple, reasonably accurate and reproducible and can be applied without disruption of the living habits of most subjects.",Ambulatory blood pressure | Daytime pressure | Night-time pressure,Blood Pressure Monitoring,1997-12-01,Article,"Fagard, Robert H.;Staessen, Jan A.;Thijs, Lutgarde",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031502760,10.2307/2491361,The influence of time pressure and accountability on auditors' processing of nondiagnostic information,,,Journal of Accounting Research,1997-01-01,Article,"Glover, Steven M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928309523,10.1108/JKM-06-2014-0234,Decisions under time pressure: How time constraint affects risky decision making,"Purpose - This paper examines co-location as an important solution to design workspaces in research and development (R&D). It argues that co-locating R&D units in multi-space environments serves knowledge creation by leveraging knowledge sharing across boundaries. Design/methodology/approach - This study is based on a co-location project of the knowledge-intensive, multi-national company Novartis. To compare communication and collaboration patterns, we interviewed and observed employees before and after co-location into the “co-location pilot” and investigated a control group that was not co-located. The use of data and method triangulation as a research approach underlines the inherent dynamics of the co-location in this study. Findings - The study suggests findings leveraging knowledge sharing in two different ways. Co-location of dispersed project team members increases unplanned face-to-face communication leading to faster and more precise flows of knowledge by transcending knowledge boundaries. Co-location to an open multi-space environment stimulates knowledge creation by enabling socialization, externalization and combination of knowledge. Practical implications - This study provides managerial implications for implementing co-location to achieve greater knowledge sharing across functions. The design of the work environment provides the framework for successful co-location. Originality/value - This paper reports the findings of an empirical case study conducted within the “co-location pilot” of the pharmaceutical company Novartis. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the phenomena on a qualitative and micro-level.",Co-location | Knowledge-sharing | Pharmaceutical industry | Research and development | Workspace design,Journal of Knowledge Management,2015-04-07,Article,"Coradi, Annina;Heinzen, Mareike;Boutellier, Roman",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031191741,,Matching fluid dispensers to materials for electronics applications,"The technologies that form the foundation for all of the most popular dispensers used in electronics assembly are described. A myriad of manufacturers building dispensing pumps and valves, many designs have had subtle additions and enhancements that have created virtual technology hybrids of dispensing pump technology. To add even more choices, there are many non-contact devices available such as jet dispensers, spray dispensers, and pin-transfer technology.",,Electronic Packaging and Production,1997-07-01,Article,"Bush, Royal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031062189,10.1287/mnsc.43.2.217,Organizational response: The cost performance tradeoff,"Organizations constantly face a dynamic environment where they must respond both quickly and accurately in order to survive. In this paper, we examine the issue: do organizations need to employ costly designs in order to exhibit high performance in a dynamic situation. In the context of a computational framework we derive a set of logically consistent propositions about the inter-relationship among task, opportunities for review, training, and cost and their relative impact on organizational performance. Our analyses indicate that complex organizational designs have drawbacks and design is often not the dominant factor affecting performance. The relationship between organizational complexity (hence cost) and performance is complex and depends on the level of time pressure, training, and the task environment. Within the context of the computational framework, we find that the benefits of re-thinking decisions and of matching the organizational design to the task environment are questionable. Further, these results suggest that applying scarce resources to mitigate the adverse impact of time pressure may have more impact on performance than using those resources to support a more complex organizational design.",Cost | Decision Making Accuracy | Opportunity for Review | Organizational Design | Simulation | Task Environment | Time Pressure | Training,Management Science,1997-01-01,Article,"Lin, Zhiang;Carley, Kathleen M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255191068,10.1109/ICSC.2011.12,The effects of time pressure and task differences on influence modes and accuracy in decision-making groups,"Our research addresses the question as to whether automatically collected quantitative data about people's behavior online can be analyzed to spot patterns that indicate behaviors of interest. Based on ethnographic studies, we find that people, going about their routine work, exhibit patterns in terms of their routine online activities and work rhythms. Such patterns can be comprised of many diverse types of events occurring over arbitrary durations. For example, they might include timing, duration and frequency of particular uses of hardware and software resources, manipulations of content, communication acts and so on. We use ethnography to identify and target significant patterns and computer logging to collect data on computer events that can be analyzed to find reliable correlates of those patterns. In this paper we discuss our methods and their potential for the development of novel types of applications that can identify normal activities and also spot telltale or deviant patterns. Such applications could be useful to users directly by providing helpful resources and content automatically or to the enterprise in general by automatically detecting performance problems, deleterious behaviors, or malicious activities. © 2011 IEEE.",Ethnography | Human activity detection | Human behavior semantics | Routine activity patterns,"Proceedings - 5th IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, ICSC 2011",2011-11-21,Conference Paper,"Brdiczka, Oliver;Bellotti, Victoria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031591158,,Work environment--increasing work in spite of a lot of time pressure. Interview by Kirsten Bjørnsson. [Arbejdsmiliø--udviklende arbejde trods stort tidspres.],,,Sygeplejersken,1997-01-01,Article,"Christensen, K. S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950500693,10.1145/1329112.1329114,Self-reports about performance under time pressure: Bias and discriminability,"Interruption management research has focused on identifying the costs of cognitive and social intrusion, largely without considering either who the interruption is from or what the interruption is about. The framework outlined in this paper addresses this issue, proposing a systematic investigation of how such rich contextual knowledge (who/what) can alter people's decision to be interrupted. The first study on interruption management practices in everyday cell phone use demonstrates that the knowledge of ""who"" is calling is used in deliberate call handling decisions 77.8% of the time (N=880) and that effective call handling decisions rules cannot be derived solely from an interruptee's local social and cognitive context. Two further studies are outlined that will inform the design of interruption management tools for communication media. Copyright 2007 ACM.",Availability | Communication | Interruption | Mobile | Phones,Group '07 Doctoral Consortium Papers,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Grandhi, Sukeshini A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5944237326,,Computer automation eases just in time pressures,,,Paperboard Packaging,1996-12-01,Article,"Silberhorn, Michael C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864250246,10.1109/CSCWD.2012.6221807,The influence of time pressure on the selection of mediation strategies [La influencia de la presión temporal en la elección de estrategias de mediación],"Even though there exists a number of search solutions targetted at software engineers the literature suggests that they are not widely used by the people engaged in code delivery [26]. Moreover, current code focused information retrieval systems such as Google Code Search (discontinued), Codeplex or Koders produce results based on specific keywords and therefore they do not take into account user context such as location, browsing history, previous interaction patterns and domain expertise. In this paper we discuss the development of task-specific information retrieval systems for software engineers. We discuss how software engineers interact with information and information retrieval systems and investigate to what extent a domain-specific search and recommendation system can be developed in order to support their work related activities. We have conducted a user study: a questionnaire and an automated observation of user interactions with the browser and software development environment. We discuss factors that can be used as implicit feedback indicators for further collaborative filtering and discuss how these parameters can be analysed using Computational Intelligence based techniques. © 2012 IEEE.",copy and paste | information seeking behaviour | Personalised information retrieval | pseudo-relevance | retention actions | software development,"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2012",2012-07-30,Conference Paper,"Iqbal, Rahat;Grzywaczewski, Adam;James, Anne;Doctor, Faiyaz;Halloran, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84977480539,10.1177/0730888416642599,Mitigation of interpersonal conflicts: Politeness and time pressure,"How do contract professionals seek to control their working time? Here, the authors identify boundary work strategies through which contractors—both shift workers and project workers—maintain distinctions from employees with standard jobs. Drawing from interviews with contractors in three occupations, the authors identify sources of leverage for control of working time in payment systems, outsider status, and occupational networks. These structures allow contractors to reinforce boundaries between contract and standard employment and resist the overtime and overwork associated with standard jobs. Boundary work between contingent workers and employees may therefore generate inequalities of control, with implications for workers, managers, and organizations.",boundary work | contract work | freelance workers | nonstandard employment | working time,Work and Occupations,2016-08-01,Article,"Osnowitz, Debra;Henson, Kevin D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84948968422,10.1177/0961463X14563018,Psychological time: The case of time and consumer behaviour,"This article describes the transformations of work-discipline and time in a large Romanian state bank privatized to a European bank in the early 2000s. Building on ethnographies of skilled service workers’ experience of time, I describe the sudden process of disciplining the post-socialist workforce and the instilling of a new sense of daily routine. Based on data collected from middle managers, human resources personnel and socialist-era employees, I describe the post-privatization transformations of time and work. These include a sharper separation of work and life, greater standardization of time-keeping, individualization of work space, colonization of personal time by organizational time, and the dumping of personal plans into an indefinite future. The mixture of perpetual, high-paced present and a diffuse “long-term” future where meaningful plans and self-promises are located might be called “fantasy time.”",banking | corporate culture | Eastern Europe | management | post-socialism | Romania | service sector | Work-life balance,Time and Society,2015-11-01,Article,"Chelcea, Liviu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029814462,10.1080/00222895.1996.9941747,Response timing accuracy as a function of movement velocity and distance,"In two experiments, patterns of response error during a timing accuracy task were investigated. In Experiment 1. these patterns were examined across a full range of movement velocities, which provided a test of the hypothesis that as movement velocity increases, constant error (CE) shifts from a negative to a positive response bias, with the zero CE point occurring at approximately 50% of maximum movement velocity (Hancock & Newell, 1985). Additionally, by examining variable error (VE), timing error variability patterns over a full range of movement velocities were established. Subjects (N = 6) performed a series of forearm flexion movements requiring 19 different movement velocities. Results corroborated previous observations that variability of timing error primarily decreased as movement velocity increased from 6 to 42% of maximum velocity. Additionally, CE data across the velocity spectrum did not support the proposed timing error function. In Experiment 2, the effect(s) of responding at 3 movement distances with 6 movement velocities on response timing error were investigated. VE was significantly lower for the 3 high-velocity movements than for the 3 low-velocity movements. Additionally, when MT was mathematically factored out. VE was less at the long movement distance than at the short distance. As in Experiment 1, CE was unaffected by distance or velocity effects and the predicted CE timing error function was not evident. © 1996 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Timing accuracy,Journal of Motor Behavior,1996-01-01,Article,"Jasiewicz, Jan;Simmons, Roger W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856889700,10.1109/WI-IAT.2009.129,A survey of time budget pressure and irregular auditing practices among newly qualified UK chartered accountants,"We present some methodological lessons and thoughts inferred from a research we are making on a simulation of the Rungis Wholesale Market (in France) using cognitive agents. The implication of using cognitive agents with an objective of realism at the individual level question some of the classical methodological assertions about simulations. Three such lessons are of particular interest: the calibration and validation focus on individuals rather than global values (1); the definition of the simulation model is made independently from the research objectives (2), and without targeting the usual objective of hypothesis simplicity (3). © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, IAT 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Caillou, Philippe;Curchod, Corentin;Baptista, Tiago",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030533774,10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.228,Effects of interpersonal trust and time pressure on managerial mediation strategy in a simulated organizational dispute,"Participants in a laboratory experiment (N = 79) role-played managers mediating a dispute between 2 peers. Building on previous research (e.g., P. J. Carnevale & D. E. Conlon, 1988) and theory (e.g., D. G. Pruitt, 1981), a 2 × 3 factorial design varied time pressure on the mediators (high vs. low time pressure) and trust exhibited between 2 preprogrammed disputants (high trust vs. low trust vs. a no-message control group). Participants could choose from messages exhibiting P. J. Carnevale's (1986) Strategic Choice Model of Conflict Mediation (inaction, pressing, compensating, or integrating), as well as rapport-building messages from K. Kressel's (1972) ""reflexive"" strategy. Results suggested that high time pressure increased the mediators' use of pressing messages and decreased the use of inaction messages. Participants also sent more reflexive messages when trust was low. Results are discussed in terms of mediation and conflict management theory.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1996-01-01,Article,"Ross, William H.;Wieland, Carole",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030175211,10.1518/001872096779048101,Effects of workload and structure on team processes and performance: Implications for complex team decision making,"Because the naturalistic team decision-making environment is highly complex, there is a need to investigate the performance and process effects of variables that characterize such operational environments. We investigated the effects of team structure and two components of workload (time pressure and resource demand) on team performance and communication over time. Results of the study indicated that time pressure significantly degraded performance relative to resource demand and baseline workload conditions. Although teams exposed to resource demand did not exhibit degraded performance, these teams engaged in fewer statements concerning the availability of team resources than did teams in the other two workload conditions. Results regarding performance and communication changes over time indicated that training interventions might be most effective when imposed during the initial stages of a team's development. We discuss the results in the context of implications for complex decision-making teams. Because the naturalistic team decision-making environment is highly complex, there is a need to investigate the performance and process effects of variables that characterize such operational environments. We investigated the effects of team structure and two components of workload (time pressure and resource demand) on team performance and communication over time. Results of the study indicated that time pressure significantly degraded performance relative to resource demand and baseline workload conditions. Although teams exposed to resource demand did not exhibit degraded performance, these teams engaged in fewer statements concerning the availability of team resources than did teams in the other two workload conditions. Results regarding performance and communication changes over time indicated that training interventions might be most effective when imposed during the initial stages of a team's development. We discuss the results in the context of implications for complex decision-making teams.",,Human Factors,1996-06-01,Article,"Urban, Julie M.;Weaver, Jeanne L.;Bowers, Clint A.;Rhodenizer, Lori",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952586519,10.1145/1940761.1940804,When time is money: Decision behavior under opportunity-cost time pressure,"Due to technological advances, knowledge workers have become more mobile, expanding the variety of environments in which they may complete work. Despite the affordances of technology, however, knowledge workers may not have the autonomy to use these alternative work sites. Autonomy is a key criterion to producing creative work as well, so limits to autonomy are especially troubling for creative knowledge workers tasked with generating creative solutions-an increasingly important output to organizations given the turbulent environment. This paper draws on labor process theory to explore the sources that may be playing a role in diminishing the autonomy of these workers. Several propositions are presented relating forms of control, work environment options, autonomy, and creative performance. Copyright © 2011 ACM.",Built environments | Control | Creativity | Knowledge work | Labor process theory | Power | Surveillance,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2011-03-18,Conference Paper,"Spivack, April J.;Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901557590,10.4018/978-1-60566-994-6.ch004,The effects of familiarity with the preparer and task complexity on the effectiveness of the audit review process,"In this chapter, the authors discuss factors useful for virtual collaborators to consider when initiating a new writing project. They identify the importance of and challenges common to getting to know others through virtual means. They then address issues associated with establishing expectations and protocols for the collaborative processes to be used for a given project. They do so by drawing from the literature on and their own experiences with virtual collaborative writing, as well as from communication logs and survey responses gathered from a small pilot study conducted in 2007. This pilot study focused on behavior and perceptions related to multiple types of communicative tools for interacting in daily workplace practice. They argue that behaviors, perceptions, expectations, and previous practice can all inform rules of engagement that can benefit teams working in virtual contexts. Time spent planning for the collaboration by defining common goals, rules, and guidelines in early stages of a virtual project can improve the collaborative experience: subsequent efficiency; role, task, and deadline delineations; and group satisfaction. © 2010, IGI Global.",,Virtual Collaborative Writing in the Workplace: Computer-Mediated Communication Technologies and Processes,2010-12-01,Book Chapter,"Wojahn, Patti G.;Blicharz, Kristin A.;Taylor, Stephanie K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944714557,10.1080/1051712X.2015.1081016,Auditor time budget pressure: Consequences and antecedents,"Purpose: This research aimed to identify both the specialized resources and competences for value co-creation when the value co-creation phenomenon is extended to the early stage of the value chain. Further, it proposes a framework that can analyze the value co-creation process in the high-tech business-to-business (B-to-B) market. Methodology/approach: The research methodology was based on building a theory from a case study. The qualitative data was coded based on the grounded theory coding after collecting data from multiple sources. Findings: Four critical resource types (financial resources, knowledge resources, efficiency resources, and intellectual resources) and five competence types (relational capability, collaboration capability, strategic capability, innovation capability, and managing capability) were constructed as the principal factors for value co-creation at the early stage in the value chain within the high-tech B-to-B market. Among the four resources and five competences, intellectual resource and strategic capability associated with value co-creation were unique findings in our case research. Research implications: Our results provided new insights, which the value co-creation can be extended to the early stages in the value chain, such as the research and development (R&D) stage, in the high-tech B-to-B market, whereas extant value research was more focused on the late stages of the value chain. The reciprocal value co-creation process, which used four resources and five competences of both the supplier and customer, was proposed as an integrated framework to co-create value at the early stage of the value chain within the high-tech B-to-B market. Practical implications: A supplier’s R&D, marketing, manufacturing, planning departments and the customer can utilize the defined resources as well as competences at different stages of the value chain in order to co-create value and improve their performance. In particular, the marketing department of the supplier needs to turn their eyes to the early stages in the value chain so as to seek a value co-creation strategy. Originality/value/contribution: A value co-creation strategy was sought from a different perspective, extending from a late stage to an early stage in the value chain of the high-tech B-to-B market. The integrated research framework, combining resources and competences of the supplier and customer, was established to analyze the value co-creation phenomenon.",business marketing | competence | industrial marketing | innovation | process | resource | value co-creation,Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing,2015-07-03,Article,"Park, Changhyun;Lee, Heesang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84955663217,10.1007/978-1-4939-0378-8_16,Creative ideas take time: Business practices that help product managers cope with time pressure,"Agent Based Modeling studies group activity by simulating the individuals in it and allowing group-level phenomena to emerge. It can be used to integrate theories to inform designs of technology for groups. Researchers use theories as the basis of the rules of how individuals behave (e.g., what motivates users to contribute to an online community). They can run virtual experiments by changing parameters of the model (e.g., the topical focus in an online community) to see what collective behaviors emerge.",,Ways of Knowing in HCI,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Ren, Yuqing;Kraut, Robert E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029693735,10.3758/bf03205475,A test of the deadline model for speed-accuracy tradeoffs,"Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the deadline model for speed-accuracy tradeoffs. According to the deadline model, participants in speeded-response tasks terminate stimulus discrimination as soon as it has run to completion or as soon as a predetermined time deadline has arrived, whichever comes first. Speed is traded for accuracy by varying the time deadlines; short deadlines yield fast but sometimes inaccurate responses, whereas long deadlines allow for slow, accurate responses. A new prediction of this model, based on a comparison of reaction time distributions, was derived and tested in experiments involving the joint manipulation of speed stress and stimulus discriminability. Clear violations of this prediction were observed when participants made relative brightness judgments (Experiment 1) and when they made lexical decisions (Experiment 2), rejecting both the deadline model and the fast-guess model. Several alternative models for speed-accuracy tradeoffs, including random-walk and accumulator models, are compatible with the results.",,Perception and Psychophysics,1996-01-01,Article,"Ruthruff, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70049097798,10.1007/978-3-540-68504-3_8,Stereotyping and attitudinal effects under time pressure,"This article offers a rhetorical design perspective on persuasive technology design, introducing Bitzer's method of the rhetorical situation. As a case study, knowledge workers in an industrial engineering corporation are examined using Bitzer's method. Introducing a new system, knowledge workers are to be given the task of innovating and maintaining business processes, thus contributing with content in an online environment. Qualitative data was gathered and Bitzer's theory was applied as a design principle to show that persuasive technology designers may benefit from adopting rhetorical communication theory as a guiding principle when designing systems. Bitzer's theory offers alternative ways to thinking about persuasive technology design. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Community | Knowledge management | Knowledge workers | Persuasion | Persuasive design | Persuasive technology design | Rhetoric,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Tørning, Kristian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029714629,,Simple strategies or simple tasks? Dynamic decision making in 'complex' worlds,"Decision makers in operational environments perform in a world of dynamism, time pressure, and uncertainty. Perhaps the most stable empirical finding to emerge from naturalistic studies in these domains is that, despite apparent task complexity, performers only rarely report the use of complex, enumerative decision strategies. If we accept that decision making in these domains is often effective, we are presented with a dilemma: either decision strategies are (covertly) more complex than these performers claim, or these tasks are (subtly) more simple than they might appear. We present a set of empirical findings and modeling results which suggest the latter explanation: that the simplicity of decision making is not merely apparent but largely real, and that tasks of high apparent complexity may yet admit to rather simple types of decision strategies. We also discuss empirical evidence that sheds light on the error forms resulting from the tendency of performers to seek and employ heuristic solutions to dynamic, uncertain decision problems.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kirlik, Alex;Rothrock, Ling;Walker, Neff;Fisk, Arthur D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029420320,10.1037/1196-1961.49.4.530,"Sex differences in visuo-spatial ability: task difficulty, speed-accuracy tradeoff, and other performance factors.","Males have consistently been found to perform better than females on a task that requires the subject to mentally rotate a figure. Recently, Goldstein. Haldane, and Mitchell (1990) suggested that performance factors are operative in explaining sex differences in spatial ability. However, Stumpf (1993) was unable to replicate all of Goldstein et al.'s (1990) findings and to generalize them to other measures of spatial ability. In this study, it was hypothesized (1) that females would take longer to respond and would get fewer correct items than males on a spatial rotation task, and (2) that only females would show a speed-accuracy tradeoff as the difficulty of the spatial task increased from the 90 degrees to 180 degrees rotated conditions. The results confirmed each of these hypotheses. Furthermore, as Stumpf (1993) found, when ratio scores from the number of items correct to number attempted were computed for both males and females, differences in spatial ability were reduced, though still evident.",,Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale,1995-01-01,Article,"Prinzel, L. J.;Freeman, F. G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029560157,,A proposition for the measurement of perceived time pressure in 'field' studies,"A study was conducted to establish whether (a) nurses were able to differentiate between perceived exertion and perceived time pressure during ten nursing tasks and (b) variations in perceived time pressure existed between subjects with and without low back complaints. The (adapted) Borg CR-10 scale was used to assess both perceived exertion and perceived time pressure. Both questions can be answered in the affirmative. Subjects seem to be able to differentiate between the two concepts. Moreover, subjects with low back complaints perceived more time pressure during the tasks than subjects without complaints do. It would appear that the Borg scale indeed seems to be a useful instrument to assess perceived time pressure.",Borg scale | Nursing | Perceived exertion | Perceived time pressure,Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand,1995-12-01,Conference Paper,"Engels, J. A.;Van der Gulden, J. W.J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029483543,10.1093/cdj/30.4.347,Time pressures and low-income families: The implications for 'social' transport policy in Europe,"This article draws attention to the complexity of the social arrangements which form the background to travel decisions and travel behaviour in the low income context. It focuses on the 'borrowing' and 'repaying' of 'time favours' amongst low-income households arguing that these inter-household exchanges of favours are used to overcome, albeit partially, the financial resource constraints of low-income budgets. Using evidence from Merseyside, the article explores the interaction between financial constraints and time constraints in the making of travel arrangements in low-income households. A vignette, drawn from the Mersey evidence, provides a concrete illustration of the importance of these factors in practical family life. Moving beyond the sociological analysis of inter-household support structures, the article indicates new high technology European public transport developments which can usefully be harnessed as part of social policy to overcome some of the constraints which low-income families presently experience in gaining access to critical resources such as health. © 1995 Oxford University Press.",,Community Development Journal,1995-10-01,Article,"Grieco, Margaret",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029348647,10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.179,"Time pressure, type A syndrome, and organizational citizenship behavior: a field study replication of Hui, Organ, and Crooker (1994)","A field study of 182 university students in their residences tested the relationships among subjective time pressure, Type A scores, and organizational citizenship behavior. Perceived time pressure did not inhibit any form of citizenship behavior. Scores on the Achievement-Striving dimension of the Type A measure were positively related to the impersonal form of citizenship behavior as well as perceived time pressure and grade point average.",,Psychological reports,1995-01-01,Note,"Organ, D. W.;Hui, C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008238161,10.4018/irmj.1995070103,The Effectiveness Of Graphic And Tabular Presentation Under Time Pressure And Task Complexity,"Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. This research empirically tested the effects of presentation format, time pressure, and task complexity on decision performance. The objective was to determine the effective presentation format (graphics or tables) for the performance of tasks of varying complexities by decision makers under time pressure. Results showed that when time pressure was low, the effectiveness of the two presentation formats depended on the type and complexity of the task. With increasing time pressure graphics generally were found more advantageous. The findings add to the literature by showing the superiority of graphics over tables in supporting decision making under time pressure. © 1995, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),1995-07-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21844514576,10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.161,Categorization Under Time Pressure,"Categorization of complex stimuli under time pressure was investigated in 3 experiments. Participants carried out standard binary classification tasks. In the transfer stage, different response deadlines were imposed. Results showed that response deadlines affected the applied level of generalization and the dimensional weight distribution. At short deadlines, participants generalized more than at longer deadlines. Dimensional weights were influenced heavily by perceptual salience at shorter deadlines, whereas they depended primarily on the formal category structure in conditions without a deadline. A formal model that extends the generalized context model of categorization with a time-dependent similarity concept is proposed to account for these results. That model provides a parsimonious and accurate account of the data from the 3 experiments. © 1995 American Psychological Association.",,Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,1995-01-01,Article,"Lamberts, Koen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950977136,10.1007/bf03344268,Dealing with time pressure,"Frequent work interruptions and multitasking are important features of the modern ""accelerated"" world of work. In this article we will give a survey about the state of the art of both strongly related phenomenons. Particularly insights about limited processing resources of the central nervous system on the basis of modern resource concepts will be considered and possible consequences for human performance capacities and health will be discussed. Finally, some implications for work design and occupational-medical research will be derived.",Limited processing capacities | Multitasking | Performance capacity | Resource concepts | Work interruptions,"Zentralblatt fur Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie",2010-01-01,Article,"Freude, Gabriele;Ullsperger, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028942703,10.1016/0042-6989(94)00195-R,An exponential pyramid model of the time-course of size processing,"Two prior approaches to size processing are discussed in this paper. The first approach is based on measurements of mental size transformations, the second on measurements of thresholds for size and separation. We first analyze these prior approaches and point out differences among prior models and similarities among prior results. This analysis led to new psychophysical experiments that tested the effect of size, relative precision, and eccentricity on the speed of perceptual processing. Speed was not affected by size, but was affected by relative precision and eccentricity. These new results, along with prior results, are then used to formulate a new model based on an exponential pyramid algorithm. This new model, which uses elements of both traditional approaches, can better account for prior, as well as our new results, on the time-course of size processing. © 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd.",Exponential pyramid | Mental size transformation | Multiresolution analysis | Size perception | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Vision Research,1995-01-01,Article,"Pizlo, Zygmunt;Rosenfeld, Azriel;Epelboim, Julie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84991593709,10.1145/2961111.2962616,Investigating simple and complex mechanisms in texture segregation using the speed-accuracy tradeoff method,"Although agile methods have become established in software engineering, documentation in projects is rare. Employing a theoretical model of information and documentation, our paper analyzes documentation practices in agile software projects in their entirety. Our analysis uses method triangulation: partly-structured interviews, observation and online survey. We demonstrate the correlation between satisfaction with information searches and the amount of documentation that exists for most types of information as an example. Also digital searches demand nearly twice as much time as documentation. In the conclusion, we provide recommendations on the use of supporting methods or tools to shape agile documentation.",agile documentation | Information behavior,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2016-09-08,Conference Paper,"Voigt, Stefan;Von Garrel, Jörg;Müller, Julia;Wirth, Dominic",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84912119510,10.1177/1098214014537397,Decision making in a dynamic situation: The effect of false alarms and time pressure,"Shadowing is a data collection method that involves following a person, as they carry out those everyday activities relevant to a research study. This article explores the use of shadowing in a formative evaluation of a professional development school (PDS). Specifically, this article discusses how shadowing was used to understand the role of a professor-in-residence (PIR) working with a PDS, and how this role facilitates capacity building at the school. After describing what shadowing is, its uses, and challenges, a brief overview of the PDS model and the role of a PIR, the authors describe their experiences with (1) developing and managing a relationship with the PIR and (2) how validity was established for the study. The article concludes with suggestions for integrating shadowing in formative evaluations.",capacity building | formative evaluation | methods | qualitative | responsive evaluation | shadowing,American Journal of Evaluation,2014-12-29,Article,"Hall, Jori N.;Freeman, Melissa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029200276,,Effect of time pressure on visual information utilization in machine-aided target recognition,"The preferences of operators and the sensitivity of their performance to time pressure were investigated under varying levels of information granularity during machine-aided target detection in cluttered and degraded imagery. Three levels of granularity of aided target recognition (ATR) information were presented: binary (coarse granularity), discrete (moderate granularity), and continuous (fine granularity). The display methods for the ATR's judgments were selected to be most appropriate and natural for each level of granularity. The binary and discrete levels were presented graphically while the continuous information was presented numerically. Subjects' performance and their preferences were analyzed. The results show that coarse and moderate levels of granularity for presentation of ATR information are robust to varying degrees of time pressure.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,1995-01-01,Conference Paper,"Entin, Eileen B.;Serfaty, Daniel;MacMillan, Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84942020339,10.1111/soc4.12296,"Groupthink Remodeled: The Importance of Leadership, Time Pressure, and Methodical Decision-Making Procedures","The sociology of diagnosis offers a vantage point from which to study health and illness, linking a number of other threads of sociological thought. While there has been a growing interest in diagnosis since Mildred Blaxter's suggestion for a sociological exploration in 1978 - a call echoed by Brown in 1990 - it is timely to reflect upon the way in which sociologists engage with diagnosis. Within this review essay, I first consider what it is to ""be a sociology"" in general terms. I then explore the implications of this for an effective sociology of diagnosis, discussing the priorities it has recently developed as well as the directions its scholars might consider. Finally, I suggest ways in which sociologists of diagnosis could broaden their approach in order to advance their understanding of health, illness, and medicine. © 2015 John Wiley",,Sociology Compass,2015-09-01,Article,"Jutel, Annemarie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855571577,10.1016/0042-207X(95)00016-X,Determination of the desorption parameters of hydrogen on a stainless steel surface by analysis of time-pressure curves,"Different aspects defining the nature of software engineering work have been analyzed by empirical studies conducted in the last 30 years. However, in recent years, many changes have occurred in the context of software development that impact the way people collaborate, communicate with each other, manage the development process and search for information to create solutions and solve problems. For instance, the generalized adoption of asynchronous and synchronous communication technologies as well as the adoption of quality models to evaluate the work being conducted are some aspects that define modern software development scenarios. Despite this new context, much of the research in the collaborative aspects of software design is based on research that does not reflect these new work environments. Thus, a more up-to-date understanding of the nature of software engineering work with regards to collaboration, information seeking and communication is necessary. The goal of this paper is to present findings of an observational study to understand those aspects. We found that our informants spend 45% of their time collaborating with their colleagues; information seeking consumes 31,90% of developers' time; and low usage of software process tools is observed (9,35%). Our results also indicate a low usage of e-mail as a communication tool (~1% of the total time spent on collaborative activities), and software developers, of their total time on communication efforts, spending 15% of it looking for information, that helps them to be aware of their colleagues' work, share knowledge, and manage dependencies between their activities. Our results can be used to inform the design of collaborative software development tools as well as to improve team management practices. © J.UCS.",Awareness | Collaboration | CSCW | Multi-tasking | Observational study | Software engineers,Journal of Universal Computer Science,2011-12-01,Article,"Gonçalves, Márcio Kuroki;de Souza, Cleidson R.B.;González, Víctor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029038337,10.1016/0301-0511(95)05109-0,Effects of attention and time-pressure on P300 subcomponents and implications for mental workload research,"Our approach to objective measures of mental workload is establishing relationships between components of the event-related brain potential (ERP) and information processing stages. These relationships can be used to infer the influence of specific workload conditions on specific processing stages. We recently showed that the ERP component P300 in choice tasks is composed of two subcomponents, P-SR and P-CR, which are time-related to stimulus-evaluation and response-selection. With these relations we could specify which processing stages were affected when certain workload conditions are varied. When attention was divided between the visual and auditory modalities compared to (unimodal) focused attention, the choice reaction time (RT) was prolonged, primarily in the auditory modality. This delay was mainly reflected in the P-CR latency, which shows that the division of attention mainly impairs the response-selection process in the auditory modality due to a bias of attention towards the visual modality. When the time-pressure was increased, the latency of the P-CR (and not of the P-SR) was shortened, but less than the choice RT. This suggests a (limited) acceleration of response-selection but not of stimulus evaluation. Since the response-selection process was accelerated less than the overt choice RT, an increase of the error rate was consequently observed. In summary we showed that increases of mental workload can induce accelerations or decelerations of specific processing stages which can be monitored by observing latency changes of the affiliated ERP components. © 1995.",Attention | ERP | Mental workload | P300 | Time-pressure,Biological Psychology,1995-01-01,Article,"Hohnsbein, Joachim;Falkenstein, Michael;Hoormann, Jörg",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0009206884,10.1007/BF00996192,"The effect of time pressure on the choice between brands that differ in quality, price, and product features","Consumers often make purchase decisions while under time pressure. This research examines the effect of time constraints on the choice of brands that differ in perceived quality, price, and product features. Specifically, when making choices under time pressure, consumers were found to be more likely to choose higher-quality brands over lower-quality brands and top-of-the-line models with enhanced product features over basic models with fewer features. Alternative explanations for these effects are explored, and practical implications are discussed. © 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.",brand management | consumer choice | time pressure,Marketing Letters: A Journal of Research in Marketing,1995-01-01,Article,"Nowlis, Stephen M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255185121,10.1016/j.jebo.2011.05.016,Time Pressure and War Initiation: Some Linkages,"This paper provides an explanation for why many organizations are concerned with "" e-mail overload"" and implement policies to restrict the use of e-mail in the office. In a theoretical model we formalize the tradeoff between increased productivity from high priority communication and reduced productivity due to distractions caused by low priority e-mails. We consider employees with present-biased preferences as well as time consistent employees. All present-biased employees ex-ante are motivated to read only important e-mail, but in the interim some agents find the temptation to read all e-mail in their inbox too high, and as a result suffer from productivity losses. A unique aspect of this paper is the social nature of procrastination, which is a key to the e-mail overload phenomenon. In considering the firm's policies to reduce the impact of e-mail overload we conclude that a firm is more likely to restrict e-mail in the case of employees with hyperbolic preferences than in the case of time-consistent employees. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Communication | E-mail overload | Present-biased preferences | Social spillovers,Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2011-12-01,Article,"Makarov, Uliana",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028937862,,Antibiotic therapy of urinary tract infections: Safe in spite of time pressure [ANTIBIOTISCHE THERAPIE VON HARNWEGSINFEKTIONEN: SICHERHEIT TROTZ ZEITDRUCK],,,Fortschritte der Medizin,1995-01-01,Conference Paper,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642468101,10.1108/09590559510103963,Shopper reactions to perceived time pressure,"Reports the results of an exploratory study of the effects of time pressure on consumer supermarket shopping behaviour. Unique to the study are the use of measures of both actual and relative shopping time and purchase amount, and measures of self-reported perceived time pressure. Measures of relative shopping time and purchase amount potentially provide more accurate methods for measuring time pressure effects in certain shopping situations while the use of self-reported time pressure makes the results applicable to a wider variety of consumers. Results indicate that time-pressured shoppers do not necessarily spend any more or less time or money in supermarkets. Instead, supermarket shoppers tend to spend less time making any given purchase and more money in the time available to them. Provides several suggestions for improving future research of time pressure effects as well as several possible retail strategies for dealing with the time-harried consumer. © 1995, MCB UP Limited.",,International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management,1995-01-01,Article,"Herrington, J. Duncan;Capella, Louis M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028905924,10.1080/00140139508925171,Task constraints and user-system interaction process under personnel decision support,"An experiment involving a simulated decision support system was carried out to examine the patterns of user-system interaction and decision information utilization under personnel decision support. A computer simulation program of personnel decision support was developed, using actual personnel management data from eight Chinese enterprises, and the process tracing techniques were adopted. Thirty-six subjects (users) participated in this experiment. A 2 × 2 design of task constraints was formulated including two forms of decision information representations (chunking vs. random) and two types of time pressure (3 minutes vs. 1 minute). The results showed that, in interacting with decision support systems, users’ weights of decision information attributes were closely correlated with the types of information search patterns. Under high time-pressure and chunking representation condition, more selective search strategies were adopted with a similar pattern of the sequential search as it was under low time-pressure. The user-system interaction revealed a linear additive process of information utilization. Implications of the results are discussed in relation to the design of effective decision support systems for complex decision situations. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Cognitive representation | Decision support | Task constraints | Time pressure | User-system interaction,Ergonomics,1995-01-01,Article,"Wang, Zhong Ming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875927318,10.1080/07370024.2012.697026,Standardized task strain and system response times in human-computer interaction,"The routines of information work are commonplace yet difficult to characterize. Although cognitive models have successfully characterized routine tasks within which there is little variation, a large body of ethnomethodological research has identified the inherent nonroutineness of routines in information work. We argue that work does not fall into discrete classes of routine versus nonroutine; rather, task performance lies on a continuum of routineness, and routineness metrics are important to the understanding of workplace multitasking. In a study of 10 information workers shadowed for 3 whole working days each, we utilize the construct of working sphere to model projects/tasks as a network of humans and artifacts. Employing a statistical technique called T-pattern analysis, we derive measures of routineness from these real-world data. In terms of routineness, we show that information workers experience archetypes of working spheres. The results indicate that T-patterns of interactions with information and computational media are important indicators of facets of routineness and that these measures are correlated with workers' affective states. Our results are some of the first to demonstrate how regular temporal patterns of media interaction in tasks are related to stress. These results suggest that designs of systems to facilitate so-called routine work should consider the degrees to which a person's working spheres fall along varying facets of routineness. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2013-07-01,Article,"Su, Norman Makoto;Brdiczka, Oliver;Begole, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028739301,,Fitts' law and the 'force' of Newton: a match made in physics,"Two paradigms, Fitts' Law and the 'Force' of Newton, have found conflicting results in speed-accuracy tradeoffs for arm movements. In the Fitts' Law, movement time is the dependent measure while accuracy (width) and distance (amplitude) are the independent variables. The 'Force' of Newton, accuracy is the dependent measure while movement time and distance are the independent variables. These two paradigms focus on speed (velocity), using acceleration as the model for the key kinematic variable. A Monte Carlo simulation was created to model multiple submovements. This simulation predicts movement times and the number of submovements to 'capture' a target.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,1994-12-01,Conference Paper,"Guisinger, Mark A.;Flach, John M.;Robison, Amy B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872027427,10.1007/978-3-642-13244-5_13,Response force and reaction time in a simple reaction task under time pressure.,"While the economic impact of, and the interest in, open source innovation and production has increased dramatically in recent years, there is still no widely accepted theory explaining its performance. We combine original fieldwork with agent-based simulation to propose that the performance of open source is surprisingly robust, even as it happens in seemingly harsh environments with free rider, rival goods, and high demand. Open source can perform well even when cooperators constitute a minority, although their presence reduces variance. Under empirically realistic assumptions about the level of cooperative behavior, open source can survive even increased rivalry and performance can thrive if demand is managed. The plausibility of the propositions is demonstrated through qualitative data and simulation results. © 2010 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.",Agent-based Modeling | Exchange | Innovation | Performance,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Levine, Sheen S.;Prietula, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929746423,10.1108/PR-07-2013-0116,Temporal factors in aviation decision making,"Purpose - The rise of knowledge work has entailed controversial characteristics for well-being at work. Increased intensification, discontinuities and interruptions at work have been reported. However, knowledge workers have the opportunity to flexibly adjust their work arrangements to support their concentration, inspiration or recuperation. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the experienced well-being of 46 knowledge workers was subject to changes during and after a retreat type telework period in rural archipelago environment. Design/methodology/approach - The authors conducted a longitudinal survey among the participants at three points in time: one to three weeks before, during, and two to eight weeks after the period. The authors analyzed the experienced changes in psychosocial work environment and well-being at work by the measurement period by means of repeated measures variance analysis. In the next step the authors included the group variable of occupational position to the model. Findings - The analysis showed a decrease in the following measures: experienced time pressure, interruptions, negative feelings at work, exhaustiveness of work as well as stress and an increase in work satisfaction. There were no changes in experienced job influence, clarity of work goals and work engagement. Occupational position had some effect to the changes. Private entrepreneurs and supervisors experienced more remarkable effects of improvement in work-related well-being than subordinates. However, the effects were less sustainable for the supervisors than the other two groups. Originality/value - This paper provides insights into how work and well-being are affected by the immediate work environment and how well-being at work can be supported by retreat type telework arrangements.",Knowledge work | Quantitative | Telework Paper type Research paper | Well-being | Work environment,Personnel Review,2015-06-01,Article,"Vesala, Hanne;Tuomivaara, Seppo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028489552,10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.199,"Time pressure, type A syndrome, and organizational citizenship behavior: a laboratory experiment.","Time pressure was manipulated in a laboratory task for 77 undergraduate subjects, who also responded to a measure of Type A syndrome. Afterwards, an occasion for organizational citizenship behavior was presented in the form of participation in a survey. Type A scores were unrelated to those on any measure of organizational citizenship behavior; time pressure acted to depress especially the quality of organizational citizenship behavior.",,Psychological reports,1994-01-01,Article,"Hui, C.;Organ, D. W.;Crooker, K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951709900,10.1109/HICSS.2010.461,Time Budget Pressure and Filtering of Time Practices in Internal Auditing: A Survey,"While product development (NPD) groups typically use information technology (IT) to enhance their knowledge work, such usage also elicits group-level interruptions. This paper develops a conceptual model that studies the partial mediation effect of interruptions on the link between IT use and knowledge integration in NPD. It proposes that IT use causes two interruption types that represent alternate channels of influence on knowledge integration. Specifically, intrusions inhibit knowledge integration by raising group workload, while feedback interventions facilitate knowledge integration by enhancing the group's collective mind. The paper contributes to the literature by providing insights on how IT use affects the knowledge work of groups that are faced with various interruption types. © 2010 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2010-05-07,Conference Paper,"Addas, Shamel;Pinsonneault, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028532012,10.1016/0378-7206(94)90048-5,Decision making under time pressure: A model for information systems research,"Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. A model of decision making under pressure is developed here. Drawing from existing theory and empirical research in psychology and human behavior, the model defines the role and relationship of relevant variables. © 1994.",Decision support | Human factors | Time pressure | User/machine systems,Information and Management,1994-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84955660709,10.1007/978-981-287-612-6_2,Time pressure effects on late components of the event-related potential (ERP),"The world in which we work is changing. Information technologies transform our work environment, providing the fl exibility of when and where to work. With the changes in the way we work, the role of the workplace is changing as well. Offi ces transform from dull production facilities to inspiring meeting places, in which no effort is spared to create a new sense and experience of work. Employees engage in a working relationship that suits them best in terms of ambition, skills, lifestyle, and stage of life. The New Way of Working is a relatively new phenomenon that provides the context for these developments. It consists of three distinct pillars that are referred to as Bricks, Bytes, and Behavior: the work location, use of ICT, and the employee-manager relation. The New Way of Working employees have the freedom to work when and where they are most productive. This freedom is based on mutual trust instead of managerial control and on results instead of presence. Research shows that after the implementation of the New Way of Working, employees experience more job autonomy, a higher level of job satisfaction, decreased levels of stress, and a more peaceful family life. Though the New Way of Working may not be a cure for all organizational illnesses, organizations need to realize that in an ever-changing world, changes in the way we work are inevitable.",New world of work | NWOW | Telework | The new way of working | Work flexibility,The Impact of ICT on Work,2016-01-01,Book Chapter,"de Kok, Arjan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028503702,10.1111/j.1467-9450.1994.tb00952.x,Time pressure and the application of decision rules: Choices and judgments among multiattribute alternatives,"The effects of time pressure on decisions and judgments were studied and related to the use of different decision rules in a multiattribute decision task. The decision alternatives were students described by their high school grades in Swedish, Psychology and Natural Science. The subjects were asked to choose the student they thought would be most able to follow a university program and graduate as a school psychologist. On the basis of earlier findings using the same kind of decision task (Svenson et al., 1990) it was hypothesised that subjects under time pressure would prefer candidates having the maximum grade across all attributes to a greater extent than subjects under no time pressure. Furthermore, it was hypothesised that subjects under time pressure would also focus more on the most important attribute and choose the alternatives being best on that attribute. The results supported these hypotheses. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",decision making | decision rules | judgments | Time pressure,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,1994-01-01,Article,"EDLAND, ANNE",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002721234,10.1016/0001-6918(94)90013-2,The effect of time pressure on decision-making behaviour in a dynamic task environment,"Decision-making behaviour is considerably affected by dynamic aspects of the task environment. First of all, as a dynamic situation continuously changes, a decision maker has to take time into consideration. Second, a decision maker can use feedback providing information on the effect of own actions on system change, elaborating the set of strategies that can be used to cope with the decision problem. Third, in dealing with uncertainty a trade-off has to be made between costs of action, for example information search, versus the risks involved in doing nothing. The present paper describes an experiment in which subjects had to control a system that changed over time. Deteriorations in system performance could either result from changes in system parameters or from false alarms. Of major interest was decision behaviour as a function of time pressure, in this case, speed of system decline. Decision strategies are described in terms of the time allocated to decision phases and in terms of behavioural indices related to information requests and actions. The results showed a general speedup of information processing as time pressure increased. The decision strategy remained constant across all experimental conditions: subjects waited until a specific value of overall system performance was reached, then requested information on the underlying cause, and subsequently executed an action. Under high levels of time pressure, however, this strategy led to a significant increase in system crashes. The findings indicate that people do not optimally react to the time dimension of decision problems. It is concluded that future research should investigate the effects of a priori probabilities of false alarms, and of the costs involved in the decision-making process. © 1994.",,Acta Psychologica,1994-01-01,Article,"Kerstholt, JoséH H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84942861087,10.1108/TPM-06-2015-0030,Semantic blindness: Repeated Concepts Are Difficult to Encode and Recall Under Time Pressure,"Purpose – Collective work motivation (CWM) has been construed as humans’ innate predispositions to effectively undertake team-oriented work activities under ideal conditions (Lindenberg and Foss, 2011). However, management research aimed at explicating its etiology in knowledge-based organizations (KBOs) has been largely ignored. Given that these organizations strive to gain market competitiveness by motivating employees to cooperatively share knowledge, as well as protect organizational specific knowledge from being externally expropriated, it becomes expedient to understand how they can mobilize and sustain CWM that is geared towards the normative goal of knowledge sharing and knowledge protection. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual insights from the social identity theory were deployed by the study. Findings – Three hypothetical principles derived from the processes of social categorization, social comparison and social identification tentatively mobilize and sustain CWM in KBOs. Originality/value – This paper adopts the social identity perspective to CWM. In so doing, it sees CWM as a team-based intrinsically derived process rather than an extrinsic means of eliciting the motivation of people in KBOs to engage in the normative goal of knowledge sharing and protection.",Collectivism | Employees | Knowledge management | Motivation | Social processes | Teams,Team Performance Management,2015-10-12,Article,"Tongo, Constantine Imafidon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-29544448170,10.1108/09649420510635196,An attempt to determine the activation energy of desorption from the shape of the pressure pulse in an uhv system caused by LID,"Purpose The broad aim of this paper is to investigate whether managers in Australia allocate their time differently than other occupational groups, and the impact gender and life situation (using marital status and presence or absence of dependent children as a proxy) has on time allocation. Design-methodology-approach To address these broad aims, data are drawn from the 1997 Australian Time Use Survey. This is a nationally representative survey that examines how people in different circumstances allocate time to different activities. Findings The results of this study highlight three important issues. The first is that male and female managers display different patterns of time use. Male managers' time is dominated by paid employment activities, whereas female managers' time is spent predominantly on employment and domestic activities. The second is that life situation impacts on the time use of female managers, but not male managers. The third important find of this study is that managers' time use is different to other occupational groups. Practical implications These findings have policy implications relating to work-life balance, career progression and changes in patterns of work. In terms of work-life issues, it reveals that male and female managers face a “time squeeze”, with some evidence of a “second-shift” for female managers. In addition, the findings provide insight into the work-life issues faced by male and female managers. Originality-value The results of this inquiry provide insight into how different individuals spend their time – insight into “lifestyles”. However, in-depth qualitative studies are required to reveal why individuals allocate their time in this way and to understand the opportunities and constraints individuals face in time allocation. © 2005, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Expatriates | Japan | Performance levels | Women,Women in Management Review,2005-12-01,Article,"Blunsdon, Betsy;Reed, Ken;Mcneil, Nicola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028360646,10.1097/00013614-199406000-00003,Understanding the pressure ulcer problem,"Pressure necrosis resulting from vascular occlusion must be understood and anticipated by the clinician in advance, if pressure ulcers are to be prevented. © 1994 Aspen Publishers, Inc.",Critical vascular occlusion time | Deep pressure necrosis | Pressure ulcer | Time-pressure relationships,Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation,1994-01-01,Article,"Feedar, Jeffrey A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869853174,10.1002/bdm.3960070202,Factors influencing the use of internal summary evaluations versus external information in choice,"This study examines the time management strategies of individuals in an academic institution and gathers information on the complex temporal structures they experience and manage. Its focus is on how electronic tools can be designed to incorporate the temporal structures that govern time usage and thus, help individuals to better manage their time. This work consists of an exploratory field study to gather data on how people use temporal structures with electronic tools. This is followed by a survey that will be given to a larger group of respondents in the same subject population examined with the field study. The survey will test the hypotheses developed from a literature review on time management coupled with the information uncovered in the field study. Finally a prototype computer time management tool will be developed and distributed on a trial basis to the same community surveyed. A brief follow-up study will then be conducted on the prototype's use.",Electronic calendars | Electronic time management tools | Organizational behavior | Scheduling | Temporal structures | Time | Time management,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Wu, Dezhi;Tremaine, Marilyn;Hiltz, Starr Roxanne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,On judgment and decision making under time pressure and the control of process industries,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-28844479741,10.1006/jrpe.1993.1017,Need for cognition and external information search: Responses to time pressure during decision-making,"The relationship between need for cognition (a motivation to engage in thinking and cognitive endeavors), time pressure, and predecisional external information search was experimentally investigated, using an information display board paradigm. Under time pressure, subjects accelerated processing, and reported less confidence in their decision. Low-need-for-cognition (NC) subjects expended less cognitive effort to the task than did high-NC subjects, as was indicated by cognitive responses and self-reports. Differences in search strategy in response to time pressure were found only among subjects low in need for cognition and not among high-NC subjects. Under time pressure low-NC subjects, compared to unpressured low-NC subjects, exhibited search strategies that are more variable in amount of information assessed across alternatives, indicating the use of more heuristic strategies. © 1993 Academic Press. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Research in Personality,1993-01-01,Article,"Verplanken, Bas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027714485,10.1159/000261936,Effects of time pressure on the phonetic realization of the Dutch accent-lending pitch rise and fall.,"The goal of this experiment is to find the most important phonetic features of Dutch accent-lending pitch movements, in terms of shape, pitch level and alignment with the segmental structure. Time pressure is used as a heuristic method to isolate important phonetic aspects of pitch movements, assuming that under time pressure the speaker will preserve those aspects. In a production experiment, accent-lending rises ('1') and falls ('A') were realized under various types of time pressure. The pitch rise is time-compressed under all pressure types, which would mean that the shape of the rise is relatively unimportant. The segmental alignment of the rise proved to be more important: the onset of the rise is synchronized with the syllable onset. For the fall no fixed synchronization point was found, but its shape was relatively invariant, indicating that shape rather than exact timing is the more important feature of the fall.",,Phonetica,1993-01-01,Article,"Caspers, J.;van Heuven, V. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85072421514,10.4271/930721,Rearview mirror reflectivity and the quality of distance information available to drivers,"In two experiments, we examined the possibility that rearview mirror reflectivity influences drivers' perceptions of the distance to following vehicles. In the first experiment, subjects made magnitude estimates of the distance to a vehicle seen in a variable-reflectance rearview mirror. Reflectivity had a significant effect on the central tendency of subjects' judgments: distance estimates were greater when reflectivity was lower. There was no effect of reflectivity on the variability of judgments. In the second experiment, subjects were required to decide, under time pressure, whether a vehicle viewed in a variable-reflectance rearview mirror had been displaced toward them or away from them when they were shown two views of the vehicle in quick succession. We measured the speed and accuracy of their responses. Mirror reflectivity did not affect speed or accuracy, but it did cause a bias in the type of errors that subjects made. With lower reflectivity, there was an increase in errors in which displacements that were actually nearer were judged to be farther, and an approximately compensating decrease in errors in which displacements that were actually farther were judged to be nearer. We interpret these results in terms of their implications for optimal reflectivity levels of rearview mirrors. The findings that reflectivity did not affect variability of magnitude estimates, reaction time for distance discrimination, or accuracy of distance discrimination suggest that the quality of distance information should not be considered a major factor in determining optimal reflectivity levels. However, these results should be interpreted within the limits of the methods of this study. Furthermore, the effect of reflectivity on the central tendency of magnitude estimates of distance should be explored further. © Copyright 1993 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.",,SAE Technical Papers,1993-01-01,Conference Paper,"Flannagan, Michael J.;Sivak, Michael;Battle, Dennis S.;Sato, Takashi;Traube, Eric C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870015864,,Clinical application of sialography with the time-pressure curve monitored,"Previous emergency medical services (EMS) research has established a foundation for conceptual and empirically based tools that improve the scientific understanding of the interaction between information and organizational systems. Recent research has introduced the time-critical aspect into the delivery of EMS by examining end-to-end performance through a chain of dispatchers and responders. Within the United States, work is currently underway at a national level to develop the next generation of 9-1-1 services that integrate voice, data, and video. However, there still exists a challenge in that no single organization is responsible for managing end-to-end system performance. Knowledge of the performance across the system will benefit stakeholders and organizational elements responsible for facilitating service level agreements between the service providers. Based upon an examination of the Intelligent Transportation Systems architecture and the Next Generation 9-1-1 Concept of Operations documents, the authors provide recommendations for integrating performance metrics into emergency response architecture.",Architecture | Emergency medical services | Performance | Time-critical information services,"Association for Information Systems - 12th Americas Conference On Information Systems, AMCIS 2006",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marich, Michael;Horan, Thomas A.;Schooley, Benjamin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78249241556,10.1080/10400419.2010.523400,Phoneme detection as a tool for comparing perception of natural and synthetic speech,"Time pressure, one of the factors of organizational innovation climate, has an inconsistent effect on employee creativity. Based on the interactional approach, this study attempted to describe time pressure as a moderator. Data were collected from two surveys of R&D employees at Taiwanese national research institutions in 2007 and 2009. The results showed that time pressure moderated the relationship between organizational innovation climate and creative outcomes. As most theorists had predicted, in a strong organizational innovation climate, time pressure hindered creative outcomes. However, as many practitioners advocate, time pressure enhanced creative outcomes in a weak organizational innovation climate. The implications in a time pressure/organizational innovation climate matrix are discussed. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Creativity Research Journal,2010-10-01,Article,"Hsu, Michael L.A.;Fan, Hsueh Liang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027154669,10.1093/geronj/48.3.P150,Age differences in mental rotation task performance: The influence of speed/accuracy tradeoffs,"Young and old subjects performed a mental rotation task with a within- subject instructional manipulation of speed/accuracy criteria. The three sets of instructions emphasized speed, accuracy, or both speed and accuracy equally. Both age groups changed reaction time (RT) in response to instructions, but there was no Age x Instruction interaction. Whereas young subjects showed decreases in accuracy with decreasing RT, older adults showed relatively stable levels of accuracy with decreasing RT, suggesting that young subjects were more willing to sacrifice accuracy for improvement in speed. Speed/accuracy operating characteristics for the two groups did not overlap, suggesting that age differences in response criteria cannot completely account for age differences in mental rotation performance.",,Journals of Gerontology,1993-01-01,Article,"Hertzog, C.;Vernon, M. C.;Rypma, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976968919,10.1177/031289629301800204,The Hassled Decision Maker: The Effects of Perceived Time Pressure on Information Processing in Decision Making,"Managers are often required to make complex decisions under severe time constraints. We predicted that the perception of time pressure, even when there is sufficient time to make a decision, may impair decision making activity. A pilot study and two experiments were conducted on a sample of 162 university students, who were assigned to a time-pressure condition or a no time-pressure condition. In support of the prediction, time-pressured students generated fewer objectives and alternatives and considered fewer consequences. The “hassled decision maker” effect may be due to: The disruptive effects of psychological stress; the need for rapid cognitive closure; interruptions due to continual monitoring of time and deadlines; and, resentment at the demand to work quickly. Implications of the findings for management practice are discussed. © 1993, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",DECISION MAKING | INFORMATION PROCESSING | TIME PRESSURE,Australian Journal of Management,1993-01-01,Article,"Mann, Leon;Tan, Charlotte",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963626674,10.1145/2818048.2819988,Sialography with the time-pressure curve monitors,"High performance computing (HPC) has driven collaborative science discovery for decades. Exascale computing platforms, currently in the design stage, will be deployed around 2022. The next generation of supercomputers is expected to utilize radically different computational paradigms, necessitating fundamental changes in how the community of scientific users will make the most efficient use of these powerful machines. However, there have been few studies of how scientists work with exascale or close-to-exascale HPC systems. Time as a metaphor is so pervasive in the discussions and valuation of computing within the HPC community that it is worthy of close study. We utilize time as a lens to conduct an ethnographic study of scientists interacting with HPC systems. We build upon recent CSCW work to consider temporal rhythms and collective time within the HPC sociotechnical ecosystem and provide considerations for future system design.",Collective time | High performance computing | HPC | Scientific collaboration | Temporal rhythms | Temporality | Time,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2016-02-27,Conference Paper,"Chen, Nan Chen;Poon, Sarah S.;Ramakrishnan, Lavanya;Aragon, Cecilia R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027045051,,The pitfalls of managing intellectual work in engineering and technology,"Summary form only given. It is contended that despite persistent beliefs to the contrary, the management of innovation in most organizations, including firms in engineering and technology, appears to violate the fundamental requirements of a critical process in innovation, the creative process. That is, although it has been established that for many intellectual workers creative activities and projects are best undertaken in settings free of many traditional organizational restrictions, actual policies and practices in the majority of organizations in the United States appear to produce rigid and inhibitive work environments. Aspects of these environments include relatively inflexible official and operative work hours and work-location requirements, various forms of inappropriate deadline pressures, and too-vigilant supervision. It is argued that work hours and work-location expectations are inextricably linked and produce the most suffocating of the effects on creativity. Abundant evidence of managerial policies and practices inimical to creativity and ultimately to innovation, particularly in the form of temporal-locational requirements, has been found. A theory- and research-based blueprint for change has been developed.",,,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Persing, D. Lynne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027048669,,Design considerations for hydrocarbon explosions in offshore modules,This paper reviews some of the structural implications of designing for a hydrocarbon explosion in an offshore module. The importance of layout as a means of mitigating against high blast overpressures is discussed with some guidelines given to avoid features which may contribute to high blast overpressures. The response to a calculated time pressure plot is compared with an idealised plot. Drag loading and the generation of projectiles is also discussed and a design chart for use with drag loads is presented. A chart for calculating the velocity of a projectile is presented with a chart enabling the distance travelled by the projectile to be calculated. Criteria for measuring the damage caused by a blast are also discussed.,,Proceedings of the International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Corr, R. B.;Snell, R. O.;Tam, V. H.Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987677420,,Time pressure is a problem for a sex education project [Tidspress svårighet för sex- och samlevnadsprojekt.],"We draw on notions of power and the social construction of risk to understand the persistence of shadow IT within organizations. From a single case study in a mid-sized savings bank we derive two feedback cycles that concern shifting power relations between business units and central IT associated with shadow IT. A distant business-IT relationship, a lack of IT business knowledge and changing business needs can create repeated cost and time pressures that make business units draw on shadow IT. The perception of risk can trigger an opposing power shift back through the decommissioning and recentralization of shadow IT. However, empirical findings suggest that the weakening tendency of formal programs may not be sufficient to stop the shadow IT cycle spinning if they fail to address the underlying causes for the shadow IT emergence. These findings highlight long-term dynamics associated with shadow IT and pose ""risk"" as a power-shifting construct.",IT governance | Power relations | Risk | Shadow IT,AMCIS 2016: Surfing the IT Innovation Wave - 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Furstenau, Daniel;Sandner, Matthias;Rothe, Hannes;Anapliotis, Dimitrios",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986845484,10.1002/mar.4220090503,The effects of time pressure and information load on decision quality,"This study attempts to identify conditions under which consumer information overload occurs. A theory which states that information overload will occur when the time‐related task demands exceed the capacity of the system is suggested and tested. An experiment is reported in which an inverted U‐shaped function relating decision quality to information load occurred when time pressure was present, but did not when it was absent. Copyright © 1992 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company",,Psychology & Marketing,1992-01-01,Article,"Hahn, Minhi;Lawson, Robert;Lee, Young Gyu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026550386,10.1016/0003-6870(92)90007-I,Operator stress and monitoring practices,"This study attempted to identify the major sources of work-related stress among telephone operators, with special emphasis on computer monitoring and telephone surveillance. A cross-sectional random sample of over 700 telephone operators participated in a questionnaire survey (response rate = 88%). The survey included items designed to measure perceived stress, management practices, specific job stressors and monitoring preferences. Call-time pressure items were most strongly linked to job stress by operators, with 70% reporting that difficulty in serving a customer well and still keeping call-time down contributed to their feelings of stress to a large or very large extent. About 55% of operators reported that telephone monitoring contributed to their feelings of job stress. If given the opportunity, 44% of operators stated they would prefer not to be monitored by telephone at all, while 23% stated they would prefer some monitoring; 33% had no preference. The setting of inappropriate individual-call-time objectives, which may be consistently unachievable for some operators and which create conflict between management demands for quantity and quality and also between workers values concerning quality and productivity demands, appears to be the most stress-inducing aspect of the job. In terms of telephone surveillance, the issues of timeliness and specificty of feedback appear to be less important than call-time pressure. © 1992.",call-time pressure | computer modelling | telephone operators | Work-related stress,Applied Ergonomics,1992-01-01,Article,"DiTecco, D.;Cwitco, G.;Arsenault, A.;André, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951715630,10.1109/HICSS.2010.201,Effects of Alcoholism and Instructional Conditions on Speed/Accuracy Tradeoffs,"A relatively new research stream inquires into phenomena related to temporal separation, or temporal dispersion (TD) in distributed virtual teams. There is little empirical work to date on the association of TD with different indicators of team performance. This paper explores the relation between TD, product quality and product development speed, using open source software development teams as research framework. TD is defined and operationalized into two dimensions: coverage and overlap, and an exploratory regression model is tested on data collected from multiple archival sources comprising 100 open source software development distributed project teams. Results show that TD has a negative association with software interrelease time and that TD interacts with product complexity in its association with product quality. © 2010 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2010-05-07,Conference Paper,"Colazo, Jorge A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026133898,10.1080/02701367.1991.10607529,"Comment on speed-accuracy tradeoff during response preparation (Cauraugh, 1990)",,,Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,1991-01-01,Article,"Reeve, T. Gilmour;Proctor, Robert W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956430777,10.1109/IPCC.2010.5530009,Voice onset times of stuttering and nonstuttering children: The influence of externally and linguistically imposed time pressure,"Research suggests that collaborators prefer to begin projects during face-to-face encounters, but in many organizations, team members are unable to meet their collaborators outside of a virtual setting. Working solely at a distance can prove to be a challenge, particularly early in a project when virtual collaborators need to get a sense of roles, tasks, and one another. How do - and how can - remote collaborators maneuver through the early stages of a project: getting to know one another and building a working relationship? How can we learn about and study how professional communicators collaborate with others at a distance? We have begun to explore such questions by developing approaches that can add voices of practitioners to the growing research literature. We place issues that surfaced during a pilot of our research instruments within the contexts of the literature on virtual collaboration and our own experiences as they relate to developing remote teams. From all of these sources, we suggest issues to consider when forming remote teams. © 2010 IEEE.",Collaborative processes | Team formation | Virtual collaborative writing,IEEE International Professional Communication Conference,2010-09-15,Conference Paper,"Wojahn, Patti;Taylor, Stephanie K.;Blicharz, Kristin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85108031768,10.4324/9781315766744,Speed-accuracy trade-off of arm movement predicted by the cascade neural network model,"Who are NHS middle managers? What do they do, and why and how do they do it’? This book explores the daily realities of working life for middle managers in the UK’s National Health Service during a time of radical change and disruption to the entire edifice of publicly-funded healthcare. It is an empirical critique of the movement towards a healthcare model based around HMO-type providers such as Kaiser Permanente and United Health. Although this model is well-known internationally, many believe it to be financially and ethically questionable, and often far from 'best practice' when it comes to patient care. Drawing on immersive ethnographic research based on four case studies – an Acute Hospital Trust, an Ambulance Trust, a Mental Health Trust, and a Primary Care Trust – this book provides an in-depth critical appraisal of the everyday experiences of a range of managers working in the NHS. It describes exactly what NHS managers do and explains how their roles are changing and the types of challenges they face. The analysis explains how many NHS junior and middle managers are themselves clinicians to some extent, with hybrid roles as simultaneously nurse and manager, midwife and manager, or paramedic and manager. While commonly working in ‘back office’ functions, NHS middle managers are also just as likely to be working very close to or actually on the front lines of patient care. Despite the problems they regularly face from organizational restructuring, cost control and demands for accountability, the authors demonstrate that NHS managers – in their various guises – play critical, yet undervalued, institutional roles. Depicting the darker sides of organizational change, this text is a sociological exploration of the daily struggle for work dignity of a complex, widely denigrated, and largely misunderstood group of public servants trying to do their best under extremely trying circumstances. It is essential reading for academics, students, and practitioners interested in health management and policy, organisational change, public sector management, and the NHS more broadly.",,Deconstructing the Welfare State: Managing Healthcare in the Age of Reform,2016-06-23,Book,"Hyde, Paula;Granter, Edward;Hassard, John;McCann, Leo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025498569,,Selecting the proper dispensing tip,"When dispensing materials for printed circuit board (PCB) applications, such as conformal coating and temporary solder mask, the goal is to apply a large volume of material in the shortest possible time over a wide area. Generally, accuracy, while important, is not a major requirement of the process. Components, circuits boards, have gotten smaller and smaller since the evolution of surface mount packaging. As these packages get smaller, the tolerances for the application of materials (typically solder paste and surface mount adhesive) have also become tighter. While lines and beads of material have many of the same requirements for dispensing, in most surface mount applications, the material is dispensed in the form of dots. Therefore, this article deals directly with the dispensing of adhesives, solder paste, and conductive epoxies in the form of dots.",,Surface mount technology,1990-10-01,Article,"Engel, Jack",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025529188,10.1080/02701367.1990.10607496,Speed-accuracy tradeoff during response preparation,"Abstract The speed-accuracy operating curve was investigated in a movement precuing two- or four-choice reaction time task. Four levels of response preferences were manipulated with subject instructions and postresponse information: (a) accuracy, (b) reaction time latency, (c) accuracy and reaction time latency, and (d) no preference. Eighty subjects completed 480 discrete keypressing responses with the index and middle fingers of both hands. The mixed design mean reaction time analysis indicated faster performances for the reaction time latency and the accuracy and reaction time latency groups than the no preference group. Additionally, the percent correct analysis revealed two significant interactions: (a) Trial Block x Precue x Response Preference, and (b) Delay x Precue x Hand Position. Overall, the present findings provide partial support for the speed-accuracy operating curve predictions. Caution is advised when drawing chronométrie inferences based only on reaction time data or when response accuracies are extremely high. © 1990, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. © 1990 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Choice reaction time | Movement precues | Response preference | Response preparation | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,1990-01-01,Article,"Cauraugh, James H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000318357,10.1016/0001-6918(90)90084-S,Choices and judgments of incompletely described decision alternatives under time pressure,"The effects of time pressure were investigated on choices and judgments of pairs of partially described alternatives. Subjects judged which of two students would be more qualified to follow a university program for school psychologists. Subjects indicated the preferred candidate and the rated attractiveness difference between candidates in each pair, based on information about high school grades in Swedish, Psychology and Natural Sciences. Each candidate in a pair was described by grades in only two of these attributes - one common for the two candidates and one unique. The exposure time for each pair was systematically varied so that time pressure was imposed in some conditions. Contrary to expectations, it was found that common attribute information was used less under time pressure. No support was found for the expected increased importance of negative information under time pressure. Instead, time pressure resulted in a shift toward greater preference for the candidate with the maximum grade. This result is opposite to the 'harassed decision maker effect' (Wright 1974). A process model capturing the most frequent decision rules and the effects of time pressure is presented. © 1990.",,Acta Psychologica,1990-01-01,Article,"Svenson, Ola;Edland, Anne;Slovic, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011238628,10.1080/00380237.2013.740993,Time-pressure as a function of sleep satisfaction category in undergraduates,"Recognizing the linkages among family, neighborhood, and work, this study examines whether neighborhood resources (neighborhood satisfaction and informal helping) mediate the relationships between job stressors (work hours, job inflexibility, and work-to-family conflict), family stressors (housework hours and family-to-work conflict), and father-child relationship quality. We performed OLS regressions on data from fathers (N = 85) from a random sample of couples from the northern part of a western state. Results indicate a direct and negative relationship between job inflexibility and father-child relationship quality that is partially mediated by neighborhood satisfaction. Additionally, family-to-work conflict bears a direct and negative relationship with father-child relationship quality, and neighborhood satisfaction mediates this relationship. Altogether, the analyses support the contention that neighborhood resources may mitigate some of the stresses associated with work and family life. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Sociological Focus,2013-01-01,Article,"Minnotte, Krista Lynn;Pedersen, Daphne E.;Mannon, Susan E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870958754,,Outbreak of intestinal infectious diseases due to contamination of two-time pressure water supply with sewage,"This study focuses on the co-evolution of informal organizational structures and individual knowledge transfer behavior within organizations. Our research methodology distinguishes us from other similar studies. We use agent-based modeling and dynamic social network analysis, which allow for a dynamic perspective and a bottom-up approach. We study the emergent network structures and behavioral patterns, as well as their micro-level foundations. We also examine the exogenous factors influencing the emergent process. We ran simulation experiments on our model and found some interesting findings. For example, it is observed that knowledgeable individuals are not well connected in the network, and our model suggests that being fully involved in knowledge transfer might undermine individuals' knowledge advantage over time. Another observation is that when there is high knowledge diversity in the system, informal organizational structure tends to form a network of good reachability; that is, any two individuals are connected via a few intermediates.",Agent-based modeling | Knowledge transfer | Network evolution | Social network analysis,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lin, Yuan;Desouza, Kevin C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024911488,10.1016/S0167-9287(89)80040-8,Using computer simulations of negotiation for educational and research purposes in business schools,"Computer-based experimental simulations are discussed as a specific type of simulation. Educational and research advantages of simulations are discussed in general terms, and two negotiation studies using a computer-based simulation are discussed in detail. The advantages and shortcomings of the negotiation simulation are discussed. The argument is made that these simulations not only provide a valuable educational experience for students, but (properly designed) can assist researchers in their attempts to understand the dynamics of negotiation. © 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved.",Conflict | Dispute resolution | Mediation | Negotiation | Simulation,Education and Computing,1989-01-01,Article,"Conlon, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85055272359,10.1177/0961463X17716736,Acoustic investigation of the interactive dynamics of speech motor performance,"While researchers in social psychology often explore space and time in isolation, the relations between these dimensions are rarely considered. To address this gap, we explore a model of Time–Space Distanciation, the extent to space and time are abstracted from one another in the cultural coordination of activity. We introduce this construct with an emphasis on its interdisciplinary roots and its status as a feature of both group- and individual-level psychology. We then offer three studies providing initial evidence of the distinctiveness of this variable at both levels. We find that (1) state-level time–space distanciation is related to, but distinct from, collectivism and cultural tightness and (2) it has important implications for collective well-being. We further found that (3) individual-level time–space distanciation is associated with a wide range of trait differences. We conclude by describing the implications of this research for the study of time, space, and their connection.",collectivism | Cultural psychology | modernism | time and space | well-being,Time and Society,2019-02-01,Article,"Keefer, Lucas A.;Stewart, Sheridan A.;Palitsky, Roman;Sullivan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57049186388,10.1145/1358628.1358732,The role of flight planning in aircrew decision performance,"To date, research exploring interpersonal technology-mediated interruptions has focused on understanding how knowledge of an ""interruptee's-local- context"" can be utilized to reduce unwanted intrusions. However, the value of everyday interruptions are strongly tied to interrupter-interruptee relationships, interrupter's context and interruption content that we refer to as the 'relational context'. This suggests that a fresh approach to interruptibility research is needed that focuses on understanding how the knowledge of this relational context can be used to improve interruption management decisions. To address this concern a theoretical framework and associated research program are presented. The validity of fundamental aspects of this framework is then demonstrated through a study of cell phone call handling decisions. It shows that ""who"" is calling is used most of the time (87.4%) by individuals to make call handling decisions (N=834) unlike the interruptee's current local social (34.9%) or cognitive (43%) contexts. In addition, a clear disconnect was shown between the influence of local interrupee-context and relational context in terms of call handling decisions, suggesting that interruption management systems that focus only on an interruptee's-local-context will be ineffective. An alternative design approach is described to address these short comings.",Availability | Interruption | Mobile | Phones,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2008-12-08,Conference Paper,"Grandhi, Sukeshini A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024058883,10.1037/0022-3514.55.2.266,"Preference for Situations Involving Effort, Time Pressure, and Feedback in Relation to Type A Behavior, Locus of Control, and Test Anxiety","Eighty subjects from an introductory psychology course rated the desirability of eight course structures that differed according to all combinations of the presence or absence of effort required for success, time pressure, and the provision of feedback. Subjects also completed questionnaire measures of the Type A behavior pattern, test anxiety, and external locus of control. Results showed that the Type A behavior pattern was negatively related to external locus of control and that externals tended to have higher test anxiety scores than internals. Multiple regression analyses that involved the personality variables and age and gender showed that the Type A variable predicted preference for course structures that involved effort and feedback and that external control predicted preference for course structures that were independent of effort and provided little feedback. Test anxiety and desirability ratings were positively correlated for the course structure that was not dependent on effort, had little time pressure, and had little feedback. The results were consistent with the view that individuals seek out and prefer situations that are consistent with their personality characteristics.",,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1988-01-01,Article,"Feather, N. T.;Volkmer, R. E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015840283,10.1057/9781137001337_6,Research in Progress: Schemes and Social Workers: Issues of Time Pressure and Training,"This chapter discusses the findings from a pilot study which is part of a larger ongoing study that is considering the nature of family dynamics in ethnic-minority-owned family businesses based in the UK. Ethnic minority entrepreneurs including those of Asian and Caribbean descent are making significant contributions to UK economic development. Previous studies (Barrett, Jones and Mcevoy (2001); Waldinger, Ward, Aldrich and Stanfield (1990) have shown that in the UK the number of ethnic minority start-ups is comparatively high compared to other groups of start-up entrepreneurs. However, the contribution of migrant entrepreneurs has largely been neglected by researchers (Williams et al., 2004; Keeble, 1989) and also appears to have been overlooked by family business researchers. This chapter explains the cultural theoretical framework for the study and highlights the cultural aspects of the Pakistani family business discovered and explored in the pilot study.",,"The Modern Family Business: Relationships, Succession and Transition",2016-01-01,Book Chapter,"Fakoussa, Rebecca;Collins, Lorna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349807856,10.1108/01435120910982078,Impulsivity and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Information Processing,"Purpose This paper aims to describe a staff development activity introduced at a small regional library in Victoria, Australia to assist staff to take more control of their work time. The selfdirected professional activity (SDPA) allows staff to nominate an activity that would benefit them professionally and then provides the support and infrastructure so they can focus on one task for a sustained period of time, free from external distractions. Design/methodology/approach This single case study describes the experiences of 11 library staff undertaking the SDPA four times over a two year period, 20062008. The perspective of participants was recorded and analysed using a focus group discussion, personal written reflections and written responses to open ended survey questions. Findings The activity achieved its initial aim of providing staff with greater control over their professional time. Staff appreciated having a dedicated time to plan and complete a specified task, which they nominated as a priority, without external interruptions. Difficulties encountered by staff included defining a task or activity that could be completed in one afternoon and resisting the temptation to check email and answer telephone calls. Research limitations/implications The sample size is very small, focusing on one specific work environment, which makes it difficult to generalise about the applicability of this model to other organisations. Practical implications The experiences described in this case study illustrate that allowing staff to set their own priorities and minimising external interruptions can assist staff to feel more in control of their time at work. Originality/value The paper shows that elements of this approach could be incorporated into any workplace, although it appears to be of greater benefit to workers who must multitask in open office environments or to those who must juggle competing priorities. © 2009, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Australia | Empowerment | Human resource management | Learning | Libraries | Self managing teams,Library Management,2009-07-24,Article,"Sheridan, Linda",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893019289,10.1002/cb.1459,Time pressure and strategic choice in mediation,"Prior research on interruptions focuses entirely on the process being interrupted and assumes interruption homogeneity. Across two studies, we examine how heterogeneous features of interruptions (i.e., timing, frequency, and perceived pleasantness) and consumer individual differences (i.e., need for cognitive closure (NFCC)) impact consumer response toward a product. We find interruption features have opposing effects on consumer response for consumers high versus low in NFCC-depending upon the perceived valence of the interruption. Specifically, individuals with high NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur late or infrequently. In contrast, those who have low NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur early or perceived to be unpleasant and occur infrequently. The role of interruption pleasantness is discussed in terms of its predictive power for perceived pleasant but not perceived unpleasant interruptions. Finally, study findings are placed within marketing contexts that guide managerial implications. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Consumer Behaviour,2014-01-01,Article,"Niculescu, Mihai;Payne, Collin R.;Luna-Nevarez, Cuauhtémoc",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001073911,10.1016/0167-4870(88)90051-7,Consumer product label information processing: An experiment involving time pressure and distraction,"This research investigates the influence of individual differences and situational factors on the quantity and content of information recalled from product labels. Age, personality, distraction, time pressure, and product familiarity are found to be related to the processing of product label information. Implications of the results for marketers include the possibility of information overload on the product label, and design label. © 1988.",,Journal of Economic Psychology,1988-01-01,Article,"Héroux, Lise;Laroch, Michel;McGown, K. Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024088805,10.1061/(ASCE)9742-597X(1988)4:4(320),Time versus trust: Impact upon collaborative decision making,"The influence of time pressure on decision making is reviewed from a behavioral standpoint. The discussion focuses on the manner in which managers often retreat from a high-trust environment during a crisis, thereby limiting their effectiveness as collaborative leaders. This retreat is attributed to the competition between time and trust in which time constraints prevent the development and maintenance of trust within the decision-making team. The paper identifies trust as a key element of successful teams within organizations, and as a necessary prerequisite to the exchange of ideas and information necessary for optimal solutions. A framework of behavioral tendencies is suggested, which managers and decision makers can use to check their attitudes and responses during a crisis. Recognition of these tendencies will enable managers to encourage open communication and more effective decision making under time pressure. © ASCE.",,Journal of Management in Engineering,1988-01-01,Article,"Berzins, William E.;Dhavala, Murty D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84957491675,10.1117/12.939925,Variable accuracy optical matrix/vector processors - speed/accuracy tradeoffs,"This paper addresses some of the issues concerning the use of variable accuracy optical processors to improve the processing time required to obtain a high accuracy solution to a set of Linear Algebraic Equations (LAEs). We begin with a standard error analysis of the Steepest Descent iterative algorithm used to find the solution to the LAEs. This results in an expression relating the accuracy of the solution to the number of iterations and the inherent system accuracy in each mode of operation, along with the eigen-structure of the matrix describing the LAE. The accuracy at any iteration is a combination of terms representing the ideal algorithmic improvement plus the degradation due to processor inaccuracies. An evaluation of the proper number of iterations for processing in both low and high accuracy modes can be inferred through an examination of the tradeoffs in accuracy between these two terms. The expression is evaluated for several sample problems obtained from the Adaptive Phased Array Radar field. These results are then interpreted with respect to specific optical processing architectures. © SPIE.",,Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,1987-08-11,Conference Paper,"Kumar, B. V.K.Vijaya;Carroll, C. W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908590369,10.1145/2628363.2634259,Effects of time pressure on decision-making,"Recent advances in mobile technology have had many positive effects on the ways in which people can combine work and home life. For example, having remote access enables people to work from home, or work flexible hours that fit around caring responsibilities. They also support communication with colleagues and family members, and enable digital hobbies. However, the resulting 'always-online' culture can undermine work-home boundaries and cause stress to those who feel under pressure to respond immediately to digital notifications. This workshop will explore how a socio-technical perspective, which views boundaries as being constituted by everyday socio-technical practices, can inform the design of technologies that help maintain boundaries between work and home life.",HCI | Leisure | Personal informatics | Wellbeing | Work | Work home boundary management,MobileHCI 2014 - Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services,2014-09-23,Conference Paper,"Cox, Anna L.;Dray, Susan;Bird, Jon;Peters, Anicia;Mauthner, Natasha;Collins, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982507338,10.1111/j.1911-3846.1987.tb00659.x,"The effects of the planning memorandum, time pressure and individual auditor characteristics on audit managers' review time judgments","Abstract. This study examines audit managers' review time effort (as reflected in their time estimates for working paper review) and the extent to which this effort is directed by another important audit manager activity: initial audit planning. Initial audit planning is manipulated by identifying certain audit areas as critical in the planning memo. Time pressure and individual auditor characteristics also are examined because auditing literature suggests that they may affect managers' review. The analysis is based on the responses, to an audit case, of 73 audit managers from ten large accounting firms. The results indicate that: 1) the managers exhibit reasonable agreement in budgeting over half of audit management time to review, 2) the initial audit plan directs their subsequent review, 3) time pressure does not significantly affect their estimated review times, and 4) firm affiliation, auditor experience level, and initial planning effort are associated with differences in managers' review practices and perceptions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results for practice and further research. 1987 Canadian Academic Accounting Association",,Contemporary Accounting Research,1987-01-01,Article,"BAMBER, E. MICHAEL;BYLINSKI, JOSEPH H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908969270,10.4324/9780203888841-18,Change of preferences under time pressure: choices and judgements,"Creativity depends on opportunities that arise from a conjunction of social networks and knowledge development that create opportunities to create technologies. Using a nested multilevel approach, looking at institutional characteristics at industry level, firm level networks, and interpersonal interactions, I argue that industry level beliefs influence technology innovation. Social networks open opportunities for creative minds to interact with others and combine resources to create new technologies. We illustrate this theory by looking at complex technologies. I present two case studies: (1) the development of two new technologies for floating off-loading and production of oil, and (2) how engineers in ten firms battle pollution problems from paper and pulp mills. Social network analysis reveals how nested networks of industries, organizations and individuals contribute opportunities and resources to complete the innovations.",,The Routledge Companion to Creativity,2008-01-01,Book Chapter,"Greve, Arent",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022729454,10.3758/BF03207071,The effect of speed-accuracy tradeoff on sex differences in mental rotation,"This experiment examined the effects of sex differences in the form of speed-accuracy curves on sex differences in rate of mental rotation. Eighty-nine subjects attempted 1,200 rotation problems similar to those used by Shepard and Metzler (1971). Stimulus exposure was varied systematically over a wide range, and response accuracy was determined at each exposure. Speed-accuracy curves were then fit using an exponential function similar to one proposed by Wickelgren (1977). Results showed that apparent differences between males and females in rate of rotation are explained by sex differences in the shape of the speed-accuracy curves, with females reaching asymptote sooner on trials requiring more rotation. Similar effects were obtained in a comparison of subjects high and low in spatial ability. © 1986 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1986-11-01,Article,"Lohman, David F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249042185,10.1016/0191-8869(86)90096-6,"Gender, neuroticism and speed-accuracy tradeoffs on a choice reaction-time task","The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Personality Inventory were administered to 96 college students, along with a choice reaction-time (RT)/movement-time task. The results show that females and Ss high on neuroticism made significantly fewer ballistic errors on the RT. The implications for RT research are discussed. © 1986.",,Personality and Individual Differences,1986-01-01,Article,"Larson, Gerald E.;Saccuzzo, Dennis P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84967546705,10.4324/9781315751795,Explicated models constructed under time pressure: Utility modeling versus process tracing,"Reproductive medicine has been very successful at developing new therapies in recent years and people having difficulties conceiving have more options available to them than ever before. These developments have led to a new institutional landscape emerging and this innovative volume explores how health and social structures are being developed and reconfigured to take into account the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF treatments. Using Sweden as a central case study, it explores how the process of institutionalizing new assisted reproductive technologies includes regulatory agencies, ethical committees, political bodies and discourses, scientific communities, patient and activists groups, and entrepreneurial activities in the existing clinics and new entrants to the industry. It draws on new theoretical developments in institutional theory and outlines how health innovations are always embedded in social relations including ethical, political, and financial concerns. This book will be of interest to advanced students and academics in health management, science and technology studies, the sociology of health and illness and organisational theory.",,"Institutionalizing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The Role of Science, Professionalism and Regulatory Control",2016-02-18,Book,"Styhre, Alexander;Arman, Rebecka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249042076,10.1016/0749-5978(86)90045-2,The effects of time pressure on judgment in multiple cue probability learning,"This experiment used multiple-cue probability learning to study the effects of time pressure on judgment. Undergraduate students were trained to use cues with linear or curvilinear function forms to predict a criterion. Subsequent to training, performance under time pressure was compared with selfregulated performance. Lens model analyses indicated that cognitive control deteriorated under time pressure while cognitive matching remained unchanged. This effect was limited to complex cue-criterion environments containing curvilinear function forms. The results suggest that the time pressured individual tends to be erratic even while implementing correct policy. © 1986.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1986-01-01,Article,"Rothstein, Howard G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845875421,10.4337/9781847202833.00015,Time Pressure and the Development of Integrative Agreements in Bilateral Negotiations,,,Research Companion To Working Time And Work Addiction,2006-12-01,Book Chapter,"MacDermid, Graeme",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0010873813,10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.31,"Children's Achievement Strategies and Test Performance. The Role of Time Pressure, Evaluation Anxiety, and Sex","The present research sought to eliminate the effects of debilitating test anxiety on achievement test performance through the development of new ways of giving tests that provide more optimal estimates of all students' achievement. Third- and fourth-grade children (N = 155) were divided into low, middle, and high test-anxious groups. They were then tested in small groups on age-appropriate arithmetic problems either under time pressure typical of current achievement testing or under no time pressure (i.e., they were given all the time they needed to finish). High-anxious boys displayed poor performance under time pressure compared to their less anxious peers yet improved significantly when time pressure was removed, with high- and middle-anxious boys matching the performance of low-anxious boys. Low-anxious boys and high-anxious girls performed better under time pressure. Children's rate-accuracy patterns are examined, and several maladaptive strategies are suggested. High- and middle-anxious boys tended to perform quite quickly but inaccurately, whereas middle-and high-anxious girls tended to perform quite slowly but with only medium accuracy. Nearly all low-anxious students showed high accuracy and a moderate (neither too fast nor too slow) performance rate. Suggestions are made for diversifying test procedures to take into account different children's motivational dispositions and test-taking strategies, as well as for teaching children appropriate strategies for coping with the demands of different tests. © 1986 American Psychological Association.",,Developmental Psychology,1986-01-01,Article,"Plass, James A.;Hill, Kennedy T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000829719,10.1016/0001-6918(85)90017-4,Experimental paradigms emphasising state or process limitations: I effects on speed-accuracy tradeoffs,"The distinction between E (experimenter-controlled) and S (subject-controlled) experimental paradigms is related to the macro- and the micro-tradeoff between speed andaccuracy, and to the distinction between state and process (or resource and data) limitations. A discrimination task is described, involving E and S conditions, which respectively emphaise state or process limitations on the quantity or quality of information utilised by the subject. Results from both conditions show a clear difference between macro- and micro-tradeoffs, are inconsistent with a number of fixed- and variable-sample decision models, but can be explained in terms of an accumalator process. On this basis, a taxonomy of performance functions is proposed, and it is concluded that differences between macro- and macro-tradeoffs and distinctions between state and process limitations, can be understood only in terms of a detailed model of how information is processed by the subject. © 1985.",,Acta Psychologica,1985-01-01,Article,"Vickers, Douglas;Burt, Jenny;Smith, Philip;Brown, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021582161,,LESSONS LEARNED DEVELOPING A DERIVATIVE ENGINE UNDER CURRENT AIR FORCE PROCEDURES.,"The DEEC and single crystal turbine materials used in an increased life core (ILC) are completing qualification under a separate effort known as the F100 Component Improvement Program (CIP) for late 1985 production. Among the 'lessons learned' from this program to date are: The ability to evaluate, through testing, advanced technology concepts and to drop them and add new ones if potentially unacceptable characteristics are identified without the schedule pressures associated with a Full Scale Development (FSD) program; Design objectives and goals can be evaluated and changed as future requirements evolve; The ability to transition demonstrated advanced technology components into an on-going CIP for qualification; The value of joint contractor, Air Force and NASA test programs.",,AIAA Paper,1984-12-01,Conference Paper,"Edmunds, David B.;McAnally, William J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021393854,10.1080/00140138408963489,"Time pressure, training and decision effectiveness","An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of time pressure and of training on the utilization of compensatory multi-attribute (MAU) decision processes. Sixty subjects made buying decisions with and without training in the process of compensatory MAU decision-making. This was repeated with and without time pressure. It was found that training resulted in more effective decision making only under the 'no time pressure' condition. Under time pressure the training did not improve the quality of decision making at all, and the effectiveness of the decisions was significantly lower than under no time pressure. It was concluded that specific training methods should be designed to help decision makers improve their decisions under time pressure. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Decisions | Effectiveness | Time pressure | Training,Ergonomics,1984-01-01,Article,"Zakay, Dan;Wooler, Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986685602,10.1002/job.4030050406,Research note: The relationship between time pressure and performance: A field test of Parkinson's Law,,,Journal of Organizational Behavior,1984-01-01,Article,"Peters, Lawrence H.;O'Connor, Edward J.;Pooyan, Abdullah;Quick, James C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874876933,10.1007/s11577-013-0193-x,SPEED-ACCURACY TRADEOFFS IN SPATIAL ORIENTATION INFORMATION PROCESSING.,"Part-time work helps organizations to ensure flexibility and allows employees to combine work and family duties. However, despite their desire to work reduced hours, many individuals work full-time - particularly those in leadership positions. This article therefore examines which factors contribute to the use of part-time work among managers. By analysing a data set that combines individual-level data from the European Labor Force Survey (2009) with country-level information from various sources, we identify the circumstances under which managers reduce their working hours and the factors that explain the variations in part-time work among managers in Europe. Our multi-level analyses show that normative expectations and cultural facts rather than legal regulations can explain these cross-national differences. © 2013 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.",International comparison | Managers | Multi-level analyse | Part-time work,Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie,2013-03-01,Article,"Hipp, Lena;Stuth, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020698640,10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00105.x,Visuo-motor behaviour in pre-school children in relation to sex and neurological status: An experimental study on the effect of 'time-pressure',"A detailed analysis was made of the visuo‐motor behaviour of 139 pre‐school children during a spatial‐constructive task with and without time‐pressure. The study focused mainly on sex differences and the implications of minor neurological dysfunctions for children's visuo‐motor behaviour. Between sexes only minor differences in behavioural organization and efficiency were found. Between neurological groups only differences within the girls were found, those with lower neurological optimality scores showing more signs of ‘lack of motor inhibition’ and distraction in the prestress condition, seemingly related to differences in motivation. No effect was found for time‐pressure for groups with a different neurological status. Copyright © 1983, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",minor neurological dysfunction | observation | pre‐school children | sex difference | time‐pressure | visuo‐motor coordination,Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,1983-01-01,Article,"Kalverboer, A. F.;Brouwer, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020310698,,INDUSTRIALIST'S PERSPECTIVE ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION.,,,"National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia",1982-12-01,Conference Paper,"Stretton, A. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000547734,10.1037/0278-7393.8.5.361,Processing probabilistic multidimensional information for decisions,"Various theories of probabilistic inference and stimulus classification predict that for stimuli with separable dimensions (Ds) (a) Ds are utilized sequentially from most to least salient; (b) equating for likelihood ratio, the more salient a D is, the greater its effect on opinion; (c) the number of Ds processed varies systematically with costs, payoffs, and available time; and (d) interdimensional additivity is increasingly violated as dimensional salience decreases. The predictions were tested in 2 probabilistic inference experiments. Exp I (13 college students) utilized stimuli with 1 or 3 binary Ds, and Exp II (36 Ss) utilized stimuli with 5 binary dimensions. Ss in Exp II were either under time pressure or not and were paid according to either an extreme or a moderate payoff rule. The predictions were generally sustained, but there were specific violations in terms of sequential effects and systematic patterns of D dependence, such that restructure of the basic theory is necessary. It is suggested that processing occurs in 2 stages, one leading to a tentative binary decision and the other to a degree of confidence in the choice. In the 2nd stage, Ds are processed sequentially and configurally with the bias toward the choice already made. (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American Psychological Association.","additivity of dimensions of multidimensional stimuli, probabilistic inference, college students | relative salience & | time pressure &","Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition",1982-09-01,Article,"Wallsten, Thomas S.;Barton, Curtis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020123562,10.3758/BF03202660,Global precedence as a postperceptual effect: An analysis of speed-accuracy tradeoff functions,"Two experiments examined the speed-accuracy tradeoff for stimuli used by Martin (1979), some of which have a Stroop-like conflict between the relevant (to-be-judged) and the irrelevant aspect. Speed of transmitting information about a local aspect was significantly reduced when the irrelevant global aspect conflicted with the relevant local aspect, while speed of transmitting information about the global aspect was not affected when the irrelevant local aspect conflicted with the relevant global aspect. This result, when extrapolated to the accuracy level of an ordinary reaction-time task, fitted very well the reaction-time predictions of the global precedence model proposed by Navon (1977). However, other results were incongruent with the fundamental assumption of that model: that global features are accumulated with temporal priority over local features. The finding that, independently of speed, information transmission of the global aspect started later when the irrelevant local aspect was conflicting, corroborates Miller's (1981a) conclusion that global and local features are available with a similar time course. Global precedence is therefore a postperceptual effect; absence of interaction with S-R compatibility suggested that it operated before the response selection stage. The term global dominance may be preferred, because it avoids the implication of prior availability for the global aspect. Furthermore, the possibility of whether Stroop conflict should be considered a necessary condition for global dominance is discussed. © 1982 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1982-07-01,Article,"Boer, Louis C.;Keuss, P. J.G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001438475,10.1037/0022-3514.42.5.876,"Matching and mismatching: The effect of own limit, other's toughness, and time pressure on concession rate in negotiation","Augmented the research design used by H. H. Kelley et al (1967) to examine negotiation about the division of a common reward to include 2 factors expected to interact with bargainer's limit: time pressure and the other bargainer's toughness. Five hypotheses were tested: (1) Concession rate is lower the higher a bargainer's limit; (2) concession rate is greater under high, as opposed to low, time pressure; (3) bargainer toughness is mismatched, that is, the greater the other's initial demand and the slower the other's concessions, the larger will be the S's concessions; (4) concession rate is more influenced by limit level under high, as opposed to low, time pressure; and (5) mismatching of the other's toughness is more pronounced under high time pressure than under low. Ss were 48 female undergraduates. All hypotheses were supported except Hypothesis 3, which received partial support. Ss conceded slowly when the other conceded slowly and rapidly when the other conceded rapidly. A possible explanation for this finding is that matching occurs when it is possible to judge the fairness of the other's offers. When this is possible, bargainers engage in reciprocity. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American Psychological Association.","other's toughness & | own limit & | time pressure, concession rate in negotiation, female college students",Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1982-01-01,Article,"Smith, D. Leasel;Pruitt, Dean G.;Carnevale, Peter J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0009065968,10.3758/BF03330210,Test anxiety and its effect on the speed-accuracy tradeoff function,"Test-anxious and non-test-anxious students performed a letter classification task under speeded and unspeeded conditions. The speed and accuracy of the students’ “same-different” judgments were analyzed to reveal effects of group, response deadline, and presence of an exam. Test-anxious students were found to respond slower than non-test-anxious students, and this group difference was not influenced by emphasis on speed or accuracy, or by the presence of an exam. © 1982, The Psychonomic Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.",,Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society,1982-01-01,Article,"Goolkasian, Paula",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0011466245,10.1016/0022-1031(82)90074-9,Effects of salience and time pressure on ratings of social causality,"A model is proposed to account for the effects of a target person's salience on judgments of that target. It is argued that salience leads to more extreme inferences in the direction implied by prior knowledge that is relevant to the judgment. This knowledge may include both specific information about the target being rated and general information about the class of stimuli to which the target belongs. Two experiments supported these hypotheses. When subjects were under time pressure to make judgments of a target person's influence in a social situation, their judgments increased with the salience of the target when they had prior knowledge that the target was generally high in social influence. However, their judgments decreased with the target's salience when subjects had prior knowledge that the target was generally low in social influence. When subjects were given ample time to make their judgments, however, the effects of target salience were attenuated. Possible implications of these findings for prior research on salience effects are discussed. © 1982.",,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1982-01-01,Article,"Strack, Fritz;Erber, Ralph;Wicklund, Robert A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0019577277,10.2466/pms.1981.52.3.787,Effect of physical stress and time-pressure on performance.,Several aspects of the inverted U-model regarding the relation between activation and performance were tested in an experiment in which activation was manipulated both by increasing metabolic demands and by varying psychological demands. Psychological stress influenced performance but the direct manipulation of activation by increasing physical stress had no effect on performance. From these results we conclude that it is very unlikely that activation is causally related to performance. A better explanation seems that a stressor influences both activation and performance and that the effect of a stressor is highly specific and depends on the kind of stressor and the kind of task.,,Perceptual and motor skills,1981-01-01,Article,"Lulofs, R.;Wennekens, R.;Van Houtem, J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002241390,10.1016/0030-5073(81)90042-8,Some effects of time-pressure on vertical structure and decision-making accuracy in small groups,"Eighteen four-person groups were given a decision-making task to perform in one of three time-pressure conditions-3 min, 5 min, and 15 min (high, moderate, and low time-pressure, respectively). Observers recorded the number of times each group member communicated to other group members and to the group as a whole. As predicted, there were significant and strong effects of time-pressure on vertical structuring within the groups. Specifically, groups in the high time-pressure condition shared air-time less equally than did groups in the low time-pressure condition. Furthermore, group members in the high time-pressure condition reported more salient leadership than did group members in the low time-pressure condition. Finally, consistent with contingency theory, there was some evidence to indicate that unequal sharing of air-time was associated with low intermember attraction in the low time-pressure groups, but there was no such relationship for the high time-pressure groups. The decision-accuracy data showed some significant quadratic trends, but no effects of time-pressure on indices of efficiency. The vertical structuring findings were interpreted in terms of social expectations about how to behave under time-pressure, whereas the decision-accuracy findings were interpreted within a performance-arousal perspective. © 1981.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1981-01-01,Article,"Isenberg, Daniel J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898920113,10.1111/joms.12075,The effect of time pressure on risky choice behavior,"We introduce the concept of 'individual action propensity' to examine the approach of individuals towards solving situations for which they lack knowledge and/or experience about what to doWe focus on a naturally contrasting pair of responses: 'thinking before acting' or 'acting before thinking', and associate low action propensity with thinking one's way into understanding how to act, and high action propensity with acting one's way into understanding such situationsWe build on regulatory mode theory - with its dimensions of locomotion and assessment and the trade-off between speed and accuracy - to examine individual characteristics as predictors of individual action propensityWe find that individual action propensity is associated with being a woman, having fewer years of formal education, not relying on help-seeking behaviours, and having a positive attitude towards spontaneityOur findings shed light on why individuals take action, or not, and provide implications for research on organizational action propensity© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.",Action propensity | Individual differences | Locomotion and assessment,Journal of Management Studies,2014-01-01,Article,"Vera, Dusya;Crossan, Mary;Rerup, Claus;Werner, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84970277554,10.1177/002200278002400209,The Effects of Perceived Ability and Impartiality of Mediators and Time Pressure on Negotiation,"This study provided empirical clarification of the effects of factors presumed in the negotiation literature, but not clearly demonstrated, to be central to the negotiation process. One hundred and forty subjects participated in a simulated labor-management negotiation to determine the effects of perceived ability and impartiality of a mediator and time pressure on negotiation. Results showed that negotiators utilizing a mediator perceived to be high in ability gained more money, were influenced to a greater extent, and perceived the mediator as more powerful and favorable than negotiators with a mediator perceived to be low in ability. Also, negotiators bargaining with a high perceived-ability mediator ended with more money, were more influenced, and indicated more satisfaction than controls. Finally, time pressure produced more contract settlements in the high time-pressure situation than in the low time-pressure situation. © 1980, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Conflict Resolution,1980-01-01,Article,"Brookmire, David A.;Sistrunk, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0011469950,10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.1933,Coalition bargaining in four games that include a veto player,"Tested the predictions of 3 models of coalition behavior. 120 graduate students played each of 4 games, rotating among the 5 player positions (including a veto player) between games. The games were played under 1 of 3 time pressure/default conditions: (a) no time pressure, (b) a condition such that the constant payoff to coalitions was lost if an agreement was not reached in 3 attempts, and (c) a condition such that the payoff for no agreement was fixed at 60 points for the veto player and 10 for the other players. The veto players' payoffs varied over games and tended to increase as play continued, at times approaching the entire payoff. Thus, the weighted probability (S. S. Komorita, 1974) and Roth-Shapley (A. E. Roth, 1977; L. S. Shapley, 1953) models were not supported; the core model received some support. The default conditions had little effect. The likelihood of socially beneficial behavior in competitively motivating situations is discussed. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1979 American Psychological Association.","time pressure/default condition of games with veto player, predictability of coalition behavior models, college students",Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1979-01-01,Article,"Murnighan, J. Keith;Szwajkowski, Eugene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85027047846,10.13169/workorgalaboglob.10.2.0027,Alcohol and speed-accuracy tradeoff,"In the analysis of the sustainability of knowledge work environments, the intensification of work has emerged as probably the single most important contradiction. We argue that the process of knowledge work intensification is increasingly self-driven and influenced by subjectification processes in the context of trends of individualisation and self-management. We use a qualitative case study of a leading multinational company in the information and communications technology sector (considered to be 'best-in-class') to discuss this intensification and its linkage with self-disciplining mechanisms. The workers studied seem to enjoy a number of resources that current psychosocial risk models identify as health promoting (e.g. autonomy, learning, career development and other material and symbolic rewards). We discuss the validity of these models to assess the increasingly boundaryless and self-managed knowledge work contexts characterised by internalisation of demands and resources and paradoxical feelings of autonomy. Knowledge work intensification increases health and social vulnerabilities directly and through two-way interactions with, first, the autonomy paradox and new modes of subjection at the workplace; second, atomisation and lack of social support; third, permanent accountability and insecurity; and finally, newer difficulties in setting boundaries.",,"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation",2016-12-01,Article,"Pérez-Zapata, Oscar;Pascual, Amparo Serrano;Alvarez-Hernández, Gloria;Collado, Cecilia Castaño",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018711899,10.3758/BF03208305,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff in choice reaction time: Within conditions, between conditions, and between subjects","A quantitative theory of choice reaction time (CRT), developed in the context of accurate performance was successfully applied to a speeded experiment. With estimation of a single parameter, mean criterion level, the theory described the reaction time (RT) distributions for correct responses and errors and the details of the speed-accuracy tradeoff. The form of the tradeoff within experiments is not invariant with a shift of criterion when described by conditional error probabilities. However, a new tradeoff function which is invariant under this condition is presented. Descriptions of individual performance and of individual differences are also provided. Error rates are determined primarily by the amount of criterion variability and the ability to inhibit short-latency errors. Slower subjects with relatively high criterion levels tend to make the most errors. Previous presentations of the theory are extended by a more explicit analysis of the implications of the theory for the speed-accuracy tradeoff. © 1979 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1979-03-01,Article,"Grice, G. Robert;Spiker, V. Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928882491,10.1504/IJMC.2015.069129,Empirical approaches to information processing: Speed-accuracy tradeoff functions or reaction time - a reply,"The study aims to explore the impact of smartphone use on Facebook users' daily lives, particularly in terms of the development and maintenance of one's social capital, the level of perceived social interruption and the relationships between the two. The sample consisted of 789 university students in Taiwan. Two types of social capital, namely bonding and bridging, are examined. The results indicated that smartphone users developed and maintained social capital more easily and at the same time were interrupted more than non-smartphone users. A positive relation between social interruption and social capital was found for Facebook users with or without smartphones. The more social interruptions one experienced, the more social capital one possessed, regardless of smartphone uses.",Facebook users | Smartphones | Social capital | Social interruption,International Journal of Mobile Communications,2015-01-01,Article,"Chang, Hui Jung",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017931964,10.1080/14640747808400648,Semantic memory retrieval: analysis by speed accuracy tradeoff functions.,,,The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology,1978-02-01,Article,"Corbett, Albert T.;Wickelgren, Wayne A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5644226621,10.1016/0001-6918(78)90045-8,On the accuracy of speed-accuracy tradeoff,,,Acta Psychologica,1978-01-01,Article,"Kantowitz, Barry H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017615265,,On the influence of mental work involving and not involving time pressure on some selected physiological functions [UBER DEN EINFLUSS VON GEISTIGER ARBEIT MIT UND OHNE ZEITDRUCK AUF AUSGEWAHLTE PHYSIOLOGISCHE FUNKTIONEN],,,Zeitschrift fur die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete,1977-12-01,Article,"Klotzbuecher, E.;Roloff, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84952329357,10.1145/2695664.2695746,Empirical approaches to information processing: Speed-accuracy tradeoff functions or reaction time,"Software development is teamwork, where the team members collaborate despite of their working environments ranging from shared office to working in separate sites around the globe. Regardless of location, the teams need support for their collaborative tasks. In this paper, we present results of utilizing collaborative online coding environment to create new, innovative cloudbased services. We collected data from 37 students in two separate coding exercises, each lasting several days. The results indicate that while some experienced coders saw no benefits of such system, in general participants reported both pragmatic benefits - increased efficiency of coordinating actions - and increased motivation due to perceived presence of team members. As our main contribution, we present a design framework for enhancing developer experience in collaborative environments.",CSCW | Developer experience | Sociability | User experience,Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing,2015-04-13,Conference Paper,"Palviainen, Jarmo;Kilamo, Terhi;Koskinen, Johannes;Lautamäki, Janne;Mikkonen, Tommi;Nieminen, Antti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0003007999,10.1016/0001-6918(77)90012-9,Speed-accuracy tradeoff and information processing dynamics,"For a long time, it has been known that one can tradeoff accuracy for speed in (presumably) any task. The range over which one can obtain substantial speed-accuracy tradeoff varies from 150 msec in some very simple perceptual tasks to 1,000 msec in some recognition memory tasks and presumably even longer in more complex cognitive tasks. Obtaining an entire speed-accuracy tradeoff function provides much greater knowledge concerning information processing dynamics than is obtained by a reaction- time experiment, which yields the equivalent of a single point on this function. For this and other reasons, speed-accuracy tradeoff studies are often preferable to reaction-time studies of the dynamics of perceptual, memory, and cognitive processes. Methods of obtaining speed-accuracy tradeoff functions include: instructions, payoffs, deadlines, bands, response signals (with blocked and mixed designs), and partitioning of reaction time. A combination of the mixed-design signal method supplemented by partitioning of reaction times appears to be the optimal method. © 1977.",,Acta Psychologica,1977-01-01,Article,"Wickelgren, Wayne A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017361125,10.1016/0042-6989(77)90085-2,Speed-accuracy tradeoff in visual detection: Applications of neural counting and timing,"This paper considers the applicability of two psychophysical theories, neural counting and neural timing, to visual detection experiments. Neural counting postulates that the number of events occurring on a set of hypothetical sensory channels within a fixed period of time is the relevant code to describe the detection of a stimulus. Alternatively, neural timing suggests that the amount of time before a fixed number of events occurs on each of the hypothetical channels is the relevant code. Formal models of these two ideas are constructed and quantitative predictions which distinguish the models are presented. It is further predicted that in two experimental conditions the counting theory will be confirmed, while in a third condition the counting theory will be rejected and the timing theory confirmed. Data are then reported from eight observers run in a yes-no, visual, speed-accuracy tradeoff experiment from the three experimental conditions for which predictions are made. The data generally confirm all predictons which supports the idea that both methods of detecting stimuli are available to subjects. © 1977.",,Vision Research,1977-01-01,Article,"Wandell, Brian A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017053706,10.3758/BF03213236,Speed-accuracy tradeoff in double stimulation: II. Effects on the second response,"In the double-stimulation paradigm subjects respond to two successive stimuli. Previous research (Knight & Kantowitz, 1974) showed that a subject's speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) strategy interacted with the interval between the two stimuli to determine response performance to the first stimulus. The present experiment examined the influence of SAT strategy on response performance to the second stimulus. Interest focused on effects of SAT strategy upon the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect. If a single mechanism underlies beth first-and second-response performance (e.g., the PRP effect) in double stimulation, effects of SAT upon the second response should be similar to effects upon the first response. Results showed that the PRP effect appeared only when second-response accuracy was stressed. Under speed emphasis double-stimulation second-response latency never exceeded a single-stimulation baseline. This was analogous to first-response latency effects found by Knight and Kantowitz (1974). Response grouping was strongly influenced by SAT strategy and two response-grouping mechanisms were distinguished. Implications of these and interresponse time data for models of double-stimulation performance are discussed. © 1976 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Memory & Cognition,1976-11-01,Article,"Knight, James L.;Kantowitz, Barry H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017232384,10.3758/BF03199391,Effects of graded doses of alcohol on speed-accuracy tradeoff in choice reaction time,"The inconsistency of previous results concerning the effects of alcohol on reaction time (RT) may be related to possible tradeoffs between speed and accuracy. In the present experiment, complete speed-accuracy tradeoff functions were generated for each of five doses of alcohol (0-1.33 ml/kg) in a choice RT task. Such functions permit RT differences resulting from changes in performance efficiency to be distinguished from those due to changes in subjects' speed accuracy criteria. Increasing doses of alcohol produced a progressive decrease in the slope parameter of linear equations fit to the speed-accuracy data, but did not significantly alter the intercept of the functions with the RT axis. Thus, alcohol reduced performance efficiency by decreasing the rate of growth of accuracy per unit time. A change in speed-accuracy criterion was combined with the decrease in efficiency at the highest alcohol dose. © 1976 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1976-01-01,Article,"Jennings, J. Richard;Wood, Charles C.;Lawrence, Betsy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015728669,10.1177/0961463X15609806,Speed-accuracy tradeoff functions in choice reaction time: Experimental designs and computational procedures,"The paper studies two temporal metaphors, modern and poetic, encountered in a knowledge-based organization where they co-exist and conflict. It argues that the two metaphors are wedded to different discourses, i.e. to the macro-business and the micro-scientific discourse, respectively; hence, knowledge activities such as thinking and writing are increasingly rendered incomprehensible in commercialized research environments, and pushed at the margin of knowledge-work, since they prove difficult to measure and control. Practically, this implies a re-articulation of what innovation is and how to organize knowledge work. The paper explores the shortcomings linear metaphors of time bear when used to support radical innovation, and concludes by discussing the potentials of spiral time to structure work in knowledge organizations.",innovation management | knowledge work | Knowledge-based organization | organizational time | temporal metaphors,Time and Society,2017-03-01,Article,"Asimakou, Theodora",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0016800189,,Time pressure in decision making: Experimental findings on behavior under stress [ZEITDRUCK IN ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROZESSEN. EXPERIMENTALERGEBNISSE ZUM VERHALTEN UNTER STRESS],"When symptoms of stress appear to multiply, the view (shared by medical practitioners, psychologists and social therapists alike) that a system challenged by stress develops responses which will restore and preserve its equilibrium is of special interest. In order to establish and test this theory in detail, a series of experiments to investigate the behavior of decision makers, drawn from university students and business managers, was conducted by way of a sophisticated management game, with the first and last 3 periods of each series (game) subject to a strict time limit but with no restrictions imposed on the 4 intervening ones. With the aid of these experiments, the problem solving behavior of those who participated was analyzed in terms of performance, information and coordination (team work). Under time pressure activity is significantly curtailed, i.e. frills are cut out. Communication is equally limited to the bare minimum demanded by social and intellectual decency. The level of performance shows that some performance categories are more stress sensitive than others, the worst to suffer being time keeping, passage of information and critical reappraisal of the strategy being pursued. Time pressure and information behavior: the volume of information, i.e. the flow of supporting data for a given policy or strategy, is drastically reduced. Requests for additional data remain reasonably precise all the same. Another aspect of information quality, depth and range of the data provided, is equally unaffected. Team work behavior under time pressure: persistence in pursuing a given objective is not affected, i.e. is stress insensitive. Planning to ensure an efficient division of labor is severely whittled down. So is the concerted action taken to prevent the problem solving process from overrunning its time limit. The experiment's principal findings concerning behavior under stress may be summarized. Stress is by no means bound to be harmful. There are various techniques, or modes of behavior, to overcome it. The extent to which it is overcome varies, however, according to the countermeasures taken. In the final analysis, this is a function of the value, in terms of economic benefits, attached to the decision to be arrived at.",,Management International Review,1975-01-01,Article,"Bronner, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001026839,10.1037/h0037186,"The harassed decision maker: Time pressures, distractions, and the use of evidence","Investigated dominant simplifying strategies people use in adapting to different information processing environments. It was hypothesized that judges operating under either time pressure or distraction would systematically place greater weight on negative evidence than would their counterparts under less strainful conditions. 6 groups of male undergraduates (N = 210) were presented 5 pieces of information to assimilate in evaluating cars as purchase options. 3 groups operated under varying time pressure conditions, while 3 groups operated under varying levels of distraction. Data usage models assuming disproportionately heavy weighting of negative evidence provided best fits to a signficantly higher number of Ss in the high time pressure and moderate distraction conditions. Ss attended to fewer data dimensions in these conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1974 American Psychological Association.","time pressure & distraction, weighting of positive vs negative information in decision making, male college students",Journal of Applied Psychology,1974-10-01,Article,"Wright, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930584470,10.1177/0038038514542121,"Stimulus intensity, catch trial effects, and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in reaction time: A variable criterion theory interptation","Employee temporal flexibility is a common strategy aimed at assisting workers to reduce conflict between work and family life. Information and communication technologies can facilitate this by enabling employees to attend to various personal life matters during the workday. Critical to utilising such flexibility is a degree of autonomy over how work time can be used. However, in organisational settings, such autonomy is tempered by structural and normative constraints. This article examines how environments of constrained autonomy affect employees’ ability to use time flexibly. Case study data of engineers and managers working in the telecommunications industry is presented. This reveals two findings. Firstly, environments of constrained autonomy limit when during the workday employees can engage in personal mediated communications. Secondly, when personal time is inserted into such contexts, the quantitative and qualitative character of this time is affected.",flexibility | ICTs | time | work-personal life relationship,Sociology,2015-06-09,Article,"Rose, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0016162571,10.3758/BF03196915,Speed-accuracy tradeoff in double stimulation: Effects on the first response,"A single-stimulation and two double-stimulation response conditions were compared using explicit payoff matrices to vary speed-accuracy tradeoff. Under accuracy payoff, response latency (RT 1) to the first stimulus increased as ISI dropped but accuracy remained high and relatively constant. Under speed payoff, RT 1 was only slightly affected by ISI but accuracy dropped as ISI decreased. Transmitted information rates consistently reflected detrimental effects of short ISI. In double stimulation, but not in single stimulation, error response latency exceeded correct response latency. Furthermore, error response latencies were found to be far more variable and more sensitive to changes in speed-accuracy condition than were correct response latencies. Finally, under both speed and accuracy conditions, response latency to the first of two successive stimuli was faster if a response was also required to the second stimulus. Implications of the data for possible models of double-stimulation speed-accuracy tradeoff are considered. © 1974 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Memory & Cognition,1974-05-01,Article,"Knight, James L.;Kantowitz, Barry H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0016121260,10.1016/0001-6918(74)90042-0,Speed-accuracy tradeoff models for auditory detection with deadlines,"Two neural models for response latency in auditory signal detection are considered: the Timing model of Luce and Green (1972) and a modified counting model based on that of McGill (1967). The modified counting model is described in some detail. The experimental situation to which the models are applied is one where a deadline in response time is enforced on signal trials only or on noise trials only, the condition of deadlines on both cases having previously been studied by Green and Luce (1973). The results for mean latencies of the various categories of response, together with response probabilities, favour either the counting model or a dual process model. Data for ROC curves indicate either the operation of a dual process model or that the 'interval of uncertainty' of the counting model may vary with bias position. Some consideration is also given to the possibility of differential residual response time components and it is concluded that such components may be important in the deadline situation. © 1974.",,Acta Psychologica,1974-01-01,Article,"Pike, Ray;McFarland, Ken;Dalgleish, Len",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973915625,10.1016/j.lrp.2016.04.001,"Cooperation, Competition, and the Effects of Time Pressure in Canada and India","In this study, we analyze how time pressure affects coordination between temporary projects and permanent organizations involved in public infrastructure projects. Prior research has shown that time pressure can yield both benefits and challenges to the realization of projects. Unraveling the challenges, we identify three interrelating factors that constrain coordination: the political context of public projects, time pressure within temporary projects, and the nature of transactive memory within permanent organizations. Our study offers a more comprehensive conceptualization of project coordination by including temporary project teams, permanent organizations, and the political context in the analysis. In doing so, we strengthen understanding of pacing by revealing how political pressure and political priorities increase the work pace of temporary projects, thereby constraining the coordination between fast-paced projects and slower-paced, permanent organizations. Finally, our study contributes to literature on strategic knowledge coordination by explaining how the differentiated nature of transactive memory across organizational settings inhibits timely coordination.",,Long Range Planning,2016-12-01,Article,"van Berkel, Freek J.F.W.;Ferguson, Julie E.;Groenewegen, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883072934,10.1037/h0033497,Speed/accuracy trade off and practice as determinants of stage durations in a memory-search task,"Ultimately, education reform probably has to be judged in economic terms in order for significant financial resources to be applied. Yet there seems to have been relatively little discussion of economic factors in engineering education research. This paper outlines an approach for discussing the economic factors in engineering education that might provide valuable insights for researchers. While cost factors are reasonably easy to identify and some can be quantified, the benefits of education are much harder to define, let alone measure. Research studies provide evidence that there is little relationship between academic and on-the-job performance by engineers, and, as yet, there are no well accepted measures of education and learning quality. This paper argues that the investment in training, professional development, and productivity opportunity costs made by an enterprise in the early years of an engineer's career could provide a proxy measure for the effectiveness of engineering education.",,"Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2011, REES 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Trevelyan, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039505195,10.3758/BF03328752,On the locus of the speed/accuracy tradeoff,"A statistically significant interaction between visual noise level and accuracy level was obtained for reaction time data in the Sternberg choice reaction task. This suggests that the speed/accuracy tradeoff is localized in the initial stimulus encoding stage of processing, specifically in a stimulus sampling operation. A slower stimulus sampling rate was found under visual noise than was found with a noise-free display. © 1972, The Psychonomic Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.",,Psychonomic Science,1972-01-01,Article,"Briggs, George E.;Shinar, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930812714,10.1007/s10551-014-2524-x,Effects of Time Pressure on the Management of Aggression in TAT Stories,"Corrupt regulatory environment encourages firms to deploy middlemen for speedy and assured acquisition of different services from regulatory agencies. Using a World Bank dataset of 2210 Indian manufacturing firms, this article examines how firms with middlemen deal with corrupt governmental agencies for its operational efficiency. Our results demonstrate that deployment of middlemen by the firms is often accompanied by a substantial increase in operational delay, relatively trigger more consumption of senior management’s time on regulatory disentanglement, enhance the likelihood/tendency to pay bribe, and likely to face more court cases as a means of restitution of legal rights. As firm-specific attributes may contaminate our preliminary results, we utilized the propensity score framework to examine relationships among variables of interests. Our study contributes to the inconspicuous part of the corruption literature by attempting to present a comprehensive but indirect assessment of the functions of middlemen that predominantly remained unattended except some scattered descriptive, case-based anecdotal presentations.",Corporate governance | Indian manufacturing | Middlemen corruption | Propensity score estimation | Regulatory constraints,Journal of Business Ethics,2017-03-01,Article,"Biswas, Malay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001795731,10.1016/0030-5073(72)90045-1,Time pressure and performance of scientists and engineers: A five-year panel study,"Time pressure experienced by scientists and engineers predicted positively to several aspects of performance including usefulness, innovation, and productivity. Higher time pressure was associated with above average performance during the following five years, even when supervisory status, education, and seniority were controlled. Performance, however, did not predict well to subsequent reports of time pressure, suggesting a possible causal relationship from pressure to performance. High performing scientists also desired more pressure. Innovation and productivity (but not usefulness) were low if the pressure experienced was markedly above that desired. The five-year panel data derived from approximately. 100 scientists in a NASA laboratory. Some theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. © 1972.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1972-01-01,Article,"Andrews, Frank M.;Farris, George F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000224099,10.1016/0022-2496(71)90011-3,Correction for fast guessing and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in choice reaction time,"In choice reaction time tasks, response latency varies as the subject changes his bias for speed vs accuracy; this is the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Ollman's Fast Guess model provides a mechanism for this tradeoff by allowing the subject to vary his probability of making a guess response rather than a stimulus controlled response (SCR). It is shown that the mean latency of SCR's (μs) in two-choice experiments can be estimated from a single session, regardless of how the subject adjusts his guessing probability. Three experiments are reported in which μs apparently remained virtually constant despite tradeoffs in which accuracy varied from chance to near-perfect. From the standpoint of the Fast Guess model, this result is interpreted to mean that the tradeoff here was produced almost entirely by mixing different proportions of fast guesses and constant (mean) latency SCR's. The final sections of the paper discuss the question of what other models might be compatible with μs invariance. © 1971.",,Journal of Mathematical Psychology,1971-01-01,Article,"Yellott, John I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84956754478,10.4018/978-1-4666-4916-3.ch012,Danger of simplification. Time pressure in television presentations may lead to nonsense [Tücke der Simplifizierung. Zeitdruck bei Fernsehsendungen kann zu Unsinn führen.],"Any account of the rhetoric of digital spaces should begin not with the provocation that rhetoric is impoverished and requires fresh import to account for new media technologies, but instead with a careful analysis of what is different about how digital technologies afford or constrain certain utterances, interactions, and actions. Only then might one begin to articulate prospects of a digital rhetoric. This chapter examines the importance of time to an understanding the rhetoric of digital spaces. It suggests that rhetorical notions of kairos and chronos provide an important reminder that it is the rhetorical situation, along with rhetorical actors at individual to institutional levels, that construct the discursive spaces within which people participate, even in digitally-mediated environments.",,Digital Rhetoric and Global Literacies: Communication Modes and Digital Practices in the Networked World,2015-09-21,Book Chapter,"Kelly, Ashley Rose;Autry, Meagan Kittle;Mehlenbacher, Brad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869133979,10.1145/1056808.1056837,"The effect of time pressure, time elapsed, and the opponent's concession rate on behavior in negotiation","The goal of this work is two-fold: (1) propose a model of communication initiation and response, and (2) evaluate the utility of a set of technology interventions based on that model for coordinating communication. The contribution to the field of HCI will be useful recommendations for the design of electronic communication systems.",Awareness | Coordination | Human attention | Interruption,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dabbish, Laura A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976382083,10.1177/0961463X15572175,Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Reaction Time: Effect of Discrete Criterion Times,"This paper uses data from the healthcare sector to explore how clock time organization influences therapeutic performance. The case of a pediatric physiotherapist offers an important opportunity to examine how clock time, mediated by a variety of organizational and social systems, imposes limitations to the individual activity, in terms of learning, experimenting, and innovating. Social, cultural, institutional, and organizational layers have developed around this universal time reference. They impose an in-depth and taken for granted time discipline on organizational actors. The job of the physiotherapist conflicts with this clock time discipline when she has to respond to the evolving needs of her patients. Based on her expertise, the therapist decides on the necessary care, including duration and frequency of treatment. The measured time allocation imposed by the healthcare system and the time-based reward system generate pressure on, and interfere with, the unfolding activity. The study illustrates how the therapist escapes these multiple constraints and how this enables her to focus on the therapeutic acts. Taking the therapeutic process as temporal reference reveals the impact of clock time discipline on the unfolding therapeutic activity. I conclude that open-ended activities are inhibited and distorted by this socially constructed time not only because they cannot unfold but also because the temporal framing prevents deliberation and initiative.",Clock time | exploration | learning | open-ended task | task centered | time centered | time discipline,Time and Society,2016-07-01,Article,"van Wijk, Gilles",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0014074714,10.1037/h0024441,"VERBAL ASSOCIATIVE STABILITY AND COMMONALITY AS A FUNCTION OF STRESS IN SCHIZOPHRENICS, NEUROTICS, AND NORMALS","4 ASSOCIATIONS TO EACH OF 16 STIMULUS WORDS, 8 JUDGED TO BE ANXIETY WORDS AND 8 NEUTRAL WORDS, WERE OBTAINED UNDER RELAXED AND TIME-PRESSURE CONDITIONS FROM EACH OF 40 SCHIZOPHRENICS, 32 NEUROTICS, AND 27 NORMALS ON 2 SUCCESSIVE DAYS. SCHIZOPHRENICS AND NEUROTICS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS STABLE THAN NORMALS IN THEIR ASSOCIATIONS, AND SCHIZOPHRENICS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS STABLE THAN NEUROTICS IN THEIR RESPONSES TO ANXIETY WORDS. TIME PRESSURE MADE SCHIZOPHRENICS EVEN LESS STABLE AND NEUROTICS MORE STABLE. THE ASSOCIATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENICS WERE MORE UNCOMMON THAN THOSE OF NEUROTICS OR NORMALS. ALL GROUPS GAVE MORE UNCOMMON RESPONSES WHEN RESPONDING TO ANXIETY WORDS AS COMPARED TO CONTROL WORDS. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT A PARTIAL DISORGANIZATION OF VERBAL HABITS IS AN ASPECT OF SCHIZOPHRENIC THOUGHT DISTURBANCE, AND THE RESULTS ARE CONSISTENT WITH A RESPONSE-STRENGTH CEILING INTERPRETATION OF THIS DISORGANIZATION. (19 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1967 American Psychological Association.","STABILITY & COMMONALITY, ANXIETY VS NEUTRAL WORDS, TIME PRESSURE, SCHIZOPHRENIC & NORMALS & NEUROTICS",Journal of Consulting Psychology,1967-04-01,Article,"Storms, Lowell H.;Broen, William E.;LEVIN, IRWIN P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0014015891,,Voiding time-pressure event phenomena in voluntary voiding in females.,,,American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,1966-03-15,Article,"Hodgkinson, C. P.;Hodari, A. A.;Wong, S. T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84964193451,10.1177/107769906604300301,Decision-Making by a Reporter under Deadline Pressure,"Observation of a reporter working under the pressures of a Supreme Court decision day yields a minute-by-minute diary and suggestions as to how a newsman evaluates and writes stories under a deadline. © 1966, Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication. All rights reserved.",,Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,1966-01-01,Article,"Grey, David L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040376455,10.1037/h0047898,"Social desirability, item-response time, and item significance","Pathological personality item responses have been shown to relate to the social desirability scale values of test items. It was hypothesized that both social desirability and pathological item-response frequency might vary as a function of the time permitted to answer test items. Two groups of Ss were administered the items of the Maslow, Birch, Honigman, McGrath, Plason, and Stein Security-Insecurity Inventory. Social desirability scale values for the items were established. Maximal reading time required for each item was also determined, and both groups were permitted to view each item for the same established length of time. 1 group was allowed 2 sec., the other group 10 sec. for each response. It was observed that time pressure reduced the number of pathological item responses, and that items scaled either high or low in social desirability tended to be answered in the socially desirable direction under time pressure. Females generally provided more critical or pathological item responses than did males. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1964 American Psychological Association.","ITEM SIGNIFICANCE | PERSONALITY MEASUREMENT | SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, TIME PRESSURE EFFECTS ON, &",Journal of Consulting Psychology,1964-10-01,Article,"Sutherland, Beverly V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002773360,10.1037/h0039877,The effects of task complexity and time pressure upon team productivity,"Using 72 college students as Ss, team productivity was studied under a contract with the Office of Naval Research. 24 3-man teams performed assembly tasks under 2 levels of difficulty and 3 levels of time pressure. The task should be complex enough to reduce boredom but not exceed a moderate acceleration of time pressure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1960 American Psychological Association.","GROUP, PRODUCTIVITY, TASK COMPLEXITY & | GROUP, PRODUCTIVITY, TIME PRESSURE & | INDUSTRY | STRESS, GROUP PRODUCTIVITY & | TASK, COMPLEXITY, GROUP PRODUCTIVITY & | TIME, PRESSURE, GROUP PRODUCTIVITY &",Journal of Applied Psychology,1960-02-01,Article,"Pepinsky, Pauline N.;Pepinsky, Harold B.;Pavlik, William B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149454662,10.1037/h0041429,Schizophrenic-like responses in normal subjects under time pressure,"""It was hypothesized that the conceptual performance of normal Ss working under time pressure would deteriorate as a result of an increase in associative intrusions, and would thus more nearly resemble the performance of schizophrenics. Twenty-eight Ss were given a conceptual card sorting task in which for each sorting choice there were three alternatives, one of which was the correct conceptual response, one an associative distracter, and one which was neither, called . . . the irrelevant response . . .. increasing the speed of response produced an increase in an schizophrenic-like kind of error."" (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1960 American Psychological Association.","PERFORMANCE, STRESS & | PERSONALITY | STRESS, CONCEPTUAL PERFORMANCE &",Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,1960-01-01,Article,"Usdansky, George;Chapman, Loren J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149443201,10.1037/h0045863,A microgenetic approach to word association,"3 experiments were conducted to test certain general hypotheses derived from a microgenetic approach to word association. Association responses given under time pressure were compared with those given without time pressure in groups of college students. Word associations of schizophrenics and a group of hospital aides were similarly compared without time pressure. The results in part supported the hypothesis that word associations of the college students performing under time pressure would differ from those of the Ss without time pressure in the same way that responses of the schizophrenics would differ from those of the aides. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1958 American Psychological Association.","ASSOCIATION, WORD, TIME PRESSURE EFFECT IN | COLLEGE STUDENT, WORD ASSOCIATION OF | DIAGNOSIS & | EVALUATION | SCHIZOPHRENIA, WORD ASSOCIATION IN | STRESS, TIME, PRESSURE AS, WORD ASSOCIATION WITH",Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,1958-07-01,Article,"Flavell, John H.;Draguns, Juris;Feinberg, Leonard D.;Budin, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951867219,10.1109/ICSE.2015.335,Measuring of high short-time pressures by means of the photographic pressure effect,"Good software engineers are essential to the creation of good software. However, most of what we know about softwareengineering expertise are vague stereotypes, such as 'excellent communicators' and 'great teammates'. The lack of specificity in our understanding hinders researchers from reasoning about them, employers from identifying them, and young engineers from becoming them. Our understanding also lacks breadth: what are all the distinguishing attributes of great engineers (technical expertise and beyond)? We took a first step in addressing these gaps by interviewing 59 experienced engineers across 13 divisions at Microsoft, uncovering 53 attributes of great engineers. We explain the attributes and examine how the most salient of these impact projects and teams. We discuss implications of this knowledge on research and the hiring and training of engineers.",Expertise | Software engineers | Teamwork,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2015-08-12,Conference Paper,"Li, Paul Luo;Ko, Andrew J.;Zhu, Jiamin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85072490548,10.4271/430159,Problems in wood aircraft,"PRESENT-DAY efforts to produce wood aircraft in large quantities have uncovered many new problems, for wood has certain peculiarities that must be taken into consideration by the engineer, if he is to design structures that make full use of the benefits to be derived from wood. Attempts to take advantage of the high tensile strength of wood will lead to failures in shear, because loads theoretically in tension practically always have shear components that are great enough to overcome the low shear strength of wood. Moisture content also has a great effect on the strength of wood; and the moisture equilibrium of a piece of wood will vary with the relative humidity and temperature to which it is exposed. Mr. Peterson discusses some of the problems confronting the wood aircraft manufacturer under three headings: fabrication, static testing, and detail design. The fabrication of wood structures revolves around the production of strong glue joints. Sufficient glue spread on surfaces that have been carefully smoothed, and a correct balance between temperature, pressure, and glue consistency at the time pressure is applied are the basic requirements. The problem of ""reducing"" static-test data for wood structures is very difficult and cannot be associated with the more-or-less standard correction procedures that have been established for metal structures. Certain factors that affect the strength of wood tend to affect one another, and corrections to static-test data for complete wood structures are unnecessary, provided some control is maintained over the specific gravity of the material in the test article. Lack of knowledge of plywood strength and elastic properties, and poor detail design practices are responsible for the somewhat poor reputation that wood aircraft structures have acquired recently. Both of these items will be overcome as a background of design information and experience is obtained similar to that already available for metal structures.",,SAE Technical Papers,1943-01-01,Conference Paper,"Peterson, Ivar C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85060127288,10.1007/s12205-019-2056-0,Logistic Regression Modeling to Determine Projects impacted by Schedule Compression,"The competitive market realities in industrial environments demand timely completion of construction projects making time conservation a major concern for both owners and contractors. And the unpredictability of a construction project often leads to disputes followed by litigations between owners and contractors. Schedule compression is a common practice to achieve this timely completion of projects, however, can have detrimental consequences in terms of labor productivity and subsequent cost increase. Loss of productivity, however, is difficult to quantify especially when stemming from compressed schedule. Numerous researchers and trade associations have developed productivity factors to quantify the impact of schedule compression on labor productivity, but there has not been a method to quantitatively determine whether the project was impacted by schedule compression or not. This paper introduces a logistic regression impact model by analyzing the quantitative definition of schedule compression. The model will enable the user to determine if the schedule compression resulted in productivity loss or not. Based on the analysis of eight different factors, the logistic model will allow contractors and owners to determine the probability of a project being impacted by schedule compression.",construction project management | labor productivity | logistic regression | model developing | schedule compression,KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2019-04-01,Article,"Chang, Chul Ki;Hanna, Awad S.;Woo, Sungkwon;Cho, Chung Suk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85030620021,10.1057/9781137006004,Negative total float to improve a multi-objective integer non-linear programming for project scheduling compression,,,Expanding the Boundaries of Work-Family Research: A Vision for the Future,2013-01-01,Book Chapter,"Stepanova, Olena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85050925747,10.7782/JKSR.2018.21.3.316,Optimization based compression model of train schedule for assessing track capacity,"This paper presents a mathematical method of compressing a train schedule to assess capacity of railway track. This model makes it possible to consider the effects of various stop-patterns (e.g., stop-stop, pass-pass, stop-pass, pass-stop) as well as effects of siding facility in a targeted station on the capacity of the track. The model presents results of experimental assessment for domestic HSR lines. This paper is motivated by the problem of the precondition that a specific train schedule must be given in previous assessments using the UIC 406 method [1]. The focus of the problem is that the specific train schedule cannot represent all possible train schedules operable on the targeting track; it can perform just a single case of utilization of the track. The representative nature of this problem was discussed in detail in [2]. The originality of the model lies in resolving the representative nature of the problem. Based on experimental assessment, the model is expected to be an alternative of high potential.",Line capacity | Schedule compression | UIC 406,Journal of the Korean Society for Railway,2018-04-01,Article,"Oh, Suk Mun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85042745554,10.3390/su10030701,"Ensuring efficient incentive and disincentive values for highway construction projects: A systematic approach balancing road user, agency and contractor acceleration costs and savings","United States State Highway Agencies (SHAs) use Incentive/Disincentives (I/D) to minimize negative impacts of construction on the traveling public through construction acceleration. Current I/D practices have the following short-comings: not standardized, over- or under-compensate contractors, lack of auditability result in disincentives that leave SHAs vulnerable to contractor claims and litigation and are based on agency costs/savings rather than contractor acceleration. Presented within this paper is an eleven-step I/D valuation process. The processes incorporate a US-nationwide RUC and agency cost calculation program, CA4PRS and a time-cost tradeoff I/D process. The incentive calculation used is the summation of the contractor acceleration and a reasonable contractor bonus (based on shared agency savings) with an optional reduction of contractor's own saving from schedule compression (acceleration). The process has a capability to be used both within the US and internationally with minor modifications, relies on historical costs, is simple and is auditable and repeatable. As such, it is a practical tool for optimizing I/D amounts and bridges the gap in existing literature both by its industry applicability, integrating the solution into existing SHA practices and its foundation of contractor acceleration costs.",Agency cost | CA4PRS | Highway rehabilitation and reconstruction | Incentives and disincentives | Optimizing model | Road user cost | Schedule analysis | Time-cost tradeoff,Sustainability (Switzerland),2018-03-05,Article,"Lee, Eul Bum;Alleman, Douglas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85045187329,10.1145/3162018,Improving energy efficiency of coarse-Grain reconfigurable arrays through modulo schedule compression/Decompression,"Modulo-scheduled course-grain reconfigurable array (CGRA) processors excel at exploiting loop-level parallelism at a high performance per watt ratio. The frequent reconfiguration of the array, however, causes between 25% and 45% of the consumed chip energy to be spent on the instruction memory and fetches therefrom. This article presents a hardware/software codesign methodology for such architectures that is able to reduce both the size required to store the modulo-scheduled loops and the energy consumed by the instruction decode logic. The hardware modifications improve the spatial organization of a CGRA’s execution plan by reorganizing the configuration memory into separate partitions based on a statistical analysis of code. A compiler technique optimizes the generated code in the temporal dimension by minimizing the number of signal changes. The optimizations achieve, on average, a reduction in code size of more than 63% and in energy consumed by the instruction decode logic by 70% for a wide variety of application domains. Decompression of the compressed loops can be performed in hardware with no additional latency, rendering the presented method ideal for low-power CGRAs running at high frequencies. The presented technique is orthogonal to dictionary-based compression schemes and can be combined to achieve a further reduction in code size.",Coarse-grain reconfigurable array | Code compression | Energy reduction,ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization,2018-03-01,Article,"Lee, Hochan;Moghaddam, Mansureh S.;Suh, Dongkwan;Egger, Bernhard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951715646,10.1504/IJHRDM.2004.004492,"We never built small modular reactors (SMRs), but what do we know about modularization in construction?","Time pressure is often experienced as an individual problem requiring individual coping strategies. Our research studies time pressure as a historically constructed phenomenon and as a collective developmental challenge of controlling time. Our empirical case concerns the work of home-care workers on sauna-visiting day in an old people’s home. The workers felt this work to be very busy and stressful. A historical analysis of the sauna-visiting day and an empirical analysis showed the contradictions in this activity. By developing their work collectively with the taxi driver who provides transportation for the sauna clients, the home-care workers succeeded in coping proactively with the time pressure on sauna-visiting day. © 2004 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",activity system | activity theory and developmental work research | contradictions | craft work | home-care workers | mass production | process enhancement | time pressure,International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management,2004-01-01,Article,"Niemelä, Anna Liisa;Launis, Kirsti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85059291006,,An enhanced critical path method to solve time-cost TradeOff using Type-2 Pentagonal Fuzzy numbers,,,,,,"Sakthi Priya N.P., Selva Kumari K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029819270,10.1016/j.autcon.2017.09.006,Modelling the boundaries of project fast-tracking,"Fast-tracking a project involves carrying out sequential activities in parallel, partially overriding their original order of precedence, to reduce the overall project duration. The current predominant mathematical models of fast-tracking are based on the concepts of activity sensitivity, evolution, dependency and, sometimes, information exchange uncertainty, and aim to determine optimum activity overlaps. However, these models require some subjective inputs from the scheduler and most of them neglect the merge event bias. In this paper, a stochastic model for schedule fast-tracking is proposed. Relevant findings highlight the existence of a pseudo-physical barrier that suggests that the possibility of shortening a schedule by more than a quarter of its original duration is highly unlikely. The explicit non-linear relationship between cost and overlap has also been quantified for the first time. Finally, manual calculations using the new model are compared with results from a Genetic Algorithm through a case study.",Activity crashing | Activity overlap | Concurrent engineering | Fast-tracking | Schedule compression | Scheduling,Automation in Construction,2017-12-01,Article,"Ballesteros-Pérez, Pablo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85006293474,10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01703,"Rapid, evolutionary, reliable, scalable system and software development: The resilient agile process","The implication of spontaneous and induced unhappiness to people's decision style is examined. It is postulated that unhappy individuals have a greater tendency to avoid frequent losses because these can have depleting effects, and unhappy individuals are more sensitive to such effects. This is evaluated in Study 1 by using an annoying customer call manipulation to induce negative affect; and by examining the effect of this manipulation on choices in an experiential decision task (the Iowa Gambling task). In Study 2 we examined the association between self-reported (un)happiness and choices on the same decision task. In Study 1 the induction of negative affect led to avoidance of choice alternatives with frequent losses, compared to those yielding rarer but larger losses. Specifically, this pertained to the advantageous alternatives with frequent vs. non-frequent losses. In Study 2 unhappiness was similarly associated with less exposure to frequent losses; while extreme high happiness was associated with no tendency to avoid frequent losses when these were part of an advantageous alternative. The findings clarify the role of happiness in decision making processes by indicating that unhappiness induces sensitivity to the frequency rather than to the total effect of negative events.",Decisions from experience | Emotions | Happiness | Individual differences | Rare events,Frontiers in Psychology,2016-11-02,Article,"Yechiam, Eldad;Telpaz, Ariel;Krupenia, Stas;Rafaeli, Anat",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992170375,10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000587,Work-Package Planning and Schedule Optimization for Projects with Evolving Constraints,"Planning and scheduling are challenging processes, particularly for projects with continuously evolving requirements and constraints such as design-build and turnkey projects. In the literature, schedule optimization models can only handle predefined activities and fixed constraints. To better support dynamic projects, this paper proposes a flexible constraint programming (CP) framework that optimizes schedules both at the early planning stage and immediately before construction. At the early planning stage, the model selects among alternative network paths and construction methods to determine the most suitable work packages for the project. Later as more constraints become refined, the optimization model helps to meet the persistent milestones, deadlines, and resource limits, using a variety of activity-crashing strategies without changing the committed construction methods. Experimenting with a case study proved the flexibility of the model, its unique support for planning, and its ability to consider evolving project constraints. The proposed model contributes to developing automated decision support systems for cost effectively meeting the evolving schedule constraints.",Acceleration | Constraint programming | Construction | Crashing | Optimization | Overlapping | Schedule compression,Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2016-11-01,Article,"Abuwarda, Zinab;Hegazy, Tarek",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68349119186,10.1016/j.scaman.2009.04.002,No-wait packet scheduling for IEEE time-sensitive networks (TSN),,,Scandinavian Journal of Management,2009-01-01,Note,"Styhre, Alexander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945725782,10.1504/IJBHR.2012.051392,Unit modular in-fill construction method for high-rise buildings,"The present study examines the varying impacts of health, environmental, and organisational factors on organisational role stress. It uses survey data from 483 respondents representing the private and public banking sectors in Goa, India. Analysis shows that environmental factors, health practices, and demographics such as age, salary, and length of service are strong predictors of reduction in organisational role stress. Also, married couples experience less stress and females are subject to higher stress than males. The study adds to the evidence that environmental, health, and demographics at workplace are potential explanatory variables in finding lasting cures for workplace stress. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",banking | culture | demographics | environmental factors | health practices | India,International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research,2012-01-01,Article,"Fernandes, Christo F.V.;Mekoth, Nandakumar;Kumar, Satish;George, Babu P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85014064071,,Fast-tracking and crashing projects: Comprehensive analysis of reasons and of implementation strategies,"Despite how frequent it is to have to fast-track and/or crash a project, not much has been published in general relative to these activities. In relative terms, the literature available on these topics is not commensurate with their actual presence in project management. The majority of the papers written on shortening project schedules have been in the construction sector, although a number of their findings and recommendations can easily be extrapolated to other domains. This paper addresses in a comprehensive way the need for compressing or shortening project schedule. Many different reasons originating at either customer or contractor are identified, a number of which usually go undetected. The many strategies that can be followed to fast-track or crash a project are reviewed, relying in part on the classification of the project in the novelty-pace-technology-pace framework. All stages are illustrated with real industry cases. The comprehensive analysis of project schedule compression, the cases presented and the drawn conclusions and recommendations are valuable inputs to all project managers, many of which will face the need to accelerate the speed at which they execute their projects.",Crashing | Fast-tracking | Management | Project | Risks | Schedule compression | Strategies,"2016 International Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Management, ASEM 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sols, Alberto",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930837775,,AHP-based schedule compression method for network planning,"Schedule compression is commonly needed in construction management. Currently, a wide range of methods for schedule compression have been developed in the literature. Almost all these methods consider only cost in the process of determining optimal sequence for activities. But in fact, other factors beyond cost in schedule compression, such as resource availability, risk, and complexity, should have been attributed to the limited use of existing methods. This paper presents a new method for schedule compression of construction projects using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This method adopts a multi-objective decision environment in which activities are queued for crashing based on the preferred coefficient calculated by considering resource, risk, and cost. Finally, an example is analyzed to demonstrate the specific optimization procedure. In comparison with the traditional methods, a more objective, comprehensive and accurate preferred coefficient can be achieved, which gives decision makers better optimization solutions to meet the actual needs.",Analytical hierarchy process | Construction management | Scaling function | Schedule compression,Shuili Fadian Xuebao/Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015-02-25,Article,"Wang, Renchao;Chen, Jianyou;Tian, Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018257653,10.1145/3025453.3025538,Small habitat commonality reduces cost for human mars missions,"Users have access to a growing ecosystem of devices (desktop, mobile and wearable) that can deliver notifications and help people to stay in contact. Smartwatches are gaining popularity, yet little is known about the user experience and their impact on our increasingly always online culture. We report on a qualitative study with existing users on their everyday use of smartwatches to understand both the added value and the challenges of being constantly connected at the wrist. Our findings show that users see a large benefit in receiving notifications on their wrist, especially in terms of helping manage expectations of availability. Moreover, we find that response rates after viewing a notification on a smartwatch change based on the other devices available: Laptops prompt quicker replies than smartphones. Finally, there are still many costs associated with using smartwatch-es, thus we make a series of design recommendations to improve the user experience of smartwatches.",Autoethnography | Context-aware | Cross-device interaction | Device ecologies | Multidevice experience | Notifications | Smartwatches | User experience | Wearable,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2017-05-02,Conference Paper,"Cecchinato, Marta E.;Cox, Anna L.;Bird, Jon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897405731,10.1139/cjce-2013-0194,An evolutionary optimization method to determine optimum degree of activity accelerating and overlapping in schedule compression,"Compressing project schedule using activity accelerating and overlapping requires that an intensive time-cost trade-off analysis be carried out, to determine costs and benefits for each day of compression. However, the cost elements and implications of compression techniques differ significantly, since activity accelerating imposes extra direct cost whereas activity overlapping adds a risk of changes and rework. Such a trade-off becomes even more complicated in capital projects comprised of a large number of schedule activities and relationships. The variety of combinations of accelerating and overlapping of different activities in these complex networks can offer numerous possibilities for compression with various costs and potential risks. The lack of a reliable analytical tool for performing a precise cost-benefit analysis causes this critical task to be performed in a subjective manner during the planning stage of projects. The purpose of this paper is to present an advanced method using a multi-objective evolutionary optimization tool seeking the optimum degree of accelerating and overlapping during the schedule compression process. This optimization technique would be beneficial in maximizing project benefits while meeting the intended target dates.",Accelerating | Crashing | Genetic algorithms | Optimization | Overlapping | Schedule compression | Substitution,Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2014-01-01,Article,"Hazini, Kamran;Dehghan, Reza;Ruwanpura, Janaka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84906946520,10.1007/s12205-014-1466-2,Schedule compression in tunneling projects by adjusting workflow variability,"Usually, the tunneling operation is on a critical path in road or railroad construction projects. For minimizing project duration, this study identifies feasible work scenarios, builds simulation models for each scenario, and then analyzes the average duration per unit length of driving distance and efficiency of tunneling equipment. The tunnel work face is usually advanced as far as the ground condition allows the intention to finish the work earlier. As the rock type changes, however, the length per cycle advances, and the work cycle time varies accordingly. Therefore, workflow variability occurs. Workflow variability in tunnel construction operations brings with it waiting time for each work crew and results in delays in the work process. This study evaluates the effects of workflow variability and suggests an approach for shortening the duration of tunneling work by adjusting the driving length of each excavation in the case of two parallel tunnels, not a single tunnel. © 2014 Korean Society of Civil Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",lean concept | schedule compression | simulation | tunnel boring operations | work scenario | workflow variability,KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2014-01-01,Article,"Kim, Kyong Ju;Yun, Won Gun;Lee, Ju hyun;Kim, Kyoungmin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893539773,,Performance reporting using schedule compression index,"Considerable number of methods and procedures has been introduced for trending and progress reporting of engineering, procurement and construction projects. This paper introduces a novel method, designed to augment the set of indices for measuring schedule performance. The concept behind the developed method is to provide early warning by dynamically evaluating the schedule cumulative impact of construction projects. The proposed method is designed to highlight the gradual deterioration in schedule status resulting in a cumulative impact due to the aggregation of small delays encountered during the execution of non-critical activities, and can be used as an add-on utility to existing software systems that perform CPM scheduling. The proposed method is based on a developed formulation for quantification of the Schedule Compression Index, which takes into consideration the remaining project activities durations. The index is developed based on periodic comparisons of ""Current Schedules"" and the project ""Baseline Schedule"" using the summation of the remaining activities durations. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the application and capabilities of the developed method. It is expected that the developed index together with other schedule performance indices would be of value to decision makers and members of project teams.",Critical path method | Progress reporting | Schedule cumulative impact | Schedule performance,"ISARC 2013 - 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining, Held in Conjunction with the 23rd World Mining Congress",2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hussei, Bahaa;Moselhi, Osama",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884469004,10.1108/CI-03-2011-0010,Project schedule compression: A multi-objective methodology,"Purpose - This paper aims to present a new method to circumvent the limitations of current schedule compression methods which reduce schedule crashing to the traditional time-cost trade-off analysis, where only cost is considered. Design/methodology/approach - The schedule compression process is modeled as a multi-attributed decision making problem in which different factors contribute to priority setting for activity crashing. For this purpose, a modified format of the Multiple Binary Decision Method (MBDM) along with iterative crashing processisutilized. The method is implemented in MATLAB, withadynamic link to MS-Project to facilitate the needed iterative rescheduling. To demonstrate the use of the developed method and to present its capabilities, a numerical example drawn from literature was analysed. Findings - When considering cost only, the generated results were in good agreement with those generated using the harmony search (HS) method, particularly in capturing the project least-cost duration. However, when other factors in addition to cost were considered, as expected, different project least-cost and associated durations were obtained. Research limitations/implications - The developed method is not applicable, in its present formulation, to what is known as ""linear projects"" such as construction of highways and pipeline infrastructure projects which exhibit high degree of repetitive construction. Originality/value - The novelty of the developed method lies in its capacity to allow for the consideration of a number of factors in addition to cost in performing schedule compression. Also through its allowance for possible variations in the relative importance of these factors at the individual activity level, it provides contractors with flexibility to consider a number of compression execution plans and identifies the most suitable plan. Accordingly, it enables the integration of contractors' judgment and experience in the crashing process and permits consideration of different project environments and constraints. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Construction scheduling | Multi-attributed analysis | Project management | Schedule acceleration | Schedule compression | Time-cost trade-off,Construction Innovation,2013-09-26,Article,"Moselhi, Osama;Roofigari-Esfahan, Nazila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963490930,10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.037,Schedule compression using Fuzzy Set Theory and contractors judgment,"There is a growing interest in the correlation between working time and environmental pressures, but prior empirical studies were mostly focused on static methods within limited country groups. To fill the gap, this study aims to stimulate the discussion by distinguishing between different time periods for developed and developing country groups respectively. In particular, we contribute to a further understanding of the environmental effects of working time reduction policies by comparing the differences under the dynamic framework of system Generalized Method of Moments. We applied this dynamic panel regression approach for 55 countries worldwide over the period 1980-2010, and employing carbon emissions per capita as the environmental indicator. In general, results confirmed the significant relationship between hours of work and environmental impacts in developed economies, although this is not the case for the developing counterparts. Interestingly, the significant correlations for the developed country group turned from positive during the first sub-period (1980-2000) to negative during the second sub-period (2001-2010). Connecting these results with previous literature, we proposed the reasons of rebound energy use derived from certain leisure activities which were more energy-intensive if excessive non-working time provided.",Carbon emission per capita | Environmental pressure | Working time,Journal of Cleaner Production,2016-07-01,Article,"Shao, Qing Long;Rodríguez-Labajos, Beatriz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878021904,10.1139/cjce-2012-0380,A heuristic method to determine optimum degree of activity accelerating and overlapping in schedule compression,"Schedule compression is an attempt to reduce project durations for early delivery, or to catch up on occurred delays. This is usually performed using ""crashing"", ""overlapping"" and ""substitution"" of activities. ""Crashing"" is shortening task duration by adding more resource hours. ""Substitution"" is changing the method or tool by which the activity is performed. ""Overlapping"" is performing sequential activities in parallel. Few studies can be found in the literature that compare costs and benefits of each technique and recommend the optimum combination of these techniques in project schedules. In fact, the implications of each technique are inherently different since crashing and substitution impose extra cost whereas overlapping adds the risk of changes and rework. Therefore, it is a challenge to develop a reliable analytical tool for performing time-cost trade-offs using the three methods. There are also few studies in the literature to propose a practical method for performing schedule compression by combining these techniques. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these schedule compression techniques in detail, and present and validate a heuristic method to perform the combination of crashing, overlapping and substitution in a project schedule, to reach the maximum benefit while meeting the project target dates.",Acceleration | Crashing | Overlapping | Schedule compression,Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2013-02-01,Article,"Hazini, Kamran;Dehghan, Reza;Ruwanpura, Janaka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873421411,10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000121,Impact of crew scheduling on project performance,"Contractors have responded to the growing pressure from owners to shorten project duration by employing a variety of crew-scheduling techniques. Unfortunately, only a limited knowledge base exists for determining the impact of different crew schedules on project performance in terms of cost, duration, productivity, and safety. Standard crew schedules include those that require crews to work 40 h per week, including five 8-h days, four 10-h days, or a second shift. Overtime schedules are also common, which require crews to work additional hours beyond the standard 40 h per week. These overtime schedules include five 9-h days, six 8-h days, or five 10-h days. In addition to the standard and overtime schedules, several other crew-scheduling techniques have been used successfully by contractors. This paper presents the results of a study on the impact of crew-scheduling techniques on overall project performance. The paper identifies the proper application and conditions for successful use of various crew-scheduling techniques and provides a comprehensive comparison that outlines a variety of crew-scheduling options, along with their impact on labor efficiency, project duration, worker safety, and project cost. Contractors can use the results to aid them in the selection of a scheduling technique to best meet the specific requirements of a project. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.",Construction | Crew scheduling | Productivity | Safety | Schedule compression,Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction,2013-02-01,Article,"Hanna, Awad S.;Shapira, Aviad;El Asmar, Mounir;Taylor, Craig S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923163940,10.3850/978-981-07-5354-2-CPM-6-60,Enhancing schedule compression process using evolutionary optimization techniques,"Schedule compression is a method by which project duration is reduced for earlier completion and release of deliverables. This is usually performed using crashing, substitution and overlapping of activities. Crashing denotes shortening task duration by adding more resource hours, and substitution is to change the method or tool by which the activity is performed, with the intent of reducing the execution time. Overlapping is performing the sequential activities in parallel. Compressing a project schedule using these methods requires an intensive time-cost trade-off to be carried out, to analyze costs and benefits for each day of compression. However, the cost elements and implications of compression techniques are different since activity crashing and substitution usually impose extra cost, whereas activity overlapping instead adds a risk of changes and rework. Such a trade-off becomes even more complicated in capital projects consisting of a large number of schedule activities and relationships. Combinations of these compression techniques in complex networks offer numerous possible alternatives for compression, with various costs and potential risks. Lack of a reliable analytical tool for performing a precise cost-benefit analysis often causes this critical task to be performed in a subjectivemanner during the planning stage of projects. The purpose of this paper is to present an advanced method using a multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm that seeks the optimum degree of crashing/substitution and overlapping during the schedule compression process. This optimization technique would be beneficial in maximizing project benefits while meeting the intended target dates.",Crashing | Genetic algorithms | Optimization | Overlapping | Schedule compression,ISEC 2013 - 7th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: New Developments in Structural Engineering and Construction,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hazini, Kamran;Dehghan, Reza;Ruwanpura, Janaka Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84996430932,10.1057/9780230273993,Schedule compression warning tools,,,"Ways of Living: Work, Community and Lifestyle Choice",2009-11-18,Book Chapter,"Corwin, Vivien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987940340,10.1016/j.scaman.2016.08.004,Compression of Project Schedules using the Analytical Hierarchy Process,"This paper contributes to the debate on the career development of part-time workers. First, it shows how institutionalised norms concerning working hours and ambition can be considered as temporal structures that are both dynamic and contextual, and may both hinder and enable part-time workers’ career development. Second, it introduces the concept of ‘timing ambition’ to show how organizational actors (managers and part-time employees) actually approach these temporal structures. Based on focus-group interviews with part-time workers and supervisors in the Dutch service sector, the paper identifies four dimensions of timing ambition: timing ambition over the course of a lifetime; timing in terms of the number of weekly hours worked; timing in terms of overtime hours worked; and timing in terms of visible working hours. Although the dominant template in organisations implies that ambition is timed early in life, working full-time, devoting extra office hours and being present at work for face hours, organisational actors develop alternatives that enable career development later in life while working in large part-time jobs or comprised working weeks and devoting extra hours at home.",Ambition | Career | Life course | Part-time work | Temporal structures | Working hours,Scandinavian Journal of Management,2016-12-01,Article,"Bleijenbergh, Inge;Gremmen, Ine;Peters, Pascale",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84655162043,10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2157137,Managing Complex Mechatronics R&D: A Systems Design Approach,"To compress research and development (R&D) cycle times of high-tech mechatronic products with conformance performance metrics, managing R&D projects to allow engineers from electrical, mechanical, and manufacturing disciplines receive real-time design feedback and assessment are essential. In this paper, we propose a systems design procedure to integrate mechanical design, structure prototyping, and servo evaluation through careful comprehension of the servo-mechanical-prototype production cycle commonly employed in mechatronic industries. Our approach focuses on the Modal Parametric Identification of key feedback parameters for fast exchange of design specifications and information. This enables efficient conduct of product design evaluations, and supports schedule compression of the R&D project life cycle in the highly competitive consumer electronics industry. Using the commercial hard disk drive as a case example, we demonstrate how our approach allow inter-disciplinary specifications to be communicated among engineers from different backgrounds to speed up the R&D process for the next generation of intelligent manufacturing. This provides the management of technology team with powerful decision-making tools for project strategy formulation, and improvements in project outcome are potentially massive because of the low costs of change. © 2012, IEEE",Hard disk drives (HDDs) | integrated system design | mechatronics | modal parameters | research and development (R&D),"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A: Systems and Humans",2012-01-01,Article,"Pang, Chee Khiang;Lee, Tong Heng;Ng, Tsan Sheng;Lewis, Frank L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900824208,10.3917/rac.022.i,A systems design approach to manage mechatronics R&D,,,Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances,2014-01-01,Article,"Datchary, Caroline;Gaglio, Gérald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855804054,,Project schedule compression using multi-objective decision support methodology,"Schedule compression or acceleration is needed for a wide range of practical reasons such as meeting targeted completion dates and recovery from delays experienced during project execution. The challenge here is to perform such compression while satisfying a set of objectives and constraints, which may be of importance to contractors. Current methods for schedule compression, also known as time-cost trade-off methods, however, consider only cost. The lack of consideration of factors beyond cost has been attributed to the limited use, if any, of these methods in practice. This paper presents a new method that accounts for factors beyond cost in schedule compression such as resource availability, complexity and logistics, cash flow constraints, and the number of successors for the activity being considered for compression. The method utilizes Multiple Binary Decision Method (MBDM) and an iterative crashing algorithm. The method is flexible; allowing for consideration of different scenarios by assigning different levels of importance to the factors being considered in schedule compression. The developed methodology has been implemented in MATLAB with a dynamic linkage to MS-Project which facilitates data transfer between the commercially available scheduling software and the developed crashing algorithm. Example projects from literature were analyzed to validate the proposed methodology and demonstrate how the results could differ by considering, in addition to cost, factors related to judgment and experience of contractors.",,"Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Moselhi, Osama;Roofigari, Nazila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982217664,10.1177/1948550616649239,Optimization of activity crashing and overlapping in schedule compression,"Money and time are both scarce resources that people believe would bring them greater happiness. But would people prefer having more money or more time? And how does one’s preference between resources relate to happiness? Across studies, we asked thousands of Americans whether they would prefer more money or more time. Although the majority of people chose more money, choosing more time was associated with greater happiness—even controlling for existing levels of available time and money. Additional studies and experiments provide insight into choosers’ underlying rationale and the causal direction of the effect.",choice | happiness | money | time | well-being,Social Psychological and Personality Science,2016-09-01,Article,"Hershfield, Hal E.;Mogilner, Cassie;Barnea, Uri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992163144,10.1177/0032885516671872,Materials selection: A systems engineering approach,"Juxtaposing the sociology of time with the sociological study of punishment, we interviewed 34 former inmates to explore their memories of how they constructed time while “doing a bid.” Prison sentences convey macro-political and social messages, but time is experienced by individuals. Our qualitative data explore important theoretical connections between the sociology of time as a lived experience and the temporality of prison where time is punishment. The interview data explores the social construction of time, and our findings demonstrate participants’ use of the language of time in three distinct ways: (a) routine time, (b) marked time, and (c) lost time.",memory | the sociology of punishment | the sociology of time | “doing a bid”,Prison Journal,2016-12-01,Article,"Middlemass, Keesha M.;Smiley, Calvin John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982190096,10.1007/s11213-016-9398-z,Evaluation of Work Product Defects during Corrective & Enhancive Software Evolution: A Field Study Comparison,"This insider action research study differentiates between developing leaders and leadership, evolves a systemic leadership model, and intervenes on the human, social and processes dimensions for developing leadership. This is a real-time study and responds to the organizational reality of fast pace of change and its systemic nature. Consequently, the research too is fast to guide actions and influence positive changes in the organization. As the action research addresses a systemic reality, research and contributions are in multiple aspects, with new techniques having huge implications for theory building as well as improving practice. The study provides a structural solution to perceived lack of commitment in senior colleagues—a syndrome I acronym as HILE (High Intentions and Lukewarm Execution)–by re-designing organizational processes and making time available for its effective utilization in developing leadership. A new technique of triggering major changes in organizations termed “concept sublimation” distils concept from the statements of major stakeholder and sublimates it from lower to higher unit of analysis and to higher levels of positivity. Statistical simplification of a competency framework by applying concepts from Euclidian geometry and making it effective is yet a unique contribution of this action research study. The study adapts the competing values framework in developing a method of assessing cultural congruence of a candidate with the culture of the organization. The uniqueness of the study lies in bridging the gap in the literature by actually and systemically developing leadership in an organization and providing pragmatic insights on developing leadership while also creating knowledge for theory building.",Action research | Change management | Competency framework | Cultural fitment | Leadership development | Performance management system | Releasing time | Systems thinking | Talent management,Systemic Practice and Action Research,2017-08-01,Article,"Bhatnagar, Vikas Rai",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85012298022,10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.01.005,Selection of project delivery method in transit: Drivers and objectives,"Whereas past research has focused on the downsides of task switching, the present research uncovers a potential upside: increased creativity. In two experiments, we show that task switching can enhance two principal forms of creativity—divergent thinking (Study 1) and convergent thinking (Study 2)—in part because temporarily setting a task aside reduces cognitive fixation. Participants who continually alternated back and forth between two creativity tasks outperformed both participants who switched between the tasks at their discretion and participants who attempted one task for the first half of the allotted time before switching to the other task for the second half. Importantly, Studies 3a–3d reveal that people overwhelmingly fail to adopt a continual-switch approach when incentivized to choose a task switching strategy that would maximize their creative performance. These findings provide insights into how individuals can “switch on” creativity when navigating multiple creative tasks.",Convergent thinking | Creativity | Divergent thinking | Fixation | Problem solving | Task switching,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2017-03-01,Article,"Lu, Jackson G.;Akinola, Modupe;Mason, Malia F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923133947,10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4-S1-C10-cd,Speed up of project delivery through application of effective fast tracking strategies in the engineering phase,"Reducing project duration has significant strategic implications for the market share and revenue stream of owners and contractors in the oil and gas industry. The business benefits of early completion challenges projectmanagers to employ strategies to achieve shorter project duration. Among those, strategies applied in the engineering phase are of vital importance. The objective of this paper is to introduce the main strategies that can be used in the engineering phase to speed up the project delivery. The paper also aims at addressing the analysis of each technique from the managerial standpoint through literature review, empirical analysis and industry survey. Initial study shows that strategies like overlapping, crashing, early freezing of project scope, over-design, modularization and standard design are widely used in the industry. Some of these strategies may create significant cost saving opportunities and may lead to smoother project execution while other strategiesmay negatively impact project performance by imposing additional risks and driving up the costs. The outcome of this research helps to pro-actively plan and manage projects using the most suitable fast tracking strategies to improve project success.",Cost-time trade-off | Crashing | Fast tracking | Modularization | Over-design | Overlapping | Schedule compression | Schedule reduction | Scope freeze | Standardization,ISEC 2011 - 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Khoramshahi, Fereshteh;Ruwanpura, Janaka Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923182605,10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4-S1-CP19-cd,Optimum activity overlapping using genetic algorithms,"The need for earlier completion of construction projects has led to various schedule compression techniques. An effective and well known technique is to overlap the project activities or phases that normally would be performed in sequence. Overlapping, also called fast tracking, is a risky process because it increases execution uncertainties and can result in more changes and rework, and extra costs. In order to reduce the risks, a tradeoff between benefits and losses of activity overlapping is required. Such a tradeoff is a type of time-cost tradeoff. Various time-cost tradeoffs have been extensively studied in the project management and construction management literature; however, limited research exists to address the activity overlapping time-cost tradeoff. This paper presents a model that utilizes genetic algorithms to optimize the overlapping between activities of construction projects. So far no research has used genetic algorithms to optimize activity overlapping. In this paper, the theoreticalmechanismof overlapping is introduced and the details of the proposed model are described. Furthermore, the application of the model on a simple project network consisting of seven activities and nine dependencies is shown and the outcomes presented. The results of this research can pave the way for further development of a computerized tool capable of determining the optimum overlapping degree between project activities in all industrial projects.",Fast-tracking | Overlapping | Project risks | Rework | Time-cost tradeoff,ISEC 2011 - 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Dehghan, Reza;Hazini, Kamran;Ruwanpura, Janaka Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79951649005,10.1109/TEST.2010.5699204,Testing the IBM Power 7 ™ 4 GHz eight core microprocessor,"The IBM Power 7 ™ 4 GHz, eight core microprocessor introduced several new challenges for the Power 7 test team: new pervasive test architecture, 8 asynchronous processor cores, DRAM integrated on the same die as processor and enhanced thermal test requirements. The design complexity, time to market schedule compression, and rapid production ramp required innovation and new methods to meet these challenges. The following is an overview of the design for test architecture, manufacturing test methodology, thermal calibration, and rapid yield learning deployed to address these challenges and deliver a leadership server processor. © 2010 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Test Conference,2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Crafts, James;Bogdan, David;Conti, Dennis;Forlenza, Donato;Forlenza, Orazio;Huott, William;Kusko, Mary;Seymour, Edward;Taylor, Timothy;Walsh, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449280168,10.1109/GREENCOMP.2010.5598274,Stretch and compress based re-scheduling techniques for minimizing the execution times of DAGs on multi-core processors under energy constraints,"Given an initial schedule of a parallel program represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and an energy constraint, the question arises how to effectively determine what nodes (tasks) can be penalized (slowed down) through the use of dynamic voltage scaling. The resulting re-schedule length with a strict energy budget should have a minimum amount of expansion compared to the original schedule achieved with full energy. We propose three static schemes that aim to achieve this goal . Each scheme encompasses submitting a schedule to either a conceptual ""stretch"" (starting tasks with a maximum voltage supplied to all cores followed by methodical voltage reductions) or ""compress"" (starting tasks with a minimum voltage supplied to all cores followed by methodical voltage boosts). The complexity ari ses due to the inter-dependence of tasks . We propose methods that efficiently make such findings by analyzing the DAG and determining the ""impact factor"" of a node in the graph for the purpose of guiding the schedule toward the desired goal . The comparison between the stretch-alone and compress-alone based algorithms leads to a third algorithm that employs schedule ""compression, "" but reschedules all cores following each successive voltage adj ustment. Detailed simulation experiments demonstrate the effect of various task and processor parameters on the performance of the proposed algorithms. ©2010 IEEE.",Energy | Multi-core | Parallel processing | Scheduling,"2010 International Conference on Green Computing, Green Comp 2010",2010-11-24,Conference Paper,"King, David;Ahmad, Ishfaq;Sheikh, Hafiz Fahad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349269870,10.1109/ICME.2010.5582603,LyDAR: A LYrics Density based Approach to non-homogeneous music Resizing,"In many scenarios, such as TV/radio advertising production, animation production, and presentation, music pieces are constrained in the metric of time. For example, an editor wants to use a 320s song to fit a 280s animation or to accompany a 265s radio advertisement. Current music resizing approach scales the whole piece of music in a uniform manner. However, it will degrade the effect of the compressed song and make perceptual artifacts. In this paper, a novel music resizing approach, called LyDAR (LYrics Density based Approach to non-homogeneous music Resizing), is proposed, in which the resizing operation is guided by music structural analysis. Firstly, a useful concept, lyrics density, is presented, which takes advantage of lyrics to analyze the musical structure and can be used to describe the compression-resistance for different parts of a song. Secondly, two music resizing scheduling algorithms, LDF and LDGF, are developed to schedule compression over different parts of a music piece. Finally, both subjective and objective experiments are conducted to show that LyDAR can effectively and efficiently generate compressed versions of songs with good quality. © 2010 IEEE.",Music resizing | Non-homogeneous time-scale | Time stretching,"2010 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2010",2010-11-22,Conference Paper,"Liu, Zhang;Wang, Chaokun;Guo, Lu;Bai, Yiyuan;Wang, Jianmin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907472409,10.5294/pacla.2014.17.3.8,"Activity overlapping assessment in construction, oil and gas projects","Universities are using social media increasingly as communication channels. However, not all universities seem to have a clear strategy that allows them to achieve a broader range. This study shows publication time can affect the impact of a publication. The authors compared the behavior of Fanpage managers to demonstrations of public engagement from the standpoint of their temporary activity cycles. A quantitative methodology was used, based on identifying outstanding publications among 31,590 publications by 28 Mexican universities.",Engagement | Facebook pages | Higher education | Outstanding publications | Publication time | Social network,Palabra Clave,2014-09-01,Article,"Valerio Ureña, Gabriel;Herrera-Murillo, Dagoberto José;Rodríguez-Martínez, María Del Carmen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651528641,,Time-cost-quality trade-off software by using simplified Genetic algorithm for typical-repetitive construction projects,"Time-Cost Optimization TCO is one of the greatest challenges in construction project planning and control, since the optimization of either time or cost, would usually be at the expense of the other. Since there is a hidden trade-off relationship between project and cost, it might be difficult to predict whether the total cost would increase or decrease as a result of the schedule compression. Recently third dimension in trade-off analysis is taken into consideration that is quality of the projects. Few of the existing algorithms are applied in a case of construction project with three-dimensional trade-off analysis, Time-Cost-Quality relationships. The objective of this paper is to presents the development of a practical software system; that named Automatic Multi-objective Typical Construction Resource Optimization System AMTCROS. This system incorporates the basic concepts of Line Of Balance LOB and Critical Path Method CPM in a multi-objective Genetic Algorithms GAs model. The main objective of this system is to provide a practical support for typical construction planners who need to optimize resource utilization in order to minimize project cost and duration while maximizing its quality simultaneously. The application of these research developments in planning the typical construction projects holds a strong promise to: 1) Increase the efficiency of resource use in typical construction projects; 2) Reduce construction duration period; 3) Minimize construction cost (direct cost plus indirect cost); and 4) Improve the quality of newly construction projects. A general description of the proposed software for the Time-Cost-Quality Trade-Off TCQTO is presented. The main inputs and outputs of the proposed software are outlined. The main subroutines and the inference engine of this software are detailed. The complexity analysis of the software is discussed. In addition, the verification, and complexity of the proposed software are proved and tested using a real case study.",And time-cost-quality trade-offs | Genetic algorithms | Line of balance | Multi-objective optimization | Project management | Typical (repetitive) large-scale projects,"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology",2010-03-12,Article,"Abd El Razek, Refaat H.;Diab, Ahmed M.;Hafez, Sherif M.;Aziz, Remon F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049386458,10.4067/S0718-27242010000200001,How do managers control technology-intensive work?,"Technology pervades every aspect of the modern business enterprise and demands new strategies for work management. Advances in internet and computing technologies, the emergence of the ""knowledge worker"", globalization, resource scarcity, and intense competition have led corporations to accomplish their strategic goals and objectives through the implementation of projects. Project success is assured by the effective use of financial and human resources, a project management (PM) framework backed by senior management, and controls spanning the PM spectrum of initiation; planning; implementation; monitoring, measurement, and control; and closing. As an essential function of management, 'control' may be accomplished through a PM Plan, a project-matrix organization, competent and motivated people, and appropriate management tools and techniques. A PM Plan conforming to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) framework incorporates controls for the key PM elements and, implemented properly, can assure project success. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado.",Control | Earned value analysis | Management tools | PMBOK | Project management | Project risk assessment | Project-matrix organization | Quality function deployment | Schedule compression analysis | Self-directed teams,Journal of Technology Management and Innovation,2010-01-01,Article,"Pinheiro, Angelo Bernard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949498844,10.1109/IEEM.2009.5373259,An optimal coordination method for software development,"The problem of coordinating activities while developing large software systems is challenging. In this paper, we formulate a quantitative coordination model to analyze the optimal management policy for incremental software development. Then we develop an effective solution procedure with polynomial complexity to solve the model. Numerical studies show: (1) too large a team size is counter-productive resulting intensive communication overhead; (2) higher level of product structural complexity and communication efficiency favor more development cycles; (3) higher changeover costs and tighter schedule compression discourage more development cycles; (4) communication efficiency has no great impact on the optimal coordination policy but induces great overhead; (5) the optimal number of modules released reveals a U-shape characteristic. Case study shows that communication costs, module integration costs and system integration costs can be greatly reduced through the use of an optimal coordination policy. ©2009 IEEE.",Coordination theory | Incremental development | Software project management,IEEM 2009 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Suxiu;Li, Zhuoxin;Lu, Qiang;Li, Gang;Huang, Li",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449509541,,Schedule compression for construction projects by interruption in LOB scheduling,"In the line-of-balance (LOB) scheduling, it is necessary that all of the activities are progressed in equal rate of production to establish the schedule as a balanced diagram. In many construction projects, there are one or more activities which progress faster than the other activities. In this paper, interruption of activities with higher production rates and allocation of resources to other activities to decrease the duration of the project is studied. Moreover, the algorithm for calculation of the number of required interruptions, optimal time, project unit for applying interruptions, and the duration of each interruption into suitable activities which the project manager can start earlier is introduced.",Interruption | Line of balance scheduling | Schedule compression,AACE International Transactions,2009-11-19,Conference Paper,"Mohammad Amini, S.;Heravi, Gholamreza",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349318547,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2009)135:10(1096),"Construction project scheduling with time, cost, and material restrictions using fuzzy mathematical models and critical path method","This article evaluates the viability of using fuzzy mathematical models for determining construction schedules and for evaluating the contingencies created by schedule compression and delays due to unforeseen material shortages. Networks were analyzed using three methods: manual critical path method scheduling calculations, Primavera Project Management software (P5), and mathematical models using the Optimization Programming Language software. Fuzzy mathematical models that allow the multiobjective optimization of project schedules considering constraints such as time, cost, and unexpected materials shortages were used to verify commonly used methodologies for finding the minimum completion time for projects. The research also used a heuristic procedure for material allocation and sensitivity analysis to test five cases of material shortage, which increase the cost of construction and delay the completion time of projects. From the results obtained during the research investigation, it was determined that it is not just whether there is a shortage of a material but rather the way materials are allocated to different activities that affect project durations. It is important to give higher priority to activities that have minimum float values, instead of merely allocating materials to activities that are immediately ready to start. © 2009 ASCE.",Construction management | Construction materials | Fuzzy sets | Multiple objective analysis | Optimization | Resource allocation | Scheduling,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2009-09-28,Article,"Castro-Lacouture, Daniel;Süer, Gürsel A.;Gonzalez-Joaqui, Julian;Yates, J. K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69949092680,10.1061/41020(339)18,Overtime and productivity in electrical construction,"Electrical contractors are at high risk, mainly because of the high percentage of labor in electrical construction activities and the fact that a significant part of their work is last in line in a project, which leads to facing schedule compression. The main schedule compression techniques are overtime, overmanning, and second shift. This paper quantifies the impact of overtime on labor productivity for electrical contractors. Several studies have addressed overtime, but they tend to be old and the source of data is questionable. This paper contains both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The qualitative analysis is based on a survey sent to companies around the United States and Canada and analyzes contractors' responses regarding use of overtime on their projects. The quantitative analysis consists of collecting productivity data from different contractors and studying the effect of using overtime on labor productivity. Statistical models are developed and show the behavior of productivity when using overtime. The quantitative analysis further contains macro and micro approaches. The macro approach model projects where productivity for the whole project is tracked, and no specific overtime schedule is used. As for the micro approach, it shows the effect of using a fixed overtime schedule using the Measured Mile Method (MMM) which compares the productivity in unimpeded time to that in impacted time in order to determine how significantly the project's productivity was impacted. The models developed show that as the number of hours per week increases, the productivity decreases. This study will decrease disputes among owners and contractors regarding the price of additional work. Furthermore, the paper presents a scientific method for forward pricing overtime work and aiding in understanding the risks and rewards of implementing different types of overtime schedules. It also offers valuable insight with regards to safety, supervision, worker fatigue, absenteeism, and other factors related to overtimeuse. Copyright ASCE 2009.",,Building a Sustainable Future - Proceedings of the 2009 Construction Research Congress,2009-09-11,Conference Paper,"Hanna, Awad S.;Haddad, Gilbert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-66549090407,10.1109/TCAD.2009.2017430,Using data compression for increasing memory system utilization,"The memory system presents one of the critical challenges in embedded system design and optimization. This is mainly due to the ever-increasing code complexity of embedded applications and the exponential increase seen in the amount of data they manipulate. The memory bottleneck is even more important for multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC) architectures due to the high cost of off-chip memory accesses in terms of both energy and performance. As a result, reducing the memory-space occupancy of embedded applications is very important and will be even more important in the next decade. While it is true that the on-chip memory capacity of embedded systems is continuously increasing, the increases in the complexity of embedded applications and the sizes of the data sets they process are far greater. Motivated by this observation, this paper presents and evaluates a compiler-driven approach to data compression for reducing memory-space occupancy. Our goal is to study how automated compiler support can help in deciding the set of data elements to compress/ decompress and the points during execution at which these compressions/decompressions should be performed. We first study this problem in the context of single-core systems and then extend it to MPSoCs where we schedule compressions and decompressions intelligently such that they do not conflict with application execution as much as possible. Particularly, in MPSoCs, one needs to decide which processors should participate in the compression and decompression activities at any given point during the course of execution. We propose both static and dynamic algorithms for this purpose. In the static scheme, the processors are divided into two groups: those performing compression/ decompression and those executing the application, and this grouping is maintained throughout the execution of the application. In the dynamic scheme, on the other hand, the execution starts with some grouping but this grouping can change during the course of execution, depending on the dynamic variations in the data access pattern. Our experimental results show that, in a single-core system, the proposed approach reduces maximum memory occupancy by 47.9% and average memory occupancy by 48.3% when averaged over all the benchmarks. Our results also indicate that, in an MPSoC, the average energy saving is 12.7% when all eight benchmarks are considered. While compressions and decompressions and related bookkeeping activities take extra cycles and memory space and consume additional energy, we found that the improvements they bring from the memory space, execution cycles, and energy perspectives are much higher than these overheads. © 2009 IEEE.",Compilers | Data compression | Embedded systems | Memory optimization | Multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC),IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems,2009-06-01,Article,"Ozturk, Ozcan;Kandemir, Mahmut;Irwin, Mary Jane",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-62749180805,,Design process sequencing optimization of concurrent engineering projects based on genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation,"Concurrent engineering (CE) is a systematic pattern where the processes of product development and related processes are concurrent and integrated. CE is becoming one of the schedule compression techniques in construction design. The design structure matrix (DSM) is a tool that helps in understanding and analyzing the information flow in CE design. However, many existing DSM-based models do not consider the uncertainty of cost and time, and failed to adequately describe the realistic design process. An optimization model including Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Monte Carlo simulation (MC) is presented to obtain an optimization sequence of design process for CE projects. GA is used to obtain an optimization sequence, and MC is incorporated into the framework to tackle project activities with stochastic time and cost. An algorithm is developed to calculate the rework affecting the total time and cost. Rework probability, rework impact, overlapping matrix, improvement curve and uncertainty time and cost are introduced to represent the characteristics of design process. A case study verified the validity of the proposed model. The framework provides a new effective tool for design process sequencing optimization in CE projects.",Concurrent engineering | Construction project | Engineering design | Optimization,Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal,2009-02-01,Article,"Zhao, Zhenyu;You, Weiyang;Lu, Qianlei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-66549090407,10.1109/TCAD.2009.2017430,Using data compression for increasing memory system utilization,"The memory system presents one of the critical challenges in embedded system design and optimization. This is mainly due to the ever-increasing code complexity of embedded applications and the exponential increase seen in the amount of data they manipulate. The memory bottleneck is even more important for multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC) architectures due to the high cost of off-chip memory accesses in terms of both energy and performance. As a result, reducing the memory-space occupancy of embedded applications is very important and will be even more important in the next decade. While it is true that the on-chip memory capacity of embedded systems is continuously increasing, the increases in the complexity of embedded applications and the sizes of the data sets they process are far greater. Motivated by this observation, this paper presents and evaluates a compiler-driven approach to data compression for reducing memory-space occupancy. Our goal is to study how automated compiler support can help in deciding the set of data elements to compress/ decompress and the points during execution at which these compressions/decompressions should be performed. We first study this problem in the context of single-core systems and then extend it to MPSoCs where we schedule compressions and decompressions intelligently such that they do not conflict with application execution as much as possible. Particularly, in MPSoCs, one needs to decide which processors should participate in the compression and decompression activities at any given point during the course of execution. We propose both static and dynamic algorithms for this purpose. In the static scheme, the processors are divided into two groups: those performing compression/ decompression and those executing the application, and this grouping is maintained throughout the execution of the application. In the dynamic scheme, on the other hand, the execution starts with some grouping but this grouping can change during the course of execution, depending on the dynamic variations in the data access pattern. Our experimental results show that, in a single-core system, the proposed approach reduces maximum memory occupancy by 47.9% and average memory occupancy by 48.3% when averaged over all the benchmarks. Our results also indicate that, in an MPSoC, the average energy saving is 12.7% when all eight benchmarks are considered. While compressions and decompressions and related bookkeeping activities take extra cycles and memory space and consume additional energy, we found that the improvements they bring from the memory space, execution cycles, and energy perspectives are much higher than these overheads. © 2009 IEEE.",Compilers | Data compression | Embedded systems | Memory optimization | Multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC),IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems,2009-06-01,Article,"Ozturk, Ozcan;Kandemir, Mahmut;Irwin, Mary Jane",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85099426445,10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_22,Effect of schedule compression on project effort in COCOMO II model for highly compressed schedule ratings,"This paper presents the effect of 'schedule compression' on software project management effort using COCOMO II (Constructive Cost Model II), considering projects which require more than 25 percent of compression in their schedule. At present, COCOMO II provides a cost driver for applying the effect of schedule compression or expansion on project effort. Its maximum allowed compression is 25 percent due to its exponential effect on effort. This research study is based on 15 industry projects and consists of two parts. In first part, the Compression Ratio (CR) is calculated using actual and estimated project schedules. CR is the schedule compression percentage that was applied in actual which is compared with rated schedule compression percentage to find schedule estimation accuracy. In the second part, a new rating level is derived to cover projects which provide schedule compression higher than 25 percent. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.",COCOMO II | Compression Ratio | Project Schedule Compression | Rating Level | Schedule Estimation Accuracy,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hussain, Sharraf;Khoja, Shakeel A.;Hassan, Nazish;Lohana, Parkash",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878898643,,"Rwis equipment and operations: A successful, fast-tracked training","In 2007, ITS Rocky Mountain (ITSRM), with IDT Group and the Western Transportation Institute (WTI), successfully developed and delivered a 11/2 day training course on Road Weather Information Systems (RWIS) to ITS America (ITSA) members. We developed this course within an extraordinarily aggressive schedule while maintaining high training industry standards for content and learning measurement. We have subsequently delivered the course multiple times throughout the country and have received outstanding evaluations; it obviously fulfills a need within the industry. While this pilot project was successful, we learned several lessons from the experience. These lessons include the positive and negative consequences of dramatically accelerating the development timeline and the cost implications of developing high quality training regardless of schedule compression.",IDT group | ITS america | ITS rocky mountain | ITSA | Road weather information system | Training delivery | Training development | Western transportation institute | WTI,15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and ITS America Annual Meeting 2008,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Trimels Mr., Keith A.;Van Goth Ms., Ilse",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39349099123,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:3(197),Impact of shift work on labor productivity for labor intensive contractor,"Generally, a contractor has three options in accelerating a construction schedule: working longer hours, increasing the number of workers, or creating an additional shift of workers. There has been a significant amount of research conducted on scheduled overtime on construction labor productivity. However, little information has been found in the literature addressing the labor inefficiency associated with working a second shift. This paper has qualitative and quantitative components. The qualitative part details why and how shift work affects labor productivity, and then addresses the appropriate use of shift work. The quantitative component determines the relationship between the length of shift work and labor efficiency. The results of the research show that shift work has the potential to be both beneficial and detrimental to the productivity of construction labor. Small amounts of well-organized shift work can serve as a very effective response to schedule compression. The productivity loss, obtained from the quantification model developed through this study, ranges from -11 to 17% depending on the amount of shift work used. © 2008 ASCE.",Construction industry | Contractors | Labor | Productivity | Scheduling,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2008-02-22,Article,"Hanna, Awad S.;Chang, Chul Ki;Sullivan, Kenneth T.;Lackney, Jeffery A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44449177190,10.1109/COASE.2007.4341824,Proposed methodology for dynamic schedule compression,"Despite aggressive efforts of project managers to maintain a project schedule or to recover from a lapsed schedule, delays and cost overruns have become routine phenomenon at many construction projects. This research proposes a proactive schedule compression method to reduce the expected project completion time by removing latent lazy time caused by constraints that impose non-value-added effects on project. An additional objective of this research is to develop a systematic environmental model, the Dynamic Schedule Compression Model (DSCM), to improve performance against latency and complexities of design and construction projects in schedule compression. Developing and implementing the DSCM model will result in the following research outcomes: optimizing schedule compression concepts and methods to minimize waste and maximize project performance; detecting and eliminating latent lazy time that project has potentially; managing latency caused by schedule compression; understanding of schedule compression frameworks; and developing system dynamics-based schedule compression model. ©2007 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE CASE 2007",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lee, Jaesung;Ellis, Ralph D.;Pyeon, Jae Ho",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947396756,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2007)133:4(287),Quantifying the impact of schedule compression on labor productivity for mechanical and sheet metal contractor,"In a typical construction project, a contractor may often find that the time originally allotted to perform the work has been severely reduced. The reduction of time available to complete a project is commonly known throughout the construction industry as schedule compression. Schedule compression negatively impacts labor productivity and consequently becomes a source of dispute between owners and contractors. This paper examines how schedule compression affects construction labor productivity and provides a model quantifying the impact of schedule compression on labor productivity based on data collected from 66 mechanical and 37 sheet metal projects across the United States. The model can be used in a proactive manner to reduce productivity losses by managing the factors affecting productivity under the situation of schedule compression. Another useful application of the model is its use as a litigation avoidance tool after the completion of a project. © 2007 ASCE.",Construction industry | Contractors | Labors | Metals | Productivity | Sheets,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2007-03-26,Article,"Chang, Chul Ki;Hanna, Awad S.;Lackney, Jeffery A.;Sullivan, Kenneth T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645716334,,"A job well done at Weehawken, NJ","A project undertaken to the commuter transit tunnel at Weehawken, New Jersey, has been successfully completed despite of multiple difficulties faced during the project. The main difficulties on the project were created by schedule constraints and constant changes. A project labor agreement instituted by the prime contractor, Washington group, requiring the subcontractor for the tunnel using union personnel also led to difficulties. The design-build aspect of the global project led to continual changes combined with scope interpretation disagreements due to the bid build subcontract arrangement resulting in delays, inefficiencies, schedule compression, and occasional friction between prime participants.",,Tunnelling and Trenchless Construction,2006-03-01,Article,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85034396966,10.1007/978-3-319-54678-0_2,Using data compression in an MPSoC architecture for improving performance,"This chapter traces three central socio-economic developments, namely financialization, the network economy and digitalization, and points out how these changes are closely interlinked with recent transformations in work and employment often referred to as precarization, blurring the boundaries of work and contradictory dynamics of work organization. Overall, the dominance of financial markets, digitalization and the global network economy may give rise to greater autonomy and responsibilities for workers, but have also induced companies to standardize and casualize work. In addition, social institutions that previously regulated and delimited work, such as the standard employment relationship, are eroding, and pre-carious working conditions and atypical employment are reaching the middle classes. Further research is needed to explore how workers can cope with these developments.",Boundaryless work | Digitalization | Financialization | Network economy | Precarization | Standardization | Subjectification | Transformation of work,Job Demands in a Changing World of Work: Impact on Workers' Health and Performance and Implications for Research and Practice,2017-01-01,Book Chapter,"Flecker, Jörg;Fibich, Theresa;Kraemer, Klaus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,Quantifying the impact of schedule compression on construction labor productivity,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644514230,,Shift work impact on construction labor productivity,"Schedule compression or acceleration is a common problem for specialty contractors. Schedule acceleration is often the result of late start, delays and/or added work. Generally, a contractor has three options in accelerating a construction schedule; scheduled overtime, increasing the number of workers, or creating an additional shift of workers. There has been a significant amount of research conducted on scheduled overtime on construction labor productivity. However, little information has been found in the literature addressing the cost implications or labor inefficiency associated with working a second shift. This paper quantifies the relationship between the length of shift work and labor efficiency. The results of the research show that shift work has the potential to be both beneficial and detrimental to the productivity of construction labor. The productivity loss obtained from the quantification model developed through this study range from -11% to 17% depending on the length of shift work used.",Labor Productivity | Schedule Acceleration | Schedule Compression | Shift Work,Construction Research Congress 2005: Broadening Perspectives - Proceedings of the Congress,2005-11-15,Conference Paper,"Hanna, Awad S.;Chang, Chul Ki;Sullivan, Kenneth T.;Lackney, Jeffery A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644528765,,Overmanning impact on construction labor productivity,"This paper details the impacts of overmanning on labor productivity for labor intensive trades, namely, mechanical and sheet metal contractors. Overmanning in this research is defined as an increase of the peak number of workers of the same trade over actual average manpower during project. The paper begins by reviewing the literature on the effects of overmanning on labor productivity. A survey was used to collect data from 54 mechanical and sheet metal projects located across the United States. Various statistical analysis techniques were performed to determine a quantitative relationship between overmanning and labor productivity, including the Stepwise Method, T-Test, P-Value Tests, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Regression. The results indicate a 0% to 41% loss of productivity depending on the level of overmanning and the peak project manpower. Cross-validatbn was performed to validate the final model. Finally, a case study is provided to demonstrate the application of the model.",Labor Productivity | Overmanning | Schedule Acceleration | Schedule Compression,Construction Research Congress 2005: Broadening Perspectives - Proceedings of the Congress,2005-11-14,Conference Paper,"Hanna, Awad S.;Chang, Chul Ki;Lackney, Jeffery A.;Sullivan, Kenneth T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941338792,10.1142/S0219649214500257,Impacts of design/information technology on project outcomes,"On a daily level, knowledge is shared when one employee asks another for help. The positive effects of helping have been studied, but less is known about how helping can be made more efficient in terms of lowering the costs for the helpers. We investigated how two methods to channel knowledge sharing (bundled help requests and quiet time) affect helping efficiency. Bundling means that help requesters first collect some requests before asking; quiet time means that an organization defines time spans during which its employees must not interrupt and ask one another for help. We conducted a laboratory experiment and found that bundling increased the efficiency of helping, thereby increasing the combined performance of the helper and the help requester. Quiet time, however, decreased their combined performance. We discuss the implications of our findings for knowledge management research and practice.",helping | interruptions | Knowledge sharing | time management,Journal of Information and Knowledge Management,2014-09-12,Article,"Käser, Philipp A.W.;König, Cornelius J.;Fischbacher, Urs;Kleinmann, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4243084361,10.1145/990680.990695,"Real work, necessary friction, optional chaos","Various aspects of the process of estimating a software scope using effort relationship of time are discussed. The estimation process involved in planning of a project plays vital role in its success. The role of Magical disappearing effort, real work, necessary friction, and optional chaos concept is discussed in context of project success. The useful and useless, and the concepts of high and low schedule compression are also elaborated.",,Communications of the ACM,2004-06-01,Review,"Armour, Phillip G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992933771,10.1108/14714170410814971,Improving existing delay analysis techniques for the establishment of delay liabilities,"When construction delays occur, it is necessary to ascertain the liabilities of the contracting parties and to direct the appropriate amount of resources to recover the schedule. Unfortunately, delay analysis and schedule compression are normally treated as separate or independent aspects. This paper examines the feasibility of integrating the delay analysis and schedule compression functions into a broad-scoped two-stage process. The main issue is shown to be the kind of delay analysis required for each stage of the process and seven existing techniques are illustrated for use in conjunction with schedule compression. Since the current form and assumptions of delay analysis techniques are unlikely to provide the necessary level of feedback reliability for recovering delays, it is necessary to modify these techniques by incorporating some means of delay type scrutiny, excusable delays updating, and treatment of concurrent delays. The modified delay analysis techniques can serve as a basis for negotiation between the client and contractor and hence improve the interdisciplinary relations. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Construction delays | Delay analysis | Delay typology | Planning | Scheduling,Construction Innovation,2004-03-01,Article,"ng, S. T.;Skitmore, M.;Deng, M. Z.M.;Nadeem, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1442313246,10.1145/966049.781526,The design and implementation of a parallel array operator for the arbitrary remapping of data,"Gather and scatter are data redistribution functions of long-standing importance to high performance computing. In this paper, we present a highly-general array operator with powerful gather and scatter capabilities unmatched by other array languages. We discuss an efficient parallel implementation, introducing three new optimizations - schedule compression, dead array reuse, and direct communication - that reduce the costs associated with the operator's wide applicability. In our implementation of this operator in ZPL, we demonstrate performance comparable to the hand-coded Fortran + MPI versions of the NAS FT and CG benchmarks.",Array languages | Gather | Parallel programming | Scatter | ZPL,ACM SIGPLAN Notices,2003-01-01,Article,"Deitz, Steven J.;Chamberlain, Bradford L.;Choi, Sung Eun;Snyder, Lawrence",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038378318,10.1145/781498.781526,The design and implementation of a parallel array operator for the arbitrary remapping of data,"Gather and scatter are data redistribution functions of long-standing importance to high performance computing. In this paper, we present a highly-general array operator with powerful gather and scatter capabilities unmatched by other array languages. We discuss an efficient parallel implementation, introducing three new optimizations - schedule compression, dead array reuse, and direct communication - that reduce the costs associated with the operator's wide applicability. In our implementation of this operator in ZPL, we demonstrate performance comparable to the hand-coded Fortran + MPI versions of the NAS FT and CG benchmarks.",Array languages | Gather | Parallel programming | Scatter | ZPL,"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPOPP",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Deitz, Steven J.;Chamberlain, Bradford L.;Choi, Sung Eun;Snyder, Lawrence",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893862031,,A MATLAB-based genetic algorithm solution to overall benefit-duration optimization (obdo),"Given a normally-scheduled project network with a set of activities to be completed according to their precedence relationships, the schedule can be compressed such that opportunity income exceeds the cost increment incurred by network compression. The objective is to make a sequence of decisions to crash activities on the network and hence, compress the schedule to a desired limit where the optimal overall economic benefit of owner is reached. This problem is referred to as overall benefit-duration optimization (OBDO) [1]. This paper presents a MATLABprogrammed genetic algorithm (GA) solution to an OBDO problem. In this paper, the OBDO objective function is formulated. A test example and its GA application in MATLAB are illustrated to prove the feasibility and practicability of the OBDO concept. With the motivation of learning from efficiency and the capability of solving complex optimization problems, the MATLAB-based GA program proves itself as an appropriate solution to the proposed OBDO problem. © 2003, Civil-Comp Ltd.",Genetic algorithm | Matlab | Opportunity income | Overall benefit-duration optimization (OBDO) | Owner's economic benefit | Schedule compression,Civil-Comp Proceedings,2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ting, S. K.;Pan, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037055378,10.1002/ijc.10532,Effect of O6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine on different temozolomide schedules in a human melanoma xenograft model,"The DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) is a major component of resistance to treatment with methylating agents and nitrosoureas. Inactivation of the protein, via the administration of pseudosubstrates, prior to chemotherapy has been shown to improve the latter's therapeutic index in animal models of human tumours. We have also shown that rational scheduling of temozolomide, so that drug is administered at the ATase nadir after the preceding dose, increases tumour growth delay in these models. We now report the results of combining these two approaches. Nude mice bearing A375M human melanoma xenografts were treated with vehicle or 100 mg/kg temozolomide ip for 5 doses spaced 4, 12 or 24 hr apart. Each dose was preceded by the injection of vehicle or 20 mg/kg 4BTG. All treatments resulted in significant delays in tumour quintupling time compared with controls: by 6.2, 5.9 and 16.8 days, respectively, for 24-, 12- and 4-hourly temozolomide alone and by 22.3, 21.3 and 22.1 days, respectively, in combination with 4BTG. Weight loss due to TMZ was unaffected by the presence of 4BTG. This was of the order of 6.2-10.6% with 24- and 12-hourly administration and 17.4-20.1% (p < 0.0001) with 4-hourly treatment. In our model, combining daily temozolomide with 4-BTG confers increased antitumour activity equivalent to that achieved by compressing the temozolomide schedule but with less toxicity. Using temozolomide schedule compression with 4-BTG does not improve on this result, suggesting that ATase inactivation with pseudosubstrates is a more promising means of enhancing the activity of temozolomide than compressed scheduling. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.",ATase | Methylating agents | MGMT | O -methylguanine 6 | Pseudosubstrates,International Journal of Cancer,2002-08-10,Article,"Middleton, Mark R.;Thatcher, Nicholas;Brian H McMurry, T.;Stanley McElhinney, R.;Donnelly, Dorothy J.;Margison, Geoffrey P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,Probabilistic optimal-cost scheduling,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953401307,10.1504/IJESB.2016.073988,Issues for construction of 300-mm fab,"This research examines how women entrepreneurs are creating and recreating the gender structures that both restrict and enable methods for managing work and family demands. Specifically, we identify how entrepreneurial women have designed their businesses and structured their daily lives to mitigate work-family conflict. We develop a theoretical model identifying sites of tension for women as they navigate the work and family domains via a grounded theory approach. We offer implications for how gender, structuration, social cognitive, and border theories may be extended to understand entrepreneurial women's experiences.",Agency | Entrepreneur | Gender | Structuration | Work-family,International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Spivack, April J.;Desai, Ashay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034432742,10.3141/1712-24,Partnering on a design-build project: Making the three-way love affair work,"The partnering process used by the Arizona Department of Transportation in the execution of an $89 million design-build reconstruction of an urban freeway through a congested section of Phoenix is described. The project is changing 6 lanes into 10 lanes by adding a high-occupancy vehicle lane, along with auxiliary lanes, between the entrance and exit ramps over a 13-km (8-mi) stretch of freeway. It involves the demolition and replacement of two bridges that carry major arterial roads over the freeway by using single-point urban interchanges along with several kilometers (miles) of sound walls, new freeway lighting, and an automated freeway management system. Design-build by its nature lends itself to the partnering concept. The partnering concept ideas of increased communication, alignment of goals, and development of a dispute resolution system fit perfectly with design-build's overarching theme of single-point responsibility for the owner. Increased pressure because of schedule compression typical of most design-build projects makes partnering a vital necessity. Several innovative partnering ideas used on the design-build project to overcome the problems inherent in a complex, high-profile, fast-paced construction project are described.",,Transportation Research Record,2000-01-01,Article,"Ernzen, J.;Murdough, G.;Drecksel, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029674410,10.1007/978-94-6209-512-0,Graph theoretic optimal algorithm for schedule compression in time-multiplexed FPGA partitioning,,,The Future of Educational Research: Perspectives from Beginning Researchers,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Ngwenya, Elkana",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032645520,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1999)125:5(304),Parade Game: Impact of work flow variability on trade performance,"The Parade Game illustrates the impact work flow variability has on the performance of construction trades and their successors. The game consists of simulating a construction process in which resources produced by one trade are prerequisite to work performed by the next trade. Production-level detail, describing resources being passed from one trade to the next, illustrates that throughput will be reduced, project completion delayed, and waste increased by variations in flow. The game shows that it is possible to reduce waste and shorten project duration by reducing the variability in work flow between trades. Basic production management concepts are thus applied to construction management. They highlight two shortcomings of using the critical-path method for field-level planning: The critical-path method makes modeling the dependence of ongoing activities between trades or with operations unwieldy and it does not explicitly represent variability. The Parade Game can be played in a classroom setting either by hand or using a computer. Computer simulation enables students to experiment with numerous alternatives to sharpen their intuition regarding variability, process throughput, buffers, productivity, and crew sizing. Managers interested in schedule compression will benefit from understanding work flow variability's impact on succeeding trade performance.",,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999-09-01,Article,"Tommelein, Iris D.;Riley, David R.;Howell, Greg A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-15844364868,10.1080/014461999371051,"Impact of employee, management, and process issues on constructability implementation","This paper reports the findings of a study that examined five projects in which implementation of constructability concepts was viewed as a schedule reduction tool. The study attempted to determine the benefits, success factors, and implementation barriers across the case studies. The data suggested that adopting constructability concepts has the potential for significantly reducing the project delivery time compared with the historical performance of the participating companies. Success factors, implementation barriers, and lessons learned were viewed as management, employee, and process-related issues. These issues were ranked further according to their apparent significance in the cases studied. When such a ranking is verified by additional studies, the efforts of present and future implementations will focus on the issues that yield the highest payoffs. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",Constructability | Project delivery time | Project management | Schedule compression | Schedule reduction tools | Time to market | Value engineering,Construction Management and Economics,1999-01-01,Article,"Eldin, Neil N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032598560,10.1109/aero.1999.794353,Applying simulation to the development of spacecraft flight software,"We describe how the application of simulation and emulation to the lifecycle of spacecraft software can improve quality and aid in schedule compression and cost reduction. We define various forms of simulation and emulation, describe their various uses over the software development lifecycle, outline our experiences with regards to what can go wrong and right, and discuss how one might insert the technology into a project lifecycle.",,IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference Proceedings,1999-01-01,Article,"Reinholtz, Kirk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2342626763,10.1080/014461998372619,Planned and unplanned schedule compression: The impact on labour,"Constructors confronted with the need to compress or accelerate a construction schedule face the potential for extreme difficulties. Unfortunately, a limited knowledge base exists for determining the techniques, methods, or concepts to be employed in mitigating these potential negative outcomes of lower labour productivity rates and higher project costs. This paper explores the impacts of planned and unplanned schedule compression on labour productivity. Additional impacts of schedule compression related to project costs and schedule duration are also evaluated. Telephone interviews and questionnaire surveys primarily were used as the means for data collection to determine which methods of schedule compression identified are most effective in each of the aforementioned areas. Members of the National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) were used as the data source for this investigation because of their diversified experience and because of the support received from NECA management. A number of schedule compression methods are presented that have been shown to be effective.",Electrical contractor | Labour productivity | Planned schedule compression | Project costs | Schedule acceleration | Schedule duration | Unplanned schedule compression,Construction Management and Economics,1998-01-01,Article,"Noyce, David A.;Hanna, Awad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2142824803,10.1108/eb021063,Implementing an integrative approach to project schedule compression,"The need to provide immediate housing solutions for hundreds of thousands of people in the early 1990's faced the Israeli construction industry with an unprecedented challenge: to multiply overnight its output and drastically cut construction time. It also created a unique opportunity to observe a national-level experiment of great magnitude aimed at meeting that challenge. The present paper reports on a study that examined how construction companies managed to cut housing construction time to half of what had been accepted earlier as a normal pace. This was achieved by implementing an approach that concurrently and integratively treats environment, technology and management determinants, creating a synergetic effect. The present paper introduces and demonstrates the integrative approach to schedule compression, and highlights the role of the environment. © 1998, MCB UP Limited",Construction environment | Construction man-agement | Construction time | Housing construction | Integrative approach | Sche-dule compression,"Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management",1998-01-01,Review,"Laufer, Alexander;Shapira, Aviad;Goren, Itzhak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031334676,,Planned and unplanned schedule compression: The impact on labor productivity,"This paper explores the impacts of planned and unplanned schedule compression on labor productivity. The National Association of Electrical Contractors (NECA) membership was used as the primary data source for this investigation. Using modular or preassembled components, a constructability analysis, and participative management were shown to be the methodologies most effective at maintaining or improving labor productivity in planned schedule compression situations. A shift to smaller crews, staffing the project with the most efficient crews, and using a set-up crew were shown to be the methodologies most effective at maintaining or improving labor productivity in unplanned schedule compression situations. In both cases, scheduled overtime, overstaffing, and second shifts were shown to be the least effective methods.",,ASCE Construction Congress Proceedings,1997-12-01,Conference Paper,"Noyce, David A.;Hanna, Awad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031332614,,Proceedings of the 1997 5th ASCE Construction Congress,The proceedings contains 137 papers from the 1997 ASCE Construction Congress V: Managing Engineered Construction in Expanding Global Markets. Topics discussed include: emerging global opportunities in construction; project delivery systems; mechanical contracting; electrical contracting; innovative underground construction technologies; practical computer applications and technologies in construction; modern residential construction; and construction management and automation.,,ASCE Construction Congress Proceedings,1997-12-01,Conference Review,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012859849,,Compression-rolling reduces kiln brown stain in radiata pine sapwood,"Kiln-drying of radiata pine sapwood often causes the formation of a brown discoloration, commonly called kiln brown stain. Kiln brown stain develops just under the wood surface in a thin layer but subsequent machining of the lumber exposes the stain. The occurrence of kiln brown stain has caused substantial loss in revenue in New Zealand's high-value radiata pine export markets. In this study, the effect of compression-rolling of radiata pine prior to kilning was investigated as a potential method to control the formation of kiln brown stain, along with its effect on thickness shrinkage and drying time. The results of the study demonstrated that regardless of kiln schedule, compression-rolling significantly reduced the formation of kiln brown stain in the kilning of radiata pine, but increased drying time. In the drying of radiata pine at 90/60°C, rather than at 71/60°C, compression-rolling significantly increased thickness shrinkage from 4.9 to 6.0 percent. The mechanisms of compression-rolling on kiln brown stain formation in the drying of radiata pine are discussed.",,Forest Products Journal,1997-07-01,Article,"Kreber, B.;Haslett, A. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5244310040,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1997)123:2(189),Planned schedule compression concept file for electrical contractors,"Planned schedule compression can be thought of as a reduction of the normal experienced time or optimal time for the type and size project being considered. In contrast to other forms of schedule compression, planned schedule compression is anticipated and provisions are made before the start of the construction phase of the project. This paper presents the development of the planned schedule compression concept file for electrical contractors. Each concept attempts to provide a significant, distinct, and executable objective for enhancing the construction process and minimizing the impacts of schedule compression. Twenty-nine different concepts are presented, categorically subdivided into seven sections including the organization, materials, equipment and tools, information, labor, support services, and construction methods. Each of these concepts can be effectively used during planned schedule compression situations. Seven concepts, one each involving employee incentives, material handling, vendor performance, equipment and tools, constructability, setup crews, and construction methods, have been selected from the concept file and are presented in their entirety.",,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1997-01-01,Article,"Noyce, David A.;Hanna, Awad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030194864,10.1080/09537289608930369,A methodology for schedule compression,"A generated schedule can be improved (especially on due date performance) simply by compressing the current schedule to the left. Additionally, two forms of schedule compression are available, i.e. simple compression and complex compression. In practical considerations, however, knowing exactly where the compression ef?ort should be placed so that the schedule can be improved more efficiently is a relatively difficult task. This decision requires an evaluation methodology, which is the primary objective of this study. The evaluation methodology is based on the priority weight computation for those affected operations. The priority weight computadon is an integrarion of sequence effect weight with time effect weight. The priority weight informarion provides not only where the compression effort should be placed but also the intelligent informadon of (1) the operations related to the compression effort and (2) the time that job(s) can be packed to the left. Specifics of the schedule compression concepts and algorithms of the evaluation methodology are also discussed. © 1996 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",Leitstand | Schedule | Schedule compression | Schedule graph,Production Planning and Control,1996-01-01,Article,"Huei Wu, Horng;Kwei Li, Rong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029404807,10.1109/32.473215,Pre-Run-Time Scheduling to Reduce Schedule Length in the FieldBus Environment,"The paper deals with the problem of scheduling the transmission of periodic processes in a distributed FieldBus system, defining the conditions guaranteeing correct transmission. The scheduling of periodic processes fixes the transmission times for each process in a table, whose length is equal to the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of all the periods. This involves great memorization problems when some periods are relatively prime. The authors identify the theoretical conditions which allow the length of the scheduling table to be drastically reduced, but still guarantee correct transmission. On the basis of the theoretical conditions given, the authors present a pre-run-time scheduling algorithm which determines a transmission sequence for each producing process within the desired scheduling interval. An online scheduling algorithm is also proposed to schedule new transmission requests which are made while the system is functioning. The reduction in the schedule length may increase the number of transmissions, thus reducing the effective bandwidth and increasing the communication overload. In order to make as complete an analysis as possible of the scheduling solution, the authors also present an analysis of both the computational complexity of the algorithms proposed and the communication overload introduced. © 1995 IEEE",FieldBus | Process control scheduling | schedule compression | scheduling tables,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1995-01-01,Article,"Cavalieri, Salvatore;Stefano, Antonella Di;Mirabella, Orazio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027545671,10.1139/l93-007,Schedule compression using the direct stiffness method,"This paper presents a new method for critical path (CPM) scheduling that optimizes project duration in order to minimize the project total cost. In addition, the method could be used to produce constrained schedules that accommodate contractual completion dates of projects and their milestones. The proposed method is based on the well-known `direct stiffness method' for structural analysis. The method establishes a complete analogy between the structural analysis problem with imposed support settlement and that of project scheduling with imposed target completion date. The project CPM network is replaced by an equivalent structure. The equivalence structure. The equivalence conditions are established such that when the equivalent structure is compressed by an imposed displacement equal to schedule compression, the sum of all members forces represents the additional cost required to achieve such compression. To enable a comparison with the currently used methods, an example application from the literature is analyzed using the proposed method. The results are in close agreement with those obtained using current techniques. In addition, the proposed method has some interesting features: (i) it is flexible, providing a trade-off between required accuracy and computational effort, (ii) it is capable of providing solutions to CPM networks where dynamic programming may not be directly applicable, and (iii) it could be extended to treat other problems including the impact of delays and disruptions on schedule and budget of construction projects.",,Canadian journal of civil engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Moselhi, Osama",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027043697,,Compressed module fabrication schedule cost impacts,"The North Slope of Alaska is one of the most costly locations to execute construction projects in the world. As a result, the operators of the North Slope oilfields utilize modular construction techniques, whenever practical, to minimize the amount of construction actually performed on the North Slope. The facilities on the North Slope are capable of producing over 2 million barrels of oil per day. This production involves the separation of oil, gas, and water from the produced crude oil streams and the injection of the water and gas by-products. Natural gas, which is injected into the reservoir after being separated from the crude oil, helps maintain the pressure in the reservoir. The natural-gas-handling capacity on the North Slope exceeds over 400 million cubic meters a day of natural gas. The gas-handling capacity has been incrementally increased to this level, through a variety of projects, as the oil fields have matured. These projects have included a number of very similar modules which house the compressors needed to move and inject the gas. The history of the fabrication of these modules allows the comparison of a set of similar industrial construction projects and view the impact of variables such as schedule compression. This paper will focus on the impacts of schedule compression on the fabrication of compressor modules and compare them to similar modules fabricated on a more relaxed schedule. This paper focuses on workhours due to the timing and contractual differences in the projects. The costs can be determined by extending the workhours with whatever labor costs are appropriate.",,Transactions of the American Association of Cost Engineers,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hawley, Robert S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000139307,10.1016/0950-5849(92)90077-3,Empirical studies of assumptions that underlie software cost-estimation models,"The paper reviews some of the assumptions built into conventional cost models and identifies whether or not there is empirical evidence to support these assumptions. The results indicate that the assumption that there is a nonlinear relationship between size and effort is not supported, but the assumption of a nonlinear relationship between effort and duration is. Second, the assumption that a large number of subjective productivity adjustment factors is necessary is not supported. In addition, it also appears that a large number of size adjustment factors are unnecessary. Third, the assumption that staff experience and/or staff capability are the most significant cost drivers (after allowing for the effect of size) is not supported by the data available to the MERMAID project, but neither can it be confirmed from analysis of the COCOMO data set. Finally, the assumption that compression of schedule decreases productivity was not supported. In fact, none of the models of schedule compression currently included in existing cost models was supported by the data. © 1992.",cost estimation | cost-estimation models | productivity | software cost estimation,Information and Software Technology,1992-01-01,Article,"Kitchenham, BA",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026153225,10.1109/17.78407,Problem Discovery Function: A Useful Tool for Assessing New Product Introduction,"Validation of new products during the design and early life stages is vital to successful product introduction to the marketplace. Frequently the duration of validation is either too short (due to schedule compression) or too long (due to minimal corrective action aggressiveness). This article examines a quantitative method of measuring the rate of problem discovery and using it to predict the potential undiscovered problems. The process utilizes historical product problem data and applies factors for product complexity, schedule duration, validation stages, product maturity level, corporate commitment to program success, novelty of design and schedule pressure. Problem discovery trends are developed for historic programs. New products are then scored using these same trends. Predictions can be drawn concerning the new products and their anticipated set of problems. The ability to forecast discovery rates provides significant benefits in terms of substantiated positions for validation duration intensity and resource requirements. Evolution of the problem discovery function process and what improved discovery curves should look like are reviewed with critical discussion. © 1991 IEEE",Analytical modeling | problem discovery function (PDF) | problem occurrence ratio (POR) | problem set | product validation,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1991-01-01,Article,"Zurn, James T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024860762,,Concepts and methods of schedule compression,"As used in this paper, schedule compression refers to the shortening of the required time for accomplishing engineering, procurement, construction or startup tasks, or a total project, to serve one of three purposes: reducing total design-construct time from that considered normal; accelerating a schedule for owner convenience; and recovering lost time after falling behind schedule. As seen in the discussion, some schedule compression is forced through greater concentration of resources, but much is achieved through improving productivity during available time or by preventing needless loss of time. The paper lists ideas applicable to all phases of a project; to the contracting approach; to construction work management; and to materials management.",,AACE International. Transactions of the Annual Meeting,1989-12-01,Conference Paper,"Neil, James M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024868666,,Scheduling for on time project,"The key to 'on time' project execution lies in the project manager's ability to first identify and then manage the critical path. This article describes the inherent flaws in the practice of forcing a project's tasks to fit a specified time constraint, the significance of the critical path in determining a reasonable expected completion date, and the proper approach to effective schedule compression, the need for a schedule contingency. Methods for establishing and controlling a schedule contingency are also presented.",,AACE International. Transactions of the Annual Meeting,1989-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hamburger, David H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024865696,,Project expediting,"Project expediting is a term given to the procedure by which project duration can be reduced to the least additional cost. The procedure is also known as 'least-cost scheduling,' 'crashing,' and as 'schedule compression.' Crashing is an optimization procedure to decrease project activity durations to reduce the overall project length. Crashing is an effective technique for determining which activities should be modified in order to hasten a project completion date in the most cost-effective manner. It is a key mitigation tool to limit claim damages. Crashing also acts as an objective and supportable analysis that can be used as the basis for management decisions that affect the course of a construction project. Crashing should be performed with microcomputers since it can be a complex, iterative, and time-consuming procedure. Programs exist today to help project management personnel conduct crashing exercises. The paper describes the time-cost reduction procedure with an example.",,AACE International. Transactions of the Annual Meeting,1989-12-01,Conference Paper,"Querns, Wesley R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34347355464,,THEODORE ROOSEVELT (CVN 71) CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE COMPRESSION.,"Efficient coordination of collaboration requires sharing information about collaborators' current and future availability. We describe the usage of an awareness system called Awarenex that shared real-time awareness information to help coordinate activities at the current moment. We also developed a prototype called Lilsys that used sensors to gather additional awareness information that would help avoid disruptions when users are currently unavailable for interaction. Our experiences over time in designing and using prototypes that share awareness cues for current availability led us to identify temporal patterns that could help predict future reachability. Rhythm awareness is having a sense of regularly recurring temporal patterns that can help coordinate interactions among collaborators. Rhythm awareness is difficult to establish within distributed groups that are separated by distance and time zone. We describe rhythmic temporal patterns observed in activity data collected from users of the Awarenex prototype. Analyzing logs of Awarenex usage over time enabled us to construct a computational model of temporal patterns. We explored how to apply those patterns and model to predict future reachability among distributed team members. We discuss trade-offs in the design of collaborative applications that rely on human- and machine-interpretation of rhythm awareness cues. We also conducted a design study that elicited reactions to a variety of end-user visualizations of rhythmic patterns and investigated how well our computational model characterized their everyday routines. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2007-07-06,Article,"Begole, James;Tang, John C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871495619,10.1177/0950017012461837,HIGH PAYOFF PRODUCT ASSURANCE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS AT THE U. S. ARMY MISSILE COMMAND.,"Interest in data on job satisfaction is increasing in both academic and policy circles. One common way of interpreting these data is to see a positive association between job satisfaction and job quality. Another view is to dismiss the usefulness of job satisfaction data, because workers can often express satisfaction with work where job quality is poor. It is argued that this second view has some validity, but that survey data on job satisfaction and subjective well-being at work are informative if interpreted carefully. If researchers are to come to sensible conclusions about the meaning behind job satisfaction data, information about why workers report job satisfaction is needed. It is in the understanding of why workers report feeling satisfied (or dissatisfied) with their jobs that sociology can make a positive contribution. © The Author(s) 2012.",job quality | job satisfaction | subjective well-being,"Work, Employment and Society",2012-01-01,Article,"Brown, Andrew;Charlwood, Andy;Spencer, David A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85072744093,10.4337/9781785364020,CONCURRENCY: SCHEDULE COMPRESSION IS QUALITY'S CHALLENGE.,"The shift from managerial capitalism to investor capitalism, dominated by the finance industry and finance capital accumulation, is jointly caused by a variety of institutional, legal, political, and ideological changes, beginning with the 1970s' downturn of the global economy. This book traces how the incorporation of businesses within the realm of the state leads to both certain benefits, characteristic of competitive capitalism, and to the emergence of new corporate governance problems emerges. Contrasting economic, legal, and managerial views of corporate governance practices in contemporary capitalism, the author examines how corporate governance has been understood and advocated differently during the New Deal era, the post-World War II economic boom, and the after 1980 in the era of free market advocacy.",,"Corporate Governance, The Firm and Investor Capitalism: Legal-Political and Economic Views",2016-10-28,Book,"Styhre, Alexander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85016330164,10.1057/ejis.2016.8,EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF A COMMITTED SITE ON FUSION REACTOR DEVELOPMENT.,"Multicommunicating (MC) represents a form of multitasking in which employees such as IS analysts and managers engage in multiple conversations at the same time (e.g., by sending texts while on a telephone call). MC can occur either during group meetings or during one-on-one conversations: the present paper focuses on the latter, termed dyadic MC. MC is increasingly prevalent in the workplace and is often useful in today's business world, for example by making it possible to respond in a timely manner to urgent communications. Nonetheless, the efficacy of MC behaviors can also be questioned as they have been found to negatively affect performance and workplace relationships, as well as causing stress. During our investigations of this phenomenon, we often heard IS practitioners say 'So what? I do this all the time, it's no problem!' which suggests that certain misconceptions regarding MC behaviors may be prevalent. Arising from research findings in multiple disciplines, we examine four such practitioner beliefs regarding MC behaviors: MC makes employees more accessible, it enhances productivity, it is required in most jobs, and rudeness is not an issue when MC. Further, we suggest recommendations to IS employees and managers so that they can better manage MC.",accessibility | habits | multicommunicating | multitasking | productivity | rudeness,European Journal of Information Systems,2016-09-01,Article,"Cameron, Ann Frances;Webster, Jane;Barki, Henri;De Guinea, Ana Ortiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992166190,10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.051,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort: References,The authors regret that information on the funding agency was missing from the paper. The work presented in the paper was sponsored by the National Science Centre Poland (grant no. 2013/11/B/HS6/01234). The author would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.,,Personality and Individual Differences,2017-01-01,Erratum,"Chuderski, Adam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Celestica Transforms Competitiveness with C-Commerce,"Time pressure has been shown to have a negative impact on ethical decision-making. This paper uses an experimental approach to examine the impact of an antecedent of time pressure, whether it is anticipated or not, on participants’ perceptions of unethical behaviour. Utilising 60 business school students at an Australian university, we examine the differential impact of anticipated and unanticipated time deadline pressure on participants’ perceptions of the likelihood of unethical behaviour (i.e. plagiarism) occurring. We find the perception of the likelihood of unethical behaviour occurring to be significantly reduced when time pressure is anticipated rather than unanticipated. The implications of this finding for both professional service organisations and tertiary institutions are considered.",Antecedents | Ethics | Moral intensity | Plagiarism | Time pressure,Journal of Business Ethics,2018-11-01,Article,"Koh, Hwee Ping;Scully, Glennda;Woodliff, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012264014,10.2307/4132321,Shaping Up for E-Commerce: Institutional Enablers of the Organizational Assimilation of Web Technologies,"The global reach of the Web technological platform, along with the range of services that it supports, makes it a powerful business resource. However, realization of operational and strategic benefits is contingent on effective assimilation of this type III IS innovation. This paper draws upon institutional theory and the conceptual lens of structuring and metastructuring actions to explain the importance of three factors - top management championship, strategic investment rationale, and extent of coordination - in achieving higher levels of Web assimilation within an organization. Survey data are utilized to test a nomological network of relationships among these factors and the extent of organizational assimilation of Web technologies.",Innovation assimilation | IT management | Metastructuring actions | Structuring actions | Web implementation | Web technology,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2002-01-01,Article,"Chatterjee, Debabroto;Grewal, Rajdeep;Sambamurthy, V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992816461,10.1177/0267323106066659,The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century,,,European Journal of Communication,2006-01-01,Review,"Maluf, Ramez",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845974935,10.2307/25148740,The Transformation of Open Source Software,"A frequent characterization of open source software is the somewhat outdated, mythical one of a collective of supremely talented software hackers freely volunteering their services to produce uniformly high-quality software. I contend that the open source software phenomenon has metamorphosed into a more mainstream and commercially viable form, which I label as OSS 2.0. I illustrate this transformation using a framework of process and product factors, and discuss how the bazaar metaphor, which up to now has been associated with the open source development process, has actually shifted to become a metaphor better suited to the OSS 2.0 product delivery and support process. Overall the OSS 2.0 phenomenon is significantly different from its free software antecedent. Its emergence accentuates the fundamental alteration of the basic ground rules in the software landscape, signifying the end of the proprietary-driven model that has prevailed for the past 20 years or so. Thus, a clear understanding of the characteristics of the emergent OSS 2.0 phenomenon is required to address key challenges for research and practice.",Free software | IS development | Open source software,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Fitzgerald, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939427933,10.1007/s10902-015-9670-4,"""Applications of Global Information Technology: Key Issues for Management","We propose that emotional well-being in everyday life is partially related to the balance of positive and negative affect associated with everyday routine activities. Factors that interfere with positive affect associated with such activities would therefore have negative impacts on emotional well-being. Supporting that time pressure is one such factor, we find in Study 1 for a representative sample of Swedish employees (n = 1507) answering a survey questionnaire that emotional well-being has a negative relationship to time pressure. In Study 2 we test the hypothesis that the negative effect of time pressure on emotional well-being is jointly mediated by impediment to goal progress and time stress. In another survey questionnaire a sample of Swedish employees (n = 240) answered retrospective questions about emotional well-being at work and off work, experienced impediment to goal progress, experienced time pressure, and stress-related symptoms. Statistical mediation analyses supported the proposed hypothesis.",Emotional well-being | Goal progress | Time pressure | Time stress,Journal of Happiness Studies,2016-10-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Gamble, Amelie;Fors, Filip;Hjerm, Mikael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4444374135,10.2307/30036537,From the Vendor's Perspective: Exploring the Value Proposition in Information Technology Outsourcing,"To date, most research on information technology (IT) outsourcing concludes that firms decide to outsource IT services because they believe that outside vendors possess production cost advantages. Yet it is not clear whether vendors can provide production cost advantages, particularly to large firms who may be able to replicate vendors' production cost advantages in-house. Mixed outsourcing success in the past decade calls for a closer examination of the IT outsourcing vendor's value proposition. While the client's sourcing decisions and the client-vendor relationship have been examined in IT outsourcing literature, the vendor's perspective has hardly been explored. In this paper, we conduct a close examination of vendor strategy and practices in one long-term successful applications management outsourcing engagement. Our analysis indicates that the vendor's efficiency was based on the economic benefits derived from the ability to develop a complementary set of core competencies. This ability, in turn, was based on the centralization of decision rights from a variety and multitude of IT projects controlled by the vendor. The vendor was enticed to share the value with the client through formal and informal relationship management structures. We use the economic concept of complementarity in organizational design, along with prior findings from studies of client-vendor relationships, to explain the IT vendors' value proposition. We further explain how vendors can offer benefits that cannot be readily replicated internally by client firms.",Case study | Complementarity in organizational design | IS core competencies | IS project management | IS staffing issues | Management of computing and IS | Outsourcing of IS | Systems maintenance,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2003-01-01,Article,"Levina, Natalia;Ross, Jeanne W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745021689,10.2307/25148732,The Impact of Ideology on Effectiveness in Open Source Software Development Teams,"The emerging work on understanding open source software has questioned what leads to effectiveness in OSS development teams in the absence of formal controls, and it has pointed to the importance of ideology. This paper develops a framework of the OSS community ideology (including specific norms, beliefs, and values) and a theoretical model to show how adherence to components of the ideology impacts effectiveness in OSS teams. The model is based on the idea that the tenets of the OSS ideology motivate behaviors that enhance cognitive trust and communication quality and encourage identification with the project team, which enhances affective trust. Trust and communication in turn impact OSS team effectiveness. The research considers two kinds of effectiveness in OSS teams: the attraction and retention of developer input and the generation of project outputs. Hypotheses regarding antecedents to each are developed. Hypotheses are tested using survey and objective data on OSS projects. Results support the main thesis that OSS team members' adherence to the tenets of the OSS community ideology impacts OSS team effectiveness and reveal that different components impact effectiveness in different ways. Of particular interest is the finding that adherence to some ideological components was beneficial to the effectiveness of the team in terms of attracting and retaining input, but detrimental to the output of the team. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.",Communication | Ideology | Open source software | Trust | Virtual teams,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Stewart, Katherine J.;Gosain, Sanjay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981167222,10.1007/s10450-016-9801-1,Death March: The Complete Software Developer's Guide to Surviving Mission Impossible Projects,"A simple, semi-empirical, generalized expression was developed for the LDF mass transfer coefficient k as a function of the half cycle time θc that encompasses and transitions between the well-known regions governed by the long cycle time constant Glueckauf k and the short cycle time dependent k. This new expression can be used to estimate k = f(θc) for any system, irrespective of the loading and irrespective of θc, no matter if k is in the cycle time dependent region or not. A three times wider transition region between the Glueckauf k and the cycle time dependent k was also established, with the Glueckauf LDF limit now valid for θc > 0.3 and the short cycle time limit now valid for θc < 0.01. When evaluating this region for several adsorbate-adsorbent systems, the minimum Glueckauf θc spanned three orders of magnitude from thousands of seconds to just a few seconds, indicating a cycle time dependent k is not necessarily limited to what is normally considered a short cycle time. For virtually any θc less than this minimum Glueckauf θc, this new first-of-its-kind expression can be used to readily provide an accurate value of k = f(θc). Since the widely accepted half cycle time concept does not apply to the actual simulation of a multi-step, unequal step time, pressure swing adsorption process, the value of k = f(θc) from this new expression can be based on either the shortest cycle step in the cycle or a different value of k = f(θc) for each cycle step time in the cycle, with validity confirmed either by experiment or by process simulation using the exact solution to the pore diffusion equation.",Glueckauf LDF | Macropore diffusion | Micropore diffusion | Rapid pressure swing adsorption | Short cycle time PSA,Adsorption,2016-10-01,Article,"Hossain, Mohammad I.;Ebner, Armin D.;Ritter, James A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247368163,10.1037/h0073415,The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit Formation,"Studied the relation of strength of stimulus, to rapidity of learning in 18 kittens. The kittens had to discriminate between the light-dark boxes. The experiment box was divided into a nest box, an entrance chamber and 2 electric boxes. The electric boxes were placed in the circuit of a constant electric current. The kittens received electric shock in these boxes. The results indicate that: (1) it took less number of trials to perfect a correct habit with a strong stimulus than with a medium stimulus, under conditions of learning of varying difficulty (2) the relation of the painfulness of the electric stimulus to the rapidity of habit formation depended upon the difficulty of the visual discrimination, and (3) the discrimination was difficult to make when the difference between the unpleasant and the very unpleasant stimuli was not marked. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1915 American Psychological Association.",Cats | Infants (animal) | Learning | Stimulus strength,Journal of Animal Behavior,1915-07-01,Article,"Dodson, J. D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80054778228,10.1109/ENABL.2003.1231428,Activation Theory and Task Design,This article compares traditional requirements engineering approaches and agile software development. Our paper analyzes commonalities and differences of both approaches and determines possible ways how agile software development can benefit from requirements engineering methods.,Collaboration | Collaborative software | Collaborative work | Context modeling | Customer satisfaction | Documentation | Knowledge engineering | Programming | Software engineering | System analysis and design,"Proceedings of the Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, WETICE",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paetsch, F.;Eberlein, A.;Maurer, F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024547210,10.1037/0033-295X.96.1.84,Arousal and Physiological Toughness: Implications for Mental and Physical Health,"From W. B. Cannon's identification of adrenaline with ""fight or flight"" to modern views of stress, negative views of peripheral physiological arousal predominate. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is associated with anxiety, neuroticism, the Type A personality, cardiovascular disease, and immune system suppression; illness susceptibility is associated with life events requiring adjustments. ""Stress control"" has become almost synonymous with arousal reduction. A contrary positive view of peripheral arousal follows from studies of subjects exposed to intermittent stressors. Such exposure leads to low SNS arousal base rates, but to strong and responsive challenge- or stress-induced SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal, with resistance to brain catecholamine depletion and with suppression of pituitary adrenal-cortical responses. That pattern of arousal defines physiological toughness and, in interaction with psychological coping, corresponds with positive performance in even complex tasks, with emotional stability, and with immune system enhancement. The toughness concept suggests an opposition between effective short- and long-term coping, with implications for effective therapies and stress-inoculating life-styles.",,Psychological Review,1989-01-01,Article,"Dienstbier, Richard A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84983758371,10.1016/j.ergon.2016.08.003,Psychological Stress and Psychology,"Although non-fatal injuries remain a frequent occurrence in Rail work, very few studies have attempted to identify the perceived factors contributing to accident risk using qualitative research methods. This paper presents the results from a thematic analysis of ten interviews with On Track Machine (OTM) operatives. The inductive methodological approach generated five themes, of which two are discussed here in detail, ‘Pressure and fatigue’, and ‘Decision making and errors’. It is concluded that for companies committed to proactive accident risk reduction, irrespective of current injury rates, the collection and analysis of worker narratives and broader psychological data across safety-critical job roles may prove beneficial.",Accident risk | Contributory factors | Errors | Fatigue | Mistakes | Rail | Safety II | Time pressure | Track maintenance | Violations,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016-09-01,Article,"Morgan, James I.;Abbott, Rachel;Furness, Penny;Ramsay, Judith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029254270,10.1109/2.348001,"""Chronic Demands and Responsivity to Challenge","Software's girth has surpassed its functionality, largely because hardware advances make this possible. The way to streamline software lies in disciplined methodologies and a return to the essentials. © 1995 IEEE",,Computer,1995-01-01,Article,"Wirth, Niklaus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017056744,10.1080/0097840X.1976.9936068,Underload and Overload in Working Life: Outline of a Multidisciplinary Approach,"A research project is outlined in which concepts and methods from social psychology and psychophysiology are integrated in the study of human adaptation to underload and overload related to technically advanced work processes. Attempts are made to identify aversive factors in the work process by studying acute stress reactions, e.g., catecholamine excretion, in the course of work and relating these to long-term, negative effects on well-being, job satisfaction and health. Data from a pilot study of sawmill workers support the view that machine-paced work characterized by a short work cycle and lack of control over the work process constitutes a threat to health and well-being. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Adaptation | Arousal | Catecholamine excretion | In dustrial work | Job satisfaction | Job stress | Workers’ health,Journal of Human Stress,1976-01-01,Article,"Frankenhaeuser, Marianne;Gardell, Bertil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0003167359,10.2307/249336,Management of Large Software Development Efforts,"The high development and maintenance costs, and the late delivery experienced by many organizations when developing large software systems is well documented. Modern software practices have evolved to overcome many of the technical difficulties associated with software development. To a large extent, however, the high costs and schedule slippages can be traced to management, not technical, deficiencies. This article develops an approach for managing the software development effort that exploits the benefits of modern software practices in staffing, planning, and controlling software development.",Life cycle | Project management | Software development | Software engineering,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1980-01-01,Article,"Zmud, Robert W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023383914,10.1109/TSE.1987.233496,Time-Sensitive Cost Models in the Commercial MIS Environment,"Current time-sensitive cost models suggest a significant impact on project effort if elapsed time compression or expansion is implemented. This paper reports an empirical study into the applicability of these models in the management information systems environment. It is found that elapsed time variation does not consistently affect project effort. This result is analyzed in terms of the theory supporting such a relationship, and an alternate relationship is suggested. Copyright © 1987 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost models | productivity | putnam model | software Project management | transformation of variables,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1987-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. Ross",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017995509,10.1109/TSE.1978.231521,A General Empirical Solution to the Macro Software Sizing and Estimating Problem,"Application software development has been an area of organizational effort that has not been amenable to the normal managerial and cost controls. Instances of actual costs of several times the initial budgeted cost, and a time to initial operational capability sometimes twice as long as planned are more often the case than not. A macromethodology to support management needs has now been developed that will produce accurate estimates of manpower, costs, and times to reach critical milestones of software projects. There are four parameters in the basic system and these are in terms managers are comfortable working with-effort, development time, elapsed time, and a state-of-technology parameter. The system provides managers sufficient information to assess the financial risk and investment value of a new software development project before it is undertaken and provides techniques to update estimates from the actual data stream once the project is underway. Using the technique developed in the paper, adequate analysis for decisions can be made in an hour or two using only a few quick reference tables and a scientific pocket calculator. Copyright © 1978 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Application software estimating | quantitative software life-cycle management | sizing and scheduling large scale software projects | software life-cycle costing | software sizing,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1978-01-01,Article,"Putnam, Lawrence H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84989285201,10.1037/law0000095,Software Engineering Economics,"The overwhelming majority of criminal cases are resolved by a guilty plea. Concerns have been raised about the potential for plea bargaining to be coercive, but little is known about the actual choices faced by defendants who plead guilty. Through interviews of youth and adults who pleaded guilty to felonies in New York City, we found that substantial discounts were offered to participants in exchange for their guilty pleas and that a sizable portion of both the youth and adults claimed either that they were completely innocent (27% and 19%, respectively) or that they were not guilty of what they were charged with (20% and 41%, respectively). Participants also reported infrequent contact with their attorneys prior to accepting their plea deals and very short time periods in which to make their decisions. Our findings suggest the plea-bargaining system in New York City may be fraught with promises of leniency, time pressures, and insufficient attorney advisement-factors that may undermine the voluntariness of plea deal decisions for some defendants.",Innocence | Juvenile offenders | Plea deals | Plea discount | Trial penalty,"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law",2016-08-01,Article,"Zottoli, Tina M.;Daftary-Kapur, Tarika;Winters, Georgia M.;Hogan, Conor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84978252372,10.1016/j.trf.2016.06.013,The Mythical Man Month: Essays on Software Engineering,"Speeding because of time pressure is a leading contributor to traffic accidents. Previous research indicates that people respond to time pressure through increased physiological activity and by adapting their task strategy in order to mitigate task demands. In the present driving simulator study, we investigated effects of time pressure on measures of eye movement, pupil diameter, cardiovascular and respiratory activity, driving performance, vehicle control, limb movement, head position, and self-reported state. Based on existing theories of human behavior under time pressure, we distinguished three categories of results: (1) driving speed, (2) physiological measures, and (3) driving strategies. Fifty-four participants drove a 6.9-km urban track with overtaking, car following, and intersection scenarios, first with no time pressure (NTP) and subsequently with time pressure (TP) induced by a time constraint and a virtual passenger urging to hurry up. The results showed that under TP in comparison to NTP, participants (1) drove significantly faster, an effect that was also reflected in auxiliary measures such as maximum brake position, throttle activity, and lane keeping precision, (2) exhibited increased physiological activity, such as increased heart rate, increased respiration rate, increased pupil diameter, and reduced blink rate, and (3) adopted scenario-specific strategies for effective task completion, such as driving to the left of the lane during car following, and early visual lookout when approaching intersections. The effects of TP relative to NTP were generally large and statistically significant. However, individual differences in absolute values were large. Hence, we recommend that real-time driver feedback technologies use relative instead of absolute criteria for assessing the driver's state.",Psychophysiology | Simulation | Virtual reality | Workload,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2016-08-01,Article,"Rendon-Velez, E.;van Leeuwen, P. M.;Happee, R.;Horváth, I.;van der Vegte, W. F.;de Winter, J. C.F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84988487390,10.1509/jmr.13.0398,Reliability Optimization in the Design of Distributed Systems,"This research demonstrates the importance of thin slices of information in ad and brand evaluation, with important implications for advertising research and management. Three controlled experiments, two in the behavioral lab and one in the field, with exposure durations ranging from very brief (100 msec) to very long (30 sec), demonstrate that advertising evaluation critically depends on the duration of ad exposure and on how ads convey which product and brand they promote, but in surprising ways. The experiments show that upfront ads, which instantly convey what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief but also after longer exposure durations. Mystery ads, which suspend conveying what they promote, are evaluated negatively after brief but positively after longer exposure durations. False front ads, which initially convey another identity than what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief exposures but negatively after longer exposure durations. Bayesian mediation analysis demonstrates that the feeling of knowing what the ad promotes accounts for these ad-type effects on evaluation.",Ad identification | Advertising | Exposure duration | Thin slice impressions | Time pressure,Journal of Marketing Research,2016-08-01,Article,"Elsen, Millie;Pieters, Rik;Wedel, Michel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-28244472252,10.1109/MS.2005.164,The Art and Science of Software Release Planning,"Poor release planning decisions can result in unsatisfied customers, missed deadlines, unmet constraints, and little value. The authors investigate the release planning process and propose a hybrid planning approach that integrates the knowledge and experience of human experts (the ""art"" of release planning) with the strength of computational intelligence (the ""science"" of release planning). © 2005 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2005-11-01,Article,"Ruhe, Günther;Saliu, Moshood Omolade",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032223749,10.1080/07421222.1998.11518200,Software Cost Estimation Using Economic Production Models,"One of the major difficulties in controlling software development project cost overruns and schedule delays has been developing practical and accurate software cost models. Software development could be modeled as an economic production process and we therefore propose a theoretical approach to software cost modeling. Specifically, we present the Minimum Software Cost Model (MSCM), derived from economic production theory and systems optimization. The MSCM model is compared with other widely used software cost models, such as COCOMO and SLIM, on the basis of goodness of fit and quality of estimation using software project data sets available in the literature. Judged by both criteria, the MSCM model is comparable to, if not better than, the SLIM, and significantly better than the rest of the models. In addition, the MSCM model provides some insights about the behavior of software development processes and environment, which could be used to formulate guidelines for better software project management polic es and practices.",Economic production theory | Software cost estimation | Software cost models | Software production | Software project management,Journal of Management Information Systems,1998-01-01,Article,"Hu, Qing;Plant, Robert T.;Hertz, David B.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000139307,10.1016/0950-5849(92)90077-3,Empirical Studies of Assumptions That Underlie Software Cost-Estimation Models,"The paper reviews some of the assumptions built into conventional cost models and identifies whether or not there is empirical evidence to support these assumptions. The results indicate that the assumption that there is a nonlinear relationship between size and effort is not supported, but the assumption of a nonlinear relationship between effort and duration is. Second, the assumption that a large number of subjective productivity adjustment factors is necessary is not supported. In addition, it also appears that a large number of size adjustment factors are unnecessary. Third, the assumption that staff experience and/or staff capability are the most significant cost drivers (after allowing for the effect of size) is not supported by the data available to the MERMAID project, but neither can it be confirmed from analysis of the COCOMO data set. Finally, the assumption that compression of schedule decreases productivity was not supported. In fact, none of the models of schedule compression currently included in existing cost models was supported by the data. © 1992.",cost estimation | cost-estimation models | productivity | software cost estimation,Information and Software Technology,1992-01-01,Article,"Kitchenham, BA",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035626767,10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699,The Effects of Time Pressure on Quality in Software Development: An Agency Model,"An agency framework is used to model the behavior of software developers as they weigh concerns about product quality against concerns about missing individual task deadlines. Developers who care about quality but fear the career impact of missed deadlines may take ""shortcuts."" Managers sometimes attempt to reduce this risk via their deadline-setting policies; a common method involves adding slack to best estimates when setting deadlines to partially alleviate the time pressures believed to encourage shortcut-taking. This paper derives a formal relationship between deadline-setting policies and software product quality. It shows that: (1) adding slack does not always preserve quality, thus, systematically adding slack is an incomplete policy for minimizing costs; (2) costs can be minimized by adopting policies that permit estimates of completion dates and deadlines that are different and; (3) contrary to casual intuition, shortcut-taking can be eliminated by setting deadlines aggressively, thereby maintaining or even increasing the time pressures under which developers work.",Agency Theory | Principal-Agent | Software Estimating | Software Measurement | Software Quality,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Lessons Learned from Modeling the Dynamics of Software Development,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029737850,10.1007/3-540-55963-9_35,A Discipline for Software Engineering,"The rapid pace of software technology places increasing demands on human talent and ability. While improved tools and methods will certainly help, it is also clear they are not sufficient. The challenge for software engineering education is thus to instill the basic disciplines software professionals will need to meet the enormous demands to face them in the future.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1992-01-01,Conference Paper,"Humphrey, Watts S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032050741,10.1287/mnsc.44.4.433,Software Development Practices Software Complexity and Software Maintenance Performance: A Field Study,"Software maintenance claims a large proportion of organizational resources. It is thought that many maintenance problems derive from inadequate software design and development practices. Poor design choices can result in complex software that is costly to support and difficult to change. However, it is difficult to assess the actual maintenance performance effects of software development practices because their impact is realized over the software life cycle. To estimate the impact of development activities in a more practical time frame, this research develops a two-stage model in which software complexity is a key intermediate variable that links design and development decisions to their downstream effects on software maintenance. The research analyzes data collected from a national mass merchandising retailer on 29 software enhancement projects and 23 software applications in a large IBM COBOL environment. Results indicate that the use of a code generator in development is associated with increased software complexity and software enhancement project effort. The use of packaged software is associated with decreased software complexity and software enhancement effort. These results suggest an important link between software development practices and maintenance performance.",Management of Computing and Information Systems | Software Complexity | Software Economics | Software Maintenance | Software Metrics | Software Productivity | Software Quality,Management Science,1998-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Davis, Gordon B.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249089799,10.2307/249206,The Economics of Software Quality Assurance: A Simulation-Based Case Study,"Software quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the successful development and maintenance of software systems. Because the QA activity adds significantly to the cost of developing software, the cost-effectiveness of QA has been a pressing concern to software quality managers. As of yet, though, this concern has not been adequately addressed in the literature. The objective of this article is to investigate the tradeoffs between the economic benefits and costs of QA. A comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process was developed that serves as an experimentation vehicle for QA policy. One such experiment, involving a NASA software project, is discussed in detail. In this experiment, the level of QA expenditure was found to have a significant impact on the project's total cost. The model was also used to identify the optimal QA expenditure level and its distribution throughout the project's lifecycle.",Software cost | Software project management | Software quality assurance | System dynamics,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024611582,10.1109/32.21738,The Dynamics of Software Projects Staffing: A System Dynamics Based Simulation Approach,"People issues have gained recognition, in recent years, as being at the core of effective software project management. In this paper we focus on the dynamics of software project staffing throughout the software development lifecycles. Our research vehicle is a comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process. A detailed discussion of the model's structure as well as its behavior is provided. The results of a case study in which the model is used to simulate the staffing practices of an actual software project is then presented. The experiment produces some interesting insights into the policies (both explicit and implicit) for managing the human resource, and their impact on project behavior. The decision-support capability of the model to answer what-if questions is also demonstrated. In particular, the model is used to test the degree of interchangeability of men and months on the particular software project. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Note,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,Software Project Control: An Experimental Investigation of Judgment with Fallible Information,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,The Impact of Goals on Software Project Management: An Experimental Investigation,"Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973661060,10.1108/IJM-04-2014-0106,"""Planning Models for Software Reliability and Cost","Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how job demands and control contribute to the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on data for Belgian young workers up to the age of 26. The authors execute regression analyses, with autonomy, quantitative demands and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The authors account for unobserved individual heterogeneity by means of panel-data techniques. Findings – The results reveal a significant role of demands and control for the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. At career start, overeducated workers have less control than adequately educated individuals with similar skills levels, but more control than adequately educated employees doing similar work. Moreover, their control increases faster over the career than that of adequately educated workers with a similar educational background. Finally, demands have less adverse effects on satisfaction for high-skilled workers, irrespective of their match, while control moderates the negative satisfaction effect of overeducation. Research limitations/implications – Future research should look beyond the early career and focus on other potential compensation mechanisms for overeducation. Also the role of underlying mechanisms, such as job crafting, deserves more attention. Practical implications – The results suggest that providing more autonomy is an effective strategy to avoid job dissatisfaction among overeducated workers. Originality/value – The study connects two areas of research, namely, that on overeducation and its consequences and that on the role of job demands and control for workers’ well-being. The results contribute to a better understanding why overeducation persists. Moreover, they are consistent with the hypothesis that employers hire overeducated workers because they require less monitoring and are more able to cope with demands, although more direct evidence on this is needed.",Autonomy | Job demands-control model | Job satisfaction | Mismatch | Overqualification | Subjective well-being | Time pressure | Underemployment,International Journal of Manpower,2016-06-06,Article,"Verhaest, Dieter;Verhofstadt, Elsy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973333841,10.1038/srep27219,Feasibility Studies,"Previous experimental studies suggest that cooperation in one-shot anonymous interactions is, on average, spontaneous, rather than calculative. To explain this finding, it has been proposed that people internalize cooperative heuristics in their everyday life and bring them as intuitive strategies in new and atypical situations. Yet, these studies have important limitations, as they promote intuitive responses using weak time pressure or conceptual priming of intuition. Since these manipulations do not deplete participants' ability to reason completely, it remains unclear whether cooperative heuristics are really automatic or they emerge after a small, but positive, amount of deliberation. Consistent with the latter hypothesis, we report two experiments demonstrating that spontaneous reactions in one-shot anonymous interactions tend to be egoistic. In doing so, our findings shed further light on the cognitive underpinnings of cooperation, as they suggest that cooperation in one-shot interactions is not automatic, but appears only at later stages of reasoning.",,Scientific Reports,2016-06-02,Article,"Capraro, Valerio;Cococcioni, Giorgia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986097866,10.1108/09593849810204503,Machine Learning Approaches to Estimating Software Development Effort,"Discusses the characteristics of packaged software versus information systems (IS) development environments that capture the differences between the teams that develop software in these respective industries. The analysis spans four levels: the industry, the dynamics of software development, the cultural milieu, and the teams themselves. Finds that, relative to IS: the packaged software industry is characterized by intense time pressures, less attention to costs, and different measures of success; the packaged software development environment is characterized by being a “line” rather than “staff” unit, having a greater distance from the actual users/customers, a less mature development process; the packaged software cultural milieu is characterized as individualistic and entrepreneurial; the packaged software team is characterized as less likely to be matrix managed and being smaller, more co-located, with a greater shared vision. © 1998, MCB UP Limited",Corporate culture | Product differentiation | Software development | Teams,Information Technology & People,1998-03-01,Article,"Carmel, Erran;Sawyer, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927582170,10.1002/tesq.232,Striking a Balance in Boundary-Spanning Position: An Investigation of Some Unconventional Influences of Role Stressors and Job Characteristics on Job Outcomes of Salespeople,"Studies have shown that learners' task performance improves when they have the opportunity to repeat the task. Conditions for task repetition vary, however. In the 4/3/2 activity, learners repeat a monologue under increasing time pressure. The purpose is to foster fluency, but it has been suggested in the literature that it also benefits other performance aspects, such as syntactic complexity and accuracy. The present study examines the plausibility of that suggestion. Twenty Vietnamese EFL students were asked to give the same talk three times, with or without increasing time pressure. Fluency was enhanced most markedly in the shrinking-time condition, but no significant changes regarding complexity or accuracy were attested in that condition. Although the increase in fluency was less pronounced in the constant-time condition, this increase coincided with modest gains in complexity and accuracy. The learners, especially those in the time-pressured condition, resorted to a high amount of verbatim duplication from one delivery of their narratives to the next, which explains why relatively few changes were attested in performance aspects other than fluency. The findings suggest that, if teachers wish to implement repeated-narrative activities in order to enhance output qualities beyond fluency, the 4/3/2 implementation is not the most judicious choice, and opportunities for language adjustment need to be incorporated early in the task sequence.",,TESOL Quarterly,2016-06-01,Article,"Thai, Chau;Boers, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021069047,10.1017/S1041610216000028,The Psychology of Computer Programming,,,Travail Humain,1983-01-01,Article,"Hoc, J. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020884710,,The Stress of Life,,,Advances in Instrumentation,1983-12-01,Conference Paper,"Morrow, Ira;Robinson, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0004930425,10.1037/h0043340,The Relationship of Performance Level to Level of Arousal,"""A test of the hypothesis that an inverted-U relationship exists between the level of arousal and performance level was made by comparing the performance of 31 Ss on an auditory tracking task under different conditions of incentive . . . the data of this study give strong support to the hypothesis. The hypothesis held regardless of whether palmar conductance level or the EMG response of any one of four different muscle groups was used as the criterion of arousal."" (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1957 American Psychological Association.","INCENTIVE, & PERFORMANCE | RECEPTIVE AND PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES | TRACKING, AUDITORY, LEVEL, & INCENTIVE",Journal of Experimental Psychology,1957-07-01,Article,"Stennett, Richard G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149421997,10.1037/h0039547,Skin Conductance Levels and Verbal Recall,"In an effort to relate skin resistance to recall scores, two experiments, the second a replication of the first, presented male Ss with 30 pairs of meaningful words. There were 18 Ss in Exp. I and 32 in Exp. II. Each pair of words was presented once for 10 sec., with an interval of 10 sec. between pairs. Following this, there was a 6-min. delay before the reordered left-hand items were presented, 10 sec. at a time. The S was initially instructed to give as many of the right-hand items as he could remember, guessing if he wished. Skin resistance was continuously recorded throughout the experimental session and later converted to log conductance. The data from Exp. I suggested that moderate levels of skin conductance in the first minute of the learning session were related to better recall. This relation was substantiated at a highly significant level (P < .01) in Exp. II. It was also found that moderate levels of conductance in the first minute of the recall period were optimal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1962 American Psychological Association.",skin conductance | skin resistance | verbal recall,Journal of Experimental Psychology,1962-03-01,Article,"Berry, R. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84958046386,10.1016/j.apergo.2015.11.018,Activation and Behavior,"This study investigated both causal factors and consequences of time pressure in hospital-in-the-home (HITH) nurses. These nurses may experience additional stress from the time pressure they encounter while driving to patients' homes, which may result in greater risk taking while driving. From observation in natural settings, data related to the nurses' driving behaviours and emotions were collected and analysed statistically; semi-directed interviews with the nurses were analysed qualitatively. The results suggest that objective time constraints alone do not necessarily elicit subjective time pressure. The challenges and uncertainty associated with healthcare and the driving period contribute to the emergence of this time pressure, which has a negative impact on both the nurses' driving and their emotions. Finally, the study focuses on anticipated and in situ regulations. These findings provide guidelines for organizational and technical solutions allowing the reduction of time pressure among HITH nurses.",Driving | Nurses | Time pressure,Applied Ergonomics,2016-05-01,Article,"Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Forrierre, Justine;Naveteur, Janick;Dubreucq, Catherine;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-11144316650,10.1111/j.0965-075X.2004.00293.x,Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology,,,International Journal of Selection and Assessment,2004-01-01,Review,"Anderson, Neil;Sinangil, Handan Kepir;Viswesvaran, Chockalingam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017618783,10.1080/0097840X.1977.9936080,Interaction of Task Difficulty Activation and Work Load,"The performance of 25 subjects in three reaction tasks of different complexity was compared at different activation levels induced by five different work loads on a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate and blood pressure were used as indexes of activation. The results were in agreement with the Yerkes-Dodson law in that the optimal physiological activation level for rapid performance varied with the degree of task difficulty, relatively lower activation being more favorable the more difficult the task. © 1977 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Journal of Human Stress,1977-01-01,Article,"Sjöberg, Hans",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85175815192,10.1080/23311886.2023.2278209,The Mechanisms of Job Stress and Strain,"Cyberloafing refers to the act of using the internet for personal purposes, such as browsing social media or engaging in non-work-related online activities, while pretending to be engaged in work. While it is often seen as a form of procrastination or a way to escape from work-related tasks, it can also serve as a way for individuals to cope with emotions or alleviate stress. Based on the mediational model of stress, this study proposes that cyberloafing may mediate the impact of work stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload) on job-related strain which in this case is employees’ emotional exhaustion, and then emotional exhaustion will influence work outcomes. Subsequently, the responses to a survey by 299 employees from Malaysian public-listed organisations were gathered, while the structural equation modelling through partial least squares (PLS) was utilised to test the hypotheses of the direct and mediating effect. As a result, it was found that some work stressors might lead to cyberloafing among employees, while emotional exhaustion was found to influence job satisfaction and work efficiency. Additionally, the findings highlighted the underlying factor of the relation between cyberloafing among employees and different forms of cyberloafing. However, no support was found regarding the serial mediation effect of cyberloafing between work stressors and emotional exhaustion.",coping | cyberloafing | emotional exhaustion | mediational model of stress | role ambiguity | role conflict | role overload,Cogent Social Sciences,2023-01-01,Article,"Jamaluddin, Hasmida;Ahmad, Zauwiyah;Wei, Liew Tze",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84971454015,10.1109/icse.1992.753485,"""Effects of Goal Acceptance on the Relationship of Goal Setting and Task Performance","We experimentally explore the effects of time limitation on decision making. Under different time allowance conditions, subjects are presented with a queueing situation and asked to join one of the two given queues. The results can be grouped under two main categories. The first one concerns the factors driving decisions in a queueing system. Only some subjects behave consistently with rationality principles and use the relevant information efficiently. The rest of the subjects seem to adopt a simpler strategy that does not incorporate some information into their decision. The second category is related to the effects of time limitation on decision performance. A substantial proportion of the population is not affected by time limitations and shows consistent behavior throughout the treatments. On the other hand, some subjects’ performance is impaired by time limitations. More importantly, this impairment is not due to the stringency of the limitation but rather to being exposed to a time constraint.",Decision times | Experimentation | Join the shortest queue | Time pressure,Judgment and Decision Making,2016-05-01,Article,"Conte, Anna;Scarsini, Marco;Sürücü, Oktay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985905187,10.1166/asl.2016.6699,Play and Intrinsic Rewards,"In the present study, the researchers investigated contributing factors toward the presenteeism among academicians at public universities in Malaysia. This study was conducted in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Respondents consisted of 194 academicians from three selected public universities. The respondents were randomly selected and the data were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics showed that majority respondents were female (61.3%) academicians with aged range of 30–39 years (33.5%). Most of them were married (70.6%) and work as permanent staff (65%) of the public universities. However, the highest percentage of the respondents in job tenure was three (3) years (35.1%). Most respondents held master degree qualification (62.9%). In correlational analysis, the study found that there was a significant positive relationship between work-related contributing factors and the frequency of presenteeism in public universities. Academicians with high level of job demand were found to have high tendency and were more inclined towards attending at work while ill. In conclusion, the frequency of presenteeism could be reduced if the health status were improved. An improvement should be made for future study in investigating the organizational behavior relating to presenteeism.",Health status | Job demand | Job security | Presenteeism | Replaceability | Time pressure,Advanced Science Letters,2016-05-01,Article,"Maon, Siti Noorsuriani;Mansor, Mohamad Naqiuddin Md;Som, Rohana Mat;Ahmad, Mumtaz;Shakri, Siti Aishah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954547424,10.1016/j.joep.2015.12.002,Beyond Boredom and Anxiety,"We investigate whether and how time pressure affects performance. We conducted a field experiment in which students from an Italian University are proposed to choose between two exam schemes: a standard scheme without time pressure and an alternative scheme consisting of two written intermediate tests, one of which to be taken under time pressure. Students deciding to sustain the alternative exam are randomly assigned to a ""time pressure"" and a ""no time pressure"" group. Students performing under time pressure at the first test perform in absence of time pressure at the second test and vice versa. We find that being exposed to time pressure exerts a negative and statistically significant impact on students' performance. The effect is driven by a strong negative impact on females' performance, while there is no statistically significant effect on males. Both the quantity and quality of females' work is hampered by time pressure. Using data on students' expectations, we also find that the effect produced by time pressure on performance was correctly perceived by students. Female students expect a lower grade when working under time pressure, while males do not. These findings contribute to explain why women tend to shy away from jobs and careers involving time pressure.",Cognitive ability | Human sex differences | Time management | Time pressure,Journal of Economic Psychology,2016-04-01,Article,"De Paola, Maria;Gioia, Francesca",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870885674,10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705,Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation,"The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. The external validity and practical significance of goal-setting theory are explained, and new directions in goal-setting research are discussed. The relationships of goal setting to other theories are described as are the theory's limitations.",,American Psychologist,2002-01-01,Article,"Locke, Edwin A.;Latham, Gary P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954312835,10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.028,Parkinson's Law and Other Studies in Administration,"This paper reports on the results of a drivers' survey regarding the effects of speed cameras for speed enforcement in Israel. The survey was part of a larger study that accompanied the introduction of digital speed cameras. Speed camera deployment started in 2011, and till the end of 2013 twenty-one cameras were deployed in interurban road sections. Yearly surveys were taken between 2010 and 2013 in 9 gas stations near speed camera installation sites in order to capture drivers' opinions about speed and enforcement. Overall, 1993 drivers were interviewed. In terms of admitted speed behavior, 38% of the drivers in 2010, 21% in 2011, 13% in 2012 and 11% in 2013 reported that their driving speed was above the perceived posted speed limit. The proportion of drivers indicating some speed camera influence on driving decreased over the years. In addition, the majority of drivers (61%) predicted positive impact of speed cameras on safety. This result did not change significantly over the years. The main stated explanation for speed limit violations was time pressure, while the main stated explanation for respecting the posted speed was enforcement, rather than safety concerns. Linear regression and sigmoidal models were applied to describe the linkage between the reported driving speed (dependent) and the perceived posted speed (independent). The sigmoidal model fitted the data better, especially at high levels of the perceived posted speeds. That is, although the perceived posted speed increased, at some point the actual driving speed levels off (asymptote) and did not increase. Moreover, we found that the upper asymptote of the sigmoidal model decreased over the years: from 113.22 (SE = 18.84) km/h in 2010 to 88.92 (SE = 1.55) km/h in 2013. A wide variance in perceived speed limits suggest that drivers may not know what the speed limits really are.",Driver views | Enforcement | Speed,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2016-04-01,Article,"Schechtman, Edna;Bar-Gera, Hillel;Musicant, Oren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026207547,10.1287/mnsc.37.8.990,Parkinson's Law and Its Implications for Project Management,"Critical path models concerning project management (i.e. PERT/CPM) fail to account for work force behavioral effects on the expected project completion time. In this paper, we provide a modelling framework for project management activities, that ultimately accounts for expected worker behavior under Parkinson's Law. A stochastic activity completion time model is used to formally state Parkinson's Law. The developed model helps to examine the effects of information release policies on subcontractors of project activities, and to develop managerial policies for setting appropriate deadlines for series or parallel project activities.",,Management Science,1991-01-01,Article,"Gutierrez, Genaro J.;Kouvelis, Panagiotis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001170705,10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.322,Impact of Management by Objectives on Organizational Productivity,"Goal setting, participation in decision making, and objective feedback have each been shown to increase productivity. As a combination of these three processes, management by objectives (MBO) also should increase productivity. A meta-analysis of studies supported this prediction: 68 out of 70 studies showed productivity gains, and only 2 studies showed losses. The literature on MBO indicates that various problems have been encountered with implementing MBO programs. One factor was predicted to be essential to success: the level of top-management commitment to MBO. Proper implementation starts from the top and requires both support and participation from top management. Results of the meta-analysis showed that when top-management commitment was high, the average gain in productivity was 56%. When commitment was low, the average gain in productivity was only 6%.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1991-01-01,Article,"Rodgers, Robert;Hunter, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036319465,10.1147/sj.411.0004,A Review of the Influence of Group Goals on Group Performance,"In commercial software development organizations, increased complexity of products, shortened development cycles, and higher customer expectations of quality have placed a major responsibility on the areas of software debugging, testing, and verification. As this issue of the IBM Systems Journal illustrates, there are exciting improvements in the underlying technology on all three fronts. However, we observe that due to the informal nature of software development as a whole, the prevalent practices in the industry are still immature, even in areas where improved technology exists. In addition, tools that incorporate that more advanced aspects of this technology are not ready for large-scale commercial use. Hence there is reason to hope for significant improvements in this area over the next several years.",,IBM Systems Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Hailpern, Brent;Santhanam, Padmanabhan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974622719,10.1145/2854946.2854976,"""A Multi-Dimensional Model of Venture Growth","During information search, people often experience time pressure. This might be a result of a deadline, the system's performance or some other event. In this paper, we report results of a study with forty-five participants which investigated how time constraints and system delays impacted the user experience during information search. We randomly assigned half of our study participants to a treatment condition where they were only allowed five minutes per search task (the other half were given no time limits). For half of participants' search tasks, five second delays were introduced after queries were submitted and SERP results were clicked. We used multilevel modeling to evaluate a number of hypotheses about the effects of time constraint, system delays and user experience. We found those in the time constraint condition reported significantly greater time pressure, experienced higher task difficulty, less satisfaction with their performance, increased importance of working fast and engaged in more metacognitive monitoring. We found when experiencing system delays participants reported slower system speeds when encountering delays on the second task. This work opens a new line of inquiry into how time pressure impacts the search experience and how tools and interfaces might be designed to support people who are searching under time pressure. It also presents an example of how multilevel modeling can be used to better understand and model the complex interactions that occur during interactive information retrieval.",Search experience | System delays | Time pressure,CHIIR 2016 - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval,2016-03-13,Conference Paper,"Crescenzi, Anita;Kelly, Diane;Azzopardi, Leif",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249033737,10.1016/0749-5978(87)90020-3,Decision Responsibility Task Responsibility Identifiability and Social Loafing,"Two laboratory experiments were conducted. Results of the first experiment revealed that identifiability had no impact on the degree of cognitive loafing when group members were asked to make a decision. Identifiability did have an impact when group members were asked to express an opinion. The second experiment replicated findings of the first experiment and, in addition, indicated that unidentifiable individuals with sole task responsibility loafed more than unidentifiable individuals who shared task responsibility. Cognitive effort was measured through recall of stimulus material. © 1987.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1987-01-01,Article,"Price, Kenneth H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84969592224,10.1109/ICMLA.2015.233,Managing Contingent Workers,"Inferences about structured patterns in human decision making have been drawn from medium-scale simulated competitions with human subjects. The concepts analyzed in these studies include level-k thinking, satisficing, and other human error tendencies. These concepts can be mapped via a natural depth of search metric into the domain of chess, where copious data is available from hundreds of thousands of games by players of a wide range of precisely known skill levels in real competitions. The games are analyzed by strong chess programs to produce authoritative utility values for move decision options by progressive deepening of search. Our experiments show a significant relationship between the formulations of level-k thinking and the skill level of players. Notably, the players are distinguished solely on moves where they erred - according to the average depth level at which their errors are exposed by the authoritative analysis. Our results also indicate that the decisions are often independent of tail assumptions on higher-order beliefs. Further, we observe changes in this relationship in different contexts, such as minimal versus acute time pressure. We try to relate satisficing to insufficient level of reasoning and answer numerically the question, why do humans blunder?",Blunder | Game theory | Level-k thinking | Satisficing,"Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2015",2016-03-02,Conference Paper,"Biswas, Tamal;Regan, Kenneth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84957842439,10.1111/ijau.12054,Research in Organizational Behavior,"This study tests the association between time pressure, training activities and dysfunctional auditor behaviour in small audit firms. Based on survey responses from 235 certified auditors working in small audit firms in Sweden, the analysis shows that perceived time pressure is positively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour, while the level of participation in training activities such as workshops and seminars is negatively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour. These findings suggest that audit quality is at risk when auditors experience high levels of time pressure but also that auditors who frequently take part in training activities to a lesser extent engage in dysfunctional auditor behaviour.",Dysfunctional auditor behaviour | Small audit firms | Time pressure | Training activities,International Journal of Auditing,2016-03-01,Article,"Svanström, Tobias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963942493,10.1037/xap0000074,The Structural Complexity of Software: Testing the Interaction of Coupling and Cohesion,"Evidence accumulation models transform observed choices and associated response times into psychologically meaningful constructs such as the strength of evidence and the degree of caution. Standard versions of these models were developed for rapid (~1 s) choices about simple stimuli, and have recently been elaborated to some degree to address more complex stimuli and response methods. However, these elaborations can be difficult to use with designs and measurements typically encountered in complex applied settings. We test the applicability of 2 standard accumulation models-the diffusion (Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008) and the linear ballistic accumulation (LBA) (Brown & Heathcote, 2008)-to data from a task representative of many applied situations: the detection of heterogeneous multiattribute targets in a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator task. Despite responses taking more than 2 s and complications added by realistic features, such as a complex target classification rule, interruptions from a simultaneous UAV navigation task, and time pressured choices about several concurrently present potential targets, these models performed well descriptively. They also provided a coherent psychological explanation of the effects of decision uncertainty and workload manipulations. Our results support the wider application of standard evidence accumulation models to applied decision-making settings.",Decision uncertainty | Diffusion model | Linear ballistic accumulator model | Response time | Workload,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,2016-03-01,Article,"Palada, Hector;Neal, Andrew;Vuckovic, Anita;Martin, Russell;Samuels, Kate;Heathcote, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85024241306,10.1145/319382.319385,Evolving a New Theory of Project Success,,,Communications of the ACM,1999-11-01,Article,"Glass, Robert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85135325284,10.1201/b17461,Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach,"A Framework for Managing, Measuring, and Predicting Attributes of Software Development Products and ProcessesReflecting the immense progress in the development and use of software metrics in the past decades, Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition provides an up-to-date, accessible, and comprehensive introduction to soft.",,"Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition",2014-01-01,Book,"Fenton, Norman;Bieman, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001195181,10.1016/0950-5849(94)90083-3,Evidence on Economies of Scale in Software Development,"Researchers and practitioners have found it useful for cost estimation and productivity evaluation purposes to think of software development as an economic production process, whereby inputs, most notably the effort of systems development professionals, are converted into outputs (systems deliverables), often measured as the size of the delivered system. One central issue in developing such models is how to describe the production relationship between the inputs and outputs. In particular, there has been much discussion about the existence of either increasing or decreasing returns to scale. The presence or absence of scale economies at a given size are important to commercial practice in that they influence productivity. A project manager can use this knowledge to scale future projects so as to maximize the productivity of software development effort. The question of whether the software development production process should be modelled with a non-linear model is the subject of some recent controversy. This paper examines the issue of non-linearities through the analysis of 11 datasets using, in addition to standard parametric tests, new statistical tests with the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology. Results of this analysis support the hypothesis of significant non-linearities, and the existence of both economies and diseconomies of scale in software development. © 1994.",data envelopment analysis | function points | productivity measurement | returns to scale | scale economies | software development | software management | software metrics | source lines of code,Information and Software Technology,1994-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Chang, Hsihui;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031373186,10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1709,A Field Study of Scale Economies in Software Maintenance,"Software maintenance is a major concern for organizations. Productivity gains in software maintenance can enable redeployment of Information Systems resources to other activities. Thus, it is important to understand how software maintenance productivity can be improved. In this study, we investigate the relationship between project size and software maintenance productivity. We explore scale economies in software maintenance by examining a number of software enhancement projects at a large financial services organization. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the functional relationship between maintenance inputs and outputs and employ DEA-based statistical tests to evaluate returns to scale for the projects. Our results indicate the presence of significant scale economies in software maintenance, and are robust to a number of sensitivity checks. For our sample of projects, there is the potential to reduce software maintenance costs 36% by batching smaller modification projects into larger planned releases. We conclude by rationalizing why the software managers at our research site do not take advantage of scale economies in software maintenance. Our analysis considers the opportunity costs of delaying projects to batch them into larger size projects as a potential explanation for the managers' behavior.",Data Envelopment Analysis | Management of Computing and Information Systems | Software Economics | Software Engineering | Software Maintenance | Software Productivity,Management Science,1997-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020844328,10.1109/TSE.1983.235271,Software Function Source Lines of Code and Development Effort Prediction: A Software Science Validation,"One of the most important problems faced by software developers and users is the prediction of the size of a programming system and its development effort. As an alternative to “size,” one might deal with a measure of the “function” that the software is to perform. Albrecht [1] has developed a methodology to estimate the amount of the “function” the software is to perform, in terms of the data it is to use (absorb) and to generate (produce). The “function” is quantified as “function points,” essentially, a weighted sum of the numbers of “inputs,” “outputs,” master files,” and “inquiries” provided to, or generated by, the software. This paper demonstrates the equivalence between Albrecht’s external input/output data flow representative of a program (the “function points” metric) and Halstead’s [2] “software science” or “software linguistics” model of a program as well as the “soft content” variation of Halstead’s model suggested by Gaffney [7]. Further, the high degree of correlation between “function points” and the eventual “SLOC” (source lines of code) of the program, and between “function points” and the work-effort required to develop the code, is demonstrated. The “function point” measure is thought to be more useful than “SLOC” as a prediction of work effort because “function points” are relatively easily estimated from a statement of basic requirements for a program early in the development cycle. The strong degree of equivalency between “function points” and “SLOC” shown in the paper suggests a two-step work-effort validation procedure, first using “function points” to estimate “SLOC,” and then using “SLOC” to estimate the work-effort. This approach would provide validation of application development work plans and work-effort estimates early in the development cycle. The approach would also more effectively use the existing base of knowledge on producing “SLOC” until a similar base is developed for “function points.” The paper assumes that the reader is familiar with the fundamental theory of “software science” measurements and the practice of validating estimates of work-effort to design and implement software applications (programs). If not, a review of [1] -[3] is suggested. Copyright © 1983 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost estimating | function points | software linguistics | software science | software size estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1983-01-01,Article,"Albrecht, Allan J.;Gaffney, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951801163,10.1177/0007650312465150,Software Project Management Readings and Cases,"Off-shoring is a business decision increasingly being considered as a strategic option to effect expected cost savings. This exploratory study focuses on the moral recognition of off-shoring using ethical decision making (EDM) embedded within affective events theory (AET). Perceived magnitude of consequences and time pressure are hypothesized as affective event characteristics that lead to decision makers’ empathy responses. Subsequently, cognitive and affective empathy influence the decision makers’ moral recognition. Decision makers’ prior knowledge of off-shoring was also predicted to interact with perceptions of the affective event characteristics to influence cognitive and affective empathy. Findings from a limited sample of human resource management (HRM) professionals suggest that perceptions of magnitude of consequences and cognitive empathy directly relate to moral recognition and that affective empathy partially mediates the relationship between perceptions of the magnitude of consequences and moral recognition. The three-way interaction of the perceptions of magnitude of consequences, time pressure, and prior knowledge of off-shoring was marginally related to cognitive empathy. Interpretations of the findings, validity issues, limitations, future research directions, and management implications are provided.",empathy | magnitude of consequences | moral recognition | off-shoring | time pressure,Business and Society,2016-02-01,Article,"Mencl, Jennifer;May, Douglas R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034205501,10.1287/mnsc.46.6.745.11941,An Empirical Analysis of Productivity and Quality in Software Products,"We examine the relationship between life-cycle productivity and conformance quality in software products. The effects of product size, personnel capability, software process, usage of tools, and higher front-end investments on productivity and conformance quality were analyzed to derive managerial implications based on primary data collected on commercial software projects from a leading vendor. Our key findings are as follows. First, our results provide evidence for significant increases in life-cycle productivity from improved conformance quality in software products shipped to the customers. Given that the expenditure on computer software has been growing over the last few decades, empirical evidence for cost savings through quality improvement is a significant contribution to the literature. Second, our study identifies several quality drivers in software products. Our findings indicate that higher personnel capability, deployment of resources in initial stages of product development (especially design) and improvements in software development process factors are associated with higher quality products. © 2000 INFORMS.",CMM | Cost of quality | Front-end investments | Softivare process areas | Software quality and life-cycle productivity,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Krishnan, M. S.;Kriebel, C. H.;Kekre, Sunder;Mukhopadhyay, Tridas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746131,10.1287/mnsc.46.4.451.12056,Effects of Process Maturity on Quality Cycle Time and Effort in Software Product Development,"The information technology (IT) industry is characterized by rapid innovation and intense competition. To survive, IT firms must develop high quality software products on time and at low cost. A key issue is whether high levels of quality can be achieved without adversely impacting cycle time and effort. Conventional beliefs hold that processes to improve software quality can be implemented only at the expense of longer cycle times and greater development effort. However, an alternate view is that quality improvement, faster cycle time, and effort reduction can be simultaneously attained by reducing defects and rework. In this study, we empirically investigate the relationship between process maturity, quality, cycle time, and effort for the development of 30 software products by a major IT firm. We find that higher levels of process maturity as assessed by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity ModelTM are associated with higher product quality, but also with increases in development effort. However, our findings indicate that the reductions in cycle time and effort due to improved quality outweigh the increases from achieving higher levels of process maturity. Thus, the net effect of process maturity is reduced cycle time and development effort.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84966365377,10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.075619,Applied Software Measurement: Assessing Productivity and Quality,"This study tests several hypotheses regarding the relationships between time budget pressure, organisational-professional conflict, organisational commitment, and various forms of dysfunctional auditor behaviour. Data were collected from a sample of experienced auditors in Sweden, and the response rate was 21.4%. The results indicate that time budget pressure has an impact on under-reporting of time (URT), but not on reduced audit quality (RAQ) acts. Simultaneously, the organisational-professional conflict in accounting firms exerts an important influence on RAQ acts, but has no effect on URT. Contrary to our expectations, organisational commitment has no impact on RAQ acts or URT. The overall results indicate that aligning accounting firms' ethical cultures with professional values is an effective method to reduce the likelihood that auditors will commit RAQ acts, and that decreased time budget pressure may reduce URT.",Dysfunctional Auditor Behaviour | OPC | Organisational Commitment | Organisational-Professional Conflict | Time Budget Pressure,"International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation",2016-01-01,Article,"Svanberg, Jan;Öhman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,Software Effort Quality and Cycle Time: A Study of CMM Level 5 Projects,"The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985034297,10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.156,The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process,"The rapid growth of the market for the group purchase website brings opportunity and challenge, to obtain a stable customer base has become a key factor for the development of group purchase website, so we must identify what purchase factors affecting consumer choice. Through the cooperation with a large tourism group purchase platform in China, we obtain 181 days data that includes the purchase of 4898 group purchase products and related variables. Then we do an empirical analysis on the impact of the group purchase product factors, the results showed that the product advertising effect, product discount level, time pressure product page to display will have a significant impact on the amount of purchase products. Our research not only fills on the blank of influence factors of group purchase behavior, but also provides some practical guidance for the development of group purchase platform.",Advertising effect | Network group buying platform | Price information | Purchase quantity | Time pressure,Procedia Computer Science,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Liu, Yanbin;Liu, Wei;Yuan, Ping;Zhang, Zhonggen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986269049,10.1007/978-3-319-41959-6_9,Reducing Bias in Software Project Estimates,"The process of pilot constantly checking the information given by instruments was examined in this study to detect the effects of time pressure and task difficulty on visual searching. A software was designed to simulate visual detection tasks, in which time pressure and task difficulty were adjusted. Two-factor analysis of variance, simple main effect, and regression analyses were conducted on the accuracy and reaction time obtained. Results showed that both time pressure and task difficulty significantly affected accuracy. Moreover, an interaction was apparent between the two factors. In addition, task difficulty had a significant effect on reaction time, which had a linearly increasing relationship with the number of stimuli. By contrast, the effect of time pressure on reaction time was not so apparent under high reaction accuracy of 90 % or above. In the ergonomic design of a human-machine interface, a good matching between time pressure and task difficulty is key to yield excellent searching performance.",Accuracy | Reaction time | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Visual search,Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing,2017-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fan, Xiaoli;Zhou, Qianxiang;Xie, Fang;Liu, Zhongqi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024753382,10.1109/TSE.1989.559768,Scale Economies in New Software Development,"In this paper we reconcile two opposing views regarding the presence of economies or diseconomies of scale In new software development. Our general approach hypothesizes a production function model of software development that allows for both increasing and decreasing returns to scale, and argues that local scale economies or diseconomies depend upon the size of projects. Using eight different data sets, including several reported In previous research on the subject, we provide empirical evidence in support of our hypothesis. Through the use of the nonparametric DEA technique we also show how to identify the most productive scale size that may vary across organizations. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923167387,10.1016/j.ergon.2015.01.010,Several Tests for Model Specifications in the Presence of Multiple Alternatives,"Autonomous unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are being utilized at an increasing rate for a number of military applications. The role of a human operator differs from that of a pilot in a manned aircraft, and this new role creates a need for a shift in interface and task design in order to take advantage of the full potential of these systems. This study examined the effects of time pressure and target uncertainty on autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle operator task performance and workload. A 2 × 2 within subjects experiment design was conducted using Multi-Modal Immersive Intelligent Interface for Remote Operation (MIIIRO) software. The primary task was image identification, and secondary tasks consisted of responding to events encountered in typical UAS operations. Time pressure was found to produce a significant difference in subjective workload ratings as well as secondary task performance scores, while target uncertainty was found to produce a significant difference in the primary task performance scores. Interaction effects were also found for primary tasks and two of the secondary tasks. This study has contributed to the knowledge of UAS operation, and the factors which may influence performance and workload within the UAS operator. Performance and workload effects were shown to be elicited by time pressure. Relevance to industry: The research findings from this study will help the UAS community in designing human computer interface and enable appropriate business decisions for staffing and training, to improve system performance and reduce the workload.",Time pressure | Uncertainty | Unmanned aerial vehicles,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016-01-01,Article,"Liu, Dahai;Peterson, Trevor;Vincenzi, Dennis;Doherty, Shawn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974652608,10.1109/MS.2008.1,Applied Regression Including Computing and Graphics,"Does the use of a matrix tool in a design selection task help novice designers select the objectively best design even when they have seen a fixating design and are working under time pressure? The use of matrix tools in a design selection process can improve the selection decision, help identify shortcomings in the concepts, and indicate potential concept combinations. A quantified score for each concept can be calculated using a selection matrix assuming that the customer weights accurately reflect the importance of each function and the performance of each function is accurately measured. In these circumstances, a selection matrix is able to address and eliminate issues of bias in concept selection. Yet, the application of such tools may only be accomplished in introductory design courses in a superficial manner and may be less effective in practice than they could be. Limited time to apply the matrix tool and exposure to a fixating design example are two factors theorized to reduce the likelihood of using a selection matrix and to completing it properly. This study evaluated the ability of novice designers to overcome bias in a design selection process through the use of a selection matrix when time pressure was present vs. absent and when a fixating design was present vs. absent.",Design | Fixation | Matrix tools | Selection bias | Time pressure,International Journal of Engineering Education,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Krauss, Gordon G.;McConnaughey, James;Frederick, Emma;Mashek, Debra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949293691,10.1016/j.lindif.2015.11.006,On the Estimation of the Discrepancy between Empirical Curves of Distribution for Two Independent Samples,"Dual-process theories distinguish between human reasoning that relies on fast, intuitive processing and reasoning via cognitively demanding, slower analytic processing. Fuzzy-trace theory, in contrast, holds that intuitive processes are at the apex of cognitive development and emphasizes successes of intuitive reasoning. We address the role of intuition by manipulating time pressure in a probabilistic reasoning task. This task can be correctly solved by slow algorithmic processes, but requiring a quick response should encourage the use of fast intuitive processes. Adolescents and undergraduates completed three problems in which they compared a small-numbered ratio (which was always 9-in-10) to a large-numbered ratio that varied: a) 85-in-95 (smaller than 9-in-10); b) 90-in-100 (equal to 9-in-10); and c) 95-in-105 (larger than 9-in-10). Surprisingly, time pressure did not affect performance. Intelligence, cognitive reflection, and numeracy were correlated with performance, but only under time pressure. Advanced reasoning processes can be fast, intuitive, and contribute to cognitive abilities, in accordance with fuzzy-trace theory.",Fuzzy-trace theory | Individual differences | Intuition | Probability judgment | Time pressure,Learning and Individual Differences,2016-01-01,Article,"Furlan, Sarah;Agnoli, Franca;Reyna, Valerie F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953362459,10.1007/s11205-014-0833-1,"Citing ""Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort""","We use data from matched dual earner couples from the Australian Time Use Survey 2006 (n = 926 couples) to investigate predictors of different forms of domestic outsourcing, and whether using each type of paid help is associated with reduced time in male or female-typed tasks, narrower gender gaps in housework time and/or lower subjective time pressure. Results suggest domestic outsourcing does not substitute for much household time, reduces domestic time for men at least as much as for women, and does not ameliorate gender gaps in domestic labor. The only form of paid help associated with significant change in gender shares of domestic work was gardening and maintenance services, which were associated with women doing a greater share of the household total domestic work. We found no evidence that domestic outsourcing reduced feelings of time pressure. We conclude that domestic outsourcing is not effective in ameliorating time pressures or in changing gender dynamics of unpaid work.",Domestic outsourcing | Gender division of labor | Housework shares | Time pressure,Social Indicators Research,2016-01-01,Article,"Craig, Lyn;Baxter, Janeen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846859803,10.1109/TSE.2007.12,Focused on effort estimation and schedule quality is taken into account in the model presented. However no empirical evidence on time pressure or schedule compression and not focused on time pressure or schedule compression.,"Empirically based theories are generally perceived as foundational to science. However, in many disciplines, the nature, role and even the necessity of theories remain matters for debate, particularly in young or practical disciplines such as software engineering. This article reports a systematic review of the explicit use of theory in a comprehensive set of 103 articles reporting experiments, from of a total of 5,453 articles published in major software engineering journals and conferences in the decade 1993-2002. Of the 103 articles, 24 use a total of 40 theories in various ways to explain the cause-effect relationship(s) under investigation. The majority of these use theory in the experimental design to justify research questions and hypotheses, some use theory to provide post hoc explanations of their results, and a few test or modify theory. A third of the theories are proposed by authors of the reviewed articles. The interdisciplinary nature of the theories used is greater than that of research in software engineering in general. We found that theory use and awareness of theoretical issues are present, but that theory-driven research is, as yet, not a major issue in empirical software engineering. Several articles comment explicitly on the lack of relevant theory. We call for an increased awareness of the potential benefits of involving theory, when feasible. To support software engineering researchers who wish to use theory, we show which of the reviewed articles on which topics use which theories for what purposes, as well as details of the theories' characteristics. © 2007 IEEE.",Empirical software engineering | Experiments | Research methodology | Theory,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-01-01,Review,"Hannay, Jo E.;Sjøberg, Dag I.K.;Dybå, Tore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860568975,10.1037/a0025996,From origami to software development: A review of studies on judgment-based predictions of performance time.,"This article provides an integrative review of the literature on judgment-based predictions of performance time, often described as task duration predictions in psychology and as expert-based effort estimation in engineering and management science. We summarize results on the characteristics of performance time predictions, processes and strategies, the influence of task characteristics and contextual factors, and the relations between estimates and characteristics of the estimator. Although dependent on the type of study and the level of analysis, underestimation was more frequently reported than overestimation in studies from the engineering and management literature. However, this was not the case in studies from the psychology literature. Our summaries challenge earlier results regarding the effects of factors such as complexity/difficulty and experience. We also question the recurrent finding that small tasks are overestimated and large tasks are underestimated, as this to some extent can be a statistical artifact caused by random error. Several other influences on predictions are identified and discussed. These include various types of anchoring effects, performance and accuracy incentives, task decomposition, request formats, group estimation, revisions of initial ideal or incomplete estimates, level of abstraction, and superficial cues. We summarize similarities and differences between performance time predictions (e.g., number of work hours) and completion time predictions (e.g., delivery dates) because many studies fail to distinguish between these 2 types of predictions. Finally, we discuss methodological issues in time prediction research and implications for research and application. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Effort estimation | Performance time | Task duration | Time prediction,Psychological Bulletin,2012-03-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873113883,10.1109/ICSM.2012.6405288,A Cost Model Based on Software Maintainability,"In this paper we present a maintainability based model for estimating the costs of developing source code in its evolution phase. Our model adopts the concept of entropy in thermodynamics, which is used to measure the disorder of a system. In our model, we use maintainability for measuring disorder (i.e. entropy) of the source code of a software system. We evaluated our model on three proprietary and two open source real world software systems implemented in Java, and found that the maintainability of these evolving software is decreasing over time. Furthermore, maintainability and development costs are in exponential relationship with each other. We also found that our model is able to predict future development costs with high accuracy in these systems. © 2012 IEEE.",cost prediction model | development cost estimation | ISO/IEC 25000 | ISO/IEC 9126 | Software maintainability,"IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bakota, Tibor;Hegedus, Peter;Ladanyi, Gergely;Kortvelyesi, Peter;Ferenc, Rudolf;Gyimothy, Tibor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898619003,10.1109/TSE.2013.52,Improved evolutionary algorithm design for the project scheduling problem based on runtime analysis,"Several variants of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been applied to solve the project scheduling problem (PSP), yet their performance highly depends on design choices for the EA. It is still unclear how and why different EAs perform differently. We present the first runtime analysis for the PSP, gaining insights into the performance of EAs on the PSP in general, and on specific instance classes that are easy or hard. Our theoretical analysis has practical implications-based on it, we derive an improved EA design. This includes normalizing employees' dedication for different tasks to ensure they are not working overtime; a fitness function that requires fewer pre-defined parameters and provides a clear gradient towards feasible solutions; and an improved representation and mutation operator. Both our theoretical and empirical results show that our design is very effective. Combining the use of normalization to a population gave the best results in our experiments, and normalization was a key component for the practical effectiveness of the new design. Not only does our paper offer a new and effective algorithm for the PSP, it also provides a rigorous theoretical analysis to explain the efficiency of the algorithm, especially for increasingly large projects. © 2014 IEEE.",evolutionary algorithms | runtime analysis | Schedule and organizational issues | search-based software engineering | software project management | software project scheduling,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2014-01-01,Article,"Minku, Leandro L.;Sudholt, Dirk;Yao, Xin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,More testers–The effect of crowd size and time restriction in software testing,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902979895,10.1016/j.eswa.2014.05.003,A max–min ant system algorithm to solve the software project scheduling problem,"The Software Project Scheduling Problem is a specific Project Scheduling Problem present in many industrial and academic areas. This problem consists in making the appropriate worker-task assignment in a software project so the cost and duration of the project are minimized. We present the design of a Max-Min Ant System algorithm using the Hyper-Cube framework to solve it. This framework improves the performance of the algorithm. We illustrate experimental results and compare with other techniques demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of the approach, while reaching competitive solutions. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Ant Colony Optimization | Project management | Software engineering | Software Project Scheduling Problem,Expert Systems with Applications,2014-11-01,Article,"Crawford, Broderick;Soto, Ricardo;Johnson, Franklin;Monfroy, Eric;Paredes, Fernando",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950902597,10.1145/1718918.1718971,Sources of errors in distributed development projects: implications for collaborative tools,"An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects. Copyright 2010 ACM.",Collaborative tools | Concurrent engineering | Dependencies | Distributed development | Errors | Experience,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2010-04-20,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862944855,10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2616,Modeling Agile Software Maintenance Process Using Analytical Theory of Project Investment,"A new modeling approach to analyze the impact of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness of agile maintenance process is presented in this paper. Based on a causal loop diagram the authors developed earlier and the analytical theory of project investment, this paper analyzed the effect of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness. Preliminary results show that maintenance effectiveness is low when schedule pressure is high, and is high when schedule pressure is low. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.",Agile development methedology | Analytical theory of project investment | Simulation | Software engineering | System dynamics,Procedia Engineering,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kong, Xiaoying;Liu, Li;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84931091062,10.1109/ICSME.2014.26,Why do automated builds break? an empirical study,"To detect integration errors as quickly as possible, organizations use automated build systems. Such systems ensure that (1) the developers are able to integrate their parts into an executable whole, (2) the testers are able to test the built system, (3) and the release engineers are able to leverage the generated build to produce the upcoming release. The flipside of automated builds is that any incorrect change can break the build, and hence testing and releasing, and (even worse) block other developers from continuing their work, delaying the project even further. To measure the impact of such build breakage, this empirical study analyzes 3,214 builds produced in a large software company over a period of 6 months. We found a high ratio of build breakage (17.9%), and also quantified the cost of such build breakage as more than 336.18 man-hours. Interviews with 28 software engineers from the company helped to understand the circumstances under which builds are broken and the effects of build breakages on the collaboration and coordination of teams. We quantitatively investigated the main factors impacting build breakage and found that build failures correlate with the number of simultaneous contributors on branches, the type of work items performed on a branch, and the roles played by the stakeholders of the builds (for example developers vs. Integrators).",Automated Builds | Data Mining | Empirical Software Engineering | Software Quality,"Proceedings - 30th International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution, ICSME 2014",2014-12-04,Conference Paper,"Kerzazi, Noureddine;Khomh, Foutse;Adams, Bram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036638665,10.1287/orsc.13.4.402.2948,The role of the Project Management Office on Information Technology project success,"Successful application of concurrent development processes (concurrent engineering) requires tight coordination. To speed development, tasks often proceed in parallel by relying on preliminary information from other tasks, information that has not yet been finalized. This frequently causes substantial rework using as much as 50% of total engineering capacity. Previous studies have either described coordination as a complex social process, or have focused on the frequency, but not the content, of information exchanges. Through extensive fieldwork in a high-end German automotive manufacturer, we develop a framework of preliminary information that distinguishes information precision and information stability. Information precision refers to the accuracy of the information exchanged. Information stability defines the likelihood of changing a piece of information later in the process. This definition of preliminary information allows us to develop a time-dependent model for managing interdependent tasks, producing two alternative strategies: iterative and set-based coordination. We discuss the trade-offs in choosing a coordination strategy and how they change over time. This allows an organization to match its problem-solving strategy with the interdependence it faces. Set-based coordination requires an absence of ambiguity, and should be emphasized if either starvation costs or the cost of pursuing multiple design alternatives in parallel are low. Iterative coordination should be emphasized if the downstream task faces ambiguity, or if starvation costs are high and iteration (rework) costs are low.",Communication | Concurrent Engineering | Coordination | Information Processing | Preliminary Information | Problem-Solving Strategies | Product Development,Organization Science,2002-01-01,Article,"Terwiesch, Christian;Loch, Christoph H.;De Meyer, Arnoud",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928598392,10.1109/COMPSAC.2014.96,The issues of solving staffing and scheduling problems in software development projects,"Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) applies search-based optimization techniques in order to solve complex Software Engineering problems. In the recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of SBSE applications in areas such as Software Test, Requirements Engineering, and Project Planning. Our focus is on the analysis of the literature in Project Planning, specifically the researches conducted in software project scheduling and resource allocation. SBSE project scheduling and resource allocation solutions basically use optimization algorithms. Considering the results of a previous Systematic Literature Review, in this work, we analyze the issues of adopting these optimization algorithms in what is considered typical settings found in software development organizations. We found few evidence signaling that the expectations of software development organizations are being attended.",Literature review | Project management | Resource allocation | Scheduling | Search-Based Software Engineering | Staffing,Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference,2014-09-15,Conference Paper,"Peixoto, Daniela C.C.;Mateus, Geraldo R.;Resende, Rodolfo F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85052284458,10.2118/179207-ms,Rethinking replication in software engineering: Can we see the forest for the trees,"Incident investigation and analysis are crucially important parts of the learning from incidents process. They are also highly complex tasks, especially analyzing information to relate ""effects"" to ""causes. "" It requires the processing and judgment of vast amounts of information under often demanding circumstances like time pressure and lack of resources. These task elements are typical ingredients for the presence of so-called cognitive biases. These biases can have a negative influence on the validity of an investigation and can lead to incorrect and hence ineffective recommendations. This is also a serious issue from a legal perspective as in many cases an investigation has to be able to withstand scrutiny in legal proceedings. For individual investigators and teams it is very difficult to identify these biases by themselves if they do not know what ""red flags"" to look for. The questions posed in this paper are: What kind of cognitive biases are present in incident analyses and what can be done to detect and prevent them? Nine incident analysis reports have been evaluated to identify cognitive biases. These reports were written by certified investigators of an internationally operating safety consultancy. We extracted the factual elements from these reports, re-analyzed the incidents, and compared the conclusions to the original results We identified cognitive biases in all reports. The investigators can detect these biases themselves at an early stage of an investigation. Once identified, the investigators can update the analysis or search for extra information in supplemental investigations. The avoidance of cognitive biases can help organizations to avoid implementing ineffective recommendations and, maybe even more important, make sure that effective improvements are not missed.",,"Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Burggraaf, Julia;Groeneweg, Jop",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866843543,10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0146,Efficient effort estimation system viz. function points and quality assurance coverage,"Software development effort estimation is important for quality management in the software development industry, yet its automation still remains a challenging issue. Accurate estimation of software effort is critical in software engineering. Existing methods for software cost estimation will use very few quality factors for the estimation. So, in order to overcome this drawback, the authors proposed an efficient effort estimation system based on quality assurance coverage. This study is a basis for the improvement of software effort estimation research through a series of quality attributes along with constructive cost model (COCOMO). The classification of software system for which the effort estimation is to be calculated based on COCOMO classes. For this quality assurance ISO 9126 quality factors are used and for the weighing factors the function point metric is used as an estimation approach. Effort is estimated for MS word 2007 using the following models: Albrecht and Gaffney model, Kemerer model, SMPEEM model (Software Maintenance Project Effort Estimation Model and FP Matson, Barnett and Mellichamp model. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.",,IET Software,2012-08-01,Article,"Azath, H.;Wahidabanu, R. S.D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863665624,10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0104,Quantifying value of adding inspection effort early in the development process: A case study,"Many researchers have reported the defect growth within the evolutionary-developed large-scale systems, and increased fault slips from the early verification stages into late. This suggests that improvement in the early defect detection process control is needed. This study focuses on evaluation of adding inspection effort early in the development process. Based on the examination of the existing metrics used in defect detection process, the authors establish metrics to quantify its value from the quality and cost-benefit perspective. The effect of adding inspection effort early in the development process is evaluated in a case study using industrial data from history and an ongoing project involving three geographically distributed sites of the same globally distributed software development organisation with around 300 developers. The findings show that the expert-based decision criteria for additional investment are mostly based on quality and reliability issues, and less on costs. Consequently, the additional inspection improves significantly the quality, while the cost-benefit was not statistically significant. This leads to the conclusion that better decision criteria that would incorporate the costs and not only quality perceptions are the key for improving the product reliability, as well as the overall software life-cycle cost-efficiency. This study is motivated by the real industrial environment, and thus, contributes to both research and practice by presenting the empirical evidence. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.",,IET Software,2012-06-01,Article,"Grbac, Galinac T.;Car, Ž;Huljenić, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974569621,10.1145/2901739.2901752,"Mining valence, arousal, and dominance: possibilities for detecting burnout and productivity?","Similar to other industries, the software engineering domain is plagued by psychological diseases such as burnout, which lead developers to lose interest, exhibit lower activity and/or feel powerless. Prevention is essential for such diseases, which in turn requires early identification of symptoms. The emotional dimensions of Valence, Arousal and Dominance (VAD) are able to derive a person's interest (attraction), level of activation and perceived level of control for a particular situation from textual communication, such as emails. As an initial step towards identifying symptoms of productivity loss in software engineering, this paper explores the VAD metrics and their properties on 700,000 Jira issue reports containing over 2,000,000 comments, since issue reports keep track of a developer's progress on addressing bugs or new features. Using a general-purpose lexicon of 14,000 English words with known VAD scores, our results show that issue reports of different type (e.g., Feature Request vs. Bug) have a fair variation of Valence, while increase in issue priority (e.g., from Minor to Critical) typically increases Arousal. Furthermore, we show that as an issue's resolution time increases, so does the arousal of the individual the issue is assigned to. Finally, the resolution of an issue increases valence, especially for the issue Reporter and for quickly addressed issues. The existence of such relations between VAD and issue report activities shows promise that text mining in the future could offer an alternative way for work health assessment surveys.",,"Proceedings - 13th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2016",2016-05-14,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika;Adams, Bram;Destefanis, Giuseppe;Graziotin, Daniel;Ortu, Marco",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930406586,10.1504/IJASM.2015.068605,"How project duration, upfront costs and uncertainty interact and impact on software development productivity? A simulation approach","Identifying impact factors on software development productivity and the static relations between the impact factors and performance has been the main focus in the literature. Insight into the dynamic relation between key factors and performance dimensions would expand and complement the conventional wisdom on software development productivity. This is the first study to present such dynamic relationship based on an Analytical Theory of Project Investment. Through simulation, we have demonstrated the dynamic relationship between project duration, the uncertainty level of the perceived project value, the fixed project upfront cost and software development productivity. The findings provide practitioners with insight into how these factors interact and impact on software development project productivity.",Modelling | Simulation | Software development methodology | Software development productivity,International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Liu, Li;Kong, Xiaoying;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84983000211,10.21437/speechprosody.2016-106,"Evaluating the success of software development projects in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus","Previous work has shown that read and spontaneous monologues differ prosodically both in production and perception. In this paper, we examine to which extent similar effects can be found between spontaneous and read, or rather re-enacted, dialogues. It is possible that speakers can mimic conversational prosody very well. Another possibility is that in re-enacted dialogues, prosody is actually used less as a communicative device, as there is no need to establish a common ground or to organize the floor between interlocutors. In our study, we examined spontaneous and read dialogues of equal verbal content. The task-oriented dialogues contained a communicative situation implicitly calling for for a higher speaking rate (time pressure). Our results show that overall, speakers met this conversational demand of increased speaking rate both in the reenacted and in the spontaneous situation, although we find different global speaking rates between conditions. Also, read speech exhibits a lower F0 minimum and, consequently, a larger F0 range than spontaneous conversations, which may be explicable by a lack of active turn taking organization. Summing up, re-enacted conversational prosody resembles many features of spontaneous interaction, but also shows systematic differences.",Conversational prosody | Read speech | Speaking rate | Speaking styles | Spontaneous speech,Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wagner, Petra;Windmann, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928622899,10.1080/00207721.2013.827261,A risk-reduction approach for optimal software release time determination with the delay incurred cost,"Most existing research on software release time determination assumes that parameters of the software reliability model (SRM) are deterministic and the reliability estimate is accurate. In practice, however, there exists a risk that the reliability requirement cannot be guaranteed due to the parameter uncertainties in the SRM, and such risk can be as high as 50% when the mean value is used. It is necessary for the software project managers to reduce the risk to a lower level by delaying the software release, which inevitably increases the software testing costs. In order to incorporate the managers preferences over these two factors, a decision model based on multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is developed for the determination of optimal risk-reduction release time.",multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) | parameter uncertainty | software release time | software reliability,International Journal of Systems Science,2015-07-04,Article,"Peng, Rui;Li, Yan Fu;Zhang, Jun Guang;Li, Xiang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84994121044,10.1145/2568225.2568245,Time pressure: a controlled experiment of test case development and requirements review,"Time pressure is prevalent in the software industry in which shorter and shorter deadlines and high customer demands lead to increasingly tight deadlines. However, the effects of time pressure have received little attention in software engineering research. We performed a controlled experiment on time pressure with 97 observations from 54 subjects. Using a two-by-two crossover design, our subjects performed requirements review and test case development tasks. We found statistically significant evidence that time pressure increases efficiency in test case development (high effect size Cohens d=1.279) and in requirements review (medium effect size Cohens d=0.650). However, we found no statistically significant evidence that time pressure would decrease effectiveness or cause adverse effects on motivation, frustration or perceived performance. We also investigated the role of knowledge but found no evidence of the mediating role of knowledge in time pressure as suggested by prior work, possibly due to our subjects. We conclude that applying moderate time pressure for limited periods could be used to increase efficiency in software engineering tasks that are well structured and straight forward.",Experiment | Review | Test case development | Time pressure,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2014-05-31,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Petersen, Kai;Lehtinen, Timo O.A.;Lassenius, Casper",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947486883,10.1007/s11628-014-0259-5,A quantitative examination of critical success factors comparing agile and waterfall project management methodologies,"Despite the well-documented importance of the outcome of negotiation for strategic success, little attention has been paid to negotiations in outsourcing agreements. In view of this gap in the literature, this paper addresses the contextual factors that better explain the negotiation behavior displayed in increasingly frequent service outsourcing agreements. Exploratory research, based on the analysis of four cases of a service outsourcing negotiation process, leads to a series of proposals that form the basis for a further research agenda. Our findings suggest that negotiating behavior in service outsourcing can be explained by the power relationship, time pressure and, in particular, by the type of service outsourced. The latter appears to influence the impact of other contextual factors on negotiating behavior.",Negotiating behavior | Power relationship | Service outsourcing | Time pressure | Value creation,Service Business,2015-12-01,Article,"Saorín-Iborra, M. Carmen;Redondo-Cano, Ana;Revuelto-Taboada, Lorenzo;Vogler, Éric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923281540,10.1016/j.eswa.2015.01.066,Exact algorithm for matrix-based project planning problems,"This paper proposes a new matrix-based project planning method that takes into consideration task importance or probability of completions thus determines and ranks the importance or probability of possible project scenarios and project structures. The proposed algorithm is fast, aims to select the most important project scenarios or the least cost/time demanding project structures. The algorithm is generic, can host several types of goals dictated by the characteristics of project management and as such can be the fundamental element of a project expert- and decision-making system.",Decision-making tools | Exact algorithms | Project planning methods | Supporting traditional and agile project managements,Expert Systems with Applications,2015-06-01,Article,"Kosztyán, Zsolt T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947488010,10.1007/s10484-015-9302-0,"Software patterns, organizational learning and software process improvement","We showed in a previous study an additive interaction between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads and of participants’ alertness in an 1-back working memory task. The interaction between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads was only observed when participants’ alertness was low (i.e. in the morning). As alertness is known to reflect an individual’s general functional state, we suggested that the working memory capacity available for germane cognitive load depends on a participant’s functional state, in addition to intrinsic and extraneous loads induced by the task and task conditions. The relationships between the different load types and their assessment by specific load measures gave rise to a modified cognitive load model. The aim of the present study was to complete the model by determining to what extent and at what processing level an individual’s characteristics intervene in order to implement efficient strategies in a working memory task. Therefore, the study explored participants’ cognitive appraisal of the situation in addition to the load factors considered previously—task difficulty, time pressure and alertness. Each participant performed a mental arithmetic task in four different cognitive load conditions (crossover of two task difficulty conditions and of two time pressure conditions), both while their alertness was low (9 a.m.) and high (4 p.m.). Results confirmed an additive effect of task difficulty and time pressure, previously reported in the 1-back memory task, thereby lending further support to the modified cognitive load model. Further, in the high intrinsic and extraneous load condition, performance was reduced on the morning session (i.e. when alertness was low) on one hand, and in those participants’ having a threat appraisal of the situation on the other hand. When these factors were included into the analysis, a performance drop occurred in the morning irrespective of cognitive appraisal, and with threat appraisal in the afternoon (i.e. high alertness). Taken together, these findings indicate that mental overload can be the result of a combination of subject-related characteristics, including alertness and cognitive appraisal, in addition to well-documented task-related components (intrinsic and extraneous load). As the factors investigated in the study are known to be critically involved in a number of real job-activities, the findings suggest that solutions designed to reduce incidents and accidents at work should consider the situation from a global perspective, including individual characteristics, task parameters, and work organization, rather than dealing with each factor separately.",Alertness | Arithmetic task | Cognitive appraisal | Cognitive load | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Workload measures,Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback,2015-12-01,Article,"Galy, Edith;Mélan, Claudine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947492647,10.1007/s00221-015-4401-y,Circumstantial-evidence-based effort judgement for web service composition-based SOA implementations,"To prevent falls, adjustment of foot placement is a frequently used strategy to regulate and restore gait stability. While foot trajectory adjustments have been studied during discrete stepping, online corrections during walking are more common in daily life. Here, we studied quick foot placement adjustments during gait, using an instrumented treadmill equipped with a projector, which allowed us to project virtual stepping stones. This allowed us to shift some of the approaching stepping stones in a chosen direction at a given moment, such that participants were forced to adapt their step in that specific direction and had varying time available to do so. Thirteen healthy participants performed six experimental trials all consisting of 580 stepping stones, and 96 of those stones were shifted anterior, posterior or lateral at one out of four distances from the participant. Overall, long-step gait adjustments were performed more successfully than short-step and side-step gait adjustments. We showed that the ability to execute movement adjustments depends on the direction of the trajectory adjustment. Our findings suggest that choosing different leg movement adjustments for obstacle avoidance comes with different risks and that strategy choice does not depend exclusively on environmental constraints. The used obstacle avoidance strategy choice might be a trade-off between the environmental factors (i.e., the cost of a specific adjustment) and individuals’ ability to execute a specific adjustment with success (i.e., the associated execution risk).",Falls | Locomotion | Obstacle avoidance | Online corrections | Stepping accuracy | Walking,Experimental Brain Research,2015-12-01,Article,"Hoogkamer, Wouter;Potocanac, Zrinka;Duysens, Jacques",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874168256,10.1109/ICoAC.2012.6416816,Using differential evolution in the prediction of software effort,"Estimation of software is a very important and crucial task in the software development process. Due to the intangible nature of software, it is difficult to predict the effort correctly. There are number of options available to predict the software effort such as algorithmic models, non-algorithmic models etc. Estimation of Analogy has been proved to be most effective method. In this, the estimation is based on the similar projects that have been successfully completed already. If the parameters of the current project, matches well with the past project then it is easy to calculate the effort for current project. The success rate of the effort prediction largely depends on finding the most similar past projects. For finding the most relevant past project in estimation by analogy method, the computational intelligence tools have already been used. The use of Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithm has not fully solved the problem of selection of relevant projects. The main problems faced are Feature Selection and Similarity Measure between the projects. This can be achieved by using Differential Evolution. This is a population based search strategy. The Differential Evolution is used to compare the key attributes between the two projects. Thus we can get most optimal projects which can be used for the estimation of effort using analogy method. © 2012 IEEE.",COCOMO | Differential Evolution | Expert Judgment | Genetic Algorithm,"4th International Conference on Advanced Computing, ICoAC 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Thamarai, I.;Murugavalli, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946059895,10.17559/TV-20140519212813,Software Project Scheduling using the Hyper-Cube Ant Colony Optimization algorithm,This paper introduces a proposal of design of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm paradigm using Hyper-Cube framework to solve the Software Project Scheduling Problem. This NP-hard problem consists in assigning tasks to employees in order to minimize the project duration and its overall cost. This assignment must satisfy the problem constraints and precedence between tasks. The approach presented here employs the Hyper-Cube framework in order to establish an explicitly multidimensional space to control the ant behaviour. This allows us to autonomously handle the exploration of the search space with the aim of reaching encouraging solutions.,Ant Colony Optimization | Hyper-Cube | Scheduling | Software Project Management,Tehnicki Vjesnik,2015-10-22,Article,"Crawford, Broderick;Soto, Ricardo;Johnson, Franklin;Misra, Sanjay;Paredes, Fernando;Olguín, Eduardo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An integrated approach to measurement software defect using software matrices,"Creativity is a critical aspect of competitiveness in all trades and professions. In the case of designers, creativity is of the utmost importance. Based on the perspective of industrial design, the relationship between creativity and time pressure was investigated in this study using control and experimental groups. In the first part of the study, fuzzy theory, the Creative Product Analysis Matrix, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Consensus Assessment Techniques were integrated to establish a method to evaluate creativity in industrial design. Moreover, the experimental and control groups were compared using three tests: the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, the product concept development test, and the product aesthetic development test. Six hypotheses were examined. Based on an analysis of the results, suggestions are offered to improve creativity management. The suggestions can serve as reference for creativity management of individuals, groups and companies in order to make the concept generating process more efficient.",Creativity | Design education | Design method(s) | Design methodology | Fuzzy theory | Product design,International Journal of Technology and Design Education,2017-06-01,Article,"Hsiao, Shih Wen;Wang, Ming Feng;Chen, Chien Wie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,More testers–The effect of crowd size and time restriction in software testing,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84960156156,10.1109/ICMTMA.2015.192,Evaluating the e ect of code duplications on software maintainability,"To predict the changes of mental workload for the pilot, a mental workload prediction model based on the information display interface, which comprehensively considering the influences of time pressure, information intensity and multidimensional information coding on mental workload, was proposed. In order to verify the validity of the model, 20 subjects performed an indicators monitoring task under different task conditions. Performance measure, subjective measure and physiological measure were adopted for evaluation the mental workload. The integrated experimental results reveal that the changing trend of mental workload calculated by the theoretical model is relatively highly correlated with the practical experimental results. This mental workload prediction model will provide a reference for the ergonomics evaluation and optimization design of cockpit display interface.",Display Interface | Ergonomics | Mathematical Model | Mental Workload | Time Pressure,"Proceedings - 2015 7th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2015",2015-09-11,Conference Paper,"Ma, Meiling;Wanyan, Xiaoru;Zhuang, Damin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953782801,10.1109/CSCWD.2010.5471998,Coordination and pressing: A formula for teamwork — A case study,"The software industry has recognized the importance of teamwork as a driver for good projects results. However teamwork is not an easy goal to reach, because there is a large list of variables affecting the process. Each project probably will require a particular recipe to promote and perform real teamwork. Therefore a one-size fits-all approach does not work to promote teamwork in the software development scenarios. This article presents an influence model that helps the development teams to find a strategy that allow them to carry out teamwork. This model is the result of an analysis conducted by the authors on 27 software projects performed in a controlled setting in an academic environment. © 2010 IEEE.",Human behavior | Software development teams | Teamwork,"Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marques, Maira;Ochoa, Sergio F.;Quispe, Alcides;Silvestre, Luis;Villena, Agustin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901820618,10.1002/pmj.21411,A Hybrid approach for software project scheduling,"In this article we focus on the quantitative project scheduling problem in IT companies that apply the agile management philosophy and Scrum, in particular. We combine mathematical programming with an agile project flow using a modified multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling model for software projects (MRCPSSP). The proposed approach can be used to generate schedules as benchmarks for agile development iterations. Computational experiments based on real project data indicate that this approach significantly reduces the project cycle time. The approach can be a useful addition to agile project management, especially for software projects with predefined deadlines and budgets. © 2014 by the Project Management Institute.",agile software development | quantitative project management | Scrum | software project scheduling,Project Management Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Jahr, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876277080,10.1142/S0218194012500301,Impact of Software Complexity on Development Productivity,"With increasing demands on software functions, software systems become more and more complex. This complexity is one of the most pervasive factors affecting software development productivity. Assessing the impact of software complexity on development productivity helps to provide effective strategies for development process and project management. Previous research literatures have suggested that development productivity declines exponentially with software complexity. Borrowing insights from cognitive learning psychology and behavior theory, the relationship between software complexity and development productivity was reexamined in this paper. This research identified that the relationship partially showed a U-shaped as well as an inverted U-shaped curvilinear tendency. Furthermore, the range of complexity level that is beneficial for productivity has been presented, in which, the lower bound denotes the minimum degree of complexity at which personnel can be motivated, while the upper bound shows the maximum extent of complexity that staff can endure. Based on our findings, some guidelines for improving personnel management of software industry have also been given. © 2012 World Scientific Publishing Company.",behavior theory | cognitive psychology | productivity | Software complexity,International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering,2012-12-01,Article,"Zhan, Jizhou;Zhou, Xianzhong;Zhao, Jiabao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927730115,10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.03.014,Funding the technology of a research university,"Consumer buying decisions for food reflect considerations about food production.However, consumers' interest in process-related product characteristics does not always translate into buying intentions. The present study investigates how situational factors affect the use of process-related considerations when consumers select food products. A conjoint study provides estimated part worth utilities for product alternatives that differ on five product attributes (including four process-related factors) across two products (bread and sports drink) that differ on perceived naturalness. The investigation of the utilities of the process-related attributes features both an internal (priming of environmental values/value centrality) and an external (time pressure) situational factor. The results indicate that the importance of process-related attributes is product specific and also depends on situational factors.",Priming | Process-related attribute | Situational factors | Time pressure,Food Quality and Preference,2015-09-01,Article,"Loebnitz, Natascha;Mueller Loose, Simone;Grunert, Klaus G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953791726,10.1145/2766462.2767817,CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR PORTFOLIO COST MANAGEMENT IN OFFSHORE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING RELATIONSHIP,"We report preliminary results of the impact of time pressure and system delays on search behavior from a laboratory study with forty-three participants. To induce time pressure, we randomly assigned half of our study participants to a treatment condition where they were only allowed five minutes to search for each of four ad-hoc search topics. The other half of the participants were given no task time limits. For half of participants' search tasks (n=2), five second delays were introduced after queries were submitted and SERP results were clicked. Results showed that participants in the time pressure condition queried at a significantly higher rate, viewed significantly fewer documents per query, had significantly shallower hover and view depths, and spent significantly less time examining documents and SERPs. We found few significant differences in search behavior for system delay or interaction effects between time pressure and system delay. These initial results show time pressure has a significant impact on search behavior and suggest the design of search interfaces and features that support people who are searching under time pressure.",Search behavior | System delays | Time pressure,SIGIR 2015 - Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval,2015-08-09,Conference Paper,"Crescenzi, Anita;Kelly, Diane;Azzopardi, Leif",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930406586,10.1504/IJASM.2015.068605,"How Project Duration, Upfront Costs And Uncertainty Interact And Impact On Software Development Productivity? A Simulation Approach","Identifying impact factors on software development productivity and the static relations between the impact factors and performance has been the main focus in the literature. Insight into the dynamic relation between key factors and performance dimensions would expand and complement the conventional wisdom on software development productivity. This is the first study to present such dynamic relationship based on an Analytical Theory of Project Investment. Through simulation, we have demonstrated the dynamic relationship between project duration, the uncertainty level of the perceived project value, the fixed project upfront cost and software development productivity. The findings provide practitioners with insight into how these factors interact and impact on software development project productivity.",Modelling | Simulation | Software development methodology | Software development productivity,International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Liu, Li;Kong, Xiaoying;Chen, Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930618857,10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.04.002,quantitative comparative and correlational study of critical success factors for information technology projects,"Does cognition begin with an undifferentiated stimulus whole, which can be divided into distinct attributes if time and cognitive resources allow (Differentiation Theory)? Or does it begin with the attributes, which are combined if time and cognitive resources allow (Combination Theory)? Across psychology, use of the terms analytic and non-analytic imply that Differentiation Theory is correct-if cognition begins with the attributes, then synthesis, rather than analysis, is the more appropriate chemical analogy. We re-examined four classic studies of the effects of time pressure, incidental training, and concurrent load on classification and category learning (Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Shapiro, 1989; Ward, 1983). These studies are typically interpreted as supporting Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory, while more recent work in classification (Milton et al., 2008, et seq.) supports the opposite conclusion. Across seven experiments, replication and re-analysis of the four classic studies revealed that they do not support Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory-two experiments support Combination Theory over Differentiation Theory, and the remainder are compatible with both accounts. We conclude that Combination Theory provides a parsimonious account of both classic and more recent work in this area. The presented data do not require Differentiation Theory, nor a Combination-Differentiation hybrid account.",Analytic | Categorization | Category learning | Concurrent load | Holistic | Nonanalytic | Time pressure,Cognitive Psychology,2015-08-01,Article,"Wills, Andy J.;Inkster, Angus B.;Milton, Fraser",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939988932,10.1007/s11947-015-1488-x,Myths and over-simplifications in software engineering,"Generic kinetic models for microbial inactivation by high pressure processing (HPP) would accelerate the development of commercial applications. The aim of this work was to develop a generic model obtained by fitting peer-reviewed microbial inactivation data (124 kinetic curves) to first-order kinetics (LKM), Weibull (WBLL), and Gompertz (GMPZ) primary and secondary models. Standard statistics (coefficient of determination (R2), variance, residuals plots, experimental vs. predicted plots) and information theory criteria (Akaike Information Criteria, AIC; Akaike differences, ∆AICi, Bayesian Information Criteria) determined their goodness of fit. Standard statistics showed no differences between WBLL and GMPZ, whereas information theory criteria identified WBLL as the best model (lowest AICi value, 61.3 % of cases). LKM performed poorly according to all statistics (e.g., ∆AICi > 10, 58.1 % of cases). The dispersion of model parameters prevented the derivation of a secondary model for the whole dataset, but clear trends and sufficient data (56 kinetic curves) were found to develop one for milk. A secondary WBLL model (b′ = 0.056–2.230, n = 0.758 − 0.403; 150–600 MPa) was the best alternative (AICi = 183.8). A GMPZ model yielded similar predictions, but registered ∆AICi = 19.3 reflecting its larger number of parameters (p = 8). Selecting datasets with pressure holding times of commercial interest (t ≤ 10 min) yielded different parameter estimates for the generic WBLL model (b′ = 0.079–1.859, n = 1.340–0.557; 300–600 MPa). In conclusion, information theory criteria complemented standard statistics, and the simpler WBLL secondary model (p = 4) provided a product-specific time-pressure function of industrial relevance.",Akaike information criteria (AIC) | First-order kinetics model | Gompertz model | High pressure processing (HPP) | Information theory criteria | Microbial inactivation kinetics | Weibull model,Food and Bioprocess Technology,2015-06-01,Article,"Serment-Moreno, Vinicio;Fuentes, Claudio;Barbosa-Cánovas, Gustavo;Torres, José Antonio;Welti-Chanes, Jorge",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937698294,10.1152/jn.00845.2013,STUDY OF MODIFIED GENETIC ALGORITHM-SIMULATED ANNEALING FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SOFTWARE EFFORT AND COST,"A hallmark of flexible behavior is the brain’s ability to dynamically adjust speed and accuracy in decision-making. Recent studies suggested that such adjustments modulate not only the decision threshold, but also the rate of evidence accumulation. However, the underlying neuronal-level mechanism of the rate change remains unclear. In this work, using a spiking neural network model of perceptual decision, we demonstrate that speed and accuracy of a decision process can be effectively adjusted by manipulating a top-down control signal with balanced excitation and inhibition [balanced synaptic input (BSI)]. Our model predicts that emphasizing accuracy over speed leads to reduced rate of ramping activity and reduced baseline activity of decision neurons, which have been observed recently at the level of single neurons recorded from behaving monkeys in speed-accuracy tradeoff tasks. Moreover, we found that an increased inhibitory component of BSI skews the decision time distribution and produces a pronounced exponential tail, which is commonly observed in human studies. Our findings suggest that BSI can serve as a top-down control mechanism to rapidly and parametrically trade between speed and accuracy, and such a cognitive control signal presents both when the subjects emphasize accuracy or speed in perceptual decisions.",Balanced input | Decision making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Top-down control,Journal of Neurophysiology,2015-05-20,Article,"Lo, Chung Chuan;Wang, Cheng Te;Wang, Xiao Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946190227,10.1016/j.lindif.2015.04.002,Decision-Tree Models for Predicting Time Performance in Software-Intensive Projects,"An experiment evaluated a transformation of response time (RT) into response rate adjusted for errors (RRAdj) for its ability to accommodate different speed-accuracy tradeoffs (SATs). Participants solved 2-step arithmetic problems under instructional conditions that emphasized speed versus accuracy of responding. RT and error variables were transformed using RRAdj and three additional computations to determine which better equated performance scores under the two tradeoff conditions. Effective adjustment for SAT strategy was evaluated by the equivalence of predictive relationships with other variables, regardless of SAT instructional set. Of the scoring computations compared, RRAdj alone equated performance in the tradeoff conditions, and it was optimized when accuracy was adjusted for guessing. Thus, in certain multistep cognitive tasks, incorporating RT and error data in the RRAdj computation could at least partially adjust for differing SAT strategies and embody additional meaningful variance compared to the commonly used RT for correct responses.",Errors | Response time | RR Adj | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Learning and Individual Differences,2015-05-01,Article,"Sorensen, Linda J.;Woltz, Dan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925002603,10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.008,Software Project Planning and Resource Allocation Using Ant Colony Optimization with Uncertainty Handling,"Objective: Regular use of recommended preventive health services can promote good health and prevent disease. However, individuals may forgo obtaining preventive care when they are busy with competing activities and commitments. This study examined whether time pressure related to work obligations creates barriers to obtaining needed preventive health services. Methods: Data from the 2002-2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were used to measure the work hours of 61,034 employees (including 27,910 females) and their use of five preventive health services (flu vaccinations, routine check-ups, dental check-ups, mammograms and Pap smear). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between working hours and use of each of those five services. Results: Individuals working long hours (>. 60 per week) were significantly less likely to obtain dental check-ups (OR. = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.91) and mammograms (OR. = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.73). Working 51-60. h weekly was associated with less likelihood of receiving Pap smear (OR. = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.96). No association was found for flu vaccination. Conclusions: Time pressure from work might create barriers for people to receive particular preventive health services, such as breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening and dental check-ups. Health practitioners should be aware of this particular source of barriers to care.",Cancer screening | Dental check-up | Flu vaccination | Mammogram | Overtime | Pap smear | Preventive health services | Time pressure | Work hours,Preventive Medicine,2015-05-01,Article,"Yao, Xiaoxi;Dembe, Allard E.;Wickizer, Thomas;Lu, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945474824,10.1007/s11606-015-3341-3,Investigating the causal mechanisms underlying the customization of software development methods,,Burnout | Health policy | Primary care | Quality of care | Time pressure,Journal of General Internal Medicine,2015-11-01,Article,"Linzer, Mark;Bitton, Asaf;Tu, Shin Ping;Plews-Ogan, Margaret;Horowitz, Karen R.;Schwartz, Mark D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929494382,10.1371/journal.pone.0123740,The Analysis of Project Factors for Software Development Effort and Quality: The Impact and Estimation 對軟件開發工作量和質量中項目因子的分析: 其影響和,"Time pressure has been found to impact decision making in various ways, but studies on the effects time pressure in risky financial gambles have been largely limited to description-based decision tasks and to the gain domain. We present two experiments that investigated the effect of time pressure on decisions from description and decisions from experience, across both gain and loss domains. In description-based choice, time pressure decreased risk seeking for losses, whereas for gains there was a trend in the opposite direction. In experience-based choice, no impact of time pressure was observed on risk-taking, suggesting that time constraints may not alter attitudes towards risk when outcomes are learned through experience.",,PLoS ONE,2015-04-17,Article,"Wegier, Pete;Spaniol, Julia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928320311,10.1016/S0164-1212(01)00066-8,AN OPTIMIZED EVENT BASED SOFTWARE PROJECT SCHEDULING WITH UNCERTAINTY TREATMENT,"Software organizations every day meet new challenges in the workflow of different projects. Scheduling the software projects is important and challenging for software project managers. Efficient Project plans reduce the cost of software construction. Efficient resource allocation will obtain the desired result. Task scheduling and human resource allocation were done in many software modeling. Even though we are having large number of scheduling and staffing techniques like Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), PSO-GA, there is a need to address uncertainties in requirements, process execution and in resources. But many of the resource plans was affected by the unexpected joining and leaving event of human resources which may call uncertainty. We develop a prototype tool to support managing uncertainties using simulation and simple models for management decisions about resource reallocation. We also used some real-world data in evaluating our approach. This paper presents, a solution to the problem of uncertain events occurred in the software project planning and resource allocation. This paper presents a solution to the uncertainties in human resource allocation.",Ant colony algorithm (ACA) | Genetic algorithm (GA) | Resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) | Software project scheduling problem (SPSP),ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,2015-01-01,Article,"Yarramsetti, Sarojini;Kousalya, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949929158,10.1109/CA.2014.12,An Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Software Project Management,This paper deals with the scheduling problem of software project management (SPM) and present an approach. It addresses this problem by means of the development of an ant colony optimization-based algorithm. This new approach is for resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) in PERT networks and Gantt Chart. The goal is to minimize cost and duration. The results show that this approach can be used to solve the Software Project Scheduling Problem.,,"Proceedings - 7th International Conference on Control and Automation, CA 2014",2014-01-28,Conference Paper,"Han, Wanjiang;Zhang, Xiaoyan;Jiang, Heyang;Li, Weijian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449579493,10.1109/NISS.2009.114,QUANTITATIVE QUALITY ASSURANCE APPROACH,"There is profound confusion at the final stages of software development as to which defect discovered belongs to which phase of software development life cycle. Techniques like root cause analysis and orthogonal defect classification are commonly used practices that can be applied jointly with the software process to determine each defect attribute in terms of its type, trigger, source etc. However, there is a need to find a mechanism to determine the origin of those defects with respect to the verification technique applied to it in order to determine its efficiency in terms of its defects found and execution time. Defect containment matrix has been widely used to determine the efficiency of defect detection and removal processes at early life cycle phases. Nevertheless, having one vague value in terms of percentage of defects found for each phase proved to be inaccurate way due to the variations of defects severities and impact to the software schedule, effort and quality. This paper proposes a model that classifies each phase artifact to different work product according to its severity level © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science, NISS 2009",2009-11-20,Conference Paper,"Alshathry, Omar;Janicke, Helge;Zedan, Hussein;Alhussein, Abdullah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921343790,10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.01.001,Designing the Future Perfect: Developing a temporal understanding of the intentionality and generativity of organisational practices,"Computer users are often under stress when required to complete computer work within a required time. Work stress has repeatedly been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The present study examined the effects of time pressure workload during computer tasks on cardiac activity in 20 healthy subjects. Heart rate, time domain and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and Poincaré plot parameters were compared among five computer tasks and two rest periods. Faster heart rate and decreased standard deviation of R- R interval were noted in response to computer tasks under time pressure. The Poincaré plot parameters showed significant differences between different levels of time pressure workload during computer tasks, and between computer tasks and the rest periods. In contrast, no significant differences were identified for the frequency domain indices of HRV. The results suggest that the quantitative Poincaré plot analysis used in this study was able to reveal the intrinsic nonlinear nature of the autonomically regulated cardiac rhythm. Specifically, heightened vagal tone occurred during the relaxation computer tasks without time pressure. In contrast, the stressful computer tasks with added time pressure stimulated cardiac sympathetic activity.",Cardiac activity | Computer-mouse work | Electrocardiogram (ECG) | Heart rate variability (HRV) | Poincaré plot | Spectral analysis | Stress,Computers in Biology and Medicine,2015-03-01,Article,"Shi, Ping;Hu, Sijung;Yu, Hongliu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84954222912,10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01955,International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS),"While all humans are capable of non-verbally representing numerical quantity using so-called the approximate number system (ANS), there exist considerable individual differences in its acuity. For example, in a non-symbolic number comparison task, some people find it easy to discriminate brief presentations of 14 dots from 16 dots while others do not. Quantifying individual ANS acuity from such a task has become an essential practice in the field, as individual differences in such a primitive number sense is thought to provide insights into individual differences in learned symbolic math abilities. However, the dominant method of characterizing ANS acuity-computing the Weber fraction (w)-only utilizes the accuracy data while ignoring response times (RT). Here, we offer a novel approach of quantifying ANS acuity by using the diffusion model, which accounts both accuracy and RT distributions. Specifically, the drift rate in the diffusion model, which indexes the quality of the stimulus information, is used to capture the precision of the internal quantity representation. Analysis of behavioral data shows that w is contaminated by speed-accuracy tradeoff, making it problematic as a measure of ANS acuity, while drift rate provides a measure more independent from speed-accuracy criterion settings. Furthermore, drift rate is a better predictor of symbolic math ability than w, suggesting a practical utility of the measure. These findings demonstrate critical limitations of the use of w and suggest clear advantages of using drift rate as a measure of primitive numerical competence.",Approximate number system | Diffusion model | Math ability | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Weber fraction,Frontiers in Psychology,2015-01-01,Article,"Park, Joonkoo;Starns, Jeffrey J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941123848,10.1177/0018720814565189,It Is About Time: Investigating the Temporal Parameters of Decision-Making in Agile Teams,"Objective: The authors determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce resumption time when an ongoing task is interrupted. Background: Interruptions are common and disruptive. Working memory capacity has been shown to predict resumption lag (i.e., time to successfully resume a task after interruption). Given that tDCS applied to brain areas associated with working memory can enhance performance, tDCS has the potential to improve resumption lag when a task is interrupted. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups that received anodal (active) stimulation of 2 mA tDCS to one of two target brain regions, left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), or to one of two control areas, active stimulation of the left primary motor cortex or sham stimulation of the right DLPFC, while completing a financial management task that was intermittently interrupted with math problem solving. Results: Anodal stimulation to the right and left DLPFC significantly reduced resumption lags compared to the control conditions (sham and left motor cortex stimulation). Additionally, there was no speed-accuracy tradeoff (i.e., the improvement in resumption time was not accompanied by an increased error rate). Conclusion: Noninvasive brain stimulation can significantly decrease resumption lag (improve performance) after a task is interrupted. Application: Noninvasive brain stimulation offers an easy-to-apply tool that can significantly improve interrupted task performance.",resumption lag | speed-accuracy tradeoff | tDCS | working memory,Human Factors,2015-09-08,Article,"Blumberg, Eric J.;Foroughi, Cyrus K.;Scheldrup, Melissa R.;Peterson, Matthew S.;Boehm-Davis, Debbie A.;Parasuraman, Raja",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74349086313,10.1108/17465660910943748,Software reliability modeling and release time determination,"Purpose - The purpose of this research paper is to discuss a software reliability growth model (SRGM) based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process which incorporates the Burr type X testing-effort function (TEF), and to determine the optimal release-time based on cost-reliability criteria. Design/methodology/approach - It is shown that the Burr type X TEF can be expressed as a software development/testing-effort consumption curve. Weighted least squares estimation method is proposed to estimate the TEF parameters. The SRGM parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. The standard errors and confidence intervals of SRGM parameters are also obtained. Furthermore, the optimal release-time determination based on cost-reliability criteria has been discussed within the framework. Findings - The performance of the proposed SRGM is demonstrated by using actual data sets from three software projects. Results are compared with other traditional SRGMs to show that the proposed model has a fairly better prediction capability and that the Burr type X TEF is suitable for incorporating into software reliability modelling. Results also reveal that the SRGM with Burr type X TEF can estimate the number of initial faults better than that of other traditional SRGMs. Research limitations/implicationsThe paper presents the estimation method with equal weight. Future research may include extending the present study to unequal weight. Practical implicationsThe new SRGM may be useful in detecting more faults that are difficult to find during regular testing, and in assisting software engineers to improve their software development process. Originality/value - The incorporated TEF is flexible and can be used to describe the actual expenditure patterns more faithfully during software development.",Computer software | Modelling | Program testing,Journal of Modelling in Management,2009-01-01,Article,"Ahmad, N.;Khan, M. G.M.;Quadri, S. M.K.;Kumar, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947212364,10.1007/978-3-319-21067-4_7,"SQAREM-A Customized Model for SQA, Reuse",The aim of this study is to explore the influence of time pressure on the spatial distance perceived by participants in the virtual reality. The results show that there is no significant difference while participants estimates the distance whether with or without time pressure. But while participants esti- mating short distance and long distance in the virtual environments there is significant difference. And under horizontal or vertical direction there are also significant differences while participants estimate long distance has more errors than short distance.,Time pressure | Under horizontal | Vertical direction,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Qin, Hua;Liu, Bole;Wang, Dingding",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84918837352,10.1155/2014/491246,Development and application of new quality model for software projects,"The IT industry tries to employ a number of models to identify the defects in the construction of software projects. In this paper, we present COQUALMO and its limitations and aim to increase the quality without increasing the cost and time. The computation time, cost, and effort to predict the residual defects are very high; this was overcome by developing an appropriate new quality model named the software testing defect corrective model (STDCM). The STDCM was used to estimate the number of remaining residual defects in the software product; a few assumptions and the detailed steps of the STDCM are highlighted. The application of the STDCM is explored in software projects. The implementation of the model is validated using statistical inference, which shows there is a significant improvement in the quality of the software projects.",,Scientific World Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Karnavel, K.;Dillibabu, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85006883424,10.1007/s12046-016-0577-5,Model for improving the accuracy of relevant project selection in analogy using differential evolution algorithm,"Software effort estimation is the process of calculating the effort required to develop a software product based on the input parameters that are usually partial in nature. It is an important task but the most difficult and complicated step in the software product development. Estimation requires detailed information about project scope, process requirements and resources available. Inaccurate estimation leads to financial loss and delay in the projects. Due to the intangible nature of software, most of the software estimation process is unreliable. But there is a strong relationship between effort estimation and project management activities. Various methodologies have been employed to improve the procedure of software estimation. This paper reviews journal articles on software development to get the direction in the future estimation research. Several methods for software effort estimation are discussed in this paper, including the data sets widely used and metrics used for evaluation. The use of evolutionary computational tools in the estimation is dealt with in detail. A new model for estimation using differential evolution algorithm called DEAPS is proposed and its advantages are discussed.",algorithmic and non-algorithmic models | differential evolution | evolutionary computation | Software effort estimation methods,Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences,2017-01-01,Article,"Thamarai, I.;Murugavalli, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929515622,10.1080/00140139.2014.997301,Elimination of Estimation biases in the Software Development,"Though it has been reported that air traffic controllers' (ATCos') performance improves with the aid of a conflict resolution aid (CRA), the effects of imperfect automation on CRA are so far unknown. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of imperfect automation on conflict resolution. Twelve students with ATC knowledge were instructed to complete ATC tasks in four CRA conditions including reliable, unreliable and high time pressure, unreliable and low time pressure, and manual conditions. Participants were able to resolve the designated conflicts more accurately and faster in the reliable versus unreliable CRA conditions. When comparing the unreliable CRA and manual conditions, unreliable CRA led to better conflict resolution performance and higher situation awareness. Surprisingly, high time pressure triggered better conflict resolution performance as compared to the low time pressure condition. The findings from the present study highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations. Practitioner Summary: Conflict resolution aid (CRA) is a proposed automation decision aid in air traffic control (ATC). It was found in the present study that CRA was able to promote air traffic controllers' performance even when it was not perfectly reliable. These findings highlight the importance of CRA in future ATC operations.",air traffic control | automation reliability | conflict resolution aid | human factors assessment | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-06-03,Article,"Trapsilawati, Fitri;Qu, Xingda;Wickens, Chris D.;Chen, Chun Hsien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,,"An Investigation into Time Pressure, Group Cohesion and Decision Making in Software Development Groups","Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85026531580,10.1109/MSR.2017.47,Bootstrapping a Lexicon for Emotional Arousal in Software Engineering,"Emotional arousal increases activation and performance but may also lead to burnout in software development. We present the first version of a Software Engineering Arousal lexicon (SEA) that is specifically designed to address the problem of emotional arousal in the software developer ecosystem. SEA is built using a bootstrapping approach that combines word embedding model trained on issue-Tracking data and manual scoring of items in the lexicon. We show that our lexicon is able to differentiate between issue priorities, which are a source of emotional activation and then act as a proxy for arousal. The best performance is obtained by combining SEA (428 words) with a previously created general purpose lexicon by Warriner et al. (13,915 words) and it achieves Cohen's d effect sizes up to 0.5.",Emotional Arousal | Empirical Software Engineering | Issue Report | Lexicon | Sentiment Analysis,IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories,2017-06-29,Conference Paper,"Mantyla, Mika V.;Novielli, Nicole;Lanubile, Filippo;Claes, Maelick;Kuutila, Miikka",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938813686,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0017-15.2015,PORTFOLIO COST MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF OFFSHORE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING RELATIONSHIPS FROM VENDOR'S …,"We used electroencephalography (EEG) and behavior to examine the role of payoff bias in a difficult two-alternative perceptual decision under deadline pressure in humans. The findings suggest that a fast guess process, biased by payoff and triggered by stimulus onset, occurred on a subset of trials and raced with an evidence accumulation process informed by stimulus information. On each trial, the participant judged whether a rectangle was shifted to the right or left and responded by squeezing a right- or left-hand dynamometer. The payoff for each alternative (which could be biased or unbiased) was signaled 1.5 s before stimulus onset. The choice response was assigned to the first hand reaching a squeeze force criterion and reaction time was defined as time to criterion. Consistent with a fast guess account, fast responses were strongly biased toward the higher-paying alternative and the EEG exhibited an abrupt rise in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) on a subset of biased payoff trials contralateral to the higher-paying alternative ~150 ms after stimulus onset and 50 ms before stimulus information influenced the LRP. This rise was associated with poststimulus dynamometer activity favoring the higherpaying alternative and predicted choice and response time. Quantitative modeling supported the fast guess account over accounts of payoff effects supported in other studies. Our findings, taken with previous studies, support the idea that payoff and prior probability manipulations produce flexible adaptations to task structure and do not reflect a fixed policy for the integration of payoff and stimulus information.",Bias | Decision making | Fast guess | Lateralization of readiness potential (LRP) | Payoff | Reward,Journal of Neuroscience,2015-08-05,Article,"Noorbaloochi, Sharareh;Sharon, Dahlia;McClelland, James L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85025803552,10.1109/SEmotion.2017.11,Reviewing Literature on Time Pressure in Software Engineering and Related Professions-Computer Assisted Interdisciplinary Literature Review,"During the past few years, psychological diseases related to unhealthy work environments, such as burnouts, have drawn more and more public attention. One of the known causes of these affective problems is time pressure. In order to form a theoretical background for time pressure detection in software repositories, this paper combines interdisciplinary knowledge by analyzing 1270 papers found on Scopus database and containing terms related to time pressure. By clustering those papers based on their abstract, we show that time pressure has been widely studied across different fields, but relatively little in software engineering. From a literature review of the most relevant papers, we infer a list of testable hypotheses that we want to verify in future studies in order to assess the impact of time pressures on software developers' mental health.",deadline pressure | Job demands-resources model | Software engineering | speed-accuracy tradeoff | time pressure | topic analysis,"Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering, SEmotion 2017",2017-06-28,Conference Paper,"Kuutila, Miikka;Mantyla, Mika V.;Claes, Maelick;Elovainio, Marko",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981717714,10.1177/1541931215591120,Study on Analyzing The Performance of Improved Evolutionary Algorithm Design Based On Time for the Project Scheduling Problem,"Nurses must manage a variety of problems in order to maintain performance. The first step in managing these problems is detecting that there is in fact a problem. The current study aimed to investigate how nurses detect the problem of a patient developing a hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Specifically, the experiment examined the effects of varying the number of risk factors, nurse experience, and the presence or absence of time pressure. General findings and implications are discussed.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Gregg, Sarah;Durso, Francis T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83355169179,10.1007/978-3-642-22786-8_35,Quality Determinants in Offshored IS Projects: A Comparison between Projects Completed Within-Budget and Over-Budget,"Customers have shifted their focus to offshoring vendors ability to provide high quality software, in addition to the cost advantages. However, delivering projects within the budgets ensures profitability and growth of vendors. The present research highlights how meeting budget requirements is related to the impact of key determinants on software quality in offshore development projects executed by vendors. A survey of project managers engaged in off shoring at leading Indian software companies was carried out and the collected data were analysed using structural equations modelling techniques. Out of six determinants, in the case of projects completed within the budget, while process maturity is associated with functionality, reliability, usability and performance of the software and technical infrastructure is associated with reliability, maintainability, usability and performance in the case projects completed within the budget. However in the case of projects that exceeded the budget, it is found while requirements uncertainty is associated with maintainability, technical infrastructure is associated with maintainability and performance of the software. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.",Budget | Determinants of quality | IS offshoring | Quality attributes | Software process maturity,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2011-12-16,Conference Paper,"Sankaran, K.;Dalal, Nik;Kannabiran, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870057659,10.1111/j.1467-9450.2012.00973.x,Desire for control and optimistic time predictions,"Few studies have investigated individual differences in time predictions. We report two experiments that show an interaction between the personality trait Desirability of Control and reward conditions on predictions of performance time. When motivated to perform a task quickly, participants with a strong desire for control produced more optimistic predictions than those with a weaker desire for control. This effect could also be observed for a completely uncontrollable task. The results are discussed in relation to the finding that power produces more optimistic predictions, and extend this work by ruling out some previously suggested explanations. © 2012 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.",Desirability of control | Performance incentives | Time estimates | Time prediction,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2012-12-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Rognaldsen, Maren;Teigen, Karl Halvor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946909283,10.1166/asl.2015.6155,Competitive Advantage of using Differential Evolution Algorithm in Analogy for Software Effort Estimation,"Globalization stimulates the role of information technology (IT) among emerging market and creates new challenges for organizations to be competitive to survive in the market. These challenges alter and threaten the capability of employees in their working environment. Time pressure is regarded as one of key factors which negatively contribute to the employee turnover among IT Executives in Software Companies. This study in response to this issue aims to examine the impact of time pressure on well-being and turnover intention with the moderating role of perceived organizational support. This study is based on a conceptual framework and the data will be collected to observe the relationship between time pressure, employee well-being, perceived organizational support and turnover intention with the help of structural equation modeling. To the best knowledge of researcher, none of the study has found out the time pressure with the mediating variable of employee well-being and moderating variable of perceived organizational support.",Perceived organizational support | Time pressure | Turnover intention | Well-being,Advanced Science Letters,2015-01-01,Article,"Langove, Naseebullah;Isha, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam;Javaid, Muhammad Umair",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85034850103,10.1080/08874417.2016.1183428,An Examination of Determinants of Software Testing and Project Management Effort,"Software estimation research has primarily focused on software effort involved in direct software development. As more and more organizations buy instead of building software, more effort is spent on software testing and project management. In this empirical study, the effect of program duration, computer platform, and software development tool (SDT) on program testing effort and project management effort is studied. The study results point to program duration and software tool as significant determinants of testing and management effort. Computer platform, however, does not have an effect on testing and management effort. Furthermore, the mean testing effort for third generation (3G) development environment was significantly higher than the mean testing effort for fourth generation (4G) environments that used IDE. In addition, the management effort for 4G environment projects without the use of IDE was lower than nonprogramming report generation projects.",Effort | Platform | Project management | Software estimation | Testing,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2017-01-01,Article,"Subramanian, Girish H.;Pendharkar, Parag C.;Pai, Dinesh R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975458052,10.1109/HICSS.2016.668,Seeking Technical Debt in Critical Software Development Projects: An Exploratory Field Study,"In recent years, the metaphor of technical debt has received considerable attention, especially from the agile community. Still, despite the fact that agile practices are increasingly used in critical domains, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the occurrence of technical debt in critical software development projects. The results of an exploratory field study conducted across several projects reveal that a variety of business and environmental factors cause the occurrence of technical debt in critical domains. Using Grounded Theory method, these factors are categorized as ambiguity of requirement, diversity of projects, inadequate knowledge management, and resource constraints to form a theoretical model. Following previous studies we suggest that integrating agile practices, such as iterative development, review meetings, and continuous testing, into common plan-driven processes enables development teams to better identify and manage technical debt.",Agile methods | Grounded theory | Software development | Technical debt,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2016-03-07,Conference Paper,"Ghanbari, Hadi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940195502,10.1093/jpepsy/jsv019,"Risk, Governance, and Performance in Information Systems Projects","Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how crossing under time pressure influences the pedestrian behaviors of children and adults. Methods: Using a highly immersive virtual reality system interfaced with a 3D movement measurement system, various indices of children's and adults' crossing behaviors were measured under time-pressure and no time-pressure conditions. Results: Pedestrians engaged in riskier crossing behaviors on time-pressure trials as indicated by appraising traffic for a shorter period before initiating their crossing, selecting shorter more hazardous temporal gaps to cross into, and having the car come closer to them (less time to spare). There were no age or sex differences in how time pressure affected crossing behaviors. Conclusions: The current findings indicate that, at all ages, pedestrians experience greater exposure to traffic dangers when they cross under time pressure.",children | injury risk | pedestrians | time pressure,Journal of Pediatric Psychology,2015-08-01,Article,"Morrongiello, Barbara A.;Corbett, Michael;Switzer, Jessica;Hall, Tom",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995752828,10.1027/1866-5888/a000119,DESIGNING THE FUTURE PERFECT: REORGANISING IS RESEARCH AROUND THE AXIS OF INTENTION,"According to Barbara Adam, ""time is such an obvious factor in social science that it is almost invisible"". Indeed, Information Systems (IS) researchers have relied upon taken-for-granted assumptions about the nature of time and have built theories that are frequently silent about the temporal nature of our being in the world. This paper addresses two key questions about time in IS research: (i) what formulations of time are available to us in our research and (ii) how can these formulations be used in a coherent way in our research? In addressing the first question, two meta-formulations of time are examined. The first relates time to the sense of passing time expressed in successive readings of the clock. The second relates time to the experience of purposive, intentional, goal-directed behaviour. Our proposal is that IS researchers should be encouraged to identify the formulations of time that underpin their research. Our goal is to provide a framework to allow IS researchers to evaluate the fit between the goals of research and the temporal assumptions being used to underpin it and ultimately to investigate the extent to theories that are based on different assumptions about time can be combined or integrated.",Information systems | Materiality | Temporality | Theorising,"24th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"O'Riordan, Niamh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928392897,10.1007/s13369-015-1597-x,Measuring Flexibility in Software Project Schedules,"The complexity of software projects is growing with the increasing complexity of software systems. The pressure to fit schedules within shorter periods of time leads to initial project schedules with a complex logic. These schedules are often highly susceptible to any subsequent delays in project activities. Thus, techniques need to be developed to determine the quality of a software project schedule. Most of the existing measures of schedule quality define the goodness of a schedule in terms of its network complexity. However, these measures fail to estimate the flexibility of a schedule, that is, the extent to which a schedule can withstand delays without requiring extensive changes. The relatively few schedule flexibility measures that exist in literature suffer from several drawbacks such as lack of a theoretical foundation, not having a definite scale and not being able to distinguish between schedules with similar network topologies. In this paper, we address these issues by defining two flexibility measures for software project schedules, namely path shift and value shift, which, respectively, predict the impact of changes in activity durations on the critical paths and the critical value of a schedule. Inspired by the notion of betweenness centrality, these measures are theoretically sound, have a well-defined scale, and require little computational effort. Furthermore, by several examples and two real-life software project case studies, we demonstrate that these measures outperform the existing flexibility measures in clearly discriminating between the flexibility of software project schedules having very similar topologies.",Betweenness centrality | Schedule flexibility | Social network analysis | Software project | Software project schedule,Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2015-05-01,Article,"Khan, Muhammad Ali;Mahmood, Sajjad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929504480,10.1080/00140139.2015.1005163,Competitive Advantage of using Differential Evolution Algorithm for Software Effort Estimation,"Diagnosis performance is critical for the safety of high-consequence industrial systems. It depends highly on the information provided, perceived, interpreted and integrated by operators. This article examines the influence of information congruence (congruent information vs. conflicting information vs. missing information) and its interaction with time pressure (high vs. low) on diagnosis performance on a simulated platform. The experimental results reveal that the participants confronted with conflicting information spent significantly more time generating correct hypotheses and rated the results with lower probability values than when confronted with the other two levels of information congruence and were more prone to arrive at a wrong diagnosis result than when they were provided with congruent information. This finding stresses the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems. Time pressure significantly influenced display switching frequency and completion time. This result indicates the decisive role of time pressure. Practitioner Summary: This article examines the influence of information congruence and its interaction with time pressure on human diagnosis performance on a simulated platform. For complex systems in the process control industry, the results stress the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems.",complex systems | diagnosis performance | information congruence | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-06-03,Article,"Chen, Kejin;Li, Zhizhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928731902,10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2014.0087,Contract choice in Software Development Outsourcing: a Multidimensional View of Project Attributes,"Pilots monitor all kinds of instrument information by visual searching during flight. This process was studied to explore the effects of time pressure and search difficulty on visual searching, aiming to provide scientific basis for the ergonomic design of display interface of aircraft cockpit. A visual searching program was designed to simulate the display interface. Before conducting formal experiment, the classified ranges of time pressure and searching difficulty were evaluated by pre-experiment. Using SPSS 19.0, analyses such as double factor variance analysis, simple main effect, and regression analysis were conducted on the response correct rate and response time obtained by the formal experiment. The following conclusions were obtained, different levels of time pressure and search difficulty all have significant effect on the response accurate rate; search difficulty has obvious effect on the response time which has a linearly increasing relationship with distractor number; under high correct rate situation, that is within the human cognitive abilities, time pressure haven't such effect on the response time. In ergonomical study of display interface in plane cockpit, good match of time pressure and searching difficulty could obtain better searching performance.",Ergonomics | Interface | Search difficulty | Time pressure | Visual search,Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015-02-01,Article,"Fan, Xiaoli;Zhou, Qianxiang;Liu, Zhongqi;Xie, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872011953,10.1109/TSE.2012.17,ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION FOR SOFTWARE PROJECT SCHEDULING AND STAFFING WITH AN EVENT-BASED SCHEDULER,"Research into developing effective computer aided techniques for planning software projects is important and challenging for software engineering. Different from projects in other fields, software projects are people-intensive activities and their related resources are mainly human resources. Thus, an adequate model for software project planning has to deal with not only the problem of project task scheduling but also the problem of human resource allocation. But as both of these two problems are difficult, existing models either suffer from a very large search space or have to restrict the flexibility of human resource allocation to simplify the model. To develop a flexible and effective model for software project planning, this paper develops a novel approach with an event-based scheduler (EBS) and an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The proposed approach represents a plan by a task list and a planned employee allocation matrix. In this way, both the issues of task scheduling and employee allocation can be taken into account. In the EBS, the beginning time of the project, the time when resources are released from finished tasks, and the time when employees join or leave the project are regarded as events. The basic idea of the EBS is to adjust the allocation of employees at events and keep the allocation unchanged at nonevents. With this strategy, the proposed method enables the modeling of resource conflict and task preemption and preserves the flexibility in human resource allocation. To solve the planning problem, an ACO algorithm is further designed. Experimental results on 83 instances demonstrate that the proposed method is very promising. © 2013 IEEE.",Ant colony optimization (ACO) | Project scheduling | Resource allocation | Software project planning | Workload assignment,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2013-01-11,Article,"Chen, Wei Neng;Zhang, Jun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922763211,10.1080/00140139.2014.973914,nfluência da revisão de atividades executadas para melhoria da acurácia na estimativa de software utilizando planning poker,"We examined the systematic effects of display size on task performance as derived from a standard perceptual and cognitive test battery. Specifically, three experiments examined the influence of varying viewing conditions on response speed, response accuracy and subjective workload at four differing screen sizes under three different levels of time pressure. Results indicated a ubiquitous effect for time pressure on all facets of response while display size effects were contingent upon the nature of the viewing condition. Thus, performance decrement and workload elevation were evident only with the smallest display size under the two most restrictive levels of time pressure. This outcome generates a lower boundary threshold for display screen size for this order of task demand. Extrapolations to the design and implementation of all display sizes and forms of cognitive and psychomotor demand are considered.",accuracy | display size | response capacity | speed | time pressure,Ergonomics,2015-03-04,Article,"Hancock, P. A.;Sawyer, B. D.;Stafford, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951096288,10.1007/978-3-319-24917-9_9,Um programa de melhoria de estimativas em uma organização desenvolvedora de software,"Optimising communications to take account of user states is a nascent, huge and growing business opportunity for the retail and advertising worlds. Understanding people’s behaviours, thoughts and emotions to different messages in different contexts at different times, can inform the strategic planning and design of systems promoting positive customer experiences and increasing retail sales. Using theory combined with applied insights from our projects, this paper highlights a number of factors (mindset, attention, focus, time pressure and salience) that drive ‘search’ behaviour in a dynamic retail based environment. The work has implications for developing symbiotic systems.",Adaptive | Advertising | Affective systems | Attention | Closed | Customer | Focus | Human-computer | Interaction | Marketing | Mindset | Open | Perceptual prominence | Responsive | Retail | Salience | Shopper | Symbiosis | Symbiotic | Technology-mediated | Time pressure,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lessiter, Jane;Ferrari, Eva;Coppi, Alessia Eletta;Freeman, Jonathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84924853532,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.02.001,Ning Nan:,"Abstract This study aims to explore the determinants of online knowledge adoption with respect to informational and normative social influences. Existing studies on online knowledge adoption have primarily focused on the perspective of knowledge provider. Knowledge recipients, however, also play a fundamental role in knowledge adoption. Informational and normative social influence theory is utilized as the theoretical foundation to investigate the influences of informational and normative factors on online knowledge adoption. Based on the theories and previous literature, this study proposes a theoretical model of knowledge adoption, in which knowledge quality and source credibility serve as informational determinants, whereas knowledge consensus and knowledge rating serve as normative determinants. In addition, time pressure is hypothesized to be a moderator that impacts the dual evaluation process toward knowledge adoption. Data collected from 510 respondents was tested against the research model using the partial least squares approach. The findings demonstrate that both informational and normative determinants had positive effects on knowledge adoption, while the moderating test indicates that time pressure exerted influences with different directions on the two evaluation processes of adopting behavior. Theoretical and practical contributions are also outlined.",Informational and normative influence | Knowledge adoption | Time pressure | Virtual community,International Journal of Information Management,2015-01-01,Article,"Chou, Chien Hsiang;Wang, Yi Shun;Tang, Tzung I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051778081,10.2307/23044054,Capturing bottom-up information technology use processes: A complex adaptive systems model,"Although information systems researchers have long recognized the possibility for collective-level information technology use patterns and outcomes to emerge from individual-level IT use behaviors, few have explored the key properties and mechanisms involved in this bottom-up IT use process. This paper seeks to build a theoretical framework drawing on the concepts and the analytical tool of complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory. The paper presents a CAS model of IT use that encodes a bottom-up IT use process into three interrelated elements: agents that consist of the basic entities of actions in an IT use process, interactions that refer to the mutually adaptive behaviors of agents, and an environment that represents the social organizational contexts of IT use. Agent-based modeling is introduced as the analytical tool for computationally representing and examining the CAS model of IT use. The operationability of the CAS model and the analytical tool are demonstrated through a theory-building exercise translating an interpretive case study of IT use to a specific version of the CAS model. While Orlikowski (1996) raised questions regarding the impacts of employee learning, IT flexibility, and workplace rigidity on IT-based organization transformation, the CAS model indicates that these factors in individual-level actions do not have a direct causal linkage with organizational-level IT use patterns and outcomes. This theory-building exercise manifests the intriguing nature of the bottom-up IT use process: collective-level IT use patterns and outcomes are the logical and yet often unintended or unforeseeable consequences of individual-level behaviors. The CAS model of IT use offers opportunities for expanding the theoretical and methodological scope of the IT use literature.",Agent-based modeling | Bottom-up IT use | Collective-level IT use | Complex adaptive systems | Individual-level IT use,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2011-01-01,Review,"Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053000562,10.1093/jopart/muq045,Managing the inclusion process in collaborative governance,"Facilitators that use a collaborative governance approach are regularly pushed, mandated, or naturally desire to achieve broad inclusion of stakeholders in collaborations. How to achieve such inclusion is an important but often overlooked aspect of implementation. To fully realize the value of collaborative governance, we investigate how institutional design choices made about inclusion practices during the critical early stages of collaboration affect stakeholders' expectations of each other's contribution to a civic program and subsequently influences collaboration process outcomes. Informed by field observations from uniquely successful community health programs, we identify two institutional design choices related to inclusion that are associated with favorable group outcomes. The first design process uses time instrumentally to build trust and commitment in the collaboration, whereas the second design process includes new participants thoughtfully to limit their risk exposure. Based on experimental economics, strategic behaviors of stakeholders are formalized as a minimum effort coordination game in a multiagent model. A series of simulated experiments are conducted to gain fine-grained understanding of how the two design processes uniquely engender and reinforce commitment among stakeholders, minimize uncertainty, and increase the likelihood of positive process outcomes. For practitioners, the findings suggest how to navigate collaboration tensions during the early stages of their development while still respecting the competing need for stakeholder inclusiveness. The theoretical framework and the multiagent method of this study embrace the complexity of collaborative processes and trace how each intervention uniquely contributes to increases in trust and commitment. © The Author 2010.",,Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2011-10-01,Article,"Johnston, Erik W.;Hicks, Darrin;Nan, Ning;Auer, Jennifer C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21644438112,10.1007/s00426-014-0542-z,In-group/out-group effects in distributed teams: an experimental simulation,"Modern workplaces often bring together virtual teams where some members are collocated, and some participate remotely. We are using a simulation game to study collaborations of 10-person groups, with five collocated members and five isolates (simulated 'telecommuters'). Individual players in this game buy and sell 'shapes' from each other in order to form strings of shapes, where strings represent joint projects, and each individual players' shapes represent their unique skills. We found that the collocated people formed an in-group, excluding the isolates. But, surprisingly, the isolates also formed an in-group, mainly because the collocated people ignored them and they responded to each other. Copyright 2004 ACM.",Collocation | Computer-mediated communication | Distant collaboration | Distributed group work | Telecommuting | Telework | Virtual teams,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Shami, N. Sadat;Olson, Judith S.;Cheshin, Arik;Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745862757,10.5465/amj.2012.0468,Collocation blindness in partially distributed groups: is there a downside to being collocated?,"Under what circumstances might a group member be better off as a long-distance participant rather than collocated? We ran a set of experiments to study how partially-distributed groups collaborate when skill sets are unequally distributed. Partially distributed groups are those where some collaborators work together in the same space (collocated) and some work remotely using computer-mediated communications. Previous experiments had shown that these groups tend to form semi-autonomous 'in-groups'. In this set of experiments the configuration was changed so that some player skills were located only in the collocated space, and some were located only remotely, creating local surplus of some skills and local scarcity of others in the collocated room. Players whose skills were locally in surplus performed significantly worse. They experienced 'collocation blindness' and failed to pay enough attention to collaborators outside of the room. In contrast, the remote players whose skills were scarce inside the collocated room did particularly well because they charged a high price for their skills. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Co-location | Collaboration networks | Collocation | Computer-mediated communication | Distributed work | Telecommuting | Telework | Virtual teams,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2006-07-17,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Olson, Judith S.;Nan, Ning;Shami, N. Sadat;Hoch, Susannah;Johnston, Erik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44049108931,10.1108/13673270810875895,A principal-agent model for incentive design in knowledge sharing,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore effective incentive design that can address the information asymmetry in knowledge sharing processes and variability of the intangible nature of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach - A principal-agent model is first developed to formulate the asymmetry of information in knowledge sharing. Then, a set of optimal incentive solutions are derived from the principal-agent model for knowledge types with specific levels of intangibility. Findings - For knowledge with low level of intangibility (e.g. data), a target payment scheme is optimal. For knowledge with medium level of intangibility (e.g. expressible tacit knowledge), the optimal incentive solution is a function of management's ability to infer employees' effort from knowledge sharing results. For knowledge with high level of intangibility (e.g. inexpressible tacit knowledge), there is no payment scheme that can be derived from the principal-agent model to encourage employees to share knowledge. Research limitations/implications - The principal-agent model developed by this study complements the previous game theoretic models and market mechanisms in incentive design. The applicability of the findings can be improved by further empirical analysis. Practical implications - There is no one-size-fits-all incentive solution. The better the management can infer the effort level of employees from the reusability of the shared knowledge, the more effective the incentive schemes are. Knowledge management technologies can facilitate the application of the incentive design. Originality/value - This paper explicitly addresses the problem of information asymmetry in incentive design. It aligns a schedule of incentive schemes with the classification of knowledge based on intangibility. The schedule of incentive schemes leads to better understanding of the value of technologies in supporting knowledge sharing activities.",Design | Incentives (psychology) | Knowledge sharing,Journal of Knowledge Management,2008-05-27,Article,"Nan, Ning",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846085510,10.1145/1056808.1056999,Beyond being in the lab: using multi-agent modeling to isolate competing hypotheses,"In studies of virtual teams, it is difficult to determine pure effects of geographic isolation and uneven communication technology. We developed a multi-agent computer model in NetLogo to complement laboratory-based organizational simulations [3]. In the lab, favoritism among collocated team members (collocators) appeared to increase their performance. However, in the computer simulation, when controlled for communication delay, in-group favoritism had a detrimental effect on the performance of collocators. This suggested that the advantage of collocators shown in the lab was due to synchronous communication, not favoritism. The canceling-out effects of in-group bias and communication delay explained why many studies did not see performance difference between collocated and remote team members. The multi-agent modeling in this case proved its value by both clarifying previous laboratory findings and guiding design of future experiments.",Computer supported cooperative work | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multiagent modeling | Virtual team,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.;Bos, Nathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70749110056,10.17705/1jais.00186,Using multi-agent simulation to explore the contribution of facilitation to GSS transition,"Significant prior research has shown that facilitation is a critical part of GSS transition. This study examines an under-researched aspect of facilitation-its contributions to self-sustained GSS use among group members. Integrating insights from Adaptive Structuration Theory, experimental economics, and the Collaboration Engineering literature, we formalize interactions of group members in GSS transition as strategic interactions in a minimum-effort coordination game. The contributions of facilitation are interpreted as coordination mechanisms to help group members achieve and maintain an agreement on GSS use by reducing uncertainties in the coordination game. We implement the conjectured coordination mechanisms in a multi-agent simulator. The simulator offers insights into the separate and combined effects of common facilitation practices during the lifecycle of GSS transition. These insights can help the Collaboration Engineering community to identify and package the facilitation routines that are critical for group members to achieve self-sustained GSS use and understand how facilitation routines should be adapted to different stages of GSS transition lifecycle. Moreover, they indicate the value of the multi-agent approach in uncovering new insights and representing the issue of GSS transition with a new view. © 2009, by the Association for Information Systems.",Collaboration Engineering | Coordination game | GSS facilitation | Multi-agent model,Journal of the Association for Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869111043,10.1145/1056808.1057056,Traveling blues: The effect of relocation on partially distributed teams,"This experimental study looks at how relocation affected the collaboration patterns of partially-distributed work groups. Partially distributed teams have part of their membership together in one location and part joining at a distance. These teams have some characteristics of collocated teams, some of distributed (virtual) teams, and some dynamics that are unique. Previous experiments have shown that these teams are vulnerable to in-groups forming between the collocated and distributed members. In this study we switched thelocations of some of the members about halfway through the experiment to see what effect it would have on these ingroups. People who changed from being isolated 'telecommuters' to collocators very quickly formed new collaborative relationships. People who were moved out of a collocated room had more trouble adjusting, and tried unsuccessfully to maintain previous ties. Overall, ollocation was a more powerful determiner of collaboration patterns than previous relationships. Implications and future research are discussed.",Collocation | Computer mediated communication | Partially-distributed work | Travel | Virtual teams,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bos, Nathan;Olson, Judith;Cheshin, Arik;Kim, Yong Suk;Nan, Ning;Shami, N. Sadat",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947279717,10.1007/978-3-319-20373-7_1,"Between implementation and outcomes, growth matters: Validating an agent-based modeling approach for understanding collaboration process management","Contemporary Driving Automation (DA) is quickly approaching a level where partial autonomy will be available, relying on transferring control back to the driver when the operational limits of DA is reached. To explore what type of information drivers might prefer in control transitions an online test was constructed. The participants are faced with a set of still pictures of traffic situations of varying complexity levels and with different time constraints as situations and time available is likely to vary in real world scenarios. The choices drivers made were then assessed with regards to the contextual and temporal information available to participants. The results indicate that information preferences are dependent both on the complexity of the situation presented as well as the temporal constraints. The results also show that the different temporal and contextual conditions had an effect on decision-making time, where participants orient themselves quicker in the low complexity situations or when the available time is restricted. Furthermore, the method seem to identify changes in behaviour caused by varying the traffic situation and external time pressure. If the results can be validated against a more realistic setting, this particular method may prove to be a cost effective, easily disseminated tool which has potential to gather valuable insights about what information drivers prioritize when confronted with different situations.",Adaptation to task demands | Decision making | Driving automation | Online survey,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Eriksson, Alexander;Marcos, Ignacio Solis;Kircher, Katja;Västfjäll, Daniel;Stanton, Neville A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846085510,10.1145/1056808.1056999,Beyond being in the lab: using multi-agent modeling to isolate competing hypotheses,"In studies of virtual teams, it is difficult to determine pure effects of geographic isolation and uneven communication technology. We developed a multi-agent computer model in NetLogo to complement laboratory-based organizational simulations [3]. In the lab, favoritism among collocated team members (collocators) appeared to increase their performance. However, in the computer simulation, when controlled for communication delay, in-group favoritism had a detrimental effect on the performance of collocators. This suggested that the advantage of collocators shown in the lab was due to synchronous communication, not favoritism. The canceling-out effects of in-group bias and communication delay explained why many studies did not see performance difference between collocated and remote team members. The multi-agent modeling in this case proved its value by both clarifying previous laboratory findings and guiding design of future experiments.",Computer supported cooperative work | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multiagent modeling | Virtual team,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.;Bos, Nathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1080/1359432X.2013.858701,The impact of schedule pressure on software development: A behavioral perspective,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945419207,10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2015.05.010,Subgroup biases in partially-distributed collaboration,"In order to solve the problem that the unreasonable layout of the HMDs (helmet mounted display system) interface information icon may lead to pilots' misreading information, the interface of HMDs is divided and 67 kinds of layout are summarized when 3, 5, 7 icons' are displayed. Base on three icon characteristics, including solid, 40% pellucidity and hollow, the advantages and disadvantages of each form are analyzed through comparing the searching task accuracy and reaction time performed by subjects. The experimental results show that the position and quantity of icons displaying in the HMDs interface have influence on target searching and memorizing. With the increase of the number of icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy decreases and reaction time increases. Under the same time pressure, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for three different kinds of icons are different. When there are three icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for hollow icons is the highest. However, when there are 7 icons, the subjects' memorizing accuracy for solid icons is the highest. There is no significant difference of the memorizing accuracy for solid icons and 40% pellucidity icons.",HMDs (helmet mounted display system) | Human computer interaction interface | Interface icon | Interface layout,Dongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition),2015-09-20,Article,"Shao, Jiang;Xue, Chengqi;Wang, Haiyan;Tang, Wencheng;Zhou, Xiaozhou;Chen, Mo;Chen, Xiaojiao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-41349091408,10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4,Unintended consequences of collocation: using agent-based modeling to untangle effects of communication delay and in-group favor,"In studies about office arrangements that have individuals working from remote locations, researchers usually hypothesize advantages for collocators and disadvantages for remote workers. However, empirical findings have not shown consistent support for the hypothesis. We suspect that there are unintended consequences of collocation, which can offset well-recognized advantages of being collocated. To explain these unintended consequences, we developed a multi-agent model to complement our laboratory-based experiment. In the lab, collocated subjects did not perform better than the remote even though collocators had faster communication channels and in-group favor towards each other. Results from the multi-agent simulation suggested that in-group favoritism among collocators caused them to ignore some important resource exchange opportunities with remote individuals. Meanwhile, communication delay of remote subjects protected them from some falsely biased perception of resource availability. The two unintended consequences could offset the advantage of being collocated and diminish performance differences between collocators and remote workers. Results of this study help researchers and practitioners recognize the hidden costs of being collocated. They also demonstrate the value of coupling lab experiments with multi-agent simulation. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.",Collaboration | Communication delay | Computer-mediated communication | In-group favoritism | Multi-agent simulation,Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory,2008-06-01,Article,"Nan, Ning;Johnston, Erik W.;Olson, Judith S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870967634,10.13085/eIJTUR.12.1.133-152,Social Construction of User Beliefs of Collaborative Technology: A Multi-Method Approach.,"In this multi-method study, we combine a longitudinal field study and agent-based modeling to examine the social construction process of user beliefs of collaborative technology over time. We argue that the primary methods in the technology acceptance literature-variance-based analysis and interpretive case study-are limited in understanding the reciprocal social influence process inherent to user beliefs of collaborative technology. Drawing on Bijker's (1995) social construction of technology theory and Salancik and Pfeffer's (1978) social information processing theory, research questions regarding the social construction of user beliefs are developed. We describe the longitudinal field study and agent-based modeling employed for answering the research questions. The future steps of this research-in-progress are outlined. We discuss the implications of this study at the end.",Agent-based model | Collaborative technology | Multi-method research | Social construction of technology,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Yoo, Youngjin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939209955,10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.298,Donald E. Harter:,"Mitigating human errors is a priority in the design of complex systems, especially through the use of body area networks. This paper describes early developments of a dynamic data driven platform to predict operator error and trigger appropriate intervention before the error happens. Using a two-stage process, data was collected using several sensors (e.g., electroencephalography, pupil dilation measures, and skin conductance) during an established protocol - the Stroop test. The experimental design began with a relaxation period, 40 questions (congruent, then incongruent) without a timer, a rest period followed by another two rounds of questions, but under increased time pressure. Measures such as workload and engagement showed responses consistent with what is expected for Stroop tests. Dynamic system analysis methods were then used to analyze the raw data using principal components analysis and the least squares complex exponential method. The results show that the algorithms have the potential to capture mental states in a mathematical fashion, thus enabling the possibility of prediction.",Bio-sensors | Dynamic data-driven application systems (DDDAS) | Error detection | Least squares complex exponential (LSCE),Procedia Computer Science,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hu, Wan Lin;Meyer, Janette J.;Wang, Zhaosen;Reid, Tahira;Adams, Douglas E.;Prabnakar, Sunil;Chaturvedi, Alok R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746131,10.1287/mnsc.46.4.451.12056,"Effects of process maturity on quality, cycle time, and effort in software product development","The information technology (IT) industry is characterized by rapid innovation and intense competition. To survive, IT firms must develop high quality software products on time and at low cost. A key issue is whether high levels of quality can be achieved without adversely impacting cycle time and effort. Conventional beliefs hold that processes to improve software quality can be implemented only at the expense of longer cycle times and greater development effort. However, an alternate view is that quality improvement, faster cycle time, and effort reduction can be simultaneously attained by reducing defects and rework. In this study, we empirically investigate the relationship between process maturity, quality, cycle time, and effort for the development of 30 software products by a major IT firm. We find that higher levels of process maturity as assessed by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity ModelTM are associated with higher product quality, but also with increases in development effort. However, our findings indicate that the reductions in cycle time and effort due to improved quality outweigh the increases from achieving higher levels of process maturity. Thus, the net effect of process maturity is reduced cycle time and development effort.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947615318,10.1016/j.engappai.2015.07.010,Evaluating the cost of software quality,"Disasters are characterized by severe disruptions in society's functionality and adverse impacts on humans, environment and economy. Decision-making in times of crisis is complex and usually accompanied by acute time pressure. Environment can change rapidly and decisions may have to be made based on uncertain information. IT-based decision support can systematically help to identify response and recovery measures, especially when time for decision-making is sparse, when numerous options exist, or when events are not completely anticipated. This paper proposes a case- and scenario-based approach to supporting the management of nuclear events in the early and later phases. Important information needed for decision-making as well as approaches to reusing experience from previous events are discussed. This work is embedded in a decision support method to be applied to nuclear emergencies. Suitable management options based on similar historical events and scenarios could possibly be identified to support disaster management.",Case-based reasoning | Nuclear emergency management | Scenarios | Uncertainty,Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2015-11-01,Article,"Moehrle, Stella;Raskob, Wolfgang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038445906,10.1287/mnsc.49.6.784.16023,Quality improvement and infrastructure activity costs in software development: A longitudinal analysis,"This study draws upon theories of task interdependence and organizational inertia to analyze the effect of quality improvement on infrastructure activity costs in software development. Although increasing evidence indicates that quality improvement reduces software development costs, the impact on infrastructure activities is not known. Infrastructure activities include services like computer operations, data integration, and configuration management that support software development. Because infrastructure costs represent a substantial portion of firms' information technology budgets, it is important to identify innovations that yield significant cost savings in infrastructure activities. We evaluate quality and cost data collected in nine infrastructure activity centers over 10 years of product development in a major software firm undergoing a quality transformation. Findings indicate that infrastructure activities do benefit from quality improvement. The greatest marginal cost savings are realized in infrastructure activities that are highly interdependent with development and that occur later in the software development life cycle. Organizational inertia influences the rapidity with which the infrastructure activities benefit from higher product quality, especially for the more specialized activities. Finally, our findings suggest that although the savings in infrastructure from quality improvement are substantial, there are diminishing returns to quality improvement in infrastructure activities.",Capability maturity model | Infrastructure activity costs | Organizational inertia | Software process improvement | Software product development | Software quality,Management Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035627539,10.1287/isre.12.1.63.9717,Cognitive Support for Real-Time Dynamic Decision Making,"This research examines how decision makers manage their attentional resources when making a series of interdependent decisions in a real-time environment. Decision strategies for real-time dynamic tasks consist of two main overlapping cognitive activities: monitoring and control. Monitoring refers to decision makers' tracking of key system variables as they work toward arriving at a decision. Control refers to the decision maker's generation, evaluation, and selection of alternative actions. In real-time tasks, these two activities compete for the same attentional resources. The questions that motivate the two studies presented here are: (1) can decision making be improved by increasing individuals' attentional resources, thereby enhancing their ability to monitor the system, and (2) can decision making be improved by providing individuals with feedback and/or feedforward control support? Our findings show that some kinds of cognitive support degrade performance, rather than enhance it. These results indicate that providing support for real-time dynamic decision making may be very difficult, and that designing effective decision aids requires a detailed understanding of the underlying cognitive processes.",Decision Support | Dynamic Decision Making | Individual Differences | Real-Time Environments,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Lerch, F. Javier;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85138716145,10.1177/0023830914543286,Process maturity and software quality: a field study,"Quality has emerged as a key issue in the development and deployment of software products (Haag et al. 1996; Prahalad and Krishnan 1999; Yourdon 1992). As software products play an increasingly critical role in supporting strategic business initiatives, it is important that these products function correctly and according to users’ specifications. The costs of poor software quality (in terms of reduced productivity, downtime, customer dissatisfaction, and injury) can be enormous. For example, the Help Desk Institute, an industry group based in Denver, estimates that in 1999, Americans spent 65 million minutes on “hold” waiting for help from software vendors in debugging software problems (Minasi 2000). An unresolved issue is how software quality can be improved. On the one hand, some software researchers and experts argue that quality can be tested into software products. That is, defective software products can eventually become “bug-free” through rigorous testing (Anthes 1997; Hanna 1995). However, on the other hand, there is a notion that quality must be designed or built into software products from the start (Fenton and Neil 1999). That is, quality in design predicts quality in later stages of the product life cycle. There is some empirical evidence to support this notion from Japanese software factories (Cusumano 1991), the NASA Space Shuttle program (Keller 1992), and a variety of projects at IBM (Buck and Robbins 1984). If the level of quality persists throughout a product’s life cycle, how can quality be designed into the product? In manufacturing, Bohn (1995) found evidence that process maturity (i.e., the sophistication, consistency, and effectiveness of manufacturing processes) was positively associated with product quality. This relationship is believed to exist because as a process becomes more mature and less variable, the outputs of the process (i.e., products) have a higher level of quality (Fenton and Neil 1999; Ryan 2000; Zahran 1998). In the context of software production, this implies that maturity of the software development process is essential to reducing process variability and thus improving the quality of software products (Humphrey 1988). There is some empirical support linking process maturity to software quality. For example, Diaz and Sligo (1997) found initial evidence of a positive relationship between process maturity and software quality at Motorola. Herbsleb et al. (1997) found additional anecdotal support of this relationship, but suggest that further research is needed to understand more precisely how process maturity and software quality are related. Determining whether process maturity is linked to software quality is important because, in practice, many managers still emphasize testing at the end of the development cycle instead of building in quality through better processes (Anthes 1997; Hanna 1995). Thus, this study has been designed to address the following question that is central to these issues: What is the relationship between process maturity and software quality over the product life cycle? We develop a conceptual framework (Figure 1) for assessing the relationship between process maturity and software quality at different stages of the product life cycle: development, implementation, and production. Our models are empirically evaluated using archival data collected on software products developed over 12 years by the systems integration division of an information technology company. Based upon our analysis, we identify the direct and indirect marginal effects of improved process maturity on software quality at the different stages of the software life cycle. Our results also provide insight into the question of whether quality is a persistent characteristic of software.",,"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2000",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864582601,10.1109/TSE.2011.63,Does software process improvement reduce the severity of defects? A longitudinal field study,"As firms increasingly rely on information systems to perform critical functions, the consequences of software defects can be catastrophic. Although the software engineering literature suggests that software process improvement can help to reduce software defects, the actual evidence is equivocal. For example, improved development processes may only remove the ""easier"" syntactical defects, while the more critical defects remain. Rigorous empirical analyses of these relationships have been very difficult to conduct due to the difficulties in collecting the appropriate data on real systems from industrial organizations. This field study analyzes a detailed data set consisting of 7,545 software defects that were collected on software projects completed at a major software firm. Our analyses reveal that higher levels of software process improvement significantly reduce the likelihood of high severity defects. In addition, we find that higher levels of process improvement are even more beneficial in reducing severe defects when the system developed is large or complex, but are less beneficial in development when requirements are ambiguous, unclear, or incomplete. Our findings reveal the benefits and limitations of software process improvement for the removal of severe defects and suggest where investments in improving development processes may have their greatest effects. © 2012 IEEE.",CMM | defect severity | requirements ambiguity | Software complexity | software process,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2012-07-09,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Kemerer, Chris F.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042234557,10.1023/a:1018942122436,Using simulation‐based experiments for software requirements engineering,"We describe the use of simulation-based experiments to assess the computer support needs of automation supervisors in the United States Postal Service (USPS). Because of the high cost of the proposed system, the inability of supervisors to articulate their computer support needs, and the infeasibility of direct experimentation in the actual work environment, we used a simulation to study end-user decision making, and to experiment with alternative computer support capabilities. In Phase One we investigated differences between expert and novice information search and decision strategies in the existing work environment. In Phase Two, we tested the impact of computer support features on performance. The empirical results of the two experiments showed how to differentially support experts and novices, and the effectiveness of proposed information systems before they were built. The paper concludes by examining the implications of the project for the software requirements engineering community.",,Annals of Software Engineering,1997-01-01,Article,"Javier Lerch, F.;Ballou, Deborah J.;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85010482255,10.1177/1541931215591384,The life cycle effects of software process improvement: a longitudinal analysis,"Rapid innovation, intense competition, and the drive to survive have compelled information technology (IT) firms to seek ways to develop high quality software quickly and productively. The critical issues faced by these firms are the inter-relationships, sometimes viewed as trade-offs, between quality, cycle time, and effort in the software development life cycle. Some believe that higher quality can only be achieved with increased development time and effort. Others argue that higher quality results in less rework, with shorter development cycles and reduced effort. In this study, we investigate the inter-relationships between software process improvement, quality, cycle time, and effort. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the effect of software process improvement and software quality on all activities in the software development life cycle. We find that software process improvement leads to higher quality and that process improvement and quality are associated with reduced cycle time, development effort, and supporting activity effort (e.g., configuration management, quality assurance). We are in the process of examining the effect of process improvement and quality on post-deployment maintenance activities.",IS development effort | IS development time | Software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 1998",1998-12-13,Conference Paper,"Harter, Donald E.;Slaughter, Sandra A.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85088774088,10.2118/177506-ms,The cascading effect of process maturity on software quality,"Organizations are always looking to approach production in innovative ways that will boost the results, increase productivity, cut down slack time and increase revenue while keeping the risks of HSE failures and asset integrity incidents down to a minimum. The challenges are greater when time pressure comes into play. Consequently when an operational rig is shutdown for maintenance it becomes important to execute the project in a shortest time while ensuring uncompromising HSE, Quality and Asset Integrity standards. NDC examined its practices and put in place an innovative process and named this initiative Excellence in Projects (EiP). Simply put the Excellence in Projects follows the typical path of planning, execution, reviewing, and then once again planning. It follows the classic Deming cycle of PDCA and translates this in project terms. Starting with an assumption of a ""perfect world"" with unlimited resources in terms of funds, material and manpower, the EiP allows teams to plan a Perfect Project on paper. The requirement is to come up with a perfect time and quality output - best quality with the shortest time. The output of this ideal project is then transferred into real-life actions taking account of the actual projects constraints. The final result is the happy medium of truly achievable goals against challenging odds. The project is allowed to run and the lessons learnt are captured on completion and feed into the next project thus ensuring a continuous improvement cycle at all times. This paper is a case study on the successful implementation of this EiP project, using set KPIs and scoring systems, yielding excellent benefits not just in time and cost saving but also Team Building, Quality, Reliability and above all HSE and Asset Integrity.",,"Society of Petroleum Engineers - Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, ADIPEC 2015",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Pushkarna, A.;Mathew, R.;Al-Suwaidi, A. S.;Malhotra, U. N.;Mukhtar, A.;Belbissi, F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1145/1877725.1877730,The impact of schedule pressure on software development: A behavioral perspective,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84934268233,10.1111/ajsp.12099,The life cycle effects of software process maturity,"Research in cross-cultural psychology suggests that East Asians hold holistic thinking styles whereas North Americans hold analytic thinking styles. The present study examines the influence of cultural thinking styles on the online decision-making processes for Hong Kong Chinese and European Canadians, with and without time constraints. We investigated the online decision-making processes in terms of (1) information search speed, (2) quantity of information used, and (3) type of information used. Results show that, without time constraints, Hong Kong Chinese, compared to European Canadians, spent less time on decisions and parsed through information more efficiently, and Hong Kong Chinese attended to both important and less important information, whereas European Canadians selectively focused on important information. No cultural differences were found in the quantity of information used. When under time constraints, all cultural variations disappeared. The dynamics of cultural differences and similarities in decision-making are discussed.",Analytic versus holistic thinking styles | Cultural difference | Cultural similarity | Decision-making | Information search | Time pressure,Asian Journal of Social Psychology,2015-02-01,Article,"Li, Liman Man Wai;Masuda, Takahiko;Russell, Matthew J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84924290957,10.1109/IDT.2014.7038576,Time pressure in real-time dynamic decision making,Historically test engineers have had the problem that during debug of initial silicon that they are asked to characterize certain parts of the device. This adds time pressure as this is never part of the test quotation which also adds cost pressure since this takes extra test time and tester time to develop. The following topic will discuss a simple to develop method that will characterize a filter using a chirp to sweep the filters' frequency range. The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) behind this will also be covered.,,"Proceedings of 2014 9th International Design and Test Symposium, IDT 2014",2015-02-10,Conference Paper,"Sarson, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84979885707,10.1023/a:1018997029222,The Effects of Time Pressure on Quality in Software Development: An Agency Model: References,"An observational case study and an observation method are presented in this paper. The goal of the observation method is to identify, observe, document and analyse crisis situations in engineering product development teams. Crisis situations are characterized as unexpected or undesired situations with time pressure and pressure to act. The case study observes an academic student team designing and developing a racing car, as part of an inter-university racing car challenge. An introduction about case study design and a classification of the presented case study is given. The various steps in the observation method are described with the corresponding tools used in each step. Further, the application of this method is also explained and an initial framework of crisis situation is shown.",Human behaviour in design | Observational study | Research methodologies and methods crisis management | Risk management,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Muenzberg, Christopher;Venkataraman, Srinivasan;Hertrich, Nicolas;Fruehling, Carl;Lindemann, Udo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963701146,10.3233/978-1-61499-589-0-68,The Impacts of Budgets on People,"In real-time strategy games players make decisions and control their units simultaneously. Players are required to make decisions under time pressure and should be able to control multiple units at once in order to be successful. We present the design and implementation of a multi-agent interface for the real-time strategy game STARCRAFT: BROOD WAR. This makes it possible to build agents that control each of the units in a game. We make use of the Environment Interface Standard, thus enabling different agent programming languages to use our interface, and we show how agents can control the units in the game in the Jason and GOAL agent programming languages.",Agent programming languages | Environment interface standard | Multi-agent systems | Real-time strategy games,Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications,2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jensen, Andreas Schmidt;Kaysø-Rørdam, Christian;Villadsen, Jørgen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748883711,10.1109/BDIM.2007.375007,Measuring and Managing Performance in Organizations,"Incident management is the process through which the IT support organization manages to restore normal service operation as quickly as possible and with minimum disruption to the business. One of the ultimate measures of an IT support organization's success is the amount of time it takes to resolve an incident. Reducing this value not only reduces total cost and resource allocation but also increases customer satisfaction, which is one of the most important measures of a support center's performance. However, the support organization is often unable to collect data on their performance, let alone experiment with the consequences of reshuffling the organization and playing with alternative staffing levels. In this paper, we present our approach to assessing and improving the performance of an IT support organization in managing service incidents, based on the definition of a set of performance metrics and a methodology for guided analysis that allows a user to find the root causes of poor performance and decide on corrective actions to be taken. We provide validation of the approach by discussing its application a real-life case study of a leading IT provider for the airline industry. © 2007 IEEE.",Business-driven IT management (BDIM) | Business-oriented performance measures | Data warehousing | Decision support | Incident management | Information technology infrastructure library (ITIL) | Modeling | Performance evaluation,"Second IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management, BDIM 2007",2007-10-01,Conference Paper,"Barash, Gilad;Bartolini, Claudio;Wu, Liya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938405000,10.1371/journal.pone.0115756,The Dynamics of Bureaucracy: A Study of Interpersonal Relations in Two Government Agencies,"What makes people willing to pay costs to benefit others? Does such cooperation require effortful self-control, or do automatic, intuitive processes favor cooperation? Time pressure has been shown to increase cooperative behavior in Public Goods Games, implying a predisposition towards cooperation. Consistent with the hypothesis that this predisposition results from the fact that cooperation is typically advantageous outside the lab, it has further been shown that the time pressure effect is undermined by prior experience playing lab games (where selfishness is the more advantageous strategy). Furthermore, a recent study found that time pressure increases cooperation even in a game framed as a competition, suggesting that the time pressure effect is not the result of social norm compliance. Here, we successfully replicate these findings, again observing a positive effect of time pressure on cooperation in a competitively framed game, but not when using the standard cooperative framing. These results suggest that participants' intuitions favor cooperation rather than norm compliance, and also that simply changing the framing of the Public Goods Game is enough to make it appear novel to participants and thus to restore the time pressure effect.",,PLoS ONE,2014-12-31,Article,"Cone, Jeremy;Rand, David G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941631833,10.1016/B978-0-08-100063-2.00010-7,Software Engineering Economics,"This chapter examines how one librarian went from selling bras to providing reference service in an academic library. Although some decry the retail influence on reference work, retail experience can positively affect reference work. Bra fitters learn quickly that tact and sensitivity are required for a successful sale. Effective reference librarians employ those same skills with students. Students feel helpless when they ask a question, and admit they don't know how to find resources in the library. Stress is another common denominator between the two fields. The hectic pace that starts with Black Friday, and ends with returns the day after Christmas: is comparable the frenzied atmosphere present in a library at the end of a semester. Most importantly, retail provides extensive preparation for dealing with a wide variety of patrons.",Assessment skills | Fit for purpose | Public communication skills | Reference library | Retail experience | Time pressures,Skills to Make a Librarian: Transferable Skills Inside and Outside the Library,2015-01-01,Book Chapter,"Ewing, Robin L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946914081,10.1123/JAPA.2012-0241,The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering,"Thirty-one young (mean age = 20.8 years) and 30 older (mean age = 71.5 years) men and women categorized as physically active (n = 30) or inactive (n = 31) performed an executive processing task while standing, treadmill walking at a preferred pace, and treadmill walking at a faster pace. Dual-task interference was predicted to negatively impact older adults' cognitive fexibility as measured by an auditory switch task more than younger adults; further, participants' level of physical activity was predicted to mitigate the relation. For older adults, treadmill walking was accompanied by significantly more rapid response times and reductions in local- and mixed-switch costs. A speed-accuracy tradeoff was observed in which response errors increased linearly as walking speed increased, suggesting that locomotion under dual-task conditions degrades the quality of older adults' cognitive fexibility. Participants' level of physical activity did not infuence cognitive test performance.",Cognition | Dual-task interference | Information processing | Physical activity | Switch task,Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,2014-10-01,Article,"Tomporowski, Phillip D.;Audiffren, Michel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-42149120101,10.1145/1297846.1297873,No silver bullet: Essence and accidents of software engineering,"""No Silver Bullet"" is a classic software engineering paper that deserves revisiting. What if we had a chance to rewrite Brooks' article today? What have we learned about effective software development techniques over the last 20 years? Do we have some experiences that reinforce or contradict Brooks' thesis?",Complexity | Reuse,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mancl, Dennis;Fraser, Steven;Opdyke, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021199913,10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.02.005,Fifteen years of psychology in software engineering: Individual differences and cognitive science.,,,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1984-01-01,Conference Paper,"Curtis, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0006845902,10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.063,What if programmers were treated like jocks?,,,Cutter IT Journal,1997-05-01,Article,"Curtis, Bill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0347976263,10.1016/j.tele.2013.10.003,Microsoft’s weaknesses in software development,,,Cutter IT Journal,1997-10-01,Article,"Cusumano, Michael A.;Selby, Richard W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899931277,10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.144,Controlling Software Projects,We propose a formal approach to the problem of transforming uncertainty into risk via information revelation processes. Abstractions and formalizations regarding information acquisition processes are common in different areas of information sciences. We investigate the relationships between the way information is acquired and the continuity properties of revelation processes. A class of revelation processes whose continuity is characterized by how information is transmitted is introduced. This allows us to provide normative results regarding the continuity of the information acquisition processes of decision makers (DMs) and their ability to formulate probabilistic predictions within a given confidence range. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Continuity | Decision-making | Information acquisition | Time-pressure | Uncertainty,Information Sciences,2014-08-01,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904674229,10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00251,Why Does Software Cost So Much?,"The study investigates the neurocognitive stages involved in the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). Contrary to previous approach, we did not manipulate speed and accuracy instructions: participants were required to be fast and accurate in a go/no-go task, and we selected post-hoc the groups based on the subjects' spontaneous behavioral tendency. Based on the reaction times, we selected the fast and slow groups (Speed-groups), and based on the percentage of false alarms, we selected the accurate and inaccurate groups (Accuracy-groups). The two Speed-groups were accuracy-matched, and the two Accuracy-groups were speed-matched. High density electroencephalographic (EEG) and stimulus-locked analyses allowed us to observe group differences both before and after the stimulus onset. Long before the stimulus appearance, the two Speed-groups showed different amplitude of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), reflecting the activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA); by contrast, the two Accuracy-groups showed different amplitude of the prefrontal negativity (pN), reflecting the activity of the right prefrontal cortex (rPFC). In addition, the post-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components showed differences between groups: the P1 component was larger in accurate than inaccurate group; the N1 and N2 components were larger in the fast than slow group; the P3 component started earlier and was larger in the fast than slow group. The go minus no-go subtractive wave enhancing go-related processing revealed a differential prefrontal positivity (dpP) that peaked at about 330 ms; the latency and the amplitude of this peak were associated with the speed of the decision process and the efficiency of the stimulusresponse mapping, respectively. Overall, data are consistent with the view that speed and accuracy are processed by two interacting but separate neurocognitive systems, with different features in both the anticipation and the response execution phases. © 2014 Perri, Berchicci, Spinelli and Di Russo.",Bereitschaftspotential (BP) | Decision making | EEG | Event related potentials (ERPs) | Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,2014-07-22,Article,"Perri, Rinaldo Livio;Berchicci, Marika;Spinelli, Donatella;Di Russo, Francesco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928821540,10.1007/978-94-017-8975-2_16,Out of the Crisis,"As the largest country in the Asia Pacific with rapid industrialization, China is undergoing dramatic economic and social transformation which has a huge impact on work and employment, and workers' experiences of wellbeing. The key psychosocial factors at work, such as time pressure, workload, and job insecurity have been increasingly recognized for their adverse impact on levels of employee wellbeing. However, work-family conflict is a phenomenon which has received less attention in Chinese research on psychosocial factors at work. This chapter provides a historical overview of work-family conflict within the Chinese context, which has been cultured by collectivism for thousands of years. The divergence and concordance between individualistic and collectivist cultures on work-family conflict are presented; and its antecedents, consequences, and gender differences are also explored, followed by two case studies from China. It is concluded that, in contemporary China, work-family conflict is an important psychosocial factor at work. Contradicting findings from Western societies, obvious gender-based work-family conflict in China is observed, whereby the breadwinner role is central for men, and extra work which interferes with family life temporarily is accepted commonly by family members for the sake of future benefits from men's career success. Thus, although Chinese men's work-to-family conflict is high, their wellbeing is majorly determined by family-to-work conflict. For Chinese women with more than 90 % participation rate in employment, they are still expected to take primary responsibilities for housework and child-rearing. As a result, Chinese women are exposed to a double burden from work and family, and their wellbeing is affected by both work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. In future, extended evidence by prospective investigations and intervention studies are needed to strengthen health-promoting work environments in China.",Employee wellbeing | Family-work conflict | Job Insecurity | Psychosocial factors at work in China | Time pressure | Work-family conflict | Workload,Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific,2014-07-01,Book Chapter,"Li, Jian;Angerer, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026207547,10.1287/mnsc.37.8.990,Parkinson’s law and its implications for project management,"Critical path models concerning project management (i.e. PERT/CPM) fail to account for work force behavioral effects on the expected project completion time. In this paper, we provide a modelling framework for project management activities, that ultimately accounts for expected worker behavior under Parkinson's Law. A stochastic activity completion time model is used to formally state Parkinson's Law. The developed model helps to examine the effects of information release policies on subcontractors of project activities, and to develop managerial policies for setting appropriate deadlines for series or parallel project activities.",,Management Science,1991-01-01,Article,"Gutierrez, Genaro J.;Kouvelis, Panagiotis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59149105834,10.1016/j.ijindorg.2008.07.002,Moral hazard and observability,"In a framework of repeated-purchase experience goods with seller's moral hazard and imperfect monitoring, umbrella branding may improve the terms of the implicit contract between seller and buyers, whereby the seller invests in quality and buyers pay a high price. In some cases, umbrella branding leads to a softer punishment of product failure, which increases the seller's value. In other cases, umbrella branding leads to a harsher punishment of product failure, which allows for a reputational equilibrium that would otherwise be impossible. On the negative side, under umbrella branding one bad signal may kill two revenue streams, not one. Combining costs and benefits, I determine the set of parameter values such that umbrella branding is an optimal strategy. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Branding | Repeated games | Reputation,International Journal of Industrial Organization,2009-03-01,Article,"Cabral, Luís M.B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904764322,10.12733/jcis10347,"Multi-task principal-agent analyses: Incentive contracts, asset ownership, and job design","The paper studies how to efficiently build series of Boosted cascades to fulfil different SPEED requirements for object detection. A novel cascade structure is proposed. The proposed cascade structure is composed of two different functional parts. The first part is a pre-processing cascaded classifier. It is designed to fulfil different speed requirements. The second part is a cascaded classifier which is the same as it is in the traditional method. It is designed to preserve the classification performance of the whole cascaded classifier. In the first part, series of optional cascaded classifiers are built with different computation costs. To improve the training efficiency, these series of cascaded classifier are built based on one single Boosted strong classifier by a search-based method. The searching algorithm runs iteratively. At each round, a cascaded classifier is built. The cascaded classifier from the last round is further utilized in the next round to build a faster cascaded classifier. Experiments on frontal face detection demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. State-of-art results are achieved with less computation cost. © 2014 Binary Information Press.",Cascade | Haar-like feature | Object detection | Speed,Journal of Computational Information Systems,2014-06-01,Article,"Yan, Shengye;Chang, Jinjin;Liu, Xuguang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946909299,10.1002/pchj.52,Microsoft corporation: Office business unit.,"We propose a conceptual model of how time pressure affects emotional well-being associated with mundane routine activities. A selective review of research in several areas affirms the plausibility of the conceptual model, which posits negative effects on emotional well-being of insufficient time allocated to restorative and other activities instrumental for attaining desirable work, family life, and leisure goals. Previous research also affirms that practicing time management can have indirect positive effects by decreasing time pressure, whereas material wealth can have both negative indirect effects and positive indirect effects by increasing and decreasing time pressure, respectively. Several issues remain to be studied empirically. The conceptual model is a ground for additional, preferably cross-cultural, research.",Emotional well-being | Time pressure | Western life style,PsyCh Journal,2014-06-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Krause, Kristina;Gamble, Amelie;Hartig, Terry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902324361,10.7554/eLife.02260,"Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure","Decision making often involves a tradeoff between speed and accuracy. Previous studies indicate that neural activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) represents the gradual accumulation of evidence toward a threshold level, or evidence bound, which terminates the decision process. The level of this bound is hypothesized to mediate the speed-accuracy tradeoff. To test this, we recorded from LIP while monkeys performed a motion discrimination task in two speed-accuracy regimes. Surprisingly, the terminating threshold levels of neural activity were similar in both regimes. However, neurons recorded in the faster regime exhibited stronger evidence-independent activation from the beginning of decision formation, effectively reducing the evidence-dependent neural modulation needed for choice commitment. Our results suggest that control of speed versus accuracy may be exerted through changes in decision-related neural activity itself rather than through changes in the threshold applied to such neural activity to terminate a decision. © Booth et al.",,eLife,2014-05-27,Article,"Hanks, Timothy D.;Kiani, Roozbeh;Shadlen, Michael N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041542962,10.1016/S0165-4896(99)00011-6,Subjective probability and the theory of games,"To allow conditioning on counterfactual events, zero probabilities can be replaced by infinitesimal probabilities that range over a non-Archimedean ordered field. This paper considers a suitable minimal field that is a complete metric space. Axioms similar to those in Anscombe and Aumann [Anscombe, F.J., Aumann, R.J., 1963. A definition of subjective probability, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 34, 199-205.] and in Blume et al. [Blume, L., Brandenburger, A., Dekel, E., 1991. Lexicographic probabilities and choice under uncertainty, Econometrica 59, 61-79.] are used to characterize preferences which: (i) reveal unique non-Archimedean subjective probabilities within the field; and (ii) can be represented by the non-Archimedean subjective expected value of any real-valued von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function in a unique cardinal equivalence class, using the natural ordering of the field. © Elsevier Science B.V.",,Mathematical social sciences,1999-01-01,Article,"Hammond, Peter J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896371281,10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000415,Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk,"The organizational and project-related practices adopted by design firms can influence the nature and ability of people to perform their tasks. In recognition of such influences, a structured survey questionnaire was used to determine the key factors contributing to design error costs in 139 Australian construction projects. Using stepwise multiple regressions, the significant organizational and project-related variables influencing design error costs are determined. The analysis revealed that the mean design error costs for the sample projects were 14.2% of the original contract value. Significant organizational and project factors influencing design error included inadequate training for employees and unrealistic design and documentation schedules required by clients. From the findings, key strategies for reducing design errors that are attributable to organization and project-related practices are identified. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.",Contract documentation | Costs | Design errors | Organization | Project | Schedule pressure,Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2014-04-01,Conference Paper,"Love, Peter E.D.;Lopez, Robert;Kim, Jeong Tai;Kim, Mi Jeong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896756057,10.1525/abt.2014.76.3.8,"On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B","In order to challenge our undergraduate students' enduring misconception that plants, animals, and fungi must be ""advanced"" and that other eukaryotes traditionally called protists must be ""primitive,"" we have developed a 24-hour takehome guided inquiry and investigation of live Physarum cultures. The experiment replicates recent peer-reviewed research regarding speed - accuracy tradeoffs and reliably produces data with which students explore key biological concepts and practice essential scientific competencies. It requires minimal resources and can be adapted for high school students or more independent student investigations. We present statistical analyses of data from four semesters and provide examples of our strategies for student engagement and assessment. © 2014 by National Association of Biology Teachers. All rights reserved. Request permission to photocopy or reproduce article content at the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions Web site at.",Behavior | data analysis | model organisms | protists | speed-accuracy tradeoffs,American Biology Teacher,2014-03-01,Article,"Weeks, Andrea;Bachman, Beverly;Josway, Sarah;Laemmerzahl, Arndt F.;North, Brittany",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897593249,10.1037/xap000007,Subjective time estimates in critical path planning—a preliminary analysis,"Signal Detection Theory (SDT; Green & Swets, 1966) is a popular tool for understanding decision making. However, it does not account for the time taken to make a decision, nor why response bias might change over time. Sequential sampling models provide a way of accounting for speed-accuracy trade-offs and response bias shifts. In this study, we test the validity of a sequential sampling model of conflict detection in a simulated air traffic control task by assessing whether two of its key parameters respond to experimental manipulations in a theoretically consistent way. Through experimental instructions, we manipulated participants' response bias and the relative speed or accuracy of their responses. The sequential sampling model was able to replicate the trends in the conflict responses as well as response time across all conditions. Consistent with our predictions, manipulating response bias was associated primarily with changes in the model's Criterion parameter, whereas manipulating speed- accuracy instructions was associated with changes in the Threshold parameter. The success of the model in replicating the human data suggests we can use the parameters of the model to gain an insight into the underlying response bias and speed-accuracy preferences common to dynamic decision-making tasks. © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Criterion | Response bias | Sequential sampling model | Speed-accuracy | Threshold,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,2014-03-01,Article,"Vuckovic, Anita;Kwantes, Peter J.;Humphreys, Michael;Neal, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84894472668,10.1177/1403494813510984,Why work incentives fall down on the job,"Aims: To estimate the prevalence of time pressure experienced by parents in the Nordic countries and examine potential gender disparities as well as associations to parents’ family and/or living conditions. Methods: 5949 parents of children aged 2–17 years from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, participating in the 2011 version of the NordChild study, reported their experience of time pressure when keeping up with duties of everyday life. A postal questionnaire addressed to the most active caretaker of the child, was used for data gathering and logistic regression analysis applied. Results: The mother was regarded as the primary caregiver in 83.9% of the cases. Of the mothers, 14.2% reported that they experienced time pressure “most often”, 54.7 % reported “sometimes” and 31.1 % reported they did “not” experience time pressure at all. Time pressure was experienced by 22.2 % of mothers in Sweden, 18.4% in Finland, 13.7% in Norway and 3.9% in Denmark, and could be associated to lack of support, high educational level, financial stress, young child age and working overtime. Conclusions: The mother is regarded as the child’s primary caregiver among the vast majority of families in spite of living in societies with gender-equal family policies. The results indicate that time pressure is embedded in everyday life of mainly highly-educated mothers and those experiencing financial stress and/or lack of social support. No conclusion could be made about time pressure from the “normbreaking” fathers participating in the study, but associations were found to financial stress and lack of support. © 2013, the Nordic Societies of Public Health. All rights reserved.",Everyday life | health | Nordic countries | parents | time pressure | wellbeing,Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,2014-01-01,Article,"Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur;Povlsen, Lene;Petzold, Max",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947765642,10.1007/3-540-58951-1_128,All above average and other unintended consequences of performance appraisal systems,"The personal software process (PSP) is a process-based method for teaching software engineering principles to software engineers. This one semester graduate or seniorlevel undergraduate course uses quality management principles and the capability maturity model (CMM) framework to demonstrate the benefits of applying sound engineering principles to software work. During the course, students learn how to plan and manage their work and how to apply process definition and measurement to their personal tasks.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1995-01-01,Conference Paper,"Humphrey, Watts S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,Software project control: An experimental investigation of judgment with fallible information,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022766907,10.1109/MS.1986.234072,The impact of schedule estimation on software project behavior,,,IEEE Software,1986-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Lessons learned from modeling the dynamics of software development,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893937813,10.1057/kmrp.2012.61,"Production information costs, and economic organization","This study considers the dilemma faced by employees every time a colleague requests knowledge: should they share their knowledge? We use adaptive cost theory and self-efficacy theory to examine how individual characteristics (i.e., self-efficacy and trait competitiveness) and situational perceptions (i.e., 'busyness' and perceived competition) affect knowledge sharing behaviours. A study was conducted with 403 students who completed a problem-solving exercise and who were permitted (but not required) to respond to requests for knowledge from people who were doing the same activity. Our results suggest that people who perceive significant time pressure are less likely to share knowledge. Trait competitiveness predicted perceived competition. This and low task self-efficacy created a sense of time pressure, which in turn led to people feeling 'too busy' to share their knowledge when it was requested. Perceived competition was not directly related to knowledge sharing. Implications for research and practitioners are discussed. © 2014 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",knowledge sharing | perceived competition | perceived time pressure | self-efficacy | trait competitiveness,Knowledge Management Research and Practice,2014-01-01,Article,"Connelly, Catherine E.;Ford, Dianne P.;Turel, Ofir;Gallupe, Brent;Zweig, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900209165,10.1007/s11043-013-9219-z,Developing products on “internet time”: The anatomy of a flexible development process,"Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) of unfilled as well as particle-filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(norbornene) was performed to compare their behavior as dampers. PDMS and PNB were filled with varying contents of spherical iron particles (aspect ratio of 1) and also different hardness formulations of the materials were characterized. The wicket-plot (tanδ vs. storage modulus) was considered therefore and all frequency- and temperature-dependent results were presented. Linear dependencies were observed for PDMS, even though the material did not reveal thermorheologically simple behavior. However, tanδ of PNB was a unique function of its storage modulus and so the material exhibited thermorheologically simple behavior. A linear shift factor over frequency-temperature and frequency-internal pressure (Fe-content) was found for PDMS. Master curves of PNB were constructed and reasonable results were achieved, which were due to their thermorheologically simple material behavior. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) | PDMS | PNB | Time-pressure superposition | Time-temperature superposition | Viscoelastic damper,Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials,2014-02-01,Article,"Çakmak, U. D.;Hiptmair, F.;Major, Z.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897042699,10.1080/14427591.2013.865153,"Economics, Organization and Management","In occupational science, occupation refers to the everyday things people need, want and are expected to do. One of these things is the act of travelling from one occupation to another. Conventional wisdom in modern societies suggests that the faster we do this, the better: the faster we travel, the further we move and the more productive we become. In this paper, I question this view, exploring a paradox whereby increasing the speed of travel as a strategy to cope with time pressure can lead to a loss of time, money and health. A holistic assessment of the costs of transport reveals that active modes of travel may reduce time pressures and help people rediscover natural connections between themselves and their world. I explain how a culture of speed promotes lifestyles that minimise the chances of children engaging in the healthy occupations of walking and cycling, and leads to a situation where larger numbers of people (adults and children) are engaged in less healthy occupations. In a multitude of ways, some of which have been largely overlooked in research on health or time pressure, active travel can improve the health of individuals, cities and the planet. © 2013 The Journal of Occupational Science Incorporated.",Active travel | Children | Health | Speed | Time pressure,Journal of Occupational Science,2014-01-02,Article,"Tranter, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905011963,10.3389/fnins.2014.00150,In-laws and Outlaws and Parkinson’s Third Law.,"There are few behavioral effects as ubiquitous as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). From insects to rodents to primates, the tendency for decision speed to covary with decision accuracy seems an inescapable property of choice behavior. Recently, the SAT has received renewed interest, as neuroscience approaches begin to uncover its neural underpinnings and computational models are compelled to incorporate it as a necessary benchmark. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of SAT. First, I trace its history as a tractable behavioral phenomenon and the role it has played in shaping mathematical descriptions of the decision process. Second, I present a ""users guide"" of SAT methodology, including a critical review of common experimental manipulations and analysis techniques and a treatment of the typical behavioral patterns that emerge when SAT is manipulated directly. Finally, I review applications of this methodology in several domains. © 2014 Heitz.",Decision-making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Neuroscience,2014-01-01,Review,"Heitz, Richard P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000462221,10.1126/science.250.4985.1210,Organizational aspects of engineering system safety: The case of offshore platforms,"Organizational errors are often at the root of failures of critical engineering systems. Yet, when searching for risk management strategies, engineers tend to focus on technical solutions, in part because of the way risks and failures are analyzed. Probabilistic risk analysis allows assessment of the safety of a complex system by relating its failure probability to the performance of its components and operators. In this article, some organizational aspects are introduced to this analysis in an effort to describe the link between the probability of component failures and relevant features of the organization. Probabilities are used to analyze occurrences of organizational errors and their effects on system safety. Coarse estimates of the benefits of certain organizational improvements can then be derived. For jacket-type offshore platforms, improving the design review can provide substantial reliability gains, and the corresponding expense is about two orders of magnitude below the cost of achieving the same result by adding steel to structures.",,Science,1990-01-01,Article,"Paté-Cornell, M. Elisabeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85063003228,10.1080/14719037.2019.1577906,Dysfunctional consequences of performance measurements.,"Performance measurement (PM) has become increasingly popular in the management of public sector organizations (PSOs). This is somewhat paradoxical considering that PM has been criticized for having dysfunctional consequences. Although there are reasons to believe that PM may have dysfunctional consequences, when they occur has not been clarified. The aim of this research is to conceptualize the dysfunctional consequences of PM in PSOs. Based on complementarity theory and contingency theory we conclude that dysfunctional consequences of PM are a matter of interactions between PM design and PM use, between control practices in the control system and between PM and context.",control system | dysfunctional consequences | Performance measurement,Public Management Review,2019-12-02,Article,"Siverbo, Sven;Cäker, Mikael;Åkesson, Johan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905440934,10.1037/a0036801,The economic theory of agency: The principal’s problem,"Decision-makers effortlessly balance the need for urgency against the need for caution. Theoretical and neurophysiological accounts have explained this tradeoffsolely in terms of the quantity of evidence required to trigger a decision (the ""threshold""). This explanation has also been used as a benchmark test for evaluating new models of decision making, but the explanation itself has not been carefully tested against data. We rigorously test the assumption that emphasizing decision speed versus decision accuracy selectively influences only decision thresholds. In data from a new brightness discrimination experiment we found that emphasizing decision speed over decision accuracy not only decreases the amount of evidence required for a decision but also decreases the quality of information being accumulated during the decision process. This result was consistent for 2 leading decision-making models and in a model-free test. We also found the same model-based results in archival data from a lexical decision task (reported by Wagenmakers, Ratcliff, Gomez, & McKoon, 2008) and new data from a recognition memory task. We discuss implications for theoretical development and applications. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Decision making | Evidence accumulation | Response time | Sequential sampling | Speed accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition,2014-01-01,Article,"Rae, Babette;Heathcote, Andrew;Donkin, Chris;Averell, Lee;Brown, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905457389,10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003700,Organizations and markets,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) is an adaptive process balancing urgency and caution when making decisions. Computational cognitive theories, known as ""evidence accumulation models"", have explained SATs via a manipulation of the amount of evidence necessary to trigger response selection. New light has been shed on these processes by single-cell recordings from monkeys who were adjusting their SAT settings. Those data have been interpreted as inconsistent with existing evidence accumulation theories, prompting the addition of new mechanisms to the models. We show that this interpretation was wrong, by demonstrating that the neural spiking data, and the behavioural data are consistent with existing evidence accumulation theories, without positing additional mechanisms. Our approach succeeds by using the neural data to provide constraints on the cognitive model. Open questions remain about the locus of the link between certain elements of the cognitive models and the neurophysiology, and about the relationship between activity in cortical neurons identified with decision-making vs. activity in downstream areas more closely linked with motor effectors. © 2014 Cassey et al.",,PLoS Computational Biology,2014-01-01,Article,"Cassey, Peter;Heathcote, Andrew;Brown, Scott D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897550404,10.1007/s00332-013-9191-4,Counterforces to change,"I describe the basic components of the nervous system - neurons and their connections via chemical synapses and electrical gap junctions - and review the model for the action potential produced by a single neuron, proposed by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) over 60 years ago. I then review simplifications of the HH model and extensions that address bursting behavior typical of motoneurons, and describe some models of neural circuits found in pattern generators for locomotion. Such circuits can be studied and modeled in relative isolation from the central nervous system and brain, but the brain itself (and especially the human cortex) presents a much greater challenge due to the huge numbers of neurons and synapses involved. Nonetheless, simple stochastic accumulator models can reproduce both behavioral and electrophysiological data and offer explanations for human behavior in perceptual decisions. In the second part of the paper I introduce these models and describe their relation to an optimal strategy for identifying a signal obscured by noise, thus providing a norm against which behavior can be assessed and suggesting reasons for suboptimal performance. Accumulators describe average activities in brain areas associated with the stimuli and response modes used in the experiments, and they can be derived, albeit non-rigorously, from simplified HH models of excitatory and inhibitory neural populations. Finally, I note topics excluded due to space constraints and identify some open problems. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.",Accumulator | Averaging | Bifurcation | Central pattern generator | Decision making | Drift-diffusion process | Mean field reduction | Optimality | Phase reduction | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Nonlinear Science,2014-01-01,Article,"Holmes, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893766505,10.1080/00140139.2013.854929,Teaching a Project-Intensive Introduction to Software Engineering,"The active learning hypothesis of the job-demand-control model [Karasek, R. A. 1979. ""Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign."" Administration Science Quarterly 24: 285-307] proposes positive effects of high job demands and high job control on performance. We conducted a 2 (demands: high vs. low) × 2 (control: high vs. low) experimental office workplace simulation to examine this hypothesis. Since performance during a work simulation is confounded by the boundaries of the demands and control manipulations (e.g. time limits), we used a post-test, in which participants continued working at their task, but without any manipulation of demands and control. This post-test allowed for examining active learning (transfer) effects in an unconfounded fashion. Our results revealed that high demands had a positive effect on quantitative performance, without affecting task accuracy. In contrast, high control resulted in a speed-accuracy tradeoff, that is participants in the high control conditions worked slower but with greater accuracy than participants in the low control conditions. Practitioner Summary: The job-demand-control model proposes positive effects of high job demands-high job control combinations on active learning and performance. In an experimental workplace simulation, we found positive effects of high demands on quantitative performance, whereas high control resulted in a speed-accuracy trade-off (participants worked slower but were more accurate). © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",active learning hypothesis | job-demand-control model | speed-accuracy tradeoff | work performance,Ergonomics,2014-01-01,Article,"Häusser, Jan Alexander;Schulz-Hardt, Stefan;Mojzisch, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903576205,10.1145/2592235.2592246,Current Budgeting Practices in U.S. Industry: The State of the Art,"Gamification and serious games are becoming increasingly important for training, wellness, and other applications. How can games be developed for non-traditional gaming populations such as the elderly, and how can gaming be applied in non-traditional areas such as cognitive assessment? The application that we were interested in is detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Example use cases where gamified cognitive assessment might be useful are: prediction of delirium onset risk in emergency departments and postoperative hospital wards; evaluation of recovery from stroke in neuro-rehabilitation; monitoring of transitions from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in long-term care. With the rapid increase in cognitive disorders in many countries, inexpensive methods of measuring cognitive status on an ongoing basis, and to large numbers of people, are needed. In order to address this challenge we have developed a novel game-based method of cognitive assessment. In this paper, we present findings from a usability study conducted on the game that we developed for measuring changes in cognitive status. We report on the game's ability to predict cognitive status under varying game parameters, and we introduce a method to calibrate the game that takes into account differences in speed and accuracy, and in motor coordination. Recommendations concerning the development of serious games for cognitive assessment are made, and detailed recommendations concerning future development of the whack-a-mole game are also provided. © 2014 ACM.",calibration | digital game design | Fitts' law | game usability | gamification | human-computer interaction | interface design | serious games | speed-accuracy tradeoff | user experience | user-centered design,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Tong, Tiffany;Chignell, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905438637,10.1037/a0037012,"Papers citing ""The Effects of Time Pressure on Quality in Software Development: An Agency Model""","The Ising Decision Maker (IDM) is a new formal model for speeded two-choice decision making derived from the stochastic Hopfield network or dynamic Ising model. On a microscopic level, it consists of 2 pools of binary stochastic neurons with pairwise interactions. Inside each pool, neurons excite each other, whereas between pools, neurons inhibit each other. The perceptual input is represented by an external excitatory field. Using methods from statistical mechanics, the high-dimensional network of neurons (microscopic level) is reduced to a two-dimensional stochastic process, describing the evolution of the mean neural activity per pool (macroscopic level). The IDM can be seen as an abstract, analytically tractable multiple attractor network model of information accumulation. In this article, the properties of the IDM are studied, the relations to existing models are discussed, and it is shown that the most important basic aspects of two-choice response time data can be reproduced. In addition, the IDM is shown to predict a variety of observed psychophysical relations such as Piéron's law, the van der Molen-Keuss effect, and Weber's law. Using Bayesian methods, the model is fitted to both simulated and real data, and its performance is compared to the Ratcliff diffusion model. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Choice response time | Diffusion models | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Statistical mechanics | Stochastic hopfield network,Psychological Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Verdonck, Stijn;Tuerlinckx, Francis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038814299,10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992,Open source software and the “private-collective” innovation model: Issues for organization science,"Currently, two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The ""private investment"" model assumes returns to the innovator result from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The ""collective action"" model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source software development shows that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating private returns from selling the software. In this paper, we propose that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound ""private-collective"" model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models and can offer society the ""best of both worlds"" under many conditions. We describe a new set of research questions this model raises for scholars in organization science. We offer some details regarding the types of data available for open source projects in order to ease access for researchers who are unfamiliar with these, and also offer some advice on conducting empirical studies on open source software development processes.","Incentives | Innovation | Open Source Software | User Innovation, Users, Collective Action",Organization Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Von Hippel, Eric;Von Krogh, Georg",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81355153720,10.2307/41409963,Technostress: technological antecedents and implications,"With the proliferation and ubiquity of information and communication technologies (ICTs), it is becoming imperative for individuals to constantly engage with these technologies in order to get work accomplished. Academic literature, popular press, and anecdotal evidence suggest that ICTs are responsible for increased stress levels in individuals (known as technostress). However, despite the influence of stress on health costs and productivity, it is not very clear which characteristics of ICTs create stress. We draw from IS and stress research to build and test a model of technostress. The person-environment fit model is used as a theoretical lens. The research model proposes that certain technology characteristics-like usability (usefulness, complexity, and reliability), intrusiveness (presenteeism, anonymity), and dynamism (pace of change)-are related to stressors (work overload, role ambiguity, invasion of privacy, work-home conflict, and job insecurity). Field data from 661 working professionals was obtained and analyzed. The results clearly suggest the prevalence of technostress and the hypotheses from the model are generally supported. Work overload and role ambiguity are found to be the two most dominant stressors, whereas intrusive technology characteristics are found to be the dominant predictors of stressors. The results open up new avenues for research by highlighting the incidence of technostress in organizations and possible interventions to alleviate it.",ICTs | Information and communication technologies | Strain | Stress | Stressors | Technology characteristics | Technostress,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2011-01-01,Article,"Ayyagari, Ramakrishna;Grover, Varun;Purvis, Russell",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-30344431785,10.1287/isre.1050.0055,Collaborating on multiparty information systems development projects: A collective reflection-in-action view,"Growth of Web-based applications has drawn a great number of diverse stakeholders and specialists into the information systems development (ISD) practice. Marketing, strategy, and graphic design professionals have joined technical developers, business managers, and users in the development of Web-based applications. Often, these specialists work for different organizations with distinct histories and cultures. A longitudinal, qualitative field study of a Web-based application development project was undertaken to develop an in-depth understanding of the collaborative practices that unfold among diverse professionals on ISD projects. The paper proposes that multiparty collaborative practice can be understood as constituting a ""collective reflection-in-action"" cycle through which an information systems (IS) design emerges as a result of agents producing, sharing, and reflecting on explicit objects. Depending on their control over the various economic and cultural (intellectual) resources brought to the project and developed on the project, agents influence the design in distinctive ways. They use this control to either ""add to,"" ""ignore,"" or ""challenge"" the work produced by others. Which of these modes of collective reflection-in-action are enacted on the project influences whose expertise will be reflected in the final design. Implications for the study of boundary objects, multiparty collaboration, and organizational learning in contemporary ISD are drawn. © 2005 INFORMS.",Critical perspectives on IT | Ethnographic research | Interpretive research | Management of IS projects | Outsourcing | System design and implementation,Information Systems Research,2005-01-01,Article,"Levina, Natalia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845983993,10.2307/25148728,"Reliability, mindfulness, and information systems","In a world where information technology is both important and imperfect, organizations and individuals are faced with the ongoing challenge of determining how to use complex, fragile systems in dynamic contexts to achieve reliable out- comes. While reliability is a central concern of information systems practitioners at many levels, there has been limited consideration in information systems scholarship of how firms and individuals create, manage, and use technology to attain reliability. We propose that examining how individuals and organizations use information systems to reliably perform work will increase both the richness and relevance of IS research. Drawing from studies of individual and organizational cognition, we examine the concept of mindfulness as a theoretical foundation for explaining efforts to achieve individual and organizational reliability in the face of complex technologies and surprising environments. We then consider a variety of implications of mindfulness theories of reliability in the form of alternative interpretations of existing knowledge and new directions for inquiry in the areas of IS operations, design, and management.",Is design | IS management | IS operations | Mindfulness | Reliability | Resilience,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Butler, Brian S.;Gray, Peter H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038108621,10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00054-4,Special issue on open source software development,"This special issue of Research Policy is dedicated to new research on the phenomenon of open source software development. Open Source, because of its novel modes of operation and robust functioning in the marketplace, poses novel and fundamental questions for researchers in many fields, ranging from the economics of innovation to the principles by which productive work can best be organized. In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a general history and description of open source software and open source software development processes, plus an overview of the articles. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Editorial | Open source software development,Research Policy,2003-01-01,Editorial,"Von Krogh, Georg;Von Hippel, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,"Software effort, quality, and cycle time: A study of CMM level 5 projects","The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0043245185,10.1287/isre.14.2.170.16017,The impact of experience and time on the use of data quality information in decision making,"Data Quality Information (DQI) is metadata that can be included with data to provide the user with information regarding the quality of that data. As users are increasingly removed from any personal experience with data, knowledge that would be beneficial in judging the appropriateness of the data for the decision to be made has been lost. Data tags could provide this missing information. However, it would be expensive in general to generate and maintain such information. Doing so would be worthwhile only if DQI is used and affects the decision made. This work focuses on how the experience of the decision maker and the available processing time influence the use of DQI in decision making. It also explores other potential issues regarding use of DQI, such as task complexity and demographic characteristics. Our results indicate increasing use of DQI when experience levels progress through the stages from novice to professional. The overall conclusion is that DQI should be made available to managers without domain-specific experience. From this it would follow that DQI should be incorporated into data warehouses used on an ad hoc basis by managers.",Data Quality | Data Quality Information (DQI) | Data Quality Tags | Data Warehouse | Decision Making | Information Quality | Metadata,Information Systems Research,2003-01-01,Article,"Fisher, Craig W.;Chengalur-Smith, Indu Shobha;Ballou, Donald P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041828594,10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00132-2,Information systems project management: an agency theory interpretation,The failure rate of information systems development projects is high. Agency theory offers a potential explanation for it. Structured interviews with 12 IS project managers about their experiences managing IS development projects show how it can be used to understand IS development project outcomes. Managers can use the results of the interviews to improve their own IS project management. Researchers can use them to examine agency theory with a larger number of project managers. © 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Agency theory | Incentives | Information systems | Monitoring | Project management,Journal of Systems and Software,2003-10-15,Article,"Mahaney, Robert C.;Lederer, Albert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905981613,,The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards for developers on information systems project success,"Can agile software development methods handle time pressure effectively? In this research-in-progress paper we examine the sources and remedies for time pressure in an agile software development project. We draw upon research on emergent outcome controls to understand how they can be used effectively to handle time pressure. In particular, we use Extreme Programming (XP) as an agile development exemplar and propose 3 interesting research propositions. Further, we discuss the limitations, practical implications, and future research efforts on how emergent outcome controls can be used to balance aspects of quality, time, and cost in software development.",Agile software development | Controls | Extreme programming | Time pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Malgonde, Onkar;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902283171,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.926-930.4065,Information systems risks and risk factors: are they mostly about information systems?,"The impulse buying is a special kind of irrational behavior; the impact factor has been research hotspot of scholars and the focus of companies. Based on the analysis of the phenomenon of impulse buying and the literature of impulse buying, we realize time pressure is the important influencing factor on impulse buying. In this paper, we study time pressure effects on impulse buying behavior, and the need for cognitive closure of intermediary role and regulation of demographic variables in promotion situation, on the basis of that we constructed the model of under time pressure effects on impulse buying in promotion situation. We expect this paper can promote the related theory research of impulse buying, and provide theory basis for merchants take reasonable promotion methods. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Demography variables | Impulse buying | Need for cognitive closure | Time pressure,Advanced Materials Research,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hu, Mei;Qin, Xiang Bin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905982645,10.1109/MITP.2010.33,Open-source software development,"Decision makers often have to make decisions in high-pressure situations in which time is limited and competing alternatives are similar. However, research on how time-pressure influences decisions in an information system (IS) context is relatively limited. This study examines the influence of time-pressure on behavioural affect and cognitive effects using eye tracking technology in a behavioural experiment on a software acquisition task. Further, it explores the independent and interactive influence of justification requirement. Results indicate that time-pressure creates discomfort and limits the amount of time spent examining the available information, both in terms of the number of fixations (gazes at part of the screen) and the duration of those fixations. However, this does not mean that information was ignored. Instead, decision-makers under time-pressure actually examined more information under certain circumstances, i.e. the justification requirement seems to interact with time-pressure.",Decision strategy | Eye tracking | Justification | Software acquisition | Time-pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fehrenbacher, Dennis D.;Smith, Stephen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-13844275988,10.1109/TEM.2004.839962,Technology competition and optimal investment timing: a real options perspective,"Companies often choose to defer irreversible investments to maintain valuable managerial flexibility in an uncertain world. For some technology-intensive projects, technology uncertainty plays a dominant role in affecting investment timing. This article analyzes the investment timing strategy for a firm that is deciding about whether to adopt one or the other of two incompatible and competing technologies. We develop a continuous-time stochastic model that aids in the determination of optimal timing for managerial adoption within the framework of real options theory. The model captures the elements of the decision-making process in such a way so as to provide managerial guidance in light of expectations associated with future technology competition. The results of this paper suggest that a technology adopter should defer its investment until one technology's probability to win out in the marketplace and achieve critical mass reaches a critical threshold. The optimal timing strategy for adoption that we propose can also be used in markets that are subject to positive network feedback. Although network effects usually tend to make the market equilibrium less stable and shorten the process of technology competition, we show why technology adopters may require more technology uncertainties to be resolved before widespread adoption can occur. © 2005 IEEE.",Capital budgeting | Decision analysis | Investment timing | Network externalities | Option pricing | Real options | Stochastic processes | Technology adoption,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2005-02-01,Article,"Kauffman, Robert J.;Li, Xiaotong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1016/0950-5849(95)01045-9,"A general, but readily adaptable model of information system risk","Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744803243,10.1002/spip.256,Usability processes in open source projects,"We explore how some open source projects address issues of usability. We describe the mechanisms, techniques and technology used by open source communities to design and refine the interfaces to their programs. In particular we consider how these developers cope with their distributed community, lack of domain expertise, limited resources and separation from their users. We also discuss how bug reporting and discussion systems can be improved to better support bug reporters and open source developers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Bug reporting | Interface design | Open source | Usability,Software Process Improvement and Practice,2006-03-01,Article,"Nichols, David M.;Twidale, Michael B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846032652,10.2307/25148734,Managing peer-to-peer conflicts in disruptive information technology innovations: the case of software reuse,"We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies and how appropriately devised managerial interventions (e.g., coordination mechanisms and organizational learning practices) can lessen these conflicts. A study of software reuse programs in four organizations was conducted to assess the validity of the model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained showed that companies that had implemented such managerial interventions experienced greater success with their software reuse programs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.",Coordination mechanisms | Disruptive IT innovations | Goal conflict | Organizational learning | Software reuse,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Sherif, Karma;Zmud, Robert W.;Browne, Glenn J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952435958,10.1037/a0035760,Collaborating with customers to innovate: Conceiving and marketing products in the networking age,"A groundbreaking study of the customer's role in new production development. 'Customers have become a critical innovation partner for companies in many industries. At the same time, new information technologies have made such collaborative innovation with customers more feasible and cost-effective. Prandelli, Sawhney, and Verona's book resonates this important theme and contributes to our understanding of the associated management concepts and practices. Definitely a valuable book - for both academic researchers as well as practitioners!'. © Emanuela Prandelli, Mohanbir Sawhney and Gianmario Verona 2008. All rights reserved.",,Collaborating with Customers to Innovate: Conceiving and Marketing Products in the Networking Age,2008-12-01,Book,"Prandelli, Emanuela;Sawhney, Mohanbir;Verona, Gianmario",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21344469434,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2005.04.008,Service quality from the other side: Information systems management at Duquesne Light,"Service organizations are continuously endeavoring to improve their quality of service as it is of paramount importance to them. Despite the importance of understanding the relationship of service quality and information systems, this research has not been pursued extensively. This study has addressed this gap in the research literature and studied how information systems impacts service quality. A research model is developed based on IS success model. System quality, information quality, user IT characteristics, employee IT performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. An in-depth case study from the electric utility industry is used to investigate the impact. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,International Journal of Information Management,2005-01-01,Article,"Bharati, Pratyush;Berg, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-52149116017,10.1016/j.im.2008.05.003,The effects of change control and management review on software flexibility and project performance,"Software flexibility and project efficiency are deemed to be desirable but conflicting goals during software development. We considered the link between project performance, software flexibility, and management interventions. Specially, we examined software flexibility as a mediator between two recommended management control mechanisms (management review and change control) and project performance. The model was empirically evaluated using data collected from 212 project managers in the Project Management Institute. Our results confirmed that the level of control activities during the system development process was a significant facilitator of software flexibility, which, in turn, enhanced project success. A mediator role of software flexibility implied that higher levels of management controls could achieve higher levels of software flexibility and that this was beneficial not only to the maintainability of complex applications but also to project performance. © 2008.",Change control | Management review | Project management | Software flexibility | Software process improvement,Information and Management,2008-11-01,Article,"Wang, Eric T.G.;Ju, Pei Hung;Jiang, James J.;Klein, Gary",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,Get Fat Fast: Surviving Stage‐Gate® in NPD,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860568975,10.1037/a0025996,From origami to software development: A review of studies on judgment-based predictions of performance time.,"This article provides an integrative review of the literature on judgment-based predictions of performance time, often described as task duration predictions in psychology and as expert-based effort estimation in engineering and management science. We summarize results on the characteristics of performance time predictions, processes and strategies, the influence of task characteristics and contextual factors, and the relations between estimates and characteristics of the estimator. Although dependent on the type of study and the level of analysis, underestimation was more frequently reported than overestimation in studies from the engineering and management literature. However, this was not the case in studies from the psychology literature. Our summaries challenge earlier results regarding the effects of factors such as complexity/difficulty and experience. We also question the recurrent finding that small tasks are overestimated and large tasks are underestimated, as this to some extent can be a statistical artifact caused by random error. Several other influences on predictions are identified and discussed. These include various types of anchoring effects, performance and accuracy incentives, task decomposition, request formats, group estimation, revisions of initial ideal or incomplete estimates, level of abstraction, and superficial cues. We summarize similarities and differences between performance time predictions (e.g., number of work hours) and completion time predictions (e.g., delivery dates) because many studies fail to distinguish between these 2 types of predictions. Finally, we discuss methodological issues in time prediction research and implications for research and application. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Effort estimation | Performance time | Task duration | Time prediction,Psychological Bulletin,2012-03-01,Article,"Halkjelsvik, Torleif;Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986082013,10.1108/09593840310478685,Managing information systems for service quality: a study from the other side,"System quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, employee IS performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. A model interrelating these constructs is proposed. Data collected through a national survey of IS departments in electric utility firms was used to test the model using regression and path analysis methodology. The results suggest that system quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, through their effects on employee IS performance, influence service quality, while technical support influences service quality directly. The results also suggest that employee IS performance contributes more to service quality compared with technical support. Implications of this research for IS theory and practice are discussed. © 2003, MCB UP Limited",Electricity industry | Service quality | Strategic information systems | Systems management | USA,Information Technology & People,2003-06-01,Article,"Bharati, Pratyush;Berg, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949381833,10.1145/1595696.1595714,On the relationship between process maturity and geographic distribution: an empirical analysis of their impact on software quality,"An extensive body of research has developed in the area of software processes improvement and maturity models. Despite being a quite influential body of work, little is known about how software process maturity models and improvement activities relate to a major trend in the software industry: geographic distribution of development activities. In this paper, we seek to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between software process maturity and geographic distribution. In particular, we studied their combined impact on software quality. Using data from a multi-national software development organization, our analyses revealed that process maturity and the multiple dimensions of distribution have a significant impact on the quality of software components. More importantly, our analyses showed that the benefits of increases in process maturity diminish as the development work becomes more distributed, a result that has major implications for future research work in the process and the global software engineering literature as well as important implications for practitioners. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Empirical software engineering | Global software development | Software process maturity | Software quality,ESEC-FSE'09 - Proceedings of the Joint 12th European Software Engineering Conference and 17th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Nambiar, Sangeeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649330407,10.1016/j.jss.2010.09.004,Firms' involvement in Open Source projects: A trade-off between software structural quality and popularity,"Open Source (OS) was born as a pragmatic alternative to the ideology of Free Software and it is now increasingly seen by companies as a new approach to developing and making business upon software. Whereas the role of firms is clear for commercial OS projects, it still needs investigation for projects based on communities. This paper analyses the impact of firms' participation on popularity and internal software design quality for 643 SourceForge.net projects. Results show that firms' involvement improves the ranking of OS projects, but, on the other hand, puts corporate constraints to OS developing practices, thus leading to lower structural software design quality. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.",Firm participation | Internal software design quality | Open Source Community Projects | Open Source projects popularity | Structural Equation Modeling,Journal of Systems and Software,2011-01-01,Article,"Capra, Eugenio;Francalanci, Chiara;Merlo, Francesco;Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896467220,10.1016/j.im.2013.12.002,The impact of IT outsourcing on information systems success,"The objective of this research is to assess the impact of IT outsourcing on Information Systems' success. We modeled the relationships among the extent of IT outsourcing, the ZOT (the Zone of Tolerance), and IS success. We justified our model using the expectancy-disconfirmation theory, the agency theory, and transaction cost economics, and we empirically tested it using structural equation modeling with responses from IS users. We found significant direct and indirect effects (through the service quality) of outsourcing on IS systems' perceived usefulness and their users' satisfaction. Whereas the extent of outsourcing is negatively related to the service quality and perceived usefulness, the ZOT-based IS service quality is positively related to the user satisfaction. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.",IS success models | Outsourcing | Service quality | Usage | Usefulness | User satisfaction,Information and Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Gorla, Narasimhaiah;Somers, Toni M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79959859896,10.1145/1985793.1985816,Factors leading to integration failures in global feature-oriented development: an empirical analysis,"Feature-driven software development is a novel approach that has grown in popularity over the past decade. Researchers and practitioners alike have argued that numerous benefits could be garnered from adopting a feature-driven development approach. However, those persuasive arguments have not been matched with supporting empirical evidence. Moreover, developing software systems around features involves new technical and organizational elements that could have significant implications for outcomes such as software quality. This paper presents an empirical analysis of a large-scale project that implemented 1195 features in a software system. We examined the impact that technical attributes of product features, attributes of the feature teams and crossfeature interactions have on software integration failures. Our results show that technical factors such as the nature of component dependencies and organizational factors such as the geographic dispersion of the feature teams and the role of the feature owners had complementary impact suggesting their independent and important role in terms of software quality. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that cross-feature interactions, measured as the number of architectural dependencies between two product features, are a major driver of integration failures. The research and practical implications of our results are discussed. © 2011 ACM.",cross-feature interaction | feature-oriented development | global software development,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2011-07-07,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Herbsleb, James D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899408621,10.1007/s10606-013-9197-3,"The Adventures of an IT Leader, Updated Edition with a New Preface by the Authors","Today's mobile knowledge professionals use a diversity of digital technologies to perform their work. Much of this daily technology consumption involves a variety of activities of articulation, negotiation and repair to support their work as well as their nomadic practices. This article argues that these activities mediate and structure social relations, going beyond the usual attention given to this work as a support requirement of cooperative and mobile work. Drawing on cultural approaches to technology consumption, the article introduces the concept of 'officing' and its three main categories of connecting, configuring and synchronizing, to show how these activities shape and are shaped by the relationship that workers have with their time and sense of professional self. This argument is made through research of professionals at a municipal council in Sydney and at a global telecommunications firm with regional headquarters in Melbourne, trialling a smartphone prototype. This research found that while officing fuels a sense of persistent time pressure and collapse of work and life boundaries, it also supports new temporal and spatial senses and opportunities for maintaining professional identities. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",'anywhere anytime' | infrastructure support | nomadic practices | officing | professional identity | time pressure,Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2014-04-01,Article,"Humphry, Justine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957837676,10.1123/jsm.25.3.240,A content analysis of environmental sustainability research in a sport-related journal sample,"This study systematically examined the extent of environmental sustainability (ES) research within the sport-related journal sample of academic literature to identify areas of under-emphasis and recommend directions for future research. The data collection and analysis followed a content analysis framework. The investigation involved a total of 21 sport-related academic journals that included 4,639 peer-reviewed articles published from 1987 to 2008. Findings indicated a paucity of sport-ES research articles (n = 17) during this time period. Further analysis compared the sport-ES studies within the sample to research in the broader management literature. A research agenda is suggested to advance sport-ES beyond the infancy stage. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc.",,Journal of Sport Management,2011-01-01,Article,"Mallen, Cheryl;Stevens, Julie;Adam, Lorne J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951623601,10.1109/TEM.2009.2013838,Coordination in consultant-assisted IS projects: an agency theory perspective,"Increasingly, consulting firms are employed by client organizations to participate in the implementation of enterprise systems projects. Such consultant-assisted information systems projects differ from internal and outsourced IS projects in two important respects. First, the joint project team consists of members from client and consulting organizations that may have conflicting goals and incompatible work practices. Second, close collaboration between the client and consulting organizations is required throughout the course of the project. Consequently, coordination is more complex for consultant-assisted projects and is critical for project success. Drawing from coordination and agency theories and the trust literature, we developed a research model to investigate how interorganizational coordination could help build relationships based on trust and goal congruence and achieve higher project performance. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using data collected from 324 projects. The results provide strong support for the model. Interorganizational coordination was found to have the largest overall significant effect on performance. However, its effect was achieved indirectly by building trust and goal congruence and by reducing technical and requirements uncertainty. The positive effects of trust and goal congruence on project performance demonstrate the importance of managing the clientconsultant relationship in such projects. Project uncertainty, including both technical and requirements uncertainty, was found to negatively affect goal congruence and trust, as expected. This study represents a step toward the development of a new theory on the role of interorganizational coordination. © 2010 IEEE.",Agency theory | Consulting | Enterprise systems | Interorganizational coordination | Management of information systems projects | Trust,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2010-05-01,Article,"Liberatore, Matthew J.;Luo, Wenhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856820750,10.1109/SAI.2014.6918207,Managers' perceptions of information system project success,"The adequate measurement of information system project success is a yet unsolved problem. Although researchers agree on the concept's multi-dimensionality, a generally accepted definition does still not exist. This article presents findings from a confirmatory study with 86 projects to test three alternative approaches to measure information system project success using the project managers' subjective perceptions of project success and its potential dimensions. Our results suggest that the traditional way of assessing project success is inadequate to assess the overall success of an information system project. Project management should focus on process efficiency and on best satisfying customers' needs instead of solely on keeping plans.",Adherence to planning | Customer satisfaction | Information system project success | Process efficiency | Structural equation modeling,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2011-12-01,Article,"Basten, Dirk;Joosten, Dominik;Mellis, Werner",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903986627,10.2486/indhealth.2013-0188,The impact of social netowrking on software design quality and development effort in open source projects,"The aim of the present study was to analyze the activity of the trapezius muscle, the heart rate and the time pressure of Swiss and Japanese nurses during day and night shifts. The parameters were measured during a day and a night shift of 17 Swiss and 22 Japanese nurses. The observed rest time of the trapezius muscle was longer for Swiss than for Japanese nurses during both shifts. The 10th and the 50th percentile of the trapezius muscle activity showed a different effect for Swiss than for Japanese nurses. It was higher during the day shift of Swiss nurses and higher during the night shift of Japanese nurses. Heart rate was higher for both Swiss and Japanese nurses during the day. The time pressure was significantly higher for Japanese than for Swiss nurses. Over the duration of the shifts, time pressure increased for Japanese nurses and slightly decreased for those from Switzerland. Considering trapezius muscle activity and time pressure, the nursing profession was more burdening for the examined Japanese nurses than for Swiss nurses. In particular, the night shift for Japanese nurses was characterized by a high trapezius muscle activity and only few rest times for the trapezius muscle. © 2014 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.",EMG | Muscle activity | Nurse | Trapezius muscle | Workload,Industrial Health,2014-01-01,Article,"Nicoletti, Corinne;Müller, Christian;Tobita, Itoko;Nakaseko, Masaru;Läubli, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745683299,10.1109/IRI-05.2005.1506465,An experimental study of the effects of contextual data quality and task complexity on decision performance,"The effects of information quality and the importance of information have been reported in the Information Systems (IS) literature. However, little has been learned about the impact of data quality (DQ) on decision performance. This study explores the effects of contextual DQ and task complexity on decision performance. To examine the effects of contextual DQ and task complexity, a laboratory experiment was conducted. Based on two levels of contextual DQ and two levels of task complexity, this study had a 2 x 2 factorial design. The dependent variables were problem-solving accuracy and time. The results demonstrated that the effects of contextual DQ on decision performance were significant. The findings suggest that decision makers can expect to improve their decision performance by enhancing contextual DQ. This research extends a body of research examining the effects of factors that can be tied to human decision-making performance. © 2005 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, IRI - 2005",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jung, Wonjin;Ryan, Terry;Olfman, Lorne;Park, Yong Tae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857543980,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00332.x,A socio‐cognitive interpretation of the potential effects of downsizing on software quality performance,"Organizational downsizing research indicates that downsizing does not always realize its strategic intent and may, in fact, have a detrimental impact on organizational performance. In this paper, we extend the notion that downsizing negatively impacts performance and argue that organizational downsizing can potentially be detrimental to software quality performance. Using social cognitive theory (SCT), we primarily interpret the negative impacts of downsizing on software quality performance by arguing that downsizing results in a realignment of social networks (environmental factors), thereby affecting the self-efficacy and outcome expectations of a software professional (personal factors), which, in turn, affect software quality performance (outcome of behaviour undertaken). We synthesize relevant literature from the software quality, SCT and downsizing research streams and develop a conceptual model. Two major impacts of downsizing are hypothesized in the conceptual model. First, downsizing destroys formal and informal social networks in organizations, which, in turn, negatively impacts software developers' self-efficacy and outcome expectations through their antecedents, with consequent negative impacts on software development process efficiency and software product quality, the two major components of software quality performance. Second, downsizing negatively affects antecedents of software development process efficiency, namely top management leadership, management infrastructure sophistication, process management efficacy and stakeholder participation with consequent negative impacts on software quality performance. This theoretically grounded discourse can help demonstrate how organizational downsizing can potentially impact software quality performance through key intervening constructs. We also discuss how downsizing and other intervening constructs can be managed to mitigate the negative impacts of downsizing on software quality performance. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Downsizing | Social cognitive theory | Software quality | Theory development,Information Systems Journal,2010-05-01,Article,"Ambrose, Paul J.;Chiravuri, Ananth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888352727,10.1016/j.infsof.2013.04.005,Global software testing under deadline pressure: Vendor-side experiences,"Context In the era of globally-distributed software engineering, the practice of global software testing (GST) has witnessed increasing adoption. Although there have been ethnographic studies of the development aspects of global software engineering, there have been fewer studies of GST, which, to succeed, can require dealing with unique challenges. Objective To address this limitation of existing studies, we conducted, and in this paper, report the findings of, a study of a vendor organization involved in one kind of GST practice: outsourced, offshored software testing. Method We conducted an ethnographically-informed study of three vendor-side testing teams over a period of 2 months. We used methods, such as interviews and participant observations, to collect the data and the thematic-analysis approach to analyze the data. Findings Our findings describe how the participant test engineers perceive software testing and deadline pressures, the challenges that they encounter, and the strategies that they use for coping with the challenges. The findings reveal several interesting insights. First, motivation and appreciation play an important role for our participants in ensuring that high-quality testing is performed. Second, intermediate onshore teams increase the degree of pressure experienced by the participant test engineers. Third, vendor team participants perceive productivity differently from their client teams, which results in unproductive-productivity experiences. Lastly, participants encounter quality-dilemma situations for various reasons. Conclusion The study findings suggest the need for (1) appreciating test engineers' efforts, (2) investigating the team structure's influence on pressure and the GST practice, (3) understanding culture's influence on other aspects of GST, and (4) identifying and addressing quality-dilemma situations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Global software development | Global software engineering | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2014-01-01,Article,"Shah, Hina;Harrold, Mary Jean;Sinha, Saurabh",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883666719,10.1109/HSI.2013.6577877,Emotion recognition and its application in software engineering,"In this paper a novel application of multimodal emotion recognition algorithms in software engineering is described. Several application scenarios are proposed concerning program usability testing and software process improvement. Also a set of emotional states relevant in that application area is identified. The multimodal emotion recognition method that integrates video and depth channels, physiological signals and input devices usage patterns is proposed and some preliminary results on learning set creation are described. © 2013 IEEE.",affective computing | emotion recognition | software engineering,"2013 6th International Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI 2013",2013-09-16,Conference Paper,"Kolakowska, Agata;Landowska, Agnieszka;Szwoch, Mariusz;Szwoch, Wioleta;Wrobel, Michal R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78951489612,10.1109/TEM.2010.2048914,A double-edged sword: The effects of challenge and hindrance time pressure on new product development teams,"Bringing new products to market requires team effort. New product development teams often face demanding schedules and high deliverable expectations, making time pressure a common experience at the workplace. Past literature have generally associated the relationship between time pressure and performance based on the inverted-U model, where low and high levels of time pressure are related to poor performance. However, teams do not necessarily perform worse when the levels of time pressure are high. In contrast, there are numerous examples of high-performance teams in intense time-pressure situations. The purpose of this study is to reconcile some of the discrepancies concerning the effects of time pressure by considering the nature of stress. This study is also designed to investigate time pressure at team level - an area that is not well investigated. A model of 2-D time pressure, i.e., challenge and hindrance time pressure, was developed. Data are collected based on a two-part electronic survey from 81 new product development teams (500 respondents) in Western Europe. The results showed challenge and hindrance time pressure to improve and deteriorate team performance, respectively. At the same time, we also found team coordination to partially mediate the time-pressureteam-performance relationships. Furthermore, team identification is found to sustain team coordination, especially for teams facing hindrance time pressure. This indicates that teams that possess strong team identification could be positioned strategically in projects where time pressure is intense and where the stakes are high. Other implications with respect to theory and practice are discussed. © 2006 IEEE.",Challenge | hindrance | new product development (NPD) | performance | team | time pressure,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Chai, Kah Hin;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80855152707,10.1016/j.elerap.2010.12.002,Mechanism design for e-procurement auctions: On the efficacy of post-auction negotiation and quality effort incentives,"Practical mechanisms for procurement involve bidding, negotiation, transfer payments and subsidies, and the possibility of verification of unobservable product and service quality. We model two proposed multi-stage procurement mechanisms. One focuses on the auction price that is established, and the other emphasizes price negotiation. Both also emphasize quality and offer incentives for the unobservable level of a supplier's effort, while addressing the buyer's satisfaction. Our results show that, with the appropriate incentive, which we will refer to as a quality effort bonus, the supplier will exert more effort to supply higher quality goods or services after winning the procurement auction. We also find that a mechanism incorporating price and quality negotiation improves the supply chain's surplus and generates the possibility of Pareto optimal improvement in comparison to a mechanism that emphasizes the auction price only. From the buyer's perspective though, either mechanism can dominate the other, depending on the circumstances of procurement. Thus, post-auction negotiation may not always be optimal for the buyer, although it always produces first-best goods or service quality outcomes. The buyer's choice between mechanisms will be influenced by different values of the quality effort bonus. For managers in practice, our analysis shows that it is possible to simplify the optimization procedure by using a new approach for selecting the appropriate mechanism and determining what value of the incentive for the supplier makes sense. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Auctions | Bonuses | Buyers | Economic modeling | Incentives | Information asymmetries | Mechanism design | Negotiation | Procurement | Supplier selection | Supply quality | Unobservable quality,Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,2011-11-01,Article,"Huang, He;Kauffman, Robert J.;Xu, Hongyan;Zhao, Lan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71049155462,10.1109/ICGSE.2009.24,Quality in global software development projects: A closer look at the role of distribution,"The impact of distribution on global software development project is well established. Most of the empirical work has focused of a single dimension of distribution such as geographical distance or difference in time zones across locations, leaving other important dimensions of distribution unexplored. In this paper, we take a multi-dimensional view of distribution. In particular, we examined the impact of the nature of the distribution of development teams as well as the nature of the distribution of work on project quality using data from 189 distributed software development projects. Our analysis revealed that projects with uneven distributions of developers across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions. Similarly, projects with uneven distributions of development effort across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions. global software development, distributed software development, software quality, geographical dispersion. © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 4th IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, ICGSE 2009",2009-11-16,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo;Nambiar, Sangeeth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871476650,10.1287/isre.1110.0391,Pricing models for online advertising: CPM vs. CPC,"Online advertising has transformed the advertising industry with its measurability and accountability. Online software and services supported by online advertising is becoming a reality as evidenced by the success of Google and its initiatives. Therefore, the choice of a pricing model for advertising becomes a critical issue for these firms. We present a formal model of pricing models in online advertising using the principal-agent framework to study the two most popular pricing models: input-based cost per thousand impressions (CPM) and performance-based cost per click-through (CPC). We identify four important factors that affect the preference of CPM to the CPC model, and vice versa. In particular, we highlight the interplay between uncertainty in the decision environment, value of advertising, cost of mistargeting advertisements, and alignment of incentives. These factors shed light on the preferred online-advertising pricing model for publishers and advertisers under different market conditions. © 2012 INFORMS.",Asymmetric information | Cost per click (CPC) | Cost per impression (CPM) | Delegation | Online advertising | Pricing models | Principal-agent model,Information Systems Research,2012-01-01,Article,"Asdemir, Kursad;Kumar, Nanda;Jacob, Varghese S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,More testers–The effect of crowd size and time restriction in software testing,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901693212,10.1080/13645579.2013.799255,Contracting timely delivery with hard to verify quality,"'I am too busy' is one of the most commonly cited reasons for people not to participate in survey research. Yet, empirical data on the association between 'busyness' and survey participation are scarce, due to a lack of data on busyness or time pressure among the non-respondents. This article sets off with an overview of the strategies and types of auxiliary data that can be used to assess the effects of busyness on survey participation. Then, using data of a two-wave SCV/ISSP-survey of 2002 that includes an elaborate section on time use and combining work and family life, we employ survey variables of the first wave to investigate effects of busyness on survey participation in the second wave. Interestingly, we find that the subjective experience of busyness - feeling too busy - has a significant effect on participation, whereas more objective measures of busyness do not. © 2013 © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",auxiliary data | combination pressure | survey participation | time pressure | work-family balance,International Journal of Social Research Methodology,2014-01-01,Article,"Vercruyssen, Anina;Roose, Henk;Carton, Ann;Van De Putte, Bart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67651100636,10.1016/j.im.2009.03.003,Achieving it consultant objectives through client project success,"Improving project performance is an important objective in IS project management. In consultant-assisted IS projects, however, consulting organizations may have additional objectives, such as knowledge acquisition and future business growth. In this study, we examined the relationship between client and consultant objectives and the role of coordination in affecting the achievement of these objectives. A research model was developed and tested using 199 consultant-assisted projects. The results showed that the achievement of consultant objectives was dependent upon the achievement of client objectives and that coordination had a positive impact on both client and consultant objectives. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Consultant-assisted projects | Consulting | Enterprise systems | Interorganizational coordination | Management of IS projects,Information and Management,2009-06-01,Article,"Luo, Wenhong;Liberatore, Matthew J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68949217329,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2007.00273.x,A temporal perspective of the computer game development process,"This paper offers an insight into the games software development process from a time perspective by drawing on an in-depth study in a games development organization. The wider market for computer games now exceeds the annual global revenues of cinema. We have, however, only a limited scholarly understanding of how games studios produce games. Games projects require particular attention because their context is unique. Drawing on a case study, the paper offers a theoretical conceptualization of the development process of creative software, such as games software. We found that the process, as constituted by the interactions of developers, oscillates between two modes of practice: routinized and improvised, which sediment and flux the working rhythms in the context. This paper argues that while we may predeterminately lay down the broad stages of creative software development, the activities that constitute each stage, and the transition criteria from one to the next, may be left to the actors in the moment, to the temporality of the situation as it emerges. If all development activities are predefined, as advocated in various process models, this may leave little room for opportunity and the creative fruits that flow from opportunity, such as enhanced features, aesthetics and learning. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Computer game | Software development process | Temporal structure,Information Systems Journal,2009-09-01,Article,"Stacey, Patrick;Nandhakumar, Joe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57849166174,10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.001,Investigating the relationship between schedules and knowledge transfer in software testing,"This empirical study investigates the relationship between schedules and knowledge transfer in software testing. In our exploratory survey, statistical analysis indicated that increased knowledge transfer between testing and earlier phases of software development was associated with testing schedule over-runs. A qualitative case study was conducted to interpret this result. We found that this relationship can be explained with the size and complexity of software, knowledge management issues, and customer involvement. We also found that the primary strategies for avoiding testing schedule over-runs were reducing the scope of testing, leaving out features from the software, and allocating more resources to testing. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Case study | Knowledge transfer | Schedule over-runs | Software testing | Survey,Information and Software Technology,2009-03-01,Article,"Karhu, Katja;Taipale, Ossi;Smolander, Kari",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053975025,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00846.x,"Escalation, De‐escalation, or Reformulation: Effective Interventions in Delayed NPD Projects","At the start of any project, new product development (NPD) teams must make accurate decisions about development time, development costs, and product performance. Such profit-maximizing decision making becomes particularly difficult when the project runs behind schedule and requires intervention decisions too. To simplify their decision making, NPD teams often use heuristics instead of comprehensive assessments of trade-offs among the aforementioned metrics. This study employs a simulation based on a system dynamics approach to examine the effectiveness of different decision heuristics (i.e., time, cost, and product performance). The results show that teams are better off if they decide to intervene rather than do nothing (escalation of commitment), but in making these interventions there is no single best decision heuristic. The most effective interventions combine decision heuristics, and the most effective combination is a function of the development time elapsed. For teams that discover schedule problems relatively early on in the development process, the best possible intervention is to increase both team size and product performance (combining the time and product performance heuristic). When teams discover schedule problems relatively late, the best intervention option is to decrease product performance and increase team size (combining the time and cost heuristic). In both situations, however, the best intervention combines two heuristics, with a trade-off across time, cost, and performance. In other words, trading off three project objectives outperforms trading off only two of them. These findings contribute to the extant literature by suggesting that, when the project is behind schedule, the choice extends beyond just escalating or de-escalating commitment to initial project objectives. Other than sticking to a losing course of action or cutting losses, there is an alternative: Commit to renewing the project. In this case, project lateness represents an opportunity to reformulate project objectives in response to new market information, which may lead to new product ideas and increased product performance. © 2011 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Langerak, Fred;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858739008,10.1109/esem.2011.32,A current assessment of software development effort estimation,"In most cases, software projects exceed their estimated effort. It is often assumed that inaccurate estimates are the main reason for these overruns. Contrarily, our results show that this assumption is not reasonable in many cases. We conducted a survey to gather data on the current situation of software development effort estimation. Apart from objective criteria, we also asked the participants for their subjective perceptions of the estimates. The participants' perceptions indicate that they do not agree with the objective assessments as 82% perceive their estimate as 'good' despite large overruns and provide reasonable arguments for their perceptions. Furthermore, many projects do not re-estimate the effort due to change requests leading to meaningless comparisons of estimated and actual effort. As a consequence, research needs to find new measures to assess the actual estimation accuracy. Besides the actual estimation process, professionals need to intensify their effort to manage the estimation processes' surroundings. © 2011 IEEE.",Effort estimation | Questionnaire survey | Software development,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Basten, Dirk;Mellis, Werner",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925623170,10.1037/a0037127,A review on software quality models,"This study examines the relationship between time pressure and unfinished tasks as work stressors on employee well-being. Relatively little is known about the effect of unfinished tasks on well-being. Specifically, excluding the impact of time pressure, we examined whether the feeling of not having finished the week's tasks fosters perseverative cognitions and impairs sleep. Additionally, we proposed that leader performance expectations moderate these relationships. In more detail, we expected the detrimental effect of unfinished tasks on both rumination and sleep would be enhanced if leader expectations were perceived to be high. In total, 89 employees filled out online diary surveys both before and after the weekend over a 5-week period. Multilevel growth modeling revealed that time pressure and unfinished tasks impacted rumination and sleep on the weekend. Further, our results supported our hypothesis that unfinished tasks explain unique variance in the dependent variables above and beyond the influence of time pressure. Moreover, we found the relationship between unfinished tasks and both rumination and sleep was moderated by leader performance expectations. Our results emphasize the importance of unfinished tasks as a stressor and highlight that leadership, specifically in the form of performance expectations, contributes significantly to the strength of this relationship.",Leadership | Performance expectations | Sleep | Unfinished tasks | Work-related rumination,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2014-01-01,Article,"Syrek, Christine J.;Antoni, Conny H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877277816,10.4018/jhcitp.2012070105,Customer team effectiveness through people traits in information systems development: A compilation of theoretical measures,"This article introduces measures to improve theoretical knowledge and managerial practice about the participation of teams in customized information systems software (CISS) projects. The focus is onpeople traits of the customer team (CuTe), that is, professionals from the client organization that contracts CISS projects who assume specific business and information technology roles in partnerships with external developers, given that both in-house and outsourced teams share project authority and responsibility. A systematic literature review based on a particular perspective of the socio-technical approach to the work systems enabled the compilation of measures that account for people traits assumed to improve CuTe performance. The resulting framework contributes to a much needed theory on the management of knowledge workers, especially to help plan, control, assess, and make historical records of CuTe design and performance in CISS projects. Copyright © 2012, IGI Global.",Customer teams | Information systems development | Knowledge work management | Personal traits | Socio-technical design | Team performance,International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals,2012-07-01,Article,"Bellini, Carlo Gabriel Porto;Pereira, Rita De Cássia De Faria;Becker, João Luiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930855050,10.1007/978-88-470-5388-5_9,Protecting software development projects against underestimation,"In the 24-h Society we are able to do everything at any hour of day and night, both at work and at social level. Time has become the main dimension of human activities, and time pressure is one of the main characteristics of our daily life, as a consequence of the just-in-time culture, where we act as producers and customers at the same time. It is necessary to reflect upon the notion and value of time, to reconsider its use and relationships with home, work, and leisure activities, and to re-evaluate what is the cost/benefit ratio in terms of physical and psychological health, family life, and social well-being. Stress and anxiety are major causes for sleepiness in modern life, characterized by constant time pressure, high competition, inappropriate lifestyles, social conflicts, socioeconomic problems in all age groups. According to the different living circumstances and personal characteristics, individuals may significantly differ in their response to stressors, while some can be more vulnerable than others in relation to age, gender, personality, behavior, life events, and health. There is an increasing evidence of reduced rest and sleep periods not only related to irregular working hours, but also to a misuse of free time.",24-h society | Burnout | Distress | Effort | Job control | Job demand | Reward | Social support | Time pressure | Work strain,Sleepiness and human impact assessment,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Costa, Giovanni",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10444263001,10.4018/irmj.2005010102,Information technology as a target and shield in the post 9/11 environment,"This paper draws upon Normal Accident Theory and the Theory of High Reliability Organizations to examine the potential impacts of Information Technology being used as a target in terrorist and other malicious attacks. The paper also argues that Information Technology can also be used as a shield to prevent further attacks and mitigate their impact if they should occur. A Target and Shield model is developed, which extends Normal Accident Theory to encompass secondary effects, change and feedback loops to prevent future accidents. The Target and Shield model is applied to the Y2K problem and the emerging threats and initiatives in the Post 9/11 environment.",Computer privacy | Computer security | Normal accident theory | Post 9/11 | Target and shield model | Terrorism | Theory of high reliability organizations | Y2K,Information Resources Management Journal,2005-01-01,Article,"Lally, Laura",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974612436,10.1002/9781118959312,Software project estimation: the fundamentals for providing high quality information to decision makers,This book introduces theoretical concepts to explain the fundamentals of the design and evaluation of software estimation models. It provides software professionals with vital information on the best software management software out there. End-of-chapter exercises Over 100 figures illustrating the concepts presented throughout the book Examples incorporated with industry data.,,Software Project Estimation: The Fundamentals for Providing High Quality Information to Decision Makers,2015-04-27,Book,"Abran, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149475058,10.1109/PacificVis.2014.35,Human factors contributes to queuing theory: Parkinson's law and security screening,"It is the thesis of this paper that queuing theory should take into account not just the behavior of customers in queues, but also the behavior of servers. Servers may change their behavior in response to queue length, which has implications for service quality as well as for customer waiting time. Parkinson's Law would be one explanation of any speed-up effect as queue length increases. We provide empirical evidence for this assertion in one queuing situation with high visibility and high error consequence: security screening at an airport.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marin, Clara V.;Drury, Colin G.;Batta, Rajan;Lin, Li",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903534022,10.1007/978-3-319-07854-0_102,Open source software developers' perspectives on code reuse,"We are developing a voice-interactive CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning) system to provide more opportunity for better English conversation exercise. There are several types of CALL system, we focus on a spoken dialogue system for dialogue practice. When the user makes an answer to the system's utterance, timing of making the answer utterance could be unnatural because the system usually does not make any reaction when the user keeps silence, and therefore the learner tends to take more time to make an answer to the system than that to the human counterpart. However, there is no framework to suppress the pause and practice an appropriate pause duration. In this research, we did an experiment to investigate the effect of presence of the AR character to analyze the effect of character as a counterpart itself. In addition, we analyzed the pause between the two person's utterances (switching pause). The switching pause is related to the smoothness of its conversation. Moreover, we introduced a virtual character realized by AR (Augmented Reality) as a counterpart of the dialogue to control the switching pause. Here, we installed the character the behavior of ""time pressure"" to prevent the learner taking long time to consider the utterance. To verify if the expression is effective for controlling switching pause, we designed an experiment. The experiment was conducted with or without the expression. Consequently, we found that the switching pause duration became significantly shorter when the agent made the time-pressure expression. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.",Augmented reality | Computer-assisted language learning | English learning | Spoken dialogue system | Switching pause,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Suzuki, Naoto;Nose, Takashi;Ito, Akinori;Hiroi, Yutaka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901987407,10.1007/3-540-60973-3_77,What and why of technostress: Technology antecedents and implications,"This study examined the relationship between performance variability and actual performance of financial decision makers who were working under experimental conditions of increasing workload and fatigue. The rescaled range statistic, also known as the Hurst exponent (H) was used as an index of variabil-ity. Although H is defined as having a range between 0 and 1, 45% of the 172 time series generated by undergraduates were negative. Participants in the study chose the optimum investment out of sets of 3 to 5 options that were pre-sented a series of 350 displays. The sets of options varied in both the complexity of the options and number of options under simultaneous consideration. One experimental condition required participants to make their choices within 15 sec, and the other condition required them to choose within 7.5 sec. Results showed that (a) negative H was possible and not a result of psychometric error (b) negative H was associated with negative autocorrelations in a time series. (c) H was the best predictor of performance of the variables studied (d) three other significant predictors were scores on an anagrams test and ratings of physical demands and performance demands (e) persistence as evidenced by the autocorrelations was associated with ratings of greater time pressure. It was concluded, furthermore, that persistence and overall performance were correlated, that ""healthy"" variability only exists within a limited range, and other individual differences related to ability and resistance to stress or fatigue are also involved in the prediction of performance. © 2014 Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences.",Dynamic criteria | Fatigue | Financial decisions | Hurst exponent | Stress | Time pressure,"Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences",2014-01-01,Article,"Guastello, Stephen J.;Reiter, Katherine;Shircel, Anton;Timm, Paul;Malon, Matthew;Fabisch, Megan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904490195,10.1177/0146167214530436,The impact of product complexity on ramp-up performance,"The dual-process model of moral judgment postulates that utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas (e.g., accepting to kill one to save five) are demanding of cognitive resources. Here we show that utilitarian responses can become effortless, even when they involve to kill someone, as long as the kill-save ratio is efficient (e.g., 1 is killed to save 500). In Experiment 1, participants responded to moral dilemmas featuring different kill-save ratios under high or low cognitive load. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants responded at their own pace or under time pressure. Efficient kill-save ratios promoted utilitarian responding and neutered the effect of load or time pressure. We discuss whether this effect is more easily explained by a parallel-activation model or by a default-interventionist model. © 2014 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.",Cognitive load | Moral cognition | Time pressure | Utilitarianism,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2014-07-01,Article,"Trémolière, Bastien;Bonnefon, Jean François",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149458670,10.1504/IJASS.2014.065692,Using the technology acceptance model to predict violations in the medication use process,"Violations present a path to medical injury that has, thus far, been largely unexplored. This paper focuses on violations of three medication administration protocols and tests the hypothesis that if current processes for completing these tasks are neither easy nor useful, or if there is dissatisfaction with the tasks, then violations will be more likely. Survey data were collected from 199 nurses in the pediatric intensive care units, hematology-oncology-transplant units, and medical-surgical units at two pediatric hospitals. The results of the logistic regressions did not support the hypothesis, though several significant predictors of violations were found. The predictors of violations, possible reasons the hypotheses were not supported, and considerations for measuring violations are discussed.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Alper, Samuel J.;Holden, Richard J.;Scanlon, Matthew C.;Kaushal, Rainu;Shalaby, Theresa M.;Karsh, Ben Tzion",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869760063,10.1680/muen.13.00009,An experimental study of the effects of representational data quality on decision performance,"The effects of information quality and the importance of information have been reported in the Information Systems literature. However, little has been learned about the impact of data quality (DQ) on decision performance. Representational DQ means that data must be interpretable, easy to understand, and represented concisely and consistently. This study explores the effects of representational DQ and task complexity on decision performance by conducting a laboratory experiment. Based on two levels of representational DQ and two levels of task complexity, this study had a 2 x 2 factorial design. The dependent variables were problem-solving accuracy and time. The results demonstrated that the effects of representational DQ on decision performance were significant. The findings suggest that decision makers can expect to improve their decision performance by enhancing representational DQ. This research extends a body of research examining the effects of factors that can be tied to human decision-making performance.",Decision performance | Representational data quality | Task complexity,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jung, Wonjin;Ryan, Terry;Olfman, Lorne;Park, Yong Tae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864118325,10.1109/ICSME.2014.31,The impact of schedule pressure on software development: A behavioral perspective,"Timely software development has been a major issue in both information systems research and software industry. While researchers and practitioners seek better techniques to estimate and manage software schedules, it is important to understand the impact of management pressure on software development projects. This paper investigates the impact of schedule pressure on the performance in software projects. Data analysis indicates that a U-shaped function exists between time pressure and cycle time. A similar relationship is found between time pressure and development effort. Meanwhile, time pressure does not significantly affect software quality. The findings of this study will help software project managers develop effective deadline and budget setting policies.",IS development effort | IS development time | schedule pressure | Software development estimation | software quality,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Nan, Ning;Thomas, Tara;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940242573,10.1037/mil0000032,Designing an optimal software intensive system acquisition: A game theoretic approach,"The current study examined the associations among polychronicity, creativity and perceived time pressure in a military context. Polychronicity refers to an individual's preference for working on many tasks simultaneously as opposed to 1 at a time. As hypothesized, polychronicity was negatively related to creativity. In addition, perceived time pressure moderated this relationship. Specifically, polychronic individuals exhibited less creativity when their perceived time pressure was high. The results underscore that, although today's work environment encourages polychronic approach, it, when reinforced with perceived high time pressure, runs the risk of reducing creativity, which is a critical driver for the survival of organizations. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Creativity | Monochronicity | Polychronicity | Time pressure,Military Psychology,2014-01-01,Article,"Kayaalp, Alper",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919385445,10.13085/eIJTUR.11.1.1-12,Corporate governance and bank's performance in Nigeria (Post–Bank's Consolidation),"Sullivan and Katz-Gerro (2007) as well as Katz-Gerro and Sullivan (2010) argues that engaging in a variety of leisure activities with high frequency is a distinct feature of omnivorous cultural consumption. And like omnivorousness it bears a status-distinctive characteristic. The authors reported, that high status social categories show a more voracious leisure time-use pattern, i.e. engage in a greater number of activities with higher frequency over the period of one week. In this paper we are examining the voraciousness thesis by utilizing a newly proposed measure of activities variety, namely the sequence complexity index, which is developed by Gabadinho et al., 2011. Using data from German Time Use Survey (2000/2001) we focus on cultural leisure activities reported for the weekend. Our results show that complexity as a measure of time-related variety captures significant social differentiation of leisure activities over the weekend. But our complexity-based findings do not support that, that voraciousness understood as high levels of time used for varied leisure activities is also significant at weekend. Beyond that the results support the assumption, that there is social structural framing of a Saturday, where gender, age and marital statues effects on leisure variation come into effect.",Complexity | Germany | Leisure | Social inequality | Time pressure | Time use,Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research,2014-12-01,Article,"Papastefanou, Georgios;Gruhler, Jonathan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890835807,10.1016/0950-5849(88)90100-0,Improving offshore communication by choosing the right coordination strategy,"This paper aims to examine the influence of innovative cognitive style, proactive personality and working conditions on employee creativity by taking an interactional perspective. Innovative cognitive style refers to individual's idiosyncrasy of thinking about and dealing with original idea, while proactive personality conceptualizes individual's strategic opportunity-seeking behaviors toward exploring novelty. Work discretion and time pressure, two critical contextual factors suggested to impact employee creativity in organizational literature, may also influence how individuals convert their innovative cognitive style and proactive personality into creativity. In an attempt to extend current understanding of creativity in organizations, this study examines the relationship between individual characteristics (innovativeness and proactiveness) and employee creativity, and how the relationship is moderated by work discretion and time pressure. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the proposed hypotheses for a sample of 344 middle-level managers in Taiwanese manufacturing companies, including R&D managers and marketing managers. Results reveal that innovative cognitive style and proactive personality are positively related to employee creativity. Work discretion was found to enhance employee creativity while time pressure was found to constrain creativity. Our findings support the hypothesized moderating effects, indicating that employees will exhibit the highest level of creativity when they possess innovative cognitive style and proactive personality as well as performing tasks with high work discretion and less time pressure. © 2013 PICMET.",,2013 Proceedings of PICMET 2013: Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services,2013-12-26,Conference Paper,"Chang, Yu Yu;Chen, Ming Huei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890819395,10.1007/978-3-642-02152-7_8,Governance and Organizational Effectiveness: toward a theory of government performance,"Emergency managers need to make decisions, often with important consequences, under stress and time pressure. When dealing with disasters, identifying hazards, analyzing risks, developing mitigation and response plans, maintaining situational awareness, and supporting response and recovery are complex responsibilities. To implement adequate mitigation measures, emergency managers must make sense of the situation, although information may be lacking, uncertain or conflicting. In order to take effective actions in a disaster, actors are expected to work smoothly together, thus the flow of information is crucial. In this paper we describe a Delphi study on the topic and present two tools used for analyzing the findings of the study. We also discuss computer-assisted qualitative data analysis and the findings of the study, focusing on the better flow of information and interoperability of information systems and organizations. © 2013 PICMET.",,2013 Proceedings of PICMET 2013: Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services,2013-12-26,Conference Paper,"Laakso, Kimmo;Ahokas, Ira",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890070108,10.1016/j.procs.2013.10.043,The role of social networks in the success of open source systems: A theoretical framework and an empirical investigation,"We examine a model of human causal cognition, which generally deviates from normative systems such as classical logic and probability theory. For two-armed bandit problems, we demonstrate the efficacy of our loosely symmetric model (LS) and its implementation of two cognitive biases peculiar to humans: symmetry and mutual exclusivity. Specifically, we use LS as a simple value function within the framework of reinforcement learning. The resulting cognitively biased valuations precisely describe human causal intuitions. We further show that operating LS under the simplest greedy policy yields superior reliability and robustness, even managing to overcome the usual speed-accuracy trade-off, and effectively removing the need for parameter tuning. © 2013 The Authors.",biconditional reading | causal induction | exploration- exploitation dilemma | mutual exclusivity | n-armed bandit problem | reinforcement learning | speed-accuracy tradeoff | symmetry,Procedia Computer Science,2013-12-16,Conference Paper,"Oyo, Kuratomo;Takahashi, Tatsuji",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897665817,10.1016/j.dss.2013.10.002,Organizing knowledge workforce for specified iterative software development tasks,"Organizing knowledge workers for specific tasks in a software development process is critical for the success of software projects. Assigning workforce in software projects represents a dynamic and complex problem that concerns the utilization of cross-trained knowledge workers who possess different productivities and error tendencies in coding and defect correction. This complexity is further compounded when the development process follows a software release life cycle and involves major releases of alpha, beta, and final versions in the context of iterative software development. We study this knowledge workforce problem from three essential project management perspectives: (1) timeliness - obtaining shortest development time; (2) effectiveness - satisfying budget constraint; and (3) efficiency - achieving high workforce utilization. We explore ideal workforce composites with two strategic focuses on productivity and quality and with different scenarios of workload ratios. An analytical model is formulated and a meta-heuristic approach based on particle swarm optimization is used to derive solutions in a simulation experiment. Our findings suggest that forming an ideal workforce composite is a non-trivial task and task assignments with divergent focuses for software projects under different workload scenarios require different planning strategies. Practical implications are drawn from our findings to provide insight on effectively planning workforce for software projects with specific goals and considerations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Iterative software development | Knowledge management | Particle swarm optimization | Simulations | Task assignment | Workforce management,Decision Support Systems,2014-03-01,Article,"Shao, Benjamin B.M.;Yin, Peng Yeng;Chen, Andrew N.K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949874829,10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.006,A demands-resources model of work pressure in IT student task groups,"This paper presents an initial test of the group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model of group task performance among IT students. We theorize that demands and resources in group work influence formation of perceived group work pressure (GWP) and that heightened levels of GWP inhibit group task performance. A prior study identified 11 factors relating to the task, group, individual, or environment as source factors to GWP. We extended this research by creating and validating scales for each source factor within an integrated GWP instrument. We then applied the instrument in an initial test of the GTD-R model. Results show the GTD-R model provides good predictions of GWP and group task performance. In addition we find GWP, task complexity, and time pressure factors to be higher in IT tasks vs. non-IT tasks described by our student participants. The findings extend demands-resources research from its prior focus on job burnout and exhaustion in individual tasks to incorporate less-intense pressure levels and group task contexts. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Consequences | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,Computers and Education,2010-08-01,Article,"Wilson, E. Vance;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938873635,10.1080/07421222.2014.995563,Understanding the drivers of unethical programming behavior: The inappropriate reuse of internet-accessible code,"Programming is riddled with ethical issues. Although extant literature explains why individuals in IT would act unethically in many situations, we know surprisingly little about what causes them to do so during the creative act of programming. To address this issue, we look at the reuse of Internet-accessible code: software source code legally available for gratis download from the Internet. Specifically, we scrutinize the reasons why individuals would unethically reuse such code by not checking or purposefully violating its accompanying license obligations, thus risking harm for their employer. By integrating teleological and deontological ethical judgments into a theory of planned behavior model - using elements of expected utility, deterrence, and ethical work climate theory - we construct an original theoretical framework to capture individuals' decision-making process leading to the unethical reuse of Internet-accessible code. We test this framework with a unique survey of 869 professional software developers. Our findings advance the theoretical and practical understanding of ethical behavior in information systems. We show that programmers use consequentialist ethical judgments when carrying out creative tasks and that ethical work climates influence programmers indirectly through their peers' judgment of what is appropriate behavior. For practice, where code reuse promises substantial efficiency and quality gains, our results highlight that firms can prevent unethical code reuse by informing developers of its negative consequences, building a work climate that fosters compliance with laws and professional codes, and making sure that excessive time pressure is avoided.",code reuse | ethical behavior | information systems ethics | Internet-accessible code | open source software | partial least squares | programming ethics | theory of planned behavior,Journal of Management Information Systems,2014-07-03,Article,"Sojer, Manuel;Alexy, Oliver;Kleinknecht, Sven;Henkel, Joachim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896866548,10.1177/1541931213571013,First time right in AXE using one track and stream line development,"Software development project and the different phases within the project are constantly improved over the decade with the various methods, approaches and the best practice in the software design development. Stream line development and the One track are method aiming at raising the quality of software product releases by minimising number of faults at the time of delivery. Component software quality has a major influence in development project lead-time and cost. The resulting design delivery to verification phase will be more predictable quality software with shorter lead-time and Time-To-Market (TTM).",,MIPRO 2009 - 32nd International Convention Proceedings: Telecommunications and Information,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hribar, Lovre;Sapunar, Stanko;Burilović, Ante",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889862995,10.1177/1541931213571036,Contractual relationships in family firms: An agency theory interpretation from a managerial perspective,"A variety of factors modify decision making behavior. The current study examines how affective state and inspection duration impact decision time and decision confidence in a simulated luggage screening paradigm. Participants (N=200), from each of three ""affect"" groups-primed for anger, fear, or sadness- And a control group were tasked with detecting weapon targets with inspection durations of either two seconds (high time pressured inspection) or six seconds (low time pressured inspection). Results revealed a main effect for inspection duration on decision time, such that participants with more highly time-pressured inspections had longer decision latencies after the luggage image timed out. There were also main effects for inspection duration and affective condition on decision confidence, such that participants in the low time pressure group had greater decision confidence and participants in the fear group had lower decision confidence than those in the control group. Copyright 2013 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2013-12-13,Conference Paper,"Culley, Kimberly E.;Liechty, Molly M.;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889823351,10.1177/1541931213571169,Management Information Systems for Service Quality in Commercial Banks: An Empirical Study,"In this paper, a methodology with ACT-R cognitive architecture is proposed to quantitatively predict task-related properties that influence mental workload. A mathematical representation of task-related properties over time with respect to an activated time of each module from ACT-R is proposed in this paper. Experiments were performed on menu selection and visual-manual tasks, varied by task difficulty and time pressure. As a result, it was found that predicted values of each task-related property, consisting of physical demand, mental demand, and temporal demand of NASA-TLX achieved by the proposed method, were highly correlated with mean values of subjective rating from subjects. Copyright 2013 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2013-12-13,Conference Paper,"Park, Sungjin;Myung, Rohae",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930248085,10.1007/978-3-319-04486-6_14,Information Technology Risks: An Interdisciplinary Challenge,"This chapter introduces students to general concepts and theoretical foundations of managing risks induced by developing and using information technology (IT risks). This chapter first provides an overview of the broad nature of IT risks. We introduce categories of IT risks to illustrate its diverse and heterogeneous causes and consequences as well as possible strategies required to balance the risks and benefits of information systems. Second, we illustrate the interdisciplinary challenges that come with managing IT risks on the most researched form of IT risk, namely IT project risks. We discuss the subjectivity of IT risks, various IT risk assessment techniques, outline the process of managing IT project risks, and introduce the dynamics of IT project risks. Third, we present five perspectives on IT risks as a fruitful lens to structure the variety of topics in IT risk research. Using these five perspectives as a framework, we present the most frequently cited IT risk research papers and theories. We conclude with an IT risk research agenda that posits worthwhile avenues for advancing the understanding and control of IT risks.",Information systems | Information technology | IT projects | IT risk | IT risk management,Risk - A Multidisciplinary Introduction,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Schermann, Michael;Wiesche, Manuel;Hoermann, Stefan;Krcmar, Helmut",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888345284,10.1155/2013/420169,ime experience within an organization: how do individuals manage temporal demands and what technology can we build to support them?,"In today's society, as computers, the Internet, and mobile phones pervade almost every corner of life, the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on humans is dramatic. The use of ICT, however, may also have a negative side. Human interaction with technology may lead to notable stress perceptions, a phenomenon referred to as technostress. An investigation of the literature reveals that computer users' gender has largely been ignored in technostress research, treating users as ""gender-neutral."" To close this significant research gap, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which we investigated users' physiological reaction to the malfunctioning of technology. Based on theories which explain that men, in contrast to women, are more sensitive to ""achievement stress,"" we predicted that male users would exhibit higher levels of stress than women in cases of system breakdown during the execution of a human-computer interaction task under time pressure, if compared to a breakdown situation without time pressure. Using skin conductance as a stress indicator, the hypothesis was confirmed. Thus, this study shows that user gender is crucial to better understanding the influence of stress factors such as computer malfunctions on physiological stress reactions. © 2013 René Riedl et al.",,Advances in Human-Computer Interaction,2013-12-02,Article,"Riedl, René;Kindermann, Harald;Auinger, Andreas;Javor, Andrija",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888853021,10.1016/j.humov.2013.07.007,Automated solutions: Improving the efficiency of software testing,"The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a speed or accuracy strategy on response interference control during choice step execution. Eighteen healthy young participants were instructed to execute forward stepping on the side indicated by a central arrow (←, left vs. →, right) under task instructions that either emphasized speed or accuracy of response in the neutral condition. In the flanker condition, they were additionally required to ignore the 2 flanking arrows on each side (→→→→→, congruent or →→←→→, incongruent). Errors in the direction of the initial weight transfer (APA errors) and the step execution times were measured from the vertical force data. APA error was increased in response to the flanker task and step execution time was shortened with a speed strategy compared to an accuracy strategy. Furthermore, in response to the visual interference of the flanker task, speed instructions in particular increased APA errors more than other instructions. It may be important to manipulate the level of the speed-accuracy trade-off to improve efficiency and safety. Further research is needed to explore the effects of advancing age and disability on choice step reaction in a speed or accuracy strategy. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Attention | Executive function | Postural control | Reaction time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Human Movement Science,2013-12-01,Article,"Uemura, Kazuki;Oya, Toshihisa;Uchiyama, Yasushi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-47849095898,10.1109/PICMET.2007.4349537,The effect of client-consultant coordination on IS project performance: an agency theory perspective,"Increasingly, consulting firms are employed by client organizations to participate in the implementation of enterprise systems projects. Such consultant-assisted IS projects differ from internal and outsourced IS projects in two important respects. First, the joint project team consists of members from client and consulting organizations that may have conflicting goals and incompatible work practices. Second, close collaboration between the client and consulting organizations is required throughout the course of the project. Consequently, coordination is more complex for consultant-assisted projects and is critical for project success. Drawing from coordination and agency theories, we developed a research model to investigate how client-consultant coordination can help build relationships based on trust and goal congruence and achieve higher project performance. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using data collected from 324 projects. The results provide strong support for the model. Client-consultant coordination was found to have the largest overall significant effect on performance. However, its effect was achieved indirectly by building trust and goal congruence and reducing requirements uncertainty. The positive effects of trust and goal congruence on project performance demonstrate the importance of managing the client-consultant relationship in such projects. Project uncertainty, including both technical and requirements uncertainty, was found to negatively affect project performance, as expected. This study represents a step towards the development of a new theory on the role of interorganizational coordination. © 2007 PICMET.",,Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Liberatore, Matthew J.;Wenhong, Luo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905965277,10.1080/1359432X.2012.704155,Testing the Group Task Demands-Resources Model among IT Professionals,"Demands and resources of the work experience have been shown to be important antecedents to development of job burnout and exhaustion among individual workers, and a recent line of research has applied the demands-resources perspective to model pressures that can arise in group work. We conducted a study of the group task demands-resources model to extend testing from information technology (IT) student group settings-where the model was developed-to the context of group work among IT professionals. We find that most antecedents in the model are predictive of group work pressure or task performance satisfaction, however, several important differences emerged in findings between prior tests with IT students and the IT professionals we surveyed in this study.",IT workgroups | Stress | Work pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Djamasbi, Soussan;Sheetz, Steven D.;Webber, Joanna",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84960112978,10.1016/j.infsof.2016.01.002,Challenges and strategies for motivating software testing personnel,"Context Software testing is the key to ensuring a successful and reliable software product or service, yet testing is often considered uninteresting work compared to design or coding. As any human-based activity, the outcome of the final software product is dependent of human factors and an essential challenge for software development organizations is to find effective ways to enhance the motivation and job-satisfaction of their testers. Objective Our study aims to cast light on how professional software testers can be motivated and we explore the policies and rules conceptualized and implemented inside software development projects. Method This paper presents the results of an empirical study that collected data through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 36 practitioners from 12 companies in Norway. The data collection was performed over a two years period and investigates the strategies applied by the companies for stimulating their testers, while considering the motivational and de-motivational factors influencing the testing personnel. Results Our results provide a set of motivational and de-motivational factors for software testing personnel and present the strategies deployed by the companies for stimulating their testing staff. Conclusions The study shows that combining testing responsibilities with development and ensuring a variety of engaging, challenging tasks and products does increase the satisfaction of testing personnel. However, despite the systematic and sincere effort invested in recognizing the importance of testing and motivating the testers, heavy emphasis is laid on minimizing project costs and duration. The results could help the companies in organizing and managing processes and stimulate their testing personnel, which will lead to better job satisfaction and productivity.",Human factors | Management | Motivation | Software development | Software testing | Testers,Information and Software Technology,2016-05-01,Article,"Deak, Anca;Stålhane, Tor;Sindre, Guttorm",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84968718655,10.1287/mnsc.2015.2196,Technical Debt and the Reliability of Enterprise Software Systems: A Competing Risks Analysis,"Enterprise software systems are required to be highly reliable because they are central to the business operations of most firms. However, configuring and maintaining these systems can be highly complex, making it challenging to achieve high reliability. Resource-constrained software teams facing business pressures can be tempted to take design shortcuts in order to deliver business functionality more quickly. These design shortcuts and other maintenance activities contribute to the accumulation of technical debt, that is, a buildup of software maintenance obligations that need to be addressed in the future. We model and empirically analyze the impact of technical debt on system reliability by utilizing a longitudinal data set spanning the 10-year life cycle of a commercial enterprise system deployed at 48 different client firms. We use a competing risks analysis approach to discern the interdependency between client and vendor maintenance activities. This allows us to assess the effect of both problematic client modifications (client errors) and software errors present in the vendor-supplied platform (vendor errors) on system failures. We also examine the relative effects of modular and architectural maintenance activities undertaken by clients in order to analyze the dynamics of technical debt reduction. The results of our analysis first establish that technical debt decreases the reliability of enterprise systems. Second, modular maintenance targeted to reduce technical debt was approximately 53% more effective than architectural maintenance in reducing the probability of a system failure due to client errors, but it had the side effect of increasing the chance of a system failure due to vendor errors by approximately 83% more than did architectural maintenance activities. Using our empirical results we illustrate how firms could evaluate their business risk exposure due to technical debt accumulation in their enterprise systems, and we assess the estimated net effects, both positive and negative, of a range of software maintenance practices. Finally, we discuss implications for research in measuring and managing technical debt in enterprise systems.",Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software | Competing risks modeling | Customization | Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems | Enterprise systems | Software complexity | Software maintenance | Software product management | Software reliability | Software risks | Technical debt,Management Science,2016-05-01,Article,"Ramasubbu, Narayan;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890211440,10.1121/1.4824930,Research Issues in Information Requirements Determination for Systems Development and Human-Computer Interaction,"The present study investigated whether extreme phonetic reduction could result from acute time pressure, i.e., when a segment is given less articulation time than its minimum duration, as defined by Klatt [(1973). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1102-1104]. Taiwan Mandarin was examined for its known high frequency of extreme reduction. Native speakers produced sentences containing nonsense disyllabic words with varying phonetic structures at different speech rates. High frequency words from spontaneous speech corpora were also examined for severe reduction. Results show that extreme reduction occurs frequently in nonsense words whenever local speech rate is roughly doubled from normal speech rate. The mean duration at which extreme reduction begins occurring is consistent with previously reported minimum segmental duration, maximum repetition rate and the rate of fast speech at which intelligibility is significantly reduced. Further examination of formant peak velocities as a function of formant displacement from both laboratory and corpus data shows that articulatory strength is not decreased during reduction. It is concluded that extreme reduction is not a feature unique only to high frequency words or casual speech, but a severe form of undershoot that occurs whenever time pressure is too great to allow the minimum execution of the required articulatory movement. © 2013 Acoustical Society of America.",,Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2013-12-01,Article,"Cheng, Chierh;Xu, Yi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84994121044,10.1145/2568225.2568245,Time pressure: a controlled experiment of test case development and requirements review,"Time pressure is prevalent in the software industry in which shorter and shorter deadlines and high customer demands lead to increasingly tight deadlines. However, the effects of time pressure have received little attention in software engineering research. We performed a controlled experiment on time pressure with 97 observations from 54 subjects. Using a two-by-two crossover design, our subjects performed requirements review and test case development tasks. We found statistically significant evidence that time pressure increases efficiency in test case development (high effect size Cohens d=1.279) and in requirements review (medium effect size Cohens d=0.650). However, we found no statistically significant evidence that time pressure would decrease effectiveness or cause adverse effects on motivation, frustration or perceived performance. We also investigated the role of knowledge but found no evidence of the mediating role of knowledge in time pressure as suggested by prior work, possibly due to our subjects. We conclude that applying moderate time pressure for limited periods could be used to increase efficiency in software engineering tasks that are well structured and straight forward.",Experiment | Review | Test case development | Time pressure,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2014-05-31,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Petersen, Kai;Lehtinen, Timo O.A.;Lassenius, Casper",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886997011,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.401-403.504,An Exploratory Study on the Factors of Assimilation Gap in Information Technology at the Individual Level,"The fluid flow of the time-pressure dispensing system was analyzed. Dispensing fluid was analyzed by finite element modeling based on N-S equation. Use CFX module to simulate dispensing process, and obtain the flow field's corresponding velocity & pressure distributions. Study the change rules of the adhesive amount dispensed affected by the inlet pressure, diameter and length of the needle. Finally, compare simulation values with the spectral method for two order approximations, the reliability and applicability of the model is proved. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",CFX | Dispensing modeling | Numerical simulation | Time-pressure dispensing,Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013-11-08,Conference Paper,"Deng, Luo Hong;Chen, Zai Liang;Yang, Xiao Min;Chen, Zhen Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886830690,10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.397-400.91,Firms' participation in open source projects: Which impact on software quality and success,"Because of changes of the epoxy amount in syringe and air compressibility, the time-pressure dispensing has proven to be a challenging task in achieving a high degree of consistency in the dispensed liquid dots volume. Taking residual pressure and non-Newtonian fluid into consideration, a self-adaptive model of the dispensed liquid dots volume was developed for the whole dispensing process. Based on the liquid dots volume model, combined with the syringe air chamber volume prediction model, a time-pressure switch control method was put forward following the principle of time preference control. Numerical simulation has been conducted in the MATLAB using the conventional PI algorithm. Results show that the self-adaptive model can be very well response to the influences of air chamber volume changes to the dispensed liquid dots volume and the proposed control method can significantly improve the dots volume consistency. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Fluid dispensing | Residual pressure | Self-adaptive model | Switch control,Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013-11-07,Conference Paper,"Chen, Cong Ping;Zhang, Tao;Guo, Shi Jie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745212048,,Ethical Considerations in Internet Code Reuse: A Model and Empirical Test,"Major software projects have been troubling business activities for more than 50 years. Of any known business activity, software projects have the highest probability of being cancelled or delayed. Once delivered, these projects display excessive error quantities and low levels of reliability. Both technical and social issues are associated with software project failures. Among the social issues that contribute to project failures are the rejections of accurate estimates and the forcing of projects to adhere to schedules that are essentially impossible. Among the technical issues that contribute to project failures are the lack of modern estimating approaches and the failure to plan for requirements growth during development. However, it is not a law of nature that software projects will run late, be cancelled, or be unreliable after deployment. A careful program of risk analysis and risk abatement can lower the probability of a major software disaster.",,CrossTalk,2006-06-01,Article,"Jones, Capers",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84933671215,10.3389/fnhum.2013.00697,Relevance of IS Project Success Dimensions–A Contingency Approach,"We report three experiments investigating the hypothesis that use of internal visual imagery (IVI) would be superior to external visual imagery (EVI) for the performance of different slalom-based motor tasks. In Experiment 1, three groups of participants (IVI, EVI, and a control group) performed a driving-simulation slalom task. The IVI group achieved significantly quicker lap times than EVI and the control group. In Experiment 2, participants performed a downhill running slalom task under both IVI and EVI conditions. Performance was again quickest in the IVI compared to EVI condition, with no differences in accuracy. Experiment 3 used the same group design as Experiment 1, but with participants performing a downhill ski-slalom task. Results revealed the IVI group to be significantly more accurate than the control group, with no significant differences in time taken to complete the task. These results support the beneficial effects of IVI for slalom-based tasks, and significantly advances our knowledge related to the differential effects of visual imagery perspectives on motor performance. © 2013 Callow, Roberts, Hardy, Jiang and Edwards.",Imagery ability | Kinesthetic imagery | Mental practice | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | VMIQ-2,Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2013-10-21,Article,"Callow, Nichola;Roberts, Ross;Hardy, Lew;Jiang, Dan;Edwards, Martin Gareth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889563049,10.1016/j.humov.2012.07.005,On the Design of Optimal Compensation Structures for Outsourcing Software Development and Maintenance: An Agency Theory Perspective,"This paper reports the results of a model-based analysis of movements gathered in a 4. ×. 4 experimental design of speed/accuracy tradeoffs with variable target distances and width. Our study was performed on a large (120 participants) and varied sample (both genders, wide age range, various health conditions). The delta-lognormal equation was used for data modeling to investigate the interaction between the output of the agonist and the antagonist neuromuscular systems. Empirical observations show that the subjects must correlate more tightly the impulse commands sent to both neuromuscular systems in order to achieve good performances as the difficulty of the task increases whereas the correlation in the timing of the neuromuscular action co-varies with the size of the geometrical properties of the task. These new phenomena are discussed under the paradigm provided by the Kinematic Theory and new research hypotheses are proposed for further investigation of the speed/accuracy tradeoffs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Cognitive sciences | Motor performance | Motor processes | Neurosciences | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Human Movement Science,2013-10-01,Article,"O'Reilly, Christian;Plamondon, Réjean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84978128816,10.1108/ITP-04-2014-0076,Organizational structure and enterprise systems implementation: Theoretical measures and a benchmark for customer teams,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the structural design of customer teams (CuTes) working with external teams to implement customized information systems (IS). Design consists of theoretically based measures and a first set of real-world, empirical values. Design/methodology/approach – A search in the organizational literature suggested that the adhocracy is the preferred structure for CuTes. Adhocracy-like measures were then developed and applied to a high-performance CuTe to reveal a first benchmark for a team’s adhocratic design. Findings – High-performance CuTes do not necessarily implement the adhocratic principles to the highest degree. Research limitations/implications – It is still open whether all the structural measures described here are necessary and sufficient to describe the adhocracy-like structural design of CuTes. Practical implications – The CuTe is highlighted as the key incumbent of cooperation with the technology supplier and consultants in terms of project authority and responsibility. A psychometric instrument and real-world values are proposed as a reference for the structural design of high-performance CuTes. Social implications – The performance of IS projects is a social concern, since IS products should be aimed at serving people better both inside and outside the organization. Professionals who work in CuTes to develop better IS should receive institutional recognition and management attention. Originality/value – This study seems to be the first to discuss the structure of CuTes in customized IS projects from a theoretical and applied perspective.",Adhocracy | Enterprise resource planning (ERP) (packaged systems) | High-performance work | Information systems development (ISD) | IS metrics | IS professionals | IT project management | Organizational structure | Socio-technical theory | Teams,Information Technology and People,2016-08-01,Article,"Bellini, Carlo Gabriel Porto;Pereira, Rita de Cássia de Faria;Becker, João Luiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870160482,10.1007/978-3-642-38844-6_31,"Agile Methods: Fast-Paced, but How Fast?","What are the roles of time and time pressures in design and performance of agile processes for software development? How do we plan our rapid development activities given the constraints of due dates? What does it mean to be on 'internet time'? Agile methods are meant to be fast-paced, but are they fast in an effective way? How do time-pressures influence the productivity of a project team and how do they impact the motivations of developers? This paper considers the time issues in agile approaches to managing software projects and posits research propositions to guide further study of this area.",Adaptable Software Development | Software Product Development | Time Pressures,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harris, Michael L.;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,gency Problems: Influences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces on ERP Project Management,"Improving the creativity and innovation student's skills is a key point for most of educational institutions. Created by ESTIA in 2007, ""The 24h of innovation®"" (www.24h.estia.fr) is a 24 hours nonstop challenge to develop creative and innovative concepts of products (mechanical, electronic, software...) and services. The concept of this event is simple: projects and topics are proposed by companies, labs, association and they are unveiled at the beginning of the competition. Teams are freely composed of a mix of any volunteers (students, researchers, teachers, consultants, free-lances, employees...). After 24 hours of development, teams present their results in a show of 3 minutes in front of a jury of professionals in the field of innovation. The winner teams receive the ""24h of innovation"" awards and they receive prizes offered by the sponsors of the event. Since 2007, 3500 participants coming from more than 70 schools & university of 40 different countries have attended one of the 10 editions organized in France and Québec. More than 200 projects have been developed for 100 companies. This full paper is focus on the analysis of time pressure to foster the creativity of students and their skills to produce innovative work. © 2013 IEEE.",Creativity | Innovation | students challenge | The 24h of innovation,"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on European Association for Education in Electrical and Information Engineering, EAEEIE 2013",2013-09-05,Conference Paper,"Legardeur, Jérémy;Lizarralde, Iban;Real, Marion",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870510800,10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.016,The role of work pressure in IT task groups: Identifying theoretical constructs,"This paper introduces the study of group work pressure (GWP) in information technology (IT) task groups. We theorize that GWP arises from demands and resources in group work and that high levels of GWP inhibit group performance. To identify the constructs of a new group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model, we solicit subjects' descriptions of factors associated with high and low pressure group work situations they have experienced. We find that GWP is composed of characteristics of the task, group, environment, and individuals in the environment. Group characteristics include expertise of the group, group history, and degree of interpersonal conflicts. Individual characteristics include task motivation, personal expertise, and positive/negative consequences. Task complexity, time pressure, and external resources available to the group complete the model tasks. The findings extend prior demands-resources research, suggesting a research model for future study and practical mechanisms for reducing undesirable effects of GWP.",Consequences | Group task demand-resources (GTD-R) model | Group work pressure (GWP) | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880286405,10.1016/j.econlet.2013.06.005,The CIO enabling IT governance,"Arad and Rubinstein (2012a) have designed a novel game to study level-. k reasoning experimentally. Just like them, we find that the depth of reasoning is very limited and clearly different from that in equilibrium play. We show that such behavior is even robust to repetitions; hence there is, at best, little learning. However, under time pressure, behavior is, perhaps coincidentally, closer to that in equilibrium play. We argue that time pressure evokes intuitive reasoning and reduces the focal attraction of choosing higher (and per se more profitable) numbers in the game. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Experiment | Level-k reasoning | Repetition | Time pressure,Economics Letters,2013-09-01,Article,"Lindner, Florian;Sutter, Matthias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876295001,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.12.004,More testers–The effect of crowd size and time restriction in software testing,"Context: The questions of how many individuals and how much time to use for a single testing task are critical in software verification and validation. In software review and usability evaluation contexts, positive effects of using multiple individuals for a task have been found, but software testing has not been studied from this viewpoint. Objective: We study how adding individuals and imposing time pressure affects the effectiveness and efficiency of manual testing tasks. We applied the group productivity theory from social psychology to characterize the type of software testing tasks. Method: We conducted an experiment where 130 students performed manual testing under two conditions, one with a time restriction and pressure, i.e., a 2-h fixed slot, and another where the individuals could use as much time as they needed. Results: We found evidence that manual software testing is an additive task with a ceiling effect, like software reviews and usability inspections. Our results show that a crowd of five time-restricted testers using 10 h in total detected 71% more defects than a single non-time-restricted tester using 9.9 h. Furthermore, we use F-score measure from the information retrieval domain to analyze the optimal number of testers in terms of both effectiveness and validity of testing results. We suggest that future studies on verification and validation practices use F-score to provide a more transparent view of the results. Conclusions: The results seem promising for the time-pressured crowds by indicating that multiple time-pressured individuals deliver superior defect detection effectiveness in comparison to non-time-pressured individuals. However, caution is needed, as the limitations of this study need to be addressed in future works. Finally, we suggest that the size of the crowd used in software testing tasks should be determined based on the share of duplicate and invalid reports produced by the crowd and by the effectiveness of the duplicate handling mechanisms. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Crowdsourcing | Division of labor | Group performance | Human factors | Methods for SQA and V&V | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2013-06-01,Article,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Itkonen, Juha",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880989300,10.1037/a0031533,An Investigation on Performance of Software Enhancement Projects in China,"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with performance deficits across a broad range of tasks. Although individual tasks are designed to tap specific cognitive functions (e.g., memory, inhibition, planning, etc.), these deficits could also reflect general effects related to either inefficient or impulsive information processing or both. These two components cannot be isolated from each other on the basis of classical analysis in which mean reaction time (RT) and mean accuracy are handled separately. Method: Seventy children with a diagnosis of combined type ADHD and 50 healthy controls (between 6 and 17 years) performed two tasks: a simple two-choice RT (2-CRT) task and a conflict control task (CCT) that required higher levels of executive control. RT and errors were analyzed using the Ratcliff diffusion model, which divides decisional time into separate estimates of information processing efficiency (called ""drift rate"") and speed-accuracy tradeoff (SATO, called ""boundary""). The model also provides an estimate of general nondecisional time. Results: Results were the same for both tasks independent of executive load. ADHD was associated with lower drift rate and less nondecisional time. The groups did not differ in terms of boundary parameter estimates. Conclusion: RT and accuracy performance in ADHD appears to reflect inefficient rather than impulsive information processing, an effect independent of executive function load. The results are consistent with models in which basic information processing deficits make an important contribution to the ADHD cognitive phenotype. © 2013 American Psychological Association.","Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | Ratcliff Diffusion Model | Reaction time, information processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff",Neuropsychology,2013-01-01,Article,"Metin, Baris;Roeyers, Herbert;Wiersema, Jan R.;Van Der Meere, Jaap J.;Thompson, Margaret;Sonuga-Barke, Edmund",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944449466,10.1007/978-3-642-38862-0_37,Why not let IT fail? The IT project success paradox,"Is a focus on information systems or information technology success a myopic view of evaluating IT success and failure? Are success and failure the opposite ends of a continuum for evaluating IT projects? Conventional measures of success such as meeting cost, time, budgets, and user needs do not address positives that can emerge from failures. We contend that a focus on success and failing to factor the possibility of failure actually hamper IT projects. An organizational mandate that does not allow for failure does not promote risk taking and innovation. It can also foster a project climate fraught with undesirable or unethical behavior and stress among developers, while failing to capture positive lessons that could emerge from IT project failure.",Innovation | IS success evaluation | IT failure,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ambrose, Paul J.;Munro, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953782801,10.1109/CSCWD.2010.5471998,Coordination and pressing: A formula for teamwork—A case study,"The software industry has recognized the importance of teamwork as a driver for good projects results. However teamwork is not an easy goal to reach, because there is a large list of variables affecting the process. Each project probably will require a particular recipe to promote and perform real teamwork. Therefore a one-size fits-all approach does not work to promote teamwork in the software development scenarios. This article presents an influence model that helps the development teams to find a strategy that allow them to carry out teamwork. This model is the result of an analysis conducted by the authors on 27 software projects performed in a controlled setting in an academic environment. © 2010 IEEE.",Human behavior | Software development teams | Teamwork,"Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marques, Maira;Ochoa, Sergio F.;Quispe, Alcides;Silvestre, Luis;Villena, Agustin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880605520,10.1080/08870446.2013.766734,The Nature of Adherence to Planning as Criterion for Information System Project Success,"Time pressure is often cited as a reason for non-attendance at mammography screening, although evidence from other areas of psychology suggests that time pressure can improve performance when barriers such as time pressure provide a challenge. We predicted that time pressure would negatively predict attendance in women whose self-efficacy for overcoming time pressure is low, but positively predict attendance when self-efficacy is high. Time pressure was operationalised as the self-reported number of dependent children and others, and average number of working hours per week. Australian women were surveyed after being invited to attend second or subsequent screenings at a free public screening service, and subsequent attendance monitored until six months after screening was due. The majority (87.5%) attended screening. Women with more dependent children and higher self-efficacy showed greater attendance likelihood, and women with fewer non-child dependants and lower self-efficacy were less likely to attend. Working hours did not predict attendance. Findings provide partial support for the idea that time pressure acts as a challenge for women with high self-efficacy. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",breast cancer | mammography attendance | screening | self-efficacy | time pressure,Psychology and Health,2013-08-01,Article,"Brown, Stephen L.;Gibney, Triecia M.;Tarling, Rachel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880963707,10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.06.001,A Case for Using The Balanced Scorecard Framework at Project Stage-Gates,"There can be systematic biases in time estimation when it is performed in complex multitasking situations. In this paper we focus on the mechanisms that cause participants to tend to respond too quickly and underestimate a target interval (250-400. ms) in a complex, real-time task. We hypothesized that two factors are responsible for the too-early bias: (1) Memory contamination from an even shorter time interval in the task, and (2) time pressure to take appropriate actions in time. In a simpler experiment that was focused on just these two factors, we found a strong too-early bias when participants estimated the target interval in alternation with a shorter interval and when they had little time to perform the task. The too-early bias was absent when they estimated the target interval in isolation without contamination and time pressure. A strong too-late bias occurred when the target interval alternated with a longer interval and there was no time pressure to respond. The effects were captured by incorporating the timing model of Taatgen and van Rijn (2011) into the ACT-R model for the Space Fortress task (Bothell, 2010). The results show that to properly understand time estimation in a dynamic task one needs to model the multiple influences that are occurring from the surrounding context. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Cognitive model | Memory | Multitasking | Time estimation | Time pressure,Cognitive Psychology,2013-08-01,Article,"Moon, Jungaa;Anderson, John R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879733737,10.1108/MAJ-10-2012-0761,"Improving the estimation, contingency planning and tracking of agile software development projects","The purpose of this paper is to address the impact of ethical culture on audit quality under conditions of time budget pressure. The study also tests the relationship between ethical culture and time budget pressure. The study is based on a field survey of financial auditors employed by audit firms operating in Sweden. The study finds relationships between three ethical culture factors and reduced audit quality acts. The ethical environment and the use of penalties to enforce ethical norms are negatively related to reduced audit quality acts, whereas the demand for obedience to authorities is positively related to reduced audit quality acts. Underreporting of time is not related to ethical culture, but is positively related to time budget pressure. Finally, the study finds a relationship between two ethical culture factors and time budget pressure, indicating a possible causal relationship, but ethical culture does not mediate an indirect effect of time budget pressure on reduced audit quality acts. This is the first study to report the effect of ethical culture on dysfunctional auditor behavior using actual selfreported frequencies of reduced audit quality acts and underreporting of time as data. © 2013, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Audit quality | Auditing | Auditors | Ethical culture | Ethics | Sweden | Time budget pressure,Managerial Auditing Journal,2013-07-19,Article,"Svanberg, Jan;Öhman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883789728,10.1109/ICGSE.2007.20,Analysis and risk assessment resources planning project introducing information system,"It is a studying worthy problem in interface design whether the operator can deal with lots of information quickly and correctly under time pressure in human-computer interaction of a complex system. How to use reasonable encoding models to optimize interface design is researched in this paper, according to the influences of time pressures on cognitive behaviors. According to the variable-level description of the Subject Workload Assessment Technique and vision gaze, time pressures is divided into three levels as high, medium, low, and the presentation time of each level corresponds to 200, 600 and 1000 ms. With the help of the experiment, the influences of time pressures on color and shape cognition are analyzed. The results show that the cognition of color was more and quicker than the cognition of shape under time pressures within 1000 ms. Finally, the improved effect of color encoding on rapid recognition of multiple messages was tested and verified, with the emulational interface design of A320 airplane Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor system as demonstrative object.",Color encoding | Shape encoding | Time pressure | Visual cognitive capacity,Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao/Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics,2013-07-01,Article,"Li, Jing;Xue, Chengqi;Wang, Haiyan;Zhou, Lei;Niu, Yafeng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893443499,10.1037/a0033085,FIRMS'INVOLVEMENT IN OPEN SOURCE PROJECTS: A CONTROVERSIAL ROLE,"The objective of this article is to investigate transformational leadership as a potential moderator of the negative relationship of time pressure to work-life balance and of the positive relationship between time pressure and exhaustion. Recent research regards time pressure as a challenge stressor; while being positively related to motivation and performance, time pressure also increases employee strain and decreases well-being. Building on the Job Demand-Resources model, we hypothesize that transformational leadership moderates the relationships between time pressure and both employees' exhaustion and work-life balance such that both relationships will be weaker when transformational leadership is higher. Of seven information technology organizations in Germany, 262 employees participated in the study. Established scales for time pressure, transformational leadership, work-life balance, and exhaustion were used, all showing good internal consistencies. The results support our assumptions. Specifically, we find that under high transformational leadership the impact of time pressure on exhaustion and work-life balance was less strong. The results of this study suggest that, particularly under high time pressure, transformational leadership is an important factor for both employees' work-life balance and exhaustion © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Emotional exhaustion | Job demands | Time pressure | Transformational leadership | Work-life balance,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2013-07-01,Article,"Syrek, Christine J.;Apostel, Ella;Antoni, Conny H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880613867,10.1080/10548408.2013.803399,Reasoned and institutional explanations for the use of software development project management practices,"The consumer travel fair is a well-known vacation marketing event in Singapore. Travel product/package promotions at the Singapore travel fair are only available for 3 days. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time pressure and consumer value of travel fair products through their perceptions of scarcity, price, and quality. These constructs were examined using two types of mediation models. A random sample survey of 251 travel fair visitors were collected to verify the conceptual model proposed to integrate these constructs. The study found the mediated relationship between time pressure and consumer value was significant. Additionally, the signs for the total indirect effects were consistent with the proposed mediation models. The results are important from managerial and personal selling perspectives. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Consumer travel fair | mediation models | perceived value | time pressure,Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2013-07-01,Article,"Lim, Christine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880285493,10.1080/02642069.2013.719887,Koordination der Standardsoftwareentwicklung: ein situativer Ansatz,"This study applies Beatty and Elizabeth Ferrell's impulse buying model to investigate consumers' buying impulses after receiving digital media promotions for limited-time-only sale for services. The influences of consumers' positive affect and impulse buying tendency on their felt urge to buy impulsively were explored. Questionnaires were utilized to survey consumers and structural equation modeling was adopted to explore the causal relationship among the constructs. The results indicated that consumers generate more positive affect if they perceive less time pressure or more money available. The results also revealed the direct effect of consumer positive affect and impulse buying tendency on their felt urge to buy impulsively. The study verifies the successful application of the impulse buying model to the promotion of services through digital media. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",buying impulse | digital media | perishability | time pressure,Service Industries Journal,2013-07-01,Article,"Lin, Pei Chun;Lin, Zhou Hern",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880117547,10.1177/0961463X13478052,研究演習におけるビジネス・コンテストを通じた学び,"In this study, the influence of contemporaneous and retrospective recall of time pressure on the experience of time was examined. Participants (N = 868) first indicated how fast the previous week, month, year, and 10 years had passed. No effects of age were found, except on the 10-year interval. The participants were subsequently asked how much time pressure they experienced presently and how much time pressure they had experienced 10 years ago. Participants who indicated that they were currently experiencing much time pressure reported that time was passing quickly on the shorter time intervals, whereas participants who indicated that they had been experiencing much time pressure 10 years ago reported that the previous 10 years had passed quickly. Cross-sectional comparisons of past and present time pressure suggested that participants systematically underestimated past time pressure. This memory bias offers an explanation of why life appears to speed up as people get older. © 2013, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",Aging | autobiographical memory | experience of time | time estimation | time pressure,Time & Society,2013-01-01,Article,"Janssen, Steve M.j.;Naka, Makiko;Friedman, William J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879119609,10.1016/j.trf.2013.05.002,"Information Technology as a Target, Shield, and Weapon in the Post-9/11 Environment","Little is known about how time pressure affects driving behavior. The present questionnaire-based research addresses this gap in the literature. We used roadside assessment, out-of context self-assessment and hetero-assessment approaches. These approaches (1) identify situational factors eliciting time pressure behind the wheel, (2) explore the emotional reactions of time-pressured drivers, and (3) investigate links between time pressure and risky driving. Our results suggest that time constraints, time uncertainty and goal importance are causal factors for time pressure, which is mostly encountered chronically in professional fields requiring driving. Time pressure is associated with negative emotions and stress, though some motorists also appreciate driving under time pressure because doing so potentially heightens feelings of self-efficacy. Time pressure might increase risk taking, but self-reported accidents were not more numerous. This null finding is critically discussed, but it could result from increased driving ability in chronically time pressured drivers and from adequate adjustments of other drivers. Assessments of objective and subjective factors should be integrated in interventions designed to help working people cope with time pressure behind the wheel. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Car driving | Emotion | Risk | Time pressure | Work,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2013-01-01,Article,"Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Naveteur, Janick;Antoine, Pascal;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879119770,10.1016/j.jsr.2013.03.005,Ramp-up performance in consumer electronics,"Introduction Group safety climate is a leading indicator of safety performance in high reliability organizations. Zohar and Luria (2005) developed a Group Safety Climate scale (ZGSC) and found it to have a single factor. Method The ZGSC scale was used as a basis in this study with the researchers rewording almost half of the items on this scale, changing the referents from the leader to the group, and trying to validate a two-factor scale. The sample was composed of 566 employees in 50 groups from a Spanish nuclear power plant. Item analysis, reliability, correlations, aggregation indexes and CFA were performed. Results Results revealed that the construct was shared by each unit, and our reworded Group Safety Climate (GSC) scale showed a one-factor structure and correlated to organizational safety climate, formalized procedures, safety behavior, and time pressure. ""Impact on Industry This validation of the one-factor structure of the Zohar and Luria (2005) scale could strengthen and spread this scale and measure group safety climate more effectively. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.",group level safety climate | group perceptions | Safety climate | supervisor perceptions,Journal of Safety Research,2013-06-24,Article,"Navarro, M. Felisa Latorre;Gracia Lerín, Francisco J.;Tomás, Inés;Peiró Silla, José María",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,"Software Effort, Quality, and Cycle Time: A Study of CMM Level 5 Projects","The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878547439,10.1201/b14769-70,Insights from Y2K and 9/11 for Enhancing IT Security,"On 9 June 2011 a freight train caught fire in the Simplon Tunnel. Ten railcars burned out completely, so that both bores of the 20 km tunnel, linking Brig (in Switzerland) to Iselle (in Italy), had to be closed completely until the fire could be extinguished. After that, the damaged bore was out of operation for several months for restoration. Inside the damaged bore, the railway technology was completely destroyed in the area of the fire, extending some 300 m. The lining and the drainage systems were also substantially damaged. The structural repair of the tunnel had to be tackled as soon as the railcars and debris had been cleared. After determining the zones in which the lining was no longer sustainable and deciding which measures to take, the repair of the lining involved the application of new solutions. The restoration work had to be carried out under both time pressure and the restrictions resulting from the conditions inside the tunnel. In the end it was decided not to reopen the tunnel provisionally within a short space of time, but to undertake lengthier, definitive repairs. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.",,"Underground - The Way to the Future: Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress, WTC 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kradolfer, W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85028149705,10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.017,Investigating the causal mechanisms underlying the customization of software development methods,"The contribution of retailing to total airport revenue is becoming more important. This study examines the relationship between passengers' shopping motivations and their commercial activities at airports, as well as the moderating effects of time pressure and impulse buying on this relationship. A sample of passenger survey data was collected at Taiwan's Taoyuan International Airport. Three shopping motivations, namely, ""favorable price and quality"", ""environment and communication"", and ""culture and atmosphere,"" are identified based on the results of factor analysis. The results reveal that passenger shopping motivations have positive impacts on commercial activities at the airport, and furthermore both time pressure and impulse buying tendency moderate the relationship between shopping motivations and commercial activities.",Airport | Commercial activities | Impulse buying tendency | Shopping motivations | Time pressure,Tourism Management,2013-06-01,Article,"Lin, Yi Hsin;Chen, Ching Fu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878088274,10.1177/0146167213482984,College of Business Administration Office of Research,"Four experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that performance is particularly undermined by time pressure when people are avoidance motivated. The results supported this hypothesis across three different types of tasks, including those well suited and those ill suited to the type of information processing evoked by avoidance motivation. We did not find evidence that stress-related emotions were responsible for the observed effect. Avoidance motivation is certainly necessary and valuable in the self-regulation of everyday behavior. However, our results suggest that given its nature and implications, it seems best that avoidance motivation is avoided in situations that involve (time) pressure. © 2013 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.",avoidance motivation | cognitive load | cognitive resources | performance | time pressure,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2013-06-01,Article,"Roskes, Marieke;Elliot, Andrew J.;Nijstad, Bernard A.;De Dreu, Carsten K.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011068281,10.1111/jasp.12138,Understanding the Impact of Indirect System Use on Task Performance in Hospital: An Agency Theory Perspective.,"Indirect system use refers to a user (the principal) performs IS-related tasks via another user (the agent). Despite the prevalence of indirect system use, the extant literature on system usage and its performance mainly focuses on direct system use. During the process of indirect system use, the goal conflict and information asymmetry could arise between the principal and the agent, which create challenges of appropriately managing the agent's behavior. Drawing on the Agency theory, we propose that indirect system use can be categorized into two types: behavior-oriented indirect system use and outcome-oriented indirect system use. A conceptual model is constructed to theoretically understand how these two types of indirect system use impact task performance differently and contingent on the extent of task complexity.",Agency theory | Behavior-oriented indirect system use | Outcome-oriented indirect system use | Task complexity | Task performance,"Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yujing;Tong, Yu;Liao, Stephen Shaoyi;Yu, Yugang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030973097,,On the Credibility of Enterprise Software Quality Vendor-speak: An Analytical Framework,"CAD systems for textile design use complex computers and are often described in 'computer speak' - to the confusion of all but computer professionals. Here, the concept of the CAD system and a glossary of common CAD terms are introduced.",,Man-made Textiles in India,1997-01-01,Article,"Man-made Textiles in India, ",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877933080,10.1145/2470654.2466181,The Chief Information Officer,"One of the fundamental operations in today's user interfaces is pointing to targets, such as menus, buttons, and text. Making an error when selecting those targets in real-life user interfaces often results in some cost to the user. However, the existing target-directed pointing models do not consider the cost of error when predicting task completion time. In this paper, we present a model based on expected value theory that predicts the impact of the error cost on the user's completion time for target-directed pointing tasks. We then present a target-directed pointing user study, which results show that time-based costs of error significantly impact the user's performance. Our results also show that users perform according to an expected completion time utility function and that optimal performance computed using our model gives good prediction of the observed task completion times. Copyright © 2013 ACM.",Error cost | Fitts' law | Movement time | Pointing errors | Pointing time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2013-05-27,Conference Paper,"Banovic, Nikola;Grossman, Tovi;Fitzmaurice, George",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846032652,10.2307/25148734,Managing Peer-to-Peer Conflicts in Disruptive Information Technology Innovations: The Case of Software Reuse,"We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies and how appropriately devised managerial interventions (e.g., coordination mechanisms and organizational learning practices) can lessen these conflicts. A study of software reuse programs in four organizations was conducted to assess the validity of the model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained showed that companies that had implemented such managerial interventions experienced greater success with their software reuse programs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.",Coordination mechanisms | Disruptive IT innovations | Goal conflict | Organizational learning | Software reuse,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Sherif, Karma;Zmud, Robert W.;Browne, Glenn J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011068281,10.1109/HICSS.2013.151,UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF INDIRECT SYSTEM USE ON TASK PERFORMANCE IN HOSPITAL: AN AGENCY THEORY PERSPECTIVE,"Indirect system use refers to a user (the principal) performs IS-related tasks via another user (the agent). Despite the prevalence of indirect system use, the extant literature on system usage and its performance mainly focuses on direct system use. During the process of indirect system use, the goal conflict and information asymmetry could arise between the principal and the agent, which create challenges of appropriately managing the agent's behavior. Drawing on the Agency theory, we propose that indirect system use can be categorized into two types: behavior-oriented indirect system use and outcome-oriented indirect system use. A conceptual model is constructed to theoretically understand how these two types of indirect system use impact task performance differently and contingent on the extent of task complexity.",Agency theory | Behavior-oriented indirect system use | Outcome-oriented indirect system use | Task complexity | Task performance,"Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yujing;Tong, Yu;Liao, Stephen Shaoyi;Yu, Yugang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875713438,10.1177/0018720812457565,It Is About Time: Investigating the Temporal Parameters of Decision-Making in Agile Teams,"Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of proximity and time pressure on accurate and effective visual search during medication selection from a computer screen. Background: The presence of multiple similar objects in proximity to a target object increases the difficulty of a visual search. Visual similarity between drug names can also lead to selection error. The proximity of several similarly named drugs within a visual field could, therefore, adversely affect visual search. Method: In Study 1, 60 nonpharmacy participants selected a target drug name from an array of mock drug packets shown on a computer screen, where one or four similarly named nontargets might be present. Of the participants, 30 completed the task with a time constraint, and the remainder did not. In Study 2, the same experiment was repeated with 28 pharmacy staff. Results: In Study 1, the proximity of multiple similarly named nontargets within the specified visual field reduced selection accuracy and increased reaction times in the nonpharmacists. Time constraint also had an adverse effect. In Study 2, the pharmacy participants showed increased reaction times when multiple nontargets were present, but the time constraint had no effect. There was no effect of Tall Man lettering. Conclusion: The presence of multiple similarly named medications in close proximity to a target medication increases the difficulty of the visual search for the target. Tall Man lettering has no impact on this adverse effect. Application: The widespread use of the alphabetical system in medication storage increases the risk of proximity-based errors in drug selection. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",drug name similarity | pharmacy | proximity | Tall Man | time pressure,Human Factors,2013-04-01,Article,"Irwin, Amy;Mearns, Kathryn;Watson, Margaret;Urquhart, Jim",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973915625,10.1016/j.lrp.2016.04.001,Speedy Delivery Versus Long-term Objectives: How Time Pressure Affects Coordination Between Temporary Projects and Permanent Organizations,"In this study, we analyze how time pressure affects coordination between temporary projects and permanent organizations involved in public infrastructure projects. Prior research has shown that time pressure can yield both benefits and challenges to the realization of projects. Unraveling the challenges, we identify three interrelating factors that constrain coordination: the political context of public projects, time pressure within temporary projects, and the nature of transactive memory within permanent organizations. Our study offers a more comprehensive conceptualization of project coordination by including temporary project teams, permanent organizations, and the political context in the analysis. In doing so, we strengthen understanding of pacing by revealing how political pressure and political priorities increase the work pace of temporary projects, thereby constraining the coordination between fast-paced projects and slower-paced, permanent organizations. Finally, our study contributes to literature on strategic knowledge coordination by explaining how the differentiated nature of transactive memory across organizational settings inhibits timely coordination.",,Long Range Planning,2016-12-01,Article,"van Berkel, Freek J.F.W.;Ferguson, Julie E.;Groenewegen, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873242467,10.1111/j.1099-1123.2012.00456.x,A literature review of violations: defining violations and examining their causes,"Based on theory from the psychology literature and results from prior false sign-off research, we develop hypotheses and then conduct an experiment to assess the reporting intentions of audit supervisors who discover that a staff member under their supervision has committed false sign-off. The experiment manipulated the level of time budget pressure on the audit engagement and the staff member's intentionality. Results indicate that audit supervisors are more likely to report the false sign-off when (1) the audit staff member was working under conditions of low time budget pressure versus high time budget pressure and (2) the staff member committed the false sign-off intentionally versus unintentionally as a result of confusion over what was expected. The paper concludes with a discussion of its limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Audit quality | False sign-off | Intentionality | Time budget pressure,International Journal of Auditing,2013-03-01,Article,"Hyatt, Troy A.;Taylor, Mark H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874214546,10.1177/1440783311419907,Applying System Dynamics to Software Quality Management,"This article investigates satisfaction with time pressure for men and women with different hours of paid employment using data from the 2006 'Negotiating the Life Course' project. In Australia, part-time employment is a common strategy adopted by women with dependent children to reconcile paid work and family responsibilities. However, women employed part-time are not a homogeneous group. This study differentiates between women employed for minimal part-time, half-time and reduced full-time hours, as well as women employed full-time and not in the labour force, to investigate differences in perceived time pressure. Three dimensions of time pressure are examined: overall time pressure, time pressure at home and time pressure at work. We find gender differences in time pressure at home and differences among women in overall and work time pressure. We conclude that being employed part-time does not alleviate time pressure for all women. © 2011 The Australian Sociological Association.",gender | part-time employment | time pressure | work-family balance | work-family conflict,Journal of Sociology,2013-03-01,Article,"Rose, Judy;Hewitt, Belinda;Baxter, Janeen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873570512,10.1016/j.jretai.2012.11.001,Information Systems Risks: An interdisciplinary challenge,"Despite the prevalence of exaggerated advertised reference prices (ARPs) in retail ads and the potential for consumer vulnerability to false reference prices, research identifying boundary conditions to the effectiveness of exaggerated ARPs is scarce. We demonstrate that exaggerated ARPs are much more effective in favorably influencing consumers' perceptions of retail offers when they feel time pressure while evaluating such offers. Further, although past research indicates that high promotion frequency weakens the effectiveness of exaggerated ARPs, we show that this is not observed when time pressure is present. We discuss the implications of this research and provide directions for future research. © 2012 New York University.",3 studies | Exaggerated reference price | Experimental design | Promotion frequency | Reference price advertisements | Retail pricing | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2013-03-01,Article,"Krishnan, Balaji C.;Dutta, Sujay;Jha, Subhash",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897747795,10.1037/a0032148,How soon is now? Theorising temporality in Information Systems research,"Time is an inherent quality of human life and the temporal nature of our being in this world has fundamentally shaped our knowledge and understanding of it: the concept of time pervades everyday language: ""time is of the essence""; ""timing is everything""; and ""a stitch in time saves nine"". Thus, many disciplines are concerned with Time - physics of course, and also history, philosophy, psychology, computer science, communication studies and media. Nevertheless, our understanding of it is fundamentally limited because our consciousness moves along it. The goal of this paper is to develop a conceptualization of time that can be used to investigate the impact of temporality on the design, development, adoption and use of Information Systems and to trace the societal and business impact of that association. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office. All rights reserved.",Key issues | Qualitative research | Theory building | Time pressure,International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design,2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Riordan, Niamh O.;Conboy, Kieran;Acton, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018799918,10.1007/s10664-017-9506-4,Impact of incorrect and new requirements on waterfall software project outcomes,"This research compares the impacts of change requests due to requirement defects on the outcomes of software development projects developed using the Waterfall methodology. The three types of requirement defects examined are incorrect requirements, incomplete requirements and new requirements. Outcomes are measured in terms of total effort expended and software defects injected during software development. While prior literature has examined ways to minimize requirement defects, limited insights are available on the impacts of requirement defects that remain after baseline requirements have been gathered. A sample of 49 software projects following the Waterfall methodology from a large highly mature (CMMI level 5) software development organization was used to statistically estimate the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Using the coordination perspective to develop our model, we find that resolution of change requests due to new requirements increases defects injected as well as effort. The resolution of change requests due to incorrect requirements increases the number of new requirements as well as the number of defects injected. Resolution of change requests due to incomplete requirements do not have measurable impacts on software project outcomes. Efforts to minimize the number of change requests necessary due to new requirements, can therefore be an important factor in improving software project outcomes.",Incorrect requirements | New requirements | Requirements defects,Empirical Software Engineering,2018-02-01,Article,"Chari, Kaushal;Agrawal, Manish",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873960504,10.1201/b13827-40,Cognitive Processing with Information Visualization Types and Contextual Reasoning,"Direct viewing tasks associated with observing the Platform Train Interface (PTI) requires detailed inspection of large areas, in short timescales whilst the driver/guard is under time pressure. However, as visual detection tasks are safety critical (if not done properly there is a risk of passengers being trapped between PTI). This paper discuss the technical approach that was undertaken as part of a safety assessment to validate and verify that Guards could be relocated from the centre of the train (4th car) to the rear of the train (8th car) and undertake PTI viewing with CCTV instead of the current method of direct viewing. The assessment was undertaken to assure that detection of PTI events was more reliable using CCTV when compared to direct viewing. The resulting study included a detailed literature review, a structured technical rationale report and CCTV assessment trials to assure that the proposed CCTV systems performance reduced PTI risks to ALARP. The literature review included UK rail CCTV guidance documents and documents from other industries (e.g. security). The extensive literature review found that none of the existing CCTV guidance available was directly applicable, robust enough or of suitable rigour. Therefore, a number of specific technical issues were systematically assessed with input from CCTV Engineering specialists. This elicited a large number of technical and Human Factors issues that had not been found to be addressed by any other Human Factors studies in the Rail sector. The outcome of the assessment/literature review was derivation of a detailed CCTV specification for the CCTV suppliers. The CCTV system was subsequently built and trialled on Sydney Trains Suburban Network under a variety of environmental and operational scenarios. The resulting CCTV trial assessed camera and lens performance in terms of a number of technical factors and evaluated the CCTV system on test runs with live trains on the suburban network under a variety of scenarios. The overall safety assessment found that CCTV offered performance of PTI tasks as robust (and in some scenarios better) when compared to direct viewing. The safety assessment concluded that CCTV viewing from the rear car offered as good as (if not better) probabilities of detecting PTI events when compared to direct viewing from the 4th car. The CCTV system is now operational on a number of Sydney Suburban Trains. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK.",,"Rail Human Factors: Supporting Reliability, Safety and Cost Reduction",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Traub, Paul;Fraser, Glenn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870255400,10.1016/j.ins.2012.09.032,IT Personnel Sourcing Decisions in IT Projects,"We generalize linguistic evaluation values and their weights in group decision-making (GDM) problems based on unbalanced linguistic terms. The GDM problems include two types of weights: belief degrees of linguistic evaluation values and experts' weights. Due to the time pressure and conflict of multi-source of information, etc., experts may have various evaluations values on alternatives. The belief degree is used to represent the confidence level of the values. The experts' weight is used to represent the differences among experts' importance which caused by experts' experience or knowledge distinction. We propose the weighted unbalanced linguistic aggregation operators to synthesize linguistic evaluation value, belief degree and experts' weights. Some desired properties of the operator are then studied, these properties show that the operator extends the linguistic weighted averaging operator (LWA) and the linguistic ordered weighted averaging (LOWA) operator. Finally, an illustrative example of human resource performance appraisal based on the linguistic aggregation operator is provided. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Group decision making | Linguistic aggregation operators | Performance appraisal | The weighted linguistic aggregation operator | Unbalanced linguistic terms,Information Sciences,2013-02-20,Article,"Meng, Dan;Pei, Zheng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873356609,10.1016/j.trf.2012.12.008,Fighting Technical Debt: Enabling Sustainable Productivity,"Transportation research has shown that impatience and time pressure are determining factors for traffic rule violation and risky behaviour. However, the situations provoking impatience have not yet been investigated in depth. One purpose of this study was to examine how different road stops might increase impatience. Another purpose was to measure the effects of time pressure on impatience as a function of these situations. Forty eight participants viewed eight films, shot from a driver's viewpoint, each ending with a situation in which the car had to stop in the road. Participants were invited to imagine that they were the driver, and asked to rate how their impatience evolved during the stops by moving a cursor. Guided imagery was used to induce time pressure in half of the participants. Our results indicate that impatience is a state of increased arousal and negative valence. A subtle appraisal process appears to determine when impatience is triggered and how it evolves during stops. In the current study both the triggering and the evolution of impatience were altered by situational features, especially stop-length estimates and emotions. Time pressure as a contextual or chronic factor was found to influence impatience. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Altruism | Driving | Emotions | Impatience | Time pressure,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2013-01-01,Article,"Naveteur, Janick;Cœugnet, Stéphanie;Charron, Camilo;Dorn, Lisa;Anceaux, Françoise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870977075,10.1080/13668803.2012.722013,Concept of a Server Based Open Source Backup Process with an Emphasis on IT Security,"What impact does out-sourcing childcare have on the time parents spend on paid work, domestic work and childcare, and how they share these tasks between themselves? Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey (TUS) 2006 we investigate the effects of formal and informal non-parental childcare on the time use of couples with children aged 0-4 years (N=348). We examine associations between non-parental care and (1) couples' combined time in paid work, domestic work and childcare, (2) parents' time separately by gender in paid work, domestic work and childcare (subdivided by activity type) and (3) parents' self-reported time pressure. Total workloads (the sum of paid work, domestic work and childcare) are neither higher nor lower when non-parental care is used, either for households combined or for each gender separately. The way time is spent, and how activities are divided by gender does differ, however. For mothers the use of any non-parental care and more hours in formal care is associated with more paid work hours, less childcare time and higher self-reported time pressure. Fathers' time is more constant, but they report higher subjective time pressure with increasing hours of formal non-parental care. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",father care | gendered division of labour | mother care | non-parental childcare | time pressure | time use survey,"Community, Work and Family",2013-02-01,Article,"Craig, Lyn;Powell, Abigail",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85003794663,10.1016/j.dss.2016.09.008,Governing the fiduciary relationship in information security services,"We propose a model of security governance that draws upon agency theory to conceptualize the InfoSec function as a fiduciary for business users. We introduce a ternary typology of governance and test the efficacy of governance on goal congruence and information asymmetry. Our survey of information security managers finds that: (1) governance enhances goal congruence but does not impact information asymmetry, and (2) perceived information security service effectiveness is positively related to both information asymmetry and goal congruence. Contrary to what agency theory suggests, in the InfoSec context, information asymmetry can be exactly what is needed to enhance the principal's welfare. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.",Agency theory | Goal congruence | Information asymmetry | Information security | IT governance | Security governance | Stewardship theory,Decision Support Systems,2016-12-01,Article,"Wu, Yu “Andy”;Saunders, Carol S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872582735,10.1103/PhysRevE.87.012805,Managing Preliminary Requirements Information in Information Technology Projects,"To uncover an underlying mechanism of collective human dynamics, we survey more than 1.8 billion blog entries and observe the statistical properties of word appearances. We focus on words that show dynamic growth and decay with a tendency to diverge on a certain day. After careful pretreatment and the use of a fitting method, we found power laws generally approximate the functional forms of growth and decay with various exponents values between -0.1 and -2.5. We also observe news words whose frequencies increase suddenly and decay following power laws. In order to explain these dynamics, we propose a simple model of posting blogs involving a keyword, and its validity is checked directly from the data. The model suggests that bloggers are not only responding to the latest number of blogs but also suffering deadline pressure from the divergence day. Our empirical results can be used for predicting the number of blogs in advance and for estimating the period to return to the normal fluctuation level.",,"Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics",2013-01-11,Article,"Sano, Yukie;Yamada, Kenta;Watanabe, Hayafumi;Takayasu, Hideki;Takayasu, Misako",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907729062,10.1073/pnas.081074098,Business/it alignment: The impact of incentive plans on the development of shared vision,"This study compared the performance of cyclical and discrete movements in Fitts’ task simulated by a computer. Twenty male adults, between 25 and 30 years old, participated as volunteers in the study. The software Discrete Aiming Task (v.2.0) simulated the Fitts’ task, in the discrete and cyclical conditions, and provided the movement time (TM). It was manipulated 4 target widths and 3 distances between the targets to provide index of difficulties (ID) from 1 to 6 bits. The ANOVA TWO WAY, 3 (Conditions) x 6 (ID), with repeated measures in the last factor, compared the TM in the different conditions. Regression analysis verified the relationship between TM x ID. There were no significant differences between the conditions; the virtual environment and the mouse were used to explain such results. All movement conditions showed a straight relationship between TM x ID with R²>0.990. Therefore, Fitts’ law showed to be consistent, independently of the movement strategy performed.",Cyclical movement | Discrete movement | Fitts` law | Motor control | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Interamerican Journal of Psychology,2013-01-01,Article,"Balio, Tiago Cesar;Dascal, Juliana Bayeux;Marques, Inara;Rodrigues, Sergio Tosi;Okazaki, Victor Hugo Alves",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84906888165,10.1109/ICINIS.2013.25,AGENCY THEORY IMPLICATIONS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECT MANAGEMENT,"In this paper, we investigate the effects of aging (younger vs. older adults) on performance difference by the way that speed is tradeoff against accuracy in interacting with interface task. In order to assess the impact of a possible speed-accuracy tradeoff, user performance was observed under three different instructional sets i.e., accuracy (A), neutral (N), and speed (S) when steering on a circular track. Experimental results showed that the elderly group performed significantly less accurately for all three instruction sets and showed greater individual difference. The younger subjects were more influenced by instructions and performed more accurately. Implications for user interface design for older users, and for the evaluation of age effects in HCI generally are discussed. © 2013 IEEE.",Age-related effect | Elderly users | Human performance | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Steering task,"Proceedings - 2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, ICINIS 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Zhou, Xiaolei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85137242648,10.17705/1CAIS.05101,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,This article introduces the new Department of History for the journal Communications of the Association for Information Systems.,AIS | CAIS | History,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2022-01-01,Editorial,"Urbaczewski, Andrew",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1007/s10551-012-1273-y,"An Investigation into Time Pressure, Group Cohesion and Decision Making in Software Development Groups","Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874530700,10.1080/02678373.2013.761783,College of Business Administration,"Understanding the mechanisms of workflow interruptions is crucial for reducing employee strain and maintaining performance. This study investigates how interruptions affect perceptions of performance and irritation by employing a within-person approach. Such interruptions refer to intruding secondary tasks, such as requests for assistance, which occur within the primary task. Based on empirical evidence and action theory, it is proposed that the occurrence of interruptions is negatively related to satisfaction with one's own performance and positively related to forgetting of intentions and the experience of irritation. Mental demands and time pressure are proposed as mediators. Data were gathered from 133 nurses in German hospitals by means of a five-day diary study (four measurements taken daily; three during a morning work shift and one after work, in the evening). Multilevel analyses showed that workflow interruptions had detrimental effects on satisfaction with one's own performance, the forgetting of intentions, and irritation. The mediation effects of mental demands and time pressure were supported for irritation and (partially) supported for satisfaction with performance. They were not supported for the forgetting of intentions. These findings demonstrate the importance of reducing the time and mental demands associated with interruptions. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",diary study | irritation | mental demands | nurses | performance | time pressure | work stress | workflow interruptions,Work and Stress,2013-01-01,Article,"Baethge, Anja;Rigotti, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875541641,10.1007/s11205-012-0046-4,The Nature of Adherence to Planning–Systematic Review of Factors Influencing its Suitability as Criterion for IS Project Success,"In this article we consider the consequences of work-family reconciliation, in terms of the extent to which the adjustment of the labour market career to family demands (by women) contributes to a better work-life balance. Using the Flemish SONAR-data, we analyse how changes in work and family conditions between the age of 26 and 29 are related to changes in feelings of time pressure among young working women. More specifically, by using cross-lagged models and synchronous effects panel models, we analyse (1) how family and work conditions affect feelings of time pressure, as well as (2) reverse effects which may point to (working career) adjustment strategies of coping with time pressure. Our results show that of all the considered changes in working conditions following family formation (i. e. having children), only the reduction of working hours seems to improve work-family balance (i. e. reduces the experience of time pressure). Part-time work is both a response to high time pressure, and effectively lowers time pressure. The effect of part-time work is not affected by concomitant changes in the type of paid work, rather, work characteristics that increase time pressure increase the probability of reconciling work with family life by reducing the number of work hours. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.",Panel analysis | Part-time work | Time pressure | Work-family balance | Working conditions,Social Indicators Research,2013-05-01,Article,"Laurijssen, Ilse;Glorieux, Ignace",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85090148268,10.1111/radm.12435,Enhancing the Quality of Planning of Software Development Projects,"R&D plays a crucial role in developing new products, the commercialisation of which can drive corporate growth. Over three decades, research has focused the new product development (NPD) process and it is known that developing new products is a knowledge-intensive, risky activity. Since industry surveys show that many NPD projects, particularly software-based ones, fail to meet their schedules and objectives. Consequently, today’s R&D managers still need ways to plan and conduct NPD more effectively. Project-based Learning (PBL) – the generation of specific technical and process knowledge during and after a project – is a potential way to improve NPD. Therefore, this paper investigated the research question: Does PBL enhance the quality of planning in subsequent software development projects? The study used a sample of 47 software development projects at three multinational organisations. Significantly, the findings show that PBL does enhance the quality of planning of subsequent software development projects. In particular, the quality of planning is increased in projects with high levels of uncertainty; where team members work in a project-based structure with strong collaboration; and when the pressure to deliver projects is high. The contribution of the research at a theoretical level is that it identified an important link between learning and the quality of planning in subsequent NPD projects. At a practical level, the study identifies specific steps R&D managers can take to improve the performance of software development projects, with all their associated challenges.",,R and D Management,2021-11-01,Article,"Amaral Féris, Marco Antônio;Goffin, Keith;Zwikael, Ofer;Fan, Di",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84981366244,,Testing Software Development Project Productivity Model,"Why do workers take a chance and work from height without any safety protection? Is it because of their age, inexperience or lack of training? Is it to do with their risk perception or desire for risk taking and thrill seeking? Is it bad management style, poor safety culture or a substandard design? Does this happen everywhere around the globe or is it just one particular culture? To help us understand why there are different behavioural responses to hazards (e.g. working at height) in construction, we must first understand the factors that have affected that individual's decision-making. This paper presents early investigations taking place on a £1.6B project in the UK involving construction workers from many different backgrounds and nationalities. Through a process of literature exploration, a safety climate survey and focus group discussions, factors have been identified and explored to consider how they impact behaviours. The results suggest that time pressure, training, experience, risk perception, safety culture, culture and management are the factors most likely to be influencing behavioural responses of individuals. Time pressure is perhaps the most important factor as it was often regarded as having the greatest influence by the focus group. Survey results revealed 31% of 475 participants thought that alcohol and drugs were 'always' a factor in accidents, and hence this factor has somewhat surprisingly been identified as having a fairly significant influence. These factors will be further explored in future work using an ethnographic approach, which will yield significant insight from fine-grained, observational analysis on the project.",Behavioural safety | Human response | Time pressure,"Proceedings 29th Annual Association of Researchers in Construction Management Conference, ARCOM 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Oswald, David;Sherratt, Fred;Smith, Simon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905511735,,A CLOCKWORK ORgANisation: Proposing a new theory of organisational temporality,"In this article, we describe the offer assessment as an alternation of three treatment modes. These modes are: the experiential mode, heuristic mode and the deep mode. Each one of these modes occurs according to emotional states and time pressure variables. In addition, the behavioural intentions concerning the website are affected by this alternation. This research implies also a moderating impact of time pressure on the relationship between emotional states and depth of information processing. Finally, management implications are observed through the experimentation of this model in the practice.",Behavioural intentions | Commercial website | Emotional states | Offer assessment | Time pressure,"Creating Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Planning and Implementation - Proceedings of the 22nd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2013",2013-01-01,Article,"Béjaoui, Adel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Impact of Budget and Schedule Pressure on Software Development Cycle Time and Effort,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919607839,10.18267/j.pep.468,Manufacturing Management & Engineering,"In this paper I explain individual propensity to herding behaviour and its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task with the possibility to herd under different levels of time pressure. In the main treatments, subjects had a chance to revise their decision after seeing decisions of others, which I take as an indicator of herding behaviour. The main findings are that the propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure, although there could be an indirect effect through other variables, such as the time subjects spent revising the decision. Heart-rate significantly increased over the baseline during the performance of a task and its correlation to the subjectively stated level of stress was positive but very weak, which suggests that time pressure may not automatically induce stress but increase effort instead.",Experimental economics | Heart rate measurement | Herding | Personality traits,Prague Economic Papers,2013-01-01,Article,"Cingl, Lubomír",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896312455,10.2979/indjglolegstu.20.2.1223,Control Networks for Information Systems Development: Organizational and Agency Theory Perspectives,"Numerous studies document women's overrepresentation among those leaving the profession of law. Although research has documented high turnover among women lawyers, particularly from private practice, only a handful of studies have explored the factors precipitating the decision to leave. The main causal factors identified to date include difficulties associated with combining family life and law practice and problems of discrimination and blocked career advancement. In this paper, we analyze data from a longitudinal study of nearly 1,600 Canadian lawyers, surveyed across a twenty-year period. Using survival models to estimate the timing of transitions out of private practice, we examine factors precipitating exits from private practice. We find that women are leaving private practice at higher rates than men. These departures appear to be largely the consequence of organizational structures and a practice culture that remain resistant to flexible schedules, time gaps between jobs, and parental and other leaves. Yet, the careers of contemporary lawyers appear to be characterized by more job changes, discontinuity, and movement between sectors of practice than is commonly assumed. Our paper moves discussion beyond the work-family debate and motherhood, to examine the broader issues of institutional constraints on careers of both men and women in law and policy initiatives to encourage retention of legal talent in private practice. © Indiana University Maurer School of Law.",,Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kay, Fiona M.;Alarie, Stacey;Adjei, Jones",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975458052,10.1109/HICSS.2016.668,Seeking Technical Debt in Critical Software Development Projects: An Exploratory Field Study,"In recent years, the metaphor of technical debt has received considerable attention, especially from the agile community. Still, despite the fact that agile practices are increasingly used in critical domains, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the occurrence of technical debt in critical software development projects. The results of an exploratory field study conducted across several projects reveal that a variety of business and environmental factors cause the occurrence of technical debt in critical domains. Using Grounded Theory method, these factors are categorized as ambiguity of requirement, diversity of projects, inadequate knowledge management, and resource constraints to form a theoretical model. Following previous studies we suggest that integrating agile practices, such as iterative development, review meetings, and continuous testing, into common plan-driven processes enables development teams to better identify and manage technical debt.",Agile methods | Grounded theory | Software development | Technical debt,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2016-03-07,Conference Paper,"Ghanbari, Hadi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883493988,10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.08.002,Exploring Accounting Approaches in Support of Internal-use Software: A Multiple Case Study,"Dual-systems theorists posit distinct modes of reasoning. The intuition system reasons automatically and its processes are unavailable to conscious introspection. The deliberation system reasons effortfully while its processes recruit working memory. The current paper extends the application of such theories to the study of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with OCD often retain insight into their irrationality, implying dissociable systems of thought: intuition produces obsessions and fears that deliberation observes and attempts (vainly) to inhibit. To test the notion that dual-systems theory can adequately describe OCD, we obtained speeded and unspeeded risk judgments from OCD patients and non-anxious controls in order to quantify the differential effects of intuitive and deliberative reasoning. As predicted, patients deemed negative events to be more likely than controls. Patients also took more time in producing judgments than controls. Furthermore, when forced to respond quickly patients' judgments were more affected than controls'. Although patients did attenuate judgments when given additional time, their estimates never reached the levels of controls'. We infer from these data that patients have genuine difficulty inhibiting their intuitive cognitive system. Our dual-systems perspective is compatible with current theories of the disorder. Similar behavioral tests may prove helpful in better understanding related anxiety disorders. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Dual-systems theory | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Probability judgment | Risk perception,Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders,2013-01-01,Article,"Goldin, Gideon;Wout, Mascha van t.;Sloman, Steven A.;Evans, David W.;Greenberg, Benjamin D.;Rasmussen, Steven A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922707188,10.1109/ICRA.2011.5979637,A STUDY ON HUMANIZING SOFTWARE TEST EFFORT AND QUALITY.,"For improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time, Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology. Prior investigation focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified many factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from different CMM level 5 projects of reputed organizations, that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time were found. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. Testing is more than just debugging. The purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification and validation, or reliability estimation. Particularly regression testing is an expensive, but important, process. Unfortunately, there may be insufficient resources to allow for the re execution of all test cases during regression testing. In this situation, test cases are needed to be prioritized. Regression testing improves the effectiveness of regression by ordering the test cases so that the most beneficial are executed first. There are many studies on regression test case prioritization which mainly has focuses on Greedy Algorithms(GA). However, it is known that these algorithms may produce suboptimal results because they may construct results that denote only local minima within the search space. By contrast, meta heuristic and evolutionary search algorithms aim to avoid such problems. This paper addresses the problems of choice of fitness metric, characterization of landscape modality and determination of the most suitable search technique to apply. The empirical results replicate previous results concerning GA. The results show that GA perform well, although Greedy approaches are surprisingly effective given the multimodal nature of the landscape.",Capability Maturity Model (CMM) | Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) | Function Points (FP) | Greed Algorithms (GA) | Kilo Source Lines Of Code (KSLOC) | Total Quality Management (TQM),Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,2015-01-01,Article,"Srinivasan, N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870801003,10.1109/ICSSEM.2012.6340745,"Software Team Flexibility: Dimensions, Determinants and Effects","Recommendation systems in ecommerce may cause psychological reactance under some circumstances, which does harm to the consumers' acceptance to recommendations and even the satisfaction to the whole website. In combination with the theory of forced exposure and manipulative intent, we performed an experimental study to analyze the psychological reactance to online recommendations as well as the influence of time pressure. The result of our empirical research reveals that time pressure may influence the forced exposure and manipulative intent, and further act on the acceptance of recommendations. Our findings have implications to the online shops about how to plan recommendation services in an appropriate way, to reduce the customers' reactance and eventually to achieve a win-win result of improving both shopping experience and business performance. © 2012 IEEE.",Ecommerce | Psychological reactance | Recommendation servicess | Time pressure,"2012 3rd International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization, ICSEM 2012",2012-12-14,Conference Paper,"Wang, Yanping;Yan, Cheng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870759907,,"Calendar Tools: Current Practices, New Prototypes and Proposed Designs","In this paper, we focus on emergency resource allocation and emergency distribution problem in the aftermath of a large-scale disaster. We analyze some unique features of emergency response management and then we develop a series of models to capture these features. Firstly, we propose an exponential utility and delay cost function to model the time pressure feature of life saving and human suffering reduction. Secondly, we use a time-space network to capture the dynamic nature of the available supply and the demand requirement, which allows for the real-time information updated in each decision-making epoch. Thirdly, we develop an integrated model by jointing the utilitybased resource allocation model with the time-space-based distribution model. Finally, we use numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed model. © 2012 ISSN 2185-2766.",Emergency response | Exponential delay cost | Exponential utility | Large-scale disaster | Time-space network,"ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications",2012-12-13,Article,"Jiang, Yiping;Zhao, Lindu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877753181,10.1186/s13040-014-0034-0,Understanding the Impact of Indirect System Use in the hospital: A Control Perspective,,Contingent negative variation | Linear ballistic accumulation | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, ICCM 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Boehm, Udo;Van Maanen, Leendert;Forstmann, Birte;Van Rijn, Hedderik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870292878,10.1111/j.1742-7924.2011.00201.x,An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Offshore Systems Development,"Aim: The rapidly rising number of older people has inevitably caused an increasing demand for home visiting nurses. Nursing managers must develop a healthy workplace to recruit and retain a workforce of nurses. This study focused on home visiting nurses' perceptions of time pressure as a changeable work demand. The aim was to investigate perceptions of time pressure and reveal the relationship between perceived time pressure and burnout among home visiting nurses. Methods: From 32 agencies in three districts, 28 home visiting nurses agreed to participate in this study. Two hundred and eight home visiting nurses received an anonymous self-administered questionnaire by mail, and 177 (85.1%) filled out and returned the questionnaire to the researchers. The Job Demands-Resources model for burnout, which explains the relationship between a work environment and employee well-being, was used as a conceptual guide. Three survey instruments were employed: questions on sociodemographic variables and worksite environments, including time pressure; the Japanese burnout inventory; and a Japanese version of the job content questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between time pressure and burnout inventory scores. Results: About 30% of home visiting nurses perceived time pressure frequently. When home visiting nurses perceived time pressure more frequently, they experienced higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusion: Time pressure was often perceived as another job demand and had a significant relationship with burnout. This indicates the importance of lessening time pressure to develop healthy work places for community health nurses. © 2012 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.",Burnout | Home visiting nurse | Job demands-resources model | Time pressure,Japan Journal of Nursing Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Naruse, Takashi;Taguchi, Atsuko;Kuwahara, Yuki;Nagata, Satoko;Watai, Izumi;Murashima, Sachiyo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928392897,10.1007/s13369-015-1597-x,Measuring Flexibility in Software Project Schedules,"The complexity of software projects is growing with the increasing complexity of software systems. The pressure to fit schedules within shorter periods of time leads to initial project schedules with a complex logic. These schedules are often highly susceptible to any subsequent delays in project activities. Thus, techniques need to be developed to determine the quality of a software project schedule. Most of the existing measures of schedule quality define the goodness of a schedule in terms of its network complexity. However, these measures fail to estimate the flexibility of a schedule, that is, the extent to which a schedule can withstand delays without requiring extensive changes. The relatively few schedule flexibility measures that exist in literature suffer from several drawbacks such as lack of a theoretical foundation, not having a definite scale and not being able to distinguish between schedules with similar network topologies. In this paper, we address these issues by defining two flexibility measures for software project schedules, namely path shift and value shift, which, respectively, predict the impact of changes in activity durations on the critical paths and the critical value of a schedule. Inspired by the notion of betweenness centrality, these measures are theoretically sound, have a well-defined scale, and require little computational effort. Furthermore, by several examples and two real-life software project case studies, we demonstrate that these measures outperform the existing flexibility measures in clearly discriminating between the flexibility of software project schedules having very similar topologies.",Betweenness centrality | Schedule flexibility | Social network analysis | Software project | Software project schedule,Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2015-05-01,Article,"Khan, Muhammad Ali;Mahmood, Sajjad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887243030,10.1108/S1534-0856(2012)0000015015,Modeling the effects of project staffing on software project performance,"Purpose - The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question of whether there is an optimal level of time pressure in groups. Design/approach - We argue that distinguishing performance from pproductivity is a necessary step toward the eventual goal of being able to determine optimal deadlines and ideal durations of meetings. We review evidence of time pressure's differential effects on performance and pproductivity. Findings - Based on our survey of the literature, we find that time pressure generally impairs performance because it places constraints on the capacity for thought and action that limit exploration and increase reliance on welllearned or heuristic strategies. Thus, time pressure increases speed at the expense of quality. However, performance is different from pproductivity. Giving people more time is not always better for pproductivity because time spent on a task yields decreasing marginal returns to performance. Originality/value of chapter - The evidence reviewed here suggests that setting deadlines wisely can help maximize pproductivity. © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Deadlines | Performance | Pproductivity | Time pressure,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2012-12-01,Article,"Moore, Don A.;Tenney, Elizabeth R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873427333,10.1177/1071181312561078,웹 환경에서의 정보 시각화와 의사결정과의 상관관계,"Research on the effects of negative emotions on risk assessment profiles in decision making has shown that emotions significantly impact the perception of risk; anger reduces perceived risk, fear heightens perceived risk, and sorrow leads to more logical and objective decision making. Another situational factor that influences operator performance is time pressure, which in general is not an optimal condition for decision making. Participants performed a simulated airline luggage screening task under varying time pressures after being primed with emotion-inducing stimuli (anger, fear, or sorrow respectively). Operator performance was assessed using fuzzy signal detection theory (FSDT) analyses to evaluate the impact of various negative emotions and time pressure on performance in a visual threat detection paradigm. It was anticipated that the added cognitive stressors of negative affect and time pressure would induce more lowconfidence target-present responses (i.e., low r; near miss), albeit to differing degrees due to the distinctive effects of different negative emotions. These findings have implications for the training and performance enhancement of luggage screening operators, and, in turn, air transportation security.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Culley, Kimberly E.;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870042946,10.1080/09593969.2012.711256,"Essays on Competition, Innovation and Firm Strategy in Digital Markets","This article deals with the influence of time pressure and time orientation on consumers' multichannel shopping behaviour. Previous studies have documented the role of time pressure on customers' channel choice in developed countries, without examining the moderating effects of time orientation on the relationship between perceived time pressure and consumers' attitudes towards online/offline channels. To fill this gap, this article aims to investigate the combined influences of time pressure and time orientation on consumers' attitude towards both online and offline shopping. The results show that time pressure helps consumers form more favourable attitudes towards online shopping than towards offline shopping. Further, the effect of time pressure on consumers' channel attitudes depends on one's time orientations. The implications for marketing channel strategies and market segmentation in Asian emerging markets are discussed. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Chinese cosmetic market | online and offline shopping | time orientation | time pressure,"International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research",2012-12-01,Article,"Xu-Priour, Dong Ling;Cliquet, Gérard;Fu, Guoqun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873144574,10.1109/ISVLSI.2004.1339508,문제해결 성과를 향상시키기 위한 부연 (敷衍) 정보의 역할에 관한 실증연구,"The safe operation of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) has been a critical issue due to the possible catastrophic consequences and increasing public concern. As the majority of accidents were directly or indirectly resulted from human errors, human factors engineering is of essential importance to system safety. Time availability is one of the important factors that could significantly influence operators' performance. However, for the newly developed computer-based systems in NPP main control rooms, current understanding of time availability on the performance of the operators using these systems is still very limited. In addition, the same time availability may cause different pressure on individuals because of their different proficiency level. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of absolute time availability (same time limit for all participants) and relative time availability (time limit determined according to individual performance, a better reflection of time pressure) on operators' performance when executing a computerized emergency operating procedure (EOP) for NPP. For both kinds of time availability, five levels were set for each step in the EOP. A total of 60 students majored in engineering participated in the experiment. They were randomly assigned into 5 groups (each for one level of the time availability) and completed the EOP task in a lab setting. The data of error rate, operation time, and subjective workload were analyzed. The curves of performance change with time availability were generated. The results indicated that both absolute and relative time availability had significant effects on EOP performance. The curves of error rate and operation time under relative time availability levels were similar to those under absolute time availability levels, but the relative time availability levels always had higher error rate and less operation time. Generally, higher subjective workload was observed under higher time pressure. Copyright © (2012) by IAPSAM & ESRA.",EOP | Performance | Time availability | Time pressure,"11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Fei;Dong, Xiaolu;Li, Zhizhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872169709,10.3788/OPE.20122012.2744,"台灣與大陸在 ERP 專案管理, 專案成員向心力與離心力的不同之處","To obtain pL class adhesive drop to match the micro parts in size, three kinds of micro drop making mechanisms, injection, bubble jetting, and needle transfer, were analyzed. A pL class adhesive dispensing approach based on time-pressure dispensing was present, then pL class adhesive spots were obtained by online visual monitoring of the spot diameter, and controlling the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. The effects of three factors mentioned above on the adhesive spot size were experimented, and this technique combined with a micromanipulation system were used in Inertial Confinement Fosion(ICF) experiments to bond a fill tube and a capsule together for the cryogenic targets. The results show that the adhesive spot diameter is proportional to the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. When the internal diameter of needle tip, pressure and time are controlled to be 1.2 μm, 0 psi, and 8~10 s, the adhesive volume and diameter will be less than 3pL and 40 μm, respectively.",Adhesive dispensing | Micro adhesive bonding | Micro assembly | pL class adhesive drop | Time-pressure,Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering,2012-12-01,Article,"Shi, Ya Li;Li, Fu Dong;Yang, Xin;Zhang, Zheng Tao;Xu, De",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887485176,10.1109/LES.2010.2044365,Robert D. Austin:,"There were few data for spot of the difference searching skilled on eye movement. Especially, it was unknown how to view and recognition of spot difference quickly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of spot the difference due to the time pressure tasks. Twelve students participated in this study (average 21 years old). Every subject equipped eye movement apparatus recorder (NAC EMR-9, Tokyo Japan), it was displayed gaze point of spot the difference as the stimulus pictures. The attention stimuli was same two photos it's has spot the difference. The device was measured the spot of the difference as x and y coordinated. It was within one minute to each one recorded searching behavior. After recording gaze and eye movement coordinate apparatus was analyzed it with analytical software (EMR-dFactory ver2.12b, Tokyo Japan). The results of this study were the findings of major two skilled patterns. They gaze tracking one side that was not easily to find out the spot of difference like as inattentional blindness. And it was too quickly eye gaze movement to detected difference. The other it was equal time and trajectory on right and left stimulus picture. © 2012 IADIS.",Behavior in visual search | Gaze movement | Sport of difference,"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2012, IHCI 2012, Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Game and Entertainment Technologies 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sato, Takeshi;Kato, Macky;Watanabe, Takayuki;Yasuoka, Hiroshi;Sugahara, Atsushi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863844447,10.1016/j.ssci.2011.11.004,Corporate information strategy and management: text and cases,"Aquaculture is the most accident exposed industry in Norway, after fisheries.Interviews and observations of 55 persons in twelve aquaculture companies indicate that management rely on operating workers to make all safety-decisions in the operations, for both their biological product and themselves. Still, there is no published research about aquaculture decision-making.Given the reliance in decisions on the net cages, and the industry's accident rate, it seems important to investigate how and why safety-related decisions are made. This paper explores criteria and constraints for decision-making in sharp end operations at fish farms. Two common situations with risk of loss are described and analyzed according to relevant research:. •Net cage damage discovered during feeding. How to manage both planned tasks and necessary modifications?•The well boat crew must get the fish to the harvesting plant, but the weather is bad. How to handle tasks, time pressure and unstable conditions?The findings show that decision-makers often neglect personnel safety on behalf of product safety. Even though criteria and constraints largely coincide with theory and are similar in the two example operations, the personnel safety outcome is different. In daily operations there is major risk for the operating personnel, while in the rare well boat operations the conditions best for the fish also prevent personnel harm.When dealing with a biological production process ordinary safety measures are inadequate - because when activities need to be done at the exact right time for the product to be profitable, personnel safety comes second. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.",Aquaculture | Decision-making | Fish farm | Safety | Sharp end decision settings,Safety Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Størkersen, Kristine Vedal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748883711,10.1109/BDIM.2007.375007,Measuring and Managing Performance in Organizations,"Incident management is the process through which the IT support organization manages to restore normal service operation as quickly as possible and with minimum disruption to the business. One of the ultimate measures of an IT support organization's success is the amount of time it takes to resolve an incident. Reducing this value not only reduces total cost and resource allocation but also increases customer satisfaction, which is one of the most important measures of a support center's performance. However, the support organization is often unable to collect data on their performance, let alone experiment with the consequences of reshuffling the organization and playing with alternative staffing levels. In this paper, we present our approach to assessing and improving the performance of an IT support organization in managing service incidents, based on the definition of a set of performance metrics and a methodology for guided analysis that allows a user to find the root causes of poor performance and decide on corrective actions to be taken. We provide validation of the approach by discussing its application a real-life case study of a leading IT provider for the airline industry. © 2007 IEEE.",Business-driven IT management (BDIM) | Business-oriented performance measures | Data warehousing | Decision support | Incident management | Information technology infrastructure library (ITIL) | Modeling | Performance evaluation,"Second IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management, BDIM 2007",2007-10-01,Conference Paper,"Barash, Gilad;Bartolini, Claudio;Wu, Liya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873440800,10.1177/1071181312561102,Artful making: What managers need to know about how artists work,"Cognitive Engineering methods were developed to enable human factors practitioners to understand and systematically support the cognitive work of people working ""at the sharp end of the spear."" Military members for whom DoD acquisition organizations develop systems are the quintessential ""sharp end of the spear."" This panel is proposed to share present-day experience from military and industry reflecting how pervasively Cognitive Engineering is contributing to research and development for the highly complex military systems being operated under conditions of stress, time pressure, and uncertainty today. The implications for human factors practitioners will be highlighted, both in terms of practices to continue and areas for improvement. Copyright 2012 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dominguez, Cynthia O.;McDermott, Patricia;Shattuck, Lawrence;Savage-Knepshield, Pamela;Nemeth, Christopher;Draper, Mark;Moore, Kristin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871175750,10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01839.x,Corporate Information Strategy and Management: The Challenges of Managing in a Network Economy (Paperback version),"Previous research has shown that people err when making decisions aided by probability information. Surprisingly, there has been little exploration into the accuracy of decisions made based on many commonly used probabilistic display methods. Two experiments examined the ability of a comprehensive set of such methods to effectively communicate critical information to a decision maker and influence confidence in decision making. The second experiment investigated the performance of these methods under time pressure, a situational factor known to exacerbate judgmental errors. Ten commonly used graphical display methods were randomly assigned to participants. Across eight scenarios in which a probabilistic outcome was described, participants were asked questions regarding graph interpretation (e.g., mean) and made behavioral choices (i.e., act; do not act) based on the provided information indicated that decision-maker accuracy differed by graphical method; error bars and boxplots led to greatest mean estimation and behavioral choice accuracy whereas complementary cumulative probability distribution functions were associated with the highest probability estimation accuracy. Under time pressure, participant performance decreased when making behavioral choices. © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.",Decision making | Graphical communication | Probability | Risk management | Uncertainty,Risk Analysis,2012-12-01,Article,"Edwards, John A.;Snyder, Frank J.;Allen, Pamela M.;Makinson, Kevin A.;Hamby, David M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642303881,10.1080/00140139.2012.718802,The myth of secure computing,"Few senior executives pay a whole lot of attention to computer security. They either hand off responsibility to their technical people or bring in consultants. But given the stakes involved, an arm's-length approach is extremely unwise. According to industry estimates, security breaches affect 90% of all businesses every year and cost some $17 billion. Fortunately, the authors say, senior executives don't need to learn about the more arcane aspects of their company's IT systems in order to take a hands-on approach. Instead, they should focus on the familiar task of managing risk. Their role should be to assess the business value of their information assets, determine the likelihood that those assets will be compromised, and then tailor a set of risk abatement processes to their company's particular vulnerabilities. This approach, which views computer security as an operational rather than a technical challenge, is akin to a classic quality assurance program in that it attempts to avoid problems rather than fix them and involves all employees, not just IT staffers. The goal is not to make computer systems completely secure-that's impossible-but to reduce the business risk to an acceptable level. This article looks at the types of threats a company is apt to face. It also examines the processes a general manager should spearhead to lessen the likelihood of a successful attack. The authors recommend eight processes in all, ranging from deciding how much protection each digital asset deserves to insisting on secure software to rehearsing a response to a security breach. The important thing to realize, they emphasize, is that decisions about digital security are not much different from other cost-benefit decisions. The tools general managers bring to bear on other areas of the business are good models for what they need to do in this technical space.",,Harvard Business Review,2003-06-01,Review,"Austin, Robert D.;Darby, Christopher A.R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872321538,10.1109/WCRE.2012.56,Enterprise resource planning (ERP): Technology note,"In current, typical software development projects, hundreds of developers work asynchronously in space and time and may introduce anti-patterns in their software systems because of time pressure, lack of understanding, communication, and - or skills. Anti-patterns impede development and maintenance activities by making the source code more difficult to understand. Detecting anti-patterns incrementally and on subsets of a system could reduce costs, effort, and resources by allowing practitioners to identify and take into account occurrences of anti-patterns as they find them during their development and maintenance activities. Researchers have proposed approaches to detect occurrences of anti-patterns but these approaches have currently four limitations: (1) they require extensive knowledge of anti-patterns, (2) they have limited precision and recall, (3) they are not incremental, and (4) they cannot be applied on subsets of systems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce SMURF, a novel approach to detect anti-patterns, based on a machine learning technique - support vector machines - and taking into account practitioners' feedback. Indeed, through an empirical study involving three systems and four anti-patterns, we showed that the accuracy of SMURF is greater than that of DETEX and BDTEX when detecting anti-patterns occurrences. We also showed that SMURF can be applied in both intra-system and inter-system configurations. Finally, we reported that SMURF accuracy improves when using practitioners' feedback. © 2012 IEEE.",Anti-pattern | empirical software engineering | program comprehension | program maintenance,"Proceedings - Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Maiga, Abdou;Ali, Nasir;Bhattacharya, Neelesh;Sabané, Aminata;Guéhéneuc, Yann Gaël;Aimeur, Esma",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874709722,10.1109/FIE.2012.6462393,Research commentary—weighing the benefits and costs of flexibility in making software: toward a contingency theory of the determinants of development process design,"For many scholars conference papers are a stepping stone to submitting a journal article. However with increasing time pressures for presentation at conferences, peer review may in practice be the only developmental opportunity from conference attendance. Hence it could be argued that the most important opportunity to acquire the standards and norms of the discipline and develop researchers' judgement is the peer review process - but this depends on the quality of the reviews. In this paper we report the findings of an ongoing study into the peer review process of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) annual conference. We began by examining the effectiveness of reviews of papers submitted to the 2010 conference in helping authors to improve and/or address issues in their research. Authors were also given the chance to rate their reviews and we subsequently analysed both the nature of the reviews and authors' responses. Findings suggest that the opportunity to use the peer review process to induct people into the field and improve research methods and practice was being missed with almost half of the reviews being rated as 'ineffectual'. Authors at the 2011 AAEE conference confirmed the findings from the 2010 data. The results demonstrate the lack of a shared understanding in our community of what constitutes quality research. In this paper in addition to the results of the above-mentioned studies we report the framework being adopted by the AAEE community to develop criteria to be applied at future conferences and describe the reviewer activity aimed at increasing understanding of standards and developing judgement to improve research quality within our engineering education community. © 2012 IEEE.",engineering education research | peer review | research quality,"Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gardner, Anne;Willey, Keith;Jolly, Lesley;Tibbits, Gregory",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872569055,10.1287/orsc.1110.0681,Accidental innovation: Supporting valuable unpredictability in the creative process,"Historical accounts of human achievement suggest that accidents can play an important role in innovation. In this paper, we seek to contribute to an understanding of how digital systems might support valuable unpredictability in innovation processes by examining how innovators who obtain value from accidents integrate unpredictability into their work. We describe an inductive, grounded theory project, based on 20 case studies, that looks into the conditions under which people who make things keep their work open to accident, the degree to which they rely on accidents in their work, and how they incorporate accidents into their deliberate processes and arranged surroundings. By comparing makers working in varied conditions, we identify specific factors (e.g., technologies, characteristics of technologies) that appear to support accidental innovation. We show that makers in certain specified conditions not only remain open to accident but also intentionally design their processes and surroundings to invite and exploit valuable accidents. Based on these findings, we offer advice for the design of digital systems to support innovation processes that can access valuable unpredictability. © 2012 informs.",Accidental discovery | Accidental innovation | Accidental invention | Design of information systems | Digital technology | Innovation | Serendipity,Organization Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Devin, Lee;Sullivan, Erin E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874453400,10.1109/MC.2013.31,When it should not work but does: Anomalies of high performance,"Lean construction principles emphasize indistinctively streamlining construction processes, being them part of the initial stages of construction or as suggested by Justin- Time (JIT) concentrated nearer to customers taking possession of the new building. Every new project offers an opportunity to start afresh with better management techniques and it might be taken that this earlier period, free from time pressures to hand over the building, is more receptive for the application of lean concepts, as compared to latter stages. As a hypothesis, it is believed that cash flow could be jeopardized and the strategic decision to leave greater proportion of work for the end of construction might decrease the effect of ongoing lean management techniques or require greater efforts in connection to them. This research work investigates the application of lean construction principles on a 16,800sqm construction site in Fortaleza, Brazilian northeast, investigating performance outcomes as related to management lean grading according to a questionnaire developed by Hofacker (2008). It concludes that work disruptions, rework and making ready activities near to the end of the construction period accumulates and lean grading decreases when it is possibly most needed to deliver customers the required quality.",Final stages of construction | Interaction | Lean construction,IGLC 2012 - 20th Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"De Vasconcelos, Iuri A.;Soares, Marcella F.;Heineck, Luiz Fernando M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873602607,10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404859,"Cisco Systems, Inc: Implementing ERP","Precise positioning of whales and other species in space and time is a key requirement for marine mammal research. It has been an elusive goal for years. We have developed a stereo camera based measurement system to meet the requirement. We have obtained preliminary results, and will describe ongoing improvements. The sounds of marine animals can be localized using multiple hydrophones. If these hydrophones are part of tags (like the DTAG) attached to individual animals, sometimes it is possible to identify which call is made by which individual. However, when social animals like pilot whales are very close together, it becomes very difficult to identify which individual is vocalizing. This is a critical problem for studies of marine mammal communication: we are not able to link the acoustic and tag data with the behavioral observations because we cannot accurately pinpoint where specific animals are in space, either on their own or relative to other animals. Precisely positioning the whales in space and time is also necessary to measure social cohesion, the critical variable for assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on many vulnerable marine mammals. Current thought suggests that social whales, such as pilot whales, adopt a social defense strategy, grouping closer together under threat. Thus, of the dozens of sound and noise impact studies conducted on marine mammals throughout the world attempt to assess changes in cohesion during exposure to sound. However, they all estimate inter-animal distance by eye, something that is notoriously difficult and imprecise. In short, there is currently no accurate way to measure the fundamental variable that these millions of dollars of fieldwork are trying to assess. Positioning individual body parts instead of whole animals in space and time would allow precise mensuration of body part ratios, an essential statistic for assessing health and fat reserves that is currently difficult to measure in the field. Numerous techniques have been tried to address the geopositioning requirement, none have been wholly satisfactory. We developed a battery powered stereo camera system, integrated with a GPS receiver, an attitude reference system, and a laptop computer, and collected calibrated stereo imagery from a surface vessel. The stereo camera we used initially was an off the shelf firewire based system, originally intended for machine vision purposes. It was selected in part because of time pressures on development, and proved to have too short of a baseline for the precise work demanded by the scientific requirements. Other constraints of the off the shelf system made it difficult to accommodate lighting conditions in the bright marine environment, and we have since moved to a custom system. This custom system has many features in common with stereo systems we have developed for underwater use, shortening development time and testing. These common features include camera models and interface, calibration techniques and software elements, all of which will be described. Custom software has been developed for geopositioning of targets in the stereo overlap area. By differencing of positions of multiple targets, it becomes possible to achieve precise mensuration of body parts and sizes. These measurements can be made using both monoscopic viewing of two simultaneously collected images, or if three-dimensional viewing hardware is available, in stereo. © 2012 IEEE.",behavior | geocoding | Photogrammetry | stereo,OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE: Harnessing the Power of the Ocean,2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Howland, Jonathan C.;MacFarlane, Nicholas B.W.;Tyack, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862331903,10.1016/B978-0-12-374714-3.00016-1,"Measuring operations performance: past, present and future","This chapter summarizes and integrates the literature that has addressed the effects of contextual conditions on employee creativity. Substantial evidence suggests that employee creativity contributes to an organization's growth, effectiveness, and survival. Given the potential significance of employee creativity for the growth and effectiveness of organizations, it is not surprising that a wealth of recent studies have examined the possibility that there are personal and contextual conditions that serve to enhance (or restrict) the creativity employees exhibit at work. Most contemporary theorists define creativity as the production of ideas concerning products, practices, services, or procedures that are novel or original and potentially useful to the organization. Ideas are considered novel if they are unique relative to other ideas currently available in the organization. Ideas are considered useful if they have the potential for direct or indirect value to the organization, in either the short- or long-term. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Competition | Conflict | Creativity | Goal setting | Job design | Leadership | Networks | Rewards | Time pressure,Handbook of Organizational Creativity,2012-12-01,Book Chapter,"Oldham, Greg R.;Baer, Markus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899324360,10.4018/978-1-60960-863-7.ch005,How to manage ERP initiatives,"This chapter addresses the fundamental question of how the didactic approach can help in managing the impediments and fallouts in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of ERP especially for the societal progress. Further the role of e-initiative is inbuilt in its advocacy for effective delivery. The building blocks of any institution are individuals who must have training in ethics and morality. This is a normative and idealistic analysis but predestined due to continually changing socio-economic dynamics of complex society in modern times. It proposes ERP III with moral epicentre assuming that humanity can be attained if individuals are trained in the moralistic values which eventually redefine the entrepreneurial goals such that it adopts befitting approach in pursuing the specific targets. It includes three sub-areas first focusing on conceptual prologue of ERP, introductory note about didactic approach to see how it directly affects the existing schemes of individuals in the organization; second the major strategic inconsistencies along with finding out the reasons for these irregular variations; and third deals with the e-solutions managing these inconsistencies by designing and planning for institutions in a prudent manner. Precisely, this chapter highlights concept, strategic paradoxes, rebuilding through didactic approach by e-initiative and prognostic strategy for ERP III. © 2012, IGI Global.",,Strategic Enterprise Resource Planning Models for E-Government: Applications and Methodologies,2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Sharma, Sangeeta",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886451868,,Skill in games,"The increasing use of Information Technology devices coupled with the time pressures that characterize modern life have transformed multitasking from an occasional behavior into a habit. In light of this change, a new theory is needed to explain why and how people multitask in an IT-enriched world. To this end, this paper develops a theory of multitasking behavior and identifies the causes, consequences, and patterns that characterize it. The core of the theory is the articulation of a typology of technology enactment shifts where ongoing tasks are fragmented and integrated with others due to internal or external triggers. The theory puts forth a set of propositions to explicate the causal logic for multitasking patterns and the likely performance consequences associated with them. This new theoretical view of multitasking has the potential to affect the design of systems and interfaces, to inform user behavior research, and to enrich human-computer interaction studies.",Human-Computer Interaction | Multitasking | User Behavior,"International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Benbunan-Fich, Raquel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026989505,,20 The future of performance measurement: Measuring knowledge work,"A fuzzy logic controller has been developed to track a single nonmaneuvering target. The fuzzy controller simplifies the problem by analyzing the azimuth and elevation movements independently. The performance of the controller has been optimized primarily for error and secondarily for computation time. The resulting system is a multi-input single-output, single-closed-loop proportional controller with the platform drive motor voltage as the feedback variable. Results are summarized from experiments. The heuristic rulebase learning programs and the membership function shape are discussed. Small improvements in error reduction can be made by changing the membership functions but the most significant improvements resulted from improved rulebase learning.",,,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Schneider, Dale E.;Wang, Paul P.;Togai, Masaki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928355483,10.1017/CBO9780511805097.005,Measuring performance: The operations perspective,"This chapter explores performance measurement from an operations perspective. Members of the operations management community have been interested in performance measurement - at both the strategic and the tactical level - for decades. Wickham Skinner, widely credited with the development of the operations strategy framework, for example, observed in 1974: A factory cannot perform well on every yardstick. There are a number of common standards for measuring manufacturing performance. Among these are short delivery cycles, superior product quality and reliability, dependable delivery promises, ability to produce new products quickly, flexibility in adjusting to volume changes, low investment and hence higher return on investment, and low costs. These measures of manufacturing performance necessitate trade-offs - certain tasks must be compromised to meet others. They cannot all be accomplished equally well because of the inevitable limitations of equipment and process technology. Such trade-offs as costs versus quality or short delivery cycles versus low inventory investment are fairly obvious. Other trade-offs, while less obvious, are equally real. They involve implicit choices in establishing manufacturing policies. (Skinner, 1974, 115) Skinner's early work on operations (initially manufacturing) strategy influenced a generation of researchers, all of whom subsequently explored the question of how to align operations policies with operations objectives (see, for example, Hayes and Wheelwright, 1984; Hayes, Wheelwright and Clark, 1988; Hill, 1985; Mills, Platts and Gregory, 1995; Platts and Gregory, 1990; Slack and Lewis, 2001). It was during this phase of exploration that the operations management community's interest in performance measurement was probably at its peak, with numerous authors asking how organizational performance measurement systems could be aligned with operations strategies (for a comprehensive review of these works, see Neely, Gregory and Platts, 1995).",,"Business Performance Measurement: Unifying Theories and Integrating Practice, Second Edition",2007-01-01,Book Chapter,"Neely, Andy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Creating business advantage in the information age,,,Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Burns, Ethan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868286218,10.1109/SEANES.2012.6299556,"The Adventures of an IT Leader, Updated Edition with a New Preface by the Authors","Occupational driving has often been associated with a high prevalence of neck pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal disorders among professional non-government city male bus drivers. One hundred ten (110) bus drivers were consecutively enrolled in the study. The modified Nordic questionnaire was used as a basis for data collection during 12 months. The associations between individual characteristics, workstation and organizational risk factors for neck pain and the associations between 12-month prevalence of neck pain and prevalence of pain in adjacent regions were examined. The 12-month prevalence of neck pain was the second highest, followed by: lower back, upper back, hand, shoulder, wrist and elbow pain. The main cases of neck pain were: Strenuous and monotonous job, time pressure, prolonged working hours, low income and excessive work pressure. Consequently these factors affected bus drivers' health and work performance. © 2012 IEEE.",Bus drivers | ergonomics | musculoskeletal disorders | neck pain | psychosocial risk factors,"2012 Southeast Asian Network of Ergonomics Societies Conference: Ergonomics Innovations Leveraging User Experience and Sustainability, SEANES 2012",2012-11-07,Conference Paper,"Dev, Samrat;Gangopadhyay, Somnath",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349841167,10.5465/AMLE.2009.44287935,The technology manager's journey: An extended narrative approach to educating technical leaders,"Technology management poses particular challenges for educators because it requires facility with different kinds of knowledge and wide-ranging learning abilities. We report on the development and delivery of an information technology (IT) management course designed to address these challenges. Our approach is built around a narrative, the ""IVK extended case series,"" a fictitious but reality-based story about a newly appointed, not-technically-trained chief information officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. We designed the course around a narrative and composed the narrative in a specific way to achieve two key objectives. First, this format allowed us to combine the active student orientation typical of case-based approaches with the systematic construction of cumulative theoretical frameworks more characteristic of lecture-based methods. Second, basing the narrative on the monomyth, a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world, encourages students to more fully inhabit the story's hero, which leads to fuller engagement and more active learning. We report results using this approach with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities located in different countries, and with executives at a major multinational corporation and an open enrollment program at a major business school. Student course feedback and a follow-up survey administered about 1 year after the course suggest that the extended narrative approach mostly achieves its design objectives. We suggest that the approach might be used more widely in teaching technology management, particularly with ""digital natives,"" who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment competing for their attention. © 2009 Academy of Management Learning & Education.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Nolan, Richard;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869193452,10.1080/01973533.2012.728118,Estrategia y gestión de la información corporativa: los retos de gestión en una economía en red,"Population surveys suggest that the general public stigmatizes persons with mental illness less than in the past. However, implicit attitude measures find that immediate reactions to mentally ill persons are still negative among both the general public and people diagnosed with mental illness. Time-course data suggest that these reactions may be dynamic, with immediate negative reactions becoming less prejudicial over time. We manipulated time pressures imposed upon social judgments about a mentally ill person. Participants perceived a mentally ill person as dangerous when forced to respond quickly; participants given ample time to respond were less likely to have this perception. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,Basic and Applied Social Psychology,2012-11-01,Article,"Wesselmann, Eric D.;Reeder, Glenn D.;Pryor, John B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867971952,10.1007/11527886_29,IBM corporation turnaround,"As part of their technology strategy formulation, firms need ways to evaluate their internal technological innovation capability more effectively. Traditionally, staff meetings with personnel involved in the innovation process are used to manage the implementation of these self-assessments. The effectiveness of these meetings may be compromised by the presence of dominant personalities, by time pressures, or by bias imposed through organizational hierarchy. In this study, a technological innovation audit that encourages participation of the staff involved in innovative developments is proposed. The audit is composed of a list of statements aimed at assessing the capability of a firm to make such technological innovations. The audit is online for a predefined period of time, allowing participants to answer anonymously, make comments and check other participants' answers. They then repeat the process, altering answers as desired, as in an adapted Real Time Delphi survey. This new form of audit has been tested in a medium-sized producer of sheet metal processing equipment, and has proven to be a useful approach in firms with no formal innovation department or team. It provides a solid basis for the identification of inner strengths and weaknesses in the technological innovation process, and also offers a bottom up view free from social pressures. © 2012 IEEE.",,"2012 Proceedings of Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies, PICMET'12",2012-11-01,Conference Paper,"Santos, Cláudio;Araújo, Madalena;Correia, Nuno",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-25444495834,10.1007/BF00144630,The unintended consequences of micromanagement: the case of procuring mission critical computer resources,,,Policy Sciences,1992-02-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Larkey, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67049108637,10.1057/jit.2009.1,"Creative, convergent, and social: Prospects for mobile computing","This paper highlights the over-arching themes salient in the rapidly converging mobile computing industry. Increasingly, the developers of mobile devices and services are looking toward exploratory, non-determinist or, user-driven development methodologies in an effort to cultivate products that consumers will consistently pay for. These include Design Thinking, Living Labs, and other forms of ethnography that embrace serendipity, playfulness, error, and other human responses that have previously rested outside the orthodoxy of technology design. Secondly, the mobile device is likely the world's foremost social computer. Mobile vendors seeking to foster the production, propagation, and consumption of content on mobile devices are increasingly viewing the challenge as a complex social phenomenon, not a merely a well-defined technology problem. Research illustrating these themes is presented. © 2009 JIT Palgrave Macmillan.",Convergence | Handheld devices | Mobile computing | Mobile telephones | Social networks | Telecommunications,Journal of Information Technology,2009-06-01,Article,"Wareham, Jonathan D.;Busquets, Xavier;Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867365380,10.1109/SCC.2012.56,IBM’s decade of transformation: Turnaround to growth,"Service delivery centers are extremely dynamic environments in which large numbers of globally distributed system administrators (SAs) manage a vast number of IT systems on behalf of customers. SAs are under significant time pressure to efficiently resolve incoming customer requests, and may fall far short of accurately capturing the intricacies of technical problems, affecting the quality of ticket data. At the same time, various data stores and warehouses aggregating business insights about operations are only as reliable as their sources. Verifying such large data sets is a laborious and expensive task. In this paper we propose system h-IQ, which embeds a grading schema and an active learning mechanism, to identify most uncertain samples of data, and most suitable human expert(s) to validate them. Expert qualification is established based on server access logs and past tickets completed. We present the system and discuss the results of ticket data assessment process. © 2012 IEEE.",automatic data quality evaluation | automation | data quality | service delivery | social networking,"Proceedings - 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2012",2012-10-17,Conference Paper,"Vukovic, Maja;Laredo, Jim;Salapura, Valentina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866847774,10.1186/1472-6947-12-113,Data. gov,"Background: Misplaced or poorly calibrated confidence in healthcare professionals' judgments compromises the quality of health care. Using higher fidelity clinical simulations to elicit clinicians' confidence 'calibration' (i.e. overconfidence or underconfidence) in more realistic settings is a promising but underutilized tactic. In this study we examine nurses' calibration of confidence with judgment accuracy for critical event risk assessment judgments in a high fidelity simulated clinical environment. The study also explores the effects of clinical experience, task difficulty and time pressure on the relationship between confidence and accuracy. Methods. 63 student and 34 experienced nurses made dichotomous risk assessments on 25 scenarios simulated in a high fidelity clinical environment. Each nurse also assigned a score (0-100) reflecting the level of confidence in their judgments. Scenarios were derived from real patient cases and classified as easy or difficult judgment tasks. Nurses made half of their judgments under time pressure. Confidence calibration statistics were calculated and calibration curves generated. Results: Nurse students were underconfident (mean over/underconfidence score -1.05) and experienced nurses overconfident (mean over/underconfidence score 6.56), P = 0.01. No significant differences in calibration and resolution were found between the two groups (P = 0.80 and P = 0.51, respectively). There was a significant interaction between time pressure and task difficulty on confidence (P = 0.008); time pressure increased confidence in easy cases but reduced confidence in difficult cases. Time pressure had no effect on confidence or accuracy. Judgment task difficulty impacted significantly on nurses' judgmental accuracy and confidence. A 'hard-easy' effect was observed: nurses were overconfident in difficult judgments and underconfident in easy judgments. Conclusion: Nurses were poorly calibrated when making risk assessment judgments in a high fidelity simulated setting. Nurses with more experience tended toward overconfidence. Whilst time pressure had little effect on calibration, nurses' over/underconfidence varied significantly with the degree of task difficulty. More research is required to identify strategies to minimize such cognitive biases. © 2012 Yang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",Clinical experience | Clinical judgment | Confidence calibration | Hard-easy effect | High fidelity clinical simulation | Overconfidence | Time pressure | Underconfidence,BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making,2012-01-01,Article,"Yang, Huiqin;Thompson, Carl;Bland, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866893561,10.1145/2351676.2351723,Bridging the gap between stewards and creators,"Developers may introduce anti-patterns in their software systems because of time pressure, lack of understanding, communication, and-or skills. Anti-patterns impede development and maintenance activities by making the source code more difficult to understand. Detecting anti-patterns in a is important to ease the maintenance of software. Detecting anti-patterns could reduce costs, effort, and resources. Researchers have proposed approaches to detect occurrences of anti-patterns but these approaches have currently some limitations: they require extensive knowledge of anti-patterns, they have limited precision and recall, and they cannot be applied on subsets of systems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce SVMDetect, a novel approach to detect anti-patterns, based on a machine learning technique- support vector machines. Indeed, through an empirical study involving three subject systems and four anti-patterns, we showed that the accuracy of SVMDetect is greater than of DETEX when detecting anti-patterns occurrences on a set of classes. Concerning, the whole system, SVMDetect is able to find more anti-patterns occurrences than DETEX. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Anti-pattern | Empirical software engineering | Program comprehension | Program maintenance,"2012 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2012 - Proceedings",2012-10-05,Conference Paper,"Maiga, Abdou;Ali, Nasir;Bhattacharya, Neelesh;Sabané, Aminata;Guéhéneuc, Yann Gaël;Antoniol, Giuliano;Aïmeur, Esma",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866649091,10.1080/00221309.2012.705187,A survey of commonly applied methods for software process improvement,"Our goal is to demonstrate that potential performance theory (PPT) provides a unique type of methodology for studying the use of heuristics under time pressure. While most theories tend to focus on different types of strategies, PPT distinguishes between random and nonrandom effects on performance. We argue that the use of a heuristic under time pressure actually can increase performance by decreasing randomness in responding. We conducted an experiment where participants performed a task under time pressure or not. In turn, PPT equations make it possible to parse the observed change in performance from the unspeeded to the speeded condition into that which is due to a change in the participant's randomness in responding versus that which is due to a change in systematic factors. We found that the change in randomness was slightly more important than the change in systematic factors. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",consistency | PPT | pressure | time,Journal of General Psychology,2012-10-01,Article,"Rice, Stephen;Trafimow, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867354601,10.1177/0018720812442537,The broadband explosion,"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate two cusp catastrophe models for cognitive workload and fatigue. They share similar cubic polynomial structures but derive from different underlying processes and contain variables that contribute to flexibility with respect to load and the ability to compensate for fatigue. Background: Cognitive workload and fatigue both have a negative impact on performance and have been difficult to separate. Extended time on task can produce fatigue, but it can also produce a positive effect from learning or automaticity. Method: In this two-part experiment, 129 undergraduates performed tasks involving spelling, arithmetic, memory, and visual search. Results: The fatigue cusp for the central memory task was supported with the quantity of work performed and performance on an episodic memory task acting as the control parameters. There was a strong linear effect, however. The load manipulations for the central task were competition with another participant for rewards, incentive conditions, and time pressure. Results supported the workload cusp in which trait anxiety and the incentive manipulation acted as the control parameters. Conclusion: The cusps are generally better than linear models for analyzing workload and fatigue phenomena; practice effects can override fatigue. Future research should investigate multitasking and task sequencing issues, physical-cognitive task combinations, and a broader range of variables that contribute to flexibility with respect to load or compensate for fatigue. Applications: The new experimental medium and analytic strategy can be generalized to virtually any realworld cognitively demanding tasks. The particular results are generalizable to tasks involving visual search. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",anxiety | buckling | cognitive workload | cusp catastrophe | fatigue | incentives | memory,Human Factors,2012-10-01,Article,"Guastello, Stephen J.;Boeh, Henry;Schimmels, Michael;Gorin, Hillary;Huschen, Samuel;Davis, Erin;Peters, Natalie E.;Fabisch, Megan;Poston, Kirsten",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865770419,10.1007/s11340-011-9572-2,Ford motor company: Supply chain strategy,"A new shear-compression experiment for investigating the influence of hydrostatic pressure (mean stress) on the large deformation shear response of elastomers is presented. In this new design, a nearly uniform torsional shear strain is superposed on a uniform volumetric compression strain generated by axially deforming specimens confined by a stack of thin steel disks. The new design is effective in applying uniform shear and multiaxial compressive stress on specimens while preventing buckling and barreling during large deformation under high loads. By controlling the applied pressure and shear strain independently of each other, the proposed setup allows for measuring the shear and bulk response of elastomers at arbitrary states within the shear-pressure stress space. Thorough evaluation of the new design is conducted via laboratory measurements and finite element simulations. Practical issues and the need for care in specimen preparation and data reduction are explained and discussed. The main motivation behind developing this setup is to aid in characterizing the influence of pressure or negative dilatation on the constitutive shear response of elastomeric coating materials in general and polyurea in particular. Experimental results obtained with the new design illustrate the significant increase in the shear stiffness of polyurea under moderate to high hydrostatic pressures. © 2011 Society for Experimental Mechanics.",Confined test | Polyurea | Time-pressure superposition | Viscoelastic | WLF equation,Experimental Mechanics,2012-10-01,Article,"Alkhader, M.;Knauss, W. G.;Ravichandran, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952740536,10.1108/02756661011055195,Not just a pretty face: economic drivers behind the arts-in-business movement,"Purpose: Interest in the uses and effects of art and methods of art making in businesses of all kinds is on the rise. In this paper, we show that the ""arts-in-business movement"" is no mere fad, that it is, in fact, driven by fundamental economic forces, two tectonic shifts moving the business world. Financial crises and other like disruptions not withstanding, these shifts will increasingly influence how companies, especially those based in developed economies, compete. Consequently, business success in a not-too-distant future will, for many companies, require a new understanding of art and art making, a sophisticated appreciation of, and a feel for, aesthetic principles. Design/methodology/approach: We develop an economics and business strategy based model using historical facts and empirical patterns to illustrate how two tectonic shifts now gathering force and momentum will change the way businesses, especially those based in developed economies, compete. The first shift, toward differentiation based business strategies, arises from the emerging realities of the globalized economy, and is enabled by increasingly mature communications and transportation networks. The second shift, toward iterative modes of production that lead to more artful innovation, is supported by recent developments in information technology. We compare the transformation from Industrial to Post-Industrial economy to a centuries earlier transition from Craft to Industrial economy, demonstrating that the changes underway have potential to be every bit as important as those earlier changes. Our arguments and analyses are based on and summarize findings from a multi-year field based research project. Findings: Business success in the not-too-distant future will, for many companies, require a new understanding of art and art making, a sophisticated appreciation of, and a feel for, aesthetic principles. Managers will need to improve their understanding of these principles, will succeed or fail in business competition based on how well they master them. Although many have long labeled certain poorly understood aspects of business ""art"" and wished to turn them into science or engineering, to make them more industrial, something more like the opposite will occur - some formerly industrial aspects of business will evolve into something very like art. Practical implications: Firms that develop and exploit artful methods will be a step ahead of their competition. Insightful managers should begin now gaining a better understanding of how notions like ""aesthetic coherence"" can improve their ability to compete. Originality/value: This paper looks at current events from a perspective rare in business practice and research, presenting familiar facts in a new light, and urging a long-term view quite different to the current short-term reasons for moving work off shore. We reach conclusions opposite (or nearly so) what many might casually assume, reaching counterintuitive endpoints of our empirically and analytically developed arguments, which many readers will consider surprising. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Arts | Design | Innovation | Product differentiation,Journal of Business Strategy,2010-05-31,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Devin, Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866635149,10.1109/ITHET.2012.6246034,Specialisterne: Sense & Details,"In this paper, we propose a learning support framework for adult graduate students of information science. It allows adult graduate students under time pressure to learn effectively. The course recommendation system that is a part of the framework presents an appropriate course for a student. The framework also provides a method to pursue the cause of obstructions of studies of adult graduate students. © 2012 IEEE.",AHP | Computing Curricula 2005 | Learning support framework,"2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, ITHET 2012",2012-09-28,Conference Paper,"Seo, Akishi;Ochimizu, Koichiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037241987,10.1109/MS.2003.1159037,Beyond requirements: software making as art,The difference between a good and bad system is not how well it meets the requirements one knows in advance. Meeting requirements is a necessary but insufficient condition for producing an excellent system. What makes a system great is details that are not specifiable in advance-aspects that must evolve in the making.,,IEEE Software,2003-01-01,Article,"Austin, Rob;Devin, Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866375889,,Crafting business models,"The reliability with which signals and other railway assets are maintained is key to operational safety, reliability and business efficiency. London Underground (LU) wished to understand how reliability of a number of its assets were affected by planned maintenance activities and commissioned research to obtain indicative human error rates on an individual asset basis. This paper summarises this research commissioned by LU and provides suggested recommendations to reduce error rates and hence improve reliability of these assets. The process for eliciting human error rate profiles needed to be structured, systematic, auditable, accepted by the user community and be validated. This paper outlines the approach that was taken to achieve these objectives. A number of assets were assessed, including trainstops, signals, points and track circuits. Key findings of the research were that: • LU has robust and safe maintenance regimes, the findings of this work consolidate and complement existing processes and practices and provide another level of rigor to existing maintenance regimes • Human error rates for each asset differed by line (due to different asset distributions) • Non-safety critical assets do not have the degree of independent checks on their maintenance when compared to safety critical assets and thus are more prone to human error • Availability/appropriateness of tools for the maintenance task varied by asset and influenced the probability of human error for unplanned rather than routine maintenance • Inadequate planning would lead to time pressure or inadequate resources As a result of this research a number of practical recommendations were made to improve reliability for some assets. These recommendations focused upon maintenance planning, training, availability and appropriateness of tools, and the provision of independent checks for some asset maintenance tasks.",,Rail Human Factors Around the World: Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations,2012-09-24,Conference Paper,"Traub, Paul;Wackrow, Jon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866433529,10.1038/nrn3000,Ford Motor Co.: Maximizing the Business Value of Web Technologies,"Severe accidents in transport systems such as railways means mass evacuations often under time pressure, with immediate threats and in difficult circumstances, e.g. in case of a fire or if the evacuation must take place in a tunnel or on a bridge (e.g. HSE, 2001, Voeltzel, 2002). The frequency of such events is usually low but the consequences can be severe. However, mass evacuations occur quite frequently in situations where one or several trains are stopped because of track, vehicle or traffic management problem. In these evacuations passengers and staff are exposed to risks such as the possibility of being injured by electricity or other trains passing. In these cases, where there is no initial or immediate threat to the people on board, it can take a long time before the train will be evacuated, and this can create new risks. If the environmental conditions are poor, the conditions for the people on the train can, over time, become uncomfortable and even severe due to e.g. high temperatures and crowing. When time passes, the tendency of the passengers to evacuate spontaneously will increase. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the different types of evacuation situations that can occur as well as a better understanding of passenger behaviour by use of a system safety view addressing the interaction of Human, Technology and Organisation, and to identify areas for improvement. Some areas in need of improvement are; communication, reduction of time delay in taking the decision to evacuate as well as executing the decision, and training of the staff.",Communication | Evacuation | Passenger | Risk | Train,Rail Human Factors Around the World: Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations,2012-09-24,Conference Paper,"Kecklund, Lena;Anderzén, Ingrid;Petterson, Sara;Haggstrom, Johan;Wahlstrom, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865733865,10.1177/0022146512445807,Bang & Olufsen: design driven innovation,"This study examined two types of potential sources of racial-ethnic disparities in medical care: implicit biases and time pressure. Eighty-one family physicians and general internists responded to a case vignette describing a patient with chest pain. Time pressure was manipulated experimentally. Under high time pressure, but not under low time pressure, implicit biases regarding blacks and Hispanics led to a less serious diagnosis. In addition, implicit biases regarding blacks led to a lower likelihood of a referral to specialist when physicians were under high time pressure. The results suggest that when physicians face stress, their implicit biases may shape medical decisions in ways that disadvantage minority patients. © American Sociological Association 2012.",disparities | ethnicity | quality o.h.ealth care | race | time pressure,Journal of Health and Social Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Stepanikova, Irena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863727746,10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.007,iPremier (A): Denial of service attack (graphic novel version),"We designed a tabletop brainwriting interface to examine the effects of time pressure and social pressure on the creative performance. After positioning this study with regard to creativity research and human activity in dynamic environments, we present our interface and experiment. Thirty-two participants collaborated (by groups of four) on the tabletop brainwriting task under four conditions of time pressure and two conditions of social pressure. The results show that time pressure increased the quantity of ideas produced and, to some extent, increased the originality of ideas. However, it also deteriorated user experience. Besides, social pressure increased quantity of ideas as well as motivation, but decreased collaboration. We discuss the implications for creativity research and Human-Computer Interaction. Anyhow, our results suggest that the Press factor, operationalized by Time- or Social-pressure, should be considered as a powerful lever to enhance the effectiveness of creative problem solving methods. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Brainstorming | Creativity | Interactive tabletop | Social comparison | Time pressure,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Schmitt, Lara;Buisine, Stéphanie;Chaboissier, Jonathan;Aoussat, Améziane;Vernier, Frédéric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863727797,10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.023,Corporate information strategy and Management,"People often attribute their reluctance to study texts on screen to technology-related factors rooted in hardware or software. However, previous studies have pointed to screen inferiority in the metacognitive regulation of learning. The study examined the effects of time pressure on learning texts on screen relative to paper among undergraduates who report only moderate paper preference. In Experiment 1, test scores on screen were lower than on paper under time pressure, with no difference under free regulation. In Experiment 2 the time condition was manipulated within participants to include time pressure, free regulation, and an interrupted condition where study was unexpectedly stopped after the time allotted under time pressure. No media effects were found under the interrupted study condition, although technology-related barriers should have taken their effect also in this condition. Paper learners who preferred this learning medium improved their scores when the time constraints were known in advance. No such adaptation was found on screen regardless of the medium preference. Beyond that, paper learning was more efficient and self-assessments of knowledge were better calibrated under most conditions. The results reinforce the inferiority of self-regulation of learning on screen and argue against technology-related factors as the main reason for this. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Digital literacy | Metacognitive monitoring and control | Metacomprehension | Self-regulated learning | Study-time allocation | Time constraints,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-09-01,Article,"Ackerman, Rakefet;Lauterman, Tirza",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865335795,10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.00984.x,Harley davidson motor company: Enterprise software selection,"Aim: To describe registered nurses' (RNs) ratings of their work-related health problems, sickness presence and sickness absence in community care of older people. To describe RNs' perceptions of time, competence and emotional pressure at work. To describe associations between time, knowledge and emotional pressure with RNs' perceptions of work-related health problems, sickness presence and sickness absence. Background: There is a global nursing shortage. It is a challenge to provide working conditions that enable RNs to deliver quality nursing care. Method: A descriptive design and a structured questionnaire were used. 213 RNs in 60 care homes for older people participated, with a response rate of 62%. Findings: RNs' reported work-related health problems, such as neck/back disorders, dry skin/dry mucous membranes, muscles/joints disorders, sleep disorders and headache. They had periods of fatigue/unhappiness/sadness because of their work (37%). Most of the RNs felt at times psychologically exhausted after work, with difficulties leaving their thoughts of work behind. RNs stated high sickness presence (68%) and high sickness absence (63%). They perceived high time pressure, adequate competence and emotional pressure at work. There was a weak to moderate correlation between RNs' health problems and time pressure. Discussion: We cannot afford a greater shortage of RNs in community care of older people. Politicians and employers need to develop a coordinated package of policies that provide a long-term and sustainable solution with healthy workplaces. Conclusion: It is important to prevent RNs' work-related health problems and time pressure at work. © 2012 The Author. International Nursing Review © 2012 International Council of Nurses.",Community elderly care | Positive practice environments | Questionnaire | Registered nurse | Time pressure | Work-related health problems,International Nursing Review,2012-09-01,Article,"Josefsson, K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864050459,10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.05.006,Surviving Enterprise Systems: Adaptive Strategies for Managing Your Largest IT Investments,"The notion of adaptive decision making implies that strategy selection in both inferences and preferences is driven by a trade-off between accuracy and effort. A strategy for probabilistic inferences which is particularly attractive from this point of view is the recognition heuristic (RH). It proposes that judgments rely on recognition in isolation-ignoring any further information that might be available-and thereby allows for substantial effort-reduction. Consequently, it is herein hypothesized that and tested whether increased necessity of effort-reduction-as implemented via time pressure-fosters reliance on the RH. Two experiments corroborated that this was the case, even with relatively mild time pressure. In addition, this result held even when non-compliance with the response deadline did not yield negative monetary consequences. The current investigations are among the first to tackle the largely open question of whether effort-related factors influence the reliance on heuristics in memory-based decisions. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..",Adaptive decision making | Effort-reduction | Fast and frugal heuristics | Multinomial processing tree models | Recognition heuristic | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2012-09-01,Article,"Hilbig, Benjamin E.;Erdfelder, Edgar;Pohl, Rüdiger F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866105696,10.1007/s00464-012-2193-8,Oops,"Background: Research on intraoperative stressors has focused on external factors without considering individual differences in the ability to cope with stress. One individual difference that is implicated in adverse effects of stress on performance is reinvestment, the propensity for conscious monitoring and control of movements. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reinvestment on laparoscopic performance under time pressure. Methods: Thirty-one medical students (surgery rotation) were divided into high- and low-reinvestment groups. Participants were first trained to proficiency on a peg transfer task and then tested on the same task in a control and time pressure condition. Outcome measures included generic performance and process measures. Stress levels were assessed using heart rate and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: High and low reinvestors demonstrated increased anxiety levels from control to time pressure conditions as indicated by their STAI scores, although no differences in heart rate were found. Low reinvestors performed significantly faster when under time pressure, whereas high reinvestors showed no change in performance times. Low reinvestors tended to display greater performance efficiency (shorter path lengths, fewer hand movements) than high reinvestors. Conclusion: Trained medical students with a high individual propensity to consciously monitor and control their movements (high reinvestors) displayed less capability (than low reinvestors) to meet the demands imposed by time pressure during a laparoscopic task. The finding implies that the propensity for reinvestment may have a moderating effect on laparoscopic performance under time pressure. © 2012 The Author(s).",Laparoscopic training | Motor learning and control | Motor skills | Reinvestment | Surgical stressors | Time pressure,Surgical Endoscopy,2012-01-01,Article,"Malhotra, Neha;Poolton, Jamie M.;Wilson, Mark R.;Ngo, Karen;Masters, Rich S.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029117154,10.1002/9781118830208,Successful innovation through artful process,"Optimization from a working baseline is a design education approach that has been adopted at University of California, San Diego after watching years of students attempt overly ambitious designs under tight time constraints. The end results were often that designs were completed without time for optimization or comparison of theory to hardware performance, and the educational message of good design practice was not being conveyed. There was specific concern that analysis was not being applied in hands on design projects, rather under time pressure students often resorted to an unguided trial-and-error approach. To remedy this situation, we separated our mechanical and aerospace senior design courses into two distinct projects. Our first senior design project uses the working baseline approach, where students use analysis to optimize a reduced degree-of-freedom system. In these projects students gain design and analysis skills that prepare them to tackle more complex design challenges. A second project is then addressed, which includes all of the wonderful complexity and uncertainty that are characteristic of open-ended problems in engineering design. © 2012 American Society for Engineering Education.",,"ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings",2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Delson, Nathan;Anderson, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864692246,10.1177/0192513X11425324,"It is okay for artists to make money… no, really, it’s okay","This article examines whether there is an association between depression and parental time pressure among employed parents. Using a sample of 248 full-time employed parents and using the stress process framework, I also examine the extent to which gender, socioeconomic status, social support, and job conditions account for variation in the association between parenting strains and depression. Results indicate that parental time pressure is significantly associated with depression among mothers and fathers, and that well-off parents are significantly less depressed by parental time strains than less affluent parents. A significant portion of the association between parental time strains and depression is explained by job demands, and perceived social support does not buffer the association between parental time pressure and depression. Women in high control jobs are less depressed by parental time pressure than other employed mothers but conversely, among fathers, high job control amplifies the association between parental time pressure and depression. © The Author(s) 2012.",depression | gender differences | parent-child time | time pressure | work and family roles,Journal of Family Issues,2012-08-13,Article,"Roxburgh, Susan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84989916386,10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.710.198,Innovation processes and closure,"Guala Closures Group is the world leader in the production of aluminum closures for the beverage industry, with interests in the spirits, wine, water, oil, vinegar and pharma market. The company holds 70+ active patents worldwide and the annual gross income is approx. 500M £. Guala Closures Group has been a proven industrial leader in its sector that not only is now the largest manufacturer of caps and closures worldwide with a production capacity of 14+ billion closures per year, but has many times lead the venture for innovation in the industry. The goal of this paper is to expose the production processes that stand behind Guala Closures Group, its products, the technological innovation and its success. The paper will begin with a thorough analysis of the current state of the art for the production process of aluminum closures. Secondly, the analysis will shift onto the key factor to success in the manufacturing world of aluminum closures: Drive for Innovation.",Aluminum closures | Guala Closures | Innovative processes in aluminum closures | Process innovation,Key Engineering Materials,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Bove, Francesco;Tagliabue, Carlo;Mittino, Maurizio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864474228,10.1108/09600031211258156,Volkswagen of America: Managing IT Priorities,"Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the direct and interaction effects of managers' tactics to deal with time pressure on behaviors and relational norms across transactional and collaborative buyer-supplier relationships. Design/methodology/approach: This research utilizes a novel scenario-based experimental design. The lack of behavioral experimentation in logistics research is noticeable given the vital role that human judgment and decision making play in managing contemporary supply chains. Findings: When supplier personnel exhibit signs of coping with time pressure, individual boundary spanners in buying organizations are less willing to engage in key collaborative behaviors and relational norms. These adverse effects are intensified in closer buyer-supplier relationships. Research limitations/implications: Although internal validity is maximized in this type of research, such gains are achieved through the development of artificial business scenarios that lack external validity. Practical implications: Although it should not be as much of a concern in working with transactional customers, supplier personnel involved in collaborative relationships should be cognizant of the potential negative impact of coping with time pressure and allot sufficient resources to manage critical partnerships. Originality/value: This research contributes to better understanding the clash between maintaining collaborative relationships while simultaneously coping with time pressure. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Buyer-supplier relationships | Buyers | Collaboration | Relationship norms | Situational constraints | Supplier relations | Supply chain management | Supply chain relationships | Time pressure,International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,2012-08-01,Article,"Fugate, Brian S.;Thomas, Rodney W.;Golicic, Susan L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863954035,10.1177/0018720811432307,Why managing innovation is like theater,"Objective: This article presents research on the effects of varying mood and stress states on within-team communication in a simulated crisis management environment, with a focus on the relationship between communication behaviors and team awareness. Background: Communication plays a critical role in team cognition along with cognitive factors such as attention, memory, and decision-making speed. Mood and stress are known to have interrelated effects on cognition at the individual level, but there is relatively little joint exploration of these factors in team communication in technologically complex environments. Method: Dyadic communication behaviors in a distributed six-person crisis management simulation were analyzed in a factorial design for effects of two levels of mood (happy, sad) and the presence or absence of a time pressure stressor. Results: Time pressure and mood showed several specific impacts on communication behaviors. Communication quantity and efficiency increased under time pressure, though frequent requests for information were associated with poor performance. Teams in happy moods showed enhanced team awareness, as revealed by more anticipatory communication patterns and more detailed verbal responses to teammates than those in sad moods. Conclusion: Results show that the attention-narrowing effects of mood and stress associated with individual cognitive functions demonstrate analogous impacts on team awareness and information-sharing behaviors and reveal a richer understanding of how team dynamics change under adverse conditions. Application: Disentangling stress from mood affords the opportunity to target more specific interventions that better support team awareness and task performance. Copyright © 2012, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.",communication | computer-supported cooperative work | mood | stress | team awareness | team cognition,Human Factors,2012-08-01,Article,"Pfaff, Mark S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864365275,10.1109/ICSSP.2012.6225972,The iPremier Company (A): Denial of service attack,"Simulation is an important method and tool in many fields of engineering. Compared to these, simulation plays only a minor role in the field of software processes and software engineering. Examining this discrepancy, four theses are formulated as suggestions for future directions of software process simulation: 1. Simulation requires efforts, but ""not simulating"" might cause considerable costs as well, e.g. by wrong assumptions or expectations. These costs must be addressed and understood as well. 2. A model is always a simplification with many uncertainties. However, this is not a counter-argument by itself but must be evaluated in the perspective of purpose and available alternatives. 3. Future process simulation models must and will be much more complex than today. The necessary complexity can only be handled by relying on a rich set of mature components. This requires a joined effort and appreciation of the respective groundwork. 4. There are areas of software process modelling, which have already achieved some maturity, e.g. the interrelationships of volume of work, productivity, resources, and defect injection and removal. However, there are other aspects, which need further research to develop adequate modeling concepts, e.g. influence of architectural quality on later process stages, influence of process area capabilities within a dynamic simulation, or combined effects of human factors like time pressure, motivation, or knowledge acquisition. © 2012 IEEE.",,"2012 International Conference on Software and System Process, ICSSP 2012 - Proceedings",2012-08-01,Conference Paper,"Birkhölzer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905821451,10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227166,The Dandelion Principle: Redesigning work for the innovation economy,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Sonne, Thorkil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864274174,10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227027,The soul of design: harnessing the power of plot to create extraordinary products,"We present a practical approach for teaching two different courses of Software Engineering (SE) and Software Project Management (SPM) in an integrated way. The two courses are taught in the same semester, thus allowing to build mixed project teams composed of five-eight Bachelor's students (with development roles) and one or two Master's students (with management roles). The main goal of our approach is to simulate a real-life development scenario giving to the students the possibility to deal with issues arising from typical project situations, such as working in a team, organising the division of work, and coping with time pressure and strict deadlines. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2012-07-30,Conference Paper,"Bavota, Gabriele;De Lucia, Andrea;Fasano, Fausto;Oliveto, Rocco;Zottoli, Carlo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85004267226,10.1177/004057369605200408,Miles Davis: Kind of Blue,,,Theology Today,1996-01-01,Article,"Spencer, Jon Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38349125723,10.1145/2304696.2304702,High margins and the quest for aesthetic coherence,,,Harvard Business Review,2008-01-01,Short Survey,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013115589,10.1504/ijbpm.2000.000066,Performance-based incentives in knowledge work: are agency models relevant?,"The economic importance of ‘knowledge work’ has become widely accepted. Less widely accepted are the changes knowledge work requires in how we manage performance. This paper explores the differences between knowledge work and more traditional physical and managerial work, in the context of economic agency models, the most rigorous extant theoretical representations of how to manage performance. Assumptions derived from the characteristics of knowledge work are used to extend agency models. The conclusions about how to manage from this extended model are different from the conclusions of traditional agency models. Linking measured performance and compensation - a common recommendation that arises from interpretations of agency theories - is effective in knowledge work contexts only if knowledge workers are intrinsically motivated. We conclude that agency models and recommendations derived from them are relevant only to the extent that they employ modified assumptions consistent with the distinctive characteristics of knowledge work and knowledge workers. © 2000 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",Agency theory | knowledge work | motivation | principal-agent theory | skills,International Journal of Business Performance Management,2000-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Larkey, Patrick D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861004069,10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.03.005,Paul Robertson and the Medici String Quartet,"The current research examines the effects of time pressure on decision behavior based on a prospect theory framework. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants estimated certainty equivalents for binary gains-only bets in the presence or absence of time pressure. In Experiment 3, participants assessed comparable bets that were framed as losses. Data were modeled to establish psychological mechanisms underlying decision behavior. In Experiments 1 and 2, time pressure led to increased risk attractiveness, but no significant differences emerged in either probability discriminability or outcome utility. In Experiment 3, time pressure reduced probability discriminability, which was coupled with severe risk-seeking behavior for both conditions in the domain of losses. No significant effects of control over outcomes were observed. Results provide qualified support for theories that suggest increased risk-seeking for gains under time pressure. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.",Choice | Decision making | Gambling | Probability | Prospect theory | Time pressure,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2012-07-01,Article,"Young, Diana L.;Goodie, Adam S.;Hall, Daniel B.;Wu, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864626704,10.1017/s1930297500002849,Managing knowledge workers,"Dynamic, connectionist models of decision making, such as decision field theory (Roe, Busemeyer, & Townsend, 2001), propose that the effect of context on choice arises from a series of pairwise comparisons between attributes of alternatives across time. As such, they predict that limiting the amount of time to make a decision should decrease rather than increase the size of contextual effects. This prediction was tested across four levels of time pressure on both the asymmetric dominance (Huber, Payne, & Puto, 1982) and compromise (Simonson, 1989) decoy effects in choice. Overall, results supported this prediction, with both types of decoy effects found to be larger as time pressure decreased.",Asymmetric dominance | Choice | Compromise | Context | Decision making | Time pressure,Judgment and Decision Making,2012-01-01,Article,"Pettibone, Jonathan C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870449624,10.1016/S0164-1212(96)00156-2,Project management and discovery,"Two studies are reported that investigated the role that time pressure and accountability play in moderating expectancy based judgments of a tennis player's performance. Adopting a between subjects design, male participants (N = 57, N = 62, respectively) with experience of viewing or playing tennis watched video footage of a tennis player displaying either positive or negative body language during the standard warm-up period that precedes the start of a tennis match. An identical period of play was then viewed by all participants with judgments of the player's performance being recorded on seven Likert-type scales. Time pressure (Study 1) and accountability (Study 2) served as additional independent variables which were manipulated in conjunction with the body language condition during the warm-up phase. In Study 1, between groups analysis of variance demonstrated an interaction between body language and time pressure (p = .001; ηp2 = . 18) such that when under time pressure the participants rated the player's performance more favourably having previously viewed the player displaying positive as opposed to negative body language. In Study 2, between groups analysis of variance evidenced a main effect for body language (p = .02; ηp2 =.10), however accountability was not seen to influence judgments of the player. This work confirms the existence of expectancy effects in sport and indicates that observers may be more susceptible to being influenced by prior held expectations of athletes when judgments are made under time pressure.",Accountability | Social perception | Time pressure,International Journal of Sport Psychology,2012-07-01,Article,"Buscombe, Richard M.;Greenlees, Iain A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862490111,10.1007/978-3-642-30950-2_113,Managerial reflections on the deployment of balanced score cards,Time pressure helps students practice efficient strategies. We report strong effects from using games to promote fluency in mathematics. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.,educational games | evaluation | fluency | mathematics | number sense | retention,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2012-06-22,Conference Paper,"Ritter, Steve;Nixon, Tristan;Lomas, Derek;Stamper, John;Ching, Dixie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862812377,10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.061,Trilogy (A),"Emergency management (EM) is a very important issue with various kinds of emergency events frequently taking place. One of the most important components of EM is to evaluate the emergency response capacity (ERC) of emergency department or emergency alternative. Because of time pressure, lack of experience and data, experts often evaluate the importance and the ratings of qualitative criteria in the form of linguistic variable. This paper presents a hybrid fuzzy method consisting fuzzy AHP and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach to evaluate emergency response capacity. This study has been done in three stages. In the first stage we present a hierarchy of the evaluation index system for emergency response capacity. In the second stage we use fuzzy AHP to analyze the structure of the emergency response capacity evaluation problem. Using linguistic variables, pairwise comparisons for the evaluation criteria and sub-criteria are made to determine the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria. In the third stage, the ratings of sub-criteria are assessed in linguistic values represented by triangular fuzzy numbers to express the qualitative evaluation of experts' subjective opinions, and the linguistic values are transformed into 2-tuples. Use the 2-tuple linguistic weighted average operator (LWAO) to compute the aggregated ratings of criteria and the overall emergency response capacity (OERC) of the emergency alternative. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed hybrid fuzzy approach by means of comparing the emergency response capacity of three emergency alternatives. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2-Tuple fuzzy linguistic approach | Emergency response capacity | Fuzzy AHP,Expert Systems with Applications,2012-06-15,Article,"Ju, Yanbing;Wang, Aihua;Liu, Xiaoyue",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349327333,10.17705/1cais.02419,"A"" Novel"" Approach to the Design of an IS Management Course","We report on the design and implementation of an unusual course in Information Systems (IS) management built around an extended case series: a fictitious but reality-based story about the trials and tribulations of a newly appointed but not-technically-trained Chief Information Officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. Together the cases constitute a true-to-life novel about IS management (published, in fact, as a novel, as well as individual cases). Four principles guided development of the series and its associated pedagogy: 1) Emphasis on integrative, soft-skill, and business-oriented aspects of IS independent of underlying technologies; 2) Student derivation and ongoing refinement of cumulative theoretical frameworks arrived at via in-class discussion; 3) Identification of a set of core issues vital to practice that collectively approximate IS management as a business discipline; and 4) Design for student engagement, in particular by basing the case story on the monomyth a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world. A supporting website facilitates sharing of teaching materials and experiences by faculty using the case series. We report results from using this curriculum with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities in different countries and with executives at a multinational corporation and in an executive program at Harvard Business School. Our results suggest that a novel-based approach holds considerable promise for use at undergraduate, graduate, and executive levels, and that it might have advantages in addressing the so-called enrollment crisis in IS education, especially with the generation of digital natives who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment that compete for their attention. © 2009 by the authors.",Case-based learning | Information systems curriculum | IS curriculum development | IS education | IS management education,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Nolan, Richard L.;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861746029,10.1177/1046496412440055,Design: More Than a Cool Chair,"In the present experiment, members of three-person groups read information about two hypothetical cholesterol-reducing drugs and collectively chose the better drug under high or low time pressure. Information was distributed to members as a hidden profile such that the information that supported the better drug was unshared before discussion. Correct solution of the hidden profile required members to pool their unshared knowledge. Some groups discussed the drug information from memory (memory condition). Others kept the drug information during discussion, accessing sheets that either indicated which pieces of information were shared and unshared (informed access condition) or did not (access condition). Low time pressure groups chose the better drug more often than high time pressure groups, particularly when groups had access to information. Groups in the informed access condition chose the correct drug more often than groups in the memory and access conditions. Memory groups showed the typical discussion bias favoring shared over unshared information, whereas groups with access to information during discussion reversed this bias. This effect was stronger under low than high time pressure. © The Author(s) 2012.",hidden profile | information sharing | time pressure,Small Group Research,2012-06-01,Article,"Bowman, Jonathan M.;Wittenbaum, Gwen M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862069816,10.1145/2207676.2207689,Innovation Interruptus,"Previous research into the experience of videogames has shown the importance of the role of challenge in producing a good experience. However, defining exactly which challenges are important and which aspects of gaming experience are affected is largely under-explored. In this paper, we investigate if altering the level of challenge in a videogame influences people's experience of immersion. Our first study demonstrates that simply increasing the physical demands of the game by requiring gamers to interact more with the game does not result in increased immersion. In a further two studies, we use time pressure to make games more physically and cognitively challenging. We find that the addition of time pressure increases immersion as predicted. We argue that the level of challenge experienced is an interaction between the level of expertise of the gamer and the cognitive challenge encompassed within the game. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Challenge | Games | Immersion,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Cox, Anna L.;Cairns, Paul;Shah, Pari;Carroll, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862091086,10.1145/2207676.2207744,Corporate Information Strategy and Management Text and,This paper examines the ability to detect a characteristic brain potential called the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) using off-the-shelf headsets and explores its applicability to HCI. ERN is triggered when a user either makes a mistake or the application behaves differently from their expectation. We first show that ERN can be seen on signals captured by EEG headsets like Emotiv™ when doing a typical multiple choice reaction time (RT) task - Flanker task. We then present a single-trial online ERN algorithm that works by pre-computing the coefficient matrix of a logistic regression classifier using some data from a multiple choice reaction time task and uses it to classify incoming signals of that task on a single trial of data. We apply it to an interactive selection task that involved users selecting an object under time pressure. Furthermore the study was conducted in a typical office environment with ambient noise. Our results show that online single trial ERN detection is possible using off-the-shelf headsets during tasks that are typical of interactive applications. We then design a Superflick experiment with an integrated module mimicking an ERN detector to evaluate the accuracy of detecting ERN in the context of assisting users in interactive tasks. Based on these results we discuss and present several HCI scenarios for use of ERN. Copyright 2012 ACM.,Brain Computer Interface | EEG | Electroencephalography | Error Related Negativity | Flick | User interface,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Vi, Chi Thanh;Subramanian, Sriram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861213188,10.1109/C5.2012.7,On the feasibility of monitoring complex work: the case of software metrics,"Writing unit tests for a software system enhances the confidence that a system works as expected. Since time pressure often prevents a complete testing of all application details developers need to know which new tests the system requires. Developers also need to know which existing tests take the most time and slow down the whole development process. Missing feedback about less tested functionality and reasons for long running test cases make it, however, harder to create a test suite that covers all important parts of a software system in a minimum of time. As a result a software system may be inadequately tested and developers may test less frequently. Our approach provides test quality feedback to guide developers in identifying missing tests and correcting low-quality tests. We provide developers with a tool that analyzes test suites with respect to their effectivity (e.g., missing tests) and efficiency (e.g., time and memory consumption). We implement our approach, named Path Map, as an extended test runner within the Squeak Smalltalk IDE and demonstrate its benefits by improving the test quality of representative software systems. © 2012 IEEE.",Dynamic Analysis | Test Quality Feedback | Unit Tests,"Proceedings - 10th International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing, C5 2012",2012-05-23,Conference Paper,"Perscheid, Michael;Cassou, Damien;Hirschfeld, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84975070500,10.1109/CogSIMA.2012.6188384,Leading in the Age of Super-Transparency,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2016-12-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.;Upton, David M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860849759,10.1016/j.visres.2011.09.007,L'essentiel pour manager un projet,"In the perceptual learning (PL) literature, researchers typically focus on improvements in accuracy, such as . d'. In contrast, researchers who investigate the practice of cognitive skills focus on improvements in response times (RT). Here, we argue for the importance of accounting for both accuracy and RT in PL experiments, due to the phenomenon of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT): at a given level of discriminability, faster responses tend to produce more errors. A formal model of the decision process, such as the diffusion model, can explain the SAT. In this model, a parameter known as the drift rate represents the perceptual strength of the stimulus, where higher drift rates lead to more accurate and faster responses. We applied the diffusion model to analyze responses from a yes-no coherent motion detection task. The results indicate that observers do not use a fixed threshold for evidence accumulation, so changes in the observed accuracy may not provide the most appropriate estimate of learning. Instead, our results suggest that SAT can be accounted for by a modeling approach, and that drift rates offer a promising index of PL. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.",Perceptual learning | Response times | Signal detection theory | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Vision Research,2012-05-15,Article,"Liu, Charles C.;Watanabe, Takeo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870612086,10.2308/accr-10213,Case-Based Co-Creation of Learning Processes,"We investigate how the strictness of a requirement to consult on potential client fraud affects auditors' propensity to consult with firm experts. We consider two specific forms of guidance about fraud consultations: (1) strict, i.e., mandatory and binding; and (2) lenient, i.e., advisory and non-binding. We predict that a strict consultation requirement will lead to greater propensity to consult, particularly under certain client- and engagement-related conditions. Results from two experiments with 163 Dutch audit managers and partners demonstrate that consultation propensity is higher under a strict consultation requirement, but only when underlying fraud risk is high. The strictness effect is also greater under tight versus relaxed time pressure. Further, a strict standard increases auditors' perceived probability that a fraud indicator exists. Overall, we demonstrate that the formulation of a standard can have the desired effect on the judgments of auditors while also creating unexpected incentives that may influence auditor judgments.",Auditing standards | Consultation propensity | Consultation requirement | Deadline pressure | Fraud | Fraud risk,Accounting Review,2012-05-01,Article,"Gold, Anna;Knechel, W. Robert;Wallage, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859615613,10.1080/13668803.2011.609656,Vipps A/S,"The experience of time has been posited as an important predictor of work-family conflict; however, few studies have considered subjective and objective aspects of time conjointly. This study examined the reported number of hours dedicated to work and family as indices of objective aspects of time, and perceived time pressure (in the work and family domains respectively) as an important feature of the subjective nature of temporal experiences within the work-family interface. Results indicate that the stress of having insufficient time to fulfill commitments in one domain (i.e., perceived time pressure) predicts work-family conflict, and that perceived time pressures predict the amount of time allocated to a domain. Additionally, findings suggest that domain boundaries are not symmetrical, with work boundaries being more rigidly constructed than family boundaries. Workto-family and family-to-work conflict were generally related to overall health, turnover intentions, and work performance, as expected. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",health | performance | time pressure | turnover intentions | work-family conflict,"Community, Work and Family",2012-05-01,Article,"Dugan, Alicia G.;Matthews, Russell A.;Barnes-Farrell, Janet L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863872829,10.5153/sro.2626,The IT Leader's Hero Quest,"The current paper takes as a focus some issues relating to the possibility for, and effective conduct of, qualitative secondary data analysis. We consider some challenges for the re-use of qualitative research data, relating to researcher distance from the production of primary data, and related constraints on knowledge of the proximate contexts of data production. With others we argue that distance and partial knowledge of proximate contexts may constrain secondary analysis but that its success is contingent on its objectives. So long as data analysis is fit for purpose then secondary analysis is no poor relation to primary analysis. We argue that a set of middle range issues has been relatively neglected in debates about secondary analysis, and that there is much that can be gained from more critical reflection on how salient contexts are conceptualised, and how they are accessed, and assumed, within methodologies and extant data sets. We also argue for more critical reflection on how effective knowledge claims are built. We develop these arguments through a consideration of ESRC Timescapes qualitative data sets with reference to an illustrative analysis of gender, time pressure and work/family commitments. We work across disparate data sets and consider strategies for translating evidence, and engendering meaningful analytic conversation, between them. © Sociological Research Online, 1996-2012.",Gender | Qualitative research methods | Re-Use | Secondary analysis | Time pressure,Sociological Research Online,2012-01-01,Article,"Irwin, Sarah;Winterton, Mandy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863451137,,The Boeing company: Moonshine shop,"Background: Although depression is often considered as a single or unitary construct, evidence indicates the existence of several major subtypes of depression, some of which have distinct neurobiological bases and treatment options. Objective: To explore the incidence of five subtypes of depression, and to identify which lifestyle changes and stressor demands are associated with each of five established subtypes of depression, within a homogenous non-clinical sample. Method: 398 Australian university students completed the Effects of University Study on Lifestyle Questionnaire to identify their major stressors, plus the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale to measure their symptomatology. Regression analysis was used to identify which stressors were most powerful predictors of each depression subtype. Results: The five different subtypes of depression were predicted by a range of different stressors. Incidence of clinically significant scores for the subtypes of depression varied, with some participants experiencing more than one subtype of depression. Conclusions: Different depression subtypes were predicted by different stressors, potentially challenging the clinical validity of depression as a unitary construct. Although restricted in their generalisability to clinical patient samples, these findings suggest further targets for research with depressed patients.",Depression | Stress | Treatment,German Journal of Psychiatry,2012-05-01,Article,"Bitsika, Vicki;Sharpley, Christopher F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860318345,10.1080/10454446.2012.666453,Ascent Media Group (A),"A study was carried out in Germany in order to assess consumers' acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods with health benefits (bread, yohurt and eggs). Acceptability of GM foods increases when its source does not involve animal products such as eggs. Three factors have been identified as direct antecedents of the acceptance of GM foods: respondents' attitude towards biotechnology, health consciousness, and time pressure, being the first one the most salient one. Price consciousness has an indirect positive impact (mediated by health consciousness) upon acceptance of GM products. Males were more likely to accept GM foods with health benefits. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",attitude toward biotechnology | GM food | health and price consciousness | time pressure,Journal of Food Products Marketing,2012-05-01,Article,"Rojas-Méndez, José I.;Ahmed, Sadrudin A.;Claro-Riethmüller, Rodrigo;Spiller, Achim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858114903,10.1016/j.trf.2012.02.004,The essentials of project management,"This paper proposes a goal conflict model that links drivers' conflicting motivations for fast and safe driving with an emotional state of anxiety. It is proposed that this linkage is mediated by a behavioural inhibition system (Gray & McNaughton, 2000) affecting drivers' mood, physiological responses and choice of speed. The model was tested with 24 male participants, each of whom undertook 18 runs of a simple driving simulation. On each run, the goal conflict was induced by time pressure and the advance warning of a possible encounter with a deer. The conflict's intensity varied depending on the magnitude of the equally-sized gain and loss assigned to early arrival and collision respectively. Results show that the larger the conflict, the more slowly the participants drove. In addition, they rated themselves as being more anxious, attentive, and aroused. An increase in task difficulty induced by low visibility resulted in an additional speed reduction and increase in self-reported anxiety but did not lead to a further increase in self-assessed attention and arousal. Overall, the number of electrodermal responses depended neither on conflict nor on task difficulty, but increased linearly with conflict during low visibility. Implications for the incorporation of goal conflict into theories on driving behaviour and conclusions for traffic safety policies are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Accident risk | Anxiety | Driving behaviour | Goal conflict | Speed selection,Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2012-01-01,Article,"Schmidt-Daffy, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864539129,10.1097/TA.0b013e318246e879,"In search of the next"" killer app"": we can no longer envision the future by extrapolating the present","BACKGROUND: In a mass casualty situation, evacuation of severely injured patients to the appropriate health care facility is of critical importance. The prehospital stage of a mass casualty incident (MCI) is typically chaotic, characterized by dynamic changes and severe time constraints. As a result, those involved in the prehospital evacuation process must be able to make crucial decisions in real time. This article presents a model intended to assist in the management of MCIs. The Mass Casualty Patient Allocation Model has been designed to facilitate effective evacuation by providing key information about nearby hospitals, including driving times and real-time bed capacity. These data will enable paramedics to make informed decisions in support of timely and appropriate patient allocation during MCIs. The model also enables simulation exercises for disaster preparedness and first response training. METHODS: Road network and hospital location data were used to precalculate road travel times from all locations in Metro Vancouver to all Level I to III trauma hospitals. Hospital capacity data were obtained from hospitals and were updated by tracking patient evacuation from the MCI locations. In combination, these data were used to construct a sophisticated web-based simulation model for use by emergency response personnel. RESULTS: The model provides information critical to the decision-making process within a matter of seconds. This includes driving times to the nearest hospitals, the trauma service level of each hospital, the location of hospitals in relation to the incident, and up-to-date hospital capacity. CONCLUSION: The dynamic and evolving nature of MCIs requires that decisions regarding prehospital management be made under extreme time pressure. This model provides tools for these decisions to be made in an informed fashion with continuously updated hospital capacity information. In addition, it permits complex MCI simulation for response and preparedness training. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.",Emergency response | Hospital capacity | Mass casualty | Trauma systems | Web-based interactive model,Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery,2012-05-01,Article,"Amram, Ofer;Schuurman, Nadine;Hedley, Nick;Hameed, S. Morad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859828495,10.3233/WOR-2012-0197-462,"Accident, Intention, and Expectation in Innovation Process","The increased generation of garbage has become a problem in large cities, with greater demand for collection services. The collector is subjected to high workload. This study describes the work in garbage collection service, highlighting the requirements of time, resulting in physical and psychosocial demands to collectors. Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) - a method focused on the study of work in real situations was used. Initially, technical visits, global observations and unstructured interviews with different subjects of a garbage collection company were conducted. The following step of the systematic observations was accompanied by interviews conducted during the execution of tasks, inquiring about the actions taken, and also interviews about the actions, but conducted after the development of the tasks, photographic records and audiovisual recordings, of workers from two garbage collection teams. Contradictions between the prescribed work and activities (actual work) were identified, as well as the variability present in this process, and strategies adopted by these workers to regulate the workload. It was concluded that the insufficiency of means and the organizational structure of management ensue a situation where the collection process is maintained at the expense of hyper-requesting these workers, both physically and psychosocially. © 2012 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.",Ergonomics | Physical exertion | Psychosocial distress | Urban Cleaning,Work,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"De Oliveira Camada, Ilza Mitsuko;Pataro, Silvana Maria Santos;De Cássia Pereira Fernandes, Rita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859827310,10.1145/2159616.2159626,Broadband and collaboration,"We propose a new technique to simulate dynamic patterns of crowd behaviors using stress modeling. Our model accounts for permanent, stable disposition and the dynamic nature of human behaviors that change in response to the situation. The resulting approach accounts for changes in behavior in response to external stressors based on well-known theories in psychology. We combine this model with recent techniques on personality modeling for multi-agent simulations to capture a wide variety of behavioral changes and stressors. The overall formulation allows different stressors, expressed as functions of space and time, including time pressure, positional stressors, area stressors and inter-personal stressors. This model can be used to simulate dynamic crowd behaviors at interactive rates, including walking at variable speeds, breaking lane-formation over time, and cutting through a normal flow. We also perform qualitative and quantitative comparisons between our simulation results and real-world observations. © 2012 ACM.",crowd simulation | dynamic behaviors | psychological models,Proceedings - I3D 2012: ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"Kim, Sujeong;Guy, Stephen J.;Manocha, Dinesh;Lin, Ming C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859815899,,crystal ball for it,"Whilst the relationship between driver stress and crashes has been established, little is known about how an organisation's safety culture might mediate this relationship in the passenger services industry. Interviews with thirty bus drivers from a major bus company were conducted to investigate work related road risk and safety culture. A qualitative analysis revealed that the company's unrealistic time schedules were perceived to be a major contributor to crash involvement. Bus drivers consider that the company puts profits over safety and that policies and practices creates time pressure and increases crash risk. The results are discussed with reference to organisational processes, safety systems and regulation issues.",,Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2012,2012-04-23,Conference Paper,"Dorn, Lisa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651378473,10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.005,Outsourcing in the Real World—Stories from the Front Line,"Impulsivity refers to a set of heterogeneous behaviors that are tuned suboptimally along certain temporal dimensions. Impulsive intertemporal choice refers to the tendency to forego a large but delayed reward and to seek an inferior but more immediate reward, whereas impulsive motor responses also result when the subjects fail to suppress inappropriate automatic behaviors. In addition, impulsive actions can be produced when too much emphasis is placed on speed rather than accuracy in a wide range of behaviors, including perceptual decision making. Despite this heterogeneous nature, the prefrontal cortex and its connected areas, such as the basal ganglia, play an important role in gating impulsive actions in a variety of behavioral tasks. Here, we describe key features of computations necessary for optimal decision making and how their failures can lead to impulsive behaviors. We also review the recent findings from neuroimaging and single-neuron recording studies on the neural mechanisms related to impulsive behaviors. Converging approaches in economics, psychology, and neuroscience provide a unique vista for better understanding the nature of behavioral impairments associated with impulsivity. © 2011 Society of Biological Psychiatry.",Basal ganglia | intertemporal choice | response inhibition | speed-accuracy tradeoff | switching | temporal discounting,Biological Psychiatry,2011-06-15,Review,"Kim, Soyoun;Lee, Daeyeol",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859389990,10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01221.x,The Worldwide Web and Internet Technology,"For decisions between many alternatives, the benchmark result is Hick's Law: that response time increases log-linearly with the number of choice alternatives. Even when Hick's Law is observed for response times, divergent results have been observed for error rates-sometimes error rates increase with the number of choice alternatives, and sometimes they are constant. We provide evidence from two experiments that error rates are mostly independent of the number of choice alternatives, unless context effects induce participants to trade speed for accuracy across conditions. Error rate data have previously been used to discriminate between competing theoretical accounts of Hick's Law, and our results question the validity of those conclusions. We show that a previously dismissed optimal observer model might provide a parsimonious account of both response time and error rate data. The model suggests that people approximate Bayesian inference in multi-alternative choice, except for some perceptual limitations. © 2012 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.",Bayesian | Context effect | Hick's Law | Multi-alternative choice | Optimal observer | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Cognitive Science,2012-04-01,Article,"Hawkins, Guy;Brown, Scott D.;Steyvers, Mark;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349841167,10.5465/AMLE.2009.44287935,The Technology Manager's Journey,"Technology management poses particular challenges for educators because it requires facility with different kinds of knowledge and wide-ranging learning abilities. We report on the development and delivery of an information technology (IT) management course designed to address these challenges. Our approach is built around a narrative, the ""IVK extended case series,"" a fictitious but reality-based story about a newly appointed, not-technically-trained chief information officer (CIO) in his first year on the job. We designed the course around a narrative and composed the narrative in a specific way to achieve two key objectives. First, this format allowed us to combine the active student orientation typical of case-based approaches with the systematic construction of cumulative theoretical frameworks more characteristic of lecture-based methods. Second, basing the narrative on the monomyth, a literary pattern common to important narratives around the world, encourages students to more fully inhabit the story's hero, which leads to fuller engagement and more active learning. We report results using this approach with undergraduate and graduate students in two universities located in different countries, and with executives at a major multinational corporation and an open enrollment program at a major business school. Student course feedback and a follow-up survey administered about 1 year after the course suggest that the extended narrative approach mostly achieves its design objectives. We suggest that the approach might be used more widely in teaching technology management, particularly with ""digital natives,"" who have come of age in an environment crowded with engaging approaches to communication and entertainment competing for their attention. © 2009 Academy of Management Learning & Education.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2009-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert;Nolan, Richard;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886198568,10.1002/9781119942849.ch10,Artistic Methods and Business Disorganization,,"CATI samples | Education and public administration | ESENER, health and safety at work | Psychosocial risk management | Psychosocial risk management, across EU | Psychosocial risks | Time pressure, concerns in establishments",Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice,2012-03-29,Book Chapter,"Cockburn, William;Milczarek, Malgorzata;Irastorza, Xabier;Rial González, Eusebio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84920697725,10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374827.003.0005,Kiva as a Test of Our “Societal Creativity” Innovations Case Discussion: Kiva. org,"This chapter provides an explanation regarding team decision accuracy that appeared to decline regardless of the type of human-computer interface used, as time pressure increased. This can be done by using a Brunswikian theory of team decision making and the lens model equation (LME). The chapter also presents some relevant theoretical concepts; it then describes the experiment and new analyses. The final section discusses the strength and limitations of the research. The effectiveness of different humancomputer interfaces was studied under increasing levels of time pressure. It is shown that the Brunswikian multilevel theory, as operationally defined by the LME and path modeling, displayed that the decrease in leader achievement with increasing time pressure (tempo) was caused by a breakdown in the flow of information among team members. Results also revealed that this research exhibits how Brunswikian theory and the LME can be used to study the effect of computer displays on team (or individual) decision making.",Brunswikian multilevel theory | Computer displays | Human-computer interface | Lens model equation | Path modeling | Team decision making | Time pressure,Adaptive Perspectives on Human-Technology Interaction: Methods and Models for Cognitive Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction,2012-03-22,Book Chapter,"Adelman, Leonard;Yeo, Cedric;Miller, Sheryl L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857886574,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00890.x,e-Types A/S,"Some studies have assumed close proximity to improve team communication on the premise that reduced physical distance increases the chance of contact and information exchange. However, research showed that the relationship between team proximity and team communication is not always straightforward and may depend on some contextual conditions. Hence, this study was designed with the purpose of examining how a contextual condition like time pressure may influence the relationship between team proximity and team communication. In this study, time pressure was conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct: challenge time pressure and hindrance time pressure, such that each has different moderating effects on the proximity-communication relationship. The research was conducted with 81 new product development (NPD) teams (437 respondents) in Western Europe (Belgium, England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands). These teams functioned in short-cycled industries and developed innovative products for the consumer, electronic, semiconductor, and medical sectors. The unit of analysis was a team, which could be from a single-team or a multiteam project. Results showed that challenge time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience high rather than low challenge time pressure. Hindrance time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience low rather than high hindrance time pressure. Our findings contribute to theory in two ways. First, this study showed that challenge and hindrance time pressure differently influences the benefits of team proximity toward team communication in a particular work context. We found that teams under high hindrance time pressure do not benefit from close proximity, given the natural tendency for premature cognitive closure and the use of avoidance coping tactics when problems surface. Thus, simply reducing physical distances is unlikely to promote communication if motivational or human factors are neglected. Second, this study demonstrates the strength of the challenge-hindrance stressor framework in advancing theory and explaining inconsistencies. Past studies determined time pressure by considering only its levels without distinguishing the type of time pressure. We suggest that this study might not have been able to uncover the moderating effects of time pressure if we had conceptualized time pressure in the conventional way. © 2012 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012-03-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Rutte, Christel G.;Chai, Kah Hin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863297480,10.1108/02686901211207492,The Economics of Agility in Software Development,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of varying motivation induced by financial incentives and common uncertainty caused by time pressure on audit judgment performance. Design/methodology/approach - The experimental method is used to examine how financial incentives and time pressure affect audit performance, based on predictions by both economic and behavioral theories. The relative performance contract and the profit sharing contract are two incentive schemes considered. To achieve the incentive effect on subjects when conducting the experiment, all subjects were compensated with real cash rewards, according to their incentive contracts as randomly assigned. Findings - As predicted, major results show that both incentive contract and time pressure affect audit judgment performance. The audit performance is generally better under the relative performance contract than under the profit sharing contract. Additionally, it is demonstrated that an increase in the level of time pressure significantly improves recall, recognition, and total efficiency under both types of incentive contracts, but impairs recall and total performance, particularly under the relative performance contract. Moreover, the reduction of recall and total performance under the relative performance contract is significantly greater than under the profit sharing contract. Nevertheless, in this case, the relative performance contract still outperforms the profit sharing contract. Research limitations/implications - The findings suggest the relative superiority of the relative performance contract in comparison with the profit sharing contract in improving auditors' judgment performance for structured tasks. Practical implications - The relative performance contract would motivate junior auditors to exert more effort to increase their performance in the work environment of increased time pressure. The audit firms may incorporate relative performance evaluations into incentive schemes, to improve junior auditors' performance for structured tasks. Originality/value - The paper is of value to audit firms in the design of performance-contingent incentive contracts. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Auditors | Incentive schemes | Performance appraisal | Performance evaluation | Profit sharing | Relative performance | Time budget,Managerial Auditing Journal,2012-03-01,Article,"Lee, Hua",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857073369,10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02022.x,The phantom menace [software development],"This diary study adds to research on the Job Demands-Resources model. We test main propositions of this model on the level of daily processes, namely, additive and interaction effects of day-specific job demands and day-specific job and personal resources on day-specific work engagement. One hundred and fourteen employees completed electronic questionnaires three times a day over the course of one working week. Hierarchical linear models indicated that day-specific resources (psychological climate, job control, and being recovered in the morning) promoted work engagement. As predicted, day-specific job control qualified the relationship between day-specific time pressure and work engagement: on days with higher job control, time pressure was beneficial for work engagement. On days with lower job control, time pressure was detrimental for work engagement. We discuss our findings and contextualize them in the current literature on dynamic and emergent job characteristics. © 2011 The British Psychological Society.",,Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,2012-03-01,Article,"Kühnel, Jana;Sonnentag, Sabine;Bledow, Ronald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859162591,10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.023,NEURODIVERSITY AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE,"The present study tested the hypothesis of an additive interaction between intrinsic, extraneous and germane cognitive load, by manipulating factors of mental workload assumed to have a specific effect on either type of cognitive load. The study of cognitive load factors and their interaction is essential if we are to improve workers' wellbeing and safety at work. High cognitive load requires the individual to allocate extra resources to entering information. It is thought that this demand for extra resources may reduce processing efficiency and performance. The present study tested the effects of three factors thought to act on either cognitive load type, i.e. task difficulty, time pressure and alertness in a working memory task. Results revealed additive effects of task difficulty and time pressure, and a modulation by alertness on behavioral, subjective and psychophysiological workload measures. Mental overload can be the result of a combination of task-related components, but its occurrence may also depend on subject-related characteristics, including alertness. Solutions designed to reduce incidents and accidents at work should consider work organization in addition to task constraints in so far that both these factors may interfere with mental workload. © 2011 Elsevier B.V..",Alertness | Cognitive load | Task difficulty | Time pressure | Working memory task | Workload measures,International Journal of Psychophysiology,2012-03-01,Article,"Galy, Edith;Cariou, Magali;Mélan, Claudine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987858703,10.1109/MSP.2011.179,Unleashing Creativity With Digital Technology,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2016-09-12,Note,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85108491724,10.4324/9781315852430-34,Four Voices: Making a difference with art in management education,"In this chapter, four scholars and teachers write about their practices for altering the classroom and for changing the way that students learn management through engaging with art and aesthetics. Each author describes how he discovered that art forms, materials, works, and practices hold inspiration for teaching management, how they have changed their teaching approach accordingly, and where the journey has taken them so far. Reflections on the practical dos and don’ts of drawing inspiration from the arts accompany the accounts.",,The Routledge Companion to Reinventing Management Education,2016-06-17,Book Chapter,"Meisiek, Stefan;De Monthoux, Pierre Guillet;Barry, Daved;Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900330295,10.1016/j.jss.2006.01.010,Here's to the Crazy Ones,"Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are in the midst of aviation's next generation. UAS are being utilized at an increasing rate by military and security operations and are becoming widely popular in usage from search and rescue and weather research to homeland security and border patrol. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently working to define acceptable UAS performance standards and procedures for routine access for their use in the National Airspace System (NAS). This study examined the effects of system reliability and time pressure on unmanned aircraft systems operator performance and mental workload. Twenty-four undergraduate and graduate students, male and female, from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated in this study on a voluntary basis. The primary tasks were image processing time and target acquisition accuracy; three secondary tasks were concerned with responding to events encountered in typical UAS operations. Mental workload and trust levels of Multi-Modal Immersive Intelligent Interface for Remote Operation (MIIIRO) system were also studied and analyzed. System reliability was found to produce a significant effect for image processing time, while time pressure produced a significant effect for target acquisition accuracy. A significant effect was found for the interaction between system reliability and time pressure for pop-up threats re-routing processing time. The results were examined and recommendations for future research are discussed.",Automation | Mental workload | System reliability | Time pressure | Unmanned aircraft system,62nd IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2012,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ghatas, Rania;Liu, Dahai;Frederick-Recascino, Christina;Wise, John;Archer, Julian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900303498,,Knight Capital Americas LLC,"In the recent years, UASs have sparked the interest of other fields, and in the very near future, they will be introduced into the National Airspace System (NAS). The UAS operator task differs from that of a manned aircraft pilot. This study examined the effects of system reliability and task uncertainty on UAS operator performance, measuring image processing accuracy and image processing time through a primary task and three secondary tasks. The primary task was image processing that entailed differentiating between targets and distracters, making necessary changes to the identifications provided by the automation and processing images accurately within a five-second window. There were also three secondary tasks that are typical of UAS operations to which the participants had to respond as quickly as they could. Both system reliability and task uncertainty were found to be significant for primary task image processing time, but not for the secondary task. In contrast, accuracy was not found to be significantly affected by either one of the independent variables. The results are examined, and recommendations for future research are discussed.",Automation | Decision making | System reliability | Time pressure | Unmanned aerial system,62nd IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2012,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jaramillo, Manuela;Liu, Dahai;Doherty, Shawn;Archer, Julian;Tang, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867652239,10.1177/0956797612441217,Opinions: All about Creativity and Innovation,"Eyewitness-identification tests often culminate in witnesses not picking the culprit or identifying innocent suspects. We tested a radical alternative to the traditional lineup procedure used in such tests. Rather than making a positive identification, witnesses made confidence judgments under a short deadline about whether each lineup member was the culprit. We compared this deadline procedure with the traditional sequential-lineup procedure in three experiments with retention intervals ranging from 5 min to 1 week. A classification algorithm that identified confidence criteria that optimally discriminated accurate from inaccurate decisions revealed that decision accuracy was 24% to 66% higher under the deadline procedure than under the traditional procedure. Confidence profiles across lineup stimuli were more informative than were identification decisions about the likelihood that an individual witness recognized the culprit or correctly recognized that the culprit was not present. Large differences between the maximum and the next-highest confidence value signaled very high accuracy. Future support for this procedure across varied conditions would highlight a viable alternative to the problematic lineup procedures that have traditionally been used by law enforcement. © The Author(s) 2012.",eyewitness memory | memory,Psychological Science,2012-01-01,Article,"Brewer, Neil;Weber, Nathan;Wootton, David;Lindsay, D. Stephen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052700438,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.08.003,The Case for Hiring “Outlier” Employees,"Two experiments explored how learners allocate limited time across a set of relevant on-line texts, in order to determine the extent to which time allocation is sensitive to local task demands. The first experiment supported the idea that learners will spend more of their time reading easier texts when reading time is more limited; the second experiment showed that readers shift preference towards harder texts when their learning goals are more demanding. These phenomena evince an impressive capability of readers. Further, the experiments reveal that the most common method of time allocation is a version of satisficing (Reader and Payne, 2007) in which preference for texts emerges without any explicit comparison of the texts (the longest time spent reading each text is on the first time that text is encountered). These experiments therefore offer further empirical confirmation for a method of time allocation that relies on monitoring on-line texts as they are read, and which is sensitive to learning goals, available time and text difficulty. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Browsing | Information foraging | Sampling | Satisficing,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2012-01-01,Article,"Wilkinson, Susan C.;Reader, Will;Payne, Stephen J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937421730,10.1145/1145287.1145291,Tokyo Jane,,,Safer Surgery: Analysing Behaviour in the Operating Theatre,2012-01-01,Book Chapter,"Mackenzie, Colin F.;Jeffcott, Shelly A.;Xiao, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81955164863,10.1016/j.jml.2011.08.004,Advancing relevance and rigor in 21st Century leadership pedagogy through a “blended learning” experiment,"Current views of lexical selection in language production differ in whether they assume lexical selection by competition or not. To account for recent data with the picture-word interference (PWI) task, both views need to be supplemented with assumptions about the control processes that block distractor naming. In this paper, we propose that such control is achieved by the verbal self-monitor. If monitoring is involved in the PWI task, performance in this task should be affected by variables that influence monitoring such as lexicality, lexicality of context, and time pressure. Indeed, pictures were named more quickly when the distractor was a pseudoword than a word (Experiment 1), which reversed in a context of pseudoword items (Experiment 3). Additionally, under time pressure, participants frequently named the distractor instead of the picture, suggesting that the monitor failed to exclude the distractor response. Such errors occurred more often with word than pseudoword distractors (Experiment 2); however, the effect flipped around in a pseudoword context (Experiment 4). Our findings argue for the role of the monitoring system in lexical selection. Implications for competitive and non-competitive models are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Competitive model | Lexical selection | Picture-word interference task | Pseudowords | Verbal self-monitoring,Journal of Memory and Language,2012-01-01,Article,"Dhooge, Elisah;Hartsuiker, Robert J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83255187225,10.1016/j.jlp.2011.08.005,The Potential within New Educational Possibilities,"When a major hazard occurs on an installation, evacuation, escape, and rescue (EER) operations play a vital role in safeguarding the lives of personnel. There have been several major offshore accidents where most of the crew has been killed during EER operations. The major hazards and EER operations can be divided into three categories; depending on the hazard, time pressure and the risk influencing factors (RIFs). The RIFs are categorized into human elements, the installation and hazards. A step by step evacuation sequence is illustrated. The escape and evacuation sequence from the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling platform is reviewed based on testimonies from the survivors. Although no casualties were reported as a result of the EER operations from the Deepwater Horizon, the number of survivors offers a limited insight into the level of success of the EER operations. Several technical and non-technical improvements are suggested to improve EER operations. There is need for a comprehensive analysis of the systems used for the rescue of personnel at sea, life rafts and lifeboats in the Gulf of Mexico. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","Deepwater Horizon | Evacuation, escape and rescue | Major accident",Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2012-01-01,Article,"Skogdalen, Jon Espen;Khorsandi, Jahon;Vinnem, Jan Erik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857595725,,University Life,"In order to resolve issues in network-wide traffic signal control, transportation agencies worldwide sometimes revert to installation of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems. But, because of time pressure the buyers often have little time to consider the strengths and weaknesses of all systems fully. This often impairs effective decision-making in selecting the future Adaptive Traffic Control System and can lead to increased costs, lack of evident benefits, and even a shutdown of the system. In order to facilitate the effective decision-making of transportation agencies, this research focuses on providing compiled worldwide overview, comparison and analysis of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems features. The large-scale comparative analysis is bringing in different perspectives and experiences with Adaptive Traffic Control System installations. Potential lessons, coming from merged experiences from around the world, are relevant to applications in European transportation agencies.",,Traffic Engineering and Control,2012-01-01,Article,"Mladenovic, Milos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868336764,10.1007/978-3-642-34163-2_7,The iPhone at IVK,"We discuss how enterprise architecture management (EAM) supports different types of enterprise transformation (ET), namely planned, proactive transformation on the one hand and emergent, reactive transformation on the other hand. We first conceptualize EAM as a dynamic capability to access the rich literature of the dynamic capabilities framework. Based on these theoretical foundations and observations from two case studies, we find that EAM can be configured both as a planned, structured capability to support proactive ET, as well as an improvisational, simple capability to support reactive ET under time pressure. We argue that an enterprise can simultaneously deploy both sets of EAM capabilities by identifying the core elements of EAM that are required for both capabilities as well as certain capability-specific extensions. We finally discuss governance and feedback mechanisms that help to balance the goals of flexibility and agility associated with dynamic and improvisational capabilities, respectively. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.",Dynamic Capabilities | Enterprise Architecture Management | Enterprise Transformation,Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Abraham, Ralf;Aier, Stephan;Winter, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870971112,10.1109/MC.2009.118,Remaking the IT Management Curriculum,"We report on an experiment in redesign of curriculum for Information Technology (IT) management courses, a synthetic approach that attempts to combine the best features of explanation- and experience-based approaches. The IVK case series is a fictitious though realitybased story about the struggles of a newly appointed, not-technically-trained CIO in his first year on the job. The series constitutes a true-to-life novel, intended to involve students in an engaging story that simultaneously explores the nuances of major IT management issues. Three principles guided our development of this curriculum: 1) Emphasis on the business aspects of IT, independent of underlying technologies; 2) Student derivation of cumulative management frameworks arrived at via inductive in-class discussion; and 3) Identification of a set of core issues most vital in IT management practice, as a business discipline. We report results from using the curriculum with undergraduate and graduate students, and with executives at a multinational corporation.",Case-based learning | Information technology | IS education | IT management education,ICIS 2008 Proceedings - Twenty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Austin, Robert D.;Nolan, Richard L.;O'Donnell, Shannon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84255176464,10.1145/2074712.2074718,"iPremier (A), (B), and (C)","Motivation - To analyse human errors and determine the underlying reason for these errors, in particular by investigating the error production mechanism cognitive lockup. Research approach - A within subjects experiment has been conducted with 16 pilots in a high-fidelity and realistic environment. The independent variables were the cognitive task load factors time pressure and number of tasks, and the task variable task completion. In addition, the pilots rated the effort it took them to handle the tasks. To evaluate whether cognitive lockup occurred, the time it took the pilots to start handling a new, high-priority task was measured. Findings/Design - The results suggest that the cognitive task load factors, and the effort they induce in the pilots when executing the task, increase the likelihood of the occurrence of cognitive lockup. Research limitations/Implications - Investigating cognitive lockup empirically is limited, as it is a phenomenon rarely observable. Originality/Value - The research makes a contribution to understanding why pilots deviate from normative behaviour and with this to make it possible to improve the safety of operations on aircrafts. Take away message - The error production mechanism cognitive lockup might partially be explained by a high cognitive task load, produced by time pressure and a high number of tasks. © 2011 ACM.",aviation | cognitive lockup | cognitive task load model | simulator experiment,ECCE 2011 - European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2011: 29th Annual Conference of the European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics,2011-12-28,Conference Paper,"Looije, Rosemarijn;Mioch, Tina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83455162493,10.1109/WCRE.2011.30,Moods of Norway,"Illegal cyberspace activities are increasing rapidly and many software engineers are using reverse engineering methods to respond to attacks. The security-sensitive nature of these tasks, such as the understanding of malware or the decryption of encrypted content, brings unique challenges to reverse engineering: work has to be done offline, files can rarely be shared, time pressure is immense, and there is a lack of tool and process support for capturing and sharing the knowledge obtained while trying to understand plain assembly code. To help us gain an understanding of this reverse engineering work, we report on an exploratory study done in a security context at a research and development government organization to explore their work processes, tools, and artifacts. In this paper, we identify challenges, such as the management and navigation of a myriad of artifacts, and we conclude by offering suggestions for tool and process improvements. © 2011 IEEE.",exploratory study | reverse engineering | security setting,"Proceedings - Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE",2011-12-19,Conference Paper,"Treude, Christoph;Filho, Fernando Figueira;Storey, Margaret Anne;Salois, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82955176937,10.1109/IDAACS.2011.6072901,F-Secure Corporation,"The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of gaming simulation as a research method in project management. Gaming simulation is used for identifying the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants' attitudes in the early phase. By ambiguity we mean lack of clarity of goals and objectives of the project. Urgency refers to time pressure, in the sense that the project has to be completed within specified time frame. The results of the experiments shows that ambiguity and urgency leads to three significant response patterns by the project participants 1) the tendency to overly focus on the technical solution, 2) the tendency to make unverified assumptions 3) significance rise to personal emotions, such as fear, diffidence, competitiveness and eagerness. The results obtained using gaming simulation as a research method are consistent with previously published studies. The paper concludes that gaming simulation can be used in project management research. Threats to validity and reliability can be controlled to a satisfactory level if the game design and configuration guarantee an adequate level of realism and insight. © 2011 IEEE.",ambiguity | gaming | project management | simulation,"Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications, IDAACS'2011",2011-12-12,Conference Paper,"Hussein, Bassam A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864558135,10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00248,Project management simulation,"The influence of monetary incentives on performance has been widely investigated among various disciplines. While the results reveal positive incentive effects only under specific conditions, the exact nature, and the contribution of mediating factors are largely unexplored.The present study examined influences of payoff schemes as one of these factors. In particular, we manipulated penalties for errors and slow responses in a speeded categorization task.The data show improved performance for monetary over symbolic incentives when (a) penalties are higher for slow responses than for errors, and (b) neither slow responses nor errors are punished. Conversely, payoff schemes with stronger punishment for errors than for slow responses resulted in worse performance under monetary incentives. The findings suggest that an emphasis of speed is favorable for positive influences of monetary incentives, whereas an emphasis of accuracy under time pressure has the opposite effect. © 2011 Dambacher, Hübner and Schlösser.",Attentional effort | Flanker task | Monetary reward | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Frontiers in Psychology,2011-12-01,Article,"Dambacher, Michael;Hübner, Ronald;Schlösser, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871695883,10.1109/ICRA.2011.5980124,Cornered,"This paper is about generating plans over uncertain maps quickly. Our approach combines the ALT (A* search, landmarks and the triangle inequality) algorithm and risk heuristics to guide search over probabilistic cost maps. We build on previous work which generates probabilistic cost maps from aerial imagery and use these cost maps to precompute heuristics for searches such as A* and D* using the ALT technique. The resulting heuristics are probability distributions. We can speed up and direct search by characterising the risk we are prepared to take in gaining search efficiency while sacrificing optimal path length. Results are shown which demonstrate that ALT provides a good approximation to the true distribution of the heuristic, and which show efficiency increases in excess of 70% over normal heuristic search methods. © 2011 IEEE.",,Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Murphy, Liz;Newman, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857986530,10.1109/HICSS.2012.593,Successful innovation in a crisis,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether time pressure and cultural diversity influence psychological factors (i.e. motivation, and trust) in virtual teams. We also examine if the psychological factors shape information sharing in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing. We also find that national cultural diversity has negative relationship with information sharing. However, information sharing is found to be unrelated to solution quality. Additional statistical analyses demonstrate that sharing of process information is positively related to solution quality. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paul, Souren;He, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890656623,10.1109/ENABL.2003.1231428,The Mistake-BOOK EXCERPT-A new CIO grapples with how to sell the value of investments and confronts a past failure. Second in a series.,"Prior studies have suggested that time pressure and task completion play a role in the occurrence of cognitive lockup. However, supportive evidence is only partial. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate how both time pressure and task completion influence the occurrence of cognitive lockup, in order to better understand situations that could trigger the phenomenon. We found that if people have almost completed a task, the probability for cognitive lockup increases. We also found that the probability for cognitive lockup decreases, when people execute tasks for the second time. There was no effect of time pressure or an interaction effect found between task completion and time pressure. The results provide further support for the explanation that cognitive lockup up is the result of a decision making bias and that this bias could be triggered by the perception that a task is almost complete.",,CEUR Workshop Proceedings,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Schreuder, Ernestina J.A.;Mioch, Tina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884604477,,Cornered-book excerpt-A new CIO scrambles to contain a security breach & And keep his job.,"Researchers have exerted increasing efforts to understand how wikis can be used to improve team performance. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effect of the quantity of wiki use on performance in wiki-based communities; however, only inconclusive results have been obtained. Our study focuses on the quality of wiki use in a team context. We develop a construct of wiki-induced cognitive elaboration, and explore its nomological network in the team context. Integrating the literatures on wiki and distributed cognition, we propose that wiki-induced cognitive elaboration influences team performance through knowledge integration among team members. We also identify its team-based antecedents, including task involvement, critical norm, task reflexivity, time pressure and process accountability, by drawing on the motivated information processing literature. The research model is empirically tested using multiple-source survey data collected from 46 wiki-based student project teams. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are also discussed. © (2011) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.",Critical norm | Knowledge integration | Process accountability | Task involvement | Task reflexivity | Time pressure | Wiki-induced cognitive elaboration,"International Conference on Information Systems 2011, ICIS 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, Yixiang;Fang, Yulin;He, Wei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855824424,10.1109/SSRR.2011.6106783,""" You Won't Last a Year""-BOOK EXCERPT-A first-time CIO must restore his CEO's confidence in IT when he learns on the job. Is this mission possible?","Evacuation simulation is an effective way for exercising an evacuation plan. Various situations that may arise can be examined by computer simulations. Studying a human behavior in evacuation simulation is important to avoid the negative effect that may occur. We propose an evacuation model: ""Evacuee's Dilemma"", inspired by Prisoner's Dilemma in Game Theory. This model aims to describe helping behavior among evacuees. Evacuees are facing a dilemma to choose cooperate behavior: helping others and escaping together; or defect behavior: rush to exit. The dilemma occurs because offering help to other evacuees requires a cost: sacrificing their own resources. Therefore, helping other evacuees might risk their own life. However, if an evacuee chooses not to help, then the abnormal evacuees might not be able to survive. Unless there are other evacuees who offer help to the abnormal evacuees. We introduce Averaged Systemic Payoff in the evacuee's decision making. Multi-Agent Simulations are conducted with various settings. Simulation results reveal an interesting collective behavior. Rational evacuees increase the cooperate behavior under an extreme short time availability to evacuate. Instead of mass panic, we observed that the collective behavior of cooperation emerged in an evacuation with a high time pressure. We found that Averaged Systemic Payoff is effective to control the cooperation among rational evacuees. We also studied the influences of Solidarity, Neighborhood Range, and time pressure to Averaged Systemic Payoff. This finding is useful to avoid the defect behavior in evacuation, which might emerge to panic stampede or any other dangerous crowd situation. © 2011 IEEE.",Averaged Systemic Payoff | Collective Behavior | Cooperation | Evacuation Simulation | Evacuee's Dilemma | Game Theory | Help Behavior | Solidarity | Time Pressure,"9th IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, SSRR 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Suryotrisongko, Hatma;Ishida, Yoshiteru",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896417958,10.1007/s007660200008,Managing Differences (Innovations Case Discussion: Specialisterne),"Gender work segregation may be evidenced also in the different exposure of the two sexes to those working constraints which are considered more difficult with age, as the possibility to move from adverse work conditions to less demanding work plays un important role in the health related selection. Several studies carried out at European or national level, found a declining trend of physically demanding work in men, suggesting that men had more possibility to moving to less physically demanding jobs and that favourable differences between older and younger workers were more remarkable for older men than for older women as regards poor work postures and repetitive work. As to working under time pressure, this constraint had increased for both sexes, but the increase had been greatest among women. The high working rhythms are commonly associated with musculoskeletal pain, stress and poor perceived health. This study was mainly aimed at analysing gender differences in work-related health problems, focusing on relationships between the difficult in coping with work under time pressure with advancing age and some health complaints, such as musculoskeletal symptoms and self-reported health. A population of 1195 Italian workers employed in different productive sectors and divided into 5 age cohorts were interviewed regarding the difficulty, with age, of coping with high working rhythms. The relationships between working under time pressure and the presence of musculoskeletal complaints (back pain and multiple complaints) and poor health self-assessment were then explored. Female workers were more exposed to repetitive work with tight deadlines and to time pressure. Analyzing the occupational exposure by cohorts, a decreasing exposure frequency may be observed for men in the oldest cohorts, while the opposite was observed for women, who complained about these constraints as particularly difficult with ageing. Working under time pressure appeared to be the least tolerated constraint for women, who had a significantly higher Odds Ratio than men in all cohorts of age, with a greatest risk in the 52 years cohort. The high working rhythms were associated with poor health, both for musculoskeletal pain and perceived health, especially when the exposure resulted particularly difficult to bear with ageing, but in different ways for the two sexes. In women the interaction between repetitive work with high deadlines and musculoskeletal complaints, showed a statistically significantly association both for upper limbs and for multiple musculoskeletal symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed an increasing risk with age for women, while in men repetitive work with tight deadlines was associated with a poorly perceived health. When analyzing interactions between repetitive work with tight deadlines and poor health-assessment, a progressive increased risk was observed from the 42 to 52 year cohorts for men, and in the 47 year cohort for women. The possibility for men in avoiding the more demanding or difficult work can be hypothesized, such as more autonomy and control over their work situation, while for women it seems that the possibility of avoiding those working constraints which are especially poorly tolerated with ageing is less probable. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Economic Policies and Issues on a Global Scale,2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Barbini, Norma;Squadroni, Rosa;Sera, Francesco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84555204728,10.1504/IJART.2008.019882,Unlearning And Learning In The Innovation Economy,"The question of how consumers hunt for information when making choices has been raising curiosity of psychologists and marketing experts for a long time. Over sixty different determinants that affect the external information search were discussed. In this paper, we focus on the product characteristics, rather than consumer ones. More specifically, we focus on how the type of good (product or service) affects the information search. Goods are divided into utilitarian, used for their practicality, and hedonic goods, used for their pleasure value. For the purposes of this paper empirical study was conducted on a sample of 61 students. Respondents were given the task to simulate purchase decision making process for utilitarian good and hedonic good, during which they have recorded all encountered information sources. The results revealed that consumers who buy hedonic goods use the same number of information sources, regardless of time pressure. When they have more available time they devote more time but only to selected sources. They mostly use marketing-dominant sources. On the other hand, in case of utilitarian products, consumers use the same amount of time, regardless of time pressure, but are seeking information from more sources.",,Management,2011-12-01,Article,"Vlašić, Goran;Janković, Marko;Kramo-Čaluk, Amra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84892080536,10.1023/A:1011236117591,The Unlikely Conversation,"In today's cluttered media environment, advertisers are constantly insearch for new ways to improve the strength and effectiveness of theiradvertisements. They are continuously competing for the limited attentionresources of consumers, declaring a so called ""war for eye balls"" (Schiessl et al., 2003). Contrary to the traditional, sequential formats ofadvertising, new technologies like Interactive Digital Television (IDTV)allow simultaneous exposure to media content and interactive advertisingcontent using on-screen placements, television banners (Cauberghe and De Pelsmacker, 2008) or split-screen advertising (Chowdhury et al.,2007). Therefore, it is important to understand which factors determineviewer attention in today's cluttered and increasingly complex mediaenvironment.In this study, viewers are simultaneously exposed to both aninteractive advertisement and a program context using IDTV technology.By doing so, they are forced to divide their attention between bothinformation sources. This may lead to cognitive interference andconsequently to less attention devoted to the advertisement. Using eyetracking, we study the role of program environment, more specificallyhow a thematically (in)congruent program affects both visual attention toan interactive ad and involvement with the ad message. Also, weinvestigate how congruence moderates the effect of cognitive loadresulting from time pressure, while interacting with the interactive ad.Results show that when viewers are simultaneously exposed to acongruent context (i.e. the program and the interactive advertisement arethematically congruent), they devote more visual attention to the ad andjump more between the ad and the program than when the ad is processedin an incongruent context. Viewers are hindered and distracted by the factthat the information in the ad merges with the program context, thereforeneeding more time to disentangle both. Processing the information in anincongruent context, on the other hand, is less interfering and thusrequires less time. Also, time pressure significantly reduces ad viewingtime in the congruent context, while it does not affect viewing time in theincongruent situation. Further, results show a higher involvement with thead message in the incongruent that in the congruent condition butincreasing time pressure, on the other hand, does not appear to affectmessage involvement. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,"Advertising: Types, Trends and Controversies",2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Panic, Katarina;Cauberghe, Verolien;De Pelsmacker, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81355123383,10.3758/s13423-011-0143-4,"Knowledge Work, Craft Work and Calling","We examined retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in recognition from a dual-process perspective, which suggests that recognition depends on the outputs of a fast familiarity process and a slower recollection process. In order to determine the locus of the RIF effect, we manipulated the availability of recollection at retrieval via response deadlines. The standard RIF effect was observed in a self-paced test but was absent in a speeded test, in which judgments presumably depended on familiarity more than recollection. The findings suggested that RIF specifically affects recollection. This may be consistent with a context-specific view of retrieval inhibition. © 2011 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",Memory | Recognition | Retrieval-induced forgetting,Psychonomic Bulletin and Review,2011-01-01,Article,"Verde, Michael F.;Perfect, Timothy J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052822973,10.1016/j.joep.2011.08.001,The Phantom of the Opera,"We experimentally investigate how proposers in the Ultimatum Game behave when their cognitive resources are constrained by time pressure and cognitive load. In a dual-system perspective, when proposers are cognitively constrained and thus their deliberative capacity is reduced, their offers are more likely to be influenced by spontaneous affective reactions. We find that under time pressure proposers make higher offers. This increase appears not to be explained by more reliance on an equality heuristic. Analysing the behaviour of the same individual in both roles leads us to favour the strategic over the other-regarding explanation for the observed increase in offers. In contrast, proposers who are under cognitive load do not behave differently from proposers who are not. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Cognitive load | Dual-system theories | Experimental economics | Time pressure | Ultimatum Game,Journal of Economic Psychology,2011-12-01,Article,"Cappelletti, Dominique;Güth, Werner;Ploner, Matteo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858853371,,Bridging the gap between stewards and creators,"During the last years the duties and responsibilities of engineering units in the vehicle industry changed drastically. Time pressure, cost pressure and the complexity of products are constantly increasing. Furthermore, companies are working to a greater extent on an international basis. These reasons lead OEMs and suppliers to increase their cooperation and to undertake extensive efforts to optimize the processes in their supply chain. The research project aims at developing a workflow model which helps improving and accelerating the cooperation between clients and contractors in the product planning phase. Copyright © 2002-2012 The Design Society. All rights reserved.",Commercial vehicle industry | Integration of suppliers | Product development process | Requirements management,ICED 11 - 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - Impacting Society Through Engineering Design,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Stephan, Nicole Katharina;Schindler, Christian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053193044,,13 Measuring knowledge work,"As both time pressure (e.g., Gershuny 2005) and survey nonresponse (e.g., Curtin et al. 2005) increase in Western societies one can wonder whether the busiest people still have time for survey participation. This article investigates the relationship between busyness claims, indicators of busyness and the decline in survey participation in Flemish surveys conducted between 2002 and 2007. Using paradata collected during fieldwork, we investigate whether busyness related doorstep reactions have increased over the years and whether there is an empirical relationship between these busyness claims and indicators of busyness.©Statistics Sweden.",Doorstep reactions | Paradata | Survey participation | Time pressure,Journal of Official Statistics,2011-12-01,Article,"Vercruyssen, Anina;van de Putte, Bart;Stoop, Ineke A.L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858019181,10.1109/WSC.2011.6147939,Secom: Managing Information Security in a Risky World,"Significant focus has been placed on the development of functionality in simulation software to aid the development of models. As such simulation is becoming an increasingly pervasive technology across major business sectors. This has been of great benefit to the simulation community increasing the number of projects undertaken that allow organizations to make better business decisions. However, it is also the case that users are increasingly under time pressure to produce results. In this environment there is pressure on users not to perform the multiple replications and multiple experiments that standard simulation practice would demand. This paper discusses the innovative solution being developed by Saker Solutions and the ICT Innovation Group at Brunel University to address this issue using a dedicated Grid Computing System (SakerGrid) to support the deployment of simulation models across a desktop grid of PCs. © 2011 IEEE.",,Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kite, Shane;Wood, Chris;Taylor, Simon J.E.;Mustafee, Navonil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859230714,,CMM versus Agile,Technical Product Optimisation (TPO) is a second year course of the Bachelor of Industrial Design Engineering [1] at Delft University of Technology. The course has a DfA and a LCA practical exercise. The results of both exercises were poor on content and enthusiasm. Two important aspects play a role in it: the time pressure and same tasks for both exercises. The integrating DfA with LCA is necessary for better results and has a side effect that the students come from passive to active involvement. The integrated exercise was carried out in groups of four students. The student groups are doing tasks together and also a reasonable time separated in two couples of two. The student groups get a consumer product to make the DfA and LCA analysis for making a redesign. The experiment was an overwhelming success. The quality of reporting was high. Active student involvement in the exercise leads to creative solutions. A key aim of technical education is motivating students through interesting and engaging tasks. Moreover the objective is also to ensure that doing alone is not emphasized but writing on reflective note on the experience.,Design education | DFA | LCA | Optimization,"DS 69: Proceedings of E and PDE 2011, the 13th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lau, Langeveld",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861020079,10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00047-X,Design: More than a cool chair,"In housing projects a lot of time is spent for rework, entailing the risk of additional costs, time and deficient quality. As much as 50% or more of rework is originated in faulty output from the design phase. Activities within this phase are strongly interrelated and are carried out by several design consultants. Once the sequence of work in an ongoing project is interrupted the risk for loosing control is high. This results in, e.g., poor coordination of project participants, necessary changes in schedules, possible time pressure and about all a higher risk for making errors. The goal with this study is to reduce the risk of work sequence interruptions in the design phase of housing projects, or in terms of Lean, to make activities in the design phase flow. A timber housing multi dwelling building project in Sweden has been mapped in detail. In total 212 activities have been observed and recorded, spanning from the sales to the erection phase. Iterations (rework) have been identified by using process mining techniques in combination with supplemental interviews. A map of the complete design process consisting of 112 activities (exclusive of iteration) has been derived. A measurement model to detect process regions with a high share of iteration has been proposed that, together with the process map, serves as a starting point for further process optimisation. The efficiency of an activity is assessed by comparing the working hours, ignoring the time used for negative iteration (waste), with the working hours actually used to execute this activity. A Pareto-analysis of the occurring iteration with negative impact on quality then provides an indication of a suitable order for process optimisation.",Design phase | Efficiency | Measurement | Modelling | Standardisation,"Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2011 - Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Haller, Martin;Stehn, Lars",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856701986,10.1784/insi.2011.53.12.673,"Jack Carlisle, CIO","The human factors approach relies on understanding the properties of human capability and limitations under various conditions and the application of that knowledge in designing and developing safe systems. Following the principles of the MTO (Man Technology Organisation) approach, emphasis should be given to the way people interact with technical as well as organisational systems. A model describing human factor influences in relation to the performance shaping factors and their effect on manual ultrasonic inspection performance had been built and a part of it empirically tested. The experimental task involved repeated inspection of 18 defects according to the standard procedure under no, middle and high time pressure. Stress coping strategies, the mental workload of the task, stress reaction and organisational factors have been measured. The results have shown that time pressure, mental workload and experience influence the quality of the inspection performance. Organisational factors and their influence on the inspection results were rated as important by the operators. However, further research is necessary into the effects of stress.",,Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2011-12-01,Article,"Bertovic, M.;Gaal, M.;Müller, C.;Fahlbruch, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80755181224,10.1057/jors.2011.11,Innovations that Matter,"In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the information presentation format and project control. Furthermore, the effects of some system conditions, namely the number of projects to be controlled and the level of time pressure, on the quality of the project control decisions are analyzed. Information provided by Earned Value Analysis is used to monitor and control projects, and simulation is applied to replicate and model the uncertain project environments. Software is developed to generate random cost figures, to present the data in different visual forms and to collect users responses. Having performed the experiments, the statistical significance of the results is tested. © 2011 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",earned value analysis | project control | project management | simulation,Journal of the Operational Research Society,2011-01-01,Article,"Hazr, Ö;Shtub, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85163033118,10.30630/joiv.7.2.1816,Managing Business Risk of Information Technology,"Extant literature has shown that sectoral characteristics play a critical role in business value creation through information technology (IT). Therefore, managing IT and its associated risks needs to consider specific industrial traits to understand the distinct business nature and regulations that shape IT-enabled business value creation. This study presents an in-depth analysis of business goals, IT processes, and IT risks in the case of a pharmaceutical company through which appropriate controls are designed to ensure business value creation through IT. Drawing on a case study of a pharmaceutical company in Indonesia, we found that managing IT risks in the pharmaceutical industry entails two main objectives: 1) ensuring compliance with external laws and regulations as well as internal policies, 2) supporting the optimization of business functions, processes, and costs. Throughout one year of engagement during the project, this study identified ten risks associated with the operation of business processes. Risks are dominated by moderate levels given the current state of controls and appetite, most of which emerge from the company’s existing internal processes. Internal actors are involved in all risks, with most events occurring due to laws and regulations. Further, the study designs and elaborates IT risk controls by drawing from COBIT 5 Seven Enablers. Overall, IT risk management through cascading processes of analysis ensures the alignment of IT risk controls with achieving business goals in the pharmaceutical industry.",business value creation | business-IT alignment | Information technology risks | pharmaceutical industry,International Journal on Informatics Visualization,2023-01-01,Article,"Ramadani, Luthfi;Izzati, Berlian Maulidya;Tarigan, Yosephine Mayagita;Rosanicha, ",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863066898,10.1109/IEEM.2011.6118004,Evaluation of a Bonus Plan for Top Management Teams: Preliminary Results on The Validity of a Prescriptive Design Model,"Under the recent global worldwide economic crisis, small business enterprises (SBEs) are considered to be a major force behind the South Africa's economy. Regarding the strategy of quality management, probably the most serious constraint of SBEs is that the management is often constantly under time pressure, usually dealing with the urgent staff and operational matters. Quality management does not form the strategic basis of SBEs, which impacts on their sustainability as business enterprises. Thus, an effective quality management strategy is crucial to the sustainability of SBEs. This study proposed a quality strategy model by applying Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle for SBEs. A quantitative research paradigm was applied in the research. Cronbach's Alpha was utilised to test the reliability of each component of the model. The study results indicate that the proposed quality strategies can be implemented effectively by SBEs to ensure their sustainability. © 2011 IEEE.",PDSA | quality management | quality strategy | SBEs | South Africa | sustainability,IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yan, B.;Zhang, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856466158,10.1109/ETFA.2009.5347133,Performance Measurement and Management 2002: Research and Action: Papers from the Third International Conference on Performance Measurement,"The aim of this research is to test weather the perception of time availability different from the actual task time might modify the task's outcome. 92 students of Sixth Grade, randomized in 4 different groups were tested with the PMA spatial scale for a period. Although each group indeed had 5 minutes to respond, they were informed that the available time was: 3 minutes; 5 minutes; 7 minutes; and no time limit, respectively. Results show that the perception of a slightly larger availability of time improves significantly the performance, being the errors notably lesser than those in the other groups. Such results support some lines of evaluation processes enhancement, both academic and psychometric. © UPV/EHU.",Evaluation | Perception | Performance | Time availability | Time pressure,Revista de Psicodidactica,2011-12-01,Article,"Cladellas, Ramon;Castelló, Antoni",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865745272,10.21437/interspeech.2011-403,Measurement and Behavior,"A preliminary study on modelling tonal variation as a function of duration is carried out. An experimentally controlled acoustic database was utilized to construct functional linear models. In the construction of the linear models, duration was used as independent variable in predicting the shape of disyllabic pitch contours in Taiwan Mandarin, given the target tone sequences. Results showed that by moving duration values from short to long, tonal curve shapes of disyllables ranging from non-reduced to reduced were approximated with an adequate goodness-of-fit (usually below one semitone RMSE). This study provides a novel approach to examine the relation between duration and F0 realisation of small units such as disyllables and also supports the time pressure account of phonetic reduction in general. Copyright © 2011 ISCA.",Duration | Functional Data Analysis (FDA) | Functional linear models | Taiwan Mandarin | Tonal reduction,"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH",2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Chierh;Gubian, Michele",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870181670,10.1145/366413.364614,Knowledge Workers and the New Employment Contract,"Leading healthcare organizations are recognizing the need to incorporate the power of a decision efficiency approach driven by intelligent solutions. The primary drivers for this include the time pressures faced by healthcare professionals coupled with the need to process voluminous and growing amounts of disparate data and information in shorter and shorter time frames and yet make accurate and suitable treatment decisions which have a critical impact on successful healthcare outcomes. This research contends that such a context is appropriate for the application of real time intelligent risk detection decision support systems using Business Intelligence (BI) technologies. The following thus proposes such a model in the context of the case of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), an area which requires complex high risk decisions which need to be made expeditiously and accurately in order to ensure successful healthcare outcomes.",Business Intelligence (BI) | Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) | Decision support | Healthcare | Intelligence continuum (IC) | Risk detection,"17th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2011, AMCIS 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Moghimi, Fatemeh Hoda;Zadeh, Hossein Seif;Cheung, Michael;Wickramasinghe, Nilmini",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80455129266,10.1002/bdm.704,A survey of commonly applied methods for software process improvement,"Four experiments were conducted to explore the robustness of risky choice framing among military decision makers. In the first experiment the original version of the Asian disease problem was administered. In contrast to Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) original findings, military decision makers were not influenced by the gain and loss framing. They demonstrated risk-seeking behavior in both domains. In the second experiment, we administered a military version of the Asian disease problem. We found a significant framing effect, but it was unidirectional: The decision makers were risk seeking in both domains, but significantly more risk seeking in the loss domain. To explore the strength of this risk-seeking preference, we altered the problem in a third experiment, making the risky alternative 12.5% less attractive than the certain one. Again, we found risk-seeking behavior in both domains. Finally, we explored reasons for these deviations from prospect theory by comparing the responses of business students and military officers. In this analysis, we observed significantly higher levels of self-efficacy in the military sample, as compared to the civil sample, and that the self-efficacy influenced risk seeking only in the military sample. In a post hoc analysis we also found that years of education reduced risk-seeking preference. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Asian disease problem | Behavioral decision making | Military | Risky choice framing | Self-efficacy | Time pressure,Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2011-12-01,Article,"Haerem, Thorvald;Kuvaas, Bård;Bakken, Bjørn T.;Karlsen, Tone",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85148569040,10.1080/23779497.2022.2102527,Perspectives on defense acquisition,"Biotechnology is gaining priority along with other rapidly evolving disciplines in science and engineering due to its potential for innovating the modern military. The broad nature of biotechnology is directly relevant to the military and defence sector where the applications span clinical diagnostics, medical countermeasures and therapeutics, to environmental remediation and biofuels for energy. Although the process for a commercial biotech research and development (R&D) pipeline and the Department of Defence (DOD) acquisition cycle both aim to result in products, they follow two distinctly different pathways. In the biotech industry, the pipeline progresses from basic to applied science that includes design and R&D, commercialisation and product launch, where market forces and financial returns on investment drive priorities. Along the way, the scientific and iterative nature of R&D often results in several candidates for a given assay, drug, therapeutic or vaccine, many of which are unsuccessful or wind up in the so-called valley of death. The DOD acquisition process is a multi-phase and often multi-decade cradle-to-grave product lifecycle engrained in mission requirements, warfighter needs and creating legacy programmes of record. The biotech industry is composed of many small R&D and ‘big pharma’ companies that meet DOD’s unique medical mission requirements. These small R&D companies considered that non-traditional DOD acquisition partners are developing new innovations in biotechnology, but the complex DOD acquisition process is challenging for these small start-ups to navigate. Technology solutions that gain support through DOD acquisitions are able to successfully develop their products and bridge the valley of death by obtaining much needed funding for advanced development, test and evaluation, and demonstration through clinical trials. Our analysis profiles three case histories involving private-public partnerships that yielded biotech products developed through the DOD acquisition cycle that continues to meet current and future medical mission requirements.",Acquisition | biodefense | biotechnology | defence | product development | research and development,"Global Security - Health, Science and Policy",2022-01-01,Article,"Yeh, Kenneth B.;Du, Eric;Olinger, Gene;Boston, Donna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81855226181,10.1177/1071181311551195,Program in Information Management Department of Information Management College of Management,"This study illustrates how social-cognitive biases affects the decision making process of airline luggage screeners. Participants (n = 96) performed a computer simulated task to detect hidden weapons in 200 x-ray images of passenger luggage. Participants saw each image for two (high time pressure) or six seconds (low time pressure). In addition, participants observed pictures of the ""passenger"" (representing five races and both genders) who owned the luggage. The ""pre-anchor group"" answered questions about the passenger before the luggage image appeared, the ""post-anchor"" group answered questions after the luggage appeared, and the ""no-anchor group"" answered no questions. Results revealed that participants under high time pressure had lower hit rates and higher false alarms than those under low time pressure. Significant interactions between passenger gender and race were found for the no-anchor group; there were no significant effects within the pre- and post anchor groups. Finally, participants had higher false alarm rates in response to male than female passengers. Copyright 2011 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2011-11-28,Conference Paper,"Brown, Jeremy;Madhavan, Poornima",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81855193722,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0309-11.2011,The Future of IT Value,"Even in the simplest laboratory tasks older adults generally take more time to respond than young adults. One of the reasons for this age-related slowing is that older adults are reluctant to commit errors, a cautious attitude that prompts them to accumulate more information before making a decision (Rabbitt, 1979). This suggests that age-related slowingmaybe partly due to unwillingness on behalf of elderly participants to adopt a fast-but-careless setting when asked. We investigate the neuroanatomical and neurocognitive basis of age-related slowing in a perceptual decision-making task where cues instructed young and old participants to respond either quickly or accurately. Mathematical modeling of the behavioral data confirmed that cueing for speed encouraged participants to set low response thresholds, but this was more evident in younger than older participants. Diffusion weighted structural images suggest that the more cautious threshold settings of older participants may be due to a reduction of white matter integrity in corticostriatal tracts that connect the pre-SMA to the striatum. These results are consistent with the striatal account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff according to which an increased emphasis on response speed increases the cortical input to the striatum, resulting in global disinhibition of the cortex. Our findings suggest that the unwillingness of older adults to adopt fast speed-accuracy tradeoff settings may not just reflect a strategic choice that is entirely under voluntary control, but that it may also reflect structural limitations: age-related decrements in brain connectivity. © 2011 the authors.",,Journal of Neuroscience,2011-11-23,Article,"Forstmann, Birte U.;Tittgemeyer, Marc;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Derrfuss, Jan;Imperati, Davide;Brown, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255143791,10.1109/ICGSE.2011.32,Wireless Local Area Networks: Why Integration Is Inevitable,"In the era of globally distributed software engineering, the practice of outsourced, off shored software testing (OOST) has witnessed increasing adoption. Although there have been ethnographic studies of the development aspects of global software engineering and of the in-house practice of testing, there have been fewer studies of OOST, which to succeed, can require dealing with unique challenges. To address this limitation of the existing studies, we conducted - and, in this paper, report the findings of - an ethnographically- informed study of three vendor testing teams involved in OOST practice. Specifically, we studied how test engineers perform their tasks under deadline pressures, the challenges that they encounter, and their strategies for coping with the challenges. Our study provides insights into the differences and similarities between in-house testing and OOST, the influence of team structures on the degree of pressure experienced by test engineers in the OOST setup, and the factors that influence quality and productivity under OOST. © 2011 IEEE.",Ethnography | field study | human factors | qualitative study | software testing,"Proceedings - 2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, ICGSE 2011",2011-11-21,Conference Paper,"Shah, Hina;Sinha, Saurabh;Harrold, Mary Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81055148064,10.1109/ICMA.2011.5985693,Decision making under time pressure: a model for information systems research: References,"We propose an application of human-like decision-making to robotic motion learning. Human is known to have illogical symmetric cognitive biases that induce ""if p then q"" and ""if not q then not p"" from ""if q then p."" The loosely symmetric Shinohara model quantitatively represents the tendencies (Shinohara et al. 2007). Previous studies one of the authors have revealed that an agent with the model used as the action value function shows great performance in n-armed bandit problems, because of the illogical biases. In this study, we apply the model to reinforcement learning with Q-learning algorithm. Testing the model on a simulated giant-swing robot, we have confirmed its efficacy in convergence speed increase and avoidance of local optimum. © 2011 IEEE.",Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma | Giant-Swing Motion | non-Markov Property | Reinforcement Learning | Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff,"2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, ICMA 2011",2011-11-17,Conference Paper,"Uragami, Daisuke;Takahashi, Tatsuji;Alsubeheen, Hisham;Sekiguchi, Akinori;Matsuo, Yoshiki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001795731,10.1016/0030-5073(72)90045-1,Time pressure and performance of scientists and engineers: A five-year panel study,"Time pressure experienced by scientists and engineers predicted positively to several aspects of performance including usefulness, innovation, and productivity. Higher time pressure was associated with above average performance during the following five years, even when supervisory status, education, and seniority were controlled. Performance, however, did not predict well to subsequent reports of time pressure, suggesting a possible causal relationship from pressure to performance. High performing scientists also desired more pressure. Innovation and productivity (but not usefulness) were low if the pressure experienced was markedly above that desired. The five-year panel data derived from approximately. 100 scientists in a NASA laboratory. Some theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. © 1972.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1972-01-01,Article,"Andrews, Frank M.;Farris, George F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053953448,10.1007/s00265-011-1215-1,A contingency model for the selection of decision strategies,"Speed-accuracy tradeoffs are a common feature of decision-making processes, both in individual animals and in groups of animals working together to reach a single collective decision. Individual organisms display consistent differences in their ""impulsivity,"" and vary in their tendency to make rapid, impulsive choices as opposed to slower, more accurate decisions. However, we do not yet know whether groups of animals consistently differ in their tendency to prioritize decision speed over accuracy. We challenged 17 swarms of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to simultaneously choose a new nest site in each of three locations, and measured their decision speeds in each trial. We found that swarms displayed consistent personality differences in the number of waggle dances and shaking signals they performed and in how actively they scouted for new nest sites. However, swarms did not consistently differ in how long they took to choose a nest site. We suggest that house-hunting A. mellifera swarms may place an especially high emphasis on decision accuracy when choosing a nest site, and that chance events-such as the time when each swarm discovers a sufficiently high-quality nest site-may consequently play a greater role in determining a swarm's decision speed than intrinsic characteristics such as a swarm's ""impulsivity."" © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",Apis mellifera | Collective decision-making | Honey bees | Nest-site selection | Personality differences | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Swarm cognition,Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,2011-11-01,Article,"Wray, Margaret K.;Seeley, Thomas D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249116873,10.2307/248881,An investigation of the effectiveness of color and graphical information presentation under varying time constraints,"A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the influence of color and information presentation differences on user perceptions and decision making under varying time constraints. Three different information presentations were evaluated: tabular, graphical, and combined tabular-graphical. Tabular reports led to better decision making and graphical reports led to faster decision making when time constraints were low. The combined report, which integrated the advantages associated with both tabular and graphical presentation, was the superior report format In terms of performance and was rated very highly by decision makers. Color led to improvements in decision making; this was especially pronounced when high time constraints were present.",Graphic presentation | Information system design | User-machine systems,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1986-01-01,Article,"Benbasat, Izak;Dexter, Albert S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002416437,10.1016/0001-6918(81)90001-9,The effect of time pressure on risky choice behavior,"Thirty six subjects chose individually between pairs of gambles under three time pressure conditions: High (8 seconds), Medium (16 seconds) and Low (32 seconds). The gambles in each pair were equated for expected value but differed in variance, amounts to win and lose and their respective probabilities. Information about each dimension could be obtained by the subject sequentially according to his preference. The results show that subjects are less risky under High as compared to Medium and Low time pressure, risk taking being measured by choices of gambles with lower variance or lower amounts to lose and win. Subjects tended to spend more time observing the negative dimensions (amount to lose and probability of losing), whereas under low time pressure they preffered observing their positive counterparts. Information preference was found to be related to choices. Filtration of information and acceleration of its processing appear to be the strategies of coping with time pressure. © 1981.",,Acta Psychologica,1981-01-01,Article,"Ben Zur, Hasida;Breznitz, Shlomo J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051795825,10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.004,Time and organizations,"This functional neuroimaging (fMRI) study examined the neural networks (spatial patterns of covarying neural activity) associated with the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) in younger adults. The response signal method was used to systematically increase probe duration (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000. ms) in a nonverbal delayed-item recognition task. A covariance-based multivariate approach identified three networks that varied with probe duration-indicating that the SAT is driven by three distributed neural networks. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Functional neuroimaging | Neural networks | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Behavioural Brain Research,2011-10-31,Article,"Blumen, Helena M.;Gazes, Yunglin;Habeck, Christian;Kumar, Arjun;Steffener, Jason;Rakitin, Brian C.;Stern, Yaakov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84935556266,10.1177/0022002786030004003,Time Pressure and the Development of Integrative Agreements in Bilateral Negotiations,"A laboratory experiment examined the effects of time pressure on the process and outcome of integrative bargaining. Time pressure was operationalized in terms of the amount of time available to negotiate. As hypothesized, high time pressure produced nonagreements and poor negotiation outcomes only when negotiators adopted an individualistic orientation; when negotiators adopted a cooperative orientation, they achieved high outcomes regardless of time pressure. In combination with an individualistic orientation, time pressure produced greater competitiveness, firm negotiator aspirations, and reduced information exchange. In combination with a cooperative orientation, time pressure produced greater cooperativeness and lower negotiator aspirations. The main findings were seen as consistent with Pruitt's strategic-choice model of negotiation. © 1986, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Conflict Resolution,1986-01-01,Article,"Carnevale, Peter J.d.;Lawler, Edward J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053360586,10.1007/978-3-540-45143-3_7,An experimental gaming framework for investigating the influence of management information systems on decision effectiveness.,"In this study, we compared some fundamental characteristics of online Delphi (OL) and real-time Delphi (RT). We established a set of variables thru literature review; a platform was built to gather data with the involvement of dozens of testers. The findings of this study are including: (1) the time of use for RT is significant but the time pressure in RT survey made testers overwhelmed to manage progress of the exercise, therefore, some automatic functions are identified and suggested; (2) the RT can not only reduce time and costs needed for OL, but also can obviously increase the level of consensus in general; (3) the RT assisted in increasing convergence and consensus among testers. Furthermore, we proposed that the RT could have some potential applications which are leading to further studies. © 2011 IEEE.",,"PICMET: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Proceedings",2011-10-05,Conference Paper,"Hsieh, Chih Hung;Tzeng, Fang Mei;Wu, Chorng Guang;Kao, Jen Shan;Lai, Yun Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052023952,10.1016/j.jml.2011.05.002,Behavioral decision theory: Processes of judgement and choice,"The role of interference as a primary determinant of forgetting in memory has long been accepted, however its role as a contributor to poor comprehension is just beginning to be understood. The current paper reports two studies, in which speed-accuracy tradeoff and eye-tracking methodologies were used with the same materials to provide converging evidence for the role of syntactic and semantic cues as mediators of both proactive (PI) and retroactive interference (RI) during comprehension. Consistent with previous work (e.g., Van Dyke & Lewis, 2003), we found that syntactic constraints at the retrieval site are among the cues that drive retrieval in comprehension, and that these constraints effectively limit interference from potential distractors with semantic/pragmatic properties in common with the target constituent. The data are discussed in terms of a cue-overload account, in which interference both arises from and is mediated through a direct-access retrieval mechanism that utilizes a linear, weighted cue-combinatoric scheme. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Comprehension | Retrieval interference | Sentence processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Memory and Language,2011-10-01,Article,"Van Dyke, Julie A.;McElree, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249099872,10.2307/248853,Computer-based support for group problem-finding: An experimental investigation,"There is very little empirical research available on the effectiveness of decision support systems applied to decision-making groups operating in face-to-face meetings. In order to expand research in this area, a laboratory study was undertaken to examine the effects of group decision support systems (GDSS) technology on group decision quality and individual perceptions within a problem-finding context. A crisis management task served as the decision-making context. Two versions of the experimental task, one higher In difficulty and the other lower in difficulty, were administered to GDSS-supported and nonsupported decision-making groups, yielding a 2 X 2 factorial design. Decision quality was significantly better in those groups that received GDSS support. The GDSS was particularly helpful in the groups receiving the task of higher difficulty. Members' decision confidence and satisfaction with the decision process were, however, lower in the GDSS-supported groups than in the nonsupported groups. These findings expand knowledge of the applicability of GDSS for decision-making tasks and suggest that dissatisfaction may be a stumbling block in user acceptance of these systems.",Decision support | Group decision support systems | Problem solving,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Gallupe, R. Brent;Desanctis, Gerardine;Dickson, Gary W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000221243,10.2307/249456,Understanding Human-Computer Interaction for Information Systems Design,"Over the past 35 years, information technology has permeated every business activity. This growing use of information technology promised an unprecedented increase in end-user productivity. Yet this promise is unfulfilled, due primarily to a lack of understanding of end-user behavior. End-user productivity is tied directly to functionality and ease of learning and use. Furthermore, system designers lack the necessary guidance and tools to apply effectively what is known about human-computer interaction (HCI) during systems design. Software developers need to expand their focus beyond functional requirements to include the behavioral needs of users. Only when system functions fit actual work and the system is easy to learn and use will the system be adopted by office workers and business professionals. The large, interdisciplinary body of research literature suggest HCI's importance as well as its complexity. This article is the product of an extensive effort to integrate the diverse body of HCI literature into a comprehensible framework that provides guidance to system designers. HCI design is divided into three major divisions: system model, action language, and presentation language. The system model is a conceptual depiction of system objects and functions. The basic premise is that the selection of a good system model provides direction for designing action and presentation languages that determine the system's look and feel. Major design recommendations in each division are identified along with current research trends and future research issues.",Action language | Human factors | Presentation language | System model | User mental model | User-computer interface,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1991-01-01,Article,"Gerlach, James H.;Kuo, Feng Yang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986412087,10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02605.x,The effects of mandatory time limits in the voting booth on liberal-conservative voting patterns,"One hundred and forty college students, in either (a) 2‐minute time‐limit or (b) a no‐time‐limit condition, voted their conscience on actual pending legislation in their state in a test of hypothesis that such time limits in the voting booth created a stimulus overload situation. Such a situation was expected to result in dysfunctional adaptation responses, with unintended effects on voting patterns. Results indicated that subjects in the time stress condition voted significantly more conservatively on these issues. This conservative shift is interpreted as a function of overload, with serious political implications for urban planners, whose response to increasing population density often has been to increase the tempo by which citizens are processed through the cities’institutional and social services. Copyright © 1974, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",,Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1974-01-01,Article,"Hansson, Robert O.;Keating, John P.;Terry, Carmen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001388217,10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.212,"Goal commitment and the goal-setting process: Problems, prospects, and proposals for future research.","The purpose of this article is to examine the role of goal commitment in goal-setting research. Despite Locke's (1968) specification that commitment to goals is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of goal setting, a majority of studies in this area have ignored goal commitment. In addition, results of studies that have examined the effects of goal commitment were typically inconsistent with conceptualization of commitment as a moderator. Building on past research, we have developed a model of the goal commitment process and then used it to reinterpret past goal-setting research. We show that the widely varying sizes of the effect of goal difficulty, conditional effects of goal difficulty, and inconsistent results with variables such as participation can largely be traced to main and interactive effects of the variables specified by the model. © 1987 American Psychological Association.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1987-01-01,Article,"Hollenbeck, John R.;Klein, Howard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053021750,10.1109/SSIRI-C.2011.27,An investigation of the effects of presentation format and time pressure on decision-makers performing tasks of varying complexities,"Model based testing techniques are a breakthrough in the modern software development. The integration of state-of-the- art tools to automatically generate and evaluate tests from a model of the software product allows reducing the effort of testing activities while maintaining quality. A major problem for model based techniques is however the effort and the timing for the model specification. In practice, modeling for test case generation will often happen during the test phase instead of the design phase, implying that there is a high time pressure within the modeling process. Model views can help to reduce the effort spent for the modeling. In our work, we will present an useful approach to views for timed testing models, thus reducing the complexity of the modeling process. © 2011 IEEE.",Embedded systems | Modelbased testing | Timed testing,"2011 5th International Conference on Secure Software Integration and Reliability Improvement - Companion, SSIRI-C 2011",2011-09-26,Conference Paper,"Mitsching, Ralf;Weise, Carsten;Franke, Dominik;Gerlitz, Thomas;Kowalewski, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052366162,10.1007/978-3-642-23324-1_88,The effect of task demands and graphical format on information processing strategies,"In the increasing requirements of quick responses to the market, for the market competition became more fiercely and the customers' diversified needs of product increased. Enterprises realized the importance of collaboration between suppliers and partners, especially for saving response time to order. More and more enterprises feel the time pressure during the process of customer's need when they should satisfy customer's individual demands. Lowering down the logistics time means lowering logistics cost, especially the stock cost. Thus the market competition ability of business enterprises could be raised. While RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) techniques could reduce the dealing time on supply chain. How to use RFID techniques to decline inventory and waste is a tough issue. This article targeted on collaboration of supply chain in clothing industry for research object, a valid method for modeling of real-time supply chain collaboration was proposed. RFID technology was applied in stock management, as optimization method was adopted for inventory control based collaboration. A collaboration model was build to decline time, cost and waste. Finally, the application method was verified according emulation. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Collaboration | Optimization | Real-Time Supply Chain | RFID,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2011-09-08,Conference Paper,"Tao, Yi;Wu, Youbo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052392955,10.1007/s13394-011-0019-y,A theory of goal setting & task performance.,"This paper examines the anecdotal claim of ""Not enough time"" made by teachers when expressing their struggle to cover a stipulated syllabus. The study focuses on the actual experiences of a teacher teaching mathematics to a Year 7 class in Singapore according to a designated time schedule. The demands of fulfilling multiple instructional goals within a limited time frame gave rise to numerous junctures where time pressure was felt. The interactions between ongoing time consciousness and instructional decisions will be discussed. An examination of the role played by instructional goals sheds light on the nature and causes of time pressure situations. © 2011 Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, Inc.",Geometry teaching | Instructional goals | Problems of teaching | Time pressure,Mathematics Education Research Journal,2011-09-01,Article,"Leong, Yew Hoong;Chick, Helen L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958202385,10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.002,Behavioral foundations of system development.,"Due to the innate complexity of the task drivers have to manage multiple goals while driving and the importance of certain goals may vary over time leading to priority being given to different goals depending on the circumstances. This study aimed to investigate drivers' behavioral regulation while managing multiple goals during driving. To do so participants drove on urban and rural roads in a driving simulator while trying to manage fuel saving and time saving goals, besides the safety goals that are always present during driving. A between-subjects design was used with one group of drivers managing two goals (safety and fuel saving) and another group managing three goals (safety, fuel saving, and time saving) while driving. Participants were provided continuous feedback on the fuel saving goal via a meter on the dashboard. The results indicate that even when a fuel saving or time saving goal is salient, safety goals are still given highest priority when interactions with other road users take place and when interacting with a traffic light. Additionally, performance on the fuel saving goal diminished for the group that had to manage fuel saving and time saving together. The theoretical implications for a goal hierarchy in driving tasks and practical implications for eco-driving are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Behavioral regulation | Eco-driving | Goal management | Safety | Time pressure,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2011-09-01,Article,"Dogan, Ebru;Steg, Linda;Delhomme, Patricia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001456685,10.1016/0030-5073(79)90032-1,Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: A replication and extension,"The hypothesis that choice strategy is contingent upon task complexity was subjected to further testing using protocol analysis in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design laboratory study involving 40 subjects. As the number of alternatives increased, subjects switched from a one-stage, compensatory strategy to a multistage strategy involving first a noncompensatory screening stage followed by a compensatory evaluation of remaining alternatives. As the number of attributes per alternative increased, subjects differentially weighted the available information to simplify further the choice task. And as the complexity of the attributes increased, subjects tended to adopt a choice strategy with a screening strategy consisting of two separate stages. These findings were corroborated by separate analysis of quantitative measures of extent of processing and by separate analysis of latency measures. This study provides further support for the contingent processing hypothesis and for the attribute complexity hypothesis, and it increases our confidence in the use of protocol analysis as a viable process tracing technique. © 1979.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1979-01-01,Article,"Olshavsky, Richard W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001101354,10.1016/0030-5073(76)90022-2,Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: An information search and protocol analysis,"Two process tracing techniques, explicit information search and verbal protocols, were used to examine the information processing strategies subjects use in reaching a decision. Subjects indicated preferences among apartments. The number of alternatives available and number of dimensions of information available was varied across sets of apartments. When faced with a two alternative situation, the subjects employed search strategies consistent with a compensatory decision process. In contrast, when faced with a more complex (multialternative) decision task, the subjects employed decision strategies designed to eliminate some of the available alternatives as quickly as possible and on the basis of a limited amount of information search and evaluation. The results demonstrate that the information processing leading to choice will vary as a function of task complexity. An integration of research in decision behavior with the methodology and theory of more established areas of cognitive psychology, such as human problem solving, is advocated. © 1976.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1976-01-01,Article,"Payne, John W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960353147,10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00882.x,Contingent decision behavior.,"Persuasion has been extensively researched for decades. Much of this research has focused on different message tactics and their effects on persuasion (e.g., Chang & Chou, 2008; Lafferty, 1999). This research aims to assess whether the persuasion of a specific type of message is influenced by need for cognition (NFC) and time pressure. The 336 undergraduates participated in a 2 (message sidedness: one-sided/two-sided)×3 (time pressure: low/moderate/high) between-subjects design. Results indicate that two-sided messages tend to elicit more favorable ad attitudes than one-sided messages. As compared with low-NFC individuals, high-NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. Moderate time pressure tends to lead to more favorable ad attitudes than low time pressure and high time pressure. In addition, moderate time pressure is likely to elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than high time pressure, but does not elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than low time pressure. Furthermore, when high-NFC individuals are under low or moderate time pressure, two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages; however, message sidedness does not differentially affect the persuasion when high-NFC individuals are pressed for time. In contrast, one-sided messages are more persuasive than two-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under low or high time pressure, and two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under moderate time pressure. © 2011 The Author. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology © 2011 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.",Message sidedness | Need for cognition (NFC) | Persuasion | Time pressure,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2011-08-01,Article,"Kao, Danny Tengti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018081364,10.3758/BF03198244,Risky choice: An examination of information acquisition behavior,"The monitoring of information acquisition behavior, along with other process tracing measures such as response times, was used to examine how individuals process information about gambles into a decision. Subjects indicated preferences among specially constructed three-outcome gambles. The number of alternatives available was varied across the sets of gambles. A majority of the subjects processed information about the gambles in ways inconsistent with compensatory models of risky decision making, such as information integration (Anderson & Shanteau, 1970). Furthermore, the inconsistency between observed information acquisition behavior and such compensatory rules increased as the choice task became more complex. Alternative explanations of risky choice behavior are considered. © 1978 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Memory & Cognition,1978-09-01,Article,"Payne, John W.;Braunstein, Myron L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80051774405,10.1080/20445911.2011.550569,Situational constraints and work outcomes: The influences of a frequently overlooked construct,"Adaptive mechanisms to protect cognitive performance under stressors through compensation in energy investment have previously received much research attention. However, stressors have also often been found to substantially reduce both performance and investment. The mechanisms underlying this dual negative effect are still unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that stressors can immediately hamper performance, which in turn reduces energy investment in later phases. In an experiment (N=103), we compared control and stressor conditions (noise or time pressure), investigating the effects of stressors on performance and information-sampling investment (as behavioural measure of energy investment) in two phases of a judgement task. The results showed an instant negative effect of stressors on performance and a delayed negative effect on information-sampling investment. Furthermore, impaired initial performance predicted the decline in investment over time. Finally, the effects of stressors on investment decline were partially mediated through initial performance level. The present findings contribute to theories aiming to explain the relationship between hampered performance and motivational losses. © 2011 Psychology Press.",Investment | Judgement | Noise | Performance | Stressors | Time pressure,Journal of Cognitive Psychology,2011-08-01,Article,"Roets, Arne;Van Hiel, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986685602,10.1002/job.4030050406,Research note: The relationship between time pressure and performance: A field test of Parkinson's Law,,,Journal of Organizational Behavior,1984-01-01,Article,"Peters, Lawrence H.;O'Connor, Edward J.;Pooyan, Abdullah;Quick, James C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960301537,10.1007/978-1-4419-9794-4_30,The sciences of the artificial,"Time-dependent material functions of engineering plastics within the exploitation range of temperatures extend over several decades of time. For this reason material characterization is carried out at different temperatures and/or pressures within a certain experimental window, which for practical reasons extends typically over four decades of time. For example, when relaxation experiments in shear, are performed at different constant temperatures and/or pressures, a set of segments is obtained. Using the time-temperature and/or time-pressure superposition principle, these segments can be shifted along the logarithmic time-scale to obtain a master curve at a selected reference conditions. This shifting is commonly performed manually (""by hand""), and requires some experience. Unfortunately, manual shifting is not based on a commonly agreed mathematical procedure which would, for a given set of experimental data, yield always exactly the same master curve, independently of a person who executes the shifting process. Thus, starting from the same set of experimental data two different researchers could, and very likely will, construct two different master curves. In this paper we propose mathematical methodology which completely removes ambiguity related to the manual shifting procedures. Paper presents the derivation of the shifting algorithm and its validation using several simulated- and real- experimental data. ©2010 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc.",Algorithm for automated time-temperature shifting | Long-term behavior of polymers | Master curve | Time-temperature (-pressure) superposition principle,Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Gergesova, M.;Zupančič, B.;Emri, I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-49249146322,10.1016/0030-5073(79)90048-5,Process descriptions of decision making,"This paper introduces a representation system for the description of decision alternatives and decision rules. Examples of these decision rules, classified according to their metric requirements (i.e., metric level, commensurability across dimensions, and lexicographic ordering) in the system, are given. A brief introduction to process tracing techniques is followed by a review of results reported in process tracing studies of decision making. The review shows that most decision problems are solved without a complete search of information, which shows that many of the algebraic models of decision making are inadequate. When the number of aspects of a decision situation is constant, an increase in the number of alternatives (and a corresponding decrease in the number of dimensions) leads to a greater number of investigated aspects. Verbal protocols showed that decision rules belonging to the different groups were used by decision makers when making a choice. It was concluded that process tracing data can be fruitfully used in studies of decision making but that such data do not release the researcher from the burden of constructing theories or models in relation to which the data must then be analyzed. © 1979.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1979-01-01,Article,"Svenson, Ola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84985846653,10.1111/j.1540-5915.1991.tb00344.x,Cognitive fit: A theory‐based analysis of the graphs versus tables literature,"A considerable amount of research has been conducted over a long period of time into the effects of graphical and tabular representations on decision‐making performance. To date, however, the literature appears to have arrived at few conclusions with regard to the performance of the two representations. This paper addresses these issues by presenting a theory, based on information processing theory, to explain under what circumstances one representation outperforms the other. The fundamental aspects of the theory are: (1) although graphical and tabular representations may contain the same information, they present that information in fundamentally different ways; graphical representations emphasize spatial information, while tables emphasize symbolic information; (2) tasks can be divided into two types, spatial and symbolic, based on the type of information that facilitates their solution; (3) performance on a task will be enhanced when there is a cognitive fit (match) between the information emphasized in the representation type and that required by the task type; that is, when graphs support spatial tasks and when tables support symbolic tasks; (4) the processes or strategies problem solvers use are the crucial elements of cognitive fit since they provide the link between representation and task; the processes identified here are perceptual and analytical; (5) so long as there is a complete fit of representation, processes, and task type, each representation will lead to both quicker and more accurate problem solving. The theory is validated by its success in explaining the results of published studies that examine the performance of graphical and tabular representations in decision making. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",and | Decision Support Systems | Human Information Processing | Management Information Systems,Decision Sciences,1991-01-01,Article,"Vessey, Iris",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002316142,10.1287/isre.2.1.63,Cognitive fit: An empirical study of information acquisition,"This research suggests that providing decision support systems to satisfy individual managers' desires will not have a large effect on either the efficiency or the effectiveness of problem solving. Designers should, instead, concentrate on determining the characteristics of the tasks that problem solvers must address, and on supporting those tasks with the appropriate problem representations and support tools. Sufficient evidence now exists to suggest that the notion of cognitive fit may be one aspect of a general theory of problem solving. Suggestions are made for extending the notion of fit to more complex problem-solving environments. Copyright © 1991, The Institute of Management Sciences.",Cognitive fit | Information acquisition | Numeric skills | Spatial skills | Spatial tasks | Symbolic tasks,Information Systems Research,1991-01-01,Article,"Vessey, Iris;Galletta, Dennis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84965459141,10.1177/014920639201800309,Meta-analysis of the antecedents of personal goal level and of the antecedents and consequences of goal commitment,"Meta-analyses were conducted to examine the antecedents of personal goal level, and the antecedents and consequences of goal commitment based on 78 goal-setting studies. Meta-analyses of the antecedents of personal goal level indicated that prior performance and ability were significantly related to personal goals whereas knowledge of results had a marginally significant relationship with personal goal level. The relationships of three antecedent variables with goal commitment were found to be statistically significant (i.e., self-efficacy, expectancy of goal attainment, and task difficulty), whereas task complexity had a marginally significant relationship with goal commitment. The results of the meta-analyses on the consequences of goal commitment showed goal commitment to significantly affect goal achievement. A model was developed that integrated the results of the meta-analyses with conceptually derived variables and relationships. © 1992, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Management,1992-01-01,Article,"Wofford, J. C.;Goodwin, Vicki L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001026839,10.1037/h0037186,"The harassed decision maker: Time pressures, distractions, and the use of evidence","Investigated dominant simplifying strategies people use in adapting to different information processing environments. It was hypothesized that judges operating under either time pressure or distraction would systematically place greater weight on negative evidence than would their counterparts under less strainful conditions. 6 groups of male undergraduates (N = 210) were presented 5 pieces of information to assimilate in evaluating cars as purchase options. 3 groups operated under varying time pressure conditions, while 3 groups operated under varying levels of distraction. Data usage models assuming disproportionately heavy weighting of negative evidence provided best fits to a signficantly higher number of Ss in the high time pressure and moderate distraction conditions. Ss attended to fewer data dimensions in these conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1974 American Psychological Association.","time pressure & distraction, weighting of positive vs negative information in decision making, male college students",Journal of Applied Psychology,1974-10-01,Article,"Wright, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021393854,10.1080/00140138408963489,"Time pressure, training and decision effectiveness","An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of time pressure and of training on the utilization of compensatory multi-attribute (MAU) decision processes. Sixty subjects made buying decisions with and without training in the process of compensatory MAU decision-making. This was repeated with and without time pressure. It was found that training resulted in more effective decision making only under the 'no time pressure' condition. Under time pressure the training did not improve the quality of decision making at all, and the effectiveness of the decisions was significantly lower than under no time pressure. It was concluded that specific training methods should be designed to help decision makers improve their decisions under time pressure. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Decisions | Effectiveness | Time pressure | Training,Ergonomics,1984-01-01,Article,"Zakay, Dan;Wooler, Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957717066,10.1016/j.surg.2010.12.005,"Papers citing ""Decision making under time pressure: a model for information systems research""","Background: There is gathering interest in determining the typical sources of stress for an operating surgeon and the effect that stressors might have on operative performance. Much of the research in this field, however, has failed to measure stress levels and performance concurrently or has not acknowledged the differential impact of potential stressors. Our aim was to examine empirically the influence of different sources of stress on trained laparoscopic performance. Methods: A total of 30 medical students were trained to proficiency on the validated Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery peg transfer task, and then were tested under 4 counterbalanced test conditions: control, evaluation threat, multitasking, and time pressure. Performance was assessed via completion time and a process measure reflecting the efficiency of movement (ie, path length). Stress levels in each test condition were measured using a multidimensional approach that included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the subject's heart rate while performing a task. Results: The time pressure condition caused the only significant increase in stress levels but did not influence completion time or the path length of movement. Only the multitasking condition significantly increased completion time and path length, despite there being no significant increase in stress levels. Overall, the STAI and heart rate measures were not correlated strongly. Conclusion: Recommended measures of stress levels do not necessarily reflect the demands of an operative task, highlighting the need to understand better the mechanisms that influence performance in surgery. This understanding will help inform the development of training programs that encourage the complete transfer of skills from simulators to the operating room. © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Surgery,2011-06-01,Article,"Poolton, Jamie M.;Wilson, Mark R.;Malhotra, Neha;Ngo, Karen;Masters, Rich S.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032074640,10.1287/mnsc.44.5.645,Improving decision making by means of a marketing decision support system,"Marketing decision makers are confronted with an increasing amount of information. This leads to a complex decision environment that may cause decision makers to lapse into using mental-effort-reducing heuristics such as anchoring and adjustment. In an experimental study, we find that the use of a marketing decision support system (MDSS) increases the effectiveness of marketing decision makers. An MDSS is effective because it assists its users in identifying the important decision variables and, subsequently, making better decisions based on those variables. Decision makers using an MDSS are also less susceptible to applying the anchoring and adjustment heuristic and, therefore, show more variation in their decisions in a dynamic environment. Low-analytical decision makers and decision makers operating under low time pressure especially benefit from using an MDSS.",Decision Support Systems | Managerial Decision Making | Marketing,Management Science,1998-01-01,Article,"Van Bruggen, Gerrit H.;Smidts, Ale;Wierenga, Berend",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032223721,10.1080/07421222.1998.11518212,The effects of time pressure and completeness of information on decision making,"The Israeli Air Force (IAF) has developed a simulation system to train its top commanders in how to use defensive resources in the face of an aerial attack by enemy combat aircraft. During the simulation session, the commander in charge allocates airborne and standby resources and dispatches or diverts aircraft to intercept intruders. Seventy-four simulation sessions were conducted in order to examine the effects of time pressure and completeness of information on the performance of twenty-nine top IAF commanders. Variables examined were: (1) display of complete versus incomplete information, (2) time-constrained decision making versus unlimited decision time, and (3) the difference in performance between top strategic commanders and mid-level field commanders. Our results show that complete information usually improved performance. However, field commanders (as opposed to top strategic commanders) did not improve their performance when presented with complete information under pressure of time. Time pre ssure usually, but not always, impaired performance. Top commanders tended to make fewer changes in previous decisions than did field commanders.",Decision making | Effectiveness of incomplete information | Information effectiveness | Time-constrained decision making | Value of information,Journal of Management Information Systems,1998-01-01,Article,"Ahituv, Niv;Igbaria, Magid;Sella, Aviem",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033235401,10.1287/mksc.18.3.196,The success of marketing management support systems,"This paper provides an introduction to this Special Issue by a) providing a framework for evaluating the potential and actual success of marketing management support systems (MMSS), and b) briefly discussing how each paper in this Special Issue addresses the general topic of managerial decision making. The paper concludes by outlining some key questions that still need to be addressed.",Decision aids | Managerial decision making | Measures of success,Marketing Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Wierenga, Berend;Van Bruggen, Gerrit H.;Staelin, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955684258,10.1108/09699981111126205,Maximizing strategic value from megaprojects: The influence of information-feed on decision-making by the project manager,"Purpose - Construction is a competitive, ever-changing, and challenging industry. Therefore, it is not surprising that the majority of construction professionals suffer from stress, especially construction project managers (C-PMs), who are often driven by the time pressures, uncertainties, crisis-ridden environment, and dynamic social structures that are intrinsic to every construction project. Extensive literature has indicated that stress can be categorized into: job stress, burnout, and physiological stress. This study aims to investigate the impact of stress on the performance of C-PMs. Design/methodology/approach - To investigate the relationships between stress and performance among C-PMs, a questionnaire was designed based on the extensive literature, and was sent to 500 C-PMs who had amassed at least five years' direct working experience in the construction industry. A total of 108 completed questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 21.6 percent. Based on the data collected, an integrated structural equation model of the stresses and performances of C-PMs was developed using Lisrel 8.0. Findings - The results of structural equation modelling reveal the following: job stress is the antecedent of burnout, while burnout can further predict physiological stress for C-PMs; job stress is negatively related only to their task performance; both burnout and physiological stress are negatively related to their organizational performance; and task performance leads positively to their interpersonal performance. Recommendations are given based on the findings to enhance their stress and performance levels. Originality/value - This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the impact of various types of stress on the performances of C-PMs. The result constitutes a significant step towards the stress management of C-PMs in the dynamic and stressful construction industry. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Construction industry | Performance management | Project management | Stress,"Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management",2011-05-11,Article,"Leung, Mei Yung;Chan, Yee Shan Isabelle;Dongyu, Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14744284944,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.10.003,The effects of task complexity and time availability limitations on human performance in database query tasks,"Prior research on human ability to write database queries has concentrated on the characteristics of query interfaces and the complexity of the query tasks. This paper reports the results of a laboratory experiment that investigated the relationship between task complexity and time availability, a characteristic of the task context not investigated in earlier database research, while controlling the query interface, data model, technology, and training. Contrary to expectations, when performance measures were adjusted by the time used to perform the task, time availability did not have any effects on task performance while task complexity had a strong influence on performance at all time availability levels. Finally, task complexity was found to be the main determinant of user confidence. The implications of these results for future research and practice are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Database query task | Task complexity | Time availability | Time pressure | Usability,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2005-03-01,Article,"Topi, Heikki;Valacich, Joseph S.;Hoffer, Jeffrey A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349297179,10.1509/jmkg.74.6.94,Geographical information systems–based marketing decisions: Effects of alternative visualizations on decision quality,"Marketing planners often use geographical information systems (GISs) to help identify suitable retail locations, regionally distribute advertising campaigns, and target direct marketing activities. Geographical information systems thematic maps facilitate the visual assessment of map regions. A broad set of alternative symbolizations, such as circles, bars, or shading, can be used to visually represent quantitative geospatial data on such maps. However, there is little knowledge on which kind of symbolization is the most adequate in which problem situation. In a large-scale experimental study, the authors show that the type of symbolization strongly influences decision performance. The findings indicate that graduated circles are appropriate symbolizations for geographical information systems thematic maps, and their successful utilization seems to be virtually Independent of personal characteristics, such as spatial ability and map experience. This makes circle symbolizations particularly suitable for effective decision making and cross-functional communication. © 2010, American Marketing Association.",Cartograms | Data visualization | Geographical information systems thematic maps | Spatial marketing decisions | Symbolization,Journal of Marketing,2010-11-01,Article,"Ozimec, Ana Marija;Natter, Martin;Reutterer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955560172,10.1109/MS.2011.68,Why wait? Modeling factors that influence the decision of when to learn a new use of technology,"One of the biggest challenges that organizations face today in holding and learning from retrospectives is the issue of distributed teams. Even though we know that face-to-face meetings are better, we often deal with budget constraints and time pressure. I was happy to meet John at the 2010 SATURN conference and learn of his experience at Intel. He has a good, useful story to share and, after all, learning from the past is what retrospectives are all about! © 2011 IEEE.",retrospectivevirtual retrospectiveprocess improvementsoftware development,IEEE Software,2011-05-01,Article,"Terzakis, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036885481,10.1016/S0167-9236(01)00136-1,Decision-making under time pressure with different information sources and performance-based financial incentives—Part 2,"In Part 2, we examine the viability of the new symbolic language that we described in Part 1, in a specific setting. Using an abstract classification task that involves decision-making under time pressure, we study multiple measures of subject performance at this task using the new language vis-à-vis written and spoken English. Initial experimental results suggest that, despite its relative novelty, the proposed language is at least as effective as the more traditional communication modes in the specific setting examined, while succinctly conveying what must be conveyed. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision-making | Ex-ante DSS evaluation | Induced value theory | Mobile computing | Multimedia systems | Symbolic language | Time pressure,Decision Support Systems,2002-12-01,Article,"Marsden, James R.;Pakath, Ramakrishnan;Wibowo, Kustim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,Decision making under time pressure: an investigation of decision speed and decision quality of computer-supported groups,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649445836,10.1016/j.jretai.2010.07.011,Testing the negative effects of time pressure in retail supply chain relationships,"In today's rapidly evolving business environment, retailers must develop highly responsive supply chains in order to satisfy constantly changing market demands. One approach to achieving this objective is to leverage the capabilities of other supply chain members to achieve cycle time compression of key business activities. However, when viewed through the theoretical lenses of Social Exchange Theory and Reciprocity, a potential conflict exists between facilitating supply chain responsiveness and maintaining close retailer-supplier relationships. The purpose of this research is to quantitatively test how the imposition of time pressure affects key elements of retail supply chain relationships. Scenario based experimental methodology was utilized to test the effects of time pressure on two distinct types of retailer-supplier relationships. Results of this research offer evidence to support the notion that time pressure can reduce collaborative behaviors, relationship loyalty, and relationship value in critical retailer-supplier relationships. © 2010 New York University.",Experimentation | Retailer-supplier relationships | Supplier management | Supply chain management | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2010-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Esper, Terry L.;Stank, Theodore P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645025876,10.1108/13673270410548469,Critical issues in research on real-time knowledge management in enterprises,"This paper aims to identify and articulate critical research issues in the emerging area of real-time knowledge management (RT-KM) in enterprises, in order to stimulate other researchers to further pursue them. The paper creates a framework around which it identifies and examines research issues and challenges that become salient and critical when knowledge sharing and creation need to happen in near real-time. The framework is based on two drivers: Increasing the requirements to plan for quickening the action-learning loop in the enterprise, and increasing requirements in planning for emergence. The action-learning loop is further articulated through the “observe, orient, decide, and act” (OODA) framework that is suited to sense-and-respond environments. Through the framework six sets of critical research challenges are identified around RT-KM in enterprises: Challenges around managing the quality of information in RT-KM, challenges around improving the selective and intensive aspects of managerial attention in RT-KM, challenges around making core business processes better suited to RT-KM, challenges around integrating multiple distributed perspectives unpredictably in RT-KM, challenges around developing heuristics in a way that allow real-time emergence, and challenges around effectively capturing actions and learning for later reuse in RT-KM. The issues and challenges identified are suggestive rather than exhaustive. Based on observations from real field case studies in industry, and driven by an industry need for better RT-KM. This paper brings together the concepts of vigilant information systems, OODA loops, and emergence and applies them through a framework to identify research issues and challenges in this new emerging area of RT-KM. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",,Journal of Knowledge Management,2004-08-01,Article,"Sawy, Omar A.;Majchrzak, Ann",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Information foraging on the web: The effects of “acceptable” Internet delays on multi-page information search behavior,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034299718,10.1016/S0164-1212(00)00033-9,"An experimental investigation of the impact of individual, program, and organizational characteristics on software maintenance effort","Resources allocated to software maintenance constitute a major portion of the total lifecycle cost of a system and can effect the ability of an organization to react to dynamic environments. A major component of software maintenance resources is analyst and programmer labor. This paper is an experimental evaluation of how the Human Information Processing (HIP) model can serve as a framework for examining the interaction of an individual's information processing capability and characteristics of the maintenance task. Independent variables investigated include program size, control flow complexity, variable name mnemonicity, time pressure, level of semantic knowledge and some of their interactions on maintenance effort. Data collection was done using the Program Maintenance Performance Testing System (PROMPTS) designed especially for the experiment. The results indicate that a HIP perspective on software maintenance may contribute to a decrease in maintenance cost and increase the responsiveness of maintenance to changing organizational needs.",,Journal of Systems and Software,2000-01-01,Article,"Ramanujan, Sam;Scamell, Richard W.;Shah, Jaymeen R.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40849096082,10.1177/0013164407308510,Assessing general and specific attitudes in human learning behavior: An activity perspective and a multilevel modeling approach,"This article proposes a multilevel modeling approach to study the general and specific attitudes formed in human learning behavior. Based on the premises of activity theory, it conceptualizes the unit of analysis for attitude measurement as a scalable and evolving activity system rather than a single action. Measurement issues related to this conceptualization, including scale development and validation, are discussed with the help of facet analysis and multilevel structural equation modeling techniques. An empirical study was conducted, and the results indicate that this approach is theoretically and methodologically defensible. © 2008 Sage Publications.",Activity theory | Expansive learning | Facet analysis | General attitude | Measurement validity | Multilevel structural equation modeling | Specific attitude,Educational and Psychological Measurement,2008-01-01,Article,"Sun, Jun;Willson, Victor L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886498923,10.1007/s10796-009-9189-5,The Influence of pressure to perform and experience on changing perceptions and user performance: a multi-method experimental analysis,"To address shortcomings of predominately subjective measures in empirical IS research on IT usage and human-computer interaction, this paper uses a multi-method experimental analysis extending empirical surveying with objective measures from eyetracking and electrodermal activity (EDA). In a three stage process, objective user performance is observed in terms of task fulfillment and user performing of participants in four focus groups, classified by user system experience and the treatment pressure to perform. Initial results of this research-in-progress reveal that users with prior system experience perform considerably better and faster than users without system experience. This also accounts for users under pressure to perform compared to users without pressure to perform. However, the results of the EDA show that users under pressure to perform also have a higher objective strain level. Furthermore, a first regression analysis outlines that objective performance might help to understand user's system satisfaction to a greater extent.",Electrodermal activity | Experimental analysis | Eye-tracking | Objective data | Pressure to perform | System experience | User performance,"International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Eckhardt, Andreas;Maier, Christian;Buettner, Ricardo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-83655184809,10.1002/asi.21670,Why different people prefer different systems for different tasks: An activity perspective on technology adoption in a dynamic user environment,"In a contemporary user environment, there are often multiple information systems available for a certain type of task. Based on the premises of Activity Theory, this study examines how user characteristics, system experiences, and task situations influence an individual's preferences among different systems in terms of user readiness to interact with each. It hypothesizes that system experiences directly shape specific user readiness at the within-subject level, user characteristics and task situations make differences in general user readiness at the between-subject level, and task situations also affect specific user readiness through the mediation of system experiences. An empirical study was conducted, and the results supported the hypothesized relationships. The findings provide insights on how to enhance technology adoption by tailoring system development and management to various task contexts and different user groups. © 2011 ASIS&T.",,Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2012-01-01,Article,"Sun, Jun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052985745,10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4_1,How do decision time and realism affect map-based decision making?,"We commonly make decisions based on different kinds of maps, and under varying time constraints. The accuracy of these decisions often can decide even over life and death. In this study, we investigate how varying time constraints and different map types can influence people's visuo-spatial decision making, specifically for a complex slope detection task involving three spatial dimensions. We find that participants' response accuracy and response confidence do not decrease linearly, as hypothesized, when given less response time. Assessing collected responses within the signal detection theory framework, we find that different inference error types occur with different map types. Finally, we replicate previous findings suggesting that while people might prefer more realistic looking maps, they do not necessarily perform better with them. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",empirical map evaluation | shaded relief maps | slope maps | time pressure,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2011-09-26,Conference Paper,"Wilkening, Jan;Fabrikant, Sara Irina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878574772,10.1080/15230406.2013.762140,How users interact with a 3D geo-browser under time pressure,"Interactive 3D geo-browsers, also known as globe viewers, are popular, because they are easy and fun to use. However, it is still an open question whether highly interactive, 3D geographic data browsing, and visualization displays support effective and efficient spatio-temporal decision making. Moreover, little is known about the role of time constraints for spatiotemporal decision-making in an interactive, 3D context. In this article, we present an empirical approach to assess the effect of decision-time constraints on the quality of spatio-temporal decision-making when using 3D geo-browsers, such as GoogleEarth, in 3D task contexts of varying complexity. Our experimental results suggest that while, overall, people interact more with interactive geo-browsers when not under time pressure, this does not mean that they are also more accurate or more confident in their decisions when solving typical 3D cartometric tasks. Surprisingly, we also find that 2D interaction capabilities (i.e., zooming and panning) are more frequently used for 3D tasks than 3D interaction tools (i.e., rotating and tilting), regardless of time pressure. Finally, we find that background and training of tested users do not seem to influence 3D task performance. In summary, our study does not provide any evidence for the added value of using interactive 3D globe viewers when needing to solve 3D cartometric tasks with or without time pressure. © 2013 Cartography and Geographic Information Society.",Geo-browsers | Map interaction | Time pressure,Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2013-06-10,Article,"Wilkening, Jan;Fabrikant, Sara Irina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747149901,10.1108/01443570610682625,The strategic pursuit of mix flexibility through operators' involvement in decision making,"Purpose - Fast-paced, hyper-competitive environments require organizations to use flexible resources and delegate decision making. This paper aims to examine the synergistic effects of operators' involvement in decision making (IIDM) and equipment reliability across operations on mix flexibility when speed is emphasized. A theoretical framework integrating strategic decision making and operations management theories is proposed to uncover the dynamics of such relationships. Design/methodology/approach - Both objective and subjective data were collected at the individual level from different sources in a single organization. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the framework. Findings - Results show that: an emphasis on speed and experience interact to predict IIDM; and IIDM and machine reliability have compensatory effects in predicting mix flexibility, i.e. greater operator IIDM results in a more varied output mix, but this effect wanes as machine reliability increases. Research limitations/implications - The use of a single research facility permitted extensive data collection and strengthened internal validity, but it also limited the generalizability of the results. Assuaging this concern is the fact that the results support well-established theories. Originality/value - Labor flexibility should be construed in terms of job enlargement and enrichment. For organizations, the study highlights the importance of a well-trained workforce to support and exploit technological capabilities. It also sets parameters over which decision making is most effective. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Decision making | Flexibility | Human resource management,International Journal of Operations and Production Management,2006-08-18,Article,"Karuppan, Corinne M.;Kepes, Sven",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79551709966,10.1093/heapro/daq060,Real-time planning support: A task-technology fit perspective,"Lack of time is the main reason people say they do not exercise or use public transport, so addressing time barriers is essential to achieving health promotion goals. Our aim was to investigate how time barriers are viewed by the people who develop programs to increase physical activity or use active transport. We studied five interventions and explored the interplay between views and strategies. Some views emphasized personal choice and attitudes, and strategies to address time barriers were focused on changing personal priorities or perceptions. Other views emphasized social-structural sources of time pressures, and provided pragmatic ideas to free up time. The most nuanced strategies to address time barriers were employed by programs that researched and solicited the views of potential participants. Two initiatives re-shaped their campaigns to incorporate ways to save time, and framed exercise or active transport as a means to achieve other, pressing, priorities. Time shortages also posed problems for one intervention that relied on the unpaid time of volunteers. Time-sensitive health and active transport interventions are needed, and the methods and approaches we describe could serve as useful, preliminary models. © The Author (2010).",active transport | health equity | physical activity | time pressure,Health Promotion International,2011-03-01,Article,"Strazdins, Lyndall;Broom, Dorothy H.;Banwell, Cathy;McDonald, Tessa;Skeat, Helen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78951489612,10.1109/TEM.2010.2048914,"User acceptance of knowledge-based system recommendations: Explanations, arguments, and fit","Bringing new products to market requires team effort. New product development teams often face demanding schedules and high deliverable expectations, making time pressure a common experience at the workplace. Past literature have generally associated the relationship between time pressure and performance based on the inverted-U model, where low and high levels of time pressure are related to poor performance. However, teams do not necessarily perform worse when the levels of time pressure are high. In contrast, there are numerous examples of high-performance teams in intense time-pressure situations. The purpose of this study is to reconcile some of the discrepancies concerning the effects of time pressure by considering the nature of stress. This study is also designed to investigate time pressure at team level - an area that is not well investigated. A model of 2-D time pressure, i.e., challenge and hindrance time pressure, was developed. Data are collected based on a two-part electronic survey from 81 new product development teams (500 respondents) in Western Europe. The results showed challenge and hindrance time pressure to improve and deteriorate team performance, respectively. At the same time, we also found team coordination to partially mediate the time-pressureteam-performance relationships. Furthermore, team identification is found to sustain team coordination, especially for teams facing hindrance time pressure. This indicates that teams that possess strong team identification could be positioned strategically in projects where time pressure is intense and where the stakes are high. Other implications with respect to theory and practice are discussed. © 2006 IEEE.",Challenge | hindrance | new product development (NPD) | performance | team | time pressure,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Chai, Kah Hin;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876288790,10.1002/asi.22782,Situation normality and the shape of search: The effects of time delays and information presentation on search behavior,"Delays have become one of the most often cited complaints of web users. Long delays often cause users to abandon their searches, but how do tolerable delays affect information search behavior? Intuitively, we would expect that tolerable delays should induce decreased information search. We conducted two experiments and found that as delay increased, a point occurs at which time within-page information search increases; that is, search behavior remained the same until a tipping point occurs where delay increases the depth of search. We argue that situation normality explains this phenomenon; users have become accustomed to tolerable delays up to a point (our research suggests between 7 and 11 s), after which search behavior changes. That is, some delay is expected, but as delay becomes noticeable but not long enough to cause the abandonment of search, an increase occurs in the ""stickiness"" of webpages such that users examine more information on each page before moving to new pages. The net impact of tolerable delays was counterintuitive: tolerable delays had no impact on the total amount of data searched in the first experiment, but induced users to examine more data points in the second experiment. © 2013 ASIS&T.",data presentation | information dissemination | information processing,Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2013-05-01,Article,"Taylor, Nolan J.;Dennis, Alan R.;Cummings, Jeff W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650810970,10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.01.003,Antecedents of IT-business strategic alignment and the moderating roles of goal commitment and environmental uncertainty,"In this paper, we develop a testable holistic procurement framework that examines how a broad range of procurement related factors affects project performance criteria. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we put forward propositions suggesting that cooperative procurement procedures (joint specification, selected tendering, soft parameters in bid evaluation, joint subcontractor selection, incentive-based payment, collaborative tools, and contractor self-control) generally have a positive influence on project performance (cost, time, quality, environmental impact, work environment, and innovation). We additionally propose that these relationships are moderated or mediated by the collaborative climate (i.e. the trust and commitment among partners) in the project and moderated by the overall project characteristics (i.e. how challenging the project is in terms of complexity, customization, uncertainty, value/size, and time pressure). Based on our contribution, future research can test the framework empirically to further increase the knowledge about how procurement factors may influence project performance. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.",Collaboration | Coopetition | Procurement | Project performance,International Journal of Project Management,2011-02-01,Article,"Eriksson, Per Erik;Westerberg, Mats",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751646432,10.1016/j.compind.2010.10.009,Improving diagnostic accuracy using EHR in emergency departments: A simulation-based study,"Both academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chains has increased in recent years. Supplier selection process is one of the key operational tasks for sustainable supply chain management. This paper examines the problem of identifying an effective model based on sustainability principles for supplier selection operations in supply chains. Due to its multi-criteria nature, the sustainable supplier evaluation process requires an appropriate multi-criteria analysis and solution approach. The approach should also consider that decision makers might face situations such as time pressure, lack of expertise in related issue, etc., during the evaluation process. The paper develops a novel approach based on fuzzy analytic network process within multi-person decision-making schema under incomplete preference relations. The method not only makes sufficient evaluations using the provided preference information, but also maintains the consistency level of the evaluations. Finally, the paper analyzes the sustainability of a number of suppliers in a real-life problem to demonstrate the validity of the proposed evaluation model. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Analytic network process | Fuzzy logic | Incomplete preference relations | Supplier selection | Sustainable supply chain,Computers in Industry,2011-02-01,Article,"Büyüközkan, Gülçin;Çifçi, Gizem",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79251576144,10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4000-10.2011,Planeamento de sistemas de informação: Estudo das variáveis que condicionam a sua estratégia de execução,"Decisions often necessitate a tradeoff between speed and accuracy (SAT), that is, fast decisions are more error prone while careful decisions take longer. Sequential sampling models assume that evidence for different response alternatives is accumulated over time and suggest that SAT modulates the decision system by setting a lower threshold (boundary) on required accumulated evidence to commit a response under time pressure. We investigated how such a speed accuracy tradeoff is implemented neurally under different levels of sensory evidence. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a face-house categorization task, we show that the later decision- and motor-related systems rather than the early sensory system are modulated by SAT. Source analysis revealed that the bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMAs) and the medial precuneus were more activated under the speed instruction and correlated negatively (right SMA) with the boundary parameter, where as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was more activated under the accuracy instruction and showed a positive correlation with the boundary. The findings are interpreted in the sense that SMA activity dynamically facilitates fast responses during stimulus processing, potentially by disinhibiting thalamo-striatal loops, whereas DLPFC reflects accumulated evidence before response execution. Copyright © 2011 the authors.",,Journal of Neuroscience,2011-01-26,Article,"Wenzlaff, Hermine;Bauer, Markus;Maess, Burkhard;Heekeren, Hauke R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649974170,10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.07.005,User readiness to interact with information systems-a human activity perspective,"In addition to triggering appropriate physiological activity and behavioural responses, emotions and moods can have an important role in decision making. Anxiety, for example, arises in potentially dangerous situations and can bias people to judge many stimuli as more threatening. Here, we investigated the possibility that affective states may also influence the time taken to make such judgements. Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) mood inventory [Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol, 54 (1988) 1063-1070] and undertook a computer-based task in which they were required to decide whether ambiguous and unambiguous predictor stimuli heralded resources or hazards. While the two types of negative mood indicators measured by PANAS [high ""negative activation"" (high NA), a danger-oriented state such as anxiety, and low ""positive activation"" (low PA), a state related to loss or absence of opportunity, such as sadness] both biased decisions similarly towards expecting hazards and away from expecting resources, only individual variation in NA was associated with the speed at which these decisions were made. In particular, participants reporting higher NA showed a bias towards caution, being slower to decide that stimuli predicted hazards and not resources. These findings are discussed in terms of the ""Smoke Detector Principle"" in threat detection [Nesse, R.M. Natural selection and the regulation of defenses. A signal detection analysis of the smoke detector principle. Evol Hum Behav, 26 (2005) 88-105] and the potential value of speed-accuracy tradeoffs in the context of decision making in differing mood states, and the processes that might give rise to them. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Affective state | Anxiety | Decision making | Mood | Speed-accuracy tradeoffs,Evolution and Human Behavior,2011-01-01,Article,"Paul, Elizabeth S.;Cuthill, Innes;Kuroso, Go;Norton, Vicki;Woodgate, Joe;Mendl, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82955236155,10.3389/fnhum.2011.00048,How assortment variety affects assortment attractiveness: A consumer perspective,"An important aspect of cognitive flexibility is inhibitory control, the ability to dynamically modify or cancel planned actions in response to changes in the sensory environment or task demands. We formulate a probabilistic, rational decision-making framework for inhibitory control in the stop signal paradigm. Our model posits that subjects maintain a Bayes-optimal, continually updated representation of sensory inputs, and repeatedly assess the relative value of stopping and going on a fine temporal scale, in order to make an optimal decision on when and whether to go on each trial. We further posit that they implement this continual evaluation with respect to a global objective function capturing the various reward and penalties associated with different behavioral outcomes, such as speed and accuracy, or the relative costs of stop errors and go errors. We demonstrate that our rational decision-making model naturally gives rise to basic behavioral characteristics consistently observed for this paradigm, as well as more subtle effects due to contextual factors such as reward contingencies or motivational factors. Furthermore, we show that the classical race model can be seen as a computationally simpler, perhaps neurally plausible, approximation to optimal decision-making. This conceptual link allows us to predict how the parameters of the race model, such as the stopping latency, should change with task parameters and individual experiences/ability. © 2011 Shenoy and Yu.",Inhibitory control | Optimal decision-making | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Stop signal task,Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2011-01-01,Article,"Shenoy, Pradeep;Yu, Angela J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921346031,,Towards a Cognitive System for Decision Support in Cyber Operations.,"This paper presents the general requirements to build a ""cognitive system for decision support"", capable of simulating defensive and offensive cyber operations. We aim to identify the key processes that mediate interactions between defenders, adversaries and the public, focusing on cognitive and ontological factors. We describe a controlled experimental phase where the system performance is assessed on a multi-purpose environment, which is a critical step towards enhancing situational awareness in cyber warfare.",Cognitive architecture | Cyber security | Ontology,CEUR Workshop Proceedings,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Oltramari, Alessandro;Lebiere, Christian;Vizenor, Lowell;Zhu, Wen;Dipert, Randall",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939944165,10.1007/s00520-014-2526-3,Early referral makes the decision-making about fertility preservation easier: a pilot survey study of young female cancer survivors,"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between patients’ decision-making about fertility preservation (FP) and time between cancer diagnosis and FP consultation in young female cancer survivors. Methods: This is a pilot survey study of women aged 18–43 years seen for FP consultation between April 2009 and December 2010. Results: Among 52 women who completed the survey, 15 (29 %) had their FP consultation more than 2 weeks after their cancer diagnosis (late referral group) and 37 (71 %) were within 2 weeks of their cancer diagnosis (early referral group). In univariate analysis, the only difference between the late referral and early referral groups was a higher decisional conflict scale (DCS) in late referral group (p = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, late referral group was more likely to have high DCS (>35) compared to early referral group (odds ratio 4.8, 95 % confidence interval 1.5, 21.6) after adjusting for age, center, and type of cancer. Conclusion: Early referral to a fertility specialist can help patients make better decision about FP. This is the first study to suggest that early referral is important in patients’ decision-making process about FP treatment. Our finding supports the benefit of early referral in patients who are interested in FP which is consistent with prior studies about FP referral patterns.",Cancer | Decisional conflict | Fertility preservation | Referral,Supportive Care in Cancer,2015-06-01,Article,"Kim, Jayeon;Mersereau, Jennifer E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976406801,10.1108/BIJ-01-2014-0008,An optimal sequential information acquisition model subject to a heuristic assimilation constraint,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal sequential information acquisition process of a rational decision maker (DM) when allowed to acquire n pieces of information from a set of bi-dimensional products whose characteristics vary in a continuum set. Design/methodology/approach – The authors incorporate a heuristic mechanism that makes the n-observation scenario faced by a DM tractable. This heuristic allows the DM to assimilate substantial amounts of information and define an acquisition strategy within a coherent analytical framework. Numerical simulations are introduced to illustrate the main results obtained. Findings – The information acquisition behavior modeled in this paper corresponds to that of a perfectly rational DM, i.e. endowed with complete and transitive preferences, whose objective is to choose optimally among the products available subject to a heuristic assimilation constraint. The current paper opens the way for additional research on heuristic information acquisition and choice processes when considered from a satisficing perspective that accounts for cognitive limits in the information processing capacities of DMs. Originality/value – The proposed information acquisition algorithm does not allow for the use of standard dynamic programming techniques. That is, after each observation is gathered, a rational DM must modify his information acquisition strategy and recalculate his or her expected payoffs in terms of the observations already acquired and the information still to be gathered.",Competitive strategy | Decision support systems | Rationality | Sequential information acquisition | Utility theory,Benchmarking,2016-05-03,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899931277,10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.144,Information acquisition processes and their continuity: transforming uncertainty into risk,We propose a formal approach to the problem of transforming uncertainty into risk via information revelation processes. Abstractions and formalizations regarding information acquisition processes are common in different areas of information sciences. We investigate the relationships between the way information is acquired and the continuity properties of revelation processes. A class of revelation processes whose continuity is characterized by how information is transmitted is introduced. This allows us to provide normative results regarding the continuity of the information acquisition processes of decision makers (DMs) and their ability to formulate probabilistic predictions within a given confidence range. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.,Continuity | Decision-making | Information acquisition | Time-pressure | Uncertainty,Information Sciences,2014-08-01,Article,"Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.;Tavana, Madjid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449282600,10.1016/j.chb.2010.09.021,Designing emergency response dispatch systems for better dispatcher performance,"This study investigates the question as to whether e-mail management training can alleviate the problem of time pressure linked to inadequate use of e-mail. A quasi-experiment was devised and carried out in an organizational setting to test the effect of an e-mail training program on four variables, e-mail self-efficacy, e-mail-specific time management, perceived time control over e-mail use, and estimated time spent in e-mail. With 175 subjects in the experimental group, and 105 subjects in the control group, data were collected before and after the experiment. ANCOVA analysis of the data demonstrated possible amount of time saving with an e-mail management training program. In addition, better perceived time control over e-mail use was observed. Since the change of e-mail-specific time management behavior was not significant, but e-mail self-efficacy improved substantially, it suggested that the major mediating process for better perceived time control over e-mail use and less estimated time spent in e-mail was through improved e-mail self-efficacy rather than a change of e-mail-specific time-management behavior. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",E-mail management training | E-mail self-efficacy | Quasi-experiment | Time control | Time management | Time pressure,Computers in Human Behavior,2011-01-01,Article,"Huang, Eugenia Y.;Lin, Sheng Wei;Lin, Shu Chiung",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908007672,10.1111/jbl.12056,Attribution Effects of Time Pressure in Retail Supply Chain Relationships: Moving From “What” to “Why”,"Retail supply chains must be responsive to consumer demand and flexible in adapting to changing consumer preferences. As a result, suppliers are often expected to deal with time pressure demands from retailers. While previous research demonstrates that time pressure can have longer term relational costs that reduce collaborative behaviors and overall relationship quality, this mixed-methods study goes further by accounting for attribution effects to explain why the time pressure occurs. Specifically, supplier perceptions for the reason of time pressure being within or beyond a retailer's control, rather than time pressure itself, appear to have a stronger effect on relational outcomes. By investigating time pressure through the lens of attribution theory, this research opens a new inquiry of research that moves away from examination of outcomes themselves (the ""what""), to examining ""why"" the outcome occurred.",Attribution theory | Behavioral vignette experiments | Retail supply chains | Supplier relationships | Time pressure,Journal of Business Logistics,2014-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Davis-Sramek, Beth;Esper, Terry L.;Murfield, Monique L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870969606,10.1177/0956797611418677,Designing emergency response applications for better performance,"Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in human-computer interaction (HCI) research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on prior research findings this study proposes that information selection of target information in emergency response applications can be improved by using supplementary cues. The research is motivated by cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel and associative processing. Color-coding and location-ordering are proposed as relevant cues that can improve ERS processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental ERS is developed users' performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with the best results obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and complexity increase.",Color | Emergency response systems | Information cues | Information selection | Interface design | Location | Task complexity | Time pressure,ICIS 2009 Proceedings - Thirtieth International Conference on Information Systems,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mcnab, Anna L.;Hess, Traci J.;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905982645,10.1109/SWS.2010.5607380,Behavioural Affect and Cognitive Effects of Time-pressure and Justification Requirement in Software Acquisition: Evidence from an Eye-Tracking Experiment,"Decision makers often have to make decisions in high-pressure situations in which time is limited and competing alternatives are similar. However, research on how time-pressure influences decisions in an information system (IS) context is relatively limited. This study examines the influence of time-pressure on behavioural affect and cognitive effects using eye tracking technology in a behavioural experiment on a software acquisition task. Further, it explores the independent and interactive influence of justification requirement. Results indicate that time-pressure creates discomfort and limits the amount of time spent examining the available information, both in terms of the number of fixations (gazes at part of the screen) and the duration of those fixations. However, this does not mean that information was ignored. Instead, decision-makers under time-pressure actually examined more information under certain circumstances, i.e. the justification requirement seems to interact with time-pressure.",Decision strategy | Eye tracking | Justification | Software acquisition | Time-pressure,"20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fehrenbacher, Dennis D.;Smith, Stephen",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649827945,10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.031,Decision-making under stress and its implications for managerial decision-making: a review of literature,"Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by poor optimization of behavior in the face of changing demands. Theoretical accounts of ADHD have often focused on higher-order cognitive processes and typically assume that basic processes are unaffected. It is an open question whether this is indeed the case. Method We explored basic cognitive processing in 25 subjects with ADHD and 30 typically developing children and adolescents with a perceptual decision-making paradigm. We investigated whether individuals with ADHD were able to balance the speed and accuracy of decisions. Results We found impairments in the optimization of the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Furthermore, these impairments were directly related to the hyperactive and impulsive symptoms that characterize the ADHD-phenotype. Conclusions These data suggest that impairments in basic cognitive processing are central to the disorder. This calls into question conceptualizations of ADHD as a ""higher-order"" deficit, as such simple decision processes are at the core of almost every paradigm used in ADHD research. © 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry.",ADHD | drift-diffusion model | hyperactivity | optimization | perceptual decision-making | speed-accuracy tradeoff,Biological Psychiatry,2010-12-15,Article,"Mulder, Martijn J.;Bos, Dienke;Weusten, Juliette M.H.;Van Belle, Janna;Van Dijk, Sarai C.;Simen, Patrick;Van Engeland, Herman;Durston, Sarah",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-51449098043,10.1109/HICSS.2008.51,An empirical investigation of the roles of outcome controls and psychological factors in collaboration technology supported virtual teams,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward) trigger psychological factors (i.e. distraction, motivation, and trust) and affect problem-solving virtual teams' ability to share information and develop high quality solutions. Results of a laboratory experiment on GSS-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing and solution quality in ridge regressions. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors in both ordinary least squares regression and ridge regression. © 2008 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2008-09-16,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650654745,10.1109/BMEI.2010.5639664,A pilot study to investigate time pressure as a surrogate of being in haste,"People nowadays are usually involved in computer work within a required time, in which the subjects are under time pressure (TP). It has been reported that TP can impact the autonomic neural regulation system and cognitive behavior during and after the commitment. However, there are few studies on the influence of TP on the cortical information processing. In this study, we designed an experiment with three sessions of computer-based tasks under different background to investigate how TP affect the cortical information processing pattern by large-scale cortical synchrony analysis of the multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Results showed that compared with task without TP, task under TP could only cause the decrease of inter-hemispheric cortical synchrony. Synchronization analysis of multichannel EEG provides a new insight into the effect of TP on the functional cortical connection of brain. ©2010 IEEE.",Computer-based task | Cortical synchrony | EEG | Time pressure,"Proceedings - 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, BMEI 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yang, Qi;Jiang, Dineng;Sun, Junfeng;Tong, Shanbao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749128405,10.1109/HICSS.2007.562,Time Pressure and Reward Inspiration as Outcome Controls for Information Sharing in Problem-Solving Virtual Teams,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward) trigger psychological factors (i.e. distraction, motivation, and trust) and affect problem-solving virtual teams ' ability to share information and develop high quality solutions. Results of a laboratory experiment on GSS-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure while only trust, in turn, has a positive relationship with information sharing. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors. We also find evidence supporting that total information shared is positively associated with problem-solving outcomes in terms of the solution quality. © 2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885891711,10.1007/978-3-642-11743-5_5,Task difficulty and time constraint in programmer multitasking: An analysis of prospective memory performance and cognitive workload,"Male superiority in the field of spatial navigation has been reported upon, numerous times. Although there have been indications that men and women handle environmental navigation in different ways, with men preferring Euclidian navigation and women using mostly topographic techniques, we have found no reported links between those differences and the shortcomings of women on ground of ineffective environment design. We propose the enhancement of virtual environments with landmarks - a technique we hypothesize could aid the performance of women without impairing that of men. In addition we touch upon a novel side of spatial navigation, with the introduction of time-pressure in the virtual environment. Our experimental results show that women benefit tremendously from landmarks in un-stressed situations, while men only utilize them successfully when they are under time-pressure. Furthermore we report on the beneficial impact that time-pressure has on men in terms of performance while navigating in a virtual environment.© Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2010.",Gender | Landmarks | Navigation | Time-pressure | Virtual environments,"Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gavrielidou, Elena;Lamers, Maarten H.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649445836,10.1016/j.jretai.2010.07.011,Air versus Land Vehicle Decisions for Interfacility Air Medical Transport,"In today's rapidly evolving business environment, retailers must develop highly responsive supply chains in order to satisfy constantly changing market demands. One approach to achieving this objective is to leverage the capabilities of other supply chain members to achieve cycle time compression of key business activities. However, when viewed through the theoretical lenses of Social Exchange Theory and Reciprocity, a potential conflict exists between facilitating supply chain responsiveness and maintaining close retailer-supplier relationships. The purpose of this research is to quantitatively test how the imposition of time pressure affects key elements of retail supply chain relationships. Scenario based experimental methodology was utilized to test the effects of time pressure on two distinct types of retailer-supplier relationships. Results of this research offer evidence to support the notion that time pressure can reduce collaborative behaviors, relationship loyalty, and relationship value in critical retailer-supplier relationships. © 2010 New York University.",Experimentation | Retailer-supplier relationships | Supplier management | Supply chain management | Time pressure,Journal of Retailing,2010-01-01,Article,"Thomas, Rodney W.;Esper, Terry L.;Stank, Theodore P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85008939346,10.1002/mar.20982,"Acceptance of Smartphone‐Based Mobile Shopping: Mobile Benefits, Customer Characteristics, Perceived Risks, and the Impact of Application Context","Despite their generally increasing use, the adoption of mobile shopping applications often differs across purchase contexts. In order to advance our understanding of smartphone-based mobile shopping acceptance, this study integrates and extends existing approaches from technology acceptance literature by examining two previously underexplored aspects. First, the study examines the impact of different mobile and personal benefits (instant connectivity, contextual value, and hedonic motivation), customer characteristics (habit), and risk facets (financial, performance, and security risk) as antecedents of mobile shopping acceptance. Second, it is assumed that several acceptance drivers differ in relevance subject to the perception of three mobile shopping characteristics (location sensitivity, time criticality, and extent of control), while other drivers are assumed to matter independent of the context. Based on a dataset of 410 smartphone shoppers, empirical results demonstrate that several acceptance predictors are associated with ease of use and usefulness, which in turn affect intentional and behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, the extent to which risks and benefits impact ease of use and usefulness is influenced by the three contextual characteristics. From a managerial perspective, results show which factors to consider in the development of mobile shopping applications and in which different application contexts they matter.",,Psychology and Marketing,2017-02-01,Article,"Hubert, Marco;Blut, Markus;Brock, Christian;Backhaus, Christof;Eberhardt, Tim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870350385,10.1145/1030397.1030426,Shared Leadership in Collaboration Technology Supported Virtual Teams: An Experimental Study on Distributed Design Teams,"The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward), trust, and motivation affect shared leadership in virtual teams. In addition, we explore the relationship between shared leadership and information sharing effectiveness in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on collaboration technology-based virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher shared leadership under time pressure, and both motivation and trust promote shared leadership. We also find that shared leadership facilitates information sharing in these teams. However, reward control has no significant impact on any psychological factors in both ordinary least squares regression and ridge regression. © (2009) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.",Collaborative technology skill | Distraction | Motivation | Ridge regression | Shared leadership | Trust | Virtual team,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"He, Fang;Paul, Souren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976447878,10.1177/1094670516630624,"Recovering coproduced service failures: Antecedents, consequences, and moderators of locus of recovery","This article focuses on the locus of recovery (LOR) when failures occur in coproduced services. LOR refers to who contributes to the recovery. Based on the LOR effort, recovery can be classified into three types: firm recovery, joint recovery, and customer recovery. The authors develop a conceptual framework to examine the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of LOR and test the framework using three experiments. They find that the positive effect of customers’ self-efficacy on their expectancy to participate in recovery is stronger when they blame themselves for the failure than when they blame the service provider. Joint recovery is most effective in generating favorable service outcomes of satisfaction with recovery and intention for future coproduction. Furthermore, recovery urgency strengthens the effect of LOR; however, when a customer’s preferred recovery strategy is offered, such matching offsets the impact of recovery urgency. Our findings suggest several managerial implications for devising recovery strategies for service failures. Although having customers do the recovery may appear to be cost-effective, when customers are under time pressure, pushing them toward customer recovery against their preferences is likely to backfire. If a firm’s only available option is customer recovery, they should consider increasing customers’ sense of autonomy under resource constraints by aligning available recovery options with customer preferences. In contrast, joint recovery can be a win-win strategy—the customer is satisfied and the firm uses only moderate resources. It is also a more robust strategy that works particularly well under resource constraints and regardless of preference matching.",attribution of failure | cocreation | coproduction | customer participation | locus of recovery | recovery urgency | self-efficacy | service recovery,Journal of Service Research,2016-08-01,Article,"Dong, Beibei;Sivakumar, K.;Evans, Kenneth R.;Zou, Shaoming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053471749,10.1109/59.260890,E-Government IT Investment: Insights from a Lens Model,"E-government presents great opportunities for governments around the globe to reform their public services. Yet, it can potentially risk wasting resources by failing to deliver promises of improved services and further frustrating the general public with government. In order to make correct decision in IT investment, governments have to find appropriate entry points to execute their business strategy; and the appropriate processes to select and implement suitable IT projects within realistic time and budget. This paper used a lens model approach to first devise a framework for examining the effects of entry points on the organizational scanning processes in support of formulating the right IT strategies and creating a realistic outlook of IT investment; and then to apply the framework for analyzing three cases. The findings indicate that entry points which only emphasized quick deployment of IT were mostly likely to limit the needed scanning processes, and resulted in project overruns. Whereas entry points which emphasized on internal capacity building for learning and knowledge transfer, and/or creation of an enabling environment for strategic partnership were mostly likely to intensify the scanning processes which further enhanced the chances of success for IT investment.",Entry points | Lens model | Scanning,"9th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: I.T. and Value Creation, PACIS 2005",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Kuk, George",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857986530,10.1109/HICSS.2012.593,"Time Pressure, Cultural Diversity, Psychological Factors, and Information Sharing in Short Duration Virtual Teams","The purpose of this research is to examine whether time pressure and cultural diversity influence psychological factors (i.e. motivation, and trust) in virtual teams. We also examine if the psychological factors shape information sharing in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on virtual teams indicate that teams exhibited higher motivation and trust under time pressure, and both motivation and trust, in turn, have a positive relationship with information sharing. We also find that national cultural diversity has negative relationship with information sharing. However, information sharing is found to be unrelated to solution quality. Additional statistical analyses demonstrate that sharing of process information is positively related to solution quality. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Paul, Souren;He, Fang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870960526,10.1016/j.compedu.2005.09.001,Towards a framework for collaborative information exchange: Exploring effects of time pressure and task difficulty on group cognition behaviors and implications for computer supported collaboration in healthcare,"Although the organizational capability for agility in IT deployment is crucial to the attainment of enterprise agility, there is scant research on how the capability may be nurtured and leveraged to this end. As improvisation may be an important mechanism for attaining agility in IT deployment, we apply the literature on organizational improvisation to analyze the case of Chang Chun Petrochemicals, one of the largest privately-owned petrochemical firms in Taiwan with a storied history for agile IT deployment. In doing so, a process model is inductively derived that sheds light on how the organizational capability for improvisation in IT deployment can be developed, leveraged for enterprise agility, and routinized for repeated application. With its findings, this study contributes to the knowledge on agile IT deployment and the broader concept of IT-enabled enterprise agility, and provides a useful reference for practitioners who face resource constraints or time pressures in IT deployment.",Case study | Enterprise agility | It deployment | Routinized improvisation,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Tan, Barney;Pan, Shan L.;Chou, Tzu Chuan;Huang, Ju Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751695012,10.1109/IEEM.2010.5675609,The Impact of Group Cohesiveness on Decision-Making Outcomes under Conditions of Challenge and Hindrance Time Pressure,"Improper recovery of overbooked customers may lead to severe results. However the research on the recovery strategy in overbooking area is very insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to develop a recovery strategy based on regulatory focus theory. The study predicts that recovery fit can lead to improved customer satisfaction. Using situationally induced regulatory focus experimental design, the results show that customers under time pressure prefer preventing losses, whereas time enough customers concern more about achieving gains. The current recovery practices can be classified into promotion versus prevention orientation. A fit in recovery practices and customers regulatory orientations may bring higher satisfaction for customers than those who are not fit their regulatory orientation. The results may help airline companies make better recovery strategies. ©2010 IEEE.",Overbooking | Regulatory focus | Service recovery,IEEM2010 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, Xiang;Wang, Peng;Wang, Yuehui;Wang, Guoxin",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930160226,10.1016/j.ins.2015.05.011,An ordinal ranking criterion for the subjective evaluation of alternatives and exchange reliability,"We consider the problem of a decision maker (DM) who must choose among a set of alternatives offered by different information senders (ISs). Each alternative is characterized by finitely many characteristics. We assume that the DM and the ISs have their own perception of the available alternatives. These perceptions are reflected by the evaluations provided for the characteristics of the alternatives and the order of importance assigned to the characteristics. Due to these subjective components, the DM may not envision the exact alternative that an IS describes, even when a complete description of the alternative is provided. These subjective biases are common in the literature analyzing the effect of framing on the behavior of the DMs. This paper provides a normative setting illustrating how the DMs should consider these differences in perception when interacting with other DMs. We design an evaluation criterion that allows the DM to generate a reliability ranking on the set of ISs and, hence, to quantify the likelihood of choosing any alternative. This ranking is based on the existing differences between the preference order of the DM and those of the ISs. Our results constitute a novel approach to choice and search under uncertainty that enhances the findings of the expected utility literature. We provide several examples to demonstrate the applicability of the method proposed and exhibit the efficacy of the ranking criterion designed.",Decision analysis | Expected utility | Multi-attribute alternative | Ordinal ranking | Subjective description | Subjective perception,Information Sciences,2015-10-01,Article,"Tavana, Madjid;Di Caprio, Debora;Santos-Arteaga, Francisco J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861069852,10.1109/CRIWG.2000.885153,Utilizing collaborative technologies to create sustainable competitive advantage: Improving situation awareness to impact the decision-action cycle in the United States Navy,"A range of H&S hazards exist relative to excavations. Furthermore, excavations occur in the elements and are exposed to a range of non-activity influences such as passing vehicles. Excavations also impact on the stability of adjacent structures and buildings, and temporary plant. International research indicates the primary barriers to excavation H&S to be: casual attitude; failure to provide trench protection; lack of daily inspections by competent persons; lack of training; inadequate enforcement, and costs. The paper reports on a study conducted among excavation H&S seminar delegates using a structured questionnaire. Selected findings include: barricading is ranked first in terms of the frequency interventions are undertaken relative to excavations, and scientific design of shoring last; relative to excavations the South African construction industry is rated below average relative to geo-technical reports, training, education, design of shoring, and culture; the South African construction industry is rated marginally below average in terms of excavation H&S, time pressure predominates in terms of barriers to excavation H&S; excavation H&S requires a multi-stakeholder effort, and excavation H&S training predominates in terms of the extent interventions could contribute to an improvement in excavation H&S. Conclusions include: a scientific approach is not adopted relative to excavation H&S; a multi-stakeholder effort is required, and education and training is a pre-requisite for improving excavation H&S.",Excavations | Health and safety,"Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2010 - Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Smallwood, John J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861039850,10.3102/0013189X032001009,"Einstellungs-und Verhaltenswirkungen im Event-Sponsoring: Wirkungsmodell, Befunde und Implikationen","This study aims to develop a physiological information system for monitoring human reliability in man-machine systems. The mental state of a worker, such as autonomic nervous activity, is evaluated using pupil diameter. In this study, two kinds of experiments are carried out. The former experiment is to investigate the relation between the change of pupil diameter and time pressure. On the other hand, it is investigated that the relation between the change of pupil diameter and resource pressure in the latter experiment. As well, in this experiment the Event- Related Potentials (ERP) obtained from electroencephalogram (EEG) as a quantitative index are measured to evaluate mental workload. It was found that (1) measurement of pupil diameter is an effective indicator of autonomic nervous activity, (2) based on the results of electroencephalogram, the amplitude of event-related potentials are dependent on mental workload. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.",,Ergonomic Trends from the East - Proceedings of Ergomic Trends from the East,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Yamanaka, Kimihiro;Kawakami, Mitsuyuki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907009779,10.3233/IFS-141120,Evidence equilibrium: Nash equilibrium in judgment processes,"The purpose of evidence inference is to judge truth values of the environment states under uncertain observations. This has been modeled as mathematical problems, using Bayesian inference, Dempster-Shafer theory, etc. After formalizing judgment processes in evidence inference, we found that the judgment process under uncertainty can be modeled as a Bayesian game of subjective belief and objective evidence. Another, the rational judgment involves a perfect Nash equilibrium. Evidence equilibrium is the Nash equilibrium in judgment processes. It helps us to maximize the possibility to avoid bias, and minimize the requirement for evidence. This will be helpful for the dynamic analysis of uncertain data. In this paper, we provide an Expected k-Conviction (EkC) algorithm for the dynamic data analysis based on evidence equilibrium. The algorithm uses dynamic evidence election and combination to resolve the estimation of uncertainty with time constraint. Our experimental results demonstrate that the EkC algorithm has better efficiency compared with the static evidence combination approach, which will benefit realtime decision making and data fusion under uncertainty.",Bayesian game | data fusion | Dempster-Shafer | Nash equilibrium,Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Lin, Yong;Xu, Jiaqing;Makedon, Fillia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85162019288,,Alternative Representations of Spatial Marketing Problems: Improving Visual Assessment with Cartograms,"Communication between a speaker and hearer will be most efficient when both parties make accurate inferences about the other. We study inference and communication in a television game called Password, where speakers must convey secret words to hearers by providing one-word clues. Our working hypothesis is that human communication is relatively efficient, and we use game show data to examine three predictions. First, we predict that speakers and hearers are both considerate, and that both take the other's perspective into account. Second, we predict that speakers and hearers are calibrated, and that both make accurate assumptions about the strategy used by the other. Finally, we predict that speakers and hearers are collaborative, and that they tend to share the cognitive burden of communication equally. We find evidence in support of all three predictions, and demonstrate in addition that efficient communication tends to break down when speakers and hearers are placed under time pressure.",,"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 23: 24th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2010, NIPS 2010",2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Yang;Kemp, Charles",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84948707055,10.1504/IJCAET.2016.073264,Motivating subjects to drive in haste using time pressure in a simulated environment,"Since driving in haste influences traffic safety negatively, we try to identify its indicators automatically. At studying driving in haste in a driving simulator, the major issue is how to reproduce it and how to keep drivers in this state. We assumed that it could be replicated by driving under time pressure. Unfortunately, the literature did not discuss how to apply time pressure in the above context. Therefore, we applied time shortage in combination with various forms of motivation (competition, reward, etc.) as a replacement in a driving simulator. The effects of the different motivations were evaluated and compared in various laboratory settings. Our observation was that the applied forms of motivation did not result in significant difference. We concluded that the novelty of being in a driving simulator and imposing time shortage on task execution could jointly create a kind of haste situation, but it cannot be heavily influenced by the tested motivations.",Being in a hurry | Driver behaviour | Haste | Motivation | Time constraint | Time pressure,International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Rendón-Vélez, Elizabeth;Horváth, Imre;Van Der Vegte, Wilhelm Frederik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651515636,10.1109/THS.2010.5655051,Reinforcing the Human Elements in Downstream Supply Chain in TOC Way,"Emergency response is an especially challenging domain for decision support, as often high-impact decisions must be made quickly, usually under high levels of uncertainty about the situation. The level of uncertainty and the time pressure require a new approach to using modelbased decision support tools during ongoing emergency events. This paper discusses the latest in a series of experiments examining the use of a decision-space visualization helping users identify the most robust options in response to complex emergency scenarios. The results provide additional insight into the value of decision-space information and option awareness for users working in complex, emerging, and uncertain task environments. © 2010 IEEE.",Decision support | Information visualization | Modeling and simulation | Option awareness,"2010 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security, HST 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Pfaff, Mark S.;Drury, Jill L.;Klein, Gary L.;More, Loretta;Moon, Sung Pil;Liu, Yikun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,DECISION MAKING UNDER TIME PRESSURE: AN INVESTIGATION OF DECISION SPEED AND DECISION QUALITY OF COMPUTER SUPPORTED GROUPS,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995770387,,THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE ON DECISION MAKING–A BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENT,"There is a critical need to better understand the nuances of decision making in today's global business environment. The quality of decisions is importantly influenced by the personality traits and knowledge of the decision makers. We analyze the effect of those factors on confidence and quality of decisions taken in the context of supply chain management. Personality traits are defined through the Big Five personality traits model which has recently gained widespread reception. The data was gathered via an experiment in which a group of participants played an online supply chain simulation game where several decisions needed to be made during a span of one week. The results show that confidence in decision positively affects decision quality. Neuroticism and agreeableness negatively affect confidence in decision, while self-reported knowledge positively affects confidence in decision. Further work includes running more experiments in order to gain more data for verification of results and testing of additional hypotheses which could not be tested on the current data sample.",Behavioral experiment | Decision confidence | Decision making | Decision quality | Objective knowledge | Personality traits | Self-reported knowledge | Supply chain management,"24th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Erjavec, Jure;Zaheer Khan, Nadia;Trkman, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952931939,10.1518/107118110X12829370089443,An exploratory study on the strategic use of information technology in the source selection decision-making process,"Crisis management (CM) is a facet of command and control (C2) characterized by complexity and uncertainty, in addition to high time pressure. In order to meet the challenges of this kind of unpredictable crisis situations, teams must be able to adapt and coordinate in an effective way. The functional structure (i.e., each team member is allocated a unique functional role) is the most common in CM, but it is not necessarily the most efficient one. Structures that encourage independence and flexibility, like the cross-functional structure (i.e., team functions are shared across all team members), could promote much better performance in this kind of situations. We compared these two structures, functional and cross-functional, in a dynamic situation of CM. C3 Fire, a forest firefighting simulation, was used to compare team structure on the basis of performance (process gain), communication, coordination and adaptability. Cross-functional team structures presented a better process gain, a more efficient coordination, and less communication. Surprisingly, no differences were seen regarding adaptability. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dubé, Geneviève;Tremblay, Sébastien;Banbury, Simon;Rousseau, Vincent",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958700338,,Strategic planning in dynamic urban operations: Problem solving under time constraints,"Because of the flourishing on computer network and information technology, the teaching model has changed from traditional methods and materials to computer assisted. Through the lively multimedia presentation and a variety of functions, the multimedia teaching tools reinforce the effect on learning to achieve effectiveness of teaching more with less. Whether the learning mechanism which use of a large number of multimedia teaching tools can make learners to achieve barrier-free, zero-stress state of the most effective learning? This study proposed building a model by means of ""Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations"" theory (InlinPreRa), when educators choose a number of multimedia teaching tools; they not only can predict the best choice based on the object standards amongst multiple criteria and alternatives, but can avoid making rough decisions because of time pressure, lacking of complete information or professional knowledge.",Decision making | InlinPreRa | Multi-criteria Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations | Multimedia teaching tools,International Conference on Applied Computer Science - Proceedings,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Peng, Shu Chen;Wu, Chao Yen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952946006,10.1518/107118110X12829369832809,The Impacts of Alternate Information Presentation Approaches Upon Task Performance in a Task Support System: Experiment and Analyses in a Team,"Based on research in the emergency management and military domains this paper reports on research and development of theories, methods and tools for modeling, analysis and assessment of performance in precarious time-critical situations and missions. We describe case studies, field studies, and experiments using a combined systems theory, Cognitive Systems Engineering and psychophysiology framework. We performed identification, modeling, and synthesis of Joint Tactical Cognitive Systems, and their inherent command, control, and intelligence activities. The dynamics of tactical missions are of a specific nature, and determined and forward exploitation and control of these real-time, safety-critical operational dynamics are vital for success in a wartime or disaster scenario. We found significant relations between workload, time pressure, catecholamine levels in saliva samples, and cognitive complexity. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Norlander, Arne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011422904,10.1016/j.im.2017.01.006,Decision support system (DSS) use and decision performance: DSS motivation and its antecedents,"We developed an experimental decision support system (DSS) that enabled us to manipulate DSS performance feedback and response time, measure task motivation and DSS motivation, track the usage of the DSS, and obtain essential information for assessing decision performance through conjoint analysis. The results suggest the mediating role of DSS use in the relationship between DSS motivation and decision performance. Further, DSS motivation is highest in the presence of high task motivation, more positive DSS performance feedback, and fast DSS response time. The findings have important implications for both DSS research and practice.",Decision performance | DSS motivation | DSS performance feedback | DSS response time | DSS use | Task motivation,Information and Management,2017-11-01,Article,"Chan, Siew H.;Song, Qian;Sarker, Saonee;Plumlee, R. David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80052718105,10.4324/9781315276298,Managerial decision making in project acceleration: The role of product innovativeness and acceleration goals in acceleration strategy choice,"In recent years, large railroad work projects have been started in Finland to upgrade the capacity of line sections. The control of train traffic is a critical function when managing safe and efficient use of the track during extensive railroad work. Train traffic control centres are complex dynamic work environments with many interactions between parties including railroad contractors, stations, and train drivers. The objective of this study was twofold: first, to understand the cognitive demands of the train traffic controller's task during railroad construction work, and second, to evaluate the prerequisites established by the organizations to perform the task safely. In 2009, the first part of the study focused on the train traffic controller's task. In 2010, the challenging task of managing safe and efficient use of the track and performing the railroad work safely and on time was studied from the constructors' point of view. An empirical study and data collection on the task of train traffic controllers were conducted in the Eastern Finland Traffic Control Centre. The cognitive task analysis (CTA) and analysis of situation awareness (SA) requirements were conducted to elicit the cognitive demands placed on the controllers during their work. A total of six train traffic controllers, three novices and three experts, participated in the field study. Twenty-five others, representing regulators, supervisors, planning engineers, project leaders, project controllers, builders, and construction workers were also interviewed. Several methods were used for data collection: video recording, think-aloud sessions with videos and photographs, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and site visits. There were several demanding elements in the controller's tasks: continuous anticipation of future situations, time pressure in decision making based on uncertain information, heavy working memory load, heavy communication and coordination demands sometimes involving more than ten construction work teams, unexpected changes in track usage, various disturbances, difficulties complying with all the recently changed regulations and work instructions in dynamic situations. The controllers had developed their own strategies for facing multiple demands, especially during rush hours. In an extensive railroad project there are many contracts and contractors, each having tight schedules. Critical difficulties have arisen especially from design documents being delayed or imperfect. More explicitness was desired for managing multi-contract railroad work. Regular project meetings that all parties participate in have been found absolutely the most effective in promoting both occupational and train traffic safety in extensive projects. Due to the high task demands and changes in organizations, various development targets were identified from organizational functions. For example, contractor management and the practices of issuing work instructions should be developed to better support the traffic controllers' work. On the other hand, organizations had initiated several developmental programmes to offer better support. In the management of railroad work contractors, new safety training and requirements were introduced. Systematic risk assessment and management were trained and implemented into railroad work processes. Co-operative coordination and information sharing forums were developed for better work management between the traffic controllers and contractors. Still, both the quality and accuracy of timing in design work need improvement. The interrelationships between concurrent tasks contracted out should be better managed to facilitate assessing whether the track is in condition for full practice or whether traffic restrictions are required. It is also recommended that evaluation be continued on the safety management systems and safety cultures of all organizations taking part in creating the prerequisites to perform railroad construction work safely. It is important to understand how different organizational support functions should be developed in order to ensure safe work. Copyright © VTT 2010.",,VTT Tiedotteita - Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus,2010-12-01,Article,"Haavisto, Marja Leena;Ruuhilehto, Kaarin;Oedewald, Pia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Information Foraging on the Web: The Effects of Internet Delays on Multi-page Information Search Behavior,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751686099,10.1109/IEEM.2010.5674160,Categorical and Dimensional Presentations of Information in Clinical Feedback: The Role of Cognitive Fit,"Companies operating in the industrial sector are increasingly outsourcing some of their operations to provider companies. Outsourcing involves external workforces and workplaces and forms new kinds of work communities with complex relationships between different performers. The new operating environment introduces safety problems, which are particularly difficult to manage for providers that commonly operate with several customers in varying worksites. This paper discusses the results of a literature review focusing on the safety management problems encountered by industrial service providers. The factors most commonly mentioned as problems for service providers in management of safety are ignoring tendering systems, divergences in customers and worksites, time pressures, poor resource available for implementation of safety measures, unclear responsibilities, dangerous work tasks, inadequate communication, and insufficiencies in hazard identification. Even though several problems have been identified, the practical means presented to improve safety by the provider companies are still exiguous. ©2010 IEEE.",Industry | Outsourcing | Safety management | Service provider | Shared workplace,IEEM2010 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Nenonen, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649442102,10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.003,The Impact of Medical Information on Decision-Making Processes in Emergency,"The present study quantitatively explored the effects of mothers' perceived time pressure, as well as meal-related variables including mothers' convenience orientation and meal preparation confidence, on the healthiness of evening meals served to school-aged children (5-18 years old) over a 7-day period. A sample of 120 employed mothers, who identified themselves as the chief meal-preparers in their households, completed a brief, self-report, meal-related questionnaire. Results revealed that mothers' perceived time pressure did not significantly predict meal healthiness. Mothers' confidence in their ability to prepare a healthy meal was the only unique, significant predictor of a healthy evening meal. Mothers who were more confident in their ability to prepare a healthy meal served healthier evening meals than those who were less confident. In addition, mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation were negatively related to healthy meal preparation confidence. Results suggest that mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation, may indirectly compromise meal healthiness, by decreasing mothers' meal preparation confidence. Practical and theoretical implications of the study's findings are discussed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.",Children's diets | Convenience orientation | Employed mothers | Healthy meals | Meal preparation confidence | Obesity | Time pressure,Appetite,2010-12-01,Article,"Beshara, Monica;Hutchinson, Amanda;Wilson, Carlene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79951824843,10.1109/ICDMA.2010.42,Financial reporting with XBRL and its impact on the accounting profession,"In industry the line dispensing system has been widely used to squeeze the adhesive fluid in a syringe onto boards or substrates with the pressurized air. For consistent dispensing, it is vital to have a robust dispensing system insensitive to operation condition variation. To address this issue, much research effort has been done. However, a systematic design approach to determine an optimal operation condition for line dispensing is not available. This paper presents such a method by means of robust design. In particular, all kinds of the quantities involved in the dispensing task is classified in the framework of model-based robust design. By this approach, a robust design method for line dispensing can be developed. The results show that line dispensing performance robustness can be improved by choosing the appropriate system parameters. Simulations performed thereafter validate the effectiveness of the method. © 2010 IEEE.",Line dispensing | Robust design | Time-pressure dispensing,"Proceedings - 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation, ICDMA 2010",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Yi Xiang;Chen, Xin Du",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959483056,10.1007/978-3-540-78431-9_8,"An Investigation into Time Pressure, Group Cohesion and Decision Making in Software Development Groups","Two of the key themes in contemporary information systems development (ISD) literature are (i) how to build and release systems in shorter time frames and (ii) how to enable development groups to build systems in a cohesive manner. This is reflected by today's predominant contemporary ISD methods such as agile, their distinguishing feature being an explicit emphasis on continuous, timely releases and a facilitation of effective group collaboration and communication. In a survey of 119 software developers we explore the effects of group cohesion and two types of time pressure, hindrance and challenge, on the decision-making quality of ISD groups. Our results showed challenge time pressure and group cohesion to have a positive effect with hindrance time pressure having no significant impact. We discuss the implications of this and offer insights with respect to theory and practice for those wishing to improve the decision-making quality of their ISD groups. Garry Lohan, Thomas Acton, Kieran Conboy",Agile methods | Decision making | Group cohesion | Software development | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lohan, Garry;Acton, Thomas;Conboy, Kieran",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928610208,10.1080/00140139.2010.532882,"THE IMPACT OF TASK COMPLEXITY, TASK MOTIVATION, DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS) MOTIVATION, AND DSS USE ON PERFORMANCE","This study provides insight into the inconsistent findings on the impact of task complexity on performance by identifying the mediating role of task motivation in the effect of task complexity on DSS motivation and the interactive impact of DSS motivation and DSS use on performance. A research model is proposed to test the mediating and interaction hypotheses. One hundred participants use an experimental DSS application designed for the purpose of this study to complete a rating and selection task. Participants are randomly assigned to a high or low task motivation condition and a high or low task complexity condition. The DSS measures incorporates the accurate additive difference compensatory decision strategy, cognitive effort associated with use of this effortful strategy is attenuated. The partial mediating effect suggests that enhanced task motivation explains the positive effect of task complexity on DSS motivation. In addition, the results reveal that increased DSS use and enhanced DSS motivation lead to improved performance. The results have important implications for DSS research and practice.",DSS motivation | DSS use | Performance | Task complexity | Task motivation,"Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Chan, Siew H.;Song, Qian;Yao, Lee J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85025803552,10.1109/SEmotion.2017.11,Reviewing literature on time pressure in software engineering and related professions: computer assisted interdisciplinary literature review,"During the past few years, psychological diseases related to unhealthy work environments, such as burnouts, have drawn more and more public attention. One of the known causes of these affective problems is time pressure. In order to form a theoretical background for time pressure detection in software repositories, this paper combines interdisciplinary knowledge by analyzing 1270 papers found on Scopus database and containing terms related to time pressure. By clustering those papers based on their abstract, we show that time pressure has been widely studied across different fields, but relatively little in software engineering. From a literature review of the most relevant papers, we infer a list of testable hypotheses that we want to verify in future studies in order to assess the impact of time pressures on software developers' mental health.",deadline pressure | Job demands-resources model | Software engineering | speed-accuracy tradeoff | time pressure | topic analysis,"Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering, SEmotion 2017",2017-06-28,Conference Paper,"Kuutila, Miikka;Mantyla, Mika V.;Claes, Maelick;Elovainio, Marko",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749594754,10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.032,Information foraging on the web: The effects of “acceptable” Internet delays on multi-page information search behavior,"Web delays are a persistent and highly publicized problem. Long delays have been shown to reduce information search, but less is known about the impact of more modest ""acceptable"" delays - delays that do not substantially reduce user satisfaction. Prior research suggests that as the time and effort required to complete a task increases, decision-makers tend to reduce information search at the expense of decision quality. In this study, the effects of an acceptable time delay (seven seconds) on information search behavior were examined. Results showed that increased time and effort caused by acceptable delays provoked increased information search. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Information foraging | Information search | Internet | Laboratory experiment | Service delays | Time,Decision Support Systems,2006-11-01,Article,"Dennis, Alan R.;Taylor, Nolan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78149258783,10.1145/1852786.1852804,Information Search on the Web: Understanding the Impact of Response Time Delays with Information Foraging Theory,"Although Scrum is an important topic in software engineering and information systems, few longitudinal industrial studies have investigated the effects of Scrum on software quality, in terms of defects and defect density, and the quality assurance process. In this paper we report on a longitudinal study in which we have followed a project over a three-year period. We compared software quality assurance processes and software defects of the project between a 17-month phase with a plan-driven process, followed by a 20-month phase with Scrum. The results of the study did not show a significant reduction of defect densities or changes of defect profiles after Scrum was used. However, the iterative nature of Scrum resulted in constant system and acceptance testing and related defect fixing, which made the development process more efficient in terms of fewer surprises and better control of software quality and release date. In addition, software quality and knowledge sharing got more focus when using Scrum. However, Scrum put more stress and time pressure on the developers, and made them reluctant to perform certain tasks for later maintenance, such as refactoring. © 2010 ACM.",agile software development | empirical software engineering | software quality,ESEM 2010 - Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2010-11-12,Conference Paper,"Li, Jingyue;Moe, Nils B.;Dybå, Tore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349297179,10.1509/jmkg.74.6.94,Systems-Based Marketing Decisions: Effects of Alternative Visualizations on Decision Quality,"Marketing planners often use geographical information systems (GISs) to help identify suitable retail locations, regionally distribute advertising campaigns, and target direct marketing activities. Geographical information systems thematic maps facilitate the visual assessment of map regions. A broad set of alternative symbolizations, such as circles, bars, or shading, can be used to visually represent quantitative geospatial data on such maps. However, there is little knowledge on which kind of symbolization is the most adequate in which problem situation. In a large-scale experimental study, the authors show that the type of symbolization strongly influences decision performance. The findings indicate that graduated circles are appropriate symbolizations for geographical information systems thematic maps, and their successful utilization seems to be virtually Independent of personal characteristics, such as spatial ability and map experience. This makes circle symbolizations particularly suitable for effective decision making and cross-functional communication. © 2010, American Marketing Association.",Cartograms | Data visualization | Geographical information systems thematic maps | Spatial marketing decisions | Symbolization,Journal of Marketing,2010-11-01,Article,"Ozimec, Ana Marija;Natter, Martin;Reutterer, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956175949,10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.04.005,Interaktives Marketing,"Background: Global nursing shortages have exacerbated time pressure and burnout among nurses. Despite the well-established correlation between burnout and patient safety, no studies have addressed how time pressure among nurses and patient safety are related and whether burnout moderates such a relation. Objectives: This study investigated how time pressure and the interaction of time pressure and nursing burnout affect patient safety. Design-setting participants: This cross-sectional study surveyed 458 nurses in 90 units of two medical centres in northern Taiwan. Methods: Nursing burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Scale. Patient safety was inversely measured by six items on frequency of adverse events. Time pressure was measured by five items. Regressions were used for the analysis. Results: While the results of regression analyses suggest that time pressure did not significantly affect patient safety (β=-.01, p>.05), time pressure and burnout had an interactive effect on patient safety (β=-.08, p<.05). Specifically, for nurses with high burnout (n=223), time pressure was negatively related to patient safety (β=-.10, p<.05). Conclusion: Time pressure adversely affected patient safety for nurses with a high level of burnout, but not for nurses with a low level of burnout. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.",Burnout | Hospital nurse | Interactive effects | Patient safety | Time pressure,International Journal of Nursing Studies,2010-11-01,Article,"Teng, Ching I.;Shyu, Yea Ing Lotus;Chiou, Wen Ko;Fan, Hsiao Chi;Lam, Si Man",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955065455,10.1145/1869397.1869402,國立雲林科技大學 (Predictors of Transport Safety for Critically Ill Patients in Emergency Department: An Experience of A Medical Center in Mid-Taiwan),"Forces involved in modern conflicts may be exposed to a variety of threats, including coordinated raids of advanced ballistic and cruise missiles. To respond to these, a defending force will rely on a set of combat resources. Determining an efficient allocation and coordinated use of these resources, particularly in the case of multiple simultaneous attacks, is a very complex decision-making process in which a huge amount of data must be dealt with under uncertainty and time pressure. This article presents CORALS (COmbat Resource ALlocation Support), a real-time planner developed to support the command team of a naval force defending against multiple simultaneous threats. In response to such multiple threats, CORALS uses a local planner to generate a set of local plans, one for each threat considered apart, and then combines and coordinates them into a single optimized, conflict-free global plan. The coordination is performed through an iterative process of plan merging and conflict detection and resolution, which acts as a plan repair mechanism. Such an incremental plan repair approach also allows adapting previously generated plans to account for dynamic changes in the tactical situation. © 2010 ACM.",Anti-air defense operations | Decision support | Planning,ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology,2010-11-01,Article,"Benaskeur, Abder Rezak;Kabanza, Froduald;Beaudry, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958543649,10.1089/lap.2012.0150,網路促銷中知覺時間壓力對消費者心理變數的影響 (The Influence of Perceived Time Pressure on Consumer Psychological Variable in Internet Promotion),"In face of intense competitions and time pressure, card issuers need to not only engage in long-term credit relationship management but also evade potential risks of default in time. Since the databases that banks use for analysis of cardholders' payment behaviors is usually large and complicated, and the extant classification techniques do not offer high classification accuracy, prediction of cardholders' future payment behavior remains a difficult task in the present. Accordingly, most banks do not launch debt collection operations until occurrence of default and thus need to bear an unnecessary waste of costs. This paper attempts to construct a two-stage cardholder behavioral scoring model. Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are first applied to construct the first-stage classification models. By comparing the overall classification accuracy rate the optimal customer classification model is obtained. Later, the important variables selected by the classification model are used as the input and output variables in the second-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA). We then feed back the derived efficiency values to the classification model to verify its previously classified results. Unlike most literatures of DEA which focus on evaluation of overall management performance, we initiatively apply DEA to evaluation of individual behavior scoring to help banks reduce the cost of potential misclassification of customers. For inefficient customers, we can also provide directions on improvement of individual customers to further increase their efficiency and contribution.","Artificial neural networks (ANNs) | Behavioral scoring, data mining | Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) | Data envelopment analysis (DEA)","Proceeding - 6th International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management, NCM 2010",2010-11-01,Conference Paper,"I-Fei, Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958135083,,時間壓力及折扣策略對消費者購買意圖之影響─ 以適地性行動折價券為例 (The Effect of Time Pressure and Discount Strategy on Consumers’ Purchase Intention─A Study on Location-Based Mobile Coupons),"The article offers a definition of the category ""economic time pressure"" and classifies kinds of economic time pressure; the influence of economic time pressure upon the enterprise performance is analyzed; methodics for the analysis and neutralization of the economic time pressure influence upon enterprise activities is carried out.",Economic time pressure | Innovative-investment development | The enterprise performance results,Actual Problems of Economics,2010-10-27,Article,"Turylo, A. M.;Zinchenko, O. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957949056,10.1145/1841853.1841889,影响 DSS 提高营销决策质量的因素分析,"We report a study using retrospective analysis to understand American and Chinese participants' feelings and reactions on a moment-by-moment basis during an interaction. Participants talked about a fictional crime story together and then individually watched and reflected on an audio-video recording of the interaction. A grounded theory analysis of participants' reflections suggested five key themes: fluency, nonverbal behavioral cues, time pressure, conversational dominance, and attributions for team performance. Copyright 2010 ACM.",CMC | Cross-culture communication | Retrospective analysis,"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Intercultural Collaboration, ICIC '10",2010-10-21,Conference Paper,"Nguyen, Duyen;Fussell, Susan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82255191277,10.1177/0022002711414370,Mark Hwang,"This article explores the impact of time pressure on negotiation processes in territorial conflicts in the post-cold war era. While it is often argued that time pressure can help generate positive momentum in peace negotiations and help break deadlocks, extensive literature also suggests that perceived time shortage can have a negative impact on the cognitive processes involved in complex, intercultural negotiations. The analysis explores these hypotheses through a comparison of sixty-eight episodes of negotiation using fuzzy-set logic, a form of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The conclusions confirm that time pressure can, in certain circumstances, be associated with broad agreements but also that only low levels of time pressure or its absence are associated with durable settlements. The analysis also suggests that the negative effect of time pressure on negotiations is particularly relevant in the presence of complex decision making and when a broad range of debated issues is at stake. © The Author(s) 2011.",deadlines | peace processes | summits | time pressure,Journal of Conflict Resolution,2011-10-01,Article,"Pinfari, Marco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013460066,10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00092-5,The effect of user engagement on system success: a meta-analytical integration of research findings,"The effect of user involvement on system success is an important topic yet empirical results have been controversial. Many methodological and theoretical differences among prior studies have been suggested as possible causes for inconsistent findings. This research is an attempt to resolve inconsistent data despite differences that may exist in prior studies. Data from 25 studies were meta-analyzed to test the separate effects of user participation and user involvement on six system success variables. Results showed that user participation had a moderate positive correlation with four success measures: system quality, use, user satisfaction, and organizational impact. The correlation between user participation and individual impact was minimum. User involvement generally had a larger correlation with system success than did user participation. Overall, these findings indicate that both user involvement and user participation are beneficial, but the magnitude of these benefits much depends on how involvement and its effect are defined.",Meta-analysis | System success | User involvement | User participation,Information and Management,1999-04-05,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Thorn, Ron G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449253934,10.1017/s1930297500001285,"Audit quality, corporate governance, and earnings management: A meta‐analysis","An important open problem is how values are compared to make simple choices. A natural hypothesis is that the brain carries out the computations associated with the value comparisons in a manner consistent with the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM), since this model has been able to account for a large amount of data in other domains. We investigated the ability of four different versions of the DDM to explain the data in a real binary food choice task under conditions of high and low time pressure. We found that a seven-parameter version of the DDM can account for the choice and reaction time data with high-accuracy, in both the high and low time pressure conditions. The changes associated with the introduction of time pressure could be traced to changes in two key model parameters: the barrier height and the noise in the slope of the drift process.",Drift-diffusion model | Response time | Value-based choice,Judgment and Decision Making,2010-01-01,Article,"Milosavljevic, Milica;Malmaud, Jonathan;Huth, Alexander;Koch, Christof;Rangel, Antonio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032630277,10.1177/016555159902500305,"Information dimension, information overload and decision quality","The impact of information load (both under and overload) on decision quality is an important topic, yet results of empirical research are inconsistent. These mixed results may be due to the fact that information load itself is a function of information dimension. A meta-analysis of 31 experiments reported in 18 empirical bankruptcy prediction studies was conducted to test the effect of two information dimensions: information diversity and information repetitiveness. Results indicated that both information dimensions have an adverse impact on decision quality: provision of either diverse or repeated information can be detrimental to prediction accuracy. The findings have implications for information suppliers and researchers who are interested in improving the quality of human decision making.",,Journal of Information Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986149626,10.1108/02686900310495151,A fuzzy neural network for assessing the risk of fraudulent financial reporting,"While financial reporting fraud has become more prevalent and costly in recent years, fraud detection has been badly lagging. Several recent studies have examined the feasibility of various computer techniques in business and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of an integrated fuzzy neural network (FNN) for fraud detection. The FNN developed in this research outperformed most statistical models and artificial neural networks (ANN) reported in prior studies. Its performance also compared favorably with a baseline Logit model, especially in the prediction of fraud cases. © 2003, MCB UP Limited",Decision-support systems | Financial reporting | Fraud | Fuzzy logic | Neural nets | Risk assessment,Managerial Auditing Journal,2003-11-01,Article,"Lin, Jerry W.;Hwang, Mark I.;Becker, Jack D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862779114,10.1016/j.chb.2011.12.014,Factors influencing the continuance intention to the usage of Web 2.0: An empirical study,"New business models and applications have been continuously developed and popularized on the Internet. In recent years, a number of applications including blogs, Facebook, iGoogle, Plurk, Twitter, and YouTube known as Web 2.0 have become very popular. These aforementioned applications all have a strong social flavor. However, what social factors exert an influence onto their use is still unclear and remains as a research issue to be further investigated. This research studies four social factors and they are subjective norm, image, critical mass, and electronic word-of-mouth. A causal model of the satisfaction and continuance intention of Web 2.0 users as a function of these four social factors is proposed. Results indicate that user satisfaction with Web 2.0 applications significantly affects electronic word-of-mouth, which in turn significantly influences their continuance intention. In addition, subjective norm, image and critical mass all have a significant impact onto satisfaction, which in turn has an indirect significant influence on electronic word-of-mouth. Finally, all social factors have a significant direct impact on continuance intention. Finally, implications for service providers and researchers are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Critical mass | Electronic word-of-mouth | Image | Satisfaction | Subjective norm | Web 2.0,Computers in Human Behavior,2012-05-01,Article,"Chen, Shih Chih;Yen, David C.;Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957687153,10.1073/pnas.1004932107,The effect of implementation factors on data warehousing success: An exploratory study,"When people make decisions they often face opposing demands for response speed and response accuracy, a process likely mediated by response thresholds. According to the striatal hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by increasing activation from cortex to striatum, releasing the brain from inhibition. According to the STN hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by decreasing activation from cortex to subthalamic nucleus (STN); a decrease in STN activity is likewise thought to release the brain from inhibition and result in responses that are fast but error-prone. To test these hypotheses - both of which may be true - we conducted two experiments on perceptual decision making in which we used cues to vary the demands for speed vs. accuracy. In both experiments, behavioral data and mathematical model analyses confirmed that instruction from the cue selectively affected the setting of response thresholds. In the first experiment we used ultra-high-resolution 7T structural MRI to locate the STN precisely. We then used 3T structural MRI and probabilistic tractography to quantify the connectivity between the relevant brain areas. The results showed that participants who flexibly change response thresholds (as quantified by the mathematical model) have strong structural connections between presupplementary motor area and striatum. This result was confirmed in an independent second experiment. In general, these findings show that individual differences in elementary cognitive tasks are partly driven by structural differences in brain connectivity. Specifically, these findings support a cortico-striatal control account of how the brain implements adaptiveswitches between cautious and risky behavior.",Basal ganglia | Response time model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Structural connectivity | Subthalamic nucleus,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010-09-07,Article,"Forstmann, Birte U.;Anwander, Alfred;Schäfer, Andreas;Neumann, Jane;Brown, Scott;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Bogacz, Rafal;Turner, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57449104536,10.1080/08874417.2008.11645305,A structural model of data warehousing success,"Data warehousing is an important area of practice and research, yet few studies have assessed its practices in general and critical success factors in particular. Although plenty of guidelines for implementation exist, few have been subjected to empirical testing. Furthermore, no model is available for comparing and evaluating the various claims made in different studies. In order to better understand the critical success factors and their effects on data warehousing success, a research model is developed in this paper. This model is useful for comparing findings across studies and for selecting variables for future research. The model is tested using data collected from a cross sectional survey of data warehousing professionals. Partial Least Square (PLS) is used to validate the structural relations identified in the model. The resulting model has three groups of success factors. Technical factor is found to positively influence information quality, whereas both operational and economic factors have a positive effect on system quality. Structural relations are also found among the dependent variables. System quality positively influences information quality, which in turn positively affects individual benefits. Individual benefits in turn has a positive relation with organizational benefits.",Critical success factors | Data warehousing | Information systems success | Modeling,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Xu, Hongjiang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85001863269,10.4018/irmj.2000040103,Building a knowledge base for MIS research: A meta-analysis of a systems success model,"This study was conducted to create a knowledge base for MIS research. Building on two previous theoretical models, a systems success model relating six independent variables (external environment, organizational environment, user environment, IS operations environment, IS development environment, and information systems) to four success variables (use, satisfaction, individual impact, and organizational impact) was developed. This model was tested using data from 82 empirical studies in a meta-analysis. Results showed that all but one independent variable, external environment, had a significant relationship with success variables. In addition, each independent variable had varying strengths of relationships with different success variables. The findings yield important guidelines for the selection of variables in future research. The validated systems success model is general and theory based, and is useful in providing directions for future research. © 2000, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),2000-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Windsor, John C.;Pryor, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0004796148,10.1145/264417.264433,The Use of Meta-Analysis in MIS research: promises and problems,"Meta-analysis involves the use of statistical procedures to integrate research findings across studies. Although it has been warmly embraced in those fields in which experiments are widely used, its application by MIS researchers is very limited. This research explores issues that are important to the conduct and evaluation of metaanalysis. The paper shows that meta-analysis has important advantages over traditional reviews. The potential application of meta-analysis in research integration and theory development and testing is discussed. The use of metaanalysis in MIS research in the past is reviewed. Opportunities for increased use of meta-analysis in the future are investigated. Limitations and potential problems of meta-analysis are discussed to facilitate the evaluation of metaanalysis results. With these issues clarified, this research should increase the interest of MIS researchers in meta-analysis and its applications. © 1996, Author. All rights reserved.",meta-analysis | research methods,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,1996-02-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976777634,10.1145/109022.109023,The effectiveness of computer graphics for decision support: meta-analytical integration of research findings,"This research uses meta---analysis, a quantitative literature review technique, to integrate and combine the results fromseveral presentation format studies. The motivation behind this research is twofold: the conflicting research results found in the literature, and the lack of a cumulative body of knowledge. Meta---analysis is a research technique that provides a means for cumulating research findings across studies. In addition, meta-analysis can resolve differences found in previous studies by isolating the effect of moderator variables. This research found very strong evidence of the existence of one moderator variable, task complexity, which may have resulted in reported inconsistencies from prior presentation format research. Furthermore, an inverted “U---shaped” curve may explain the relationship between the effectiveness of graphs and task complexity. Specifically, using graphical data achieves better decision---making performance when the task is moderately complex. When the task complexity is either too low or too high, there is no performance difference between graphical and tabular presentation formats. © 1991, ACM. All rights reserved.",,ACM SIGMIS Database,1991-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.H.;Wu, Bruce J.P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949874829,10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.006,A survey of data warehousing success issues,"This paper presents an initial test of the group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model of group task performance among IT students. We theorize that demands and resources in group work influence formation of perceived group work pressure (GWP) and that heightened levels of GWP inhibit group task performance. A prior study identified 11 factors relating to the task, group, individual, or environment as source factors to GWP. We extended this research by creating and validating scales for each source factor within an integrated GWP instrument. We then applied the instrument in an initial test of the GTD-R model. Results show the GTD-R model provides good predictions of GWP and group task performance. In addition we find GWP, task complexity, and time pressure factors to be higher in IT tasks vs. non-IT tasks described by our student participants. The findings extend demands-resources research from its prior focus on job burnout and exhaustion in individual tasks to incorporate less-intense pressure levels and group task contexts. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Consequences | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,Computers and Education,2010-08-01,Article,"Wilson, E. Vance;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002010781,10.1016/S0305-0483(97)00047-9,Did task type matter in the use of decision room GSS? A critical review and a meta-analysis,"This research was undertaken to resolve inconsistent findings on the effectiveness of group support systems (GSS) by investigating the effect of task type, which is, arguably, the most important moderator variable. A qualitative review of the literature was conducted to identify task dimensions that may explain the impact of task type on the effectiveness of GSS. The relationship between task dimension and group outcome was examined. Hypotheses were then developed to predict the effectiveness of GSS in supporting the performance of various tasks. These hypotheses were statistically tested using data from 28 experimental studies in a meta-analysis. Results showed that the impact of task type was dependent on how GSS effectiveness was measured. Task type had a significant impact favoring generation tasks when GSS effectiveness was measured by improved communication, member satisfaction, and decision speed. GSS effectiveness as measured by improved decision quality and member participation was not a function of task type. The significant findings on the effect of task type point out the task dimensions that system designers should consider in order to increase the effectiveness of GSS. These findings also have implications for future GSS research in the control and measurement of the effect of task type and in the measurement of GSS effectiveness. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Decision support systems | Group decision support systems (GDSS) | Group support systems (GSS) | Meta-analysis,Omega,1998-02-12,Article,"Hwang, M. I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904661121,10.1108/CMS-09-2011-0079,Personality traits and simultaneous reciprocal influences between job performance and job satisfaction,"Purpose: This paper aims to test the relationships among three important variables in the management of Chinese employees: personality trait, job performance and job satisfaction. A causal model is developed to hypothesize how personality trait affects job performance and satisfaction and how job performance and satisfaction simultaneously affect each other. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was conducted from October to November 2009. In total, 414 questionnaires were distributed and 392 were returned. Using data collected, the theoretical model is empirically validated. Structural equation modelling using LISREL 8.8 is used to test the causal model. Findings: Job performance and job satisfaction have a bilateral relationship that is simultaneously influential. All Big Five personality traits significantly influence job performance, with agreeableness showing the greatest effect, followed by extraversion. Extraversion is the only personality trait that shows a significant influence over job satisfaction. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the inconsistent findings of causal relationship between job performance and job satisfaction in previous studies. Another contribution is testing the effect of personality traits on job performance and job satisfaction in a simultaneous reciprocal model. A hybrid theory of expectance and equity is advanced in this study to explain the results. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Big five personality traits | Job performance | Job satisfaction | Personality | Simultaneous reciprocal influences,Chinese Management Studies,2014-01-01,Article,"Yang, Cheng Liang;Hwang, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80455178573,10.1057/ejis.2011.12,Assessing moderating effect in meta-analysis: A re-analysis of top management support studies and suggestions for researchers,"Meta-analysis has been increasingly used as a knowledge cumulation tool by IS researchers. In recent years many meta-analysts have conducted moderator analyses in an attempt to develop and test theories. These studies suffer from several methodological problems and, as a result, may have contributed to rather than resolved inconsistent research findings. For example, a previous meta-analysis reports that task interdependence moderates the effect of top management support to render it a non-critical component in systems implementation projects when task interdependence is low. We show that this conclusion is the result of uncorrected measurement error and an erroneous application of a fixed effects regression analysis. We discuss other pitfalls in the detection and confirmation of moderators including the use of the Q statistic and significance tests. Our recommended approach is to break the sample into subgroups and compare their credibility and confidence intervals. This approach is illustrated in a re-analysis of the top management support literature. Our results indicate that top management support is important in both high and low task interdependence groups and in fact may be equally important in both groups. Guidelines are developed to help IS researchers properly conduct moderator analyses in future meta-analytic studies. © 2011 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",IS implementation | management support | meta-analysis | moderator | systems success,European Journal of Information Systems,2011-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Schmidt, Frank L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878283483,10.1109/SYSTEMS.2010.5482483,Integrating enterprise systems in mergers and acquisitions,"Mergers and acquisitions are important business strategy for growth. Many mergers and acquisitions have failed, however, due to a mismatch between strategic, organizational, and increasingly, information systems factors. Given that a large number of enterprise systems have been deployed in the last decade, their integration post merger is crucial to organizations that pursue mergers and acquisition as a growth strategy. This paper discusses issues that are important to the integration of information systems in a merger and acquisition environment. The need for information systems fit is emphasized; the role of information systems plays and its involvement in the integration life cycle are elaborated. An information systems integration success model is discussed and issues related to enterprise systems integration are presented. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for enterprise systems integration for companies to position themselves favorably in the merger and acquisition environment.",enterprise resource planning | Enterprise systems | mergers and acquisitions | systems integration,"10th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2004",2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650964412,,"An empirical study of the existence, relatedness and growth (ERG) theory in consumer's selection of mobile value-added services","Translating and interpreting skills play a vital role in ensuring that team members of an engineering project can communicate effectively and in providing both partners and equipment users with manuals, instructions, operating software, and other materials in their own language. Translation requirements are all too often left until the last minute, putting time pressure on those required to get to grips with a raft of documentation and complex technical terms. While imprecise statements and even ambiguities can sometimes pass muster in the original language, the process of translation can bring them to light. Without adequate time or prior knowledge of the subject, translators often struggle to provide precise and accurate materials on time. Translators often help engineers to explain and accurately identify in their native language concepts used in software and referred to in user guides. If these points can be raised early in the project, it helps to clarify and establish consistent translations for international project teams.",,Engineer,2010-07-12,Short Survey,"Kelly, Dominick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036758783,10.1080/08874417.2002.11647063,Data warehouse development and management: Practices of some large companies,"While data warehousing (DW) has emerged as a key component of many organizations information systems, few studies have assessed companies' DW practices. This research examines a range of DW development and management issues. Data collected from more than two dozen large companies suggest that the DW concept has been implemented quite differently across enterprises, and that DW practices are still at an early stage of development. The results are also compared across two different DW architecture types, the hub & spoke and federated data mart approaches. This analysis suggests that the choice of architecture appears to have an important effect on a number of DW development and management measures. The results of this study should be useful to companies looking to initiate or expand their DW operations and to researchers in understanding the current scope and operations of companies' data warehousing efforts.",,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2002-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark;Cappel, James J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008238161,10.4018/irmj.1995070103,The effectiveness of graphic and tabular presentation under time pressure and task complexity,"Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. This research empirically tested the effects of presentation format, time pressure, and task complexity on decision performance. The objective was to determine the effective presentation format (graphics or tables) for the performance of tasks of varying complexities by decision makers under time pressure. Results showed that when time pressure was low, the effectiveness of the two presentation formats depended on the type and complexity of the task. With increasing time pressure graphics generally were found more advantageous. The findings add to the literature by showing the superiority of graphics over tables in supporting decision making under time pressure. © 1995, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),1995-07-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954160829,10.1080/09593969.2010.491202,Organizational factors for successful implementation of information systems: Disentangling the effect of top management support and training,"How shoppers view and evaluate individual retailers is critical due to extreme competition among firms that might carry similar products and brands. While considerable research has examined how satisfaction with purchased products and services affects retailers, retailer-related process satisfaction, and specifically evaluations of the retailers themselves, has not been included in many retail process frameworks. Therefore, the present research identifies the crucial role that evaluations of the retailer play in driving important behavioral outcomes such as store patronage and word-of-mouth recommendations. Manipulating in-store guidance and measuring shopper time pressure, results of a field experiment reveal that retailer evaluations mediate the relationship between process satisfaction and behavioral intentions, even when products and services are not actually purchased. Implications of these findings are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.",In-store guidance | Process satisfaction | Retailer evaluation | Search process | Time pressure,"International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research",2010-07-01,Article,"Gurel-Atay, Eda;Giese, Joan L.;Godek, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039840855,10.1109/HICSS.1996.495324,The use of meta-analysis in validating the DeLone and McLean information systems success model,"The measurement of systems success is important to any research on information systems. A research study typically uses several dependent measures as surrogates for systems success. These dependent measures are generally treated as outcome variables which, as a group, vary as a function of certain independent variables. Recently, a process perspective has been advocated to measure system success. This process perspective recognizes that some of the dependent measures, along with independent variables, also have an impact on outcome variables. A comprehensive success model has been developed by DeLone and McLean (1992) to group success measures cited in the literature into three categories: quality, use, and impact. This model further predicts that quality affects use, which in turn affects impact. This paper explores the plausibility of using meta-analysis to validate this success model. Advantages of using meta-analysis over other research methodologies in validating process models are examined. Potential problems with meta-analysis in validating this particular success model are discussed. A research plan that utilizes past empirical studies to validate this success model is described.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, M.;McLean, E. R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951022203,10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.01.004,Critical success factors for data warehouse implementation: A framework for analysis and research,"Correlational and experimental methods provide evidence relevant to seven theories of humans' general impressions of the speed of time, including theories of the purported subjective acceleration of time with aging. A total of 1865 adults from two countries, ranging in age from 16 to 80, reported how fast time appears to pass over different spans of time. Other measures tapped the experience of life changes and time pressure, and experimental manipulations were used to test two models based on forward telescoping and difficulty of recall. Respondents of all ages reported that time seems to pass quickly. In contrast to widely held beliefs, age differences in reports of the subjective speed of time were very small, except for the question about how fast the last 10. years had passed. Findings support a theory based on the experience of time pressure. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.",Aging | Subjective speed of time | Time perception | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2010-06-01,Article,"Friedman, William J.;Janssen, Steve M.J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951977810,10.1007/s10551-009-0237-3,Sovereign debt service capacity estimation by logistic regression and neural networks,"This study examined the impact of perceived ethical culture of the firm and selected demographic variables on auditors' ethical evaluation of, and intention to engage in, various time pressure-induced dysfunctional behaviours. Four audit cases and questionnaires were distributed to experienced pre-manager level auditors in Ireland and the U. S. The findings revealed that while perceived unethical pressure to engage in dysfunctional behaviours and unethical tone at the top were significant in forming an ethical evaluation, only perceived unethical pressure had an impact on intention to engage in the behaviours. Country was also found to have a significant impact, with U. S. respondents reporting higher ethical evaluations and lower intentions to engage in unethical acts than Irish respondents. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.",Auditor conflict | Ethical culture | Ethical decision making | Quality threatening behaviours | Time pressure | Underreporting of time,Journal of Business Ethics,2010-06-01,Article,"Sweeney, Breda;Arnold, Don;Pierce, Bernard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18844431145,10.1016/S0882-6110(00)17009-9,A meta-analysis of the effect of task properties on business failure prediction accuracy,"The usefulness of financial accounting ratios has long been documented in statistical models of business failure prediction. However, behavioral studies to date have reported inconsistent results, with prediction accuracy ranging from 41 percent to 93 percent. These studies have also presented varying explanations for the inconsistencies. Data from 33 previous experimental results were analyzed in this meta-analysis to determine the moderating effects of differences in task properties on failure prediction accuracy. As expected, all task properties were found to have a significant moderating effect on prediction accuracy. These findings have important implications for future research and practice in the prediction of business failure and similar tasks. © 2000.",,Advances in Accounting,2000-01-01,Article,"Lin, Jerry W.;Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034371129,10.1080/08874417.2000.11647465,Neural fuzzy systems: A tutorial and an application,"Fuzzy logic has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as its applications are found in areas ranging from consumer products to industrial process control and portfolio management. Along with neural networks and genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic constitutes three cornerstones of ""soft computing."" Unlike the traditional or hard computing, soft computing strives to model the pervasive imprecision of the real world. Solutions derived from soil computing are generally more robust, flexible, and economical. In addition, constituent technologies of soft computing are generally complementary rather than competitive. As a result, many hybrid systems have been proposed to integrate these complementary technologies. This study review's fuzzy logic and neural networks and illustrates how they can be integrated to provide a better solution. In an empirical test, the integrated neural fuzzy system significantly outperformed a traditional statistical model in predicting pension accounting adoption choices.",Fuzzy logic | Neural networks | Pension accounting choices,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897068905,10.22495/cocv6i1c1p4,A meta-analysis of the association between earnings management and audit quality and audit committee effectiveness,"Earnings management is of great concern to corporate stakeholders. While numerous studies have investigated various determinants of earnings management relating to corporate governance and audit quality, empirical evidence on their effects is rather inconsistent. Employing meta-analysis techniques, this research integrates and evaluates results from 27 prior studies. All eleven variables examined show a significant effect on earnings management. Researchers are encouraged to build on our results to continue this important research stream.",Audit Committee | Audit Quality | Auditor Choice | Corporate Governance | Earnings Management | Fraud | Independence | Meta-Analysis,Corporate Ownership and Control,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.;Lin, Jerry W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649182687,10.1016/j.cognition.2009.12.012,Enterprise resource planning and systems integration,"While both conscious and unconscious reward cues enhance effort to work on a task, previous research also suggests that conscious rewards may additionally affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs. Based on this idea, two experiments explored whether reward cues that are presented above (supraliminal) or below (subliminal) the threshold of conscious awareness affect such tradeoffs differently. In a speed-accuracy paradigm, participants had to solve an arithmetic problem to attain a supraliminally or subliminally presented high-value or low-value coin. Subliminal high (vs. low) rewards made participants more eager (i.e., faster, but equally accurate). In contrast, supraliminal high (vs. low) rewards caused participants to become more cautious (i.e., slower, but more accurate). However, the effects of supraliminal rewards mimicked those of subliminal rewards when the tendency to make speed-accuracy tradeoffs was reduced. These findings suggest that reward cues initially boost effort regardless of whether or not people are aware of them, but affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs only when the reward information is accessible to consciousness. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Consciousness | Rewards | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Cognition,2010-05-01,Article,"Bijleveld, Erik;Custers, Ruud;Aarts, Henk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953193952,10.1590/s1413-81232010000300037,An Assessment of Company Data Warehousing Practices,"An ergonomic study was carried out to characterize repetitive work and psychosocial demands at work in a plastic industry in The Greater Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. Global observations of tasks were preliminary carried out to investigate work organization, production organization and tasks determinants. Time requirements in tasks development involved psychosocial demands and physical demands, particularly when the latter implied very fast repetitive work. Secondly, those findings led to systematic observations with simultaneous interviews of workers. Work cycles in each task of molding/finishing plastic bags were measured by video analysis. All disturbances that required worker regulation on tasks development were recorded. This study allowed identifying variabilities of work process and of tasks development, and to put into evidence the extra demands and changeable tasks processes that require workers ́ regulation. In that situation, higher cognitive and physical demands are resulted from time pressure. The inadequate work conditions associated to time pressure and a work organization with low control generate a situation in which the task development is just possible under workers ́ body overload.",Ergonomics | Musculoskeletal disorders | Psychosocial factors | Repetitive strain injuries | RSI | Work organization,Ciencia e Saude Coletiva,2010-01-01,Article,"Fernandes, Rita de Cássia Pereira;Assunção, Ada Ávila;Carvalho, Fernando Martins",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863027711,10.1016/j.compind.2009.12.008,BUSINESS PROCESS AUDITING ON AN SOA FOUNDATION,"A traditional audit technique manually controls internal data and processes. However, with the increase of the informatics transactions between global organizations, auditors have to provide a rigorous audit process. Some of them, try to deal with software products in a complex environment by using service-oriented architecture (SOA) and web services (WS). These pose new challenges for management, reliability, change management, security and much more. In this paper, a comprehensive audit mechanism is proposed to provide a cross-platform solution in a heterogeneous software/hardware environment, satisfying interdepartmental and cross-organizational business demands. A prototype of the collaborative e-procurement system is developed to demonstrate how business activities can be properly audited in the SOA architecture. Some practical examples are also given to illustrate the control points designed for a successful audit process in the system. © 2012 ICIC International.",Audit log | Business process | Computer audit | Service-oriented architecture (SOA) | Web services,"International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control",2012-01-01,Article,"Li, Shing Han;Chen, Shih Chih;Hu, Chung Chiang;Wu, Wei Shou;Hwang, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950430987,10.1016/j.aap.2009.07.010,A Knowledge Base for Information Systems Success Research,"Older drivers' ability to trigger simultaneous responses in reaction to simulated challenging road events was examined through crash risk and local analyses of acceleration and direction data provided by the simulator. This was achieved by segregating and averaging the simulator's primary measures according to six short time intervals, one before and five during the challenging events. Twenty healthy adults aged 25-45 years old (M = 29.5 ± 4.32) and 20 healthy adults aged 65 and older (M = 73.4 ± 5.17) were exposed to five simulated scenarios involving sudden, complex and unexpected maneuvres. Participants were also administered the Useful Field of View (UFOV), single reaction time and choice reaction time tests, a visual secondary task in the simulator, and a subjective workload evaluation (NASA-TLX). Results indicated that the challenging event that required multiple synchronized reactions led to a higher crash rate in older drivers. Acceleration and orientation data analyses confirmed that the drivers who crashed limited their reaction. The other challenging events did not generate crashes because they could be anticipated and one response (braking) was sufficient to avoid crash. Our findings support the proposal (Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Mynttinen, S., Backman, M., Mikkonen, V., 1999. Age-related differences in driving: are older drivers more serial? International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, 575-589) that older drivers have more difficulty activating car controls simultaneously putting them at risk when facing challenging and time pressure road events. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Ageing | Attention | Serial and parallel processing | Simulator | Surprising events,Accident Analysis and Prevention,2010-05-01,Article,"Bélanger, Alexandre;Gagnon, Sylvain;Yamin, Stephanie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952611995,10.1063/1.3318695,Representing Multivalued Attributes in Database Design,"Latest research shows that there is only a realistic chance of restricting global warming to 2 °C if a limit is set to the total amount of CO 2 emitted globally between now and 2050 (global carbon dioxide budget). We move this global budget to the forefront of our considerations regarding a new global climate treaty in the post-Copenhagen process. [The authors are members of the ""German Advisory Council on Global Change"" (WBGU). The WBGU recently published a study on ""Solving the climate dilemma: The budget approach."" This paper builds on the fundamental ideas and findings of the WBGU study and demonstrates that the budget approach could serve as a cornerstone for an institutional design for a global low-carbon economy.] Combining findings from climate science and economics with fundamental concepts of equity, the ""budget approach"" provides concrete figures for the emission allowances that are still available to countries, assuming they want to prevent the destabilization of the planet's climate system. Our calculations demonstrate that the time pressure for acting is almost overwhelming-in industrialized countries and also in emerging economies and many developing nations. We suggest several institutional innovations and rules to manage the global and the national CO2 budgets in a transparent, fair, and flexible way. A sober analysis of the state of the art of climate change science and of the state of multilateral attempts to create an effective climate protection accord so far reveals that the budget approach can provide crucial orientation for the negotiations toward a comprehensive post-Copenhagen climate regime. The approach facilitates at the same time an institutional design for a low-carbon global economy, setting the necessary incentives for decoupling economic growth from the burning of fossil fuels. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.",,Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2010-05-01,Article,"Messner, Dirk;Schellnhuber, John;Rahmstorf, Stefan;Klingenfeld, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950902597,10.1145/1718918.1718971,Assessing Sovereign Debt Service Capacity: A Neural Fuzzy System Approach,"An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects. Copyright 2010 ACM.",Collaborative tools | Concurrent engineering | Dependencies | Distributed development | Errors | Experience,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2010-04-20,Conference Paper,"Cataldo, Marcelo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85010420380,10.1016/j.ijme.2017.01.004,Impact of an ERP simulation game on online learning,The ever increasing use of online education dictates that the use of traditional face-to-face tools for students be expanded into the virtual classroom. Business students in online MBA courses at two universities are tasked with making decisions using SAP's ERPSim Manufacturing Game. The students are polled before and after their simulation experience on five dimensions including attitude toward SAP and several dimensions in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) knowledge. Students were found to have increased their attitudes toward SAP and knowledge of ERP upon completing the three-period simulation game. These results are significant for business educators of online courses because it shows that increased learning due to ERPSim not only takes place in face-to-face education classrooms but in an asynchronous environment as well. A comparison of our results with those reported in prior studies involving traditional classes revealed additional insights and potential topics for future research.,Asynchronous online teaching | ERP | ERP simulation | Online learning | SAP,International Journal of Management Education,2017-03-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark;Cruthirds, Kevin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85048448105,10.1016/j.dss.2009.12.007,An Assignment for the Nexus of Forces,"Several technological trends have accelerated the development of the digital economy in recent years. Gartner identifies the convergence of mobile, social, cloud, and information, named the Nexus of Forces, as the platform of digital business. Although curricula that incorporate a single technology exist, few have tackled several technologies at once. An assignment is developed to help students understand the connection between mobile, cloud, and information. The assignment can be implemented with free state-of-the-art enterprise tools from SAP.",Cloud | Curriculum | Information | Mobile | SAP | Social,AMCIS 2017 - America's Conference on Information Systems: A Tradition of Innovation,2017-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905591293,10.17705/1cais.03502,Disentangling the Effect of Top Management Support and Training on Systems Implementation Success: A Meta-Analysis,"Systems implementation is an important topic, and numerous studies have been conducted to identify determinants of success. Among organizational factors that can have an impact on success, top management support and training are two of the most extensively studied variables. While the positive influence of both of these organizational factors is generally recognized, not all empirical evidence is supportive. Some researchers attribute the inconsistent findings to moderators such as task interdependence. Other researchers contend that the wide-ranging correlations observed in different studies are caused by nothing but statistical artifacts. Still another reason for the inconsistent results could be how the two variables are modeled. I meta-analyzed thirty prior studies that examine the effect of both top management support and training. The results support both independent variables having a moderate positive effect on implementation success. Additionally, they suggest that the most plausible model is one where training partially mediates the effect of top management support. Finally, the preponderance of evidence indicates that task interdependence does not moderate the effect of either top management support or training. Instead, the role of task interdependence is similar to that of top management support and training: as an independent variable with a direct effect on implementation success.",IS implementation | Management support | Meta-analysis | Systems success | Task interdependence | Training,Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951284448,10.1080/10447310903575465,Integrating Enterprise Systems,"This study examined trainee crime-scene investigators' preference for, and accuracy in using, four different computer-based decision support interface designs, each of which incorporated a different reduced processing information acquisition strategy. The interfaces differed on the basis of the number of options that could be considered simultaneously and the level of control that could be exercised over the number and sequence in which feature values were accessed. Forty trainee investigators completed six decision scenarios in which they were asked to acquire information and formulate a decision by selecting one of three options. The study comprised two phases, the first of which involved familiarizing participants with each of the four interface designs and collecting performance and subjective data. The second phase involved trainees selecting one of the four interfaces to engage in a fifth and sixth decision scenario involving high or low levels of time pressure. The results indicated that the ""all options, full control"" interface was the preferred option in the low time-pressure condition. Although the strategy remained the most frequently selected in the high time-pressure condition, this preference was not significant. It was concluded that the perceptions of difficulty and the degree of user control over information acquisition were more important than perceived efficiency in the selection of computer-based interface designs. The outcomes have implications for the design of decision support systems. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2010-04-01,Article,"Morrison, Ben W.;Wiggins, Mark W.;Porter, Glenn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949431893,10.1007/978-3-642-11747-3_17,Understanding the Benefits of Data Warehousing,"The specification of security requirements for systems of systems is often an activity that is forced upon non-security experts and performed under time pressure. This paper describes how we have addressed this problem by using a collection of modular safeguards, which are tailored to the application domain. These safeguards, which are specific but still fairly atomic, are combined into requirement profiles that seamlessly integrate into the overall development approach. These safeguards are grouped into 15 classes which subsume requirements that aim for low, medium and high security capabilities. Each requirement is further specified with a technical description defining actual values. To achieve a holistic coverage, we have created requirement profiles that define combinations of modular safeguards and have added complementary organizational safeguards. We will show how we have developed this approach over the years and present our practical experiences of the seamless integration into the development life cycle. © 2010 Springer.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2010-03-22,Conference Paper,"Zuccato, Albin;Daniels, Nils;Jampathom, Cheevarat;Nilson, Mikael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949557635,10.1080/10508421003595935,Critical Success Factors for Data Warehousing: Some Empirical Evidence,"This study examined the role of key causal analysis strategies in forecasting and ethical decision-making. Undergraduate participants took on the role of the key actor in several ethical problems and were asked to identify and analyze the causes, forecast potential outcomes, and make a decision about each problem. Time pressure and analytic mindset were manipulated while participants worked through these problems. The results indicated that forecast quality was associated with decision ethicality, and the identification of the critical causes of the problem was associated with both higher quality forecasts and higher ethicality of decisions. Neither time pressure nor analytic mindset impacted forecasts or ethicality of decisions. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Causal analysis | Ethical decision-making | Forecasting | Problem solving | Time pressure,Ethics and Behavior,2010-03-01,Article,"Stenmark, Cheryl K.;Antes, Alison L.;Wang, Xiaoqian;Caughron, Jared J.;Thiel, Chase E.;Mumford, Michael D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953660973,10.1007/s11524-009-9433-9,Success Research,"Road safety experts understand the contribution of speed to the severity and frequency of road crashes. Yet, the impact of speed on health is far more subtle and pervasive than simply its effect on road safety. The emphasis in urban areas on increasing the speed and volume of car traffic contributes to ill-health through its impacts on local air pollution, greenhouse gas production, inactivity, obesity and social isolation. In addition to these impacts, a heavy reliance on cars as a supposedly 'fast' mode of transport consumes more time and money than a reliance on supposedly slower modes of transport (walking, cycling and public transport). Lack of time is a major reason why people do not engage in healthy behaviours. Using the concept of effective speed', this paper demonstrates that any attempt to save time' through increasing the speed of motorists is ultimately futile. Paradoxically, if planners wish to provide urban residents with more time for healthy behaviours (such as exercise and preparing healthy food), then, support for the 'slower' active modes of transport should be encouraged. © 2010 The New York Academy of Medicine.",Physical activity | Pollution | Road safety | Speed | Time pressure | Transport,Journal of Urban Health,2010-03-01,Article,"Tranter, Paul Joseph",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949708831,10.1109/TITB.2009.2036164,PENSION ACCOUNTING CHOICE: A NEURAL FUZZY APPROACH,"The inferred cost of work-related stress call for prevention strategies that aim at detecting early warning signs at the workplace. This paper goes one step towards the goal of developing a personal health system for detecting stress. We analyze the discriminative power of electrodermal activity (EDA) in distinguishing stress from cognitive load in an office environment. A collective of 33 subjects underwent a laboratory intervention that included mild cognitive load and two stress factors, which are relevant at the workplace: mental stress induced by solving arithmetic problems under time pressure and psychosocial stress induced by social-evaluative threat. During the experiments, a wearable device was used to monitor the EDA as a measure of the individual stress reaction. Analysis of the data showed that the distributions of the EDA peak height and the instantaneous peak rate carry information about the stress level of a person. Six classifiers were investigated regarding their ability to discriminate cognitive load from stress. A maximum accuracy of 82.8% was achieved for discriminating stress from cognitive load. This would allow keeping track of stressful phases during a working day by using a wearable EDA device. © 2009 IEEE.",Cognitive load | Electrodermal activity (EDA) | Personal health systems (PHSs) | Stress recognition | Wearable,IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine,2010-03-01,Article,"Setz, Cornelia;Arnrich, Bert;Schumm, Johannes;La Marca, Roberto;Tröster, Gerhard;Ehlert, Ulrike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75749118847,10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.11.005,A Neural Fuzzy System Approach to Management Fraud Detection,"The paper theoretically elaborates and empirically investigates the ""competitive arousal"" model of decision making, which argues that elements of the strategic environment (e.g., head-to-head rivalry and time pressure) can fuel competitive motivations and behavior. Study 1 measures real-time motivations of online auction bidders and finds that the ""desire to win"" (even when winning is costly and will provide no strategic upside) is heightened when rivalry and time pressure coincide. Study 2 is a field experiment which alters the text of email alerts sent to bidders who have been outbid; the text makes competitive (vs. non-competitive) motivations salient. Making the desire to win salient triggers additional bidding, but only when rivalry and time pressure coincide. Study 3, a laboratory study, demonstrates that the desire to win mediates the effect of rivalry and time pressure on over-bidding. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Auction | Bidding | Competition | Competitive arousal | Competitive motivation | Conflict | Desire to win | Dispute | Escalation | Negotiation | Relative payoffs | Rivalry | Time pressure | Winning,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2010-03-01,Article,"Malhotra, Deepak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951188080,10.3139/104.110273,A Neural Fuzzy System for Sovereign Debt Service Capacity Evaluation,"Nowadays, companies are forced to adapt their factories more often to changing requirements because of ever shorter product and technology lifecycles. Due to the resulting higher time pressure planners increasingly discuss the use of digital tools to support the process of factory planning. However, an evaluation of the advantages of the digital tools is difficult because of the lack of methods. It is often neglected that a use of the tools is not always expedient, but is dependent of e.g. the type and complexity of the planning task. Thus, in this paper an approach is described that allows an evaluation of the target-oriented use of the tools. The approach regards among others the complexity of the planning project as well as the specific implementation effort. © Carl Hanser Verlag.",,ZWF Zeitschrift fuer Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb,2010-01-01,Article,"Hirsch, Benjamin;Klemke, Tim;Wulf, Serjosha;Nyhuis, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-76149097906,10.1026/1612-5010/a000002,Flowcharts as Programming Aids: A Human Information Processing Perspective,"There have been few studies of the effects of changes to competition rules on the subjective perceptions of athletes. In an interview study of 12 male and female pole-vaulters on major changes of the discipline in 2003, the subjective perceptions of rule changes are compared with objective data. The results show that athletes adapt and modify their visualization and execution of actions as well as their competition tactics. Nonetheless, a substantial number of vaulters were concerned with the negative consequences of the rule changes. The analysis of objective performance measures of vaulters shows that there were neither such negative consequences nor was there a connection between subjective perception and objective performance. Based on the results, implications for practical implementation are discussed.",Competitive sport | Pre-performance routines | Time pressure,Zeitschrift fur Sportpsychologie,2010-02-12,Article,"Lobinger, Babett;Hohmann, Tanja;Nicklisch, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77249176135,10.1504/IJMED.2010.031548,Data Storage Using Data Warehousing,"Researchers have claimed that routinisation hinders creativity. However, empirical evidence for this assumption is sparse. In this study, we examined a series of research hypotheses that specifies the relationships among time pressure, job involvement, routinisation, creativity and turnover intentions. A research was conducted with 315 employees of the newspaper and television industries in Taiwan. Our results clearly reveal that routinisation is negatively associated with creativity. Time pressure is a strong predictor for routinisation and creativity. Job involvement emerged as a positive predictor for routinisation. Routinisation and creativity had an adverse relationship with turnover intentions. The findings are interpreted with discussions of the implications. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",Creativity | Enterprise development | Job involvement | Routinisation | Time pressure | Turnover intentions,International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development,2010-01-01,Article,"James Lin, Ming Ji;Chen, Chih Cheng;Chen, Chih Jou;Lai, Fu Shan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950343986,10.1123/jsep.32.1.23,The time famine: Toward a sociology of work time: References,"This study examined the role of leisure-time physical activity in reducing the impact of high life stress and time pressure on depression, a buffer effect, for mothers of infants. A direct association between leisure-time physical activity and depression, regardless of both sources of stress, was also tested. A sample of approximately 5,000 mothers of infant children completed questionnaires that measured demographic characteristics, frequency of participation in leisure-time physical activity, life stress, time pressure, and depression (depressive symptoms). Hierarchical multiple regression incorporating an interaction component to represent the buffering effect was used to analyze the data. Frequency of leisure-time physical activity was significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms for both types of stress and acted as a buffer of the association between life stress and depressive symptoms, but did not buffer the influence of time pressure on depressive symptoms. These findings indicated that leisure-time physical activity assists in maintaining the mental health of mothers of infants; however, caution is needed when promoting physical activity for mothers who feel under time pressure. © 2010 Human Kinetics, Inc.",Depression | Exercise | Life stress | Physical activity | Time pressure | Women,Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2010-01-01,Article,"Craike, Melinda Jane;Coleman, Denis;MacMahon, Clare",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651553568,10.4156/jdcta.vol4.issue1.14,"Entrainment: Pace, cycle and rhythm in organizational behavior","Healthcare authorities have recognized the potential of information technology (IT) systems to improve the quality of service and provide better patient care. It is not easy to develop software applications that meet quality standards, time pressure, and budget constraints without making a predictive preparation. It is crucial to collect accurate data in a relatively short time while completing the hospital process. Instead of using complex and long forms for record keeping, developing a software system may be beneficial. Better human-computer interfaces can be designed by the participation of the actual system users. In this study, a medical information system was developed for the emergency service data flow to Tablet PCs via Wi-Fi mobile network by implementing user-centered development methodology. The application was tested by actual system users selected from the physicians and nurses. The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of iconic user interfaces in a medical information system by ISO usability standards, and heuristic evaluation. The user reactions were observed while performing with the systems. The system users participated both in the development and evaluation process. Icon design process with users' participation was also introduced briefly in this paper. It was shown the participatory icon design process is useful and effective. The usability of the web-based applications is improved with visual iconic components on hospital information interfaces.",Heuristic evaluation | Icon | ISO9241 | Medical information system | Participatory design | Usability,International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications,2010-02-01,Article,"Salman, Yucel Batu;Cheng, Hong In;Kim, Ji Young;Patterson, Patrick E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023503256,10.1146/annurev.soc.13.1.149,Time budgets and their use,"Summarizes the state of the art of time budget surveys and analyses, and reviews the different fields of utilization of time budget data: mass media contact, demand for cultural and other leisure goods and services, urban planning, consumer behavior, needs of elderly persons and of children, the sexual division of labor, the informal economy and household economics, social accounting, social indicators, quality of life, way of life, social structure. -from Author",,Annual review of sociology. Vol. 13,1987-01-01,Article,"Andorka, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449131495,10.1016/j.tins.2009.09.002,"Breaking the Mold: Women, Men, and Time in the New Corporate World","In many situations, decision makers need to negotiate between the competing demands of response speed and response accuracy, a dilemma generally known as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). Despite the ubiquity of SAT, the question of how neural decision circuits implement SAT has received little attention up until a year ago. We review recent studies that show SAT is modulated in association and pre-motor areas rather than in sensory or primary motor areas. Furthermore, the studies suggest that emphasis on response speed increases the baseline firing rate of cortical integrator neurons. We also review current theories on how and where in the brain the SAT is controlled, and we end by proposing research directions that could distinguish between these theories. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Trends in Neurosciences,2010-01-01,Review,"Bogacz, Rafal;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan;Forstmann, Birte U.;Nieuwenhuis, Sander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350536904,10.1159/000253861,"Unexpected connections: Considering employees' personal lives can revitalize your business.""","Background: Pathological gambling is classified as an impulse control disorder in the DSM-IV-TR; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between gambling behavior and impulsive decision-making in time-non-limited situations. Methods: The subjects performed the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The MFFT investigated the reflection-impulsivity dimension in pathological gamblers (n = 82) and demographically matched healthy subjects (n = 82).Results: Our study demonstrated that pathological gamblers had a significantly higher rate of errors than healthy controls (p = 0.01) but were not different in terms of response time (p = 0.49). We found a similar power of correlation between the number of errors and response time in both pathological gamblers and controls. We may conclude that impaired performance of our pathological gamblers as compared to controls in a situation without time limit pressure cannot be explained by a trade-off of greater speed at the cost of less accuracy. Conclusions: The results of our study showed that pathological gamblers tend to make more errors but do not exhibit quicker responses as compared to the control group. Diminished MFFT performance in pathological gamblers as compared to controls supports findings of previous studies which show that pathological gamblers have impaired decision-making. Further controlled studies with a larger sample size which examine MFFT performance in pathological gamblers are necessary to confirm our results. © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.",Impulsivity | Matching Familiar Figures Test | Pathological gamblers | Response time,European Addiction Research,2010-01-01,Article,"Kertzman, Semion;Vainder, Michael;Vishne, Tali;Aizer, Anat;Kotler, Moshe;Dannon, Pinhas N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898422444,10.5244/C.24.54,Relinking work and family: A catalyst for change.,"Three methods are explored which help indicate whether feature points are potentially visible or occluded in the matching phase of the keyframe-based real-time visual SLAM system. The first derives a measure of potential visibility from the angular proximity to keyframes in which they were observed and globally adjusted, and preferentially selects those with high visibility when tracking the camera position between keyframes. It is found that sorting and selecting features within image bins spread over the image improves tracking stability. The second method automatically recognizes and locates 3D polyhedral objects alongside the point map, and uses them to determine occlusion. The third method uses the map points themselves to grow surfaces. The performance of each is tested on live and recorded sequences. © 2010. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.",,"British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2010 - Proceedings",2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wangsiripitak, S.;Murray, D. W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649089571,,Technology as an occasion for structuring: Evidence from observation of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments,,,Technische Uberwachung,2010-01-01,Article,"Wattendorff, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72249099256,10.1108/02686901011008963,Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Communalism in American Life,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among time pressure (TP), task complexity (TC), and audit effectiveness (AE). It is motivated by the conflicting results reported in prior TP studies. Design/methodology/approach: The research hypotheses are developed using McGrath's interactional model of the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Data are collected using a two-treatment field experiment involving 63 public accountants. Findings: The results show a negative, interactional relationship among TP, TC, and AE. Research limitations/implications: The first limitation concerns the non-random procedure used to recruit public accounting firms and auditors. Second, there is the less than perfect operationalization of the TC construct. Practical implications: First, the findings suggest that public accounting firms may need to resist the urge to reduce the time allowed for performing compliance tests, and provide training to improve the detection rate for all type of compliance deviations. Second, the fact that the rate of change in AE, in response to changes in TP, is different for the two audit tasks studied, suggests that it may not be appropriate for audit planners to assume a uniform TP effect across the various tasks involved in an audit. This insight has implication for the trade-offs between the lower direct audit costs associated with tighter time budgets, and possible increases in audit risk associated with lower AE. Originality/value: Two unique aspects of this paper are the operationalization of TP as a continuous random variable and the use of z-scores to standardize the AE measure. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Auditing | Task analysis | Time-based management,Managerial Auditing Journal,2010-01-01,Article,"Bowrin, Anthony R.;King, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954548953,10.1017/S0140525X10000324,The Mythical Man-Month.,"I raise two issues for Machery's discussion and interpretation of the theory-theory. First, I raise an objection against Machery's claim that theory-theorists take theories to be default bodies of knowledge. Second, I argue that theory-theorists' experimental results do not support Machery's contention that default bodies of knowledge include theories used in their own proprietary kind of categorization process. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010.",,Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2010-01-01,Note,"Blanchard, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85213942407,10.3389/fpubh.2024.1484414,High Impact Time Management.,"Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus species, is a prevalent contaminant in oil crops, with prolonged exposure associated with liver damage. Home-made peanut oil (HMPO) produced by small workshops in Guangzhou is heavily contaminated with AFB1. Despite the enactment of the Small Food Workshops Management Regulations (SFWMR), no quantitative assessment has been conducted regarding its impact on food contamination and public health. The study aims to assess the impact of SFWMR on AFB1 contamination in HMPO and liver function in the population. Method: AFB1 contamination in HMPO were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liver function data were obtained from the health center located in a high-HMPO-consumption area in Guangzhou. Interrupted time series and mediation analyses were employed to assess the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR, AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, and liver function among residents. Result: The AFB1 concentrations in HMPO were 1.29 (0.12, 6.58) μg/kg. The average daily intake of AFB1 through HMPO for Guangzhou residents from 2010 to 2022 ranged from 0.25 to 1.68 ng/kg bw/d, and the Margin of Exposure ranged from 238 to 1,600. The implementation of SFWMR was associated with a significant reduction in AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, showing an immediate decrease of 2.865 μg/kg (P = 0.006) and a sustained annual reduction of 2.593 μg/kg (P = 0.034). Among residents in the high-HMPO-consumption area, the implementation of SFWMR was significantly associated with a reduction in the prevalence of liver function abnormality (PR = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.469–0.902). Subgroup analysis revealed that this reduction was significantly associated with the implementation of SFWMR in the female (PR = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.310–0.755) and in individuals aged ≥ 60 years (PR = 0.586, 95% CI: 0.395–0.868). Mediation analysis demonstrated that AFB1 concentrations in HMPO fully mediated the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR and the liver function abnormality (PR = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.969–0.993). Conclusion: In Guangzhou, the public health issue arising from AFB1 intake through HMPO warrants attention. The implementation of SFWMR had a positive impact on the improvement of AFB1 contamination in HMPO and the liver function. Continued efforts are necessary to strengthen the enforcement of the regulations. The exposure risks to AFB1 among high-HMPO-consumption groups also demand greater focus.",aflatoxin B 1 | home-made peanut oil | interrupted time series analysis | liver function | small food workshop,Frontiers in Public Health,2024-01-01,Article,"Lei, Jiangbo;Li, Yan;Wang, Yanyan;Zhou, Jinchang;Wu, Yuzhe;Zhang, Yuhua;Liu, Lan;Ou, Yijun;Huang, Lili;Wu, Sixuan;Guo, Xuanya;Liu, Lieyan;Peng, Rongfei;Bai, Zhijun;Zhang, Weiwei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952036730,10.1007/BF00872054,Designing Engineers,"Suppliers have developed ingenious ways to improve the performance benchtop dispensing systems. Inexpensive, fast, flexible and easy to operate, these systems can be handheld or mounted to a Cartesian robot. Finding the right combination of time and pressure for a particular material requires some experimentation. Two common sources of variability in shot size are fluctuations in air pressure and material temperature. Assemblers can overcome that problem is dispensing from smaller syringes or starting with syringes that are less than full. When the syringe is full, the narrow end of the cone passes through the air hole of the end cap, limiting how much air pressure can he applied to the piston. The Optimeter is available for 10 and 30 cc syringe barrels. The time pressure unit is not the only game in town for benchtop dispensing. Suppliers have introduced numerous alternatives over the past few years.",,Assembly,2010-01-01,Article,"Sprovieri, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72549112067,10.1109/ICASID.2009.5280409,Executive Behavior,"IP reuse methodology is considered a good solution to the complexity of SoC(System on Chip) and the time pressure from market. Random-Logic(RL) and Finite-State-Machine(FSM) are two main implementation methods in reusable IP design. FSM method is far more widely accepted and applied by IP designers because its can describe IP at behavior level. RL design method, focusing on the specific character of the target circuit, can describe IP according to signal flow. Signals are the main object to be described in this method, and the interconnections among signals are key points in design process. The differences and relations between those two methods are studied. An IIC bus interface model is completed with those two methods respectively, it is shown that the area of the circuit designed with RL method is 20% less than that of the circuit designed with FSM method.",FSM method | IP design | RL method,"2009 3rd International Conference on Anti-counterfeiting, Security, and Identification in Communication, ASID 2009",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Shan, He;Duoli, Zhang;Yunfeng, Wang;Donghui, Guo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72249122099,10.1145/1631127.1631131,A review of the theories of time and structure for organizational sociology.,"Although there has been great interest in the issue of indexing and providing access to multimedia records of meetings, with substantial efforts directed towards collection and analysis of meeting corpora, most research in this area is based on data collected at research labs, under somewhat artificial conditions. In contrast, this paper focuses on data recorded in a real-world setting where a number of health professionals participate in weekly meetings held as part of the work routines in a major hospital. These meetings have been observed to be highly structured, a fact that is due undoubtedly to the time pressures, as well as communication and dependability constraints characteristic of the context in which the meetings happen. The hypothesis investigated in this paper is that the conversational structure of these meetings enable their segmentation into meaningful sub-units, namely individual patient case discussions, based only on data on the roles of the participants and the duration and sequence of vocalisations. We describe the task of segmenting audio-visual records of multidisciplinary medical team meetings as a topic segmentation task, present a method for automatic segmentation based on a ""content-free"" representation of conversational structure, and report the results of a series of patient case segmentation experiments. The approach presented here achieves levels of segmentation accuracy (measured in terms of the standard Pk and WD metrics) comparable to those attained by state of the art topic segmentation algorithms based on richer and combined knowledge sources. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Audio analysis | Meeting analysis | Meeting topic segmentation | Multidisciplinary medical team meetings | Patient case discussions,"3rd Workshop on Searching Spontaneous Conversational Speech, SSCS'09, Co-located with the 2009 ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM'09",2009-12-24,Conference Paper,"Luz, Saturnino",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949520184,10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb03382.x,The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People,,,Medical Journal of Australia,2009-12-21,Short Survey,"Hodgkinson, Anthony H.T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74349088393,10.1016/S0164-1212(01)00067-X,First Things First,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff is a very common phenomenon in many types of human motor tasks. In general, the accuracy of a movement tends to decrease when its speed increases and vise versa. This issue has been studied for more than a century, during which some alternative performance models between the speed and accuracy have been presented. In this paper, we make a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed-accuracy tradeoff models in target-based movement and trajectory-based movement, which are two main and popular task paradigms in human computer interaction. Some of the models emerged from basic research in experimental psychology and motor control theory, whereas others emerged from the specific need in HCI to model the in-teraction between users and physical devices, such as mice, keyboard and stylus. This paper summarized these models from the perspective of spatial constraint and temporal constraint for each of the target-based and trajectory-based movements. © 2009 ISSN.",Human performance model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Target-based movement | Trajectory-based movement,"International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control",2009-12-01,Article,"Zhou, Xiaolei;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450237193,10.1016/j.jmp.2009.09.002,"""Executive behavior and interaction.","Most decision-making research has focused on choices between two alternatives. For choices between many alternatives, the primary result is Hick's Law-that mean response time increases logarithmically with the number of alternatives. Various models for this result exist within specific paradigms, and there are some more general theoretical results, but none of those have been tested stringently against data. We present an experimental paradigm that supports detailed examination of multi-choice data, and analyze predictions from a Bayesian ideal observer model for this paradigm. Data from the experiment deviate from the predictions of the Bayesian model in interesting ways. A simple heuristic model based on evidence accumulation provides a good account for the data, and has attractive properties as a limit case of the Bayesian model. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Hick's Law | Optimal observer models | Probabilistic inference | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Mathematical Psychology,2009-12-01,Article,"Brown, Scott;Steyvers, Mark;Wagenmakers, Eric Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-76549115310,10.1068/p6324,Social Pressure in Informal Groups,"To understand the way in which video-game play affects subsequent perception and cognitive strategy, two experiments were performed in which participants played either a fast-action game or a puzzle-solving game. Before and after video-game play, participants performed a task in which both speed and accuracy were emphasized. In experiment 1 participants engaged in a location task in which they clicked a mouse on the spot where a target had appeared, and in experiment 2 they were asked to judge which of four shapes was most similar to a target shape. In both experiments, participants were much faster but less accurate after playing the action game, while they were slower but more accurate after playing the puzzle game. Results are discussed in terms of a taxonomy of video games by their cognitive and perceptual demands. © 2009 a Pion publication.",,Perception,2009-01-01,Article,"Nelson, Rolf A.;Strachan, Ian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951614879,10.1518/107118109x12524443344754,Toward a theory of relational practice in organizations: A feminist reconstruction of 'real' work,"In this study we investigated the properties of the sustained attention to response task (SART). In the SART, participants respond to frequent (high probability of occurrence) neutral signals and are required to withhold response to rare (low probability of occurrence) critical signals. We examined whether SART performance shows characteristics of speed-accuracy tradeoffs and in addition, we examined whether SART performance is influenced by prior exposure to emotional picture stimuli. Thirty-three participants in this study performed SARTs after being exposed to neutral and negative picture stimuli. Performance in the SART changed rapidly over time and there was a high correlation between participants errors of commission rate and their reaction time to the neutral targets (r = -.72). SART performance was not significantly affected by emotional stimuli, but subjective reports of arousal were significantly affected by emotional stimuli.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Helton, William S.;Kern, Rosalie P.;Walker, Donieka R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-19544390056,10.1177/019145379301900204,Central Problems in Social Theory,,,Philosophy & Social Criticism,1993-01-01,Article,"Keohane, Kieran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040081869,10.1177/144078302128756651,Social-Theory and Modern Sociology,"So far there have usually been only two answers to the question of what to do with dichotomies in sociology, either embrace them or attempt to synthesize them. However, this has produced merely an endless vacillation between the two positions, and a paradoxical constant reproduction of dichotomous thinking, rather than its transformation. This paper works towards a “third answer’ to the question, first, by outlining how the concept of the “Hobbesian problem of order’, as proposed by Talcott Parsons, underpins all sociological dichotomies, and why it is important to re-read Hobbes and revisit the socalled “problem of order’. Second, it explains how Bruno Latour's model of the “Constitution’ of modern thought helps us to understand the dynamics of oppositions like nature/society or agency/structure, and how the problems with dichotomies derive from only perceiving part of the Constitution, rather than all of it. The paper concludes with a discussion of one example of a type of sociology that does operate across all of Latour's Constitution because it is based on a different conception of what is problematic about social order, Norbert Elias’“figurational sociology’, as well as some observations about what we might do with sociology's Constitution from this point onwards. © 2002, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.","constitution | dichotomy | Elias | Hobbes | Latour | problem of order, | sociology",Journal of Sociology,2002-01-01,Article,"Van Krieken, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84964187933,10.1177/003803856900300233,The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.,,,Sociology,1969-01-01,Article,"Wakeford, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69249248103,10.1016/j.ress.2009.05.008,Time Tactics of Very Successful People,"The continued reliance of manual data capture in engineering asset intensive organisations highlights the critical role played by those responsible for recording raw data. The potential for data quality variance across individual operators also exposes the need to better manage this particular group. This paper evaluates the relative importance of the human factors associated with data quality. Using the theory of planned behaviour this paper considers the impact of attitudes, perceptions and behavioural intentions on the data collection process in an engineering asset context. Two additional variables are included, those of time pressure and operator feedback. Time pressure is argued to act as a moderator between intention and data collection behaviour, while perceived behavioural control will moderate the relationship between feedback and data collection behaviour. Overall the paper argues that the presence of best practice procedures or threats of disciplinary sanction are insufficient controls to determine data quality. Instead those concerned with improving the data collection performance of operators should consider the operator's perceptions of group attitude towards data quality, the level of feedback provided to data collectors and the impact of time pressures on procedure compliance. A range of practical recommendations are provided to those wishing to improve the quality of their manually acquired data. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Data quality | Feedback | Manual data acquisition | Operator intention | Time pressure,Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2009-12-01,Review,"Murphy, Glen D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84980283989,10.1111/j.1467-6486.1986.tb00936.x,What do managers do? A critical review of the evidence,,,Journal of Management Studies,1986-01-01,Article,"Hales, Colin P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870969606,10.1139/l93-007,The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time.,"Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in human-computer interaction (HCI) research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on prior research findings this study proposes that information selection of target information in emergency response applications can be improved by using supplementary cues. The research is motivated by cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel and associative processing. Color-coding and location-ordering are proposed as relevant cues that can improve ERS processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental ERS is developed users' performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with the best results obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and complexity increase.",Color | Emergency response systems | Information cues | Information selection | Interface design | Location | Task complexity | Time pressure,ICIS 2009 Proceedings - Thirtieth International Conference on Information Systems,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mcnab, Anna L.;Hess, Traci J.;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870510800,10.1145/76380.76383,Inside America.,"This paper introduces the study of group work pressure (GWP) in information technology (IT) task groups. We theorize that GWP arises from demands and resources in group work and that high levels of GWP inhibit group performance. To identify the constructs of a new group task demands-resources (GTD-R) model, we solicit subjects' descriptions of factors associated with high and low pressure group work situations they have experienced. We find that GWP is composed of characteristics of the task, group, environment, and individuals in the environment. Group characteristics include expertise of the group, group history, and degree of interpersonal conflicts. Individual characteristics include task motivation, personal expertise, and positive/negative consequences. Task complexity, time pressure, and external resources available to the group complete the model tasks. The findings extend prior demands-resources research, suggesting a research model for future study and practical mechanisms for reducing undesirable effects of GWP.",Consequences | Group task demand-resources (GTD-R) model | Group work pressure (GWP) | Interpersonal conflict | Motivation | Task complexity | Task difficulty | Time pressure,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Vance Wilson, E.;Sheetz, Steven D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85116949712,10.1111/socf.12160,The Sociology of Time.,,,Sociological Forum,2015-03-01,Erratum,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73649089336,10.1109/32.29489,Patterns of time use.,,,MMW-Fortschritte der Medizin,2009-12-01,Note,"Notz, Heinz Jürgen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84895283994,,Men and Their Work,"In the aging literature, it is well established that a number of basic cognitive abilities,including information processing speed, decline with age. It is also known that olderadults often develop strategies to adapt to these changes. Although the literature indecision making has examined the effect of age on decision outcomes, less research hasfocused on age differences in decision processes. This chapter reports on the findingsfrom two studies that examined how older adults use adaptive strategies to make realworlddecisions under time constraints. In Study 1, total time for decision processing waslimited. Results showed that younger and older adults used different strategies but madesimilar decisions. In the second study, the time for viewing each piece of informationwas fixed rather than self-paced. Results showed that the adaptation of the young, but notolder adults, resulted in different decisions -indicative of lowering their decisioncriteria. Consistent with Study 1, older adults increased their organization of informationsearches. Finally, differences in subsequent mood and metacognitive beliefs in Study 2suggested differential effects for the experimental manipulations used in Studies 1 and 2.Together, these studies suggest that older adults' information processing strategies areinfluenced by time pressures. © 2009 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.",,New Directions in Aging Research: Health and Cognition,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Schumacher, Mitzi;Jacobs-Lawson, Joy M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77149159114,10.1353/sof.0.0268,High Speed Management: Time Based Strategies for Managers and Organizations.,"The term ""second shift"" from. Hochschild's (1989) classic volume is commonly used by scholars to mean that employed mothers face an unequal load of household labor and thus a ""double day"" of work. We use two representative samples of contemporary U.S. parents with preschoolers to test how mothers employed fulltime and married to a full-time worker (focal, mothers) differ in time allocations and pressures from, fathers and from, mothers employed parttime or not at all. Results indicate focal mothers' total workloads are greater than fathers' by a week-and-a-half, not an ""extra month"" per year. Focal mothers have less leisure, but do not experience more onerous types of unpaid work, nor get less sleep than fathers. Focal, mothers feel greater time pressures compared with fathers; however, some of these tensions extend to other mothers of young children. Finally, these families may be engaged in fewer quality activities with children compared with families where mothers are not employed fulltime. © The University of North Carolina Press.",,Social Forces,2009-12-01,Article,"Milkie, Melissa A.;Raley, Sara B.;Bianchi, Suzanne M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78650463780,10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199908)29:10<833::AID-SPE258>3.0.CO;2-P,"Time, Goods and Well-Being",,,Safer Surgery: Analysing Behaviour in the Operating Theatre,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Mackenzie, Colin F.;Jeffcott, Shelly A.;Xiao, Yan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955793336,10.1177/030630700903500204,The Soul of a New Machine.,"The aim of this paper is to organise decision-making models and methods into one coherent matrix, using complexity (high to low) and time pressure (high to low) dimensions as relevant axes. Eight case vignettes are used to demonstrate the fit of four decision-making models and four decision making methods within high-low complexity and high-low time pressure. The arguments and the vignettes suggest that a particular decision-making model or method becomes an appropriate tool for strategic decision-makers under varying complexity and time pressure. The appropriate model or method would change when the characteristics of the environment change. Decision-making models and methods can be systematically assessed with the proposed framework. © 2009 The Braybrooke Press Ltd.",,Journal of General Management,2009-01-01,Article,"Rahman, Noushi;De Feis, George L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950043678,10.1007/s10049-009-1225-y,The General Managers,"Background: Ultrasound is an integral part of emergency diagnostics. Regarding education and teaching of ultrasound diagnosis a module""Diagnosis of free intra-abdominal fluid"" for a 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound simulator was developed. Methods and concept: A free-hand recording system was coupled with a high-end ultrasound device. 3D-ultrasound volumes were produced and positioned with an electromagnetic tracking system into a mannequin. Feasibility of the ultrasound simulator was assessed during a 4 h ultrasound seminar for students and an 8 h training of postgraduates within realistic emergency scenarios both in the focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) exam. Results: Out of n=170 volumes a module of 10 virtual cases was constructed. Medical students interpreted windows of normal and pathologic findings correctly in 82% and postgraduates in 94% of cases. Conclusion: The ultrasound simulator with 3D multivolume cases may serve as a new method for realistic training in emergency ultrasound. © 2009 Springer Medizin Verlag.",Education | Emergency ultrasound | FAST | Time pressure | Ultrasound simulator,Notfall und Rettungsmedizin,2009-12-01,Article,"Schellhaas, S.;Stier, M.;Walcher, F.;Adili, F.;Schmitz-Rixen, T.;Breitkreutz, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015515239,10.1145/62266.62267,Patterns of contact and communication in scientific research collaborations,"In this paper, we describe the influence of physical proximity on the development of collaborative relationships between scientific researchers and on the execution of their work. Our evidence is drawn from our own studies of scientific collaborators, as well as from observations of research and development activities collected by other investigators. These descriptions provide the foundation for a discussion of the actual and potential role of communications technology in professional work, especially for collaborations carried out at a distance.",,"Proceedings of the 1988 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW 1988",1988-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert;Egido, Carmen;Galegher, Jolene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949464431,10.1109/ICIEEM.2009.5344580,Engineering Culture,"Researchers of decision making have often shown that It is a complex process that a decision maker is quick and accurate at preferences structure or ordering when he was confronted multiple objectives, multiple criteria, and multiple alternatives. Before the enterprise shifts the operation to RFID, needs to carry on the simulation or the construction feasible deliberation and the appraisal first. In the simulation process, the enterprise may understand that what benefit in essence from RFID. Moreover the enterprise may also further estimate possible impact from the RFID. This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professional knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. In this study uses group decision making Matrix to elevate the best RFID supply chain will carry effective and immediate for company. To conclude, this study may be importance in explaining the function of the InlinPreRa Model on decision making, as well as in providing decision makers with a better understanding of the process of the InlinPreRa Model. ©2009 IEEE.",Group decision making | Incomplete linguistic preference relations | InlinPreRa | RFID,IE and EM 2009 - Proceedings 2009 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Peng, Shu Chen;Wang, Tien Chin;Hsu, Shu Chen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859572485,,Action research and minority problems,"The main objective of this study is to investigate the age-related changes in the perceived mental workload during a visual search task. Nineteen older adults (M = 72.1 years) and fourteen younger adults (M = 22.9 years) participated. The participants were asked to detect a target while ignoring task-irrelevant singleton distractors and to estimate the perceived mental workload, using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Reaction times (RTs), sensitivity in detecting the target (d′) and response bias (P) were recorded as the performance on the visual search task. After completing the visual search task, the subjective mental workload was assessed by the NASA-TLX. The results on the visual search task showed that although the older adults' RTs were longer than those of the younger adults, there were no age-related changes with regard to d′ and β. Some differences in the NASA-TLX were found between the older and younger adults; the temporal demand score increased with age, suggesting that older adults tended to feel time pressure strongly in contrast to younger adults. These findings imply that it is important to analyze performance as well as assess the perceived mental workload when designing visual tasks suitable for older adults. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.",,Promotion of Work Ability Towards Productive Aging - Selected Papers of the 3rd International Symposium on Work Ability,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Takahara, Miwa;Miura, Toshiaki;Shinohara, Kazumitsu;Kimura, Takahiko",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21344476094,10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.381,Time management: Test of a process model.,"Although the popular literature on time management claims that engaging in time management behaviors results in increased job performance and satisfaction and fewer job tensions, a theoretical framework and empirical examination are lacking. To address this deficiency, the author proposed and tested a process model of time management. Employees in a variety of jobs completed several scales; supervisors provided performance ratings. Examination of the path coefficients in the model suggested that engaging in some time management behaviors may have beneficial effects on tensions and job satisfaction but not on job performance. Contrary to popular claims, time management training was not found to be effective.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1994-01-01,Article,"Macan, Therese Hoff",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859565329,10.1287/isre.1040.0012,Mind and Body,"The objective of this study was to evaluate the worker's work ability, work characteristics and life style, which lead of towards the comprehension of certain consequences for health and well being related to the work environment. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Wholesale and Flower Market area with around 1,000 micro and small sized companies, including shops, inspection and cleaning services, administrative sector and autonomous porters. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, life-style, health and work aspects, living and work conditions and the Work Ability Index was administered. The sample included 1,006 workers. The male population represented 86.9% of the workers (range from 15 to 73 years old), and the mean age was 33.5 years (SD=12.1). Young women had poor work ability than young men, while the opposite result was found in relation to older women and men. Work breaks had a positive correlation and ""to have a work accident during the last year"" and related risks/hazards at work (lifting and transporting heavy weight, time pressure, tiredness and stressful job) were negatively correlated with work ability. In the life style model, leisure time, physical activities, number of hours of sleep and ""sleeping well"" were correlated with work ability. The study indicated that work conditions are quite important in relation to work ability and should be considered when planning workplace health promotion and intervention actions. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.",SMEs | Work ability index | Work conditions,Promotion of Work Ability Towards Productive Aging - Selected Papers of the 3rd International Symposium on Work Ability,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Monteiro, Inês;Tuomi, Kaija;Ilmarinen, Juhani;Seitsamo, Jorma;Tuominen, Eva;Corrêa-Filho, Heleno Rodrigues",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955592771,10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.009,Time and Human Interaction,"Honours degree students of Public Health Nutrition carried out a half-day assignment in which they were asked to produce, under time pressure, a written press release and a short video suitable for television, on a given nutritional topic. This simulated a real-world situation that they might well face in their future employment. They were encouraged to reflect on the experience, and could use the outcomes of the assignment as evidence towards their learning objectives, assessed in their e-portfolios. © 2009 IADIS.",Authentic assessment podcast video nutrition,"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Learning 2009, Part of the IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sheridan-Ross, Jakki;McElhone, Sinead;Harrison, Gill",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859247507,10.1109/TSE.1978.231521,Qualitative Data Analysis: A Source Book of New Methods,"In competitive engineering the term ""pressure"" is used frequently. Design engineers often face time pressure or cost pressure. Pressure can be described in design engineering as activities of individuals or groups which are intended to fasten or change the behavior of other individuals or groups, i.e. mainly to increase the workload one has to accomplish. Pressure can be either an incitement or an abashment. In sports research, pressure has been identified as a major influencing factor since several years and has been researched intensively [1], [2], [3]. In design research a recent focus has been on trust [4] and emotional alignment in teams [5]. Trust seems to be core to developing and maintaining a successful relationship. Trust is a main prerequisite for knowledge sharing in collaborative design; extensive pressure seems to hinder knowledge sharing and communication. This paper presents and explains the hypothesis that pressure and trust are two main influences on collaborative design productivity and that the functions and consequences of both can only be fully understood if they are considered simultaneously. The paper is based on an extensive literature review, a retrospective analysis of two design engineers, logical reasoning, and numerous discussions with colleagues in practice and academia.",Innovation | Knowledge | Pressure | Product development processes | Trust,"DS 58-9: Proceedings of ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Pulm, Udo;Stetter, Ralf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85086255048,10.1109/TR.2009.2019669,The Nature of Managerial Work,"Despite well meaning intentions, many aid interventions fail for one reason or another. The reasons are varied: lack of consideration of local circumstances and process requirements, and in particular inadequate involvement of affected stakeholders as well as inadequate cross-sectorial coordination. This is not surprising given poor organizational memory combined with decisions being made under time pressure and strict deadlines combined with little adaptive capacity. Additionally, information about the importance of process requirements and engagement is qualitative and as such is unfortunately often given secondary importance. To address this, we suggest a Risk assessment component as part of the project design phase based on Bayesian Networks (BNs) utilizing expert and local knowledge. This not only improves organizational memory and transparency but also provides a direct link for assessing cost benefits and minimizing the risk of failure. Most importantly this prioritizes engagement, processes and an understanding of the local context. This paper describes how BNs have been developed and tested on water supply interventions in the town of Tarawa, Kiribati. Models have been populated using data from interviews and literature to evaluate water supply options, i.e. rainwater harvesting, desalination and reserve extensions; this paper reports only on the model relating to reserves extension, i.e. new reserves for protection of groundwater extracted for water distribution purposes.",Bayesian Networks (BNs) | Risk assessment | Water aid development,"18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM 2009 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Proceedings",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Moglia, M.;Perez, P.;Pope, S.;Burn, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953194452,10.4271/2008-01-2270,I Sing the Body Electronic: A Year with Microsoft on the Multimedia Frontier,"Ground Vibration Testing (GVT) of aircraft is typically performed very late in the development process. Main purpose of the test is to obtain experimental vibration data of the whole aircraft structure for validating and improving its structural dynamic models. Among other things, these models are used to predict the flutter behaviour and carefully plan the safety-critical in-flight tests. Due to the limited availability of the aircraft for a GVT and the fact that multiple configurations need to be tested, an extreme time pressure exists to get the test results. The aim of the paper is to discuss recent hardware and software technology advancements for performing a GVT that are able to realize an important testing and analysis time reduction without compromising the accuracy of the results. The paper will also look at the connection between the GVT and the other components of the development process by indicating how the GVT can be planned using the virtual prototype of the aircraft and how the GVT data analysis results can be used to obtain a highly reliable model for flutter prediction. Although, the presented modern GVT solutions apply to all types of aircraft, the paper will discuss the application to very large aircraft, recently tested at EADS CASA on the A310 and the A330 MRTT. The paper will discuss the following: Section 1 discusses the history, challenges and trends in Ground Vibration Testing. Section 2 highlights a modern hardware and software architecture allowing a 1000+ channel GVT. Different aircraft excitation techniques and modal parameter estimation techniques will be critically assessed. The technology is extensively illustrated by means of several recent GVT cases. Section 3 discusses the integrated use Finite Element (FE) models during the GVT. The FE model available before the GVT can be used to make predictions on the aircraft dynamic behaviour and to optimize the test arrangement and duration. Afterwards, the FE model is updated to better match the test results. © 2008 SAE International.",,SAE International Journal of Aerospace,2009-12-01,Article,"Peeters, Bart;Debille, Jan;Climent, Héctor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952980547,10.1145/1738826.1738838,Theory Z. Reading,"There is an increasing interest in CSCW systems for supporting emergency and crisis management. In this paper we explore work practices in emergency animal disease management focusing on the high-level analysis and decision making of the Australian Consultative Committee for Emergency Animal Disease (CCEAD) - a geographically distributed committee established to recommend action plans during animal disease outbreak. Our findings explore the ways in which they currently share and analyse information together, focusing in particular on their teleconferencing mediated meetings. Our findings highlight factors relating to the time pressure of the task, diverse configuration of the group and asymmetrical settings and how these influence the groups information sharing and communication. We use the findings to discuss implications for collaboration technologies that could support the group and broader implications for similarly structured work groups. © ACM 2009.",Distributed collaboration | Emergency response | Workplace study,"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group - Design: Open 24/7, OZCHI '09",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Li, Jane;O'Hara, Kenton",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951581729,10.1518/107118109x12524443347751,"Finding Time: How Corporations, Individuals and Families Can Benefit from New Work Practices","Navigation is an essential element in many telerobotic operations especially those that involve time pressure and complex terrains. This study demonstrates that properly designed augmented reality interfaces can significantly aid human operators in the task of land based tele-robotic navigation. Participants in this study were assigned to one of three experimental conditions (control, sonification interface, visual interface). All participants were trained in tele-robotic landmine detection and navigation, the groups performed these tasks first with augmentation (session one) and then without (session two/transfer task). The results show that participants in the sonification interface group outperformed the visual interface and control group in terms of primary task sensitivity, the number of sectors cover and the number of sectors repeated. The results further indicated that a well designed AR navigation interface could serve as an effective training tool.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Stone, Richard T.;Bisantz, Ann;Llinas, James;Paquet, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870160482,10.1109/MS.2005.73,Profession without Community: Engineers in American Society,"What are the roles of time and time pressures in design and performance of agile processes for software development? How do we plan our rapid development activities given the constraints of due dates? What does it mean to be on 'internet time'? Agile methods are meant to be fast-paced, but are they fast in an effective way? How do time-pressures influence the productivity of a project team and how do they impact the motivations of developers? This paper considers the time issues in agile approaches to managing software projects and posits research propositions to guide further study of this area.",Adaptable Software Development | Software Product Development | Time Pressures,"15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harris, Michael L.;Collins, Rosann Webb;Hevner, Alan R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867828602,10.1109/FOSE.2007.24,In Search of Excellence.,"This paper discusses the durability rationale behind the need for and selection of a coating system to be applied to reinforced concrete bridge piles driven into aggressive soils along a major road alignment. It also outlines the practical difficulties encountered during the first trials and the process and changes that were required to overcome physical constraints. Whilst some guidance as to the required actions to mitigate aggressive conditions is provided in the Australian Bridge and Piling codes and various State Road Authority specifications, achieving robust and efficient solutions that are suited to the construction processes required is not easy to achieve, particularly under the time pressures associated with the delivery of a major project. This case study sets out how the site was assessed for durability design, what solutions were formulated and suggested to the design team, how the designers and constructors selected the preferred solution, how that was implemented and the quality of the application assessed during construction.",Aggressive soils | Coatings. | Corrosion. | Durability. | Reinforced concrete.,49th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2009: Corrosion and Prevention 2009,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Blin, F.;Foggin, J.;White, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951524064,10.1518/107118109x12524442636508,Relinking Life and Work: Toward a Better Future. A Report to the Ford Foundation,"Cases of retained foreign objects after surgery have been a problem since the beginning of modern surgery. However, the preventive measure to this problem has remained rather primitive - through manual surgical count by scrub nurses. The process of counting is subject to errors under stressful environment, such as time pressure, distractions, and high cognitive workload. The objective of this study is to measure the differences in the performance and attention patterns according to the expertise of the scrub nurses within an operating theatre, finally drawing a conclusion on the means through which the performance of scrub nurses can be optimized to reduce chances of errors. Qualitative observations on three different types of surgery and two eye movement data collected in the operation theatre have shown both qualitative and quantitative differences in performance and behavioral patterns between expert and novice scrub nurses, suggesting that task switching, task prioritization and situation awareness are latent factors affecting their task performances.",Attention patterns | Expertise | Operating theatre | Retained surgical items | Scrub nurses | Surgical count,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Koh, Ranieri Yung Ing;Yang, Xi;Yin, Shanqing;Ong, Lay Teng;Donchin, Yoel;Park, Taezoon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949747979,10.1109/CISE.2009.5365478,The Engineer in the Industrial Corporation,"Many time-critical applications, such as emergency evacuation, demand decision-makers to make prompt decisions under time pressure. Therefore, it is essential to design an intuitive and interactive User Interface to present critical information to users so that they can make effective decisions in time-critical situation. Using Ajax technology, this paper designs a GIS-based, flexible and interactive User Interface for emergency evacuation system to meet the aforementioned requirements. ©2009 IEEE.",GIS-based | HCI | Time-critical | UI,"Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, CiSE 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Fan, Wenjuan;Ling, Anhong;Li, Xiang;Liu, Gang;Zhan, Jian;Li, An;Sha, Yongzhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74049090377,10.1109/IAS.2009.204,How Americans Use Time: A Social Psychological Analysis of Everyday Behavior,"This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professional knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. © 2009 IEEE.",Group decision making formatting | InlinPreRa | MCDM | Multi-Criteria Incomplete Linguistic preference relations,"5th International Conference on Information Assurance and Security, IAS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Wang, Tien Chin;Peng, Shu Chen;Hsu, Shu Chen;Chang, Juifang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950501857,10.1145/1531674.1531720,Banana time.,"Information transfer under time pressure and stress often leads to information loss. This paper studies the characteristics and problems of information handover from the emergency medical services (EMS) crew to the trauma team when a critically injured patient arrives to the trauma bay. We consider the characteristics of the handover process and the subsequent use of transferred information. Our goal is to support the design of technology for information transfer by identifying specific challenges faced by EMS crews and trauma teams during handover. Data were drawn from observation and video recording of 18 trauma resuscitations. The study shows how EMS crews report information from the field and the types of information that they include in their reports. Particular problems occur when reports lack structure, continuity, and complete descriptions of treatments given en route. We also found that trauma team members have problems retaining reported information. They pay attention to the items needed for immediately treating the patient and inquire about other items when needed during the resuscitation. The paper identifies a set of design challenges that arise during information transfer under time pressure and stress, and discusses characteristics of potential technological solutions. © 2009 ACM.",Communication | Healthcare | Information handover | Teamwork | Time-critical work | Traumatic injury,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Sarcevic, Aleksandra;Burd, Randall S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85086278752,,The Overworked American,"In 2003, SARS was a serious health concern in Canada. As of September 3 of that year, the Public Health Agency of Canada reported a total of 438 cases: 251 Probable (247 Ontario, 4 British Columbia) and 187 Suspect (128 Ontario, 46 British Columbia). Although the outbreak was short-lived, more than forty people died from the disease. A substantial database evolved as a consequence of control efforts. Specimens began to be received and tested at the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on March 17, 2003. NML's SARS database contains more than 12,000 records and 192 variables, with variables detailing clinical/ diagnostic (17), microbiological (143), epidemiological (25), and administrative (7) features. Clinical variables include: diarrhea, difficulty of breathing, severity of illness, systemic status, date of onset of illness, case status, case status modification, and case status modification date. Diagnostic variables include: fever, chest X-ray change, cough, shortness of breath, contact with probable case, travel, source of exposure, and contact type. Epidemiological data include: date of birth, age, sex, epidemiology cluster, and employment status. Administrative data include: patient's last name, first name, temporal data (date of collection of the specimen, date of its receipt, and first date of hospitalization of the patient) and spatial data (origin of specimen, and identity of the hospital). A wide variety of laboratory tests are included in the database: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA, 7 variables), Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA, 7); plaque reduction neutralization test (PRN, 3); cytopathogenic test (CPE, 2), and electron microscopy test (EM, 8). There are tests for Coronavirus (13 variables), human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 16), circovirus (Circo, 4), porcine circovirus (PCV1, 6), TT-virus (TTV, 7), TTV-like-mini-virus (TLMV, 7), Hantaanvirus (1), Rhinovirus (3), and Paramyxovirus (3). Nested PCR, RT-PCR, and sequencing tests are common among the viruses. The NML-SARS database evolved as part of an ongoing effort involving multiple institutions, multiple regions, intense time pressures, and the participation of many operational and scientific specialties (e.g., clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, administrators). Although the database arose in response to a specific disease in Canada, it can be looked upon as an example of what might typically arise from a public-health response to an outbreak of an emerging disease. Hence there is value in analysing the NML-SARS database, looking for general characteristics, and highlighting where opportunities for scientific advances exist. This is our objective. Putative characteristics of outbreak-response data sets are: ad hoc by definition; evolving database and data administration; basic assumptions (e.g., case definition) open to refinement; and insights that are often merely suggestive. Opportunities for scientific advancement include: Exploratory Data Analysis of evolving data sets; definition of a relational data model appropriate to outbreak-response data sets; improvement of statistical data modelling methodology to estimate empty blocks of cells (resulting as emerging understanding directs interest from one area to another); data analysis to refine basic assumptions made during control operations; process modelling to explore consequences of unverified insights.",Disease modelling | Outbreak-response data sets | Relational data model | SARS,"18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM 2009 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Proceedings",2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cuff, Wilfred R.;Liang, Binhua;Duvvuri, Venkata R.;Wu, Jianhong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951614943,10.1518/107118109x12524441079904,The Hidden Injuries of Class.,"A key challenge facing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators is the need to re-plan routes on-the-fly when situations change. Operators must comprehend three-dimensional (3D) scenes and a multitude of potentially competing 3D mission and routing constraints in order to successfully re-plan, often under time pressure. Currently, there is significant research interest in supporting UAV operators through automation and improved visualizations. However, development and integration of these methods requires a careful understanding of the 3D spatial awareness challenges and requirements facing operators. To facilitate this understanding, here we report the design and validation of a synthetic task environment (STE) and testbed to study UAV re-planning. The STE is derived from a recent task analysis conducted with Navy UAV operators that focused on the key 3D spatial challenges entailed in re-planning. In an initial validation of the STE implemented in a re-planning testbed, several measures of re-planning performance were assessed for 36 participants working through controlled re-planning scenarios. The presence of mountainous terrain and the spatial overlap of mission constraints were parametrically varied. Performance was consistently worse in mountainous terrain, and in more highly-constrained conditions in mountainous terrain. In flat terrain, however, less constrained conditions resulted in paradoxically worse performance. Results have both basic and applied implications. Theoretically, the study provides a bridge between applied re-planning research and classic human problem solving work by allowing apparently simpler, unconstrained re-planning to be conceived of as less bounded search through re-planning problem space. For application, the results help constrain and define the requirements for future 3D visualization and automation support for UAV re-planning displays.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cook, Maia B.;Smallman, Harvey S.;Lacson, Frank C.;Manes, Daniel I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950506590,10.1145/1531674.1531739,Occupational employment projects.,"All domains of human activity and society require creativity. This dissertation applies machine learning and data mining techniques to create a framework for applying emerging Human Centric Computing (HCC) systems for study and creation of creativity support tools. The proposed system collects and analyzes highresolution on-line and physically captured contextual and social data to substantially contribute to new and better understandings of workplace behavior, social and affective experience, and creative activities. Using this high granularity data, dynamic instruments that use real-time sensing and inference algorithms to provide guidance and support on events and processes related to affect and creativity will be developed and evaluated. In the long term, it is expected that this approach will lead to adaptive reflective technologies that stimulate collaborative activity, reduce time pressure and interruption, mitigate detrimental effects of negative affect, and increase individual and team creative activity and outcomes. © 2009 ACM.",Affect and creativity | Creative ubiquitous environments | Creativeit | Creativity support tools | Cscw | Human social network | Hybrid methodologies,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Tripathi, Priyamvada",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70849112950,10.1145/1531674.1531684,Managers and Their Jobs.,"Increasingly, large organizations are experimenting with internal social media (e.g., blogs, forums) as a platform for widespread distributed collaboration. Contributions to their counterparts outside the organization's firewall are driven by attention from strangers, in addition to sharing among friends. However, employees in a workplace under time pressures may be reluctant to participate and the audience for their contributions is comparatively smaller. Participation rates also vary widely from group to group. So what influences people to contribute in this environment? In this paper, we present the results of a year-long empirical study of internal social media participation at a large technology company, and analyze the impact attention, feedback, and managers' and coworkers' participation have on employees' behavior. We find feedback in the form of posted comments is highly correlated with a user's subsequent participation. Recent manager and coworker activity relate to users initiating or resuming participation in social media. These findings extend, to an aggregate level, the results from prior interviews about blogging at the company and offer design and policy implications for organizations seeking to encourage social media adoption. © 2009 ACM.",Attention | Blogs | Contributions | Feedback | Social media,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Brzozowski, Michael J.;Sandholm, Thomas;Hogg, Tad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450164263,10.1109/HIS.2009.186,The Use of Time: Daily Activities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve Countries.,"The proposes of this study is to ascertain the effect of using Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations based group decision making under a fuzzy environment to help decision makers select the best one amongst multiple criteria and alternatives. This study not only applies Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Linguistic model (InlinPreRa) and uses horizontal, vertical and oblique pairwise comparison algorithms to construct but also expansion group decision making model. When the decision maker is carrying out the pairwise comparison, the following problems can be avoided: time pressure, lack of complete information, the decision maker is lack of this professiona l knowledge, or the information provided is unreal and thus it is difficult to obtain information. In this study, the Web shops' performances will be evaluated effective and immediate in this model. © 2009 IEEE.",Group decision making | InlinPreRa | MCDM | Multi-criteria incomplete linguistic preference relations,"Proceedings - 2009 9th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, HIS 2009",2009-11-27,Conference Paper,"Wang, Tien Chin;Peng, Shu Chen;Hsu, Shu Chen;Chang, Juifang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450162180,10.1109/5326.971664,The Principles of Scientific Management.,"This study investigates a severe form of segmental reduction known as contraction. In Taiwan Mandarin, a disyllabic word or phrase is often contracted into a monosyllabic unit in conversational speech, just as ""do not"" is often contracted into ""don't"" in English. A systematic experiment was conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of such contraction. Preliminary results show evidence that contraction is not a categorical shift but a gradient undershoot of the articulatory target as a result of time pressure. Moreover, contraction seems to occur only beyond a certain duration threshold. These findings may further our understanding of the relation between duration and segmental reduction. Copyright © 2009 ISCA.",Contraction | Duration | Reduction | Speech rate | Taiwan Mandarin | Undershoot,"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH",2009-11-26,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Chierh;Xu, Yi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350583212,10.1007/978-3-642-03655-2_99,"""Managerial work roles and relationships","Speed-accuracy tradeoff is a common phenomenon in many types of human motor tasks. In general, the more accurately the task is to be accomplished, the more time it takes, and vice versa. In particular, when users attempt to complete the task with a specified amount of time, the accuracy of the task can be considered as a dependent variable to measure user performance. In this paper we investigate speed-accuracy tradeoff in trajectory-based tasks with temporal constraint, through a controlled experiment that manipulates the movement time (MT) in addition to the tunnel amplitude (A) and width (W). A quantitative model is proposed and validated to predict the task accuracy in terms of lateral standard deviation (SD) of the trajectory. © 2009 Springer.",Human performance model | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Temporal constraint | Trajectory-based tasks,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2009-11-06,Conference Paper,"Zhou, Xiaolei;Cao, Xiang;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023867886,,Occupational communities: Culture and control in organizations,"The authors present a candidate unifying principle to guide software project management. Reflecting various alphabetical management theories (X, Y, Z), it is called the Theory W approach to software project management. They explain the Theory W principle and its two subsidiary principles: plan the flight and fly the plan; and, identify and manage your risks. To test the practicability of Theory W, a case study is presented and analyzed: the attempt to introduce new information systems to a large industrial corporation in an emerging nation. The analysis shows that Theory W and its subsidiary principles do an effective job both in explaining why the project encountered problems, and in prescribing ways in which the problems could have been avoided.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1988-01-01,Conference Paper,"Boehm, Barry;Ross, Rony",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349928945,10.1007/978-3-642-04133-4_11,The Social Psychology of Organizing,"During a software process improvement program, the current state of software development processes is being assessed and improvement actions are being determined. However, these improvement actions are based on process models obtained during interviews and document studies, e.g. quality manuals. Such improvements are scarcely based on the practical way of working in an organization; they do not take into account shortcuts made due to e.g. time pressure. Becoming conscious about the presence of such deviations and understanding their causes and impacts, consequences for particular software process improvement activities in a particular organization could be proposed. This paper reports on the application of process mining techniques to discover shortcomings in the Change Control Board process in an organization during the different lifecycle phases and to determine improvement activities. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.",Performance analysis | Process mining | Software process improvement,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2009-10-19,Conference Paper,"Šamalíková, Jana;Trienekens, Jos J.M.;Kusters, Rob J.;Weijters, A. J.M.M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349739015,10.1109/ICIW.2009.96,Sensemaking in Organizations,"In this paper, we present a computing theory and its analysis for collaborative and transparent decision making under temporary constraint, i.e., cost of time pressure which decision makers face in negotiation. We have formulated the proposed computing theory based on game theory and information economics, and checked its feasibility in its applications to a case study. A general heuristics tells that the critical point of selection of proper strategies between collaboration and competition is the half time of the maximum acceptable time for negotiation. The proposed theory shows that the true critical point is the one-third of the maximum acceptable time for negotiation so that conventional decision support systems should be re-designed to select the strategy of collaboration at the much earlier stage. © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 2009 4th International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, ICIW 2009",2009-10-13,Conference Paper,"Sasaki, Hideyasu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350505827,10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.016,The Social Production of Technical Work,"Winkens I, Van Heugten CM, Wade DT, Habets EJ, Fasotti L. Efficacy of Time Pressure Management in stroke patients with slowed information processing: a randomized controlled trial. Objective: To examine the effects of a Time Pressure Management (TPM) strategy taught to stroke patients with mental slowness, compared with the effects of care as usual. Design: Randomized controlled trial with outcome assessments conducted at baseline, at the end of treatment (at 5-10wk), and at 3 months. Setting: Eight Dutch rehabilitation centers. Participants: Stroke patients (N=37; mean age ± SD, 51.5±9.7y) in rehabilitation programs who had a mean Barthel score ± SD at baseline of 19.6±1.1. Intervention: Ten hours of treatment teaching patients a TPM strategy to compensate for mental slowness in real-life tasks. Main Outcome Measures: Mental Slowness Observation Test and Mental Slowness Questionnaire. Results: Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (n=20) and to care as usual (n=17). After 10 hours of treatment, both groups showed a significant decline in number of complaints on the Mental Slowness Questionnaire. This decline was still present at 3 months. At 3 months, the Mental Slowness Observation Test revealed significantly higher increases in speed of performance of the TPM group in comparison with the care-as-usual group (t=-2.7, P=.01). Conclusions: Although the TPM group and the care-as-usual group both showed fewer complaints after a 3-month follow-up period, only the TPM group showed improved speed of performance on everyday tasks. Use of TPM treatment therefore is recommended when treating stroke patients with mental slowness. © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.",Cognitive therapy | Information processing | Rehabilitation | Stroke,Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,2009-10-01,Article,"Winkens, Ieke;Van Heugten, Caroline M.;Wade, Derick T.;Habets, Esther J.;Fasotti, Luciano",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951683247,10.1080/10400410903297964,The Metronomic Society,"Workplace changes necessitate employees' innovative behavior. Developing and implementing new ideas can be enhanced by focusing on situational characteristics and adjusting them to improve employees' working conditions. To date, mostly interactions between situational and personal characteristics on innovative behavior have been researched. This study focused explicitly on the interaction between 3 situational characteristics: Time pressure, skill variety, and feedback from supervisors. A questionnaire study was administered to 81 employees (age range 40-64 years) from different organizations. Results indicated direct positive correlations between time pressure and skill variety with idea generation and implementation. Feedback from supervisors moderated the positive relationships while controlling for effects of creative thinking abilities. Implications are explored. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Creativity Research Journal,2009-10-01,Article,"Noefer, Katrin;Stegmaier, Ralf;Molter, Beate;Sonntag, Karlheinz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72449143751,,Show Stopper!: The Breakneck Race to Create Windows NT and the Next Generation at Microsoft,"The deliberation process is rarely considered in conventional route choice models. In this paper, the decision field theory (DFT) is used as the theoretical basis to develop a framework and to model the process-oriented vehicle dynamic route choice. The interactions of driver psychology, road conditions, and decision-making time are taken into account, and the travel time, distance, as well as the number of intersections are set as the main attributes in the model. In this way, the model is closer to the actual decision-making process. The model simulation results show that incomplete traffic information leads to ""certainty effect"", and cannot guide the driver effectively. The drivers' route choice decisions and processes depend on the drivers' characteristics, uncertainty of road conditions, as well as the time pressure which reduces quality of decision-making and cause ""reversal phenomenon"". ©2009 by Science Press.",Decision field theory | Deliberation process | Time pressure | Vehicle routing choice,Jiaotong Yunshu Xitong Gongcheng Yu Xinxi/ Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2009-10-01,Article,"Gao, Feng;Wang, Ming Zhe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70549091038,10.1016/s1570-6672(08)60082-3,Hidden Rhythms,"Pedestrian flow characteristics analysis and model calibration constitute the base and key processes of pedestrian simulation. Field data of pedestrian flow was collected in Chinese comprehensive passenger transport terminal-Xizhimen underground station using video recording, and then selected and analyzed by statistic analysis software SPSS. Parameters relation models for pedestrian flow on different terminal facilities were established based on data statistics. The results show that the pedestrian flow-density relation model is quadratic equation an corridor; the flow-space relation model is quadratic equation when space is below a certain value and is logarithmic equation when space is above the value; the speed-density relation model is linear equation. The models on stairs show the similar characteristics, but the eigenvalue is different. Parameters of social force model were acquired based on these models. Range of semi-major axis of pedestrian ellipse in social force model was ascertained. Considering time pressure as a factor pattern, expect speed in social force model was obtained by multiplying this factor and speed-density function together. ©2009 by Science Press.",Comprehensive transport terminal | Model parameter calibration | Pedestrian flow characteristic | Traffic simulation,Jiaotong Yunshu Xitong Gongcheng Yu Xinxi/ Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2009-01-01,Article,"Jia, Hong Fei;Yang, Li Li;Tang, Ming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85190930761,10.1145/1520340.1520715,Mechanics of the middle class,"This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1985.",,Mechanics of the Middle Class: Work and Politics Among American Engineers,2024-03-29,Book,"Zussman, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69949112022,10.1007/978-3-642-03603-3_9,"Papers citing: ""The time famine: Toward a sociology of work time""","Like in any other auctioning environment, entities participating in Power Stock Markets have to compete against other in order to maximize own revenue. Towards the satisfaction of their goal, these entities (agents - human or software ones) may adopt different types of strategies - from na?ve to extremely complex ones - in order to identify the most profitable goods compilation, the appropriate price to buy or sell etc, always under time pressure and auction environment constraints. Decisions become even more difficult to make in case one takes the vast volumes of historical data available into account: goods' prices, market fluctuations, bidding habits and buying opportunities. Within the context of this paper we present Cassandra, a multi-agent platform that exploits data mining, in order to extract efficient models for predicting Power Settlement prices and Power Load values in typical Day-ahead Power markets. The functionality of Cassandra is discussed, while focus is given on the bidding mechanism of Cassandra's agents, and the way data mining analysis is performed in order to generate the optimal forecasting models. Cassandra has been tested in a real-world scenario, with data derived from the Greek Energy Stock market. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.",Data Mining | Energy Stock Markets | Regression Methods | Software Agents,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2009-09-14,Conference Paper,"Chrysopoulos, Anthony C.;Symeonidis, Andreas L.;Mitkas, Pericles A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-35348992672,10.5465/AMR.2007.26586086,Methodological fit in management field research,"Methodological fit, an implicitly valued attribute of high-quality field research in organizations, has received little attention in the management literature. Fit refers to internal consistency among elements of a research project - research question, prior work, research design, and theoretical contribution. We introduce a contingency framework that relates prior work to the design of a research project, paying particular attention to the question of when to mix qualitative and quantitative data in a single research paper. We discuss implications of the framework for educating new field researchers. Copyright at the Academy of Management, all rights reserved.",,Academy of Management Review,2007-01-01,Article,"Edmondson, Amy C.;Mcmanus, Stacy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035531999,10.5465/AMR.2001.4378023,Reconceptualizing mentoring at work: A developmental network perspective,"We introduce social networks theory and methods as a way of understanding mentoring in the current career context. We first introduce a typology of ""developmental networks"" using core concepts from social networks theory - network diversity and tie strength - to view mentoring as a multiple relationship phenomenon. We then propose a framework illustrating factors that shape developmental network structures and offer propositions focusing on the developmental consequences for individuals having different types of developmental networks in their careers. We conclude with strategies both for testing our propositions and for researching multiple developmental relationships further.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Review,"Higgins, Monica C.;Kram, Kathy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349305400,10.1177/0961463X09337847,Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking,"Complaints about time shortage permeate contemporary western societies. Many disciplines, from sociology to economics, have been involved in research and theorizing about time shortage, in contrast to the paucity of psychological research. This review of the extant heterogeneous terminology proposes that chronic time pressure (CTP) be used as temporary overarching term, subsuming the objective component of time shortage and the subjective-emotional component of being rushed. Feeling rushed may lead to the perception of time shortage. The review explores how most previous research on CTP used surveys and time-diaries that were developed to assess time allocations and have limited usefulness in examining subjective temporal experience. The recently developed Experience Sampling Method and Daily Reconstruction Method, combined with in-depth interviews, augment existing methods and may provide detailed analyses of the being rushed component of CTP. Conceptual ties to other disciplines and to well-being and stress research are also emphasized. © 2009, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",chronic time pressure | DRM | ESM | psychology | review,Time & Society,2009-01-01,Article,"Szollos, Alex",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70450162300,10.1145/1531674.1531710,How and why people Twitter: the role that micro-blogging plays in informal communication at work,"Micro-blogs, a relatively new phenomenon, provide a new communication channel for people to broadcast information that they likely would not share otherwise using existing channels (e.g., email, phone, IM, or weblogs). Micro-blogging has become popu-lar quite quickly, raising its potential for serving as a new informal communication medium at work, providing a variety of impacts on collaborative work (e.g., enhancing information sharing, building common ground, and sustaining a feeling of connectedness among colleagues). This exploratory research project is aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of how and why people use Twitter - a popular micro-blogging tool - and exploring micro-blog's poten-tial impacts on informal communication at work. © 2009 ACM.",Informal communication | Micro-blog | Twitter,GROUP'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Supporting Group Work,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Zhao, Dejin;Rosson, Mary Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036017981,10.2307/3094890,Emotional balancing of organizational continuity and radical change: The contribution of middle managers,"Based on a three-year inductive field study of an attempt at radical change in a large firm, I show how middle managers displayed two seemingly opposing emotion-management patterns that facilitated beneficial adaptation for their work groups: (1) emotionally committing to personally championed change projects and (2) attending to recipients' emotions. Low emotional commitment to change led to organizational inertia, whereas high commitment to change with little attending to recipients' emotions led to chaos. The enactment of both patterns constituted emotional balancing and facilitated organizational adaptation: change, continuity in providing quality in customer service, and developing new knowledge and skills.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2002-01-01,Article,"Huy, Quy Nguyen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84909015748,10.4324/9781410607423,Multiple commitments in the workplace: An integrative approach,"The growing interest in multiple commitments among researchers and practitioners is evinced by the greater attention in the literature to the broader concept of work commitment. This includes specific objects of commitment, such as organization, work group, occupation, the union, and one's job. In the last several years a sizable body of research has accumulated on the multidimensional approach to commitment. This knowledge needs to be marshaled, its strengths highlighted, and its importance, as well as some of its weaknesses made known, with the aim of guiding future research on commitment based on a multidimensional approach. This book's purpose is to summarize this knowledge, as well as to suggest ideas and directions for future research. Most of the book addresses what seems to be the important aspects of commitment by a multidimensional approach: the differences among these forms, the definition and boundaries of commitment foci as part of a multidimensional approach, their interrelationships, and their effect on outcomes, mainly work outcomes. Two chapters concern aspects rarely examined--the relationship of commitment foci to aspects of nonwork domains and cross-cultural aspects of commitment foci--that should be important topics for future research. Addressing innovative focuses of multiple commitments at work, this book: * suggests a provocative and innovative approach on how to conceptualize and understand multiple commitments in the workplace; * provides a thorough and updated review of the existing research on multiple commitments; * analyzes the relationships among commitment forms and how they might affect behavior at work; and * covers topics rarely covered in multiple commitment research and includes all common scales of commitment forms that can assist researchers and practitioners in measuring commitment forms.",,Multiple Commitments in the Workplace: An Integrative Approach,2003-01-01,Book,"Cohen, Aaron",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68349135055,10.1016/j.ergon.2009.01.001,"Book review symposium: Response to Reviews of Arne L Kalleberg, Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: The Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s","As a part of a comprehensive ergonomics program, this study was conducted among employees of an Iranian petrochemical industry to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and to examine the relationship between perceived demands and reported symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 928 randomly selected employees, corresponding to nearly 40% of all employees participated. Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire and Job Content Questionnaire were used as collecting data tools. The results showed that 73% of the study population had experienced some form of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system during the last 12 months. Knees and lower back symptoms were the most prevalent problem among the employees studied. The results revealed that perceived physical demands were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms (OR ranged from 1.45 to 2.33). Among the perceived physical demands, awkward working postures were most frequently associated with reported musculoskeletal symptoms. Association was also found between perceived psychological demands and reported symptoms. Conflicting demands, waiting on work from other people or departments, interruption that other make, working very fast and time pressure were psychological factors retained in the regression models with OR ≥ 1.49. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that any interventional program for preventing or reducing musculoskeletal symptoms among the petrochemical employees studied had to focus on reducing physical demands, particularly awkward working postures as well as psychological aspect of working environment. Relevance to industry: In petrochemical industry where employees are involved in both static and dynamic activities, determination of musculoskeletal symptoms contributing factors can be considered as a basis for planning and implementing interventional ergonomics program for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and improving working conditions. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Musculoskeletal risk factors | Musculoskeletal symptoms | Perceived demands | Petrochemical industry,International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2009-09-01,Article,"Choobineh, Alireza;Sani, Gholamreza Peyvandi;Rohani, Mohsen Sharif;Pour, Mohammad Gangi;Neghab, Masoud",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539345,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393903,Time: A new research lens,,,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Ancona, Deborah G.;Goodman, Paul S.;Lawrence, Barbara S.;Tushman, Michael L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4544325571,10.1007/s12094-009-0319-9,"Constant, constant, multi-tasking craziness: managing multiple working spheres","Most current designs of information technology are based on the notion of supporting distinct tasks such as document production, email usage, and voice communication. In this paper we present empirical results that suggest that people organize their work in terms of much larger and thematically connected units of work. We present results of fieldwork observation of information workers in three different roles: analysts, software developers, and managers. We discovered that all of these types of workers experience a high level of discontinuity in the execution of their activities. People average about three minutes on a task and somewhat more than two minutes using any electronic tool or paper document before switching tasks. We introduce the concept of working spheres to explain the inherent way in which individuals conceptualize and organize their basic units of work. People worked in an average of ten different working spheres. Working spheres are also fragmented; people spend about 12 minutes in a working sphere before they switch to another. We argue that design of information technology needs to support people's continual switching between working spheres.",Attention management | Empirical study | Information overload | Interruptions | Time management,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2004-10-01,Conference Paper,"González, Victor M.;Mark, Gloria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67349177131,10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.10.001,Composing qualitative research,"Maritime disaster can cause loss of human life and economy, as well as environment damage. Also the disaster rescue is difficult for the complexity of rescue process. Disaster rescue is emergent and urgent most of the time; therefore, quick response is rather important. The existing knowledge always supplies some strategies and generates a rescue plan by human expertise manual decision-making. The rescue plan obtained manually may be not a good one due to the lack of time available for human decision-makers to make decisions. To overcome limited time pressure, while retaining minimum rescue project duration, a rescue plan for the maritime disaster rescue is obtained with the application of heuristic resource-constrained project scheduling approach in this paper. Meanwhile a heuristic algorithm is proposed to generate the minimum project duration and the activities start times. To study its performance, 20 maritime rescue examples (21-50 activities) were tested. By comparing with those generated by the manual decision-making method, the results generated by heuristic algorithm indicate high efficiency. It also identifies the critical chain of the rescue project, which can help decision-makers control the rescue process efficiently. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.",Disaster rescue | Heuristics | Resource-constrained project | Scheduling,International Journal of Project Management,2009-08-01,Article,"Yan, Liang;Jinsong, Bao;Xiaofeng, Hu;Ye, Jin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33644595351,10.1287/orsc.1050.0157,Life in the trading zone: Structuring coordination across boundaries in postbureaucratic organizations,"In our study of an interactive marketing organization, we examine how members of different communities perform boundary-spanning coordination work in conditions of high speed, uncertainty, and rapid change. We find that members engage in a number of cross-boundary coordination practices that make their work visible and legible to each other, and that enable ongoing revision and alignment. Drawing on the notion of a ""trading zone,"" we suggest that by engaging in these practices, members enact a coordination structure that affords cross-boundary coordination while facilitating adaptability, speed, and learning. We also find that these coordination practices do not eliminate jurisdictional conflicts, and often generate problematic consequences such as the privileging of speed over quality, suppression of difference, loss of comprehension, misinterpretation and ambiguity, rework, and temporal pressure. After discussing our empirical findings, we explore their implications for organizations attempting to operate in the uncertain and rapidly changing contexts of postbureaucratic work. © 2006 INFORMS.",Cross-boundary coordination | Information technology | Knowledge | New organizational forms | Trading zone | Work practices,Organization Science,2006-01-01,Review,"Kellogg, Katherine C.;Orlikowski, Wanda J.;Yates, Jo Anne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242636029,10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00113-1,A process study of entrepreneurial team formation: the case of a research-based spin-off,"This paper describes how a team of entrepreneurs is formed in a high-tech start-up, how the team copes with crisis situations during the start-up phase, and how both the team as a whole and the team members individually learn from these crises. The progress of a high-tech university spin-off has been followed up from the idea phase until the post-start-up phase. Adopting a prospective, qualitative approach, the basic argument of this paper is that shocks in the founding team and the position of its champion co-evolve with shocks in the development of the business. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Champion | Entrepreneurial team formation | Research-based spin-off,Journal of Business Venturing,2004-01-01,Article,"Clarysse, Bart;Moray, Nathalie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67649411613,10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.010,Work and family--allies or enemies?: what happens when business professionals confront life choices,"The traditional emphasis when measuring performance in animal cognition has been overwhelmingly on accuracy, independent of decision time. However, more recently, it has become clear that tradeoffs exist between decision speed and accuracy in many ecologically relevant tasks, for example, prey and predator detection and identification; pollinators choosing between flower species; and spatial exploration strategies. Obtaining high-quality information often increases sampling time, especially under noisy conditions. Here we discuss the mechanisms generating such speed-accuracy tradeoffs, their implications for animal decision making (including signalling, communication and mate choice) and the significance of differences in decision strategies among species, populations and individuals. The ecological relevance of such tradeoffs can be better understood by considering the neuronal mechanisms underlying decision-making processes. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2009-07-01,Review,"Chittka, Lars;Skorupski, Peter;Raine, Nigel E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902227473,10.1016/B978-1-55860-808-5.X5000-X,"HCI models, theories, and frameworks: Toward a multidisciplinary science","Finally thorough pedagogical survey of the multidisciplinary science of HCI.Human-Computer Interaction spans many disciplines, from the social and behavioral sciences to information and computer technology. But of all the textbooks on HCI technology and applications, none has adequately addressed HCI's multidisciplinary foundations until now. HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks fills a huge void in the education and training of advanced HCI students. Its authors comprise a veritable house of diamonds internationally known HCI researchers, every one of whom has successfully applied a unique scientific method to solve practical problems. Each chapter focuses on a different scientific analysis or approach, but all in an identical format, especially designed to facilitate comparison of the various models.HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks answers the question raised by the other HCI textbooks: How can HCI theory can support practice in HCI?* Traces HCI research from its origins* Surveys 14 different successful research approaches in HCI* Presents each approach in a common format to facilitate comparisons* Web-enhanced with teaching tools at http://www.HCImodels.com. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",,"HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science",2003-01-01,Book,"Carroll, John M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861291441,10.1007/s00170-008-1700-5,No task left behind?: examining the nature of fragmented work,"We present data from detailed observation of 24 information workers that shows that they experience work fragmentation as common practice. We consider that work fragmentation has two components: length of time spent in an activity, and frequency of interruptions. We examined work fragmentation along three dimensions: effect of collocation, type of interruption, and resumption of work. We found work to be highly fragmented: people average little time in working spheres before switching and 57% of their working spheres are interrupted. Collocated people work longer before switching but have more interruptions. Most internal interruptions are due to personal work whereas most external interruptions are due to central work. Though most interrupted work is resumed on the same day, more than two intervening activities occur before it is. We discuss implications for technology design: how our results can be used to support people to maintain continuity within a larger framework of their working spheres. Copyright 2005 ACM.",Attention management | Empirical study | Information overload | Interruptions | Multi-tasking,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Mark, Gloria;Gonzalez, Victor M.;Harris, Justin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444538586,10.1177/0149206305279113,The dimensions and antecedents of team virtuality,"Team virtuality is an important factor that is gaining prominence in the literature on teams. Departing from previous research that focused on geographic dispersion, the authors define team virtuality as the extent to which team members use virtual tools to coordinate and execute team processes, the amount of informational value provided by such tools, and the synchronicity of team member virtual interaction. The authors identify the key factors that lead groups to higher levels of team virtuality and the implications of their model for management theory and practice. © 2005 Southern Management Association. All rights reserved.",Teams | Technology | Virtual | Virtuality,Journal of Management,2005-10-01,Article,"Kirkman, Bradley L.;Mathieu, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1842730408,10.1177/0969776404041417,"Learning in projects, remembering in networks? Communality, sociality, and connectivity in project ecologies","This paper seeks to contrast two opposing logics of project-based learning. Accumulation and modularization of knowledge denote the key imperatives of a learning logic that is exemplified by the software ecology in Munich. Learning is geared towards moving from 'one-off' to repeatable solutions. This cumulative logic is juxtaposed with a discontinuous learning regime that is driven by the maxims of originality and creativity. 'Learning by switching' here signifies the emblematic knowledge practice that is exemplified by the London advertising ecology. The paper explores these learning modes by subsequently exploring processes of learning and forgetting within and between the core team, the firm, and the epistemic community tied together for the completion of a specific project. In addition, the paper also directs attention to more diffuse learning processes in an awareness space that extends beyond and beneath the actual production ties. Instead of mapping the awareness space along a simplistic scalar nesting of network density and knowledge types (reduced to the notorious global vs local dichotomy), the paper proposes a differentiation that primarily involves different social and communicative logics. Whereas communality signifies lasting and intense ties, sociality signifies intense and yet ephemeral relations and connectivity indicates transient and weak networks. © 2004 SAGE Publications.",Advertising | Learning | Networks | Project ecologies | Software,European Urban and Regional Studies,2004-04-01,Article,"Grabher, Gernot",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036625108,10.2307/3094806,Capability traps and self-confirming attribution errors in the dynamics of process improvement,"To better understand the factors that support or inhibit internally focused change, we conducted an inductive study of one firm's attempt to improve two of its core business processes. Our data suggest that the critical determinants of success in efforts to learn and improve are the interactions between managers' attributions about the cause of poor organizational performance and the physical structure of the workplace, particularly delays between investing in improvement and recognizing the rewards. Building on this observation, we propose a dynamic model capturing the mutual evolution of those attributions, managers' and workers' actions, and the production technology. We use the model to show how managers' beliefs about those who work for them, workers' beliefs about those who manage them, and the physical structure of the environment can coevolve to yield an organization characterized by conflict, mistrust, and control structures that prevent useful change of any type.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2002-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.;Sterman, John D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947322194,10.1109/TSE.2006.116,"An exploratory study of how developers seek, relate, and collect relevant information during software maintenance tasks","Much of software developers' time is spent understanding unfamiliar code. To better understand how developers gain this understanding and how software development environments might be involved, a study was performed in which developers were given an unfamiliar program and asked to work on two debugging tasks and three enhancement tasks for 70 minutes. The study found that developers interleaved three activities. They began by searching for relevant code both manually and using search tools; however, they based their searches on limited and misrepresentative cues in the code, environment, and executing program, often leading to failed searches. When developers found relevant code, they followed its incoming and outgoing dependencies, often returning to it and navigating its other dependencies; while doing so, however, Eclipse's navigational tools caused significant overhead. Developers collected code and other information that they believed would be necessary to edit, duplicate, or otherwise refer to later by encoding it in the interactive state of Eclipse's package explorer, file tabs, and scroll bars. However, developers lost track of relevant code as these interfaces were used for other tasks, and developers were forced to find it again. These issues caused developers to spend, on average, 35 percent of their time performing the mechanics of navigation within and between source files. These observations suggest a new model of program understanding grounded in theories of information foraging and suggest ideas for tools that help developers seek, relate, and collect information in a more effective and explicit manner. © 2006 IEEE.",Empirical software engineering | Information foraging | Information scent | Program comprehension | Program investigation | Program understanding,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2006-12-01,Article,"Ko, Andrew J.;Myers, Brad A.;Coblenz, Michael J.;Aung, Htet Htet",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548742277,10.1109/ICSE.2007.45,Information needs in collocated software development teams,"Previous research has documented the fragmented nature of software development work. To explain this in more detail, we analyzed software developers'day-to-day inform a tion n eeds. We observed seven teen developers a t a large software company and transcribed their activities in po-minute sessions. We analyzed these logs for the information that developers sought, the sources that they used, and the situations that prevented information from being acquired. We identified twenty-one information types and cataloged the outcome and source when each type of information was sought The most frequently sought information included awareness about artifacts and coworkers. The most often deferred searches included knowledge about design and program behavior, such as why code was written a particular way, what a program was supposed to do, and the cause of a program state. Developers often had to defer tasks because the only source of knowledge was unavailable coworkers. ©2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2007-09-25,Conference Paper,"Ko, Andrew J.;DeLine, Robert;Venolia, Gina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038711737,10.5465/AMR.2003.10196791,Work interrupted: A closer look at the role of interruptions in organizational life,"We discuss four key types of work interruptions-intrusions, breaks, distractions, and discrepancies-having different causes and consequences, and we delineate the principle features of each and specify when each kind of interruption is likely to have positive or negative consequences for the person being interrupted. By discussing in detail the multiple kinds of interruptions and their potential for positive or negative consequences, we provide a means for organizational scholars to treat interruptions and their consequences in more discriminating ways.",,Academy of Management Review,2003-01-01,Review,"Jett, Quintus R.;George, Jennifer M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642573293,10.1111/j.1540-5414.2003.02292.x,"The effects of interruptions, task complexity, and information presentation on computer‐supported decision‐making performance","Interruptions are a frequent occurrence in the work life of most decision makers. This paper investigated the influence of interruptions on different types of decision-making tasks and the ability of information presentation formats, an aspect of information systems design, to alleviate them. Results from the experimental study indicate that interruptions facilitate performance on simple tasks, while inhibiting performance on more complex tasks. Interruptions also influenced the relationship between information presentation format and the type of task performed: spatial presentation formats were able to mitigate tghe effects of interruptions while symbolic formats were not. The paper presents a broad conceptualization of interruptions and interprets the ramifications of the experimental findings within this conceptualization to develop a program for future research.",Decision Making | Information Presentation Formats | Interruptions,Decision Sciences,2003-09-01,Article,"Speier, Cheri;Vessey, Iris;Valacich, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868256714,10.1126/science.1222426,Some consequences of having too little,"Poor individuals often engage in behaviors, such as excessive borrowing, that reinforce the conditions of poverty. Some explanations for these behaviors focus on personality traits of the poor. Others emphasize environmental factors such as housing or financial access. We instead consider how certain behaviors stem simply from having less. We suggest that scarcity changes how people allocate attention: It leads them to engage more deeply in some problems while neglecting others. Across several experiments, we show that scarcity leads to attentional shifts that can help to explain behaviors such as overborrowing. We discuss how this mechanism might also explain other puzzles of poverty.",,Science,2012-11-02,Article,"Shah, Anuj K.;Mullainathan, Sendhil;Shafir, Eldar",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27744459284,10.1177/1468794105056923,Studying actions in context: a qualitative shadowing method for organizational research,"Shadowing is a qualitative research technique that has seldom been used and rarely been discussed critically in the social science literature. This article has pulled together all of the studies using shadowing as a research method and through reviewing these studies has developed a threefold classification of different modes of shadowing. This work provides a basis for a qualitative shadowing method to be defined, and its potential for a distinctive contribution to organizational research to be discussed, for the first time. Copyright © 2005 SAGE Publications.",Literature review | Organizational research | Shadowing,Qualitative Research,2005-11-23,Article,"McDonald, Seonaidh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032657608,10.1016/S0737-6782(98)00048-4,Speeding up the pace of new product development,"This study empirically investigates a wide array of factors that have been argued to differentiate fast from slow innovation processes from the perspective of the research and development organization. We test the effects of strategic orientation (criteria- and scope-related variables) and organizational capability (staffing- and structuring-related variables) on the speed of 75 new product development projects from ten large firms in several industries. Backward-elimination regression analysis revealed that (a) clear time-goals, longer tenure among team members, and parallel development increased speed, whereas (b) design for manufacturability, frequent product testing, and computer-aided design systems decreased speed. However, when projects were sorted by magnitude of change, different factors were found to influence the speed of radical and incremental projects. Moreover, some factors that speed up radical innovation (e.g., concept clarity, champion presence, co-location) were found to slow down incremental innovation. Together, the radical and incremental models explain differences in speed better than the general model. This suggests a contingency approach to speeding up innovation. Implications for researchers and managers are discussed.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,1999-01-01,Article,"Kessler, Eric H.;Chakrabarti, Alok K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650677144,10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2018636,Predicting human interruptibility with sensors,"The goal of raising customer loyalty in electronic commerce requires an emphasis on one-to-one marketing and personalized services. To this end, it is essential to understand individual customer preferences for products. In this paper, we present a method for identifying customer preferences and recommending the most appropriate product. The identification and recommendation of such products are all based on the use of customer's real-time web usage behavior, including activities such as viewing, basket placement, and purchasing of products. Therefore, in this approach, we do not force a customer to explicitly express his or her preference information for particular products but rather capture his or her preferences from data that result from such activities. Information on the web usage behavior for the products determines the ordinal relationships among the products, which express that certain product is preferred to other products across the multiple aspects. The ordinal relationships among the products and the multiple aspects of products lead to the consideration of a multiple-criteria decision-making approach. Thus, the problem eventually results in the identification of weights attached to the multiple criteria in the multidimensional preference space constructed by the ordinal relationships among the products. The derived weights are then used for the prioritization of products that are not included in the navigation behavior due to factors such as time pressure, cognitive burden, and the like. © 2009 IEEE.",Electronic commerce | Fuzzy linguistic quantifier | Implicit feedback | Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) | Personalized recommendations,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans",2009-05-18,Article,"Choi, Duke Hyun;Ahn, Byeog Seok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1342285662,10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00009,Three responses to the methodological challenges of studying strategizing,"Empirical studies of strategizing face contradictory pressures. Ethnographic approaches arc attractive, and typically expected since we need to collect data on strategists and their practices within context. We argue, however, that today's large, multinational, and highly diversified organizational settings require complimentary methods providing more breadth and flexibility. This paper discusses three particularly promising approaches (interactive discussion groups, self-reports, and practitioner-led research) that fit the increasingly disparate research paradigms now being used to understand strategizing and other management issues. Each of these approaches is based on the idea that strategizing research cannot advance significantly without reconceptualizing frequently taken-for-granted assumptions about the way to do research and the way we engage with organizational participants. The paper focuses in particular on the importance of working with organizational members as research partners rather than passive informants. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003.",,Journal of Management Studies,2003-01-01,Article,"Balogun, Julia;Huff, Anne Sigismund;Johnson, Phyl",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646548956,10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00502.x,Operational failures and interruptions in hospital nursing,"Objective. To describe the work environment of hospital nurses with particular focus on the performance of work systems supplying information, materials, and equipment for patient care. Data Sources. Primary observation, semistructured interviews, and surveys of hospital nurses. Study Design. We sampled a cross-sectional group of six U.S. hospitals to examine the frequency of work system failures and their impact on nurse productivity. Data Collection. We collected minute-by-minute data on the activities of 11 nurses. In addition, we conducted interviews with six of these nurses using questions related to obstacles to care. Finally, we created and administered two surveys in 48 nursing units, one for nurses and one for managers, asking about the frequency of specific work system failures. Principal Findings. Nurses we observed experienced an average of 8.4 work system failures per 8-hour shift. The five most frequent types of failures, accounting for 6.4 of these obstacles, involved medications, orders, supplies, staffing, and equipment. Survey questions asking nurses how frequently they experienced these five categories of obstacles yielded similar frequencies. For an average 8-hour shift, the average task time was only 3.1 minutes, and in spite of this, nurses were interrupted mid-task an average of eight times per shift. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that nurse effectiveness can be increased by creating improvement processes triggered by the occurrence of work system failures, with the goal of reducing future occurrences. Second, given that nursing work is fragmented and unpredictable, designing processes that are robust to interruption can help prevent errors. © Health Research and Educational Trust.",Medical errors | Nursing work environment | Work systems,Health Services Research,2006-06-01,Article,"Tucker, Anita L.;Spear, Steven J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-65249129116,10.1080/15265160902832153,A review of the time management literature,,,American Journal of Bioethics,2009-01-01,Article,"Cochrane, Thomas I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041702219,10.1287/mnsc.49.4.514.14423,Interruptive events and team knowledge acquisition,"Interruptions have commonly been viewed as negative and as something for managers to control or limit. In this paper, I explore the relationship between interruptions and acquisition of routines - a form of knowledge - by teams. Recent research suggests that interruptions may play an important role in changing organizational routines, and as such may influence knowledge transfer activities. Results suggest that interruptions influence knowledge transfer effort, and both knowledge transfer effort and interruptions are positively related to the acquisition of new work routines. I conclude with implications for research and practice.",Interruptions | Knowledge acquisition | Knowledge management | Routines | Team,Management Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Zellmer-Bruhn, Mary E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035445043,10.1016/S0737-6782(01)00099-6,Understanding fire fighting in new product development,"Despite documented benefits, the processes described in the new product development literature often prove difficult to follow in practice. A principal source of such difficulties is the phenomenon of fire fighting-the unplanned allocation of resources to fix problems discovered late in a product's development cycle. While it has been widely criticized, fire fighting is a common occurrence in many product development organizations. To understand both its existence and persistence, in this article I develop a formal model of fire fighting in a multiproject development environment. The major contributions of this analysis are to suggest that: (1) fire fighting can be a self-reinforcing phenomenon; and (2) multiproject development systems are far more susceptible to this dynamic than is currently appreciated. These insights suggest that many of the current methods for aggregate resource and product portfolio planning, while necessary, are not sufficient to prevent fire fighting and the consequent low perfor mance. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2001-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957040454,10.1287/orsc.1090.0497,When callings are calling: Crafting work and leisure in pursuit of unanswered occupational callings,"Scholars have identified benefits of viewing work as a calling, but little research has explored the notion that people are frequently unable to work in occupations that answer their callings. To develop propositions on how individuals experience and pursue unanswered callings, we conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with 31 employees across a variety of occupations. We distinguish between two types of unanswered callings-missed callings and additional callings-and propose that individuals pursue these unanswered callings by employing five different techniques to craft their jobs (task emphasizing, job expanding, and role reframing) and their leisure time (vicarious experiencing and hobby participating). We also propose that individuals experience these techniques as facilitating the kinds of pleasant psychological states of enjoyment and meaning that they associate with pursuing their unanswered callings, but also as leading to unpleasant states of regret over forgone fulfillment of their unanswered callings and stress due to difficulties in pursuing their unanswered callings. These propositions have important implications for theory and future research on callings, job crafting, and self-regulation processes. © 2010 INFORMS.",Calling | Job crafting | Psychological well-being | Regulatory focus | Self-regulation | Work orientation,Organization Science,2010-09-01,Article,"Berg, Justin M.;Grant, Adam M.;Johnson, Victoria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-60049085547,10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00774.x,"Collaboration: How leaders avoid the traps, build common ground, and reap big results","This study addresses how verbal self-monitoring and the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) are affected by time pressure when a task is performed in a second language as opposed to performance in the native language. German-Dutch bilinguals were required to perform a phoneme-monitoring task in Dutch with and without a time pressure manipulation. We obtained an ERN following verbal errors that showed an atypical increase in amplitude under time pressure. This finding is taken to suggest that under time pressure participants had more interference from their native language, which in turn led to a greater response conflict and thus enhancement of the amplitude of the ERN. This result demonstrates once more that the ERN is sensitive to psycholinguistic manipulations and suggests that the functioning of the verbal self-monitoring system during speaking is comparable to other performance monitoring, such as action monitoring. Copyright © 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research.",Bilingualism | ERN | Phoneme monitoring | Speech production | Time pressure | Verbal self-monitoring,Psychophysiology,2009-01-01,Article,"Ganushchak, Lesya Y.;Schiller, Niels O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746728213,10.1287/orsc.1060.0193,Enhancing creativity through “mindless” work: A framework of workday design,"We propose that organizations use a new framework of workday design to enhance the creativity of today's chronically overworked professionals. Although insights from creativity research have been integrated into models of work design to increase the stimulants of creativity (e.g., intrinsic motivation), this has not led to work design models that have effectively reduced the obstacles to creativity (e.g., workload pressures). As a consequence, creative output among professionals in high-workload contexts remains disappointing. In response, we offer a framework of work design that focuses on the design of entire workdays rather than the typical focus on designing either specific tasks or very broad job descriptions (e.g., as the job characteristics model in Hackman et al. 1975). Furthermore, we introduce the concept of ""mindless"" work (i.e., work that is low in both cognitive difficulty and performance pressures) as an integral part of this framework. We suggest that to enhance creativity among chronically overworked professionals, workdays should be designed to alternate between bouts of cognitively challenging and high-pressure work (as suggested in the original model by Hackman et al. 1975), and bouts of mindless work (as defined in this paper). We discuss the implications of our framework for theories of work design and creativity. © 2006 INFORMS.",Creativity | Job design | Job stress,Organization Science,2006-08-09,Review,"Elsbach, Kimberly D.;Hargadon, Andrew B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744828295,10.1093/jeg/lbi014,Bad company? The ambiguity of personal knowledge networks,"Recent debates on learning have shifted the analytical focus from formal organizational arrangements to informal personal ties. Personal knowledge networks, though, mostly are perceived as homogenous, cohesive, and local personal ties. Moreover, a functionalist tone seems to prevail in accounts in which personal knowledge networks are seen to compensate the shortcomings of the formal organization. This paper sets out to expand the dominant construal of networks, which is largely molded by the notion of embeddedness. Against the background of in-depth empirical analysis of the project ecologies of the Hamburg advertising and the Munich software business, the paper will first venture into the neglected sphere of thin, ephemeral, and global personal knowledge networks by differentiating between connectivity, sociality, and communality networks. Second, the paper not only elucidates the supportive functions of these ties but also explores the tensions between personal interests, project goals, and the firm's aims that are induced by these personal knowledge networks. © 2006 Oxford University Press.",Advertising | Communities of practice | Knowledge transfer | Networks | Project ecologies | Software,Journal of Economic Geography,2006-06-01,Article,"Grabher, Gernot;Ibert, Oliver",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18044394777,10.1016/S0361-3682(00)00019-2,Tests of time: organizational time-reckoning and the making of accountants in two multi-national accounting firms,"There has been remarkably little study of the recruitment, training and socialization of accountants in general, much less the specific case of trainee auditors, despite many calls to do so. In this paper, we seek to explore one key aspect of professional socialization in accounting firms: the discourses and practices of time-reckoning and time-management. By exploring time practices in accounting firms we argue that the organizational socialization of trainees into particular forms of time-consciousness and temporal visioning is a fundamental aspect of securing and developing professional identity. We pay particular attention to how actors consciousness of time is understood to develop, and how it reflects their organizational and professional environment, including how they envision the future and structure their strategic life-plan accordingly. Also of particular importance to the advancement of career in accounting firms is an active engagement with the politics of time: the capacity to manipulate and resist following the overt time-management routines of the firms. Rather than simply see trainees as passive subjects of organizational time-management devices, we noted how they are actively involved in 'managing' the organizational recording of time to further their career progression. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",,"Accounting, Organizations and Society",2001-03-01,Article,"Anderson-Gough, Fiona;Grey, Christopher;Robson, Keith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036810779,10.2307/3069323,The speed trap: Exploring the relationship between decision making and temporal context,"Despite a growing sense that speed is critical to organizational success, how an emphasis on speed affects organizational processes remains unclear. We explored the connection between speed and decision making in a 19-month ethnographic study of an Internet start-up. Distilling our data using causal loop diagrams, we identified a potential pathology for organizations attempting to make fast decisions, the ""speed trap."" A need for fast action, traditionally conceptualized as an exogenous feature of the surrounding context, can also be a product of an organization's own past emphasis on speed. We explore the implications for research on decision making and temporal pacing.",,Academy of Management Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.;Okhuysen, Gerardo A.;Repenning, Nelson P.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539343,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393894,The effect of individual perceptions of deadlines on team performance,"Based on a review of existing literature, we propose that two time-oriented individual differences - time urgency and time perspective - influence team members' perceptions of deadlines. We present propositions describing how time urgency and time perspective affect individuals' deadline perceptions and subsequent deadline-oriented behaviors and how different deadline perceptions and behaviors among team members affect the ability of teams to meet deadlines. We end with implications for existing theory and future research.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Waller, Mary J.;Conte, Jeffrey M.;Gibson, Cristina B.;Carpenter, Mason A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58549113755,10.1016/j.joep.2008.10.003,"Think, play, do: Technology, innovation, and organization","We study behavior in a search experiment where sellers receive randomized bids from a computer. At any time, sellers can accept the highest standing bid or ask for another bid at positive costs. We find that sellers stop searching earlier than theoretically optimal. Inducing a mild form of time pressure strengthens this finding in the early periods. We find no significant differences in search behavior between individuals and groups of two participants. However, there are marked gender differences. Men search significantly shorter than women, and teams of two women search much longer and recall more frequently than groups with at least one man. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Gender differences | Group decision | Search experiment | Time pressure,Journal of Economic Psychology,2009-02-01,Article,"Ibanez, Marcela;Czermak, Simon;Sutter, Matthias",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035242066,10.1177/0730888401028001003,Work-nonwork conflict and the phenomenology of time: Beyond the balance metaphor,"Most research on work-nonwork conflict emphasizes time allocation, evoking the metaphor of ""balancing"" time. Balance imagery is restrictive because it neglects the perceptual experience of time and the subjective meanings people assign to it. We propose an alternative metaphor of time as a ""container of meaning."" Drawing upon role-identity and self-discrepancy theories, we develop a model and propositions relating meanings derived from work and nonwork time to the experience of work-nonwork conflict. We argue that work-nonwork conflict is shaped not only by time's quantitative aspect but also by the extent to which work and nonwork time is identity affirming versus identity discrepant.",,Work and Occupations,2001-01-01,Article,"Thompson, Jeffery A.;Bunderson, J. Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149345963,10.1177/0269215508097855,"X-teams: How to build teams that lead, innovate, and succeed","Purpose: To provide clinical practitioners with a framework for teaching patients Time Pressure Management, a cognitive strategy that aims to reduce disabilities arising from mental slowness due to acquired brain injury. Time Pressure Management provides patients with compensatory strategies to deal with time pressure in daily life. Application of the training in clinical practice is illustrated using two case examples from a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of Time Pressure Management for patients with stroke. Rationale: The Time Pressure Management approach is based on Michon's task analysis, describing levels of decision-making in complex cognitive tasks. Decisions with little or no time pressure are not impaired by mental slowness. Therefore, patients should try to transfer actions from situations with high time pressure to situations where the preserved decision levels with little or no time pressure can work. Theory into practice: Several factors are required to teach patients to use Time Pressure Management. First, sufficient awareness is needed to recognize that there is a deficit and behavioural change is necessary. Sufficient awareness is also required to recognize and anticipate time pressure situations and to realize that the strategy is helpful and might also be useful in new and more difficult circumstances. Second, adequate motivation is needed to learn the strategy. And finally, the training should be adjusted to the patient's individual learning abilities and cognitive skills. © SAGE Publications 2009.",,Clinical Rehabilitation,2009-01-14,Article,"Winkens, Ieke;Van Heugten, Caroline M.;Wade, Derick T.;Fasotti, Luciano",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539338,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393891,When the muse takes it all: A model for the experience of timelessness in organizations,"I propose a model in which I describe the way individuals experience timelessness by becoming engrossed in attractive work activities, the contextual conditions that facilitate or hinder that process, and the effects of timelessness on the creativity of organizational members. Building upon multidisciplinary perspectives, I suggest that timelessness is a constellation of four experiences: a feeling of immersion, a recognition of time distortion, a sense of mastery, and a sense of transcendence.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Mainemelis, Charalampos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042631448,10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00119-1,Sources of ideas for innovation in engineering design,"This paper explores the sources of ideas for innovation in engineering design. It shows that engineering designers involved in complex, non-routine design processes rely heavily on face-to-face conversations with other designers for solving problems and developing new innovative ideas. The research is based on a case study and survey of designers from Arup, a leading international engineering consultancy. We examine the role of different mechanisms for learning about new designs, the motivations of designers, problem-solving and limits to designers' ability to innovate. We explore how the project-based nature of the construction sector shapes the ways in which designers develop new ideas and solve problems. We suggest that among the population of designers in Arup, there are a number of different design strategies for innovating and that these can have important implications for how design is managed. We locate our approach in the research on innovation in project-based firms, outlining patterns of innovation in firms that survive on the basis of their success in winning and managing projects. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Engineering design | Innovation | Project-based firms | Tacit knowledge,Research Policy,2003-01-01,Article,"Salter, Ammon;Gann, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958098667,10.5465/AMR.2011.61031807,Multiple team membership: A theoretical model of its effects on productivity and learning for individuals and teams,"Organizations use multiple team membership to enhance individual and team productivity and learning, but this structure creates competing pressures on attention and information, which make it difficult to increase both productivity and learning. Our model describes how the number and variety of multiple team memberships drive different mechanisms, yielding distinct effects. We show how carefully balancing the number and variety of team memberships can enhance both productivity and learning. © 2011 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2011-07-01,Article,"O'Leary, Michael;Mortensen, Mark;Woolley, Anita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-29244445934,,Eliciting design requirements for maintenance-oriented IDEs: a detailed study of corrective and perfective maintenance tasks,"Recently, several innovative tools have found their way into mainstream use in modem development environments. However, most of these tools have focused on creating and modifying code, despite evidence that most of programmers' time is spent understanding code as part of maintenance tasks. If new tools were designed to directly support these maintenance tasks, what types would be most helpful? To find out, a study of expert Java programmers using Eclipse was performed. The study suggests that maintenance work consists of three activities: (1) forming a working set of task-relevant code fragments; (2) navigating the dependencies within this working set; and (3) repairing or creating the necessary code. The study identified several trends in these activities, as well as many opportunities for new tools that could save programmers up to 35% of the time they currently spend on maintenance tasks. Copyright 2005 ACM.",Design | Human Factors,"Proceedings - 27th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE05",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Ko, Andrew J.;Aung, Htet Htet;Myers, Brad A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-9144248711,10.1080/09613210412331313025,Collaborative knowledge work environments,"How can the physical design of the workplace enhance collaborations without compromising an individual's productivity? The body of research on the links between physical space and collaboration in knowledge work settings is reviewed. Collaboration is viewed as a system of behaviours that includes both social and solitary work. The social aspects of collaboration are discussed in terms of three dimensions: awareness, brief interaction and collaboration (working together). Current knowledge on the links between space and the social as well as individual aspects of collaborative work is reviewed. The central conflict of collaboration is considered: how to design effectively to provide a balance between the need to interact and the need to work effectively by oneself. The body of literature shows that features and attributes of space can be manipulated to increase awareness, interaction and collaboration. However, doing so frequently has negative impacts on individual work as a result of increases in noise distractions and interruptions to on-going work. The effects are most harmful for individual tasks requiring complex and focused mental work. The negative effects are compounded by a workplace that increasingly suffers from cognitive overload brought on by time stress, increased workload and multitasking.",Cognitive overload | Collaboration | Evidence-based design | Individual effectiveness | Interaction | Knowledge work | Office awareness | Workplace awareness | Workplace design,Building Research and Information,2004-11-01,Review,"Heerwagen, Judith H.;Kampschroer, Kevin;Powell, Kevin M.;Loftness, Vivian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242677640,10.1080/00223980309600625,Procrastination at work and time management training,"The author examined the impact of time management training on self-reported procrastination. In an intervention study, 37 employees attended a 1 1/2-day time management training seminar. A control group of employees (n = 14) who were awaiting training also participated in the study to control for expectancy effects. One month after undergoing time management training, trainees reported a significant decrease in avoidance behavior and worry and an increase in their ability to manage time. The results suggest that time management training is helpful in lessening worry and procrastination at work. © 2003 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Personnel training | Procrastination | Time management | Worry,Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied,2003-01-01,Article,"Van Eerde, Wendelien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21644456183,10.1080/02642060802120166,Controlling interruptions: awareness displays and social motivation for coordination,"Spontaneous communication is common in the workplace but can be disruptive. Such communication usually benefits the initiator more than the target of an interruption. Previous research has indicated that awareness displays showing the workload of a target can reduce the harm interruptions inflict, but can increase the cognitive load on interrupters. This paper describes an experiment testing whether team membership influences interrupters' motivation to use awareness displays and whether the informational-intensity of a display influences its utility and cost. Results indicate interrupters use awareness displays to time communication only when they and their partners are rewarded as a team and that this timing improves the target's performance on a continuous attention task. Eye-tracking data shows that monitoring an information-rich display imposes a substantial attentional cost on the interrupters, and that an abstract display provides similar benefit with less distraction. Copyright 2004 ACM.",Attention | Awareness | Coordination | Gaze Tracking | Interruption | Social Identity,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dabbish, Laura;Kraut, Robert E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867658807,10.1177/0956797612438731,"Awe expands people's perception of time, alters decision making, and enhances well-being","When do people feel as if they are rich in time? Not often, research and daily experience suggest. However, three experiments showed that participants who felt awe, relative to other emotions, felt they had more time available (Experiments 1 and 3) and were less impatient (Experiment 2). Participants who experienced awe also were more willing to volunteer their time to help other people (Experiment 2), more strongly preferred experiences over material products (Experiment 3), and experienced greater life satisfaction (Experiment 3). Mediation analyses revealed that these changes in decision making and well-being were due to awe's ability to alter the subjective experience of time. Experiences of awe bring people into the present moment, and being in the present moment underlies awe's capacity to adjust time perception, influence decisions, and make life feel more satisfying than it would otherwise. © The Author(s) 2012.",decision making | emotions | preferences | time perception | well-being,Psychological Science,2012-01-01,Article,"Rudd, Melanie;Vohs, Kathleen D.;Aaker, Jennifer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037794271,10.1177/1350508403010002009,The elevation of work: Pastoral power and the new age work ethic,"This paper seeks to establish the contours of the popular workplace spirituality discourse through analysis of academic and practitioner texts and accounts of organizational practice. We identify several themes, drawing attention to potential contradictions in the notions of meaning, measurement and community, which the discourse seeks to promote. In seeking to understand the means whereby it is embodied as a source of administrative power we draw on a range of historical and contemporary organizational examples, illustrating how pastoral power is reinforced through the construction of disciplinary technologies. We argue that the workplace spirituality discourse shares Weber's acceptance of the structural conditions of capitalism and seeks to resolve the dilemmas this creates for the individual through developing an inner sense of meaning and virtue. In this respect, it represents a revival of the Protestant ethic in a way that involves re-visioning the ambivalent relationship between self and organization. We conclude that the 'Social ethic' has given way to a New Age work ethic, which relies on the management of individual metaphysics as a source of organizational, as well as personal, transformation.",Culture | New Age management | Pastoral power | Protestant ethic | Workplace spirituality,Organization,2003-05-01,Review,"Bell, Emma;Taylor, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-42949170620,10.1080/14427591.2008.9686602,A proposed model of lifestyle balance,"The concept of lifestyle balance seems to have widespread acceptance in the popular press. The notion that certain lifestyle configurations might lend to better health, higher levels of life satisfaction and general well-being is readily endorsed. However, the concept has not been given significant attention in the social and behavioral sciences literature and, as a result, lacks empirical support, and an agreed upon definition. This article presents a proposed model of lifestyle balance based on a synthesis of related research, asserting that balance is a perceived congruence between desired and actual patterns of occupation across five proposed need-based occupational dimensions seen as necessary for wellbeing. It is asserted that the extent to which people find congruence and sustainability in these patterns of occupation that meet biological and psychological needs within their unique environments can lead to reduced stress, improved health, and greater life satisfaction. © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.",Activity patterns | Life activities | Need-based activity dimensions | Quality of life | Resilience | Time use | Work/life balance,Journal of Occupational Science,2008-01-01,Article,"Matuska, Kathleen M.;Christiansen, Charles H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645157294,10.2189/asqu.50.4.610,Flow in knowledge work: High performance experience in the design of national security technology,"Knowledge work, which consists of goal-oriented activities that require high levels of competency to complete, comprises a large and increasing amount of work in modern organizations. Because knowledge work seldom has single correct results or methods for completion, externally specified, quantified measures of performance may not always be the most appropriate means for managing the performance of knowledge workers. Two competing models of flow, a type of subjective performance, are proposed and tested in a sample of work experiences from engineers, scientists, managers, and technicians who study and design national defense technologies at Sandia National Laboratories. Results support the definition and model that conceives of flow as the experience of merging situation awareness with the automatic application of activity-relevant knowledge and skills. Ways in which this definition and model of flow can be incorporated into theories of knowledge, performance, and social networks are explored. © 2005 by Johnson Graduate School, Cornell University.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2005-01-01,Article,"Quinn, Ryan W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85218006767,10.1002/9780470172391.ch7,Strategic business management through multiple projects,,,The Wiley Guide to Managing Projects,2007-01-01,Book Chapter,"Artto, Karlos A.;Dietrich, Perttu H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3242719556,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.12.016,Presence versus availability: the design and evaluation of a context-aware communication client,"Although electronic communication plays an important role in the modern workplace, the interruptions created by poorly-timed attempts to communicate are disruptive. Prior work suggests that sharing an indication that a person is currently busy might help to prevent such interruptions, because people could wait for a person to become available before attempting to initiate communication. We present a context-aware communication client that uses the built-in microphones of laptop computers to sense nearby speech. Combining this speech detection sensor data with location, computer, and calendar information, our system models availability for communication, a concept that is distinct from the notion of presence found in widely-used systems. In a 4 week study of the system with 26 people, we examined the use of this additional context. To our knowledge, this is the first-field study to quantitatively examine how people use automatically sensed context and availability information to make decisions about when and how to communicate with colleagues. Participants appear to have used the provided context to as an indication of presence, rather than considering availability. Our results raise the interesting question of whether sharing an indication that a person is currently unavailable will actually reduce inappropriate interruptions. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2004-09-01,Article,"Fogarty, James;Lai, Jennifer;Christensen, Jim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4544315789,10.1145/985692.985719,Examining the robustness of sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility,"Current systems often create socially awkward interruptions or unduly demand attention because they have no way of knowing if a person is busy and should not be interrupted. Previous work has examined the feasibility of using sensors and statistical models to estimate human interruptibility in an office environment, but left open some questions about the robustness of such an approach. This paper examines several dimensions of robustness in sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility. We show that real sensors can be constructed with sufficient accuracy to drive the predictive models. We also create statistical models for a much broader group of people than was studied in prior work. Finally, we examine the effects of training data quantity on the accuracy of these models and consider tradeoffs associated with different combinations of sensors. As a whole, our analyses demonstrate that sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility can provide robust estimates for a variety of office workers in a range of circumstances, and can do so with accuracy as good as or better than people. Integrating these models into systems could support a variety of advances in human computer interaction and computer-mediated communication.",Context-aware computing | Machine learning | Managing human attention | Sensor-based interfaces | Situationally appropriate interaction,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fogarty, James;Hudson, Scott E.;Lai, Jennifer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049368469,10.1177/154193120805201905,Kiire ja työn muutos: tapaustutkimus kotipalvelutyöstä,"Objective: An experiment tested a technique for encouraging appropriate human-automation interaction. Background: Operators often fail to make optimal use of automated aids, particularly when the aids are highly reliable. One way to discourage automation disuse might be to encourage automation dependence through time pressure. Methods: Fifty-two participants performed a simulated security screening task, searching for knives hidden in cluttered baggage x-rays. Participants were assisted by a diagnostic aid that was either 95%, 80% or 65% reliable, and were given instructions that asked them to make speeded or unspeeded decisions. Results: Participants showed higher levels of automation dependence under time pressure. This benefited overall performance in the 95% reliable condition. Conclusion: Time pressure encouraged heuristic dependence on automation aids, and benefited overall human-automation performance when the automation was highly reliable. Application: Data suggest a method for mitigating automation disuse.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Rice, Stephen;Hughes, Jamie;McCarley, Jason S.;Keller, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744797432,10.1287/mnsc.1060.0530,"Knowledge gathering, team capabilities, and project performance in challenging work environments","Knowledge gathering can create problems as well as benefits for project teams in work environments characterized by overload, ambiguity, and politics. This paper proposes that the value of knowledge gathering in such environments is greater under conditions that enhance team processing, sensemaking, and buffering capabilities. The hypotheses were tested using independent quality ratings of 96 projects and survey data from 485 project-team members collected during a multimethod field study. The findings reveal that three capability-enhancing conditions moderated the relationship between knowledge gathering and project quality: slack time, organizational experience, and decision-making autonomy. More knowledge gathering helped teams to perform more effectively under favorable conditions but hurt performance under conditions that limited their capabilities to utilize that knowledge successfully. Implications for theory and research on knowledge and learning in organizations, team effectiveness, and organizational design are discussed. © 2006 INFORMS.",Capabilities | Knowledge management | Project teams | Quality | Work environment,Management Science,2006-09-11,Article,"Haas, Martine R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035539344,10.5465/AMR.2001.5393892,When plans change: Examining how people evaluate timing changes in work organizations,"We examine the dynamics of temporal responsiveness - the ability of organizational actors to adapt the timing of their activities to unanticipated events. We review a broad body of psychological, economic, sociological, anthropological, and organizational research to introduce a reference point model of how people perceive and evaluate time in organizations. We then analyze how actors evaluate timing changes (changes from existing organizational schedules, routines, expectations, and plans).",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Review,"Blount, Sally;Janicik, Gregory A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049383558,,25 CRACKBERRIES: The Social Implications of Ubiquitous Wireless E-Mail Devices,"Useful task managers that can effectively monitor, prioritize, and distribute tasks to our warfighters are being sought. A critical need for the creation of task managers is an understanding of the conditions that lead to successful multi-tasking. The present study is an initial empirical step at increasing this understanding within the environment of a Command and Control (C2) Dynamic Targeting Cell (DTC). We examined operator performance and workload for participants deploying assets to attack enemy targets and their ability to concurrently monitor auditory or visual communications in three conditions of time-pressure (low, medium, and high). Results showed a significant impact in high time-pressure conditions, especially when operators had to process multiple sources of information from the same modality. These findings are a critical step as to understanding multi-tasking performance in C2 environments in general and with regard to communication and spatial monitoring tasks in particular.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Grier, Rebecca A.;Parasuraman, Raja;Entin, Elliot E.;Bailey, Nathan;Stelzer, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71249158804,10.1109/ISSE.2008.5276648,The dark side of transformational leadership: A critical perspective,"Companies which are offering Electronic Manufacturing Services are continuously balancing among fast product introduction of customer products, high quality production and profitable operation. Our paper describes link among producability of PCB boards, process control, test system & equipments reliability and profitabile manufacturing Process control is key in PCB assembly for high quality and profitable operation, however the time pressure limits the development of product test system which is the core of control of board assembly. In order to achieve good control appropriate methods and equipments are essential assets. To be ahead of competition method and process were developed which can be used in production environment for tester system acceptance and regular check of condition of tester system. Beside of a product test coverage the production test system reliability and long term reliability is calculated with the help of statistical methods. The acceptance method can be used both for own product test system development and also for consigned equipments. ©2008 IEEE.",,"2008 31st International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Reliability and Life-time Prediction, ISSE 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jankó, Árpád;Lugosi, László",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-22544441587,10.1016/j.infoandorg.2005.02.004,Delays and interruptions: A self-perpetuating paradox of communication technology use,"In contemporary knowledge work organizations, work is often accomplished through communication. Consequently, communication disruptions often translate into work disruptions. In this paper, we identify two types of communication disruptions with implications for the relative organization of work: delays and interruptions. Communication delays contribute to work disorganization when a worker is unable to move forward with a task due to insufficient information, while interruptions derail the flow of activities directed toward the accomplishment of a task. Communication technologies are often designed with the intention of improving work organization by reducing communication delays (first-order effect), but the use of these technologies may, in practice, inadvertently contribute to an increase in work interruptions (second-order effect). We illustrate these first and second-order impacts of communication media use in a descriptive model. Then, using this model as our point of departure, we draw on prior research on personal control, relationships, and organizational culture to offer testable propositions regarding likely worker responses (third-order effect) to either communication delays or interruptions with further implications for the organization of work. Our argument suggests that communication technology use may not result in either more or less organized work overall but, rather, may simply shift the locus of control over the flow of work. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Communication delays | Computer-mediated communication | Disorganization | Instant messaging | Interruptions | Organization | Paradox | Personal control,Information and Organization,2005-01-01,Article,"Rennecker, Julie;Godwin, Lindsey",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036245994,10.1002/job.150,Who's helping whom? Layers of culture and workplace behavior,"This paper describes an in-depth, qualitative exploration of helping behavior among software engineers doing the same type of work in the U.S. and India. Consistent with research describing American culture as more individualist and Indian culture as more collectivism we find that engineers at the American site provide help only to those from whom they expect to need help in the future, whereas engineers at the Indian site are more willing to help whoever needs help. However, we further find that the differences are not due to the influence of individualistic or collectivist norms per se but rather to the ways in which helping is framed in the two contexts. At the American site, the act of helping is framed as an unwanted interruption. In contrast, helping at the Indian site is framed as a desirable opportunity for skill development. These different framings reflect the combined influence of national, occupational, and organizational layers of culture in the two settings. In each case, we find that engineers help others when doing so is framed in such a way as to be perceived as helpful in achieving their career goals. Our findings have important implications for better understanding helping behavior itself and also the mechanisms through which culture influences work behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2002-06-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie;Weeks, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883628149,,Lilsys: sensing unavailability,"In this day and age, plagiarism has become a serious problem requiring the attention of the academic community at large. The problem, or plague as described in the literature, is very common in written works especially among university students due to various reasons such as time pressure, lack of understanding of what constitutes plagiarism, and the wealth of digital resources available on the Internet which make ""copy/paste "" activities almost natural! In order to deter students from submitting plagiarized work, educators must have a practical way to detect plagiarism. Currently there are many tools to help educators detect plagiarism within free-text essays [1], but only a few that focus specifically on source code plagiarism. This paper proposes a new technique based on Ngrams for this purpose. Our work improves on the stateof-the-art in this area by going beyond simple pair-wise submission comparisons as is the case with almost all techniques in the literature. Furthermore, our approach has empirically demonstrated improved efficiency compared to other approaches in the literature without noticeable sacrifices in accuracy.",Efficiency | N-grams | Plagiarism detection in source code,"21st International Conference on Computer Applications in Industry and Engineering, CAINE 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Rahal, Imad;Degiovanni, Joseph",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036746406,10.1287/orsc.13.5.583.7813,Time to change: Temporal shifts as enablers of organizational change,"In this paper, we integrate findings from three field studies of technology intensive organizations to explore the process through which change occurred. In each case, problems were well recognized but had become entrenched and had failed to generate change. Across the three sites, organizational change occurred only after some event altered the accustomed daily rhythms of work, and thus changed the way people experienced time. This finding suggests that temporal shifts - changes in a collective's experience of time - can help to facilitate organizational change. Specifically, we suggest that temporal shifts enable change in four ways: (1) by creating a trigger for change, (2) by providing resources needed for change, (3) by acting as a coordinating mechanism, and (4) by serving as a credible symbol of the need to change.",Organizational Change | Punctuated Change | Qualitative Methodology | Time and Timing,Organization Science,2002-01-01,Article,"Staudenmayer, Nancy;Tyre, Marcie;Perlow, Leslie",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77958566889,10.5465/amj.2010.54533180,The double-edged swords of autonomy and external knowledge: Analyzing team effectiveness in a multinational organization,"Extending the differentiation-integration view of organizational design to teams, I propose that self-managing teams engaged in knowledge-intensive work can perform more effectively by combining autonomy and external knowledge to capture the benefits of each while offsetting their risks. The complementarity between having autonomy and using external knowledge is contingent, however, on characteristics of the knowledge and the task involved. To test the hypotheses, I examined the strategic and operational effectiveness of 96 teams in a large multinational organization. Findings provide support for the theoretical model and offer implications for research on team ambidexterity and multinational management as well as team effectiveness. © Academy of Management Journal.",,Academy of Management Journal,2010-10-01,Article,"Haas, Martine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59249086945,10.1145/1404520.1404522,"Novice software developers, all over again","Transitions from novice to expert often cause stress and anxiety and require specialized instruction and support to enact efficiently. While many studies have looked at novice computer science students, very little research has been conducted on professional novices. We conducted a two-month in-situ qualitative case study of new software developers in their first six months working at Microsoft. We shadowed them in all aspects of their jobs: coding, debugging, designing, and engaging with their team, and analyzed the types of tasks in which they engage. We can explain many of the behaviors revealed by our analyses if viewed through the lens of newcomer socialization from the field of organizational man-agement. This new perspective also enables us to better understand how current computer science pedagogy prepares students for jobs in the software industry. We consider the implications of this data and analysis for developing new processes for learning in both university and industrial settings to help accelerate the transition from novice to expert software developer. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Computer science pedagogy | Human aspects of software engineering | Software development | Training,ICER'08 - Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Begel, Andrew;Simon, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958134841,10.5465/AMR.2011.61031808,Managing joint production motivation: The role of goal framing and governance mechanisms,"We contribute to the microfoundations of organizational performance by proffering the construct of joint production motivation. Under such motivational conditions individuals see themselves as part of a joint endeavor, each with his or her own roles and responsibilities; generate shared representations of actions and tasks; cognitively coordinate cooperation; and choose their own behaviors in terms of joint goals. Using goal-framing theory, we explain how motivation for joint production can be managed by cognitive/symbolic management and organizational design. © 2011 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2011-07-01,Article,"Lindenberg, Siegwart;Foss, Nicolai J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2042476662,10.1108/00483480410528832,"Person-organization value congruence, burnout and diversion of resources","One-hundred-thirty-five university faculties participated in a survey-based study of burnout. This study investigated the role of person-organization value, congruence on the experience of burnout. Also, the mediating role of burnout on the relationship between person-organization value congruence and outcomes (in congruence with Maslach, Schaufel and Leiter's theory) was examined. As predicted by a coping/withdrawal framework, burnout was associated with less time spent on teaching, service/administrative tasks, and professional development activities. To a lesser extent, burnout was associated with spending more time on non-work activities. Person-organization value congruence was strongly associated with burnout. Value congruence had direct relationships with several of the outcome variables, and, consistent with the model, burnout partially or fully mediated the relationship between congruence and satisfaction, spending less time on teaching, and on professional development activities.",Academic staff | Stress | Values,Personnel Review,2004-01-01,Article,"Siegall, Marc;McDonald, Tracy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862113522,10.1145/2207676.2207754,A pace not dictated by electrons: an empirical study of work without email,"We report on an empirical study where we cut off email usage for five workdays for 13 information workers in an organization. We employed both quantitative measures such as computer log data and ethnographic methods to compare a baseline condition (normal email usage) with our experimental manipulation (email cutoff). Our results show that without email, people multitasked less and had a longer task focus, as measured by a lower frequency of shifting between windows and a longer duration of time spent working in each computer window. Further, we directly measured stress using wearable heart rate monitors and found that stress, as measured by heart rate variability, was lower without email. Interview data were consistent with our quantitative measures, as participants reported being able to focus more on their tasks. We discuss the implications for managing email better in organizations. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Email | Empirical study | Interruptions | Multitasking | Sensors,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2012-05-24,Conference Paper,"Mark, Gloria J.;Voida, Stephen;Cardello, Armand V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-62949104506,10.1109/WIIAT.2008.322,"Work, leisure and well-being","This paper addresses the design of an ambient agent model that incorporates model-based reasoning methods for the analysis of internal causes of observed undesired behaviours of a human, and for determination of actions that remedy such causes. The models used are based on causal and dynamical relations and integrate numerical aspects. By the model-based reasoning methods hypotheses, observations and actions are generated. Control parameters within these processes are described that allow the ambient agent to focus the reasoning. These control parameters are related to each other and to specific domain and situation characteristics, such as time pressure, or criticality of a situation. © 2008 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, WI-IAT Workshops 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Duell, Rob;Hoogendoorn, Mark;Klein, Michel;Treur, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84990385493,10.1177/0893318902238896,Communicating And Organizing In Time: A Meso-Level Model of Organizational Temporality,"The authors propose a theoretical framework identifying how work group members’ experience of time is created and sustained through task-related communication structures. The model addresses 10 dimensions of time—separation, scheduling, precision, pace, present time perspective, future time perspective, flexibility, linearity, scarcity, and urgency—and proposes how three communication structures central to organizational work—coordination methods, workplace technologies, and feedback cycles—contribute to members’ temporal experience. The model incorporates the complex interplay among cultural, environmental, and individual factors as well. Testable propositions intended to guide future research are offered. © 2003, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",communication | feedback | interdependence | organizations | technology | time,Management Communication Quarterly,2003-01-01,Article,"Ballard, Dawna I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951224569,10.1016/S1553-7250(10)36021-1,Interruptions and multitasking in nursing care,"Background: The environment surrounding registered nurses (RNs) has been described as fast-paced and unpredictable, and nurses' cognitive load as exceptionally heavy. Studies of interruptions and multitasking in health care are limited, and most have focused on physicians. The extent and type of interruptions and multitasking of nurses, as well as patient errors, were studied using a natural-setting observational field design. The study was conducted in seven patient care units in two Midwestern hospitals-an academic medical center and a community-based teaching hospital. Methods: A total of 35 nurses were observed for four-hour periods of time by experienced clinical nurses, who underwent training until they reached an interrater reliability of 0.90. Findings: In the 36 RN observations (total, 136 hours) 3,441 events were captured. There were a total of 1,354 interruptions, 46 hours of multitasking, and 200 errors. Nurses were interrupted 10 times per hour, or 1 interruption per 6 minutes. However, RNs in one of the hospitals had significantly more interruptions-1 interruption every 4 1/2 minutes in Hospital 1 (versus 1 every 13.3 minutes in Hospital 2). Nurses were observed to be multitasking 34% of the time (range, 23%-41%). Overall, the error rate was 1.5 per hour (1.02 per hour in Hospital 1 and 1.89 per hour in Hospital 2). Although there was no significant relationship between interruptions, multitasking, and patient errors, the results of this study show that nurses' work environment is complex and error prone. Discussion: RNs observed in both hospitals and on all patient care units experienced a high level of discontinuity in the execution of their work. Although nurses manage interruptions and multitasking well, the potential for errors is present, and strategies to decrease interruptions are needed. © Copyright 2010 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.",,Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety,2010-01-01,Article,"Kalisch, Beatrice J.;Aebersold, Michelle",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4644242291,10.1109/TITB.2004.834391,Integrating context-aware public displays into a mobile hospital information system,"Hospitals are convenient settings for deployment of ubiquitous computing technology. Not only are they technology-rich environments, but their workers experience a high level of mobility resulting in information infrastructures with artifacts distributed throughout the premises. Hospital information systems (HISs) that provide access to electronic patient records are a step in the direction of providing accurate and timely information to hospital staff in support of adequate decision-making. This has motivated the introduction of mobile computing technology in hospitals based on designs which respond to their particular conditions and demands. Among those conditions is the fact that worker mobility does not exclude the need for having shared information artifacts at particular locations. In this paper, we extend a handheld-based mobile HIS with ubiquitous computing technology and describe how public displays are integrated with handheld and the services offered by these devices. Public displays become aware of the presence of physicians and nurses in their vicinity and adapt to provide users with personalized, relevant information. An agent-based architecture allows the integration of proactive components that offer information relevant to the case at hand, either from medical guidelines or previous similar cases. © 2004 IEEE.",,IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine,2004-09-01,Article,"Favela, Jesus;Rodríguez, Marcela;Preciado, Alfredo;González, Victor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646455513,10.1080/14427591.2006.9686570,Lifestyle balance: A review of concepts and research,"The perceived stress of time-pressures related to modern life in Western nations has heightened public interest in how lifestyles can be balanced. Conditions of apparent imbalance, such as workaholism, burnout, insomnia, obesity and circadian desynchronosis, are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse health consequences. Despite this, little research has been devoted to the study of healthy lifestyle patterns. This paper traces the concept of lifestyle balance from early history, continuing with the mental hygiene movement of the early twentieth century, and extending to the present. Relevant threads of theory and research pertaining to time use, psychological need satisfaction, role-balance, and the rhythm and timing of activities are summarized and critiqued. The paper identifies research opportunities for occupational scientists and occupational therapists, and proposes that future studies connect existing research across a common link—the identification of occupational patterns that reduce stress. The importance of such studies to guide health promotion, disease prevention and social policy decisions necessary for population health in the 21st century is emphasized. © 2006, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.",Activity patterns | Health promotion | Resiliency | Role | Stress | Time-use,Journal of Occupational Science,2006-01-01,Article,"Christiansen, Charles;Matuska, Kathleen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037409365,10.1016/S0923-4748(03)00006-7,"Dispersed collaboration in a multi-firm, multi-team product-development project","The paper reports on an inductive case analysis of work patterns in a virtual multilateral (multi-organization, multi-team) development organization (VMDO) composed of a lead firm and its suppliers. These firms successfully co-developed across significant geographic boundaries a complex aerospace product, and had limited prior experience of working together. I find the lead firm's imposition of administrative standards for work content and timing to have provided an efficient basis for the resolution of task interdependencies, thereby allowing integrative work patterns to emerge. The process by which these standards were imposed is examined, and implications for the management of VMDOs are identified. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Modularized | Multilateral | Standardized | Synchronized | Virtual,Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M,2003-01-01,Article,"O'Sullivan, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960247076,10.1177/0170840611410829,Constant connectivity: Rethinking interruptions at work,"While the subject of interruptions has received considerable attention among organizational researchers, the pervasive presence of information and communication technologies has not been adequately conceptualized. Here we consider the way knowledge workers interact with these technologies. We present fine-grained data that reveal the crucial role of mediated communication in the fragmentation of the working day. These mediated interactions, which are both frequent and short, have been commonly viewed as interruptions - as if the issue is the frequency of these single, isolated events. In contrast, we argue that knowledge workers inhabit an environment where communication technologies are ubiquitous, presenting simultaneous, multiple and ever-present calls on their attention. Such a framing employs a sociomaterial approach which reveals how contemporary knowledge work is itself a complex entanglement of social practices and the materiality of technical artefacts. Our findings show that employees engage in new work strategies as they negotiate the constant connectivity of communication media. © The Author(s) 2011.",communication technology | fragmentation | interruptions | knowledge work,Organization Studies,2011-07-01,Article,"Wajcman, Judy;Rose, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041010783,10.1002/1099-1727(200023)16:3<173::AID-SDR196>3.0.CO;2-E,A dynamic model of resource allocation in multi-project research and development systems,"Managers and scholars have increasingly come to recognize the central role that design and engineering play in the overall process of delivering products to the final customer. Although significant progress has been made in the design of effective product development processes, many firms still struggle with the execution of their desired development process. In this paper a model is developed to study one hypothesis to explain why firms experience such difficulties. The analysis of the model leads to a number of new insights not present in the existing literature. First, the analysis shows that under a plausible set of assumptions product development systems have multiple steady-state modes of execution (or equilibria). This insight suggests that it is possible for product development systems to get ""trapped"" in a state of low performance. Second, the analysis highlights that, for multiple equilibria to exist, a positive loop must dominate the system. The conditions required for such dominance are also provided. Third, the analysis demonstrates that the sensitivity of the system to undesirable self-reinforcing dynamics is determined by the utilization of resources. Fourth, simulation experiments show that testing delays also play a critical role in determining the system's dynamics. Finally, one extension to the model is considered, the introduction of new development tools, and policies for performance improvement are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2000-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56349146454,10.1002/bate.200810054,Characteristics of work interruptions during medication administration,"This paper is about the design and construction of a new bridge for the underground in Berlin. A new structure was necessary due to insufficient stability and serviceability of the old one. The project had to be carried out under high time pressure to avoid a decommissioning of the underground traffic. As a result of this the planning and execution phases were significantly reduced. Besides, the client provided the construction firm with the structural steel to be used for the superstructure, a potential for conflict that would need to be tackled. The project will be described from the design point of view. © Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.",,Bautechnik,2008-11-01,Article,"Scholz, Hans;Genetzke, Carsten;Wette, Klaus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149171920,10.1080/14786430802607093,Contextualizing patterns of work group interaction: Toward a nested theory of structuration,"We present a comprehensive study of data for the dielectric relaxation of ten glass-forming organic liquids at high-pressure along isotherms, showing that the primary () high-frequency relaxation is well-characterized by the minimum slope and the width of the loss peak. The advantage of these two parameters is that they are model independent. For some materials with processes in the mHz and kHz range, the high-frequency slope tends to be [image omitted] with pressure increase. In addition, the two parameters capture the relaxation shape invariance at a given relaxation time but different combinations of pressure and time. © 2008 Taylor & Francis.",Compression | Dielectric | Minimum slope | Time pressure temperature super position | Width,Philosophical Magazine,2008-11-01,Conference Paper,"Nielsen, A. I.;Pawlus, S.;Paluch, M.;Dyre, J. C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860371110,10.1007/1-4020-4023-7_8,Managing currents of work: Multi-tasking among multiple collaborations,"This research reports on a study of the interplay between multi-tasking and collaborative work. We conducted an ethnographic study in two different companies where we observed the experiences and practices of thirty-six information workers. We observed that people continually switch between different collaborative contexts throughout their day. We refer to activities that are thematically connected as working spheres. We discovered that to multi-task and cope with the resulting fragmentation of their work, individuals constantly renew overviews of their working spheres, they strategize how to manage transitions between contexts and they maintain flexible foci among their different working spheres. We argue that system design to support collaborative work should include the notion that people are involved in multiple collaborations with contexts that change continually. System design must take into account these continual changes: people switch between local and global perspectives of their working spheres, have varying states of awareness of their different working spheres, and are continually managing transitions between contexts due to interruptions. © 2005 Springer.",,ECSCW 2005 - Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"González, Victor M.;Mark, Gloria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0011982223,10.1016/S0959-8022(00)00006-0,"Place, space and knowledge work: a study of outsourced computer systems administrators","Information technology has the capacity to change time-space configurations making new organizational forms possible. Two principal time-space configurations known as space and place are used to characterize some of the broad transformations occurring in social and organizational structures associated with the intensified use of information technology. The time- space configuration of place with its sense of boundedness, localness and particularity, is contrasted with that of space and its sense of the universal, the generalizable and the abstract. Today's evolving organizational forms reflect an increased reliance on space as a guiding image for organization design and technology deployment. Space as a guiding image brings the hope of making an organization more flexible by freeing it from the constraints of place. This is reflected in the emergence of market-based forms of organizing with their emphasis on outsourcing and inter-organizational alliances. We present an ethnographic account of outsourced computer system administrators in a company that is seeking to be a lean, knowledge-intensive, learning organization. Drawing on Bourdieu's theory of practice we explore the tensions between place and space in the firm as well as in the system administrators' work lives. We argue that place and space are always operating simultaneously in an organization, and that they provide an ongoing source of dialectic tension for the individual worker. In keeping with Bourdieu's generative structuralism, we further argue that the computer contractors' work practices, especially their practice of writing, serve to reproduce the conditions under which those tensions emerge. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.",Bourdieu | Ethnography | Work practice,"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies",2000-01-01,Article,"Schultze, Ulrike;Boland, Richard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902236519,10.1016/B978-155860808-5/50012-5,Applying Social Psychological Theory to the Problems of Group Work,"This chapter presents applications of social psychological theory to the problems of group work. The subfield of human-computer interaction known as computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) attempts to build tools that help groups of people to more effectively accomplish their work, as well as their learning and play. It also examines how groups incorporate these tools into their routines and the impact that various technologies have on group processes and outcomes. CSCW systems are aimed at helping both collocated and distributed teams perform better. Inputs such as people, tasks, and technology have a dual impact on group effectiveness. They can influence outcomes directly, and they can influence outcomes by changing the ways that group members interact with one another. The way that group members interact with one another can directly influence group outcomes and can mediate the impact of inputs on the group. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",,"HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science",2003-01-01,Book Chapter,"Kraut, Robert E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40749148514,10.2307/25148827,Contribution behaviors in distributed environments,"In this paper, we develop a framework for understanding contribution behaviors, which we define as voluntary acts of helping others by providing information. Our focus is on why and how people make contributions in geographically distributed organizations where contributions occur primarily through information technologies. We develop a model of contribution behaviors that delineates three mediating mechanisms: (1) awareness; (2) searching and matching; and (3) formulation and delivery. We specify the cognitive and motivational elements involved in these mechanisms and the role of information technology in facilitating contributions. We discuss the implications of our framework for developing theory and for designing technology to support contribution behaviors.",Contribution behaviors | Knowledge management | Knowledge sharing,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Olivera, Fernando;Goodman, Paul S.;Tan, Sharon Swee Lin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-64949188022,10.1016/j.emj.2008.08.005,Crafting firm competencies to improve innovative performance,"Recent interdisciplinary research suggests that customer and technological competencies have a direct, unconditional effect on firms' innovative performance. This study extends this stream of literature by considering the effect of organizational competencies. Results from a survey-research executed in the fast moving consumer goods industry suggest that firms that craft organizational competencies - such as improving team cohesiveness and providing slack time to foster creativity - do not directly improve their innovative performance. However, those firms that successfully combine customer, technological and organizational competencies will create more innovations that are new to the market. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Firm competencies | Radical and incremental product innovation | Team cohesiveness,European Management Journal,2009-06-01,Article,"Lokshin, Boris;Gils, Anita Van;Bauer, Eva",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861296784,10.1145/1054972.1055018,Examining task engagement in sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility,"The computer and communication systems that office workers currently use tend to interrupt at inappropriate times or unduly demand attention because they have no way to determine when an interruption is appropriate. Sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility offer a potential solution to this problem. Prior work to examine such models has primarily reported results related to social engagement, but it seems that task engagement is also important. Using an approach developed in our prior work on sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility, we examine task engagement by studying programmers working on a realistic programming task. After examining many potential sensors, we implement a system to log low-level input events in a development environment. We then automatically extract features from these low-level event logs and build a statistical model of interruptibility. By correctly identifying situations in which programmers are non-interruptible and minimizing cases where the model incorrectly estimates that a programmer is non-interruptible, we can support a reduction in costly interruptions while still allowing systems to convey notifications in a timely manner. Copyright 2005 ACM.",Context-aware computing | Interruptibility | Machine learning | Managing human attention | Sensor-based interfaces | Situationally appropriate interaction,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fogarty, James;Ko, Andrew J.;Aung, Htet Htet;Golden, Elspeth;Tang, Karen P.;Hudson, Scott E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862553698,10.5465/amr.2010.0403,Catching falling stars: A human resource response to social capital's detrimental effect of information overload on star employees,"Because star employees are more visible and productive, they are likely to be sought out by others and develop an information advantage through their abundant social capital. However, not all of the information effects of stardom are beneficial. We theorize that stars' robust social capital may produce an unintended side effect of information overload. We highlight the role of human resource management in minimizing the effects of information overload for stars, and we discuss avenues for future research. © 2012 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2012-07-01,Review,"Oldroyd, James B.;Morris, Shad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855646781,10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.08.004,Why individuals in larger teams perform worse,"Research shows that individuals in larger teams perform worse than individuals in smaller teams; however, very little field research examines why. The current study of 212 knowledge workers within 26 teams, ranging from 3 to 19 members in size, employs multi-level modeling to examine the underlying mechanisms. The current investigation expands upon Steiner's (1972) model of individual performance in group contexts identifying one missing element of process loss, namely relational loss. Drawing from the literature on stress and coping, relational loss, a unique form of individual level process, loss occurs when an employee perceives that support is less available in the team as team size increases. In the current study, relational loss mediated the negative relationship between team size and individual performance even when controlling for extrinsic motivation and perceived coordination losses. This suggests that larger teams diminish perceptions of available support which would otherwise buffer stressful experiences and promote performance. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.",Appraisal theory | Coordination | Individual performance | Multi-level theory | Perceived social support | Process loss | Team size,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2012-01-01,Article,"Mueller, Jennifer S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57449091701,10.1145/1352135.1352218,Struggles of new college graduates in their first software development job,"How do new college graduates experience their first software development jobs? In what ways are they prepared by their educational experiences, and in what ways do they struggle to be productive in their new positions? We report on a ""fly-on-the-wall"" observational study of eight recent college graduates in their first six months of a software development position at Microsoft Corporation. After a total of 85 hours of on-the-job observation, we report on the common abilities evidenced by new software developers including how to program, how to write design specifications, and evidence of persistence strategies for problem-solving. We also classify some of the common ways new software developers were observed getting stuck: communication, collaboration, technical, cognition, and orientation. We report on some common misconceptions of new developers which often frustrate them and hinder them in their jobs, and conclude with recommendations to align Computer Science curricula with the observed needs of new professional developers.",Computer science education | Human aspects of software engineering | Software development,SIGCSE'08 - Proceedings of the 39th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education,2008-12-16,Conference Paper,"Begel, Andrew;Simon, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84868617312,10.1177/0001839212453028,The transparency paradox: A role for privacy in organizational learning and operational control,"Using data from embedded participant-observers and a field experiment at the second largest mobile phone factory in the world, located in China, I theorize and test the implications of transparent organizational design on workers' productivity and organizational performance. Drawing from theory and research on learning and control, I introduce the notion of a transparency paradox, whereby maintaining observability of workers may counterintuitively reduce their performance by inducing those being observed to conceal their activities through codes and other costly means; conversely, creating zones of privacy may, under certain conditions, increase performance. Empirical evidence from the field shows that even a modest increase in group-level privacy sustainably and significantly improves line performance, while qualitative evidence suggests that privacy is important in supporting productive deviance, localized experimentation, distraction avoidance, and continuous improvement. I discuss implications of these results for theory on learning and control and suggest directions for future research. © The Author(s) 2012.",Chinese manufacturing | Field experiment | Operational control | Organizational learning | Organizational performance | Privacy | Transparency,Administrative Science Quarterly,2012-06-01,Article,"Bernstein, Ethan S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-49149087609,10.1109/TEM.2008.922630,"Exploring robust design capabilities, their role in creating global products, and their relationship to firm performance","Construction disputes are always negotiated before other resolution methods are considered. When it comes to negotiation, the tactics used by a negotiator is central in deriving desired outcomes. This paper reports a research that employs logistic regression (LR) to predict the probabilistic relationship between negotiator tactics and negotiation outcomes. To achieve this, three main stages of work were involved. Negotiator tactics and negotiation outcomes were first identified from literature. Then, four LR prediction models with negotiation outcomes as the dependent variable and negotiator tactics as the independent variables were constructed. Finally, these models were validated with an independent set of testing data. These models collectively suggested that: 1) increasing time pressure, taking threats, or subjecting the opponent to reality testing are inductive to ""deterioration"" negotiation outcomes; 2) providing various options and increasing flexibility would achieve ""substantial improvement"" in negotiation; 3) relationships between parties could be maintained by fair play; and 4) focusing on information exchange, giving middiscussion summaries, and offering counterproposal could clarify a party's position. Despite the skepticism over frank and open discussion of the issues and the existence of game plan, the findings of this research do support some well-established negotiation principles-focus on the issue and play down behavioral factors. © 2008 IEEE.",Construction negotiation | Logistic regression (LR) | Negotiation outcomes | Negotiator tactics,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2008-08-15,Article,"Yiu, Tak Wing;Cheung, Sai On;Chow, Pui Ting",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-41049088161,10.1177/1049732307311680,“We are here to give you emotional support”: Performing emotions in an online HIV/AIDS support group,"Since the advent of the Internet, social critics have debated its effects on intimacy and social relationships. I show how, by writing detailed descriptions of their illness experiences, participants in online support groups create emotionally vibrant, empathic communities in which emotional rhetoric frames various moral dilemmas. I illustrate my argument with a detailed analysis of ""emotion talk"" among members of an HIV/AIDS support group over a 2-year period. My findings add to current debates by encouraging sociologists to consider the emotional dynamics within the online support group as a moral, rather than just psychological or therapeutic, component of interaction. © 2007 Sage Publications.",Anger | Emotions | Empathy | HIV/AIDS | Internet | Narrative methods | Support group,Qualitative Health Research,2008-04-01,Article,"Bar-Lev, Shirly",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746607328,10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000617,Enacting new temporal boundaries: the role of mobile phones,"This paper examines how the use of mobile phones influences the temporal boundaries that people enact in order to regulate and coordinate their work and non-work activities. We investigate both the structural and interpretive aspects of socio-temporal order, so as to gain a fuller appreciation of the changes induced by the use of mobile phones. With specific reference to professionals working in traditional, physically based and hierarchically structured organizations, we found that mobile phone users are becoming more vulnerable to organizational claims and that as a result 'the office' is always present as professionals, because of the use of mobile phones, become available 'anytime'. This is enabled by the characteristics of the technology itself but also by users' own behaviour. In the paper, we discuss the properties of the emerging socio-temporal order and show how mobile phones may render the management of the social spheres in which professionals participate more challenging. © 2006 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Information systems and time | Mobile phones | Structural and interpretive properties | Temporal boundaries | Temporal order,European Journal of Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Prasopoulou, Elpida;Pouloudi, Athanasia;Panteli, Niki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247549756,10.1287/orsc.1060.0226,From iron cage to iron shield? How bureaucracy enables temporal flexibility for professional service workers,"This paper develops a model of how organizations influence the temporal flexibility of professional service workers. The model starts by identifying a key source of temporal inflexibility for these workers: an inability to hand clients off among one other. Hand-offs are impeded by high levels of client-to-worker specificity, stemming from three common characteristics of professional service work. The organizational processes that reduce that specificity, and therefore facilitate hand-offs, function by (a) reshaping client participation and expectations about the nature of their service interactions, (b) partly standardizing client-related work practices, and (c) facilitating the sharing of knowledge about clients between workers. The presence of these organizational processes represents greater bureaucracy - an interesting twist, given that they create more temporal flexibility for workers. The model is grounded in field research conducted with primary care physicians, and is also evaluated using a unique survey data set of physician organizations. Implications are drawn for the study of temporal flexibility across professional services in general, as well as for recent attempts to rethink the meaning of bureaucracy for workers. © 2007 INFORMS.",Bureaucracy | Client hand-offs | Organizational processes | Professional service work | Temporal flexibility,Organization Science,2007-03-01,Article,"Briscoe, Forrest",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748494437,10.1177/0021943606292352,Can computer-mediated asynchronous communication improve team processes and decision making? Learning from the management literature,"Effective communication is critical to most organizational processes, including team collaboration and decision making. Face-to-face communication is commonly assumed to be superior to all other forms of communication, yet face-to-face communication does not cope well with organizational constraints such as time pressure or the geographic distribution of team members. A partial answer in overcoming some of these constraints may be computer-mediated asynchronous communication (CMAC). CMAC enables increased and more equal team member participation, offers flexibility over time and distance, creates time for additional reflection and thought by participants, and archives a permanent record of all discussion. CMAC overcomes some of the drawbacks common to face-to-face communication in some circumstances, thus enhancing organizational communication, team collaboration, and decision-making effectiveness. © 2006 by the Association for Business Communication.",Asynchronous communication | Computer-mediated communication | Decision making | Team processes,Journal of Business Communication,2006-10-01,Article,"Berry, Gregory R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035536555,10.5465/AMR.2001.4845809,Complexifying organizational theory: Illustrations using time research,"We seek to enrich organizational inquiry by introducing an additional level of abstraction based on theory complexity. We develop four levels of theory complexity and anchor each with well-established theoretical frameworks and research streams. After identifying the contingency approach as the simplest, we progress through cycles and competing values approaches and arrive at the chaos perspective as the most complex. We use research on time orientations, polychronicity, and entrainment to illustrate the utility of such a ladder of theoretical complexity in provoking alternative research lenses and inquiry.",,Academy of Management Review,2001-01-01,Article,"Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph;Julian, Scott D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847284565,10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00346.x,"Collaboration structure, communication media, and problems in scientific work teams","This article reviews the structural characteristics of work organizations that are likely to increase collaboration problems and tests the relationships between collaboration structure and problems using data from a survey of scientists in four fields (experimental biology, mathematics, physics, and sociology). Two groups of problems are identified: problems of coordination and misunderstandings and problems of cultural differences and information security. Greater coordination problems are associated with size, distance, interdependence, and scientific competition. Problems of culture and security are associated with size, distance, scientific competition, and commercialization. Email use is associated with reporting fewer coordination problems, but not fewer problems of culture and security, while neither phone use nor face-to-face meetings significantly reduces problems. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for designers of collaboration technologies and researchers involved in scientific collaborations. © 2007 International Communication Association.",,Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,2007-01-01,Review,"Walsh, John P.;Maloney, Nancy G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-46849083479,10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.315,Theorizing the unintended consequences of instant messaging for worker productivity,"Sixteen healthy young adults (ages 18-32) and 16 healthy older adults (ages 67-81) completed a delayed response task in which they saw the following visual sequence: memory stimuli (2 abstract shapes; 3,000 ms), a blank delay (5,000 ms), a probe stimulus of variable duration (one abstract shape; 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ms), and a mask (500 ms). Subjects decided whether the probe stimulus matched either of the memory stimuli; they were instructed to respond during the mask, placing greater emphasis on speed than accuracy. The authors used D. L. Hintzman & T. Curran's (1994) 3-parameter compound bounded exponential model of speed-accuracy tradeoff to describe changes in discriminability associated with total processing time. Group-level analysis revealed a higher rate parameter and a higher asymptote parameter for the young adult group, but no difference across groups in x-intercept. Proxy measures of cognitive reserve (Y. Stern et al., 2005) predicted the rate parameter value, particularly in older adults. Results suggest that in working memory, aging impairs both the maximum capacity for discriminability and the rate of information accumulation, but not the temporal threshold for discriminability. © 2008 American Psychological Association.",aging | cognitive reserve | speed-accuracy tradeoff | working memory,Psychology and Aging,2008-06-01,Article,"Kumar, Arjun;Rakitin, Brian C.;Nambisan, Rohit;Habeck, Christian;Stern, Yaakov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345016407,10.1002/job.229,Being there: the acceptance and marginalization of part‐time professional employees,"Part-time professional employees represent an increasingly important social category that challenges traditional assumptions about the relationships between space, time, and professional work. In this article, we examine both the historical emergence of part-time professional work and the dynamics of its integration into contemporary organizations. Professional employment has historically been associated with being continuously available to one's organization, and contemporary professional jobs often bear the burden of that legacy as they are typically structured in ways that assume full-time (and greater) commitments of time to the organization. Because part-time status directly confronts that tradition, professionals wishing to work part-time may face potentially resistant work cultures. The heterogeneity of contemporary work cultures and tasks, however, presents a wide variety of levels and forms of resistance to part-time professionals. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that identifies characteristics of local work contexts that lead to the acceptance or marginalization of part-time professionals. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between a work culture's dominant interaction rituals and their effects on co-workers' and managers' reactions to part-time professionals. We then go on to examine the likely responses of part-time professionals to marginalization, based on their access to organizational resources and their motivation to engage in strategies that challenge the status quo. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2003-12-01,Article,"Lawrence, Thomas B.;Corwin, Vivien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952209808,10.1002/smj.831,Polychronicity in top management teams: The impact on strategic decision processes and performance of new technology ventures,"This study focuses on polychronicity as a cultural dimension of top management teams (TMTs). TMT polychronicity is the extent to which team members mutually prefer and tend to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously or intermittently instead of one at a time and believe that this is the best way of doing things. We explore the impact of TMT polychronicity on strategic decision speed and comprehensiveness and, subsequently, its effect on new venture financial performance. Contrary to popular time-management principles advocating task prioritization and focused sequential execution, we found that TMT polychronicity has a positive effect on firm performance in the context of dynamic unanalyzable environments. This effect is partially mediated by strategic decision speed and comprehensiveness. Our study contributes to research on strategic leadership by focusing on a novel value-based characteristic of the TMT (polychronicity) and by untangling the decision-making processes that relate TMT characteristics and firm performance. It also contributes to the attention-based view of the firm by positioning polychronicity as a new type of attention structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Comprehensiveness | Performance | Polychronicity | Speed | Strategic decision process | Top management teams,Strategic Management Journal,2010-06-01,Article,"Souitaris, Vangelis;Maestro, B. M.Marcello",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14644393702,10.1016/j.infsof.2004.09.001,Virtual workgroups in offshore systems development,"The market for offshore systems development, motivated by lower costs in developing countries, is expected to increase and reach about $15 billion in the year 2007. Virtual workgroups supported by computer and communication technologies enable offshore systems development. This article discusses the limitations of using virtual work in offshore systems development, and describes development processes and management procedures amenable to virtual work in offshore development projects. It also describes a framework to use virtual work selectively, while offshore developing various types of information systems. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Global outsourcing | Global software development | Offshore systems development | Virtual work,Information and Software Technology,2005-03-31,Article,"Sakthivel, Sachidanandam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952812382,10.5465/AMLE.2011.59513272,Scholarship that matters: Academic–practitioner engagement in business and management,"Our research explores academic-practitioner engagement by undertaking interviews with academics, practitioners, and other experts with relevant engagement experience. The findings highlight the problem of thinking narrowly about the different ways in which engagement takes place, as well as defining narrowly what is a worthwhile activity for management academics. We develop a framework that encompasses the main ways in which engagement takes place, and that relates these to different attitude groups among both academics and practitioners. This could provide a starting point for business schools and individual academics to develop plans and put in place the processes for better engagement.",,Academy of Management Learning and Education,2011-03-01,Article,"Hughes, Tim;Bence, David;Grisoni, Louise;O'Regan, Nicholas;Wornham, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749171795,10.1016/j.jml.2007.06.010,The Changing Time Demands of Managerial and Professional Work: Implications for Managing the Work-Life Boundary.,"Interpreting a verb-phrase ellipsis (VP ellipsis) requires accessing an antecedent in memory, and then integrating a representation of this antecedent into the local context. We investigated the online interpretation of VP ellipsis in an eye-tracking experiment and four speed-accuracy tradeoff experiments. To investigate whether the antecedent for a VP ellipsis is accessed with a search or direct-access retrieval process, Experiments 1 and 2 measured the effect of the distance between an ellipsis and its antecedent on the speed and accuracy of comprehension. Accuracy was lower with longer distances, indicating that interpolated material reduced the quality of retrieved information about the antecedent. However, contra a search process, distance did not affect the speed of interpreting ellipsis. This pattern suggests that antecedent representations are content-addressable and retrieved with a direct-access process. To determine whether interpreting ellipsis involves copying antecedent information into the ellipsis site, Experiments 3-5 manipulated the length and complexity of the antecedent. Some types of antecedent complexity lowered accuracy, notably, the number of discourse entities in the antecedent. However, neither antecedent length nor complexity affected the speed of interpreting the ellipsis. This pattern is inconsistent with a copy operation, and it suggests that ellipsis interpretation may involve a pointer to extant structures in memory. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Sentence processing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Verb-phrase ellipsis,Journal of Memory and Language,2008-04-01,Article,"Martin, Andrea E.;McElree, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033891852,10.1016/S0923-4748(99)00020-X,Tightening the belt: methods for reducing development costs associated with new product innovation,"Despite the fact that many firms are under pressure to reduce research and development (R & D) expenditures, there are few studies which test methods for containing costs associated with innovation. A multi-industry study of new product development projects suggests that development costs are lower when there are (a) high rewards for speedy development, high clarity of product concept, and low management interest in the project (criteria-related factors), (b) high use of external ideas and technologies (scope-related factor), (c) high number of product champions, low project leader's position in the organization, low project members' education level, and low team representativeness (staffing-related factors), and (d) low process overlap, low team proximity, low frequency of testing, and high use of CAD systems (structuring-related factors). The final model was significant at the p<0.001 level and explained 61% of the variance in development costs. Implications for scholars and managers are discussed.",,Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M,2000-01-01,Article,"Kessler, Eric H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958860374,10.1080/19378629.2010.520135,Reconstructing engineering from practice,"Using data from interviews and field observations, this article argues that engineering needs to be understood as a much broader human social performance than traditional narratives that focus just on design and technical problem-solving. The article proposes a model of practice based on observations from all the main engineering disciplines and diverse settings in Australia and South Asia. Observations presented in the article reveal that engineers not only relegate social aspects of their work to a peripheral status but also many critical technical aspects like design checking that are omitted from prevailing narratives. The article argues that the foundation of engineering practice is distributed expertise enacted through social interactions between people: engineering relies on harnessing the knowledge, expertise and skills carried by many people, much of it implicit and unwritten knowledge. Therefore social interactions lie at the core of engineering practice. The article argues for relocating engineering studies from the curricular margins to the core of engineering teaching and research and opens new ways to resolve contested issues in engineering education. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.",Distributed expertise | Engineering education | Engineering identity | Engineering practice,Engineering Studies,2010-12-01,Article,"Trevelyan, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33751549355,10.1080/09613210601036697,Visual practices and the objects used in design,"Recent interest in material objects - the things of everyday interaction - has led to articulations of their role in the literature on organizational knowledge and learning. What is missing is a sense of how the use of these 'things' is patterned across both industrial settings and time. This research addresses this gap with a particular emphasis on visual materials. Practices are analysed in two contrasting design settings: a capital goods manufacturer and an architectural firm. Materials are observed to be treated both as frozen, and hence unavailable for change; and as fluid, open and dynamic. In each setting temporal patterns of unfreezing and refreezing are associated with the different types of materials used. The research suggests that these differing patterns or rhythms of visual practice are important in the evolution of knowledge and in structuring social relations for delivery. Hence, to improve their performance practitioners should not only consider the types of media they use, but also reflect on the pace and style of their interactions.",Design | Knowledge | Learning | Objects | Visual practices,Building Research and Information,2007-02-01,Article,"Whyte, Jennifer K.;Ewenstein, Boris;Hales, Michael;Tidd, Joe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68949089813,10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.04.002,Why is it so hard to do my work? The challenge of attention residue when switching between work tasks,"In many jobs, employees must manage multiple projects or tasks at the same time. A typical workday often entails switching between several work activities, including projects, tasks, and meetings. This paper explores how such work design affects individual performance by focusing on the challenge of switching attention from one task to another. As revealed by two experiments, people need to stop thinking about one task in order to fully transition their attention and perform well on another. Yet, results indicate it is difficult for people to transition their attention away from an unfinished task and their subsequent task performance suffers. Being able to finish one task before switching to another is, however, not enough to enable effective task transitions. Time pressure while finishing a prior task is needed to disengage from the first task and thus move to the next task and it contributes to higher performance on the next task. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Attention | Task performance | Task transitions | Time,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2009-07-01,Article,"Leroy, Sophie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34547841371,10.1177/0018726707081657,Less need to be there: Cross-level effects of work practices that support work-life flexibility and enhance group processes and group-level OCB,"Flexible work arrangements that give employees more control over when and where they work (such as part-time, flextime, and flexplace) have resulted in growing workplace trends of reduced face time, namely less visible physical time at the workplace. Most previous writings highlight negative effects on work group processes and effectiveness. In contrast, we develop a cross-level model specifying facilitating work practices that enhance group processes and effectiveness. These work practices: collaborative time management, re-definition of work contributions, proactive availability, and strategic self-presentation enhance overall awareness of others' needs in the group and overall caring about group goals, reduce process losses, and enhance group-level organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Our model presents testable propositions to guide empirical research on potentially positive effects of individual reduced face time on group outcomes. Copyright © 2007 The Tavistock Institute® SAGE Publications.",Cross-level effects on group | Discretionary behavior | Enhanced group effectiveness | Group processes | New ways of working | Organizational citizenship behavior,Human Relations,2007-08-01,Article,"Van Dyne, Linn;Kossek, Ellen;Lobel, Sharon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-31644438939,10.1108/13620430610642363,Toward a new taxonomy for understanding the nature and consequences of contingent employment,"Purpose - The main goal of this article is to present a new taxonomy of contingent employment that better represents the wide variety of part-time, temporary, and contract employment arrangements that have emerged since Feldman's review. Design/methodology/approach - Reviews the literature over the past 15 years. Findings - The paper suggests that contingent work arrangements can be arrayed along three dimensions: time, space, and the number/kind of employers. In addition, analysis of the recent research on contingent employment should be expanded to include worker timeliness, responsiveness, job embeddedness, citizenship behaviours, quality of work, and social integration costs. Originality/value - The article suggests that a wider range of individual differences (including education, race, citizenship, career stage, and rational demography) all serve to moderate the relationships between different kinds of contingent work arrangements and outcome variables. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Employee attitudes | Homeworking | Job satisfaction | Part time workers | Temporary workers,Career Development International,2006-02-07,Review,"Feldman, Daniel C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-24944570024,10.5465/AMJ.2005.17843945,"When is an hour not 60 minutes? Deadlines, temporal schemata, and individual and task group performance","We investigated variation in how deadlines are experienced based on whether they match culturally entrained milestones. Consequences for task performance were also examined. We manipulated starting times on two experimental tasks as prototypical (e.g., 4:00 p.m.) or atypical (e.g., 4:07 p.m). In one experiment, each of 20 task groups was to create a television commercial in one hour. Groups' time pacing and performance varied significantly, and groups with prototypical starting times performed better. In a second experiment, 73 individuals were to divide time equally between two tasks. Individuals with atypical starting times performed more poorly on their second tasks.",,Academy of Management Journal,2005-01-01,Article,"Labianca, Giuseppe;Moon, Henry;Watt, Ian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84892456640,10.1145/1518701.1518979,Self-interruption on the computer: a typology of discretionary task interleaving,"The typical information worker is interrupted every 12 minutes, and half of the time they are interrupting themselves. However, most of the research on interruption in the area of human-computer interaction has focused on understanding and managing interruptions from external sources. Internal interruptions - user-initiated switches away from a task prior to its completion - are not well understood. In this paper we describe a qualitative study of self-interruption on the computer. Using a grounded theory approach, we identify seven categories of self-interruptions in computer-related activities. These categories are derived from direct observations of users, and describe the motivation, potential consequences, and benefits associated with each type of self-interruption observed. Our research extends the understanding of the self-interruption phenomenon, and informs the design of systems to support discretionary task interleaving on the computer. Copyright 2009 ACM.",Attention | Interruption | Multi-tasking | Self-interruption | Task switching | Work fragmentation | Work spheres,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jin, Jing;Dabbish, Laura A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57749102436,10.1287/orsc.1070.0287,"“In case of fire, please use the elevator”: Simulation technology and organization in fire engineering","Interorganizational projects can provide a vehicle for innovation, despite the professional and organizational barriers that confront this form of organizing. The case of fire engineering shows how such projects use simulation technology as a boundary object to foster innovation in a new organizational field. Engineers use simulation technology to produce radical changes in fire control and management, such as using elevators to evacuate buildings during emergencies. A framework is developed that explores how decisions can be reached and tensions resolved amongst multiple, diverse, and discordant actors striving for a shared appreciation of negotiated futures. This framework extends theories of engineering knowledge and boundary objects. It sheds new light on how to organize collective, knowledge-based work to produce reliable and innovative designs. © 2007 INFORMS.",Boundary objects | Engineering knowledge | Innovation | Projects | Simulation,Organization Science,2007-09-01,Article,"Dodgson, Mark;Gann, David M.;Salter, Ammon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38749129137,10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.029,"Hot Spots: Why some teams, workplaces, and organizations buzz with energy-and others don't","Fire fighting is a risky profession. The risks however differ per turn out. Sometimes time pressure is high and human lives are at stake. In other situations, there is hardly any time pressure and repression is only aimed at damage control. We analyzed all sufficiently documented fatal fire fighter fire suppression accidents (36 accidents causing 66 fatalities) in the Netherlands since 1946. Based upon in-depth analysis, these accidents were classified into 4 situations: high time pressure and human rescue human (6 fatalities), low time pressure and human rescue (1), high time pressure and damage control (41), and low time pressure and damage control (18). These numbers were related to the number of turn outs in each of these situations. This analysis revealed that in situations where human rescue is necessary, relatively few fire fighters got killed. In particular in the category of high time pressure and damage control a disproportional large amount of fire fighters got killed. In addition, high time pressure in general causes a disproportional amount of fatalities among fire fighters. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Damage control | Fire fighting | Human rescue | Occupational accidents | Operational decision making | Time pressure,Safety Science,2008-02-01,Article,"Rosmuller, N.;Ale, B. J.M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908577276,10.1145/2632048.2632062,InterruptMe: designing intelligent prompting mechanisms for pervasive applications,"The mobile phone represents a unique platform for interactive applications that can harness the opportunity of an immediate contact with a user in order to increase the impact of the delivered information. However, this accessibility does not necessarily translate to reachability, as recipients might refuse an initiated contact or disfavor a message that comes in an inappropriate moment./// In this paper we seek to answer whether, and how, suitable moments for interruption can be identified and utilized in a mobile system. We gather and analyze a real-world smartphone data trace and show that users' broader context, including their activity, location, time of day, emotions and engagement, determine different aspects of interruptibility. We then design and implement InterruptMe, an interruption management library for Android smartphones. An extensive experiment shows that, compared to a context-unaware approach, interruptions elicited through our library result in increased user satisfaction and shorter response times.",Context-aware computing | Interruptibility | Machine learning | Mobile sensing,UbiComp 2014 - Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Pejovic, Veljko;Musolesi, Mirco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908936983,10.4324/9780203889312,"The incorporation of time in team research: Past, current, and future",,,Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches,2008-11-20,Book Chapter,"Mohammed, Susan;Hamilton, Katherine;Lim, Audrey",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646189177,10.1017/S135561770808003X,Getting and staying in-pace: The “in-synch” preference and its implications for work groups,"This paper draws from research on the phenomenology of how people experience time to examine how groups internally synchronize their work. We begin by reviewing the current paradigm on group temporal alignment, derived from biological and physical principles of entrainment. We argue that despite its many strengths, the greatest weakness of entrainment-based approaches is that they overlook the experience of the individual group member. Instead, we suggest that pace alignment in work groups stems from the individual-level tendency to prefer the experience of feeling in-pace to that of feeling out-of-pace with other members. We label this the in-synch preference, and assert that it is a core construct for understanding temporal performance in work groups. We then use this construct to examine: (a) the mechanisms that facilitate and motivate intra-group synchronization (i.e. getting in-pace) and (b) the role of pace-aligned coalitions and attributional processing in maintaining synchronization (i.e. staying in-pace). © 2002.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2002-01-01,Article,"Bloun, Sally;Janicik, Gregory A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036659431,10.1080/01972240290075110,Temporal issues in information and communication technology-enabled organizational change: Evidence from an enterprise systems implementation,"In this article we highlight temporal effects in information and communication technology-enabled organizational change. Examples of temporal effects are explored in the context of one organization's efforts to implement an enterprise-wide information system. Temporality is presented as having two aspects, with the first being the well-recognized, linear and measured clock time. The second aspect of time is that which is perceived - often as nonlinear - and socially defined. We find that temporal effects arise both in changes to the structure of work and in differences among groups in how time is perceived. Evidence suggests that both specific characteristics of the implementation and of the enterprise systems' technologies further exacerbate these temporal effects. We conclude with suggestions for how to incorporate a temporally reflective perspective into analysis of technology-enabled organizational change and how a temporal perspective provides insight into both the social and technical aspects of the sociotechnical nature of enterprise systems.",Enterprise systems | ICT | Implementation | IT | Organizational change | Research methods | Sociotechnical systems | Time,Information Society,2002-07-01,Article,"Sawyer, Steve;Southwick, Richard",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902668806,10.21437/speechprosody.2008-132,Research note—awareness displays and social motivation for coordinating communication,"The paper presents results from a production study on the alignment of prenuclear rising accents in East Middle German in which we focus on two research questions: (1) to what extent can an intermediate variety be integrated in the phonetic alignment continuum from south to north as postulated in [2], and (2) to what extent do time pressure factors from the lefthand context influence the stability of tonal alignment. We rearranged the test material used in [2] with respect to unstressed syllables preceding the accented syllable. Our results show that L is aligned earlier in East Middle German than in Northern and Southern German and that left-sided time pressure effects the alignment of L, but not of H.",,"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody, SP 2008",2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kleber, Felicitas;Rathcke, Tamara",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860390042,10.1002/job.777,"So many teams, so little time: Time allocation matters in geographically dispersed teams","Geographically dispersed teams whose members do not allocate all of their time to a single team increasingly carry out knowledge-intensive work in multinational organizations. Taking an attention-based view of team design, we investigate the antecedents and consequences of member time allocation in a multi-level study of 2055 members of 285 teams in a large global corporation, using member survey data and independent executive ratings of team performance. We focus on two distinct dimensions of time allocation: the proportion of members' time that is allocated to the focal team and the number of other teams to which the members allocate time concurrently. At the individual level, we find that time allocation is influenced by members' levels of experience, rank, education, and leader role on the team, as predicted. At the team level, performance is higher for teams whose members allocate a greater proportion of their time to the focal team, but surprisingly, performance is also higher for teams whose members allocate time to a greater number of other teams concurrently. Furthermore, the effects of member time allocation on team performance are contingent on geographic dispersion: the advantages of allocating more time to the focal team are greater for more dispersed teams, whereas the advantages of allocating time to more other teams are greater for less dispersed teams. We discuss the implications for future research on new forms of teams as well as managerial practice, including how to manage geographically dispersed teams with the effects of member time allocation in mind. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",External performance | Multiple team membership | Time allocation | Virtual teams,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2012-04-01,Article,"Cummings, Jonathon N.;Haas, Martine R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72149101522,10.1541/ieejeiss.127.1756,The impact of e-mail communication on organizational life,"There is human error as a common factor of many traffic accidents. This study is aimed at evaluate from a nasal skin thermogram measured with an infrared thermography device about a change of physiology psychological condition of a driver. We measured a time change of difference of temperature of frontlet skin temperature and nasal skin temperature that can measure condition of sympathetic system / parasympathetic system indirectly with the infrared thermography device which can measure in non-contact, low restraint, easily. The experiment measured quantity of physiology from brain waves, a heartbeat, an nasal skin thermogram with the driving simulation problem which made a limit for a driver in time. By performing comparison with quantity of subjectivity, quantity of meandering and driving action quantity and steerage corners to acquire at the same time, we evaluate physiology psychological condition of a driver at the time of driving under the time pressure situation. As a result, by giving time pressure, difference of temperature of frontlet skin temperature and nasal skin temperature showed a change. Greatest temperature displacement became big when raised a degree of difficulty of time pressure.",Driver | Human error | Physiological measuremant | Time pressure stiuation,"IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems",2007-01-01,Article,"Mizuno, Tota;Nozawa, Akio;Tanaka, Hisaya;Ide, Hideto",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34748885568,10.1002/hrdq.1209,Engaging in personal business on the job: Extending the presenteeism construct,"Presenteeism describes the situation when workers are on the job but, because of illness, injury, or other conditions, they are not functioning at peak levels. Although much of the research on presenteeism appears in the medical literature, we argue that presenteeism also occurs when employees go to work but spend a portion of the workday engaging in personal business while on the job, such as e-mailing friends, paying personal bills, or making personal appointments. Results of a Web-based survey of 115 individuals suggest that employees spend approximately one hour and twenty minutes in a typical workday engaged in personal activities, costing their employers an average $8,875 each year in lost productivity per employee. Results suggest that engagement in personal business on the job is not related to self-reported measures of performance, efficiency, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, or intentions to stay, only to procrastination. Implications of these findings for practice and research are discussed.",,Human Resource Development Quarterly,2007-09-01,Article,"D'Abate, Caroline P.;Eddy, Erik R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872385625,10.1287/orsc.1110.0697,How knowledge transfer impacts performance: A multilevel model of benefits and liabilities,"When does knowledge transfer benefit performance? Combining field data from a global consulting firm with an agent-based model, we examine how efforts to supplement one's knowledge from coworkers interact with individual, organizational, and environmental characteristics to impact organizational performance. We find that once cost and interpersonal exchange are included in the analysis, the impact of knowledge transfer is highly contingent. Depending on specific characteristics and circumstances, knowledge transfer can better, matter little to, or even harm performance. Three illustrative studies clarify puzzling past results and offer specific boundary conditions: (1) At the individual level, better organizational support for employee learning diminishes the benefit of knowledge transfer for organizational performance. (2) At the organization level, broader access to organizational memory makes global knowledge transfer less beneficial to performance. (3) When the organizational environment becomes more turbulent, the organizational performance benefits of knowledge transfer decrease. The findings imply that organizations may forgo investments in both organizational memory and knowledge exchange, that wide-ranging knowledge exchange may be unimportant or even harmful for performance, and that organizations operating in turbulent environments may find that investment in knowledge exchange undermines performance rather than enhances it. At a time when practitioners are urged to make investments in facilitating knowledge transfer and collaboration, appreciation of the complex relationship between knowledge transfer and performance will help in reaping benefits while avoiding liabilities. © 2012 INFORMS.",Agent-based model | Consulting | Corporate social media | Exchange | Intranet | Knowledge | Knowledge management | Performance | Professional service firm | Qualitative data | Social network,Organization Science,2012-12-01,Article,"Levine, Sheen S.;Prietula, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036387051,10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00064-5,Managers' propensity to work longer hours: A multilevel analysis,"While there has been renewed interest in the trend toward longer working hours, neither economic nor sociological explanations have been able to fully account for the rapid increase in work hours observed among managers today. This article presents a multilevel framework for understanding under which conditions managers are most likely to increase their work hours. Individual-level factors (e.g., demographic status and personality), job-level factors (e.g., performance appraisal criteria and time and place of hours worked), organizational-level factors (e.g., norms, leadership, and culture), and economic factors (e.g., declining profitability and threat of layoffs) are all considered. The article concludes with potential extensions of the theoretical model presented here and other directions for future research. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Norms | Overtime | Workhours,Human Resource Management Review,2002-01-01,Article,"Feldman, Daniel C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035351883,10.1287/mnsc.47.5.647.10481,Managerial allocation of time and effort: The effects of interruptions,"Time is one of the more salient constraints on managerial behavior. This constraint may be very taxing in high-velocity environments where managers have to attend to many tasks simultaneously. Earlier work by Radner (1976) proposed models based on notions of the thermostat or ""putting out fires"" to guide managerial time and effort allocation among tasks. We link these ideas to the issue of the level of complexity of the tasks to be attended to while alluding to the sequential versus parallel modes of processing. We develop a stochastic model to analyze the behavior of a manager who has to attend to a few short-term processes while attempting to devote as much time as possible to the pursuit of a long-term project. A major aspect of this problem is how the manager deals with interruptions. Different rules of attention allocation are proposed, and their implications to managerial behavior are discussed.",Attention | Controlled Markov Process | Decision Rules | Priority Setting | Satisficing | Thermostat,Management Science,2001-01-01,Article,"Seshadri, Sridhar;Shapira, Zur",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-41549106240,,Work-life research from both sides now: An integrative perspective for organizational and family communication,"This paper reviews three computer mouse studies in our laboratory in which our emphasis was on mechanisms behind computer-related disorders. Our approach was sequentially (i) to determine the validity of a laboratory model for computer mouse use (painting rectangles) for studying musculoskeletal disorders, (ii) to use this model to study time pressure and precision demands on position sense and muscular oxygenation, and (iii) to use this model to determine the effect of pauses (active versus passive) on these parameters. Kinematic data for the painting model showed constrained movements of the wrist similar to that of CAD (computer-aided design) work, a support for its validity for a real-life situation. Changes in forearm oxygenation were associated with time pressure and precision demands, a potential for insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Increasing trends in oxygenation and blood volume were associated with pauses, especially active pauses, a possible explanation for the alleviating effect of discomfort experienced in real-life situations when a pause is implemented.",Forearm | Gender | Near-infrared spectroscopy | Position sense | Proprioception | Review | Subjective fatigue | Wrist kinematics,"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Supplement",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Crenshaw, Albert G.;Lyskov, Eugene;Heiden, Marina;Flodgren, Gerd;Hellström, Fredrik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747625185,10.1177/0950017006066998,The new lumpiness of work: explaining the mismatch between actual and preferred working hours,"This article deals with the puzzle of the well-known gap between actual and preferred working hours (i.e. over-employment). We propose a new explanation based on selective attention in decision making and test it with the Time Competition Survey 2003 which includes information of 1114 employees in 30 Dutch organizations. We find very limited support for the hypotheses that over-employment is caused by restrictions imposed by the employer (traditional lumpiness). Instead, we find much empirical support for our hypothesis on a new form of lumpiness that is related to selective attention and is created by work characteristics of 'post-Fordist' job design. In this work organization, the increased autonomy of workers is leading to an autonomy paradox. We also find evidence of a part-time illusion: under the post-Fordist regime, many part-time employees, who obviously were willing and allowed to reduce their working hours, still end up working more hours than they prefer. Copyright © 2006 BSA Publications Ltd®.",Framing theory | Over-employment | Overtime | Post-Fordist workplace | Social rationality | Working hours,"Work, Employment and Society",2006-01-01,Article,"Van Echtelt, Patricia E.;Glebbeek, Arie C.;Lindenberg, Siegwart M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642272003,10.1177/0093650203261504,Organizational members' communication and temporal experience: Scale development and validation,"This article reports the findings of scale development and validation efforts centered on 10 dimensions of organizational members' temporal experience identified in previous research. Consistent with a community-of-practice perspective, 395 members of five organizational units indicated their agreement with a series of statements regarding the day-to-day words and phrases they use to describe their activities, work-related events, and general timing needs. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the hypothesized enactments of time and construals of time. Organizational members' enactments of time included dimensions relating to flexibility, linearity, pace, precision, scheduling, and separation, and their construals of time included dimensions concerning scarcity, urgency, present time perspective, and future time perspective. A new dimension, delay, was found. Implications for pluri-temporalism in organizations and the study of time in communication are discussed.",Chronemics | Groups | Organizations | Scale | Temporality | Time,Communication Research,2004-01-01,Review,"Ballard, Dawna I.;Seibold, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68949116422,10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01016.x,What health care managers do: applying Mintzberg's structured observation method,"Aim The aim of the present study was to explore and describe what characterizes first- and second-line health care managers' use of time. Background Many Swedish health care managers experience difficulties managing their time. Methods Structured and unstructured observations were used. Ten first- and second-line managers in different health care settings were studied in detail from 3.5 and 4 days each. Duration and frequency of different types of work activities were analysed. Results The individual variation was considerable. The managers' days consisted to a large degree of short activities (<9 minutes). On average, nearly half of the managers' time was spent in meetings. Most of the managers' time was spent with subordinates and <1% was spent alone with their superiors. Sixteen per cent of their time was spent on administration and only a small fraction on explicit strategic work. Conclusions The individual variations in time use patterns suggest the possibility of interventions to support changes in time use patterns. Implications for nursing management A reliable description of what managers do paves the way for analyses of what they should do to be effective. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Health care managers | Leadership and observational studies | Managerial work | Nurse managers | Time use,Journal of Nursing Management,2009-09-01,Article,"Arman, Rebecka;Dellve, Lotta;WikstrÖm, Ewa;TÖrnstrÖm, Linda",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-62949191817,,Time work by overworked professionals: Strategies in response to the stress of higher status,"Regardless of cognitive orientation of increasing importance, most executive support systems (ESS) and other decision support systems (DSSs) focus on providing behavioural support to executives' decisionmaking. In this paper, we suggest that cognitive orientation in information systems is twofold: situation awareness (SA) and mental model. A literature review of SA and mental models from different fields shows that both the two human mental constructs play very important roles in human decision-making, particularly in the naturalistic settings with time pressure, dynamics, complexity, uncertainty, and high personal stakes. Based on a discussion of application problems of present ESSs, a conceptual ESS framework on cognitive orientation is developed. Under this framework, executives' SA and mental models can be developed and enriched, which eventually increases the probability of good decision-making and good performance.",Decision-making | Executive support systems | Mental models | Situation awareness,"ICEIS 2007 - 9th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Proceedings",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Niu, Li;Lu, Jie;Zhang, Guangquan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149525390,10.1177/154193120705101910,The human factors of sustainable building design: post occupancy evaluation of the Philip Merrill Environmental Center,"At border control, it is the personnel's job to identify possible passport fraud, in particular to verify whether the photograph in a travel document matches its bearer. However, as various earlier studies suggest, identity verification from photographs or CCTV is far from accurate. The aim of this study was thus to investigate identity verification at border control. Particularly, we examined the influence of display duration in document verification. Results showed that performance significantly suffered from time restrictions, which stresses the importance of working environments at border control free of time pressure. A second aim was to assess a possible benefit of inversion of the document on identity verification performance, as was suggested by anecdotal evidence from security personnel but clearly contradicts the well known inversion effect in face recognition. Indeed, no such beneficial influence of inversion was found in this study. The results are discussed in terms of application-oriented implications.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Chiller-Glaus, Sarah D.;Schwaninger, Adrian;Hofer, Franziska",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-20344393882,10.1145/1064830.1064832,IT professionals as organizational citizens,"The declining level of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in IT professionals due to lack of awareness of the same at the management hierarchy is discussed. Five types of OCB have been identified such as atlruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, civic virtue, and conscientious. Courtesy behavior of the IT workers is significantly influenced by supervisory trust and indirectly influenced by interactional justice mediated by supervisory trust. Managers must consistently work with IT employees in ways that build trust and confidence in management and engender perceptions of fairness in order to encourage OCB in IT staffs.",,Communications of the ACM,2005-06-01,Review,"Moore, Jo Ellen;Love, Mary Sue",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84990338841,10.1177/1523422302043008,Research methods for theory building in applied disciplines: A comparative analysis,"The problem and the solution. This volume presents an anthology of methods for theory building in applied disciplines. Each chapter has described the assumptions and methods of distinct approaches for developing theory. This chapter takes a collective view of research methods for theory building. Although the theorist can choose from a menu of the methods that have been discussed, certain characteristics of the methods themselves can lead to more productive theorizing depending on the particular research purpose of the theorist. This chapter presents a comparative analysis of research methods for theory building that leads to deeper understanding of the methods and their unique contributions to theoretical knowledge. © 2002, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Advances in Developing Human Resources,2002-01-01,Article,"Torraco, Richard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,Markets for attention: Will postage for email help?,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846968828,10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00689.x,The relationship between task interdependency and role stress: A revisit of the job demands–control model,"Drawing from Karasek's job demands-control model, this study investigated how perceived amount and clarity of interdependency in managers'jobs affect role stress, and the extent to which job control moderates these relationships. Results show that amount of interdependency was positively associated with role conflict, and clarity of interdependency was negatively associated with role ambiguity. There was also support for the job demands-control model as greater job control reduced role ambiguity when clarity of interdependency was low. Although higher job control produced lower role ambiguity when both clarity and amount of interdependency were low, higher job control did not produce lower role ambiguity when clarity of interdependency was low and amount of interdependency was high, suggesting that the buffering value of job control on reducing role stress is contingent on the task interdependencies that managers confront. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007.",,Journal of Management Studies,2007-03-01,Review,"Wong, Sze Sze;DeSanctis, Gerardine;Staudenmayer, Nancy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867640525,10.1177/0956797612442551,Giving time gives you time,"Results of four experiments reveal a counterintuitive solution to the common problem of feeling that one does not have enough time: Give some of it away. Although the objective amount of time people have cannot be increased (there are only 24 hours in a day), this research demonstrates that people's subjective sense of time affluence can be increased. We compared spending time on other people with wasting time, spending time on oneself, and even gaining a windfall of ""free"" time, and we found that spending time on others increases one's feeling of time affluence. The impact of giving time on feelings of time affluence is driven by a boosted sense of self-efficacy. Consequently, giving time makes people more willing to commit to future engagements despite their busy schedules. © The Author(s) 2012.",helping | prosocial behavior | time perception | volunteering | well-being,Psychological Science,2012-01-01,Article,"Mogilner, Cassie;Chance, Zoë;Norton, Michael I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40849093049,10.1145/1328491.1328513,Organizational routines in evolutionary theory,,,Handbook of Organizational Routines,2008-12-01,Book Chapter,"Knudsen, Thorbjørn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960754985,10.1080/19416520.2011.593319,Field research practice in management and organization studies: Reclaiming its tradition of discovery,"This review reasserts field research's discovery epistemology. While it occupies a minority position in the study of organization and management, discovery-oriented research practice has a long tradition of giving insight into new, unappreciated and misappreciated processes that are important to how work is accomplished. I argue that while methods discourse has long emphasized that particularizing data and an emergent research design are productive for discovery, little to no attention has been paid to the conjectural processes necessary to imaginatively interpret these observations. I underscore them. What is the future for discovery work in business schools today? Issues arise when an increasing interest in discovery-oriented research is expressed in an institutional context that is bounded off from field research's home disciplines and is dominated by a validation epistemology. In light of this current context, I offer some initial thoughts on the work to be done to maintain fieldwork's discovery tradition in management and organization studies. © 2011 Academy of Management.",,Academy of Management Annals,2011-06-01,Review,"Locke, Karen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-23844490219,10.1207/s15327051hci2001&2_7,Pricing electronic mail to solve the problem of spam,"Junk e-mail or spam is rapidly choking off e-mail as a reliable and efficient means of communication over the Internet. Although the demand for human attention increases rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of attention hardly changes. Markets are a social institution for efficiently allocating supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also credibly inform recipients about the value of a message to the sender before they read it. This article examines economic approaches to the problem of spam and the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for e-mail causes senders to be more selective and to send fewer messages. However, recipients did not interpret the postage paid by senders as a signal of the importance of the messages. These results suggest that markets for attention have the potential for addressing the problem of spam but their design needs further development and testing. Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2005-08-26,Article,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Telang, Rahul;Morris, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247874248,10.1080/10510970600845974,"The experience of time at work: Relationship to communication load, job satisfaction, and interdepartmental communication","This study examined 393 organizational members' reported communication load, job satisfaction, and interdepartmental communication satisfaction in relation to their experience of time along eleven dimensions—flexibility, linearity, pace, punctuality, delay, scheduling, separation, urgency, scarcity, and future and present time foci. Results indicate that organizational members who experienced their time as more delayed, more flexible, and more oriented toward the future tended to report higher levels of communication load. Additionally, members who characterized their work as more punctual and oriented toward the future were more satisfied with their jobs, while those who experienced work as faster paced were less satisfied. Finally, the organizational members most satisfied with communication among departments reported their work patterns as more linear and more strongly oriented toward the future, while members who reported their work as more delayed were least satisfied with such interdepartmental interactions. © 2006, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Chronemics | Communication | Communication load | Job satisfaction | Temporality | Time,Communication Studies,2006-01-01,Article,"Ballard, Dawna I.;Seibold, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958171115,10.1145/1978942.1979405,"Why do i keep interrupting myself?: environment, habit and self-interruption","Self-interruptions account for a significant portion of task switching in information-centric work contexts. However, most of the research to date has focused on understanding, analyzing and designing for external interruptions. The causes of self-interruptions are not well understood. In this paper we present an analysis of 889 hours of observed task switching behavior from 36 individuals across three high-technology information work organizations. Our analysis suggests that self-interruption is a function of organizational environment and individual differences, but also external interruptions experienced. We find that people in open office environments interrupt themselves at a higher rate. We also find that people are significantly more likely to interrupt themselves to return to solitary work associated with central working spheres, suggesting that self-interruption occurs largely as a function of prospective memory events. The research presented contributes substantially to our understanding of attention and multitasking in context. Copyright 2011 ACM.",Interruption | Multitasking | Self-interruption | Task switching,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Dabbish, Laura;Mark, Gloria;González, Víctor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57649213831,10.1145/1357054.1357069,Communication chains and multitasking,"There is a growing literature on managing multitasking and interruptions in the workplace. In an ethnographic study, we investigated the phenomenon of communication chains, the occurrence of interactions in quick succession. Focusing on chains enable us to better understand the role of communication in multitasking. Our results reveal that chains are prevalent in information workers, and that attributes such as the number of links, and the rate of media and organizational switching can be predicted from the first catalyzing link of the chain. When chains are triggered by external interruptions, they have more links, a trend for more media switches and more organizational switches. We also found that more switching of organizational contexts in communication is associated with higher levels of stress. We describe the role of communication chains as performing alignment in multitasking and discuss the implications of our results. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Communication | Interaction | Multitasking | Workplace,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Su, Norman Makoto;Mark, Gloria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,Get Fat Fast: Surviving Stage‐Gate® in NPD,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954904498,10.1177/1742715010363210,"Spirituality at work, and its implications for leadership and followership: A post-structuralist perspective","Recent years have witnessed a significant growth of interest in spirituality at work (SAW), and in particular in spirituality management and leadership development. This article argues that the literature in the area is replete with paradoxes, many of which may be irresolvable. These revolve around how spirituality is defined, with advocates variously stressing its religious dimensions, usually from a Christian perspective, and others articulating a more secular approach focusing on non-denominational humanistic values. Much of the literature assumes that the values of business leaders reflect unitarist rather than sectional interests. In exploring these contradictions, this article adopts a post-structuralist perspective to argue that SAW seeks to abolish the distinction between people's work-based lives on the one hand, and their personal lives and value systems on the other. Influence is conceived in uni-directional terms: it flows from 'spiritual' and powerful leaders to more or less compliant followers, deemed to be in need of enlightenment, rather than vice versa. It enhances the influence of leaders over followers, on the assumption that stable, consistent and coherent follower identities can be manufactured, capable of facilitating the achievement of leaders' goals. We argue that SAW therefore promotes constricting cultural and behavioural norms, and thus seeks to reinforce the power of leaders at the expense of autonomy for their followers. Rather than encourage leaders to abolish the distinction between the private and public spaces inhabited by followers, in the name of liberation, we conclude that these should be preserved and extended. © The Author(s), 2010.",Leadership and followership | Post-structuralist perspectives | Spirituality at work,Leadership,2010-07-30,Article,"Tourish, Dennis;Tourish, Naheed",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34248328749,10.1145/1229855.1229860,Approaching and leave-taking: Negotiating contact in computer-mediated communication,"A major difference between face-to-face interaction and computer-mediated communication is how contact negotiation - -the way in which people start and end conversations - -is managed. Contact negotiation is especially problematic for distributed group members who are separated by distance and thus do not share many of the cues needed to help mediate interaction. An understanding of what resources and cues people use to negotiate making contact when face-to-face identifies ways to design support for contact negotiation in new technology to support remote collaboration. This perspective is used to analyze the design and use experiences with three communication prototypes: Desktop Conferencing Prototype, Montage, and Awarenex. These prototypes use text, video, and graphic indicators to share the cues needed to gracefully start and end conversations. Experiences with using these prototypes focused on how these designs support the interactional commitment of the participants - -when they have to commit their attention to an interaction and how flexibly that can be negotiated. Reviewing what we learned from these research experiences identifies directions for future research in supporting contact negotiation in computer-mediated communication. © 2007 ACM.",Awareness | Computer-mediated communication | Human-computer interaction | Instant messaging | Interaction design | User research,ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction,2007-05-01,Article,"Tang, John C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247845175,10.1007/s11336-006-1478-z,"Communication‐related organizational structures and work group temporal experiences: the effects of coordination method, technology type, and feedback cycle on …","Current modeling of response times on test items has been strongly influenced by the paradigm of experimental reaction-time research in psychology. For instance, some of the models have a parameter structure that was chosen to represent a speed-accuracy tradeoff, while others equate speed directly with response time. Also, several response-time models seem to be unclear as to the level of parametrization they represent. A hierarchical framework for modeling speed and accuracy on test items is presented as an alternative to these models. The framework allows a ""plug-and-play approach"" with alternative choices of models for the response and response-time distributions as well as the distributions of their parameters. Bayesian treatment of the framework with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) computation facilitates the approach. Use of the framework is illustrated for the choice of a normal-ogive response model, a lognormal model for the response times, and multivariate normal models for their parameters with Gibbs sampling from the joint posterior distribution. © 2007 The Psychometric Society.",Gibbs sampler | Hierarchical modeling | Item-response theory | Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation | Response times | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Psychometrika,2007-09-01,Article,"Van Der Linden, Wim J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-17844373236,10.1518/0018720053653884,Interruption management: The use of attention-directing tactile cues,"Previous research has suggested that providing informative cues about interrupting stimuli aids management of multiple tasks. However, auditory and visual cues can be ineffective in certain situations. The objective of the present study was to explore whether attention-directing tactile cues aid or interfere with performance. A two-group posttest-only randomized experiment was conducted. Sixty-one participants completed a 30-min performance session consisting of aircraft-monitoring and gauge-reading computer tasks. Tactile signals were administered to a treatment group to indicate the arrival and location of interrupting tasks. Control participants had to remember to visually check for the interrupting tasks. Participants in the treatment group responded to more interrupting tasks and responded faster than did control participants. Groups did not differ on error rates for the interrupting tasks, performance of the primary task, or subjective workload perceptions. In the context of the tasks used in the present research, tactile cues allowed participants to effectively direct attention where needed without disrupting ongoing information processing. Tactile cues should be explored in a variety of other visual, interruptladen environments. Potential applications exist for aviation, user-interface design, vigilance tasks, and team environments. Copyright © 2005, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.",,Human Factors,2005-05-01,Article,"Hopp, Pamela J.;Smith, C. A.P.;Clegg, Benjamin A.;Heggestad, Eric D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85052549912,10.1080/00223980.2010.496647,Time management training and perceived control of time at work,"The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of time management training, which was based on psychological theory and research, on perceived control of time, perceived stress, and performance at work. The authors randomly assigned 71 employees to a training group (n = 35) or a waiting-list control group (n = 36). As hypothesized, time management training led to an increase in perceived control of time and a decrease in perceived stress. Time management training had no impact on different performance indicators. In particular, the authors explored the use and the perceived usefulness of the techniques taught. Participants judged the taught techniques as useful, but there were large differences concerning the actual use of the various techniques. Copyright © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",perceived control of time | performance | stress | time management training,Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied,2010-07-01,Article,"Häfner, Alexander;Stock, Armin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036953105,10.1080/03637750216547,"Telecommuting as viewed through cultural lenses: An empirical investigation of the discourses of utopia, identity, and mystery","Prior telecommuting research has focused both on teleworkers without comparison to other employee groups and on pragmatic implications of this work arrangement across organizations. In contrast, this investigation situated telecommuting as a socially constructed process and practice within the context of a specific hybrid (federal agency and private sector) organizational culture. We used Martin's (1992) three cultural lenses as a framework for analyzing in-house and telecommuting employees' discourses. These three cultural lenses illuminated how and why telecommuting functions paradoxically in organizations. In the integration lens, members framed FEDSIM as a coherent, innovative, and ""employee-centric"" Utopian culture. Differentiation subcultures diverged from the telecommuter and in-house distinctions that we anticipated based on previous research. Instead, differentiation discourses revealed complex divisions between promotable and non-promotable employees who adhered to different spatio-temporal orientations toward and definitions of work. Through the fragmentation lens, members' talk coalesced around several mysterious processes of the ways things are supposed to and actually do operate. These findings suggest interventions that can assist leaders and members in capitalizing on telecommuting's unique advantages.",,Communication Monographs,2002-12-01,Review,"Hylmö, Annika;Buzzanell, Patrice M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44849133812,10.17730/humo.66.3.n0u0513p464n6046,Easy money? The demands of crowdfunding work,"Since the 1990s scholars have paid increasing attention to the competing demands of work and family in the US. The result has been a literature that focuses on time, without reference to the content of activities. This article, based on several years of fieldwork with dual career middle class families, explores the activities that drive busyness and those activities undertaken to cope with its effects. The latter include both a set of practices adopted by individuals and longer term efforts to build technological, social, and ideological infrastructures to enable coping. There is thus a tacit work of managing busy everyday lives that is social in nature and salient to anthropology. Copyright © 2007 by the Society for Applied Anthropology.",Busyness | Families | Time pressure | Work,Human Organization,2007-01-01,Article,"Darrah, Charles N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960517712,10.1037/a0022148,Time is tight: how higher economic value of time increases feelings of time pressure.,"The common heuristic association between scarcity and value implies that more valuable things appear scarcer (King, Hicks, & Abdelkhalik, 2009), an effect we show applies to time as well. In a series of studies, we found that both income and wealth, which affect the economic value of time, influence perceived time pressure. Study 1 found that changes in income were associated with changes in perceived time pressure. Studies 2-4 showed that experimentally manipulating time's perceived economic value caused greater feelings of time pressure and less patient behavior. Finally, Study 5 demonstrated that the relationship between income and time pressure was strengthened when participants were randomly assigned to think about the precise economic value of their time. © 2011 American Psychological Association.",Income | Scarcity | Time pressure | Value,Journal of Applied Psychology,2011-07-01,Article,"DeVoe, Sanford E.;Pfeffer, Jeffrey",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645937618,10.1016/S0742-3322(05)22001-6,An emotion-based view of strategic renewal,"This paper challenges the dominantly pessimistic view of emotion held by many strategy scholars and elaborates on the various ways in which emotion can help organizations achieve renewal and growth. I discuss how appropriate emotion management can increase the ability of organizations to realize continuous or radical change to exploit the shifting conditions of their environments. This ability is rooted in developing emotion-based dynamic capabilities that facilitate organizational innovation and change. These emotion-based dynamic capabilities express or arouse distinct emotional states such as authenticity, sympathy, hope, fun, and attachment to achieve specific organizational goals important to strategic renewal, such as receptivity to change, the sharing of knowledge, collective action, creativity, and retention of key personnel. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Advances in Strategic Management,2005-12-01,Review,"Huy, Quy Nguyen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-23044520245,10.1177/105649260092002,"Old insights and new times: Kairos, Inca cosmology, and their contributions to contemporary management inquiry",,,Journal of Management Inquiry,2000-01-01,Article,"Bartunek, Jean M.;Necochea, Raul A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-37849010678,10.1145/1287624.1287674,A socio-technical framework for supporting programmers,"Studies have shown that programmers frequently seek external information during programming, from source code and documents, as well as from other programmers because much of the information remains in the heads of programmers. Programmers therefore often ask other programmers questions to seek information in a timely fashion to carry out their work. This information seeking entails several conflicting factors. From the perspective of the information-seeking programmer, not asking questions degrades productivity. Conversely, asking questions interrupts other programmers and degrades their productivity, and may be frowned upon by peers due to the perceived social inconsideration of the information seeker. From the perspective of the recipients of the question, even though helping is costly, not helping also incurs social costs due to the deviation from social norms. To balance all these factors, this paper proposes the STeP_IN (Socio-Technical Platform for In situ Networking) framework to guide the design of systems that support information seeking during different phases of programming. The framework facilitates access to the information in the heads of other programmers while minimizing the negative impacts on the overall productivity of the team. Copyright 2007 ACM.",Communication | Information acquisition and sharing | Programming support | Socio-technical support,"6th Joint Meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, ESEC/FSE 2007",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Ye, Yunwen;Yamamoto, Yasuhiro;Nakakoji, Kumiyo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34248376542,10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.011,Timing and music,"The response-signal speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) procedure was used to investigate how proactive interference (PI) affects retrieval from working memory. Participants were presented with 6-item study lists, followed immediately by a recognition probe. A variant of a release from PI design was used: All items in a list were from the same semantic category (e.g., fruits), and the category was changed (e.g., tools) after three consecutive trials with the same category. Analysis of the retrieval functions demonstrated that PI decreased asymptotic accuracy and, crucially, also decreased the growth of accuracy over retrieval time, indicating that PI slowed retrieval speed. Analysis of false alarms to recent negatives (lures drawn from the previous study list) and distant negatives (lures not studied for 168+ trials) suggests that PI slowed retrieval by selectively eliminating fast assessments based on familiarity. There was no evidence indicating that PI affected slow processes involved with the recovery of detailed episodic information. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Cue overload | Familiarity and recollection | Memory retrieval | Proactive interference | Speed-accuracy tradeoff procedure | Working memory,Journal of Memory and Language,2007-07-01,Article,"Öztekin, Ilke;McElree, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949707863,10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00390.x,Things to do today...: A daily diary study on task completion at work,"Relatively little is known about how goals in complex jobs are translated into action and how they are completed in real life settings. This study addressed the question to what extent planned work may actually be completed on a daily basis. The completion of daily work goals was studied in a sample of 878 tasks identified by 29 R&D engineers with the help of a daily diary. Multilevel analysis was used to analyse the joint effect of task attributes, perceived job characteristics, and personality attributes on the completion of planned work goals. At the level of task attributes, we found that priority, urgency, and lower importance were related to task completion, and at the individual level, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and time management training. Task completion was not related to task attractiveness, workload, job autonomy, planning, or perceived control of time. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 International Association of Applied Psychology.",,Applied Psychology,2010-04-01,Article,"Claessens, Brigitte J.C.;van Eerde, Wendelien;Rutte, Christel G.;Roe, Robert A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Психология управления совместной деятельностью,"The problems with critical computers on the Russian side of the station and the shuttle's fragile thermal protection system can delay the European Space Agency's (ESA) plan to fly its own main station elements that include the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) and the Columbus laboratory module. The critical command and navigation system crashed on June 13, 2007 as space walking astronauts were trying to retract a seven-year old solar array. The Russian-side computers control the station's reaction control thrusters, which are needed for attitude control when the station's control moment gyros (CMG) are saturated. Mission control Center-Moscow (MCC-M) managed to restart one lane of the three redundant data paths to the Russian Service Module Terminal Computer (TVM) and to the Russian central computer. Loss of Russian-ide computers was joining the ISS partnership and can force an evacuation of the station.",,Aviation Week and Space Technology (New York),2007-06-18,Article,"Morring, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876019080,10.1037/a0031804,Healthy work revisited: do changes in time strain predict well-being?,"Building on Karasek and Theorell (R. Karasek & T. Theorell, 1990, Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life, New York, NY: Basic Books), we theorized and tested the relationship between time strain (work-time demands and control) and seven self-reported health outcomes. We drew on survey data from 550 employees fielded before and 6 months after the implementation of an organizational intervention, the Results Only Work Environment (ROWE) in a white-collar organization. Cross-sectional (Wave 1) models showed psychological time demands and time control measures were related to health outcomes in expected directions. The ROWE intervention did not predict changes in psychological time demands by Wave 2, but did predict increased time control (a sense of time adequacy and schedule control). Statistical models revealed increases in psychological time demands and time adequacy predicted changes in positive (energy, mastery, psychological wellbeing, self-assessed health) and negative (emotional exhaustion, somatic symptoms, psychological distress) outcomes in expected directions, net of job and home demands and covariates. This study demonstrates the value of including time strain in investigations of the health effects of job conditions. Results encourage longitudinal models of change in psychological time demands as well as time control, along with the development and testing of interventions aimed at reducing time strain in different populations of workers. © 2013 American Psychological Association.",Health | Organizational intervention | Psychological time demands | Time adequacy | Time strain,Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2013-04-01,Article,"Moen, Phyllis;Kelly, Erin L.;Lam, Jack",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247474769,,Human resource management in project-based organizations: the HR quadriad framework,"In the present work of exploratory nature we make an approach to the time limitation as a persuasive element in the sales promotions. This time limitation does not only materialize in the fixation of a date from which it is not possible to take part in the promotion, but also the advertiser tries to transmit to the consumers a sensation of scarcity, with the intention of increasing the perceived value of the promotional incentive. Also, we realize an evaluation of the informative level of the promotional advertisings, doing a descriptive analysis for product categories. Finally, the paper concludes with the main conclusions and the propose of lines for further research.",Content analysis | Informative advertisings | Sales promotions,Revista Galega de Economia,2007-01-01,Article,"Alén González, María Elisa;Fraiz Brea, José Antonio;Mazaira Castro, Andrés",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871495619,10.1177/0950017012461837,Not all that it might seem: why job satisfaction is worth studying despite it being a poor summary measure of job quality,"Interest in data on job satisfaction is increasing in both academic and policy circles. One common way of interpreting these data is to see a positive association between job satisfaction and job quality. Another view is to dismiss the usefulness of job satisfaction data, because workers can often express satisfaction with work where job quality is poor. It is argued that this second view has some validity, but that survey data on job satisfaction and subjective well-being at work are informative if interpreted carefully. If researchers are to come to sensible conclusions about the meaning behind job satisfaction data, information about why workers report job satisfaction is needed. It is in the understanding of why workers report feeling satisfied (or dissatisfied) with their jobs that sociology can make a positive contribution. © The Author(s) 2012.",job quality | job satisfaction | subjective well-being,"Work, Employment and Society",2012-01-01,Article,"Brown, Andrew;Charlwood, Andy;Spencer, David A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745465801,10.1108/08858620610672588,Time and the customer relationship management process: conceptual and methodological insights,"Purpose: The concept of time is intrinsically linked to the conceptualization and empirical investigation of organizational processes such as customer relationship management (CRM). The purpose of this paper is to offer conceptual and methodological insights enabling the incorporation of temporal factors in the study of CRM. Design/methodology/approach: A framework toward the integration of time into the study of CRM is proposed and discussed. Findings: This framework, which consists of philosophical, conceptual, methodological and substantive domains, suggests that the locus of time is inherent in the conceptualization and empirical investigation of marketing phenomena. Practical implications: CRM practitioners can emphasize crucial events of the firm-customer relationship, which are likely to be associated with stronger rapport with customers. Originality/value: The paper promotes more explicit thinking about the temporal dimension in relationship marketing. Second, it advances understanding of the CRM process, since buyer-seller relationships are dynamic phenomena that embrace the concept of time. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Buyer-seller relationships | Customer relations,Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing,2006-07-03,Article,"Plakoyiannaki, Emmanuella;Saren, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247351656,,Technology-mediated interruption management,"Various ways to select a valve for having an efficient dispensing system are discussed. Assemblers have a range of different technologies, depending on the type of material and the type of product being built. Most of the industrial dispensing is done using some type of pneumatic valve employing the principle of time-pressure dispensing. The material being dispensed is presented under pressure to a valve where an air pulse, regulated by a programmable, digital controller, activates a piston connected to a stopper. Another valve type is diaphragm valves, which are highly resistant to the effects of sensitive or corrosive fluids, because the diaphragm separates the valve's actuating parts from the material being dispensed. Ball-and-seat type valve is suitable for low- to medium viscosity materials. Another solution for dispensing thicker materials is a poppet-or piston-type valve that opens and closes the dispensing channel. In addition, positive displacement valves and auger valves have also been developed for applications that require extreme precision.",,Assembly,2007-04-01,Article,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947194826,10.1080/09585190601167730,"4 Towards a “Fairer” Conception of Process Fairness: Why, When and How More may not Always be Better than Less",,Overtime | Survey | Telework | Time pressure | Work-home interference | Work-life balance,International Journal of Human Resource Management,2007-03-01,Article,"Peters, Pascale;van der Lippe, Tanja",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84894117311,10.1257/aer.104.2.609,Time allocation and task juggling,"A single worker allocates her time among different projects which are progressively assigned. When the worker works on too many projects at the same time, the output rate decreases and completion time increases according to a law which we derive. We call this phenomenon ""task juggling"" and argue that it is pervasive in the workplace. We show that task juggling is a strategic substitute of worker effort. We then present a model where task juggling is the result of lobbying by clients, or coworkers, each seeking to get the worker to apply effort to his project ahead of the others'. Copyright © 2014 by the American Economic Association.",,American Economic Review,2014-02-01,Article,"Coviello, Decio;Ichino, Andrea;Persico, Nicola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84955066476,10.1007/978-0-387-78213-3_3,Interactive consumer decision aids,,,International Series in Operations Research and Management Science,2008-01-01,Book Chapter,"Murray, Kyle B.;Häubl, Gerald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947413575,,Managing software engineers and their knowledge,,,Telephony,2007-02-19,Note,"Mcelligott, Tim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58449137185,10.1177/0018726708099518,I'm tired': Differential effects of physical and emotional fatigue on workload management strategies,This article integrates self-efficacy theory with decision latitude theory to generate a typology of workload management strategies used by knowledge workers working under conditions of high job demands. We then propose that physical and emotional fatigue should differentially influence usage of these workload management strategies based on anticipated differences in their effects on selfefficacy. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our model with regards to knowledge workers who often face ongoing challenging job demands. Copyright © 2009 The Tavistock Institute ® SAGE Publications.,Burnout | Emotional exhaustion | Fatigue | Job demands | Measuring workload management strategies | Self-efficacy | Workload management strategies,Human Relations,2009-01-01,Article,"Barnes, Christopher M.;Van Dyne, Linn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947676429,10.1017/S1355617707070099,Coordination in teams: Evidence from a simulated management game,"Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) are general-purpose resources that guide cognition and behavior. In this study, the developmental relations between WM and IC were investigated in 96 typically developing children aged 6 to 17 years in an experimental task paradigm using an efficiency metric that combined speed and accuracy performance. The ability to activate and process information in WM showed protracted age-related growth. Performance involving WM and IC together was empirically distinguishable from that involving WM alone. The results indicate that developmental improvements in WM are attributable to increased processing efficiency in activation, suppression, and strategic resource deployment, and that WM and IC are best studied in novel, complex situations that elicit competition among those resources. © 2007 The International Neuropsychological Society.",Child development | Cognitive science | Inhibition | Memory | Prefrontal cortex | Speed-accuracy tradeoff measurement,Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,2007-01-01,Article,"Roncadin, Caroline;Pascual-Leone, Juan;Rich, Jill B.;Dennis, Maureen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34547142185,10.1145/1180875.1180882,Interruptions on software teams: a comparison of paired and solo programmers,"This study explores interruption patterns among software developers who program in pairs versus those who program solo. Ethnographic observations indicate that interruption length, content, type, occurrence time, and interrupter and interruptee strategies differed markedly for radically collocated pair programmers versus the programmers who primarily worked alone. After presenting an analysis of 242 interruptions drawn from more than 40 hours of observation data, we discuss how team configuration and work setting influenced how and when developers handled interruptions. We then suggest ways that CSCW systems might better support pair programming and, more broadly, provide interruption-handling support for workers in knowledge-intensive occupations. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Collaborative work | Ethnography | EXtreme programming | Interruptions | Pair programming,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Chong, Jan;Siino, Rosanne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893189967,10.1080/0969594X.2013.877872,"To rubric or not to rubric? The effects of self-assessment on self-regulation, performance and self-efficacy","The objective of this study was to compare the effects of situations in which self-assessment was conducted using rubrics and situations in which no specific self-assessment tool was used. Two hundred and eighteen third-year pre-service teachers were assigned to either non-rubric or rubric self-assessment for designing a conceptual map. They then assessed their own maps. The dependent variables were self-regulation measured through a questionnaire and an open question on learning strategies use, performance based on an expert-assigned score, accuracy comparing self-scores with the expert's scores and task stress using one self-reported item. The results showed that the rubric group reported higher learning strategies use, performance and accuracy. However, the rubric group also reported more problems coping with stress and higher performance/avoidance self-regulation that was detrimental to learning. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.",accuracy | formative assessment | rubric | self-assessment | self-regulation,"Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice",2014-01-01,Article,"Panadero, Ernesto;Romero, Margarida",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749684676,10.1016/j.aos.2005.12.007,The accounting of “The Meeting”: Examining calculability within a “Fluid” local space,"This study traces events in an empirical setting where a key local space, ""The Meeting"", was made calculable. Building on field data from interviews and documentary sources at ABB Industry/Finland, the study theorizes in the interpretive genre, elaborating on the notion of the calculable space. It argues the following: Accounting can be extended into un-formalized and more elusive local spaces - into ""fluid"" spaces which are not clearly mapped within the organizational hierarchy, and which lie beyond recognized responsibility units or physically distinct cells at the factory floor. By opening visibility into the discretion of these ""fluid"" local spaces, a tighter alignment between programmatic ideals and real action at the organizational grass-root can be achieved. Self-devised non-financial measurement, mediating local tensions and the interests of ""autonomous"" actors, becomes the technology of government in this process of normalization - which is, however, not to be acknowledged as being unproblematic. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,"Accounting, Organizations and Society",2006-11-01,Article,"Vaivio, J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-63849174912,10.1177/0891243208331320,Post-Fordist work: A man's world? Gender and working overtime in the Netherlands,"There is debate about whether the post-Fordist or high-performance work organization can overcome the disadvantages women encounter in traditional gendered organizations. Some authors argue that substituting a performance logic for control by the clock offers opportunities for combining work and family life in a more natural way. Critics respond that these organizational reforms do not address the nonresponsibility of firms for caring duties at a more fundamental level. The authors address this debate through an analysis of overtime work, using data from a survey of 1,114 employees in 30 Dutch organizations. The findings reveal that post-Fordist work is associated with more overtime hours than traditional forms of work and that far from challenging gendered organization, it reproduces and exacerbates the traditional male model of work. © 2009 Sociologists for Women in Society.",Flexibility | Gendered organizations | Post-Fordist work | Working hours,Gender and Society,2009-01-01,Article,"Van Echtelt, Patricia;Glebbeek, Arie;Lewis, Suzan;Lindenberg, Siegwart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33751543723,10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.096,Learning to work together: Collaboration between authorities in economic-crime investigation,"The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that is associated with action monitoring and error detection. The present study addressed the question whether or not an ERN occurs after verbal error detection, e.g., during phoneme monitoring. We obtained an ERN following verbal errors which showed a typical decrease in amplitude under severe time pressure. This result demonstrates that the functioning of the verbal self-monitoring system is comparable to other performance monitoring, such as action monitoring. Furthermore, we found that participants made more errors in phoneme monitoring under time pressure than in a control condition. This may suggest that time pressure decreases the amount of resources available to a capacity-limited self-monitor thereby leading to more errors. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",ERN | Phoneme monitoring | Speech production | Time pressure | Verbal self-monitoring,Brain Research,2006-12-13,Article,"Ganushchak, Lesya Y.;Schiller, Niels O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847741413,10.1109/ADC.2005.40,Social behaviors on XP and non-XP teams: a comparative study,"This is an ethnographic study of two software development teams within the same organization, one which utilizes the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology and one which does not. This study compares the work routines and work practices of the software developers on the XP team and the non-XP team. Observed behavior suggests that certain features of the XP methodology lead to greater uniformity in work routine and work practice across individual team members. The data also suggest that the XP methodology makes awareness development and maintenance less effortful on a software development team. © 2005 IEEE.",,Proceedings - AGILE Confernce 2005,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Chong, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896363868,10.1111/ntwe.12025,New new technologies: the future and the present of work in information and communication technology,"This paper outlines a selection of technological and organisational developments in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector and analyses their likely challenges for workers and trade unions around the globe. It addresses the convergence of telecommunications and information technology, the related developments of ubiquitous computing, 'clouds' and 'big data', and the possibilities of crowdsourcing and relates these technologies to the last decades' patterns of value chain restructuring. The paper is based on desk research of European and international sources, on sector analyses and technology forecasts by, for instance, the European Union and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and some national actors. These prognoses are analysed through the lens of recent research into ICT working environments and ICT value chains, identifying upcoming and ongoing challenges for both workers and unions, and outlining possible research perspectives. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",Globalisation | ICT | Restructuring | Technology | Unions | Virtual work,"New Technology, Work and Employment",2014-01-01,Article,"Holtgrewe, Ursula",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650027384,10.1145/1316624.1316686,Unpacking the social dimension of external interruptions,"The paper systematically explores the social dimension of external interruptions of human activities. Interruptions and interruption handling are key issues in human-computer interaction (HCI) and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) research. However, existing research has almost exclusively dealt with effects of interruptions on individual tasks. In this paper we call for expanding the scope of analysis by including the effect of interruptions on the social context. We identify four facets of the social 'ripple effect' of interruptions: location, communication, collaboration, and interpersonal relation. We discuss the advantages of extending the notion of interruptions and its implications for future research. © 2007 ACM.",Collaboration | Communication | Interpersonal relation | Interruptee | Interrupter | Interruptions | Location | Social context,GROUP'07 - Proceedings of the 2007 International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harr, Rikard;Kaptelinin, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34249743784,10.1177/0018726707079199,Restructuring time: Implications of work-hours reductions for the working class,"This article examines the implications for working-class employees of reducing work hours, specifically when over time is cur tailed in hourly jobs. Much of the literature on work/life balance recommends a reduction in hours for professional employees. We find that the income from over time hours solves a host of work/family problems for working-class employees, ranging from the basic need to 'make ends meet' to the more hidden strains of caring for extended families and dealing with divorce, illness, and addiction. Effor ts to reduce hours will be met with resistance not relief. Our depiction of working-class concerns helps the work/family literature to move beyond a focus on professionals and to tackle tough trade-offs regarding livelihood and quality of life. Copyright © 2007 The Tavistock Institute ® SAGE Publications.",Change | Class | Hours | Resistance | Time | Work/family,Human Relations,2007-05-01,Article,"Lautsch, Brenda A.;Scully, Maureen A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869870657,10.1016/j.cpa.2012.02.001,Financialization as a strategy of workplace control in professional service firms,"Recently, there has been an increased focus on finance as a form of control in corporations. In this paper, we explore financialization as an employee control strategy in a Big Four accountancy firm, and more specifically how it affects the everyday lives of the professionals within the firm. We found financialization involved attempts to transform employees working lives into an investment activity where work was experienced as 'billable hours' that are 'invested' in the hope of a high future pay-off. Employees sought to increase the value of their investment by skilful manipulation. If wisely managed, this investment could yield significant benefits in the future. We argue that financialization involves active employee participation and is a way of binding other forms of control together. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.",Accounting firms | Financialization | Management control | Performance management | Public interest,Critical Perspectives on Accounting,2012-12-01,Article,"Alvehus, Johan;Spicer, André",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59249095694,10.1145/1409635.1409667,Plastic: a metaphor for integrated technologies,"Ubiquitous computing research has recently focused on 'busyness' in American households. While these projects have generated important insights into coordination and communication, we think they overlook the more spontaneous and opportunistic activities that surround and support the scheduled ones. Using data from our mixed-methods study of notebook and ultra-mobile PC use, we argue for a different perspective based on a metaphor of 'plastic'. 'Plastic' captures the way technologies, specifically computers, have integrated into the heterogeneous rhythms of daily life. Plastic technologies harmonize with and support daily life by filling opportunistic gaps, shrinking and expanding until interrupted, not demanding conscious coordination, supporting multitasking, and by deferring to external contingencies. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Attention | Busyness | Personal computers | Plastic | Temporality,UbiComp 2008 - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Rattenbury, Tye;Nafus, Dawn;Anderson, Ken",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56549094347,10.1007/s00397-006-0116-0,The mythos of engineering culture: A study of communicative performances and interaction,"Rheological characterizations were carried out for two polystyrenes. One was a linear polymer with Mw=222,000 g/mol and Mw/Mn=2, while the other was a randomly branched polystyrene with Mw=678,000 g/mol and a broad molecular weight distribution. Experiments performed included oscillatory shear to determine the storage and loss moduli as functions of frequency and temperature, viscosity as a function of shear rate and pressure, and multi-angle light scattering to determine the radius of gyration as a function of molecular weight. The presence of branching in one sample was clearly revealed by the radius of gyration and the low-frequency portion of the complex viscosity curve. Data are also shown for three polyethylene copolymers, one (LLDPE) made using a Ziegler catalyst and two made using metallocene catalysts, one (BmPE) with and one (LmPE) without long-chain branching (LCB). While the distribution of comonomer is known to be much more uniform in LmPE than in LLDPE, the pressure shift factors were the same for these two polymers. The pressure and temperature shift factors of the two polystyrenes were identical, but, in the case of polyethylene, the presence of a small amount of LCB in the BmPE had a definite effect on the shift factors. These observations are discussed in terms of the relative roles of free volume and thermal activation in the effects of temperature and pressure. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.",Long-chain branching | Pressure effect | Shift factor | Temperature effect | Viscosity,Rheologica Acta,2006-12-01,Article,"Park, Hee Eon;Dealy, John;Münstedt, Helmut",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44449161478,,Exploring the interactive effect of time control and justice perception on job attitudes,"Distributed teamwork is not without its difficulties. The detrimental aspects of geographical dispersion of team members on effective teamwork are often invoked to justify reluctance ""to go virtual"", despite the fact that for some tasks, and under some conditions, distributed environments may be as good as, or perhaps even better than, meeting face-to-face. To test this assertion we compared radio communication and a more sophisticated communication environment to colocated face-to-face meetings on a collaborative planning task. The planning task required 36 dyads, working under low or high time-pressure conditions, to combine information and to produce a written plan. Our results confirm the detrimental effects of time pressure on the quality of collaborative planning and support the notion that distributed teams can produce work that is as good as work produced in face-to-face meetings.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Van Der Kleij, Rick;Rasker, Peter C.;Lijkwan, Jameela T.E.;De Dreu, Carsten K.W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955232130,10.1016/j.chb.2009.12.009,Managing perceived communication failures with affordances of ICTs,"Affordances of information communication technology (ICT) are often thought to influence communicators' usage of a communication technology. This is not surprising since ICTs vary on different dimensions; some ICTs may impose constraints while others afford certain resources. Despite the widespread usage of ICTs in the workplace, we are still not clear about how affordances of ICTs support communicators during ICT-supported interaction. This exploratory study aims to understand the relationship between affordances of ICTs and perceived communication failures (i.e. low, moderate, high). Data for this research was collected from a leading global IT consulting company. We found strong association between affordances of ICT and perceived communication failures. In particular, we found that textual and audio affordances were used to manage high perceived communication failures. Additionally, we were able to identify the core and tangential affordances of ICTs that were useful to help organization communicators enhance their communication competence and reduce potential communication failures. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Affordances | Communication failures | Computer-mediated communication | Human perception | ICT use | Organizational communication,Computers in Human Behavior,2010-07-01,Article,"Lee, Chei Sian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548683703,10.5210/fm.v12i8.1973,Infomania: Why we can't afford to ignore it any longer,"The combination of e-mail overload and interruptions is widely recognized as a major disrupter of knowledge worker productivity and quality of life, yet few organizations take serious action against it. This paper makes the case that this action should be a high priority, by analyzing the severe impact of the problem in both qualitative and quantitative terms. We attempt to provide sufficient supporting data from the scientific literature and from corporate surveys to enable change agents to make the case and convince their organizations to authorize such action. Copyright © 2007, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.",,First Monday,2007-08-06,Article,"Zeldes, Nathan;Sward, David;Louchheim, Sigal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863489948,10.1016/j.infsof.2012.04.002,"Impact of physical ambiance on communication, collaboration and coordination in agile software development: An empirical evaluation","Context: Communication, collaboration and coordination are key enablers of software development and even more so in agile methods. The physical environment of the workspace plays a significant role in effective communication, collaboration, and coordination among people while developing software. Objective: In this paper, we have studied and further evaluated empirically the effect of different constituents of physical environment on communication, coordination, and collaboration, respectively. The study aims to provide a guideline for prospective agile software developers. Method: A survey was conducted among software developers at a software development organization. To collect data, a survey was carried out along with observations, and interviews. Results: It has been found that half cubicles are 'very effective' for the frequency of communication. Further, half cubicles were discovered 'effective' but not 'very effective' for the quality/effectiveness of communication. It is found that half-height cubicles and status boards are 'very effective' for the coordination among team members according to the survey. Communal/discussion space is found to be 'effective' but not 'very effective' for coordination among team members. Our analysis also reveals that half-height glass barriers are 'very effective' during the individuals problem-solving activities while working together as a team. Infact, such a physically open environment appears to improve communication, coordination, and collaboration. Conclusion: According to this study, an open working environment with only half-height glass barriers and communal space plays a major role in communication among team members. The presence of status boards significantly help in reducing unnecessary communication by providing the required information to individuals and therefore, in turn reduce distractions a team member may confront in their absence. As communication plays a significant role in improving coordination and collaboration, it is not surprising to find the effect of open working environment and status boards in improving coordination and collaboration. An open working environment increases the awareness among software developers e.g. who is doing what, what is on the agenda, what is taking place, etc. That in turn, improves coordination among them. A communal/discussion space helps in collaboration immensely. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Agile software development | Collaboration | Communication | Coordination | Physical settings,Information and Software Technology,2012-10-01,Article,"Mishra, Deepti;Mishra, Alok;Ostrovska, Sofiya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247846273,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17003-5,Saying 'Good morning'in the night: The reversal of work time in global ICT service work,"Workplace temporalities are being reshaped under globalization. Some scholars argue that work time is becoming more flexible, de-territorializing, and even disappearing. I provide an alternative picture of what is happening to work time by focusing on the customer service call center industry in India. Through case studies of three firms, and interviews with 80 employees, managers, and officials, I show how this industry involves a ""reversal"" of work time in which organizations and their employees shift their schedules entirely to the night. Rather than liberation from time, workers experience a hyper-management, rigidification, and re-territorialization of temporalities. This temporal order pervades both the physical and virtual tasks of the job, and has consequences for workers' health, families, future careers, and the wider community of New Delhi. I argue that this trend is prompted by capital mobility within the information economy, expansion of the service sector, and global inequalities of time, and is reflective of an emerging stratification of employment temporalities across lines of the Global North and South. © 2007.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Rebecca Poster, Winifred",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859600845,10.1080/13668803.2011.609661,Motives for flexible work arrangement use,"This study investigated employees' motives for using two types of flexible work arrangements (FWA), flextime and flexplace. Using a sample of workers with high job flexibility (university academics), we examined both the prevalence of different motives (life management and work-related) and how these motives vary according to several individual differences (gender, family responsibility, marital status, and work-nonwork segmentation preferences). Overall, results indicated that employees are more driven to use FWA by work-related motives than by life management motives. Those with greater family responsibilities and those married/living with a partner were more likely to endorse life management motives, whereas individuals with greater segmentation preferences were more motivated to use FWA by workrelated motives. Findings regarding gender were contrary to expectations based on traditional gender roles, as there were no gender differences in life management motives but women more highly endorsed work-related motives than did men. The main implications of the findings are that individuals recognize FWA as not only a work-family policy, but also as a potential means to increase productivity. Individual differences relate to why workers use available flexible policies. Additional theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",flexible work arrangements | flexplace | flextime | motives | segmentation,"Community, Work and Family",2012-05-01,Article,"Shockley, Kristen M.;Allen, Tammy D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748697631,10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.020,The new knowledge workers,"We have developed a two-lever choice reaction-time (RT) task to investigate the behavioral and neural mechanisms of stimulus-response compatibility in rats. In the task, the rat pressed two levers with its forepaws during the preparation period of each trial, and then quickly responded to an air-puff stimulus on its left or right forepaw by releasing the lever on the same side (compatible condition) or the opposite side (incompatible condition) of the stimulus. Twenty rats successfully learned the task in both the compatible and incompatible conditions. Two stimulus-response compatibility effects were observed: the RT was shorter and the error rate was lower in the compatible condition than in the incompatible condition. The trial sequence also affected the results and a speed-accuracy tradeoff was observed. These results are consistent with those reported for human RT tasks. Furthermore, a lesion in the forepaw-sensorimotor cortex caused increases in the RTs for stimulus detection and/or response movement with the contralateral forepaw, suggesting that the task was mediated by this brain area. We conclude that this instrumental task for rats can be regarded as a model for human RT tasks and can be used to investigate the neural basis of the compatibility effects. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cortical lesion | Learning | Response time | Reverse task | Sequential effect | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Behavioural Brain Research,2006-11-01,Article,"Kaneko, Hidekazu;Tamura, Hiroshi;Kawashima, Takahiro;Suzuki, Shinya S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36148938339,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06005-5,Perceptions of time in work groups: Do members develop shared cognitions about their temporal demands?,"Achieving temporal synchronization may require that work groups develop shared cognitions about the time-related demands they face. We investigated the extent to which group members developed shared cognitions with respect to the three temporal perceptions: time orientation (present vs. future), time compression, and time management (scheduling and time management). We argue that group members are more likely to align their perceptions to temporal characteristics of the group or organizational context (e.g. time compression, scheduling, proper time allocation) rather than to each other's individual time orientations. Survey data collected from 104 work groups are largely consistent with these expectations. The implications of shared cognitions on time for work group functioning and performance are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Bartel, Caroline A.;Milliken, Frances J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349556032,10.1002/hfm.20164,"Effective communication, collaboration, and coordination in eXtreme Programming: Human‐centric perspective in a small organization","Effective communication, collaboration, and coordination are important contributing factors in achieving success in agile software development projects. The significance of the workplace environment and tools are immense in effective communication, collaboration, and coordination among people performing software development. In this article, we study how the workplace environment and the effective use of tools like whiteboards, status boards, and so forth for exchanging information improved communication, collaboration, and coordination without compromising the ability to do individual work by developers in a small-scale software development organization. Based on experience and an extensive literature review of communication, collaboration, coordination, and the significance of these in the workplace environment, a survey questionnaire was developed to collect data and observe the effect of these in a small software development organization. Our study indicated appropriate workspace environment has a positive effect on communication, collaboration, and coordination in small organizations developing software using eXtreme Programming (XP). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",,Human Factors and Ergonomics In Manufacturing,2009-10-05,Article,"Mishra, Deepti;Mishra, Alok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749540375,10.1177/160940690400300303,"Telos, chronos, and hermēneia: The role of metanarrative in leadership effectiveness through the production of meaning","In this article, we argue for the existence of a relationship between metanarrative and leadership effectiveness that is mediated by personal meaning. After analyzing the relevant literatures, we present a model that attributes this relationship to the capacity of metanarrative to produce meaning through the interpretive frames of Telos (teleological context), Chronos (historical-narrative context), and Hermēneia (interpretive context). We begin with a review of the leadership effectiveness literature followed by a discussion of the theoretical foundations of the concepts of meaning and metanarrative. From this review, we derive a set of propositions that describe the nature of the interrelationships among the constructs of interest and present a theoretical model that captures the proposed relationships. We conclude by suggesting several streams of research designed to evaluate the proposed model and with recommendations for further study.",constructivism | interpretivism | life stories | meaning | narrative,International Journal of Qualitative Methods,2004-09-01,Article,"Irving, Justin A.;Klenke, Karin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747468994,10.1108/13620430610683061,Profiles of workaholism among high-tech managers,"Purpose - To explore whether workaholism seems to be a pre-requisite for success in the high-technology industry. Design/methodology/approach - Survey results from a team of fourteen managers are used as a case study, to examine tendencies believed to relate to workaholism. A variety of cross comparisons are presented as scatter plots to frame the discussion, along with composite profiles of individual managers. Findings - While some of the managers seemed to represent the archetypal workaholic, some were quite the opposite. Others classified as either moderate or at-risk. Research limitations/implications - Study took place within one company and using measures taken within a relatively short time span of several months. Statistical comparisons were not possible with a group of 14. The management group was exclusively male, eliminating any potential for gender comparisons. Practical implications - These managers had proven success within the same company and a high demand industry. Yet some did not display workaholic characteristics, refuting the idea that a demanding and fast-paced environment requires one must be a workaholic to succeed. Originality/value - Multiple measurement scales are used to develop composite profiles based on various aspects suggesting workaholism. This is an important examination of differences among managers within a context often cited as supporting, or perhaps requiring, workaholic tendencies. These examples indicate that employees need not sacrifice all else for work in order to get ahead. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Addiction | Managers | Workaholism,Career Development International,2006-08-25,Article,"Porter, Gayle",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845300212,10.1002/sdr.344,Balancing work: bidding strategies and workload dynamics in a project‐based professional service organisation,"Project-based professional service organisations supply tailored, one-off projects to individual clients. Specific types of client relationships and the non-routine, creative nature of work combine to make management of these businesses particularly demanding. A common challenge is managing resources across a fluctuating workload. It is usually assumed that external dynamics dictate workload and the scope to manage resources. Firms often accept these conditions believing that there is little they can do to moderate fluctuations. This paper examines the internal causes of workload fluctuation showing that approaches to acquiring work can create significant future problems. A system dynamics model is developed to explore resource deployment and the interaction between business and project processes. We find that it is possible to make a significant difference to workload fluctuations and resourcing if internal factors are considered and managed. The paper concludes by showing that a bidding strategy using staff not currently engaged in project work is superior to having a dedicated work acquisition department as long as the project pipeline and resource requirements are properly considered. In some circumstances, firms are better to do nothing, leaving staff idle, than to bid for and win new work. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2006-09-01,Article,"Bayer, Steffen;Gann, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880319955,10.5465/amj.2010.0927,Making the most of structural support: Moderating influence of employees' clarity and negative affect,"We investigated structural support as a work design characteristic potentially enabling employee effectiveness in demanding contexts, proposing that structural support enhances job and role outcomes for employees but that effects depend on both the outcome under consideration (job vs. role) and the employees themselves. We tested hypotheses in a within-persons quasi-experiment in which 48 hospital doctors carried out their work with and without structural support. Structural support had positive effects on perceived core job performance, and these effects were stronger for individuals with higher clarity about others' work roles, suggesting that individuals can better mobilize available support when clear about how to allocate it. Support was also associated with improved role outcomes although, consistently with conservation of resources theory, effects differed with affect. For individuals with higher negative work affect, structural support was associated with lowered perceived role overload (a resource protection mechanism). For individuals with lower negative work affect, support was associated with higher perceived skill utilization and proactive work behavior (a resource accumulation mechanism). We approach social support at work in a novel way, extend relational approaches to work design, and show the value of considering both job and role outcomes in work redesign research. © Academy of Management Journal.",,Academy of Management Journal,2013-06-01,Article,"Parker, Sharon K.;Johnson, Anya;Collins, Catherine;Nguyen, Helena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036155612,10.1016/S1471-7727(01)00013-6,Reframing the infomated household-workplace,"'Reframing', a managerial tool for understanding organizational complexity (Bolman & Deal, 1997), is applied to Australian households that possess a large amount of information and communication technology (ICT). Applying reframing to interviews conducted in households indicates that major changes, including some contradictory changes, are occurring as a result of adopting ICT and home-based working. Viewed through the structural frame, boundaries between work and home are blurring, while simultaneously attempts are being made to reinforce the separation of these activities. The human resource frame indicates ICT is improving communication, convenience and recreation, but hampering relationships and increasing interference and distractions. Looked at through the political frame, power shifts and new ICT-related conflicts occur, but members are also empowered by having their own ICTs to achieve individual goals. Finally, symbolism arises from the very presence of ICT and work activities in the home, enabling the emergence of dual identities, 'household' and 'workplace'. The findings are discussed in the context of contradictory organizational consequences of ICT reported in other situations. In relation to remote working, it is suggested that the household is a vital third element, in addition to the employer and employee, and that reframing can be used by those considering home-based working, to help them understand the likely impacts on their household and to facilitate the transition to home-based working. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Contradictory impacts | Home based work | Household | Information and communication technology | Organizational change | Reframing | Remote working | Virtual organization,Information and Organization,2002-02-05,Article,"Avery, G. C.;Baker, E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746810025,10.3139/120.100744,Managing knowledge in the construction industry,"To realise product development in shorter and shorter times and with the highest quality, release with the manufacturers a rising time pressure and cost pressure. Under these requirements FEA and simulation calculations take a dominant role for the security of the load corresponding component engineering and dimensioning. As input values reproduceable, reliable data and information are necessary for the fatigue strength behaviour, which are quick available and uniform represented. The contribution introduces outgoing from the requirements relevant for practise for the life prediction and the role of the fatigue strength a complex material database with a fatigue strength behaviour module. © Carl Hanser Verlag.",,Materialpruefung/Materials Testing,2006-01-01,Article,"Geißler, Gottfried",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746368370,10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.013,Organizational space/time: From imperfect panoptical to heterotopian understanding,"The basic psychophysical principle of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) has been used to understand key aspects of neuronal information processing in vision and audition, but the principle of SAT is still debated in olfaction. In this study we present the direct observation of SAT in olfaction. We developed a behavioral paradigm for mice in which both the duration of odorant sampling and the difficulty of the odor discrimination task were controlled by the experimenter. We observed that the accuracy of odor discrimination increases with the duration of imposed odorant sampling, and that the rate of this increase is slower for harder tasks. We also present a unifying picture of two previous, seemingly disparate experiments on timing of odorant sampling in odor discrimination tasks. The presence of SAT in olfaction provides strong evidence for temporal integration in olfaction and puts a constraint on models of olfactory processing. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",SYSNEURO,Neuron,2006-08-03,Article,"Rinberg, Dmitry;Koulakov, Alexei;Gelperin, Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58449110919,10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00434.x,Control and anticipation of social interruptions: Reduced stress and improved task performance,"Social interruptions are frequent occurrences that often have distressing consequences for employees, yet little research has gauged their effect on individuals. Participants were exposed to 2 social interruptions as they engaged in a computer task with an accepted performance goal. Participants who were able to anticipate social interruptions performed significantly better than did those who could not anticipate them. Participants who had the opportunity to prevent interruptions reported significantly less stress than those who did not have this opportunity. This reduction in stress resulted even when participants did not take advantage of this opportunity. Implications for job performance and job satisfaction are discussed. Organizational strategies for how leaders can help employees manage social interruptions are suggested. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",,Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2009-01-01,Article,"Carton, Andrew M.;Aiello, John R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748499349,10.1177/0266242606067276,A multiparadigmatic perspective of strategy: A case study of an ethnic family firm,"Research into family businesses has a long history of lacking theoretical underpinnings, especially with respect to strategy. Moreover, the family of the firms in question has frequently been assumed to be Anglo-Saxon, unless the family business of an ethnic minority has been the specific subject of the research. This article broadens the prevailing discourse by studying the strategic affinities of an ethnic family firm in the context of Whittington's (1993) framework, which proposed four approaches to the study of business strategy. The subject of this study, GOF, is a medium-sized family firm controlled by a South Asian family specializing in the wholesale distribution of ethnic foods and drinks in the UK. The management of this firm believes that its successful firm (of 35 years standing) has never had a strategy. However, a multiparadigmatic examination of the narrative of this family business reveals that there are several ways in which to gain an understanding of business strategy in medium-sized family firms. Copyright © 2006 SAGE Publications.",Case study | Ethnicity | Family firm | Qualitative | Small-business | South Asian | Strategy | Strategy paradigms,International Small Business Journal,2006-10-01,Article,"Bhalla, Ajay;Henderson, Steven;Watkins, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858166700,10.1145/2145204.2145345,All-for-one and one-for-all?: a multi-level analysis of communication patterns and individual performance in geographically distributed software development,"It is well established that distributed software projects benefit from informal communication. However, it is less clear how patterns of informal communication impact the performance of the individual developers. In a study of communication networks in a large commercial software project, we found that individuals performed better when they were central within a team's communication network but their performance worsened if they were central within the communication for the whole project. On the other hand, individuals embedded in a dense communication cluster at the team and at the project level perform better than those who were not embedded. The effects for both network positions were maintained even after controlling for formal role, individual differences in communication, workload and other factors that drive communication. We discuss the implications of the results for intra- and inter-team communication and for the inclusion of network structure into the design of collaborative and awareness tools. © 2012 ACM.",centrality | closure | communication | coordination | geographically distrubuted software development | social network analysis,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2012-03-19,Conference Paper,"Ehrlich, Kate;Cataldo, Marcelo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548234162,10.1145/1188835.1188849,JASPER: an Eclipse plug-in to facilitate software maintenance tasks,"Recent research has shown that developers spend significant amounts of time navigating around code. Much of this time is spent on redundant navigations to code that the developer previously found. This is necessary today because existing development environments do not enable users to easily collect relevant information, such as web pages, textual notes, and code fragments. JASPER is a new system that allows users to collect relevant artifacts into a working set for easy reference. These artifacts are visible in a single view that represents the user's current task and allows users to easily make each artifact visible within its context. We predict that JASPER will significantly reduce time spent on redundant navigations. In addition, JASPER will facilitate multitasking, interruption management, and sharing task information with other developers. © 2006 ACM.",Concerns | Eclipse | Natural programming | Programmer efficiency | Programming environments,"Proceedings of the 2006 OOPSLA Workshop on Eclipse Technology eXchange, ETX 2006",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Coblenz, Michael J.;Ko, Andrew J.;Myers, Brad A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745844855,10.1016/j.visres.2005.12.015,Synchronous broadcast messaging: the use of ICT,"IBM Community Tools (ICT) is a synchronous broadcast messaging system in use by a very large, globally distributed organization. ICT is interesting for a number of reasons, including its scale of use (thousands of users per day), its usage model of employing large scale broadcast to strangers to initiate small group interactions, and the fact that it is a synchronous system used across multiple time zones. In this paper we characterize the use of ICT in its context, examine the activities for which it is used, the motivations of its users, and the values they derive from it. We also explore problems with the system, and look at the social and technical ways in which users deal with them. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Broadcast messaging | Chat | CMC | CSCW | IM | Instant messaging | Social computing,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2006-07-17,Conference Paper,"Weisz, Justin D.;Erickson, Thomas;Kellogg, Wendy A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Hot spots: Why some companies buzz with energy and innovation-and others don't,"The various stages of high-stakes troubleshooting in nuclear power plant are discussed. When a plant goes down, pressure is mounted on the troubleshooter. The 'think first, act later' approach pays off in troubleshooting. A major obstacle to successful problem solving under time pressure is failing to identify the one problem that needs to be solved. Before problem analysis begins, team members agree on an accurate, specific statement of a single, top-priority problem. The next stage of the troubleshooting is the right questions and right answers. Whenever possible, check, double-check and triple-check the facts people provide and identify those employees who have been around the longest and have the most reliable memory. Information is gathered in an orderly, step-by-step sequence when the team uses the same process. The importance of having right people is also stressed as it often takes less than one hour to create a problem specification and test possible causes.",,"Power Engineering (Barrington, Illinois)",2006-06-01,Article,"Edelman, Geoff",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855698276,10.1007/s10796-010-9242-4,You've got email! Does it really matter to process emails now or later?,"Email consumes as much as a quarter of knowledge workers' time in organizations today. Almost a necessity for communication, email does interrupt a worker's other main tasks and ultimately leads to information overload. Though issues such as spam, email filtering and archiving have received much attention from industry and academia, the critical problem of the timing of email processing has not been studied much. It is common for many knowledge workers to check and respond to their email almost continuously. Though some emails may require very quick responses, checking emails almost continuously may lead to interruptions in regular knowledge work. Managing email processing can make a significant difference in an organization's productivity. Previous research on this topic suggests that perhaps the best way to minimize the effect of interruptions is to process email frequently for example, every 45 min. In this study, we focus on studying email response timing approaches to optimize the communication times and yet reduce the interruptive effects. We investigate previous recommendations by performing a twophase study involving rigorous simulation experiments. Models were developed for identifying efficient and effective email processing policies by comparing various ways to reduce interruptions for different types of knowledge workers. In contrast to earlier research findings, results indicate that significant productivity improvements could be achieved through the use of some email processing policies while helping attain a balance between email response time and task completion time. Findings also suggest that the best policy may be to respond to email two to four times a day instead of every 45 min or continuously, as is common with many knowledge workers. We conclude by presenting many research opportunities for analytical and organizational IS researchers. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.",Email management | Interruption | Performance | Simulation modeling,Information Systems Frontiers,2011-11-01,Article,"Gupta, Ashish;Sharda, Ramesh;Greve, Robert A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84936966814,10.1287/mnsc.2014.2052,Exploring trade-offs in the organization of scientific work: Collaboration and scientific reward,"When do scientists and other innovators organize into collaborative teams, and why do they do so for some projects and not others? At the core of this important organizational choice is, we argue, a trade-off scientists make between the productive efficiency of collaboration and the credit allocation that arises after the completion of collaborative work. In this paper, we explore this trade-off by developing a model to structure our understanding of the factors shaping researcher collaborative choices, in particular the implicit allocation of credit among participants in scientific projects. We then use the annual research activity of 661 faculty scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology over a 31-year period to explore the trade-off between collaboration and reward at the individual faculty level and to infer critical parameters in the collaborative organization of scientific work.",Academic science | Collaboration | Productivity | Science | Scientific credit,Management Science,2015-07-01,Conference Paper,"Bikard, Michaël;Murray, Fiona;Gans, Joshua S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963736567,10.5465/amj.2014.0262,Integrating the bright and dark sides of OCB: A daily investigation of the benefits and costs of helping others,"Although the general picture in the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) literature is that OCB has positive consequences for employees and organizations, an emerging stream of work has begun to examine the potential negative consequences of OCB for actors. Drawing from the cognitive-affective processing system framework and conservation of resources theory, we present an integrative model that simultaneously examines the benefits and costs of daily OCB for actors. Utilizing an experience sampling methodology through which 82 employees were surveyed for 10 workdays, we find that daily OCB is associated with positive affect, but it also interferes with perceptions of work goal progress. Positive affect and work goal progress in turn mediate the effects of OCB on daily well-being. Moreover, employees' trait regulatory focus influences the strength of the daily relationships between OCB and its positive and negative outcomes. We conclude by discussing theoretical and practical implications of our multilevel model.",,Academy of Management Journal,2016-04-01,Article,"Koopman, Joel;Lanaj, Klodiana;Scott, Brent A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247850932,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17004-7,The dance of entrainment: Temporally navigating across multiple pacers,"Previous research suggests that teams pace their change either internally to coincide with the midpoint, deadline, or task phases, or externally by entraining to exogenous pacers. Other research suggests that teams adapt to random environmental shocks. This paper investigates if, how, and when endogenous, exogenous, and random pacers affect the patterns of change in groups. We studied five software development teams during a turbulent two-year period. Our case studies and supporting analyses suggest that teams perform a ""dance of entrainment""-simultaneously creating multiple rhythms and choreographing their activities to mesh with different pacers at different times. © 2007.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Ancona, Deborah;Waller, Mary J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-30844448765,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:2(182),Summary care record early adopter programme: an independent evaluation by University College London.,"Accelerating a project can be rewarding. The consequences, however, can be troublesome if productivity and quality are sacrificed for the sake of remaining ahead of schedule, such that the actual schedule benefits are often barely worth the effort. The tradeoffs and paths of schedule pressure-and its causes and effects-are often overlooked when schedule decisions are being made. This paper analyzes the effects that schedule pressure has on construction performance, and focuses on tradeoffs in scheduling. A research framework has been developed using a causal diagram to illustrate the cause-and-effect analysis of schedule pressure. An empirical investigation has been performed by using survey data collected from 102 construction practitioners working in 38 construction sites in Singapore. The results of this survey data analysis indicate that advantages of increasing the pace of work-by working under schedule pressure-can be offset by losses in productivity and quality. The negative effects of schedule pressure arise mainly by working out of sequence, generating work defects, cutting corners, and losing the motivation to work. The adverse effects of schedule pressure can be minimized by scheduling construction activities realistically and planning them proactively, motivating workers, and by establishing an effective project coordination and communication mechanism. © 2006 ASCE.",Construction management | Labor | Productivity | Quality control | Scheduling,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2006-02-01,Article,"Nepal, Madhav Prasad;Park, Moonseo;Son, Bosik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645155042,10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00242.x,"Redesigning, redefining work","Free time has the potential to reduce time pressures, yet previous studies paradoxically report increases in free time concurrent with increases in feeling rushed. Using U.S. time diary data from 708 individuals in 1975 and 964 individuals in 1998, we review the evidence on trends in free time and subjective perceptions of feeling rushed, and reexamine the relationship between free time and time pressure. We find that women's time pressure increased significantly between 1975 and 1998 but men's did not. In addition, the effects of objective time constraints vary by gender. Whereas more free time reduces men's perceptions of feeling rushed at both time points, among women, free time marginally reduced time pressure in 1975 but no longer reduced time pressure in 1998. Our findings suggest that persistent inequality in gendered time-use patterns is paralleled by gendered experiences of time pressure.",Gender | Leisure | Time pressure | Work and family,Journal of Marriage and Family,2006-02-01,Article,"Mattingly, Marybeth J.;Sayer, Liana C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75849121888,10.1002/job.654,"Friends, not foes?: Work design and formalization in the modern work context","Scholars have long debated the advantages and disadvantages of formalization. Although many researchers have suggested that formalization is likely to be disadvantageous in the dynamic environments currently faced by organizations and employees, formalization appears to be increasingly pervasive in modern organizations. Since scholars have suggested that the effects of formalization may depend on the way it is implemented, I examine work design as a key contingency for the successful implementation of formalization. Based on examination and integration of work design, organizational theory, and cognitive perspectives, I conclude that formalization is actually more advantageous and viable in the current work context. However, neither work design nor formalization individually is sufficient for organizations seeking to cope with current challenges. Rather, both interact and thus represent key levers for organizations seeking to thrive in the modern work context. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2010-02-01,Article,"Juillerat, Tina L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84922785481,10.1108/ITP-08-2013-0155,Managing work-life boundaries with mobile technologies: An interpretive study of mobile work practices,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that mobile technologies play in mobile workers’ efforts to manage the boundaries between work and non-work domains. Previous theories of work-life boundary management frame boundary management strategies as a range between the segmentation and integration of work-life domains, but fail to provide a satisfactory account of technology’s role. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply the concept of affordances, defined as the relationship between users’ abilities and features of mobile technology, in two field studies of a total of 25 mobile workers who used a variety of mobile devices and services. Findings – The results demonstrate that the material features of mobile technologies offer five specific affordances that mobile workers use in managing work-life boundaries: mobility, connectedness, interoperability, identifiability and personalization. These affordances persist in their influence across time, despite their connection to different technology features. Originality/value – The author found that mobile workers’ boundary management strategies do not fit comfortably along a linear segmentation-integration continuum. Rather, mobile workers establish a variety of personalized boundary management practices to match their particular situations. The authors speculate that mobile technology has core material properties that endure over time. The authors surmise that these material properties provide opportunities for users to interact with them in a manner to make the five affordances possible. Therefore, in the future, actors interacting with mobile devices to manage their work-life boundaries may experience affordances similar to those the authors observed because of the presence of the core material properties.",Affordances | Interpretivist research | Mobile systems | Mobility,Information Technology and People,2015-03-02,Article,"Cousins, Karlene;Robey, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84877645160,10.1287/orsc.1120.0738,"Task bubbles, artifacts, shared emotion, and mutual focus of attention: A comparative study of the microprocesses of group engagement","Based on a comparative field study of two software development projects, we use ethnographic methods of observation and interview to examine the question of how interdependent individuals develop and maintain mutual focus of attention on a shared task, which we define as the group engagement process. Drawing on Randall Collins' interaction ritual theory, we identify how mutual focus of attention develops through the presence of a task bubble that focuses attention by creating barriers to outsiders and through the effective use of task-related artifacts. Shared emotion both results from mutual focus of attention and reinforces it. Through our comparison between the two projects, we show that the group engagement process is enabled by factors at the individual (individual engagement), interaction (frequency and informality of interactions), and project (compelling direction of the overall group) levels. Our focus on group interaction episodes as the engine of the group engagement process illuminates what individuals do when they are performing the focal work of the group (i.e., solving problems related to the task at hand) and how they develop and sustain the mutual focus of attention that is required for making collective progress on the task itself. We also show the relationship between the group engagement process and effective problem solving. © 2013 Informs.",Groups | Interaction ritual | Problem solving | Qualitative | Work engagement,Organization Science,2013-03-01,Article,"Metiu, Anca;Rothbard, Nancy P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3042687312,10.1177/0095399704265298,The Iron Cage of Methodology: The Vicious Circle of Means Limiting Ends Limiting Means...,"This article addresses the strategies and tools that public administration scholars use to understand phenomena of interest. The range of qualitative methods used has been limited, and the kind of rigor generally associated with quantitative methods has largely been absent in the application of their qualitative counterparts. Two conclusions are drawn from an analysis of articles published in two respected journals: Training on research methods in Ph.D. and M.P.A. programs should be expanded to include a broader range of strategies and tools, and the rigorous use of a broader range of research tools promises to better position the field of public administration to identify, examine, and answer the many big questions that it now faces.",Empirical research | Qualitative research methods | Truth claims,Administration and Society,2004-07-01,Article,"Lowery, Daniel;Evans, Karen G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649790942,10.1177/0961463X10354429,"Conceptualizing time, space and computing for work and organizing","Through this article we draw on concepts of time and space to help us theorize on the uses of information and communication technologies in work and for organizing. We do so because many of the contemporary discussions regarding work and organization are usually, and too often implicitly, drawing on rudimentary understandings of these concepts. Our focus here is to advance beyond simplistic articulations and to provide a more conceptually sound approach to address time, space and the uses of information and communication technologies in work. We do this focusing on temporal and spatial relations as a means to depict time and space at work. We characterize work as varying by two characteristics: the degree of interaction and the level of individual autonomy. We then develop a functional view of information and communication technologies relative to their uses for production, control, coordination, access and enjoyment. We conclude by integrating these concepts into an initial framework which allows us to theorize that new forms of work are moving towards four distinct forms of organizing. We further argue that each of these four forms has particular spatial and temporal characteristics that have distinct and different needs for information and communication technologies. © 2010, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",information and communication technology | organization | space | time | work,Time & Society,2010-01-01,Article,"Lee, Heejin;Sawyer, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34250782139,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06002-X,"Let's norm and storm, but not right now: Integrating models of group development and performance","Early efforts in the study of groups had an inherently temporal dimension, notably work on group dynamics and the related study of phases in group problem solving. Not surprisingly, the majority of work linking time to groups has focused on team development. By contrast, work on team performance has tended to take the form Input-Process-Output, in which the passage of time is implied. There is rarely a discussion of how processes might be affected by timing. We suggest ways in which the two literatures might be brought together. We review models of group development and group performance, propose ways in which temporal issues can be integrated into performance models, and conclude by raising questions for future theory and empirical investigation. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Mannix, Elizabeth;Jehn, Karen A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75749151667,10.1177/0143831X09351215,Welcome to the house of fun: Work space and social identity,"Following the diffusion of HRM as the dominant legitimating managerial ideology, some employers have started to see the built working environment as a component in managing organizational culture and employee commitment. A good example is where the work space is designed to support a range of officially encouraged 'fun' activities at work. Drawing on recent research literature and from media reports of contemporary developments, this article explores the consequences of such developments for employees' social identity formation and maintenance, with a particular focus on the office and customer service centre. The analysis suggests that management's attempts to determine what is deemed fun may not only be resented by workers because it intrudes on their existing private identities but also because it seeks to reshape their values and expression. © The Author(s), 2010.",Commitment | Labour process | Working conditions,Economic and Industrial Democracy,2010-02-01,Article,"Baldry, Chris;Hallier, Jerry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749262158,,Managing and temporality,"Although physical characteristics of tasks are accepted as risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), psychosocial factors may also influence the development of WMSDs. The current study induced different levels of two psychosocial factors, mental workload and time pressure, during a typing task and measured lower arm muscle activation, wrist posture and movements, and ratings of perceived workload. Time pressure appeared to increase wrist deviations and muscle activity. Typing performance decreased, and perceived overall workload increased when mental workload and time pressure increased. Therefore both physical and psychosocial characteristics should be considered to prevent WMSDs and to increase productivity.",Electromyography | Psychosocial factors | Subjective workload | Work-related musculoskeletal disorders,IIE Annual Conference and Exposition 2005,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hughes, Laura E.;Babski-Reeves, Kari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44349138174,,SAMPLE SELECTION AND THEORY DEVELOPMENT: IMPLICATIONS OF FIRMS'VARYING ABILITIES TO APPROPRIATELY SELECT NEW VENTURES.,"Although physical factors are accepted as risks in the development of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), psychosocial factors may explain some of the remaining differences in susceptibility to WMSDs. The following study examined the effects of two psychosocial factors, mental workload and time pressure, on typing performance, perceived workload, and key strike force while typing. The majority of the key strike force measures increased with increases in time pressure and mental workload. Perceived overall workload (as measured using SWAT) increased with mental workload and time pressure, and typing performance decreased. Additionally, gender, locus of control, and perceived stress level did not influence outcomes. Physical risk factors may be mediated by psychosocial factors to increase risk for WMSD development in the upper extremities. Therefore, both physical and psychosocial aspects of work environments should be considered when designing jobs and work tasks to prevent injuries and improve productivity.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hughes, Laura E.;Babski-Reeves, Kari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36148951724,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06004-3,How project teams achieve coordinated action: A model of shared cognitions on time,"This chapter addresses how project teams achieve coordinated action, given the diversity in how team members may perceive and value time. Although synchronization of task activities may occur spontaneously through the nonconscious process of entrainment, some work conditions demand that team members pay greater conscious attention to time to coordinate their efforts. We propose that shared cognitions on time - the agreement among team members on the appropriate temporal approach to their collective task - will contribute to the coordination of team members' actions, particularly in circumstances where nonconscious synchronization of action patterns is unlikely. We suggest that project teams may establish shared cognitions on time through goal setting, temporal planning, and temporal reflexivity. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Gevers, Josette M.P.;Rutte, Christel G.;van Eerde, Wendelien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84990374239,10.1177/0893318901143010,Gendered practices in the contemporary workplace: A critique of what often constitutes front page news in The Wall Street Journal,,,Management Communication Quarterly,2001-01-01,Article,"Buzzanell, Patrice M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-29144442041,10.1080/01449290500043991,11 Organizational temporality over time,"This paper reports a field evaluation of the mobile phone as a 'package of device and services. The evaluation compares 44 university students' usage and user experience of communication before and during rendezvous. During a rendezvous (en route), students rated many aspects of the experience of phone use less favourably than before a rendezvous (prior to departure). This impairment of experience is attributed to the cumulative effect of various adverse factors that occur more often during rendezvous - incomplete network coverage, environmental noise, multiple task performance, time pressure, conflict with social norms, and conflict with preferred life-paths. Also, during a rendezvous, students were more likely to use the telephone, less likely to use e-mail, but equally likely to use text messaging, compared to before a rendezvous. This change in usage is attributed to the need to exchange and ground information almost instantly during a rendezvous. Implications for the design of 3G phones are discussed.",,Behaviour and Information Technology,2005-12-01,Article,"Colbert, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58749113827,10.7202/019545ar,Theoretical issues with new actors and emergent modes of labour regulation,"As the global economy undergoes a major transformation, the inadequacy of labour relations theories dating back to Fordism, especially the systemic analysis model (Dunlop, 1958) and the strategic model (Kochan, Katz and McKersie, 1986), in which only three actors - union, employer and State - share the stage is becoming increasingly obvious. A good example is provided by companies offering information technology services to businesses, where new means of regulation emerge and illustrate the need to incorporate new actors and new issues if we are to account for its contemporary complexity. A survey of 88 professionals has revealed regulation practices that call into question the traditional boundaries of the industrial relations system from two points of view: that of the three main actors, by bringing the customer and work teams onto the stage, and that of the distinction between the contexts and the system itself. © RI/IR, 2008.",,Relations Industrielles,2008-01-01,Article,"Legault, Marie Josée;Bellemare, Guy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27544444219,,Shifting Social Contracts and the Sociological Imagination 1,"This study extends the theory of Recognition Primed Decision-Making by applying it to groups. Furthermore, we explore the application of Template Theory to collaboration. An experiment was conducted in which teams made resource allocation decisions while physically dispersed and supported with a shared virtual work surface (What You See Is What I See - WYSIWIS) both with and without time-pressure. The task required teams to recognize patterns and collaborate to allocate their resources appropriately. The experiment explores the use of a cognitively aligned tool (memory chunks) designed to minimize the cognitive effort required to for teams to recognize and share recognized patterns. Dependent measures included outcome quality, resource allocation time, and resource allocation ordering. All teams received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their outcome quality and decision speed. Teams supported with the pattern-sharing tool had high outcome quality even under time pressure.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2005-11-10,Conference Paper,"Hayne, Stephen C.;Smith, C. A.P.;Vijayasarathy, Leo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986104620,10.1108/09593840410554201,The power of myth in the IT workplace: Creating a 24-hour workday during the dot-com bubble,"The central purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that managers of several IT companies, during the dot-com bubble, used the myths that were readily available in the wider American culture of the time to motivate and manipulate their employees. These managers motivated their employees to put in long hours at the worksite, to be continually on-call, to intensify their work pace, and to self police their co-programming teams. The methods used were qualitative social research including interviews, observations, self-reported organizational charts and time diaries. This is a single case study conducted during a specific period of time. The implications discussed in this paper may provide insight to the managers of IT personnel who seek to motivate their employees to greater efficiency. This paper adds to a discussion on the role of myth in managing IT personnel. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Information exchange | Myths | Organizational culture | Organizations,Information Technology & People,2004-09-01,Article,"Tapia, Andrea H.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955934224,10.1108/13665621111128655,"Negotiating time, meaning and identity in boundaryless work","Focus on the qualities and rhythms of time are important in order to understand strain and learning opportunities in modern working life. This article aims to develop a framework for exploring the qualities of time in boundaryless work, and to explore self-management of time as a process, where the relations between time and tasks are negotiated. The article consists of a theoretical part that takes inspiration from newer time sociology and leads to proposal of a framework that focuses on the relation between identity, meaning and qualities of time. The empirical part illustrates the use of the framework. The authors present a case study of teachers’ work at an elementary school based on qualitative data collected by observations, teachers' time dairies and individual and group interviews. The authors suggest an analytical framework where temporal order is a core concept, and points at conflicts between multiple temporal orders as a focus for empirical studies. On the basis of the case study the article discusses how mastering of time conflicts is an integrated part of doing the job and how professional identity and meaning is at stake in this process. The article urges for a renewal in research on time and strain at work, and discusses how self-management of time becomes a new area for learning at the workplace, implying that collective arenas should be established. The article offers an original contribution to understanding and studying temporal aspects of work and the role of learning processes. © 2011, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Time study | Work identity | Working patterns | Workplace learning,Journal of Workplace Learning,2011-05-17,Article,"Kamp, Annette;Lambrecht Lund, Henrik;Søndergaard Hvid, Helge",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644594210,10.1167/5.9.3,PERSPECTIVE—Relaxing the Taboo on Telling Our Own Stories: Upholding Professional Distance and Personal Involvement,"Each voluntary eye movement provides physical evidence of a visuomotor choice about where and when to look. Primates choose visual targets with two types of voluntary eye movements, pursuit and saccades, although the exact mechanism underlying their coordination remains unknown. Are pursuit and saccades guided by the same decision signal? The present study compares pursuit and saccadic choices using techniques borrowed from psychophysics and models of response time. Human observers performed a luminance discrimination task and indicated their choices with eye movements. Because the stimuli moved horizontally and were offset vertically, subjects' tracking responses consisted of combinations of both pursuit and saccadic eye movements. For each of two signal strengths, we constructed speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades. We found that speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades have the same shape, but are time-shifted with respect to one another. We argue that this pattern occurs because pursuit and saccades share a decision signal, but utilize different response thresholds and are subject to different motor processing delays. © 2005 ARVO.",Choice behavior | Pursuit | Response threshold | Saccades | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Journal of Vision,2005-10-10,Article,"Liston, Dorion;Krauzlis, Richard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349988762,10.1016/j.infoandorg.2009.08.002,Time as symbolic currency in knowledge work,"The paper discusses the issue of time slips in software development. Increasing time sacrifices toward work constitutes an important part of modern organizational environment. In fact, the reign over time is a crucial element in controlling the labor process. Yet a lack of cultural studies covering different approaches to this issue remains-particularly those focusing on high-skilled salaried workers. This article is a small attempt to fill this gap, based on an analysis of unstructured qualitative interviews with high-tech professionals from a B2B software company. It focuses on the issue of timing in IT projects, as perceived by software engineers. The findings indicate that managerial interruptions in work play an important part in the social construction of delays. However, interruptions from peer software engineers are not perceived as disruptive. This leads to the conclusion that time is used in a symbolic way, both for organizational domination and solidarity rituals. The use of time as a symbolic currency in knowledge-work rites is presented as often influencing the very process of labor and schedules. It is revealed to be the dominant evaluation factor, replacing the officially used measures, such as efficiency, or quality. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",High-tech | Knowledge-intensive work | Professions | Schedules | Software delays | Software engineers' culture | Time management,Information and Organization,2009-10-01,Article,"Jemielniak, Dariusz",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10844226418,10.1177/0018726704049417,Conceptualizing social science paradoxes using the diversity and similarity curves model: Illustrations from the work/play and theory novelty/continuity paradoxes,"A major challenge that social science researchers face is the development of a framework that conceptualizes paradoxical concepts across different social science disciplines. We propose that researchers use the logic of the diversity and similarity curves (DSC) model to meet this need by conceptualizing the tension, reinforcing cycles, and paradox management elements of Lewis (Academy of Management Review, 2000, 25, 760-76). We further make a contribution to the paradox literature by highlighting and representing the interwoven nature of dual tensions that exist within paradoxical phenomena, We use the DSC model to capture the interactive effects of dual paradoxes associated with work/play and job stress/task creativity. The DSC model also allows us to represent the interactive effects of different permutations of theory novelty/continuity on perceived theory complexity and theory assimilation. Finally, we discuss the implications of this article for theory and research on paradox conceptualization.",Conceptualizing paradox | Diversity/similarity curves | Novelty/continuity | Work/play,Human Relations,2004-11-01,Article,"Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph;Julian, Scott D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049505681,10.1002/cjas.147,Discretionary power of project managers in knowledge‐intensive firms and gender issues,"The scarcity of women among highly qualified professionals in business-to-business information and communication technologies (ICT) in Europe and in North America has been noted as recently as the late 1990s (Panteli, Stack, Atkinson, & Ramsay, 1999). The organization and management of work in such firms is typically project-based. This has many consequences, including: long working hours with fierce resistance to any reduction, unpaid overtime, high management expectations of employee flexibility to meet unanticipated client demands, and the need for employees to negotiate flexible work arrangements on a case-by-case basis with a project manager who often has much discretion on whether to accommodate such requests. We found that women are particularly disadvantaged in such a system, which could partly explain their under-representation in such jobs. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Gender | Hr management practices | Knowledge-intensive firms (kifs) | New organizational forms | Professional women,Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences,2010-09-01,Article,"Chasserio, Stéphanie;Legault, Marie Josée",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-64049116031,,Feelin'groovy♪: appropriating time in home‐based telework,"Despite advances in sensor technology and information processing algorithms, weather forecasting remains unreliable. The reliability, consistency, and dependability of weather systems play an essential role in pilots' decision making under critical conditions. The goal of this study was to examine pilots' workload, situation awareness (SA), and trust in weather systems during critical weather events as a function of time pressure, role assignment, pilots' rank, weather display, and weather system. Results partially supported our hypotheses. Pilots' workload significantly increased as they approached the weather event. Consistent with previous research, Captains reported lower SA than First Officers (FO). As expected, when the NEXRAD system failed to provide an indication of the weather event at the specified waypoint, pilots' SA decreased as they approached the weather threat. As predicted, pilots trusted the onboard system more than the NEXRAD system, particularly when these systems displayed conflicting information as pilots' approached the weather threat. Our findings have important implications for the field of commercial aviation. Airlines should consider a change in role assignment philosophy. Airlines should also consider encouraging pilots to make deviation decisions around weather events as soon as they notice them. Last, our findings showed support for the added benefit of providing pilots with broader information regarding the potential weather threat using the NEXRAD system. Future research efforts should explore improvements to data link technology so that NEXRAD information can be presented in real time. Such technological improvements may increase the reliability, believability, and dependability of the NEXRAD system, and ultimately avoid the distrust associated with conflicting information. © 2005, FAA Academy.",,International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies,2005-09-01,Article,"Bustamante, Ernesto A.;Fallon, Corey K.;Bliss, James P.;Bailey, William R.;Anderson, Brittany L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Stress: Professional development needs of extension faculty,"Self-help books are tokens of our reflexive individualized society. The widespread experience of too high a pace in daily life and too little time for recovery and for social relations have resulted in books focusing on avoiding time shortage. In our analysis of the advice in such books we found time-management categories such as streamlining activities and buying services. Other identified categories focus on life-management strategies such as setting limits to time-consuming aspirations. Questioning personal aspirations in areas such as work and consumption appears to be an adequate way of avoiding time shortage and increasing one's quality of life but this is also a challenging task due to the importance most people attach to these areas for identity creation and social acceptance. © 2005, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",life management | self-help books | time management | time pressure | time use | work-life balance,Time & Society,2005-01-01,Article,"Larsson, Jörgen;Sanne, Christer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34347355464,10.1007/s11205-004-4642-9,Incorporating human and machine interpretation of unavailability and rhythm awareness into the design of collaborative applications,"Efficient coordination of collaboration requires sharing information about collaborators' current and future availability. We describe the usage of an awareness system called Awarenex that shared real-time awareness information to help coordinate activities at the current moment. We also developed a prototype called Lilsys that used sensors to gather additional awareness information that would help avoid disruptions when users are currently unavailable for interaction. Our experiences over time in designing and using prototypes that share awareness cues for current availability led us to identify temporal patterns that could help predict future reachability. Rhythm awareness is having a sense of regularly recurring temporal patterns that can help coordinate interactions among collaborators. Rhythm awareness is difficult to establish within distributed groups that are separated by distance and time zone. We describe rhythmic temporal patterns observed in activity data collected from users of the Awarenex prototype. Analyzing logs of Awarenex usage over time enabled us to construct a computational model of temporal patterns. We explored how to apply those patterns and model to predict future reachability among distributed team members. We discuss trade-offs in the design of collaborative applications that rely on human- and machine-interpretation of rhythm awareness cues. We also conducted a design study that elicited reactions to a variety of end-user visualizations of rhythmic patterns and investigated how well our computational model characterized their everyday routines. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2007-07-06,Article,"Begole, James;Tang, John C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857886574,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00890.x,Bringing employees closer: the effect of proximity on communication when teams function under time pressure,"Some studies have assumed close proximity to improve team communication on the premise that reduced physical distance increases the chance of contact and information exchange. However, research showed that the relationship between team proximity and team communication is not always straightforward and may depend on some contextual conditions. Hence, this study was designed with the purpose of examining how a contextual condition like time pressure may influence the relationship between team proximity and team communication. In this study, time pressure was conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct: challenge time pressure and hindrance time pressure, such that each has different moderating effects on the proximity-communication relationship. The research was conducted with 81 new product development (NPD) teams (437 respondents) in Western Europe (Belgium, England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands). These teams functioned in short-cycled industries and developed innovative products for the consumer, electronic, semiconductor, and medical sectors. The unit of analysis was a team, which could be from a single-team or a multiteam project. Results showed that challenge time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience high rather than low challenge time pressure. Hindrance time pressure moderates the relationship between team proximity and team communication such that this relationship improves for teams that experience low rather than high hindrance time pressure. Our findings contribute to theory in two ways. First, this study showed that challenge and hindrance time pressure differently influences the benefits of team proximity toward team communication in a particular work context. We found that teams under high hindrance time pressure do not benefit from close proximity, given the natural tendency for premature cognitive closure and the use of avoidance coping tactics when problems surface. Thus, simply reducing physical distances is unlikely to promote communication if motivational or human factors are neglected. Second, this study demonstrates the strength of the challenge-hindrance stressor framework in advancing theory and explaining inconsistencies. Past studies determined time pressure by considering only its levels without distinguishing the type of time pressure. We suggest that this study might not have been able to uncover the moderating effects of time pressure if we had conceptualized time pressure in the conventional way. © 2012 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012-03-01,Article,"Chong, Darrel S.F.;Van Eerde, Wendelien;Rutte, Christel G.;Chai, Kah Hin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923770043,10.5465/amj.2012.0552,Help-seeking and help-giving as an organizational routine: Continual engagement in innovative work,"The literature on help-giving behavior identifies individual-level factors that affect a help-giver's decision to help another individual. Studying a context in which work was highly interdependent and helping was pervasive, however, we propose that this emphasis on the initial point of consent is incomplete. Instead, we find that workplace help-seeking and help-giving can be intertwined behaviors enacted through an organizational routine. Our research, therefore, shifts the theoretical emphasis from one of exchange and cost to one of joint engagement. More specifically, we move beyond the initial point of consent to recast help-seeking and help-giving as an interdependent process in which both the help-seeker and the help-giver use cognitive and emotional moves to engage others and thereby propel a helping routine forward. In contrast to the existing literature, an organizational routines perspective also reveals that helping need not be limited to dyads, and that the helping routine is shaped by the work context in which help is sought. Finally, we extend these insights to the literatures on routines and coordination and debate how our results might generalize even if helping is not part of an organizational routine.",,Academy of Management Journal,2015-02-01,Article,"Grodal, Stine;Nelson, Andrew J.;Siino, Rosanne M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745726749,10.1016/S0191-3085(06)27009-6,The stewardship of the temporal commons,"The contemporary move toward privatization has led to the assigning of property rights to many intangible public resources. One shared intangible resource swept up in this marketization is, we argue, the temporal commons - the shared conceptualization of time and temporal values created by a culture-carrying collectivity. As a result, the stewardship, or management, of the temporal commons is judged exclusively by the market-sanctioned metric of efficiency. We suggest that metrics based on the stakeholder approach to organizational effectiveness are more appropriate than the sole reliance on market efficiency criteria for judging the stewardship of a temporal commons, and offer several examples of stewardship evaluated by such metrics from the perspectives of a variety of stakeholders. We close with a call for more cognizant agency and wider participation in temporal commons stewardship. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in Organizational Behavior,2006-07-12,Review,"Bluedorn, Allen C.;Waller, Mary J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901370086,10.1287/orsc.2013.0881,Constructing the team: The antecedents and effects of membership model divergence,"Scholars have established that team membership has wide-ranging effects on cognition, dynamics, processes, and performance. Underlying that scholarship is the assumption that team membership-who is and who is not a team member-is straightforward, unambiguous, and agreed upon by all members. Contrary to this assumption, I posit that mental models of membership increasingly diverge within teams as a result of changing environmental conditions. I build on the literatures on membership and on shared mental models to explore such ""membership model divergence."" In a study of 38 formally defined software and product development teams, I test a model of structural and emergent drivers of membership model divergence and examine its effect on performance operating through team-level cognition. I use the findings of this study to explore its implications for both management theory and managerial practice. © 2014 INFORMS.",Boundaries | Composition | Membership | Mental models | Teams,Organization Science,2014-01-01,Article,"Mortensen, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946165158,10.1111/jeea.12129,The inefficiency of worker time use,"Much work is carried out in short, interrupted segments. This phenomenon, which we label task juggling, has been overlooked by economists. We study the work schedules of some judges in Italy documenting that they do juggle tasks and that juggling causally lowers their productivity substantially. To measure the size of this effect, we show that although all these judges receive the same workload, those who juggle more trials at once instead of working sequentially on few of them at each unit of time, take longer to complete their portfolios of cases. Task juggling seems to have no adverse effect on the quality of the judges' decisions, as measured by the percent of decisions appealed. To identify these causal effects we estimate models with judge fixed effects and we exploit the lottery assigning cases to judges. We discuss whether task juggling can be viewed as inefficient, and provide a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the social cost of longer trials due to task juggling.",,Journal of the European Economic Association,2015-10-01,Article,"Coviello, Decio;Ichino, Andrea;Persico, Nicola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27244459721,10.1167/5.5.1,Spinning off new ventures from research institutions outside high tech entrepreneurial areas,"Both the speed and the accuracy of a perceptual judgment depend on the strength of the sensory stimulation. When stimulus strength is high accuracy is high and response time is fast; when stimulus strength is low, accuracy is low and response time is slow. Although the psychometric function is well established as a tool for analyzing the relationship between accuracy and stimulus strength, the corresponding chronometric function for the relationship between response time and stimulus strength has not received as much consideration. In this article, we describe a theory of perceptual decision making based on a diffusion model. In it, a decision is based on the additive accumulation of sensory evidence over time to a bound. Combined with simple scaling assumptions, the proportional-rate and power-rate diffusion models predict simple analytic expressions for both the chronometric and psychometric functions. In a series of psychophysical experiments, we show that this theory accounts for response time and accuracy as a function of both stimulus strength and speed-accuracy instructions. In particular, the results demonstrate a close coupling between response time and accuracy. The theory is also shown to subsume the predictions of Piéron's Law, a power function dependence of response time on stimulus strength. The theory's analytic chronometric function allows one to extend theories of accuracy to response time. © 2005 ARVO.",Decision | Psychometric function | Response time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Temporal summation,Journal of Vision,2005-05-02,Article,"Palmer, John;Huk, Alexander C.;Shadlen, Michael N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951250557,10.1016/S1553-7250(10)36020-X,Redesigning a morbidity and mortality program in a university-affiliated pediatric anesthesia department,"Background: The concept of the morbidity and mortality (M&M) review is almost 100 years old, yet no standards describe ""good practice"" of M&M in clinical departments. Few reports measure output and impact of M&M reviews. The M&M activities were developed in a university- affiliated pediatric anesthesia department as part of a departmental quality improvement (QI) initiative. The process was designed to identify problems within the M&M program and to introduce interventions and actions to increase the program's efficiency and impact. Methods: Through a series of interviews and consultation with hospital management, existing problems and ineffi-ciencies were identified, a framework for developing the M&M program was established, and reportable outcome measures, such as increased meeting attendance, participation, self-reporting, and change to practice, were developed. Through appointment of specific M&M personnel, appointment of a specific departmental M&M coordinator, meeting more regularly, stressing the review of system errors and close calls, and encouraging anonymous reporting, the department's M&M activities were redesigned. Results: From the July 1) 2001-June 30) 2006 to (July 1) 2006-(June 30) 2009 periods, case reviews and case presentations increased from a mean of 1.9 to 3-4 cases presented per M&M meeting. Meeting attendance increased from a mean of 5.1 to 25, and self-reporting from a mean of 22% of all safety reports received to 40%. Findings and recommendations were effectively disseminated through-out the department and hospital, reflecting the unique structure of the M&M program and personnel's efforts. Discussion: M&M QI with respect to data gathering, case review, and ongoing medical education is an efficient way to demonstrate quality assurance and creative professional development. Copyright © 2010 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.",,Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety,2010-01-01,Article,"McDonnell, Conor;Laxer, Ronald M.;Roy, Lawrence",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865398033,10.1111/j.1468-0432.2012.00606.x,Time demands and gender roles: The case of a big four firm in Mexico,"This article studies time demands in a big four firm in Mexico. It does so by examining the way time demands are (re)created by masculinities and how their interplay with societal gender roles shape employees' professional and personal lives. Qualitative interviews with women and men across different hierarchical levels and departments show that long hours are an indicator of commitment and potential for career progression, thus suggesting that accounting firms' organizational culture and accountants' professional identity predominate in different cultural contexts. However, paternalistic masculinity and 'the father' figure appear to characterize management control in the Mexican context, in contrast to most previous studies conducted in developed countries. The article demonstrates how paternalistic relations prevent women from complying with time demands, which has important implications for career advancement. Finally, the article demonstrates how time demands perpetuate work-life conflict for all organizational members, albeit in different ways according to the individual's stage in life. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Accounting firms | Gender roles | Masculinities | Mexico | Professions | Working times,"Gender, Work and Organization",2012-09-01,Article,"Castro, Mayra Ruiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14544273250,10.1177/0192513X04270228,Multiteam membership in relation to multiteam systems,"This study examines whether the financial and time pressures associated with spouses' working lives play a role in the relation between work and divorce during the first years of marriage. Using retrospective data from the Netherlands, the results show that divorce is more likely when the husband works on average fewer hours and the wife more hours during the first years of marriage. Furthermore, couples facing more financial problems and those spending less time together have a higher divorce risk. The findings partly support the hypothesis that greater financial strains are responsible for the higher divorce risk when husbands work fewer hours. About 15% of the higher divorce risk of husbands working fewer hours is explained by the resulting greater financial strains. No support is found for the hypothesis that the higher divorce risk of women who work more hours is due to a decrease in marital interaction time.",Divorce | Financial problems | Marital interaction time | Work,Journal of Family Issues,2005-03-01,Article,"Poortman, Anne Rigt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963944530,10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111245,"Time in individual-level organizational studies: What is it, how is it used, and why isn't it exploited more often?","Time is an important concern in organizational science, yet we lack a systematic review of research on time within individual-level studies. Following a brief introduction, we consider conceptual ideas about time and elaborate on why temporal factors are important for micro-organizational studies. Then, in two sections - one devoted to time-related constructs and the other to the experience of time as a within-person phenomenon - we selectively review both theoretical and empirical studies. On the basis of this review, we note which topics have received more or less attention to inform our evaluation of the current state of research on time. Finally, we develop an agenda for future research to help move micro-organizational research to a completely temporal view.",change | dynamic | longitudinal | temporal | time | timing,Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,2015-01-01,Review,"Shipp, Abbie J.;Cole, Michael S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-15044347830,10.1016/j.obhdp.2004.10.001,Satisfaction and perceived productivity when professionals work from home,"In 1999, Chicago sponsored a public art exhibit of over 300 life-sized fiberglass cows that culminated in 140 Internet and live, in-person auctions. Collectively, the cows sold for almost seven times their initial estimates. These unexpectedly high final prices provided the impetus for a model of decision-making, ""competitive arousal,"" which focuses on how diverse factors such as rivalry, social facilitation, time pressure, and/or the uniqueness of being first can fuel arousal, which then impairs decision-making. In Study 1, live and Internet bidding and survey data from 21 auctions throughout North America tested the model's predictions, as well as hypotheses derived from rational choice and escalation of commitment models. Analyses provided considerable support for the competitive arousal and escalation models, and no support for rational choice predictions. Study 2 was a laboratory experiment that investigated the similarities and differences between escalation and competitive arousal, finding again that both can result in overbidding. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings and on the broader issue of competitive arousal and escalation and their impact on decision-making. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Arousal | Auctions | Competition | Decision-making | Escalation of commitment | Rivalry | Social facilitation | Time pressure,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2005-03-01,Article,"Ku, Gillian;Malhotra, Deepak;Murnighan, J. Keith",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992806120,10.1145/1185335.1185346,"Hostile work environment. com: increasing participation of underrepresented groups, lessons learned from the Dot-Com Era","Data is presented from three cases studies of three small IT-focused businesses that were created and failed within the context of the Dot-Com era (1996–2001). This era can be characterized as a time in which the IT industry was facing an acute shortage of employees and yet, as the analysis shows, chose to create a culture that hired a gender, racially, ethnically, and culturally homogeneous workforce. From evidence drawn from interviews, observations, self-reported organizational charts and time diaries, I argue that the organizational cultures, created by the owners and managers of these three companies, made it nearly impossible for female employees to be hired trained and retained. I also claim that once a small number of female employees were hired, the organizational culture made the work environment so hostile, it drove these employees to leave and seek alternative employment. The owners and managers of these three IT companies used the myths that were readily available in the wider American culture of the time to construct an organizational culture that would motivate and manipulate their employees. This culture may have satisfied the immediate needs of the Dot Com industry but were disastrous for traditional protectionist measures that protected women in the workforce, recruited and retained women in the workforce, and make the IT workplace hospitable to a variety of people, including women. The conclusions that I draw from this case study are that in the case of this business, the Dot-Com Bubble did more to impede entrance to women into the IT workforce than to facilitate it. © 2006, Author. All rights reserved.",Dot-com | Employment | Gender | Gold Rush | IT Wrkforce | Organization | Power | Recruitment | Retention | Underrepresented Groups,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,2006-11-28,Article,"Tapia, Andrea Hoplight",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84958549787,10.1080/19416520.2016.1120962,"Three lenses on occupations and professions in organizations: Becoming, doing, and relating","Abstract: Management and organizational scholarship is overdue for a reappraisal of occupations and professions as well as a critical review of past and current work on the topic. Indeed, the field has largely failed to keep pace with the rising salience of occupational and professional (as opposed to organizational) dynamics in work life. Moreover, not only is there a dearth of studies that explicitly take occupational or professional categories into account, but there is also an absence of a shared analytical framework for understanding what occupations and professions entail. Our goal is therefore two-fold: first, to offer guidance to scholars less familiar with this terrain who encounter occupational or professional dynamics in their own inquiries and, second, to introduce a three-part framework for conceptualizing occupations and professions to help guide future inquiries. We suggest that occupations and professions can be understood through lenses of “becoming”, “doing”, and “relating”. We develop this framework as we review past literature and discuss the implications of each approach for future research and, more broadly, for the field of management and organizational theory.",,Academy of Management Annals,2016-01-01,Article,"Anteby, Michel;Chan, Curtis K.;DiBenigno, Julia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035258715,10.1016/S0020-7489(00)00057-2,Changing time in an operating suite,"This study focussed on time as a key resource within a hospital setting. The introduction of casemix-based funding, which changed the ways funds were obtained and distributed within the hospital, was accompanied by large cuts in the funds available to the hospital system. From the introduction of casemix-based funding to the conclusion of this study there was an increase of 20% in the number of cases through the operating suite. The increase was achieved, with a reduced budget, by intensifying work and increasing flexibility in the use of time. This approach to changing the use of time imposed considerable real 'costs' on staff, especially nurses, and created concerns about safety. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Casemix | Efficiency | Flexibility | Operating suite | Time,International Journal of Nursing Studies,2001-02-01,Article,"Walker, Rae;Adam, Jenny",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38149044956,10.1007/978-3-540-75542-5_13,Reducing the cost of communication and coordination in distributed software development,"Decades of software engineering research have tried to reduce the interdependency of source code to make parallel development possible. However, code remains helplessly interlinked and software development requires frequent formal and informal communication and coordination among software developers. Communication and coordination cost still dominates the cost of software development. When the development team is separated by oceans, the cost of communication and coordination increases dramatically. To better understand the cost of communication and coordination in software development, this paper proposes to conceptualize software as a knowledge ecosystem that consists of three interlinked elements: code, documents, and developers. This conceptualization enables us to understand and pinpoint the social dependency of developers created by the code dependency. We show that a better understanding of the social dependency would increase the economic use of the collective attention of software developers with a proposed new communication mechanism that frees developers from the overload of communication that does not interest them, and thus reduces the overall cost of communication and coordination in software development. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.",Attention cost | Cost of communication and coordination | Distributed software development | Knowledge collaboration,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ye, Yunwen;Nakakoji, Kumiyo;Yamamoto, Yasuhiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18144382652,10.1108/02683940510589037,Work–family balance: is the social economy sector more supportive… and is this because of its more democratic management?,"Purpose - To analyze the direct and combined effects of the communication media and time pressure in group work on the affective responses of team members while performing intellective tasks. Design/methodology/approach - A laboratory experiment was carried out with 124 subjects working in 31 groups. The task performed by the groups was an intellective one. A 2 × 3 factorial design with three media (face-to-face, video-conference, and e-mail) and time pressure (with and without time pressure) was used to determine the direct and combined effects of these two variables on group members' satisfaction with the process and with the results, and on members' commitment with the decision. Findings - Results show a direct effect of communication media on satisfaction with the process, which confirms the prediction of the media-task fit model, and a negative effect of time pressure on satisfaction with group results and commitment to those results. Most interestingly, the interaction effects for the three dependent variables are significant and show that the most deleterious effects of time pressure are produced in groups working face-to-face, while groups mediated by video-conference improve their affective responses under time pressure. Research limitations/implications - Some limitations are the use of a student sample, so generalizability of the findings is limited, and the use of only one task type. Practical implications - It can help one to know how to design work to improve satisfaction and implication of workers. Originality/value - This paper shows some innovations as the combined effects of media and time pressure, controlling for the task type on group members' affective responses to their work and achievements. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Communication technologies | Team working,Journal of Managerial Psychology,2005-01-01,Article,"Caballer, Amparo;Gracia, Francisco;Peiró, José María",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857407313,10.1177/0950017011426306,Life after Burberry: shifting experiences of work and non-work life following redundancy,"This article sheds new light on neglected areas of recent 'work-life' discussions. Drawing on a study of a largely female workforce made redundant by factory relocation, the majority subsequently finding alternative employment in a variety of work settings, the results illustrate aspects of both positive and negative spillover from work to non-work life. In addition, the findings add to the growing number of studies that highlight the conditions under which part-time working detracts from, rather than contributes to, successful work-life balance. The conclusion discusses the need for a more multi-dimensional approach to work-life issues. © BSA Publications Ltd. 2012.",part-time work | positive/negative spillover | re-employment | redundancy | work-life balance,"Work, Employment and Society",2012-01-01,Article,"Blyton, Paul;Jenkins, Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904648243,,Balancing Teaching with Other Responsibilities: Integrating Roles or Feeding Alligators.,"This paper gives an overview of current state of Estonian Wordnet and discuss the problem of word definitions in EstWN glosses and word explanation experiments. In this paper, the role of semantic relations in word explanations is discussed. Verbs and nouns are extracted from word definitions (glosses) of Estonian WordNet, and linked with semantic relations of the key word. The results are compared with a word explanation experiment where subjects have to explain as many words as they can within a limited time. Our aim is to tag word senses in Estonian WordNet definition field and find the semantic relations they have with the literals We compare the semantic relations found in dictionary definitions with these, that people give when they have to explain a word under time pressure. Besides improving our wordnet, we hope to find better guidelines for forming word explanations in general. © Masaryk University, 2005.",,"GWC 2006: 3rd International Global WordNet Conference, Proceedings",2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kahusk, Neeme;Vider, Kadri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873513248,,Innovation and the dynamics of capability accumulation in project–based firms,"Increasingly, academics are confronted with issues associated with assessment in large classes, arising from a combination of factors including higher student enrolments and the introduction of a trimester of study in many universities. The resulting increased time pressures on marking are causing many academics to search for alternative forms of assessment. University teachers are making more frequent use of multiple choice questions as a matter of expediency and in some cases, the quality of the assessment is being neglected. This describes the current situation in Information Technology. The aim of this paper is to provide practical guidelines in the form of a checklist for lecturers who wish to write tests containing multiple choice questions. Some of the points raised may be considered common knowledge for those teachers with a background in Education, however not all Information Technology lecturers would fall into this category. While the intended users of the checklist are Information Technology lecturers who, in general, are unlikely to be familiar with many of the matters discussed, teachers in other disciplines may find it a useful reference. In addition to the checklist, this paper also discusses the major criticism of multiple choice questions (that they do not test anything more than just straight recall of facts) and examines ways of overcoming this misconception. © 2005, Australian Computer Society, Inc.",Assessment | Bloom | Large class assessment | Multiple choice questions,Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series,2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Woodford, Karyn;Bancroft, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10044266569,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.09.007,Социальная психология времени,"Pointing tasks in human-computer interaction obey certain speed-accuracy tradeoff rules. In general, the more accurate the task to be accomplished, the longer it takes and vice versa. Fitts' law models the speed-accuracy tradeoff effect in pointing as imposed by the task parameters, through Fitts' index of difficulty (Id) based on the ratio of the nominal movement distance and the size of the target. Operating with different speed or accuracy biases, performers may utilize more or less area than the target specifies, introducing another subjective layer of speed-accuracy tradeoff relative to the task specification. A conventional approach to overcome the impact of the subjective layer of speed-accuracy tradeoff is to use the a posteriori ""effective"" pointing precision We in lieu of the nominal target width W. Such an approach has lacked a theoretical or empirical foundation. This study investigates the nature and the relationship of the two layers of speed-accuracy tradeoff by systematically controlling both I d and the index of target utilization Iu in a set of four experiments. Their results show that the impacts of the two layers of speed-accuracy tradeoff are not fundamentally equivalent. The use of W e could indeed compensate for the difference in target utilization, but not completely. More logical Fitts' law parameter estimates can be obtained by the We adjustment, although its use also lowers the correlation between pointing time and the index of difficulty. The study also shows the complex interaction effect between Id and Iu, suggesting that a simple and complete model accommodating both layers of speed-accuracy tradeoff may not exist. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Fitts' law | Human performance | Input | Modeling | Pointing | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2004-12-01,Article,"Zhai, Shumin;Kong, Jing;Ren, Xiangshi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-9444221980,10.1136/oem.2004.014399,Temporality of law,,,Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2004-12-01,Editorial,"Punnett, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939788523,10.5465/amj.2013.0991,"Seeing the forest for the trees: Exploratory learning, mobile technology, and knowledge workers' role integration behaviors","Role integration is the new workplace reality for many employees. The prevalence of mobile technologies (e.g., laptops, smartphones, tablets) that are increasingly wearable and nearly always ""on"" makes it difficult to keep role boundaries separate and distinct. We draw upon boundary theory and construal level theory to hypothesize that role integration behaviors shift people from thinking concretely to thinking more abstractly about their work. The results of an archival study of Enron executives' emails, two experiments, and a multi-wave field study of knowledge workers provide evidence of positive associations between role integration behaviors, higher construal level, and more exploratory learning activities.",,Academy of Management Journal,2015-06-01,Article,"Reyt, Jean Nicolas;Wiesenfeld, Batia M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-22944479294,10.1007/978-3-540-28633-2_64,"Work time: Conflict, control, and change","Human negotiators can persuade the opponents to revise their beliefs in order to maximise the chance of reaching an agreement. Existing negotiation models are weak in supporting persuasive negotiations. This paper illustrates an adaptive and persuasive negotiation agent model, which is underpinned by a belief revision logic. These belief-based negotiation agents are able to learn from the changing negotiation contexts and persuade their opponents to change their positions. Our preliminary experiments show that the belief-based adaptive negotiation agents outperform a classical negotiation model under time pressure. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.",,Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science),2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lau, Raymond Y.K.;Chan, Siu Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956272179,10.4018/jec.2010070102,"Self-regulation in instant messaging (IM): Failures, strategies, and negative consequences","Despite the advantages of using instant messaging (IM) for collaborative work, concerns about negative consequences associated with its disruptive nature have been raised. In this paper, the author investigates the mediating role of self-regulation, using a mixed methods approach consisting of questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews. The findings show that these concerns are warranted: IM is disruptive, and multitasking can lead to losses in productivity. Despite these negative consequences, users are active participants in IM and employ a wide range of self-regulation strategies (SRS) to control their overuse. The study found three key SRS: ignoring incoming messages, denying access, and digital or physical removal. The study also found two different approaches to self-regulation. The preventive approach, consisting of creating routines and practices around IM use that would help regulation, and the recuperative approach, consisting of changing behaviors after overuse had occurred. Communication via IM helps in the development of social capital by strengthening social ties among users, which can be useful for information exchange and cooperation. These positive effects provide a balance to the potential negative impact on productivity. Implications for theories of self-regulation of technology and for managerial practice are also discussed. Copyright © 2010, IGI Global.",Collaboration | Computer-Mediated Communication | Instant Messaging (IM) | Interruptions | Multitasking | Real-Time Collaboration | Self-Regulation Strategies,International Journal of e-Collaboration,2010-07-01,Article,"Quan-Haase, Anabel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899081874,10.1111/poms.12089,Interruption and forgetting in knowledge‐intensive service environments,"An increasing barrier to productivity in knowledge-intensive work environments is interruptions. Interruptions stop the current job and can induce forgetting in the worker. The induced forgetting can cause re-work; to complete the interrupted job, additional effort and time is required to return to the same level of job-specific knowledge the worker had attained prior to the interruption. This research employs primary observational and process data gathered from a hospital radiology department as inputs into a discrete-event simulation model to estimate the effect of interruptions, forgetting, and re-work. To help mitigate the effects of interruption-induced re-work, we introduce and test the operational policy of sequestering, where some service resources are protected from interruptions. We find that sequestering can improve the overall productivity and cost performance of the system under certain circumstances. We conclude that research examining knowledge-intensive operations should explicitly consider interruptions and the forgetting rate of the system's human workers or models will overestimate the system's productivity and underestimate its costs. © 2013 Production and Operations Management Society.",health care | interruptions | services | simulation,Production and Operations Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Froehle, Craig M.;White, Denise L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5044224707,10.1109/FTDCS.2004.1316591,"Dans la nouvelle économie, la conciliation entre la vie privée et la vie professionnelle passe par… l'augmentation des heures de travail!","Aimed to provide computation ubiquitously, pervasive computing is perceived as a means to provide an user the transparency of anywhere, anyplace, anytime computing. Pervasive computing is characterized by execution of task in heterogeneous environments that use invisible and ubiquitously distributed computational devices. It relies on service composition that creates customized services from existing services by process of dynamic discovery, integration and execution of those services. In such an environment, seamlessly providing resource for the execution of the tasks with limited networked capabilities is further complicated by continuously changing context due to mobility of the user. To the best of our knowledge no prior work to provide such a pervasive space has been reported in the literature. In this paper we propose a architectural prespective for pervasive computing by defining entities required for execution of tasks in pervasive space. In particular we address the following issues, viz. entities required for execution of the task, Architecture for providing seamless access to resources in the face of changing context in wireless and wireline infrastructure, dynamic aggregation of resources under heterogeneous environment. We also evaluate the architectural requirements of a pervasive space through a case study.",,Proceedings - 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems,2004-10-19,Conference Paper,"Kalapriya, K.;Nandy, S. K.;Satish, V.;Maheshwari, R. Uma;Srinivas, Deepti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880045984,10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.001,The economic evaluation of time: Organizational causes and individual consequences,"People acquire ways of thinking about time partly in and from work organizations, where the control and measurement of time use is a prominent feature of modern management-an inevitable consequence of employees selling their time for money. In this paper, we theorize about the role organizational practices play in promoting an economic evaluation of time and time use-where time is thought of primarily in monetary terms and viewed as a scarce resource that should be used as efficiently as possible. While people usually make decisions about time and money differently, we argue that management practices that make the connection between time and money salient can heighten the economic evaluation of time. We consider both the organizational causes of economic evaluation as well as its personal and societal consequences. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.",,Research in Organizational Behavior,2012-01-01,Review,"Pfeffer, Jeffrey;De Voe, Sanford E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-16544367729,10.1007/s00359-004-0547-y,Learning by thinking: Overcoming the bias for action through reflection,"The performance of individual bumblebees at colour discrimination tasks was tested in a controlled laboratory environment. Bees were trained to discriminate between rewarded target colours and differently coloured distractors, and then tested in non-rewarded foraging bouts. For the discrimination of large colour distances bees made relatively fast decisions and selected target colours with a high degree of accuracy, but for the discrimination of smaller colour distances the accuracy decreased and the bees response times to find correct flowers significantly increased. For small colour distances there was also significant linear correlations between accuracy and response time for the individual bees. The results show both between task and within task speed-accuracy tradeoffs in bees, which suggests the possibility of a sophisticated and dynamic decision-making process. © Springer-Verlag 2004.",Colour vision | Flower learning | Insect vision | Response time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,"Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology",2004-09-01,Article,"Dyer, Adrian G.;Chittka, Lars",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247844519,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17002-3,Chronemics at work: Using socio-historical accounts to illuminate contemporary workplace temporality,"The centrality of time to the quality and experience of our lives has led scholars from a variety of disciplines to consider its social origins, including temporal differences among social collectives. Consistent across their accounts is the acknowledgment that time is co-constructed by people via their communicative interactions and formalized through the use of symbols. The goal of this chapter is to build on these extant socio-historical accounts - which explain temporal commodification, construction, and compression in Western, industrialized organizations - to offer a perspective that is grounded in communication and premised on human agency. Specifically, it takes a chronemic approach to interrogating time in the workplace, exploring how time is a symbolic construction emergent through human interaction. It examines McGrath and Kelly's (1986) model of social entrainment as relevant to the interactional bases of time, and utilizes it and structuration theory to consider the mediation and interpenetration of four oft-cited practices in the emergence of a Westernized time orientation: industrial capitalism, the Protestant work ethic, the mechanized clock, and standardized time zones. Surrounded by contemporary workplace discussions on managing the demands of personal-professional times, this analysis employs themes of temporal commodification, construction, and compression to explore the influence of these socio-historical developments in shaping norms about the time and timing of work. © 2007.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Ballard, Dawna I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-8744271226,10.2308/aud.2004.23.2.159,Time and space in the contemporaneity: an analysis based on a popular business magazine,"This paper examines the effects of time budget pressure and risk of mis-statement on the propensity of auditors to commit reduced audit quality (RAQ) acts. Understanding the different conditions under which time budget pressure can impact on auditors' behavior is important because of the emphasis on meeting budgets in practice. A 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design was used with two between-subjects variables for time budget pressure and risk and a repeated measure for the type of RAQ (accepting doubtful audit evidence and truncating a selected sample). The dependent variable was the propensity to commit RAQ. The results support the contention that, undertime budget pressure, the likelihood of RAQ is lower when the risk of misstatement is higher. However, this effect was observed for only one of the two RAQ acts examined, suggesting that these RAQ acts are not seen to be the same by auditors. Different risk responses conditioned on the type of RAQ may be indicative of a strategic response to use of RAQ under time budget pressure.",Audit quality | Audit time budgets | Reduced audit quality,Auditing,2004-01-01,Article,"Coram, Paul;Ng, Juliana;Woodliff, David R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956073945,10.1108/00483481011064181,Explaining engagement in personal activities on company time,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore rationalizations individuals provide for engaging in personal activities on company time. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 121 survey respondents working in a variety of organizations and backgrounds. Respondents provided information on the number of times they engage in various personal activities while at work, the amount of time engaged in these activities, and their rationalizations for performing personal activities during work hours. Findings: Results suggest that employees spend nearly five hours in a typical workweek engaged in personal activities. More than 90 per cent of this time is spent using the internet, email, phone, or conversing with co-workers. Employees use a variety of rationalizations for such behavior, but only two rationalizations (i.e. boredom and convenience) were statistically reliable predictors of the extent to which they engaged in personal activities on company time. Practical implications: The current research finds that boredom and convenience are related to the extent that employees engage in personal activities on company time. Improvements in the work environment to reduce boredom might show a marked decrease in these behaviors, thereby mitigating the need for organizations to develop formal policies against these behaviors. Originality/value: This is only the second quantitative study to examine the amount of time individuals spend engaged in specific personal activities on the job. It is the first quantitative exploration of the rationalizations employees use to justify these behaviors. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Boredom | Employee involvement | Employee relations,Personnel Review,2010-01-01,Article,"Eddy, Erik R.;D'Abate, Caroline P.;Thurston, Paul W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865059477,10.1080/2158379X.2012.698901,Giddens à la Carte? Appraising empirical applications of Structuration Theory in management and organization studies,"There is an increasing interest in the application of Structuration Theory in the fields of management and organization studies. Based upon a thorough literature review, we have come up with a data-set to assess how Structuration Theory has been used in empirical research. We use three key concepts of this theory (duality of structure, knowledgeability, and time-space) as sensitizing concepts for our analysis. We conclude that the greatest potential of Structuration Theory for management and organization studies is to view it as a process theory that offers a distinct building block for explaining intra and interorganizational change, as exemplified through concepts such as routine, script, genre, practice, and discourse. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",duality of structure | Giddens | knowledgeability | review | structuration | time-space,Journal of Political Power,2012-08-01,Article,"den Hond, Frank;Boersma, F. Kees;Heres, Leonie;Kroes, Eelke H.J.;van Oirschot, Emmie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2442573700,10.1016/j.ijproman.2003.11.005,So into it they forget what time it is?,"This study addresses the issue of perceived time pressure in project teams. The first purpose was to investigate how time pressure relates to job satisfaction and estimated goal achievement. A second purpose was to investigate how team processes [team support for the goal, cooperation and collective ability] affect the potential effect of time pressure. The study includes members [n=110] of 12 projects [six construction projects, five product development projects and one organizational development project] from four Swedish companies. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and the response rate was 76%. Time pressure was negatively related, although slightly, to both estimated goal fulfillment and job satisfaction. The negative effect of time pressure was moderated by team support for the goal and collective ability in such a way that the negative effect disappeared. The findings remained after controlling for task complexity. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved.",Project work | Team processes | Time pressure,International Journal of Project Management,2004-08-01,Article,"Nordqvist, Stefan;Hovmark, Svante;Zika-Viktorsson, Annika",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955076183,10.1147/JRD.2009.5429030,A service delivery platform for server management services,"Computer server management is an important component of the global IT (information technology) services business. The providers of server management services face unrelenting efficiency challenges in order to remain competitive with other providers. Server system administrators (SAs) represent the majority of the workers in this industry, and their primary task is server management. Since system administration is a highly skilled position, the costs of employing such individuals are high, and thus, the challenge is to increase their efficiency so that a given SA can manage larger numbers of servers. In this paper, we describe a widely deployed Service Delivery Portal (SDP) in use throughout the Server Systems Operations business of IBM that provides a set of well-integrated technologies to help SAs perform their tasks more efficiently. The SDP is based on three simple design principles: 1) user interface aggregation, 2) data aggregation, and 3) knowledge centralization. This paper describes the development of the SDP from the vantage point of these three basic design principles along with lessons learned and the impact assessed from studying the behavior of SAs with and without the tool. © 2009 IBM.",,IBM Journal of Research and Development,2009-01-01,Article,"Lenchner, Jonathan;Rosu, Daniela;Velasquez, Nicole F.;Guo, Shang;Christiance, Ken;DeFelice, Don;Deshpande, Prasad M.;Kummamuru, Krishna;Kraus, Naama;Luan, Laura Z.;Majumdar, Debapriyo;McLaughlin, Martin;Ofek-Koifman, Shila;P, Deepak;Perng, Chang Shing;Roitman, Haggai;Ward, Christopher;Young, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-7044245257,10.1080/1366880042000245443,Mitigating the tragedy of the digital commons: The problem of unsolicited commercial e-mail,"In this paper we examine time pressures facing faculty members in the USA, especially assistant professors. We consider whether the strategy of sequencing life events, specifically 'tenure first, kids later', is a viable strategy for faculty today. We draw from the 1998 National Survey of Post-Secondary Faculty, which includes data on over 10,000 full-time professors in US universities. We examine the amount of time faculty work on a weekly basis. We then consider the ages of assistant professors. We also document the prevalence of dual-career marriages in academia. Next we document the patterns of parental responsibilities among assistant professors, and examine the impact of marital and parental status on time devoted to professional responsibilities. We also discuss the impact of time pressures on job satisfaction. This analysis is designed to highlight the challenges of designing more family-friendly professional positions without recreating or reinforcing gender disparities in earnings and professional status. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",Academic careers | Academic productivity | Job satisfaction | Work-family conflict | Working time,"Community, Work and Family",2004-08-01,Review,"Jacobs, Jerry A.;Winslow, Sarah E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4043180462,10.3901/cjme.2004.02.173,The CEO in post-merger situations: An emerging theory on the management of multiple realities,"In electronics packaging the time-pressure dispensing system is widely used to squeeze the adhesive fluid in a syringe onto boards or substrates with the pressurized air. However, complexity of the process, which includes the air-fluid coupling and the nonlinear uncertainties, makes it difficult to have a consistent process performance. An integrated dispensing process model is introduced and then its input-output regression relationship is used to design a run to run control methodology for this process. The controller takes EWMA scheme and its stability region is given. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed run to run control method for dispensing process.",Dispensing system | Electronics packaging | Process control | Run to run control,Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition),2004-01-01,Article,"Zhao, Yixiang;Li, Hanxiong;Ding, Han;Xiong, Youlun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955886061,10.1080/13662716.2010.496247,"Work-related identities, virtual work acceptance and the development of glocalized work practices in globally distributed teams","Technological advances and economic changes have enabled distant collaboration between knowledge workers, and contributed to the increased use of globally distributed teams to accomplish knowledge-intensive work. This paper presents exploratory research that aims to improve our understanding of the interplay between multiple work identities and their effect on globally distributed teams' outcomes. We compare two globally distributed teams in Western organizations offshoring R&D activities towards emerging countries. Our grounded model shows that acceptance of virtual work is facilitated when the perception of different professional identities across sites is moderated by a shared organizational identity; when managerial support promotes cultural integration and diffused knowledge about the strategic objectives of virtual work; and when glocalized work practices are promoted and sustained over time. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications. ©2010 Taylor & Francis.",Globally distributed teams | Offshoring | Organizational identity | Professional identity | Work practice,Industry and Innovation,2010-08-27,Article,"Mattarelli, Elisa;Tagliaventi, Maria Rita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950855128,10.1145/1460563.1460664,Understanding the implications of social translucence for systems supporting communication at work,"In this paper we describe a study that explored the implications of the Social Translucence framework for designing systems that support communications at work. Two systems designed for communicating availability status were empirically evaluated to understand what constitutes a successful way to achieve Visibility of people's communicative state. Some aspects of the Social Translucence constructs: Visibility, Awareness and Accountability were further operationalized into a questionnaire and tested relationships between these constructs through path modeling techniques. We found that to improve Visibility systems should support people in presenting their status in a contextualized yet abstract manner. Visibility was also found to have an impact on Awareness and Accountability but no significant relationship was seen between Awareness and Accountability. We argue that to design socially translucent systems it is insufficient to visualize people's availability status. It is also necessary to introduce mechanisms stimulating mutual Awareness that allow for maintaining shared, reciprocical knowledge about communicators' availability state, which then can encourage them to act in a socially responsible way. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Accountability | Ambiguity | Awareness | Mediated communication | Social Translucence | Socially responsible behaviour | Visibility,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Szostek, Agnieszka Matysiak;Karapanos, Evangelos;Eggen, Berry;Holenderski, Mike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4644236349,10.3758/BF03196582,IIIa. Governance from a Sociological Perspective,"Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) methods have been used to contrast single- and dual-process accounts of recognition memory. In these procedures, subjects are presented with individual test items and are required to make recognition decisions under various time constraints. In this experiment, we presented word lists under incidental learning conditions, varying the modality of presentation and level of processing. At test, we manipulated the interval between each visually presented test item and a response signal, thus controlling the amount of time available to retrieve target information. Study-test modality match had a beneficial effect on recognition accuracy at short response-signal delays (≤300 msec). Conversely, recognition accuracy benefited more from deep than from shallow processing at study only at relatively long response-signal delays (≥300 msec). The results are congruent with views suggesting that both fast familiarity and slower recollection processes contribute to recognition memory.",,Psychonomic Bulletin and Review,2004-01-01,Article,"Boldini, Angela;Russo, Riccardo;Avons, S. E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2342464833,10.1080/01490400490432127,Time flies like an arrow: Tracing antecedents and consequences of temporal elements of organizational culture,"Time pressure is a perception of being rushed or pressed for time. In its most extreme form, time pressure has implications for leisure, health and wellbeing. Although previous findings from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) show that time pressure affects large numbers of Australians (ABS, 1998; Bittman, 1998), no research has addressed chronic time pressure (ie. always feeling time pressured). This study aims to use selected demographic variables to develop a model to predict chronic time pressure in the Australian population. The implications of chronic time pressure for leisure research are also discussed. © Taylor and Francis Inc.",Chronic time pressure | Leisure | Logistic regression,Leisure Sciences,2004-04-01,Article,"Gunthorpe, Wendy;Lyons, Kevin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84891417132,10.1007/978-3-8349-6030-6,The Application of the Controllability Principle and Managers' Responses: a role theory perspective,"In recent works on the design of management control systems, interest in the controllability principle has seen a revival. Franz Michael Fischer investigates the effects of the principle's application on managers' responses. The author further explores the impact of several important contextual factors on the basic relationships and, thus, develops moderated mediation models. The results are based on interview data gathered from 12 managers and survey data from 432 managers which confirm most of the hypotheses. The data analysis reveals that the application of the controllability principle has a significant effect on role stress and role orientation which, in turn, are related to managerial performance and affective constructs. © Gabler Verlag Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH 2010. All rights reserved.",,The Application of the Controllability Principle and Managers' Responses: A Role Theory Perspective,2010-12-01,Book,"Fischer, Franz Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884528235,10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639724.003.0016,Refining shadowing methods for studying managerial work,"This chapter uses the research methodology of shadowing to present managerial work. The concept of abduction is used to illustrate the potential flexibility of semi-structured managerial observations. The chapter describes the value of shadowing as a research methodology because of the access it provides to managerial work. In addition, the use of structure in field observations complements the anecdotal or unstructured recording of events and conversations. In the analysis of empirical data, repeated codings and coding changes are possible. Examples of abductions are developed into theoretical concepts. New theoretical contributions are possible when a combination of structure and flexibility is balanced with openness to surprising ideas throughout the research process.",Abduction | Managerial work | Semi-structured observations | Shadowing,The Work of Managers: Towards a Practice Theory of Management,2012-05-24,Book Chapter,"Arman, Rebecka;Vie, Ola Edvin;Åsvoll, Håvard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73349119059,10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00094-5,Do knowledge workers use e-mail wisely?,"This study investigates the e-mail usage behavior of knowledge workers through an in-depth literature review and a focus group discussion. It finds that people are ruled by e-mail, but think otherwise. In daily usage, many of the weaknesses of e-mail are converted into strengths, and having an information system background does not necessarily lead to sophistication in using e-mail tools. Further, users regard e-mail as a print medium rather than an interactive medium, and it has to a great extent replaced face-to-face communication in the workplace. E-mail users use the medium's carbon copy and forwarding features habitually and not out of necessity, and they do not usually handle work-related and personal e-mail messages separately. Finally, users seek opportunities to learn about e-mail functionality out of convenience, but these are not attained with ease. A contrast between these findings and conventional wisdom is drawn.",Focus group | Knowledge worker | Usage behavior,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2009-09-01,Article,"Huang, Eugenia Y.;Lin, Sheng Wei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1842531920,10.1016/j.obhdp.2003.12.003,Decanal work: Using role theory and the sociology of time to study the executive behavior of college of education deans,"Research on information exchange in group decision making has frequently assumed that information items have independent meanings. Relaxing this assumption raises new issues and presents new possibilities. In the experiment presented here, dyads worked on hidden profile decision tasks in which pairs of unshared information items had interdependent meanings. Dyad decisions were more likely to be accurate when each pair of interdependent items was allocated to a single member (a ""connected"" hidden profile) than when each pair of interdependent items was separated between the two members (a ""disconnected"" hidden profile). These information distributions influenced the degree to which dyads considered unshared information. Cognitive load was manipulated, and it impaired decision makers' ability to identify connections among interdependent information items. The differentiated distribution of information inherent in transactive memory systems moderated the negative effects of cognitive load on dyad decisions. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Decision making | Group processes | Hidden profiles | Time pressure | Transactive memory,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2004-01-01,Article,"Fraidin, Samuel N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866436438,10.1002/job.783,Individualism–collectivism and team member performance: Another look,"This study revisits the commonplace research conclusion that greater team member collectivism, as opposed to individualism, is associated with higher levels of individual-level performance in teams. Whereas this conclusion is based on the assumption that work in teams consists exclusively of tasks that are shared, typical teamwork also includes tasks that are individualized. Results of a laboratory study of 206 participants performing a mix of individualized and shared tasks in four-person teams indicate that heterogeneous combinations of individualism and collectivism are associated with higher levels of team member performance, measured as quantity of output, when loose structural interdependence enables individual differences in individualism-collectivism to exert meaningful effects. These results support the modified conclusion that a combination of individualism and collectivism is associated with higher levels of member performance in teams under typical work conditions; that is, conditions in which the tasks of individual members are both individualized and shared. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Groups | Individualism / collectivism | Teams,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2012-10-01,Article,"Wagner, John A.;Humphrey, Stephen E.;Meyer, Christopher J.;Hollenbeck, John R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1342303714,10.3200/GENP.131.1.18-28,Work and families,"Researchers assume that time pressure impairs performance in decision tasks by invoking heuristic processes. In the present study, the authors inquired (a) whether it was possible in some cases for time pressure to improve performance or to alter it without impairing it, and (b) whether the heuristic invoked by base-rate neglect under direct experience can be identified. They used a probability-learning design in 2 experiments, and they measured the choice proportions after each of 2 possible cues in each experiment. In 1 comparison, time pressure increased predictions of the more likely outcome, which improved performance. In 2 comparisons, time pressure changed the choice proportions without affecting performance. In a 4th comparison, time pressure hindered performance. The choice proportions were consistent with heuristic processing that is based on cue matching rather than on cue accuracy, base rates, or posterior probabilities. © 2004 Taylor ‖ Francis Group, LLC.",Base-rate neglect | Choice | Decision making | Probability learning,Journal of General Psychology,2004-01-01,Article,"Goodie, Adam S.;Crooks, C. L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-8644279022,10.1207/s1532785xmep0604_1,Kulttuuriset ajan mallit yliopiston pedagogisessa projektitoiminnassa,"In a variety of domains, complexity has been shown to be an important factor affecting cognitive processing. Complex syntax is 1 of the ways in which complexity has been shown to burden cognitive processing. Research has also shown that the determination of a message's truth, or reality, is affected by message complexity. Cognitive burden has been shown to cause unrealistic events to be judged as more real. Two experiments investigate the effects of syntactic complexity on the typicality assessment of previously rated typical and atypical television scenarios. Complex syntax exhibited a curvilinear effect on reality assessment, such that highly typical events became more unreal and highly atypical events became more real, whereas moderately typical scenarios were unaffected. The cognitive load added by complex syntax appeared to limit the processing of both reality and unreality cues. Adding time pressure was expected to increase cognitive load; however, it appeared to reverse the effects of complex syntax. Participants' syntax recognition results suggested that the complex syntax did burden processing as predicted. Tests with response latencies indicated that atypical scenarios and scenarios described with complex syntax were more slowly recognized.",,Media Psychology,2004-01-01,Article,"Bradley, Samuel D.;Shapiro, Michael A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-52949140211,10.1108/09526860810900754,Personal and organizational determinants of well-being at work: the case of Swedish physicians,"Purpose - The traditional perspective in the occupational and organizational psychology literature aimed at understanding well-being, has focused almost exclusively on the ""disease"" pole. Recently, however, new concepts focusing on health are emerging in the so-called ""positive psychology"" literature. The purpose of this paper is to test multiple possible linkages (or profiles) between certain personal, organizational, and cultural variables that affect both burnout and vigor. Burnout (disease) and vigor (health) are assumed to represent two extreme poles of the well-being phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach - An innovative statistical treatment borrowed from data mining methodology was used to explore the conceptual model that was utilized. A self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 1,022 physicians working in Swedish public hospitals was used. Standardized job/work demands with multiple items were employed in conjunction with the Uppsala Burnout scale, which was dichotomized into high (burnout) and low (vigor) score. A combination of ANOVAs and ""classification and regression tree analyses"" was utilized to test the relationships and identify profiles. Findings - Results show an architecture that predicts 59 percent of the explained variance and also reveals four ""tree branches"" with distinct profiles. Two configurations indicate the determinants of high-burnout risk, while two others indicate the configurations for enhanced health or vigor. Originality/value - In addition to their innovative-added value, the results can also be most instrumental for individual doctors and hospitals in gaining a better understanding of the aetiology of burnout/vigor and in designing effective preventative measures for reducing risk factors for burnout, and enhancing well-being (vigor). © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Doctors | Hospitals | Medical personnel | Stress | Sweden,International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance,2008-10-06,Article,"Diez-Pinol, M.;Dolan, S. L.;Sierra, V.;Cannings, Kathleen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3042561782,10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00090-8,Innovation success: An empirical study of software development projects in the context of the open source paradigm,"Two experiments explored actual and predicted outcomes in competitive dyadic negotiations under time pressure. Participants predicted that final deadlines would hurt their negotiation outcomes. Actually, moderate deadlines improved outcomes for negotiators who were eager to get a deal quickly because the passage of time was costly to them. Participants' erroneous predictions may be due to oversimplified and egocentric prediction processes that focus on the effects of situational constraints (deadlines) on the self and oversimplify or ignore their effects on others. The results clarify the psychological processes by which people predict the outcomes of negotiation and select negotiation strategies. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Negotiation | Social prediction | Time pressure,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2004-01-01,Article,"Moore, Don A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919724865,10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639724.003.0006,Work activities and stress among managers in health care,"This chapter reports on the work activities, time-use patterns, and stress patterns of ten health care managers in Sweden. The qualitative and quantitative evidence reveals the fragmentation in their nine-hour working days where each activity, on average, lasts only ten minutes. The timeuse patterns vary individually though some patterns are related to position and unit type. Activities deal with the coexisting and competing logics of employeeship, administration, and strategy and risk handling. None of the managers' approaches for handling the multiple legitimation processes and delimiting their workload boundaries really challenges the complexity of the coexistence of the multiple logics or the boundlessness of their working hours. Using biophysical measures, the research finds that stress reported by the managers is caused by (a) interruptions during challenging tasks and (b) personal situations such as private dilemmas and conflict-loaded or ineffective meetings. It is important to acknowledge managers' fragmented working situation and to recognize that management should be seen as collective process, or as part of an administrative system.",Administration | Employeeship | Health-care managers | Risk handling | Strategy | Stress patterns | Time-use patterns,The Work of Managers: Towards a Practice Theory of Management,2012-05-24,Book Chapter,"Arman, Rebecka;Wikström, Ewa;Tengelin, Ellinor;Dellve, Lotta",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0348217841,10.1046/j.1467-9450.2003.00367.x,"What is the relationship between long working hours, over-employment, under-employment and the subjective well-being of workers? Longitudinal evidence from the …","The effects on moral reasoning of gender, time pressure and seriousness of the issue at hand were investigated. In Experiment 1, 72 university students were presented with moral dilemmas and asked what actions the actors involved should take and to justify this. Women were found to be more care-oriented in their reasoning than men, supporting Gilligan's moral judgment model. Both time pressure and consideration of non-serious as opposed to serious moral dilemmas led to an increase in a justice orientation compared with a care orientation in moral judgments. In Experiment 2, a similar task was given to 80 persons of mixed age and profession, and the participants' moral reasoning was coded in terms of its being either duty-orientated (duty, obligations, rights) or consequence-oriented (effects on others). Men were found to be more duty-oriented than women, and time pressure to lead to a greater incidence of duty orientation.",Care | Justice | Morality | Time pressure,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2003-12-01,Article,"Björklund, Fredrik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866122644,10.1002/jocb.7,Thinking Outside the Clocks: The Effect of Layered‐Task Time on the Creative Climate of Meetings,"The turbulence of the new economy puts demands on organizations to respond rapidly, flexibly and creatively to changing environments. Meetings are one of the organizational sites in which organizational actors ""do"" creativity; interaction in groups can be an important site for generating creative ideas and brainstorming. Additionally, Blount (2004) demonstrated the importance of organizational temporalities for group performance. We draw on both of these literatures and examine how temporal structures influence the climate for creativity, or the extent to which creativity is fostered, within groups. Specifically, we develop a hypothesis linking organization- and job-level temporal structures to the extent to which managers structure meetings with a climate supportive of creativity. Our results demonstrate that a nuanced relationship exists between temporal structures and creative climate such that certain temporal structures appear to either enhance or decrease the creative climate of meetings. We end with a discussion of the implications of the findings for management. © 2012 by the Creative Education Foundation, Inc.",Creative climate | Layered-task time | Meetings | Temporality,Journal of Creative Behavior,2012-06-01,Article,"Agypt, Brett;Rubin, Beth A.;Spivack, April J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645931345,10.1097/00004010-200601000-00003,Negotiating time scripts during implementation of an electronic medical record,"Practitioners renegotiated time use requirements in an electronic medical record (EMR), thereby improving fit between health information technology (HIT) and clinical practices. The study contains important implications for managing HIT implementation. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.",EMR | Hospital | Localization | Time,Health Care Management Review,2006-01-01,Article,"Bar-Lev, Shirly;Harrison, Michael I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749682712,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06009-2,"The Human factors of sustainable building design: Post occupancy evaluation of the Philip Merrill Environmental Center, Annapolis, MD","Despite the potentially vital implications of time pressure for group performance in general and team effectiveness in particular, research has traditionally neglected the study of time limits and group effectiveness. We examine the small, but growing, body of research addressing the effect of time pressure on group performance and introduce our Attentional Focus Model of group effectiveness (Karau & Kelly, 1992). We examine recent research on the utility of the model and identify selected implications of the model for how time pressure may interact with other factors such as task type, group structure, and personality to influence team performance. Finally, we discuss methodological issues of studying attention, interaction processes, and team performance. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Karau, Steven J.;Kelly, Janice R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0442325474,,The bureaucratization of science,"Managers often have to face the dilemma whether to continue with a failing course of action or to accept the losses and abandon it. Managers often escalate their commitment to a failing project. This paper focuses on information search in failing projects and proposes that before the project is initiated managers will possess a deliberative mindset that is open to diverse information but after the project begins, managers will possess an implemental mindset reducing their information search. In case of a failing project the information search may even be narrower. Time pressure will reduce information search and exacerbate the escalation behavior whereas experience may moderate this effect.",Commitment | Experience | Information Search | Time Pressure,Proceedings - Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute,2003-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jani, Arpan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925760701,10.1016/j.respol.2015.01.019,Exploring the relationship between multiple team membership and team performance: The role of social networks and collaborative technology,"Firms devoted to research and development and innovative activities intensively use teams to carry out knowledge intensive work and increasingly ask their employees to be engaged in multiple teams (e.g., R&D project teams) simultaneously. The literature has extensively investigated the antecedents of single teams performance, but has largely overlooked the effects of multiple team membership (MTM), i.e., the participation of a focal team's members in multiple teams simultaneously, on the focal team outcomes. In this paper we examine the relationships between team performance, MTM, the use of collaborative technologies (instant messaging), and work-place social networks (external advice receiving). The data collected in the R&D unit of an Italian company support the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between MTM and team performance such that teams whose members are engaged simultaneously in few or many teams experience lower performance. We found that receiving advice from external sources moderated this relationship. When MTM is low or high, external advice receiving has a positive effect, while at intermediate levels of MTM it has a negative effect. Finally, the average use of instant messaging in the team also moderated the relationship such that at low levels of MTM, R&D teams whose members use instant messaging intensively attain higher performance while at high levels of MTM an intense use of instant messaging is associated with lower team performance. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications for innovative firms engaged in multitasking work scenarios.",Collaborative technologies | External advice receiving | Instant messaging | Multiple team membership (MTM) | R&D team performance | Social networks,Research Policy,2015-05-01,Article,"Bertolotti, Fabiola;Mattarelli, Elisa;Vignoli, Matteo;Macrì, Diego Maria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242721457,,Work and family life: Parental work schedules and child academic achievement,"A prior study [2] found that a ""Receive"" icon to inform operators when new information had arrived was not effective because as time pressure increased operators increasingly made decisions before, not after, receiving all information. Although it was easy to modify the ""Receive"" icon so operators could tell if information arrived before or after a decision, we wondered if we could more effectively support operators' information processing strategy by changing their reward structure, not the interface. In particular, we hypothesized that increasing the importance of decision accuracy versus quantity would make operators wait for information and, therefore, be able to maintain accuracy under the highest time pressure level even with the old ""Receive"" icon. A factorial experiment was performed, and that's exactly what we found. The results indicate the importance of considering operators' reward structure, not just their system interface, when supporting operators' information processing strategies under time pressure.",Decision making | Human-computer interface | Icons | Reward structure | Time pressure,"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics",2003-11-24,Conference Paper,"Adelman, Leonard;Gambill, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1242286454,10.1109/TEPM.2003.820824,Patterns of Time Use and Happiness in Bhutan: Is there a relationship between the two?,"Fluid dispensing is one critical process in electronics packaging, in which fluid materials (such as encapsulant, adhesive) are delivered controllably onto substrates for the purpose of encapsulation. Time-pressure dispensing is recently the most widely used approach, and its control has proven to be a challenging task due to the fact that the dispensing process performance is significantly affected by the behavior of the fluid dispensed. Moreover, if the fluid exhibits time-dependent behavior, the control becomes more difficult and demanding. This paper presents a method to model the time-pressure dispensing process, taking into account the time-dependent fluid behavior. Based on the model developed, an off-line control strategy is developed for improving the process performance. Experiments on a typical commercial dispensing system were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the modeling method and the off-line control strategy.",Electronics packaging | Model updating | Off-line control | Time-dependent fluid behavior | Time-pressure dispensing,IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing,2003-10-01,Article,"Chen, X. B.;Zhang, W. J.;Schoenau, G.;Surgenor, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874876933,10.1007/s11577-013-0193-x,Management und Teilzeit?-Eine empirische Analyse zur Verbreitung von Teilzeitarbeit unter Managerinnen und Managern in Europa.,"Part-time work helps organizations to ensure flexibility and allows employees to combine work and family duties. However, despite their desire to work reduced hours, many individuals work full-time - particularly those in leadership positions. This article therefore examines which factors contribute to the use of part-time work among managers. By analysing a data set that combines individual-level data from the European Labor Force Survey (2009) with country-level information from various sources, we identify the circumstances under which managers reduce their working hours and the factors that explain the variations in part-time work among managers in Europe. Our multi-level analyses show that normative expectations and cultural facts rather than legal regulations can explain these cross-national differences. © 2013 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.",International comparison | Managers | Multi-level analyse | Part-time work,Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie,2013-03-01,Article,"Hipp, Lena;Stuth, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79954505716,10.1108/17465660910973934,Performance evaluation of resource allocation strategies for new product development under different workload scenarios,"Purpose – Resource scarcity is a major difficulty facing firms that engage in new product development (NPD) projects. The purpose of this paper is to understand how resource allocation strategies affect NPD performance and which strategy is the best alternative, a research and development (R&D) process model is constructed using system dynamics. Design/methodology/approach – Moreover, resource allocation strategies are categorized into two types: design/stage/first strategy and manufacturing/stage/first strategy, and several important indicators of performance evaluation are defined. Then different workload scenarios are developed to test the relationships between resource allocation strategy and various NPD performance measures. Findings – The most important finding from simulation results is that a firm should allocate its resources into early development stage first in order to obtain superior R&D performance. Originality/value – This paper has successfully constructed new system dynamics model for quantifying the performances of R&D process. © 2009, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Modelling | Simulation,Journal of Modelling in Management,2009-07-03,Article,"Wang, Kung Jeng;Lee, Yun Huei;Wang, Sophia;Chu, Chih Peng",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0642272949,10.1080/00224540309598463,Shadowing research in organizations: the methodological debates,"The authors performed 2 experiments that explored the causal role of need for closure in producing the use of simple structures. In particular, the authors gave the participants a cue that called for a complex or a simple solution on a cognitive complexity task. The authors created the participants' need for closure through the use of time pressure. The results of both experiments revealed that participants only generated complex solutions in the complex cue-no time pressure condition. The discussion is focused on the effects of need for closure in tasks calling for adaptive and spontaneous flexibility. © 2003 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Cognitive complexity | Flexibility | Need for closure | Need for structure | Time pressure,Journal of Social Psychology,2003-10-01,Article,"Van Hiel, Alain;Mervielde, Ivan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875444861,10.1016/j.ejor.2013.01.048,Minimum cost allocation of quality improvement targets under supplier process disruption,"This paper presents a system cost model to assist a manufacturer in assessing the minimum cost allocations of quality improvement targets to suppliers. The model accounts for the effects of autonomous learning and induced learning on quality improvement, via variance reductions of supplier processes. The model further accounts for the effects of planned and unplanned disruptions in supplier production processes, where such gaps in production decreases the amount of autonomous learning while providing an opportunity for induced learning, thereby counteracting the effect of disruptions on process improvement. An optimization model is developed that obtains the quality improvement allocations that minimize system expected cost to both suppliers and manufacturer. The proposed models also account for both the uncertainty in the realized induced learning rate as well as uncertainty in the realized level of process disruptions. An example is used to demonstrate an implementation of the proposed models and to assess the sensitivity of the optimal target allocations to several model parameters. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Autonomous learning | Induced learning | Manufacturer and supplier process | Process disruption | Quality management,European Journal of Operational Research,2013-07-16,Article,"Wang, Weijia;Plante, Robert D.;Tang, Jen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874533057,10.1016/j.scaman.2012.09.003,Time and play in management practice: An investigation through the philosophies of McTaggart and Heidegger,"Following the work of the idealist philosopher John McTaggart, we argue studies of management practice use two senses of socially constructed time, distinguished as A and B series. In B series, time is spatialized into calculable instants allowing the structuring and intensification of commercial activity into sequences of means and ends, something that that aids exploitation. In A series, time is akin to experience in which the future and past are open to subjects' imagination and interpretation, something that aids exploration. We then extend this theorization of time in management practice; specifically we conceptually develop A series by considering the intimacy between time, experience and existence. Drawing on the work of Heidegger we develop another idea of time - 'world time' - in which altogether different possibilities for managerial practice may be glanced, ones associated with experiment and play in which time is no longer something to be saved, or made use of, because time is no longer understood as a resource, or even a thing. World time, we argue, develops the work of James March, by de-coupling exploration from exploitation; no longer is one in the service of the other. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.",Adam Smith | Division of labour | Heidegger | McTaggart | Play | Practice | Process | Time,Scandinavian Journal of Management,2013-03-01,Article,"Bakken, Tore;Holt, Robin;Zundel, Mike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951867219,10.1109/ICSE.2015.335,What makes a great software engineer?,"Good software engineers are essential to the creation of good software. However, most of what we know about softwareengineering expertise are vague stereotypes, such as 'excellent communicators' and 'great teammates'. The lack of specificity in our understanding hinders researchers from reasoning about them, employers from identifying them, and young engineers from becoming them. Our understanding also lacks breadth: what are all the distinguishing attributes of great engineers (technical expertise and beyond)? We took a first step in addressing these gaps by interviewing 59 experienced engineers across 13 divisions at Microsoft, uncovering 53 attributes of great engineers. We explain the attributes and examine how the most salient of these impact projects and teams. We discuss implications of this knowledge on research and the hiring and training of engineers.",Expertise | Software engineers | Teamwork,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2015-08-12,Conference Paper,"Li, Paul Luo;Ko, Andrew J.;Zhu, Jiamin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56549130738,10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.007,A cross-cultural investigation of temporal orientation in work organizations: A differentiation matching approach,,,International Journal of Intercultural Relations,2008-11-01,Article,"Leonard, Karen Moustafa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84939784459,10.5465/amj.2012.0911,Watching you watching me: Boundary control and capturing attention in the context of ubiquitous technology use,"As information communication technologies proliferate in the workplace, organizations face unique challenges managing how and when employees engage in work and nonwork activities. Using interview and archival data from the U.S. Navy, we explore one organization's attempts to shape individual attention in an effort to exert boundary control. We describe the organizational productivity and security problems that result from individual attention being engaged in nonwork activities while at work, and find that the organization manages these problems by monitoring employees (tracking attention), contextualizing technology use to remind people of appropriate organizational use practices (cultivating attention), and diverting, limiting, and withholding technology access (restricting attention). We bring together research on attention and control to challenge current definitions of boundary control, and we detail the understudied situational controls used by the organization to shape work-nonwork interactions in the moment. We highlight how situational control efforts must work together in order to capture attention and shape behavior, and we develop a model to explicate this ongoing process of boundary control. Our findings offer insight into the evolving challenges that organizations face in executing boundary control, as well as of organizational control more broadly, in the modern workplace.",,Academy of Management Journal,2015-06-01,Article,"Stanko, Taryn L.;Beckman, Christine M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0141575583,10.2466/pms.2003.96.3.1040,Navigating computer science research through waves of privacy concerns: Discussions among computer scientists at Carnegie Mellon University,"The present study investigated differences in information processing rate of high and low level soccer players under three time-pressure conditions: High (0.5 sec.), Medium (1 sec.), and Low (2 sec.). No significant difference was found under Low time pressure, but under Medium time pressure the higher skilled group processed more visual information than the lower skilled group (p<.05).",,Perceptual and Motor Skills,2003-01-01,Article,"Zhongfan, Lu;Inomata, Kimihiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037829144,10.1080/01490400306563,Shadowing managers engaged in care: Discovering the emotional nature of managerial work,"The purpose of this study was to develop a model of leisure style and spiritual wellbeing relationships, and the processes (spiritual functions of leisure) by which leisure can influence spiritual well-being. Also, the role of leisure in ameliorating the effects of time pressure on spiritual well-being was examined. Structural equation modeling using AMOS was employed to test direct and indirect effects models of the relationships among components of leisure style (leisure activity participation, leisure motivation, and leisure time), spiritual functions of leisure (sacrilization, repression avoidance, sense of place) and spiritual well-being (both behavioral and subjective). The model developed suggests that some components of people's leisure styles lead to certain behaviors and experiences (spiritual functions of leisure) that maintain or enhance spiritual well-being. These spiritual functions of leisure may also serve as coping strategies to ameliorate the negative influence of time pressure on spiritual well-being.",Leisure | Spiritual functions of leisure | Spiritual well-being | Stress | Time pressure,Leisure Sciences,2003-04-01,Article,"Heintzman, Paul;Mannell, Roger C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860817644,10.4324/9780203889947,"Time management. Logic, effectiveness and challenges",,,Time in Organizational Research,2008-09-09,Book Chapter,"Claessens, Brigitte J.C.;Roe, Robert A.;Rutte, Christel G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038068867,10.1177/106480460301100205,The Devil's in the Detail,Designing for stressful and high-workload situations is becoming increasingly important with the continuing growth of the human as a system monitor and overseer. Specifying crucial information during violent swings between extremes of underload and overload is a vital concern because temporal distortion and time criticality characterize these life-altering events.,,Ergonomics in Design,2003-01-01,Article,"Hancock, Peter A.;Szalma, James L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038648785,10.1016/S1467-0895(03)00003-4,Subjective distance in teams,"Increasing marketplace demand for real-time reporting of business information is inevitably leading to the requirement for more frequent assurance from auditors over the accuracy and reliability of such information. The frequency and speed with which auditors must provide assurance, coupled with the global dispersion of business clients, place more demand on the use of electronic communication media in all phases of the assurance process. However, there is little theoretical guidance concerning how to best match various electronic communication media representations to audit tasks. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to develop a media-task fit (METAFIT) model that can be used in future research endeavors, particularly for information inquiry tasks in judgment and decision-making. The METAFIT model specifies conditions and factors leading to an optimal bilateral (auditor-client) METAFIT, with the objective of maximizing task effectiveness. © 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Audit tasks | Client inquiry | Experience | Interactivity | Media richness | Reprocessability | Task equivocality | Task performance | Time pressure,International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,2003-03-01,Article,"Nöteberg, Anna;Benford, Tanya L.;Hunton, James E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856739710,10.1111/j.1467-6486.2011.01021.x,Time in the new economy: The impact of the interaction of individual and structural temporalities on job satisfaction,"The 24/7 economy creates new organizational temporalities including a temporal structure called layered-task time (LTT), characterized by greater simultaneity, fragmentation, contamination, and constraint. This paper develops a measure of LTT, and examines the relationship between its components and job satisfaction as moderated by an individual's polychronicity, or propensity for multitasking. A total of 306 employees from various jobs, organizations, and industries were surveyed. The LTT measures provide promising initial evidence of reliability and content validity. We also find that those who are more polychronic are more satisfied in environments characterized by a need for multitasking and using dissimilar skills, as well as organizational temporal constraint and unpredictable shifts in temporal boundaries. Finally, we discuss implications for research on temporal structures in the workplace. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Management Studies © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.",Job satisfaction | Layered-task time | Polychronicity | Temporal structures | Time,Journal of Management Studies,2012-03-01,Article,"Agypt, Brett;Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67651177416,10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.05.002,Interruption management: A comparison of auditory and tactile cues for both alerting and orienting,"Tactile and auditory cues have been suggested as methods of interruption management for busy visual environments. The current experiment examined attentional mechanisms by which cues might improve performance. The findings indicate that when interruptive tasks are presented in a spatially diverse task environment, the orienting function of tactile cues is a critical component, which directs attention to the location of the interruption, resulting in superior interruptive task performance. Non-directional tactile cues did not degrade primary task performance, but also did not improve performance on the secondary task. Similar results were found for auditory cues. The results support Posner and Peterson's [1990. The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience 13, 25-42] theory of independent functional networks of attention, and have practical applications for systems design in work environments that consist of multiple, visual tasks and time-sensitive information. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Attention-orienting | Interruption management | Tactile cues | Task-switching,International Journal of Human Computer Studies,2009-09-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Clegg, Benjamin A.;Heggestad, Eric D.;Hopp-Levine, Pamela J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247862279,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17005-9,Individual temporality in the workplace: how individuals perceive and value time at work,"This chapter draws from psychological and organizational research to develop a conceptual model of individual temporality in the workplace. We begin by outlining several general cognitive and motivational aspects of human temporal processing, emphasizing its reliance on (a) contextual cues for temporal perception and (b) cognitive reference points for temporal evaluation. We then discuss how an individual's personal life context combines with the organizational context to shape how individuals situate their time at work through: (1) the adoption of socially constructed temporal schemas of the future; (2) the creation of personal work plans and schedules that segment and allocate one's own time looking forward; and (3) the selection of temporal referents associated with realizing specific, valued outcomes and events. Together, these elements shape how individuals perceive and evaluate their time at work and link personal time use to the broader goals of the organization. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Blount, Sally;Leroy, Sophie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938291711,10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.05.027,Interpersonal influence strategies in complex B2B sales and the socio-cognitive construction of relationship value,"The investigation of how exactly salespeople create value at the individual level of interaction is still incomplete. While there have been lively debates on value creation and co-creation processes at the organizational level in the business marketing literature, researchers have paid much less attention to the fact that such processes almost always start at the interpersonal level of buyer-seller interactions. Through utilizing a symbolic interactionist perspective and the ethnographic research method of shadowing, the present study moves research insights into value creation in sales forward by depicting the detailed activities and tactics that influence customers' value perceptions during the sales encounter. We complement the sales influence literature with three additional tactics: disrupt, reassure and dedicate. We also expand the framework of value creation in sales interactions by identifying three value strategies that change, strengthen or expand customer value perceptions through different socio-cognitive mechanisms.",B2B | Influence strategies | Sales | Symbolic interactionism | Value creation,Industrial Marketing Management,2015-08-01,Article,"Hohenschwert, Lena;Geiger, Susi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928992481,10.1111/caim.12086,Constraints that help or hinder creative performance: a motivational approach,"Threatening situations, in which people fear negative outcomes or failure, evoke avoidance motivation. Avoidance motivation, in turn, evokes a focused, systematic and effortful way of information processing that has often been linked to reduced creativity. This harmful effect of avoidance motivation on creativity can be problematic in financially turbulent times when people fear for their jobs and financial security. However, particularly in such threatening times, creativity may be crucial to innovate, adapt to changing demands and stay ahead of competitors. Here, I propose a theoretical framework describing how different types of constraints in the workplace affect creative performance under approach and avoidance motivation. Specifically, under avoidance motivation, constraints that consume or occupy cognitive resources should undermine creativity, but constraints that channel cognitive resources should facilitate creativity. Understanding the impact of different types of constraints on creative performance is needed to develop strategies for maximizing creativity in the workplace.",,Creativity and Innovation Management,2015-06-01,Article,"Roskes, Marieke",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84936882154,10.1177/1350508415573881,"Extreme work/normal work: Intensification, storytelling and hypermediation in the (re) construction of 'the New Normal'","The label ‘extreme’ has traditionally been used to describe out-of-the-ordinary and quasi-deviant leisure subcultures which aim at an escape from commercialized and over-rationalized modernity or for occupations involving high risk, exposure to ‘dirty work’ and a threat to life (such as military, healthcare or policing). In recent years, however, the notion of ‘extreme’ is starting to define more ‘normal’ and mainstream realms of work and organization. Even in occupations not known for intense, dirty or risky work tasks, there is a growing sense in which ‘normal’ workplaces are becoming ‘extreme’, especially in relation to work intensity, long-hours cultures and the normalizing of extreme work behaviours and cultures. This article explores extreme work via a broader discussion of related notions of ‘edgework’ and ‘extreme jobs’ and suggests two main reasons why extremity is moving into everyday organizational domains; the first relates to the acceleration and intensification of work conditions and the second to the hypermediation of, and increased appetite for, extreme storytelling. Definitions of extreme and normal remain socially constructed and widely contested, but as social and organizational realities take on ever more extreme features, we argue that theoretical and scholarly engagement with the extreme is both relevant and timely.",culture industry | edgework | extreme jobs | extreme work | hypermediation | storytelling | work intensification,Organization,2015-07-11,Editorial,"Granter, Edward;McCann, Leo;Boyle, Maree",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041382138,10.1167/2.7.171,Time and space perception on media platforms,"Purpose. In models of visual discrimination, sensory evidence accumulates over time, producing a tradeoff between speed and accuracy. To test whether pursuit and saccades obey the same speed-accuracy tradeoff, we measured the accuracy of pursuit and saccade choices over a large range of latencies. Methods. Human observers (n=2) initially fixated a central fixation cross. After a random interval, noise strips (0.7° ver x 40° hor moving horizontally (14°/s) were presented both above and below (± 2°) fixation. To elicit a range of latencies, the offset of the fixation cross varied in time (+200, 0, -200 ms) relative to the onset of the noise strips. The luminances of the pixels in the two noise strips were drawn from two normal distributions with different means, but with the same standard deviation. The difference in means was adjusted to produce signal strengths of d' = 0.05 or 0.1. The observers were asked to make an eye movement to and follow the brighter of the two strips. Because the strips moved horizontally in opposed directions and were vertically offset, subjects made a combination of pursuit and saccades on each trial. For each of the two signal strengths, we constructed speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades by plotting cumulative sensitivity as a function of time. Additionally, we measured the sensitivity of pursuit in a 1000-ms perisaccadic interval. Results. The trajectories of the speed-accuracy curves for pursuit and saccades were similar - both increased from chance to asymptotic performance by 500 ms. Pursuit reached 95% of its final sensitivity at 44 and 98 ms before the saccade for our two subjects, respectively. Conclusions. The similarity in the speed-accuracy tradeoffs for pursuit and saccades supports the idea that choices by both eye movement systems are based on a shared pool of sensory evidence. The perisaccadic enhancement of pursuit sensitivity indicates that this sensory evidence accrues on a similar time scale for both movements.",,Journal of Vision,2002-12-01,Article,"Liston, D.;Carello, C. D.;Krauzlis, R. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751634320,10.1177/001979391106400203,Membership has its privileges? Contracting and access to jobs that accommodate work-life needs,"Using job-spell data based on an original survey of Information Technology (IT) degree graduates from five U.S. universities, the authors investigate the link between contracting and a set of job characteristics (accommodating flexible work hours, total work hours, and working from home) associated with work-life needs. Compared with regular employees in similar jobs, workers in both independent- and agency-contracting jobs report more often working at home and working fewer hours per week. Further, agency contracting (but not independent contracting) is associated with lower odds of being able to set one's own work hours. Important differences also emerge in workplaces of varying sizes. For each job characteristic, as workplace size increases, independent contracting jobs deteriorate relative to regular employment jobs. As a consequence, in large workplaces, independent contracting jobs appear to be less accommodating of work-life needs than regular employment jobs. © by Cornell University.",,Industrial and Labor Relations Review,2011-01-01,Review,"Briscoe, Forrest;Wardell, Mark;Sawyer, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953629506,10.1145/1321211.1321258,Information bridging in a global organization,"This paper describes an interview study investigating the collaborative information-seeking and - sharing practices of a global software testing team. A site located in Europe was used as a temporal bridge to help in managing time zone differences between the US, China and India. All sites utilized this bridge for critical, synchronous information seeking. Interviews suggest that bridging can be a taxing job and that the success of the bridging arrangement depended upon an intricate balance of temporal, infrastructure and cultural factors Copyright © 2007 Allen Milewski, Marilyn Tremaine, Richard Egan, Suling Zhang, Felix Köbler, Patrick O'Sullivan and IBM Corp.",,"Proceedings of the 2007 Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research, CASCON '07",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Milewski, Allen E.;Tremaine, Marilyn;Egan, Richard;Zhang, Suling;Köbler, Felix;O'Sullivan, Patrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875348442,10.1080/09695958.2012.752151,Salaried lawyers and billable hours: a new perspective from the sociology of work,"The work of legal professionals is changing rapidly, but the changes have not yet been thoroughly investigated from the perspective of the sociology of work. This paper draws on a research project that examined the work of solicitors in private practice in Melbourne, Australia. It uses in-depth interviews, results of secondary surveys and other data sources in order to describe the dominant working-time patterns. The evidence points to a common pattern of rigid and demanding schedules, which can be traced back to the indirect pressures exerted by the widespread system of 'billable hours'. The paper takes up the challenge to examine the operation of this system. We argue that the billable hours system, initially just a technique for billing clients, has been transformed into a tool for measuring and controlling the work of salaried solicitors, through setting of targets, close time recording, careful monitoring, and a supple set of sanctions. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of the Legal Profession,2012-03-01,Article,"Campbell, Iain;Charlesworth, Sara",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1242283077,10.1115/1.1514058,Empirical development of a scale of patience,"Time-pressure dispensing has been widely employed in electronics packaging manufacturing, where the fluid (such as encapsulant, epoxy, adhesive, etc.) in a syringe is driven by pressurized air and delivered onto boards or substrates. In such a process, the flow rate dynamics is critical in controlling the amount of fluid dispensed, yet extremely difficult to represent due to its complex behavior. This paper presents the development of a model of the flow rate dynamics in time-pressure dispensing, taking into account both air compressibility and fluid inertia. Experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model developed.",,"Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Transactions of the ASME",2002-12-01,Article,"Chen, X. B.;Schoenau, G.;Zhang, W. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908212783,10.1111/ntwe.12030,"Looking for people, places and connections: hindrances when working in multiple locations: a review","Mobile multi-locational workers move a lot spatially, utilise different locations for work and communicate with others via electronic tools. This article presents an analysis of previously published empirical studies focusing on mobile workers' experiences of hindrances in five types of locations. Our review shows that some of the hindrances are unique for certain types of locations, while others recur in all or most of them. The change of physical locations results in continuous searching for a place to work and remaining socially as an outsider in all communities, including the main office. Limited connections and access in used locations seem to be the main challenges of virtual spaces despite of the recent developments in technology. In addition, we discuss the importance to consider hindrances caused by changing contexts as job demands, which can be influenced in work re/designing process.",Hindrances | Mobile work | Multi-locality | Physical | Social environment | Space | Virtual,"New Technology, Work and Employment",2014-01-01,Article,"Koroma, Johanna;Hyrkkänen, Ursula;Vartiainen, Matti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2642532065,,"Knock, knock! who׳ s there? Putting the user in control of managing interruptions","A second-year chemical engineering course in which recommendation such reducing content coverage and promoting active learning were adopted, is discussed. It suggested that learning styles and approaches to learning should be considered as complementary theories on learning. It is found that a conceptual approach is necessary and sufficient in this course. It is also suggested unless students were already using a conceptual approach at the start of the course, they were unlikely to make a change to it despite explicit attempts by the lecturers of foster development.",,Chemical Engineering Education,2002-12-01,Article,"Case, Jennifer M.;Fraser, Duncan M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937029629,10.1509/jmr.14.0130,"Pressed for time? Goal conflict shapes how time is perceived, spent, and valued","Why do consumers often feel pressed for time? This research provides a novel answer to this question: consumers' subjective perceptions of goal conflict. The authors show that beyond the number of goals competing for consumers' time, perceived conflict between goals makes them feel that they have less time. Five experiments demonstrate that perceiving greater conflict between goals makes people feel time constrained and that stress and anxiety drive this effect. These effects, which generalize across a variety of goals and types of conflict (both related and unrelated to demands on time), influence how consumers spend time as well as how much they are willing to pay to save time. The authors identify two simple interventions that can help consumers mitigate goal conflict's negative effects: Slow breathing and anxiety reappraisal. Together, the findings shed light on the factors that drive how consumers perceive, spend, and value their time.",Choice | Consumer well-being | Goals | Time perception,Journal of Marketing Research,2015-06-01,Article,"Etkin, Jordan;Evangelidis, Ioannis;Aaker, Jennifer",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74549195055,10.1108/17410380910984203,Exploiting the concept of a manufacturing system part I: the relationship with process control,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish the influence and discipline of process control and systems engineering theory plus engineering practices in the chemical process industry on current operations management development. Thus, part I lays the requisite groundwork for subsequent papers, part II covering the concept of a manufacturing system and part III its expansion and exploitation into the managing/by/projects engineering change methodology to output an integrated whole. Design/methodology/approach – Extensive literature and wide ranging project review identifying relevance, mode of transference and application of process control techniques in discrete manufacture and other enterprises. Findings – Such “technology transfer” of the systems method has visibly improved discrete production performance, often to a state of international competitiveness. Contributions are made at many levels. These range from exploiting elements of the business process systems engineering (BPSE) toolkit is used to analyse material flow right up to examples of successfully enabling of the corporate achievement plan in large organisations. Research limitations/implications – Established systems philosophy is widely relevant. However, the point at which it transforms into systems engineering is application specific. Practical implications – No constraints are evident on application, but the extent of useful application is critically dependent on competence and culture of the enterprise. BPSE cannot be regarded as a “quick fix” panacea. It requires extensive and effective investment in people. For this reason a caveat emptor warning appears that applying the systems approach will fail unless taken seriously at all levels in the business. Originality/value – Originality confined to the domain of bringing existing knowledge together and exploiting it in such a way that the contribution to knowledge is greater than the sum of the constituent parts. © 2009, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Input/output analysis | Manufacturing systems | Modelling | Process management | Systems engineering,Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2009-09-04,Article,"Parnaby, John;Towill, Denis R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938422244,10.1080/1359432X.2015.1024664,Time for temporal team mental models: Expanding beyond “what” and “how” to incorporate “when”,"Although often ignored, establishing and maintaining congruence in team members’ temporal perceptions are consequential tasks that deserve research attention. Integrating research on team cognition and temporality, this study operationalized the notion of a temporal team mental model (TMM) at two points in time using two measurement methods. Ninety eight three-person teams participated in a computerized team simulation designed to mimic emergency crisis management situations in a distributed team environment. The results showed that temporal TMMs measured via concept maps and pairwise ratings each positively contributed uniquely to team performance beyond traditionally measured taskwork and teamwork content domains. In addition, temporal TMMs assessed later in teams’ development exerted stronger effects on team performance than those assessed earlier. The results provide support for the continued examination of temporal TMM similarity in future research.",Team cognition | Team mental models | Temporality | Time,European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,2015-09-03,Article,"Mohammed, Susan;Hamilton, Katherine;Tesler, Rachel;Mancuso, Vincent;McNeese, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77449150691,10.1080/01446190903236379,Tacit knowledge in rock construction work: a study and a critique of the use of the term,"Tacit knowledge is one of the perennial issues of discussion in both the knowledge management and construction management literature. Being by definition that which cannot be properly explained in existing operative vocabularies, tacit knowledge is a residual category in prescribed analytical frameworks in the knowledge management literature. However, knowledge that is not easily explained verbally or in written form plays a decisive role in the construction industry. For instance, in the case of rock construction work, the most skilled construction workers are capable of carrying out certain procedures without fully mastering accompanying operative vocabularies, thereby demonstrating the capacity to use what has been called aesthetic knowledge, a specific form of tacit knowledge recognizing the limits of verbal and written communication. Aesthetic knowledge is an emergent competence residing in everyday practices and is therefore capable of transcending operative vocabularies. In practical terms, both managers and practitioners should pay attention to the importance of tacit knowledge and aesthetic knowledge and construction companies should seek to provide arenas where tacit and aesthetic knowledge should be shared effectively. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.",Aesthetic knowledge | Rock construction work | Tacit knowledge,Construction Management and Economics,2009-12-01,Article,"Styhre, Alexander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036069271,10.1016/S0925-2312(02)00449-6,Organizational change and the meaning of time,"Recent experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the superior colliculus (SC) actively contributes to the integration of contextual information for the planning of saccadic eye movements. However, it is still under considerable discussion whether the neuronal processing mechanisms in the SC are also sufficient to account for target selection in response to multiple targets. Here, we use a neural field model which captures the basic pattern of lateral interaction in the SC to elucidate the role of the SC for the timing and metrics of a saccade in a double-target paradigm. Our modeling results suggest a more active role of the SC also for target selection. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Double-target paradigm | Neural fields | Saccade planning | Superior colliculus,Neurocomputing,2002-07-27,Article,"Schneider, Stefan;Erlhagen, Wolfram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036655005,10.1007/s00421-002-0611-7,The flesh and blood of improvisation: A study of everyday organizing,"The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether time pressure and verbal provocation has any effect on physiological and psychological reactions during work with a computer mouse. It was hypothesised that physiological reactions other than muscle activity (i.e. wrist movements, forces applied to the computer mouse) would not be affected when working under stressful conditions. Fifteen subjects (8 men and 7 women) participated, performing a standardised text-editing task under stress and control conditions. Blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, electromyography, a force-sensing computer mouse and electrogoniometry were used to assess the physiological reactions of the subjects. Mood ratings and ratings of perceived exertion were used to assess their psychological reactions. The time pressure and verbal provocation (stress situation) resulted in increased physiological and psychological reactions compared with the two control situations. Heart rate, blood pressure and muscle activity in the first dorsal interosseus, right extensor digitorum and right trapezius muscles were greater in the stress situation. The peak forces applied to the button of the computer mouse and wrist movements were also affected by condition. Whether the increases in the physiological reactions were due to stress or increased speed/productivity during the stress situation is discussed. In conclusion, work with a computer mouse under time pressure and verbal provocation (stress conditions) led to increased physiological and psychological reactions compared to control conditions. © Springer-Verlag 2002.",Electromyography | Input device | Physiological reactions | Stress | Video display terminal,European Journal of Applied Physiology,2002-07-01,Article,"Wahlström, J.;Hagberg, M.;Johnson, P. W.;Svensson, J.;Rempel, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14744284601,10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2002)18:3(111),Time and exclusion,"A contractor prequalification process is a typical multiple criteria decision-making problem that embraces both quantitative and qualitative criteria. When facing such problems, a decision maker may need to provide uncertain, incomplete, or imprecise assessments due to a lack of information, time pressure and/or shortcomings in expertise. A multiple criteria decision-making method is then needed in order to deal with such assessments as well as for the meaningful and robust aggregation. This paper addresses these issues by applying an evidential reasoning approach to a contractor prequalification problem. The advantages and disadvantages of applying evidential reasoning to contractor prequalification problems in practice are also reported. © ASCE.",Construction industry | Contractors | Decision making,Journal of Management in Engineering,2002-07-01,Article,"Sönmez, M.;Holt, G. D.;Yang, J. B.;Graham, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946097733,10.1108/AAAJ-02-2015-1984,Illusio and overwork: playing the game in the accounting field,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand: how and why do experienced professionals, who perceive themselves as autonomous, comply with organizational pressures to overwork? Unlike previous studies of professionals and overwork, the authors focus on experienced professionals who have achieved relatively high status within their firms and the considerable economic rewards that go with it. Drawing on the little used Bourdieusian concept of illusio, which describes the phenomenon whereby individuals are “taken in and by the game” (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992), the authors help to explain the “autonomy paradox” in professional service firms. Design/methodology/approach – This research is based on 36 semi-structured interviews primarily with experienced male and female accounting professionals in France. Findings – The authors find that, in spite of their levels of experience, success, and seniority, these professionals describe themselves as feeling helpless and trapped, and experience bodily subjugation. The authors explain this in terms of individuals enhancing their social status, adopting the breadwinner role, and obtaining and retaining recognition. The authors suggest that this combination of factors cause professionals to be attracted to and captivated by the rewards that success within the accounting profession can confer. Originality/value – As well as providing fresh insights into the autonomy paradox the authors seek to make four contributions to Bourdieusian scholarship in the professional field. First, the authors highlight the strong bodily component of overwork. Second, the authors raise questions about previous work on cynical distancing in this context. Third, the authors emphasize the significance of the pursuit of symbolic as well as economic capital. Finally, the authors argue that, while actors’ habitus may be in a state of “permanent mutation”, that mutability is in itself a sign that individuals are subject to illusio.",Accounting firms | Compliance | Habitus | Illusio | Overwork | Pierre Bourdieu,"Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal",2015-10-19,Article,"Lupu, Ioana;Empson, Laura",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70350671732,10.1145/1477973.1477976,Understanding and supporting personal activity management by IT service workers,"Many recent studies provide evidence of the challenges experienced by knowledge workers while multi-tasking among several projects and initiatives. Work is often interrupted, and this results in people leaving activities pending until they have the time, information, resources or energy to reassume them. Among the different types of knowledge workers, those working directly with Information Technology (IT) or offering IT services - software developers, support engineers, systems administrators or database managers -, experience particularly challenging scenarios of multi-tasking given the varied, crisis-driven and reactive nature of their work. Previous recommendations and technological solutions to ameliorate these challenges give limited attention to individual's preferences and to understanding how and what tools and strategies could benefit IT service workers as individuals. Based on the analysis of characteristics of IT service work and a consolidation of findings regarding personal activity management processes, we present the design of a software tool to support those processes and discuss findings of its usage by four IT service workers over a period of eight weeks. We found that the tool is used as a central repository to orchestrate personal activity, complementing the use of e-mail clients and shared calendars as well as supporting essential aspects of IT-service work such as multi-tasking and detailed work articulation. Copyright 2008 ACM.",,"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computer Human Interaction for Management of Information Technology, CHiMiT '08",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gonzalez, Victor M.;Galicia, Leonardo;Favela, Jesus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745143984,10.1007/s10111-006-0028-x,Tactile interruption management: tactile cues as task-switching reminders,"Tactile cuing has been suggested as a method of interruption management for busy visual environments. This study examined the effectiveness of tactile cues as an interruption management strategy in a multi-tasking environment. Sixty-four participants completed a continuous aircraft monitoring task with periodic interruptions of a discrete gauge memory task. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups; one group had to remember to monitor for interruptions while the other group received tactile cues indicating an interruption's arrival and location. As expected, the cued participants evidenced superior performance on both tasks. The results are consistent with the notion that tactile cues transform the resource-intensive, time-based task of remembering to check for interruptions into a simpler, event-based task, where cues assume a portion of the workload, permitting the application of valuable resources to other task demands. This study is discussed in the context of multiple resource theory and has practical implications for systems design in environments consisting of multiple, visual tasks and time-sensitive information.",Interruption management | Prospective memory | Tactile cues | Task-switching,"Cognition, Technology and Work",2006-06-01,Article,"Hopp-Levine, Pamela J.;Smith, C. A.P.;Clegg, Benjamin A.;Heggestad, Eric D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952163712,10.4324/9780203879245,Organizational identity as a stakeholder resource,,,Exploring Positive Identities and Organizations: Building a Theoretical and Research Foundation,2009-05-28,Book Chapter,"Brickson, Shelley L.;Lemmon, Grace",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945123848,10.1007/3-540-45756-9_3,Les politiques et les pratiques de conciliation entre la vie professionnelle et la vie privée dans sept organisations de la nouvelle économie de Montréal: …,"This paper reports an initial analysis of a diary study of rendezvousing as performed by university students. The study’s tentative findings are: (i) usability ratings for communication services are a little worse during a rendezvous (when at least one person is en route) than before (when none have yet departed); (ii) problems rendezvousing caused more stress when the rendezvousing group was large (6 or more participants) than when the group was small, but led to no more lost opportunity. Finding (i) is attributed to the desire for instant communication (which is stronger when users are under time pressure), and the constraints placed upon interaction (which are tighter in public spaces than in personal spaces). Finding (ii) is attributed to the suggestion that large rendezvous include more acquaintances (whose contact details may not be known) and different kinds of subsequent activity. If rendezvousers need anything, this study suggests that they need greater connectivity and service availability, rather than greater bandwidth. Implications for the design of position-aware communications services are discussed.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Colbert, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036133996,10.1016/S0001-6918(01)00045-2,La porosité des temps chez les cadres. Proposition d'un modèle d'interactions entre temps personnel et temps professionnel,"An important approach to the investigation of movement selection and preparation is the precuing paradigm where preliminary information about a multidimensional response leads to reaction time benefits which are positively related to the amount of precue information. This so-called precuing effect is commonly attributed to data-limited preparatory motoric processes performed in advance of the response signal. By means of recording the lateralised readiness potential (LRP), the present experiments investigated whether the precuing effect could be explained also by variables that affect strategic utilisation of stimulus-conveyed information. Experiment 1 presented fully and partially informative precues either in mixed or blocked mode. Experiment 2 exerted various degrees of time pressure to the different precue conditions. In both experiments, the precuing effect on reaction times and the LRP was fully preserved, refuting the notion that the sensitivity of the LRP to the amount of preliminary information merely reflects differential precue utilisation. As a major finding, time pressure increased the LRP amplitude during response preparation which is consistent with the view that response strategies generally influence movement preparation on a motoric level.",,Acta psychologica,2002-01-01,Article,"Sangals, Jörg;Sommer, W.;Leuthold, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955550762,10.1108/S1534-0856(2009)0000012014,How relational processes support team creativity,"Teams should be hotbeds of creativity, yet they may naturally experience many barriers that thwart their ability to generate and select the most creative ideas. We propose that team relational support - a relational process involving the exchange of help, information, advice, and emotional concern - can help teams overcome the barriers that undermine team creativity. The following chapter proposes a process model of relational support and team creativity - identifying the mechanisms through which team relational support aids team creative processes.",,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2009-12-01,Article,"Mueller, Jennifer;Cronin, Matthew A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040675702,10.1080/02724980143000235,Constructing and evaluating sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility,"Two experiments are reported, which employed a Pavlovian eyelid conditioning procedure with human participants. The experiments tested the predictions of three models of the time-course of processing under time pressure. These were the extended generalized context model (Lamberts, 1998), and two variants of the Rescorla-Wagner model (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972), which were activated in cascade mode. Reinforcement schedules in the experiments were equivalent either to an AND rule or to an XOR rule. The time available for processing the conditioned stimulus and initiating a conditioned response was manipulated by varying the interval from the onset of the conditioned stimulus to the onset of the unconditioned stimulus. The results were in accord with the predictions of one of the two variants of the Rescorla-Wagner model.",,Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology,2002-01-01,Article,"Kinder, Annette;Lachnit, Harald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036344822,,"Crowdsourcing scientific work: A comparative study of technologies, processes, and outcomes in citizen science","The aim of this paper is to study the effects of time pressure on group cohesiveness in different tasks types (creativity, intellective and mixed-motive) and communication media (face-to-face, videoconference and e-mail). It was carried out an experiment using a sample of 124 subjects, randomly assigned into six different experimental conditions (3*2 communication media*time pressure) in four-person work groups. The results showed the relevance of task type and communication media to understand the relation between time pressure and group cohesiveness. Specifically, time pressure influenced negatively on group cohesiveness, when interdependence task requirements were high or middle, and groups worked face-to-face. It is suggested that future research should include other environmental or individual variables to reach a better understanding of the relation between time pressure and group work outcomes.",,Psicothema,2002-01-01,Article,"Gracia, Francisco Javier;Caballer, Amparo;Peiró, José María",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84926408429,10.1111/isj.12064,The many faces of information technology interruptions: a taxonomy and preliminary investigation of their performance effects,"Despite the growing importance of information technology (IT) interruptions for individual work, very little is known about their nature and consequences. This paper develops a taxonomy that classifies interruptions based on the relevance and structure of their content, and propositions that relate different interruption types to individual performance. A qualitative approach combining the use of log diaries of professional workers and semi-structured interviews with product development workers provide a preliminary validation of the taxonomy and propositions and allow for the discovery of a continuum of interruption events that fall in-between the extreme types in the taxonomy. The results show that some IT interruptions have positive effects on individual performance, whilst others have negative effects, or both. The taxonomy developed in the paper allows for a better understanding of the nature of different types of IT interruption and their consequences on individual work. By showing that different types of interruptions have different effects, the paper helps to explain and shed light on the inconsistent results of past research.",Individual performance | Interviews | IT interruptions | Log diaries | Taxonomy,Information Systems Journal,2015-05-01,Article,"Addas, Shamel;Pinsonneault, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869466067,10.1145/634067.634330,Pluralistic and processual understandings of projects and project organizing: towards theories of project temporality,"We address the problem of predicting user intentions in cases of pointing ambiguities in graphical user interfaces. We argue that it is possible to heuristically resolve pointing ambiguities using implicit information that resides in natural pointing gestures, thus eliminating the need for explicit interaction methods and encouraging natural human-computer interaction. We present two speed-accuracy measures for predicting the size of the intended target object. These two measures are tested empirically and shown to be valid and robust. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of exact mouse location for disambiguation and the use of estimated movement continuation for predicting intended target objects at early stages of the pointing gesture. Copyright © 2012 ACM, Inc.",Fitts' law | Implicit disambiguation | Intelligent user interface | Pointing ambiguities | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2001-12-01,Conference Paper,"Noy, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035719944,10.1027//0269-8803.15.4.241,"Medication administration complexity, work interruptions, and nurses' workload as predictors of medication administration errors","The influence of strategy was examined for a simple response task, a choice-by-location task, and the Simon task by varying time pressure. Besides reaction time (RT) and accuracy, we measured response force and derived two measures from the event-related EEG potential to form an index for attentional orienting (posterior contralateral negativity: PCN) and the start of motor activation (the lateralized readiness potential: LRP). For the choice-by-location task and the Simon task, effects of time pressure were found on the response-locked LRP, but not on the onset of the PCN and the stimulus-locked LRP. Thus, strategy influences processing after the start of motor activation in choice tasks. A small effect of time pressure was found on the peak latency of the PCN in the Simon task, which suggests that time pressure may affect attentional orienting. In the simple response task, time pressure reduced the amplitude of the PCN. This finding suggests that strategy affects attentional orienting to stimuli when these stimuli are not highly relevant. Finally, the effect of time pressure on RT was much larger in the simple response task than in the other tasks, which may be ascribed to the possibility of preparing the required response in the simple response task.",LRP | Simon task | Simple and choice reactions | Strategy | Time pressure,Journal of Psychophysiology,2001-12-01,Article,"van der Lubbe, Rob H.J.;Jaśkowski, Piotr;Wauschkuhn, Bernd;Verleger, Rolf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035734623,10.1518/001872001775870403,"Time pressure, performance, and productivity","Operators in high-risk domains such as aviation often need to make decisions under time pressure and uncertainty. One way to support them in this task is through the introduction of decision support systems (DSSs). The present study examined the effectiveness of two different DSS implementations: status and command displays. Twenty-seven pilots (9 pilots each in a baseline, status, and command group) flew 20 simulated approaches involving icing encounters. Accuracy of the decision aid (a smart icing system), familiarity with the icing condition, timing of icing onset, and autopilot usage were varied within subjects. Accurate information from either decision aid led to improved handling of the icing encounter. However, when inaccurate information was presented, performance dropped below that of the baseline condition. The cost of inaccurate information was particularly high for command displays and in the case of unfamiliar icing conditions. Our findings suggest that unless perfect reliability of a decision aid can be assumed, status displays may be preferable to command displays in high-risk domains (e.g., space flight, medicine, and process control), as the former yield more robust performance benefits and appear less vulnerable to automation biases.",,Human Factors,2001-01-01,Article,"Sarter, Nadine B.;Schroeder, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-46149089694,10.1080/01449290600874865,Lost in translation: investigating the ambiguity of availability cues in an online media space,"In this paper we present a longitudinal study of an online media space addressing the question of how availability is managed in an interaction-intensive organization. We relied on three different data collection techniques and analysed our data in relation to three different work modes. During this study we participated in an online media space, for approximately six months making spot checks and observing the population from which ten subjects were selected for interviews. Our results show how techniques and strategies for availability management are developed and continuously adapted to a shared common ground. Further, our results show how having the communication channel open, and regulating availability on a social level instead of on a solely technical level, has the advantage of better coping with the ever-changing dynamics in group works. Finally, we show that there exists an ambiguity of availability cues in online media spaces that is smoothly handled by individuals.",Availability management | Interruptions | Media space | Workplace awareness,Behaviour and Information Technology,2008-05-01,Article,"Harr, R.;Wiberg, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035718429,10.3141/1752-02,Coordinating initiation and response in computer-mediated communication,"Existing activity-based models are typically concerned with predicting observed activity travel patterns. The study of the dynamics of the activity-scheduling process has received far less attention. To some extent, this situation can be explained by a lack of relevant data, but there is also a lack of conceptualization and simulation work. To fill this gap, the process of how individuals adjust their activity program as a function of anticipated time pressure during the execution of the program is conceptualized and specified.",,Transportation Research Record,2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Timmermans, Harry;Arentze, Theo;Joh, Chang Hyeon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84882039613,10.1007/1-4020-8095-6_31,Resistance or deviance? a high-tech workplace during the bursting of the dot-com bubble,"Under certain circumstances a critical orientation to the study of workplace deviance/resistance is necessary to understand ICT-enabled workplace culture and employee behavior. The critical orientation to workplace deviance characterizes acts in opposition to an organization with the potential to do harm as semi-organized group resistance to organizational authority. The questions that drive this research are does technology enable deviance? When does an act of social deviance become an act of resistance against domination? The answers depend on the perspective of the labeler. To discuss these I offer the example of a case study of a small software development company called Ebiz.com. For the first few years of the existence of Ebiz.com the social control exerted on the employees increased yet there were no observable or discussed acts of employee retaliation. I argue that the social environment of the dot-com bubble allowed several myths to propagate widely and affect human behavior. As the market began to fail and dot-corns began to close the employees seemed to recognize their situation and enact deviant behavior or resist. Most importantly what I have learned from this work is that ICT work may lead to increased deviant or resistant behaviors and that ICT work may also provide a means to do increased deviant or resistant behavior. © 2004 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.",Dot-com deviance resistance critical theory organizations workplace,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Tapia, Andrea Hoplight",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897978589,10.1111/nejo.12055,The curse of the smartphone: Electronic multitasking in negotiations,"In this study, we have explored the use of mobile phones during negotiations. Specifically, we examined the effects that multitasking - reading messages on a mobile phone while negotiating face to face - had on the outcome achieved in a negotiation, as well as on perceptions of professionalism, trustworthiness, and satisfaction. Using an experimental design in a face-to-face dyadic negotiation, we found that multitasking negotiators achieved lower payoffs and were perceived as less professional and less trustworthy by their partners. © 2014 President and Fellows of Harvard College.",Mobile device | Multitasking | Negotiation | Professionalism | Smartphone | Technology | Trust,Negotiation Journal,2014-01-01,Article,"Krishnan, Aparna;Kurtzberg, Terri R.;Naquin, Charles E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871548964,10.1145/2399016.2399124,Interrupting or not: exploring the effect of social context on interrupters' decision making,"In recent decades technology-induced interruptions emerged as a key object of study in HCI and CSCW research, but until recently the social dimension of interruptions has been relatively neglected. The focus of existing research on interruptions has been mostly on their direct effects on the persons whose activities are interrupted. Arguably, however, it is also necessary to take into account the ""ripple effect"" of interruptions, that is, indirect consequences of interruptions within the social context of an activity, to properly understand interrupting behavior and provide advanced technological support for handling interruptions. This paper reports an empirical study, in which we examine a set of facets of the social context of interruptions, which we identified in a previous conceptual analysis. The results suggest that people do take into account various facets of the social context when making decisions about whether or not it is appropriate to interrupt another person. Copyright © 2012 ACM.",Collaboration | Communication | Interpersonal relation | Interruptions | Physical proximity | Social context,NordiCHI 2012: Making Sense Through Design - Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction,2012-12-31,Conference Paper,"Harr, Rikard;Kaptelinin, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77952489315,10.1177/0261927X09359591,Managing third-party interruptions in conversations: Effects of duration and conversational role,"Dealing with interruptions in collaborative tasks involves two important processes: managing the face of one's partners and collaboratively reconstructing the topic. In an experiment, pairs were interrupted while narrating personal stories. The duration of the interruption and the conversational role of the target were manipulated. Listeners were more polite than narrators, and longer suspensions caused more effort in reinstatement than short suspensions, but participants were not more polite when suspensions were long. © 2010 SAGE Publications.",Collaborative tasks | Conversation | Interruptions | Narrative,Journal of Language and Social Psychology,2010-06-01,Article,"Bangerter, Adrian;Chevalley, Eric;Derouwaux, Sylvie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035508956,,Single development project,"In earlier studies of manual ultrasonic testing, great variations have been found in operator performance, often attributed to operator fatigue. However, no conclusive findings have been reported. In the present study, twenty operators performed manual ultrasonic inspections of six test-pieces with manufactured flaws. The operators performed the inspections under stress (high arousal - time pressure and noise) and no-stress conditions; one condition the first day and the other the second and last day. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law there is an optimal arousal level where performance is highest. It was hypothesised that the stress condition led to a level of arousal so high that it would affect the results negatively. However, contrary to the hypotheses it was found that the manipulation increased operator performance. Operators with the stress condition day 1 performed better than the other operators (under the no-stress condition). This was interpreted as the 'stress first' (group 1) operators had established efficient performance patterns the first day - affecting also the second day. Operators beginning with stress condition also tended to be more motivated. It was concluded that operator performance is affected by arousal.",,Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2001-11-01,Article,"Enkvist, J.;Edland, A.;Svenson, O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938419320,10.1080/1369118X.2015.1036094,Understanding video game developers as an occupational community,"The video game industry has rapidly expanded over the last four decades; yet there is limited research about the workers who make video games. In examining these workers, this article responds to calls for renewed attention to the role of the occupation in understanding project-based workers in boundaryless careers. Specifically, this article uses secondary analysis of online sources to demonstrate that video game developers can be understood as a unique social group called an occupational community (OC). Once this classification has been made, the concept of OC can be used in future research to understand video game workers in terms of identity formation, competency development, career advancement and support, collective action, as well as adherence to and deviance from organizational and industry norms.",creative labour | cultural labour | occupational community | technical labour | video game industry,Information Communication and Society,2015-10-03,Article,"Weststar, Johanna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247863860,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17001-1,Time–work discipline in the 21st century,"The introduction to Volume 17 of Research in the Sociology of Work: Workplace Temporalities, reviews prior literature and issues in the studies of time at work. It provides a brief summary of the chapters in this volume and addresses some of the major themes, particularly those with which sociologists might be unfamiliar, since this volume is, quite deliberately, interdisciplinary. The chapters in this volume demonstrate the complexities of workplace temporalities in the new economy and suggest that incorporating inquiry about time will inform understanding not only of the contemporary workplace, but also of social life more broadly. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035626767,10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699,"Incremental innovation and radical innovation: the impacts of human, structural, social, and relational capital elements","An agency framework is used to model the behavior of software developers as they weigh concerns about product quality against concerns about missing individual task deadlines. Developers who care about quality but fear the career impact of missed deadlines may take ""shortcuts."" Managers sometimes attempt to reduce this risk via their deadline-setting policies; a common method involves adding slack to best estimates when setting deadlines to partially alleviate the time pressures believed to encourage shortcut-taking. This paper derives a formal relationship between deadline-setting policies and software product quality. It shows that: (1) adding slack does not always preserve quality, thus, systematically adding slack is an incomplete policy for minimizing costs; (2) costs can be minimized by adopting policies that permit estimates of completion dates and deadlines that are different and; (3) contrary to casual intuition, shortcut-taking can be eliminated by setting deadlines aggressively, thereby maintaining or even increasing the time pressures under which developers work.",Agency Theory | Principal-Agent | Software Estimating | Software Measurement | Software Quality,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36049049734,10.1177/1466138107083563,Code talk'in soft work,"The performance of writing software is an under-studied phenomenon in Information Systems (IS) studies. Key aspects of the process of software development - the practice of writing code, coding texts collectively, maintaining and extending source code - are too often glossed or treated unproblematically as technical 'givens' rather than social accomplishments. Although ethnographic methods are now considered a valid mode of study in the software industry, there is a relative scarcity of ethnographic studies of the performance of programming itself. Utilizing data drawn from an ethnographic study of an Irish software development company, this article presents an intensive study of what I term 'code talk', the verbal interactions which attend the performance of programming software. 'Code talk' is then situated as a crucial element of a broader social understanding of collaborative knowledge work. © SAGE Publications, Inc. 2007.",Ethnography | Ethnomethodology | Information systems development | Programming | Software development | Workplace studies,Ethnography,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Higgins, Allen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876666494,10.1016/j.erap.2012.12.003,A field test of the quiet hour as a time management technique,"Introduction: This field study tested the effectiveness of quiet hours (an hour free of any phone calls, visitors or incoming emails). Objective: Based on interruptions research and on a behavioral decision-making approach to time management, we argue that establishing quiet hours is a precommitment strategy against predominantly harmful interruptions. Furthermore, conscientiousness and the use of other time management techniques should moderate the effects of the quiet hour. Method: We tested this by using a two-week experimental diary study with managers as participants. Results: Multi-level analyses showed that a quiet hour improved the performance on a task worked on during the quiet hour in comparison to a similar task on a day without a quiet hour. Furthermore, overall performance was higher on days with a quiet hour than on days without one. Conscientiousness acted as a moderator, unlike the use of other time management techniques. Conclusion: These results imply that more people should consider implementing a quiet hour, especially if they are non-conscientious. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS.",Diary study | Intervention | Performance | Quiet hour | Time management,Revue europeenne de psychologie appliquee,2013-01-01,Article,"König, C. J.;Kleinmann, M.;Höhmann, W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039782362,10.1080/00913367.2001.10673632,Multitasking in the digital age,"The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in time pressure and information between two broad classes of promotional offers: (1) “advanced receipts” in which consumers are encouraged to expedite the purchase of a good or service to take advantage of coupons, rebates, price-offs, premiums, etc.; and (2) “delayed payments, ” in which consumers are urged to “buy now and pay later.” A content analysis of 222 promotional offers was conducted using the time and outcome valuation model as a theoretical basis for understanding the role of time pressure in terms of time allowed before the offer expiration as well as copy and information in these different types of promotional offers. The findings indicate that delayed payment offers allow less time to participate than advanced receipt offers, have more time pressure copy for those promotional offers giving a deadline and provide more information. © 2001 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Journal of Advertising,2001-01-01,Article,"Spears, Nancy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84862548701,10.5465/amr.2010.0327,Understanding input events: A model of employees' responses to requests for their input,"To understand employees' responses to requests for their input, we describe cognitive and self-regulatory processes that make up ""input events."" Within the context of dynamic competing demands for employees' limited resources, we propose event-level features as determinants of the choices made on receiving an input request, illuminating whether and when employees provide input and how much thought goes into input formulation. We further consider the influence of individual characteristics on susceptibility to bias when making such choices. © 2012 Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2012-07-01,Review,"Richardson, Hettie A.;Taylor, Shannon G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874558823,10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00517.x,Helping and quiet hours: Interruption‐Free time spans can harm performance,"Whereas helping is costly for the helper, it is beneficial for the person who requests help. However, there is only scarce evidence on the relative costs and benefits of helping and this evidence is mixed. In addition, hardly any research investigates how these costs and benefits can be manipulated. With a laboratory experiment, we first examined how helping affects the performance of the helper, the help requester, and the dyad. Second, we investigated whether quiet hours that structure time into spans with interruptions and spans without interruptions decrease the costs of helping while keeping its benefits. We found that the requester's performance was higher and the helper's performance lower when help requests were permitted at any time rather than when no help was allowed. However, overall performance fell short of being significantly higher with help at any time. In addition, the helper's performance failed to be higher with quiet hours compared to interruptions at any time. Instead, both the helper's and the requester's performance were lower with quiet hours, resulting also in a lower overall performance. In search of an explanation, our data indicate that structuring time into spans with and without interruptions might generate costs of their own that could be reduced by setting fewer but longer spans without interruptions. © 2012 The Authors. Applied Psychology: An International Review © 2012 International Association of Applied Psychology.",,Applied Psychology,2013-04-01,Article,"Käser, Philipp A.W.;Fischbacher, Urs;König, Cornelius J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953294527,10.1017/CBO9781107587793.011,"How being mindful impacts individuals' work-family balance, conflict, and enrichment: a review of existing evidence, mechanisms and future directions","Growing exponentially over the past several decades, the topic of work and family has fueled a large body of scholarship (see Allen 2012 for a review). Interest in work and family is expansive. The struggle to balance work and family is one that resonates with many adults. It is a topic of concern to organizations (Society for Human Resource Management Workplace Forecast 2008) and to societies across the globe (Poelmans, Greenhaus, and Las Heras Maestro 2013). Indeed, work-family issues have captured the attention of the public at large, frequently appearing as a focal topic in the popular press with titles such as “Why Women Still Can's Have It All” (Slaughter 2012) and “Men Want Work-Family Balance, and Policy Should Help Them Achieve It” (Covert 2013). To date, the majority of work-family scholarship has focused on situational factors that help or inhibit individuals' abilities to manage multiple role responsibilities. This focus has resulted in a considerable body of work that has demonstrated links between stressors and demands emanating from the work and the family domains with constructs such as work-family conflict (Michel, Kotrba, Mitchelson, Clark, and Baltes 2011). Much of the attention aimed at reducing work-family conflict has centered on organizational practices such as flexible work arrangements and dependent care supports, despite findings that such practices have limited effectiveness in terms of alleviating work-family conflict (Allen et al. 2013; Butts, Casper, and Yang 2013). Work-family intervention research has focused on training supervisors to be more family-supportive (e.g., Hammer et al. 2011) or on flexible work practices (e.g., Perlow and Kelly 2014). Such approaches are based on the notion that experiences such as work-family conflict are primarily provoked by the situation. There is also a growing body of research that demonstrates that personality variables are associated with work-family experiences, which suggests that individual differences beyond demographic variables also contribute to work-family experiences (Allen et al. 2012)",,"Mindfulness in Organizations: Foundations, Research, and Applications",2015-01-01,Book Chapter,"Allen, Tammy D.;Paddock, E. Layne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015080820,10.1145/2468356.2468395,"Surprise, surprise: activity log based time analytics for time management","We explore the usefulness of time analytics based on activity log data created by a mixture of automatic activity tracking on a PC and manual time tracking (stop-watch functionality) for time management. For two weeks, 7 study participants used such computer-supported time tracking and reviewed their time use daily. Our study reveals that the regular usage of such software indeed leads to insights with respect to time management: study participants consistently reported surprise about the extent of their worktime fragmentation. Additionally, our study indicates that besides mere data analytics, users require guidance (“actionable analytics”) to actually change time management behaviour.",Actionable analytics | Activity-logging | Empirical study | Time management,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2013-04-27,Conference Paper,"Pammer, Viktoria;Bratic, Marina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870683617,10.1007/978-1-84628-905-7_7,Workplace connectors as facilitators for work,"Through a wide range of information technologies information workers are continuing to expand their circle of contacts. In tandem, research is also focusing more and more on the role that both face-to-face and distributed interactions play in accomplishing work. Though some empirical studies have illustrated the importance of informal interaction and networks in establishing collaborations (e.g. Nardi et aI., 2002; Whittaker, Isaacs, et aI., 1997), there is still a need for more in situ research to understand how different types of interactions support group work.",,"Proceedings of the 3rd Communities and Technologies Conference, C and T 2007",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Su, Norman Makoto;Mark, Gloria;Sutton, Stewart A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034359402,10.1023/A:1008736622709,Социально-психологическая детерминация группового отношения к времени,"The amount of time available to reach an agreement, information about a negotiator's own position, and information about the opponent's position were manipulated in a simulated contract negotiation. As in decision making research, time pressure in negotiation was expected to decrease response time and change response strategy. Information was expected to be an advantage to negotiators when clarifying their preferences but a disadvantage if information about competing opponent interests was present. Results supported this expectation. Different patterns of concessions and inconsistencies were found under high and low time pressure and type of information.",Decision making | Information | Negotiation | Policy modeling | Self-knowledge | Strategy | Time pressure | Utility,Group Decision and Negotiation,2000-01-01,Article,"Stuhlmacher, Alice F.;Champagne, Matthew V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747921789,10.1109/tepm.2000.895060,Awareness displays and interruptions in teams,"The process of time-pressure fluid dispensing has been widely employed in the semi-conductor industry, where the fluid is applied to boards or substrates. In such a process, the flow rate of fluid dispensed and the shape of fluid formed on the board are the two most critical performance indexes, yet extremely difficult to represent because of their complex behavior. This paper presents the development of a model for the time-pressure fluid dispensing process, by which the flow rate and shape can be established. Experiments have been performed to validate the model developed. © 2000 IEEE.",,IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing,2000-01-01,Article,"Chen, X. B.;Schoenau, G.;Zhang, W. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034413007,10.1207/s15327043hup1302_1,Balancing work and family: Professional development needs of extension faculty,"Fifty-six 3-person groups performed the Winter Survival exercise (which supposes a plane crash in the wilderness in winter). Assigned goals (in terms of deviation of the groups' ranking of the relative importance of various survival objects from experts' ranking) and time pressure were manipulated. Group-set goal difficulty, group efficacy, perceived time pressure, information seeking (i.e., knowledge seeking regarding the task through the ""purchase"" of clues), and group performance were assessed. Perceived time pressure negatively affected group efficacy (p < .10). Both assigned goals and group efficacy influenced the level of group-set goals, which in turn affected group information seeking. The seeking of task-relevant information through the purchase of clues was the only direct predictor of group performance.",,Human Performance,2000-01-01,Article,"Durham, Cathy C.;Locke, Edwin A.;Poon, June M.L.;McLeod, Poppy L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898009303,10.4337/9781782548225.00010,Cognition and governance: Why incentives have to take the back seat,,,Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory,2013-01-01,Book Chapter,"Lindenberg, Siegwart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-56449125492,10.1007/978-3-540-88011-0_27,Workspace environment for collaboration in small software development organization,"Effective collaboration and communication are important contributing factors to achieve success in agile software development projects. The significance of workplace environment and tools are immense in effective commun-ication, collaboration and coordination between people performing software development. In this paper, we have illustrated how workplace environment, collaboration, improved communication, and coordination facilitated towards excellent productivity in a small-scale software development organization. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Agile methods | Collaboration | Communication | Small software development organization | Software development | Workspace,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2008-11-26,Conference Paper,"Mishra, Deepti;Mishra, Alok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034267008,10.1016/S0001-6918(00)00046-9,Organising self-referential taxi work with mICT: the case of the London black cab drivers,"Hypotheses about variations of response force have emphasised the influences of arousal and of motor preparation. To study both types of influences in one experiment, the effects of time pressure and of validity of S1 were investigated in tasks wherein a first stimulus (S1) indicated the most probable response (80% valid) required after a second stimulus (S2). Under time pressure, responses were executed more forcefully while, as could be expected, response times were shorter and errors were more frequent. This pattern of results was not only obtained when time pressure was varied between blocks, but also when varied from trial to trial, by information given by S2. Also invalidly cued responses were executed more forcefully but, as could be expected, in contrast to time pressure, response times were longer and errors were more frequent. The results demonstrate that latency and force of responses may vary in different directions. Ways are outlined on how current hypotheses must be extended in order to account for these results. © 2000 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved.",Cue validity | Response force | S1-S2 paradigm | Time pressure,Acta Psychologica,2000-09-30,Article,"Jaśkowski, Piotr;Van Der Lubbe, Rob H.J.;Wauschkuhn, Bernd;Wascher, Edmund;Verleger, Rolf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85207440632,10.5465/ambpp.2006.22898650,TOWARDS A CONTINGENCY THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONS.,"Building on qualitative data, we model how individual agents, rather than organizational units or firms, search and exchange knowledge. We use the fine-grained model to suggest moving away from the ""more is better"" approach to knowledge exchange towards a more contingent approach. Employing an agentbased modeling approach, we present three synthetic experiments and derive testable propositions. First, we propose that the higher the individual learning rate, the lower the returns on organizational knowledge exchange and thus the lower the differences between exchange and non-exchange organizations, and between different exchange configurations. Second, we propose that the lower the problem complexity, the lower the returns on organizational knowledge exchange, with similar organizational consequences. Third, we propose that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the size of individual memory and the returns from knowledge exchange. We conclude by calling for a greater consideration of direct and opportunity cost in organizational knowledge exchange.",Performance | Reciprocity | Social Network,Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2006-01-01,Conference Paper,"Levine, Sheen S.;Prietula, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36148993934,10.1016/S1534-0856(03)06001-8,Time in groups: An introduction,,,Research on Managing Groups and Teams,2003-01-01,Review,"Blount, Sally",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84968765185,10.1145/2675133.2675231,Circumscribed time and porous time: Logics as a way of studying temporality,"In this paper, we introduce the notion of a temporal logic to characterize sets of organizing principles that perpetuate particular orientations to the lived experience of time. We identify a dominant temporal logic, circumscribed time, which has legitimated time as chunkable, single-purpose, linear, and ownable. We juxtapose this logic with the temporal experiences of participants in three ethnographic datasets to identify a set of alternative understandings of time-that it is also spectral, mosaic, rhythmic, and obligated. We call this understanding porous time. We posit porous time as an expansion of circumscribed time in order to provoke reflection on how temporal logics underpin the ways that people orient to each other, research and design technologies, and normalize visions of success in contemporary life.",Close Reading | Ethnography | Logics | Rhythm | Social Norms | Temporality,CSCW 2015 - Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing,2015-02-28,Conference Paper,"Mazmanian, Melissa;Erickson, Ingrid;Harmon, Ellie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77649246158,10.1177/1363459309353296,Do you feel sorry for him?': Gift relations in an HIV/AIDS on-line support forum,"Sociologists have debated whether meaningful emotional relationships can be formed on-line. Drawing on Mauss' concept of the gift, I explore how caregivers who participate in Hope, an on-line support forum dedicated to HIV/AIDS, incorporate moral percepts and understandings about ethics into their caregiving experiences. Their intense discussions on the essence of familial loyalties give rise to emotionally vibrant, empathic communities in which a socio-emotional economy is formulated. Can the Internet act as a moral space? How are concepts such as reciprocity, obligation, and commitment talked about and practiced in an on-line forum that exists in the ever present?. © The Author(s) 2010.",Care ethic | Gift | HIV/AIDS | On-line support group | Socio-emotional economy | Sympathy,Health,2010-03-01,Article,"Bar-Lev, Shirly",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949087229,10.1007/s11412-015-9217-z,AMOEBA: Designing for collaboration in computer science classrooms through live learning analytics,AMOEBA is a unique tool to support teachers’ orchestration of collaboration among novice programmers in a non-traditional programming environment. The AMOEBA tool was designed and utilized to facilitate collaboration in a classroom setting in real time among novice middle school and high school programmers utilizing the IPRO programming environment. AMOEBA’s key affordance is supporting teachers’ pairing decisions with real time analyses of students’ programming progressions. Teachers can track which students are working in similar ways; this is supported by real-time graphical log analyses of student activities within the programming environment. Pairing students with support from AMOEBA led to improvements in students’ program complexity and depth. Analyses of the data suggest that the data mining techniques utilized in and the metrics provided by AMOEBA can support instructors in orchestrating cooperation. The primary contributions of this paper are a set of design principles around and a working tool for fostering collaboration in computer science classes.,Classroom orchestration | Computer science education | Constructionism | Learning analytics,International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning,2015-12-01,Article,"Berland, Matthew;Davis, Don;Smith, Carmen Petrick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-61149641614,10.1080/14719030410001675731,Searching for synchrony: Negotiating schedules across organizations involved in investigating economic crime,"Authorities working on economic-crime investigation in Finland are trying to change their form of collaboration from the sequential passing of documents towards parallel, interorganizational collaboration: the on-line investigation of an ongoing crime. The synchronization of events and the outputs of various participants proved to be difficult in this emerging process. This new model of crime investigation also requires a new kind of time management. This article explores how the change is being constructed in everyday practice by examining three economic-crime-investigation cases. It is claimed that individual efforts to manage time allocation suffice only in terms of co-ordination of events. It is suggested that a successful shift to parallel, interorganizational collaboration requires more than the common marking of calendars. The object of the work and the forms of interaction should be taken as subjects of reflective negotiation. New kinds of collective time-management tools are needed in this effort. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd.",Economic-crime investigation | Forms of interaction | Interorganizational collaboration | Time management,Public Management Review,2004-03-01,Article,"Puonti, Anne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001401625,,Quanto Tempo o Tempo Tem? um estudo sobre o (s) tempo (s) de gestores do varejo em Belo Horizonte (MG),"The aim of this paper is to study the modulator effects of task type (intellective, creative and bargaining) and communication channel on the influence of time pressure on group performance quality. For this reason, it was carried out an experiment using a sample of 124 subjects, that were randomly assigned into the six different experimental conditions (3*2 -communication channel*time pressure) in four-person groups. The results showed the relevance of type of task and communication channel in understanding the relation between time pressure and group performance quality. It is suggested that future research will must take into account environmental or individual variables as modulators to reach a better understanding of the relation between time pressure and group performance quality, whose literature results are often contradictory.",,Psicothema,2000-05-01,Article,"Gracia, Francisco J.;Arcos, J. L.;Caballer, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952896299,10.1080/01638530902959935,Suspending and reinstating joint activities with dialogue,"Interruptions are common in joint activities like conversations. Typically, interrupted participants suspend the activity, address the interruption, and then reinstate the activity. In conversation, people jointly commit to interact and to talk about a topic, establishing these commitments sequentially. When a commitment is suspended, face is threatened and grounding disrupted. This article proposes and tests a model for suspending and reinstating joint activities, using evidence from naturally occurring suspensions in the Switchboard corpus (Study 1) and from a laboratory experiment (Study 2). Results showed that long suspensions led to more politeness and more collaborative effort in reinstatement than short suspensions. Also, listeners were more polite than speakers in suspending joint activities. Overall, suspending and reinstating a joint activity was shown to be a collaborative task that requires coordination of both the topic and the participants' face needs. © 2010 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,Discourse Processes,2010-05-01,Article,"Chevalley, Eric;Bangerter, Adrian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034164097,10.1177/104649640003100201,Time use and happiness,"In an experiment on the emergence of communication networks, 48 groups, each consisting of 4 or 5 members, were randomly assigned to the cells of a 2 (high vs. low time pressure) × 2 (high vs. low task complexity) factorial design and completed a decision-making task. The interpersonal dominance of each member was measured via the Dominance scale of the Personality Research Form (PRF). Results showed that members higher in dominance emerged as more central in the group communication network, both sending and receiving more messages than members lower in dominance. Group members correctly perceived that those higher in dominance participated more in discussion. Communication was more centralized in groups that worked on the low complexity task than in groups that worked on the high complexity task. Members correctly perceived that participation was more unequally distributed in more centralized groups. An anticipated interaction effect, with time pressure moderating the effect of task complexity, was not supported.",,Small Group Research,2000-01-01,Article,"Brown, Thomas M.;Miller, Charles E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034165440,10.1016/S0361-3682(99)00044-6,A cross-cultural investigation of polychronicity: A study of organizations in three countries,"Motivated by recent concern regarding the auditor's role in fraud detection, this study predicts that (1) under time pressure auditors' attention will become focused on the dominant task at the expense of attention to the subsidiary task and (2) the task of accumulating documentary evidence regarding frequency of misstatements will dominate the task of attending to qualitative aspects of misstatements. Results from an experiment were consistent with expectations. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",,"Accounting, Organizations and Society",2000-01-01,Article,"Braun, Robert L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84936860200,10.1177/1350508415572511,"Extreme work, gendered work? How extreme jobs and the discourse of 'personal choice'perpetuate gender inequality","This review sets extreme jobs in the context of the institutional, occupational, organizational and individual drivers of long hours and work intensification and identifies the consequences for gender equality, human sustainability and long-term productivity. We suggest that extreme jobs derive not from the ‘nature’ of managerial and professional work but from working practices and occupational discourses which have developed to suit the gendered norms of ‘ideal workers’. These practices and discourses encourage long hours rather than working-hours choices. Extreme jobs extend the gendered division of labour and increase the separation of work and non-work spheres; they are a structure of gender inequality. This review suggests that future research should seek to identify alternative but business-neutral working practices which contest the extreme ‘nature’ of managerial and professional work, measure the social value of non-work activities and deepen our understanding of the personal and social significance of non-work identities other than motherhood, and disentangle situational motivation, work passion and workaholism as motives for devoting long hours to work so that impacts on well-being and productivity can be more clearly understood.",extreme jobs | gender | ideal workers | inequality | long work hours | managerial and professional work | occupational identity | work intensification,Organization,2015-07-11,Article,"Gascoigne, Charlotte;Parry, Emma;Buchanan, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033965977,10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00045-9,"Public wildlands at the US-Mexico border: Where conservation, migration, and border enforcement collide","Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) refers to the inverse relation between speed and accuracy found in many tasks. The present study employed reaction times (RTs) and movement-related brain potentials arising during the RT interval (lateralized readiness potentials; LRPs) to examine the mechanisms by which people control their position along an SAT continuum. Many models of SAT postulate that changes in position across conditions (macro-tradeoffs) and trial-by-trial variations within conditions (micro-tradeoffs) are mediated, at least in part, by the same mechanisms. These include: (1) all models that postulate mixtures of guesses and accurate responses and (2) some models postulating decision criterions applied to accumulating evidence or response tendencies. Such models would seem to be rejected for conditions under which macro- and micro-tradeoffs can be shown to involve no stages of RT in common. Under the present conditions, the two types of SAT produced additive effects on RT, with the macro-tradeoff involving only that portion of the RT interval occurring after LRP onset and the micro-tradeoff involving only that portion before LRP onset. These findings imply that the two types of SAT arose during different serial stages of RT and that the macro-tradeoff involved only stages occurring after differential preparation of the two hands had begun. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.",Lateralized readiness potentials | Macro-tradeoff | Micro-tradeoff | Reaction time | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Biological Psychology,2000-01-01,Article,"Osman, Allen;Lou, Lianggang;Muller-Gethmann, Hiltraut;Rinkenauer, Gerhard;Mattes, Stefan;Ulrich, Rolf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033701429,,"Academic capitalism, organizational change, and student workers: a case study of an organized research unit in a public research university","The obstacles that make it difficult to introduce requirements engineering (RE) research results into mainstream RE practice is time and the incentive that will necessitate that it does is money. The fact that requirements, are constantly changing and never complete, makes it difficult to take seriously much of the received wisdom of RE research.",,Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering,2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Siddiqi, Jawed",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85059636594,10.1287/orsc.2018.1215,Slack time and innovation,"The relationship between slack resources and innovation is complex, with the literature linking slack to both breakthrough innovations and resource misallocation. We reconcile these conflicting views by focusing on a novel mechanism: the role slack time plays in the endogenous allocation of time and effort to innovative projects. We develop a theoretical model that distinguishes between periods of high- (work weeks) versus low- (break weeks) opportunity costs of time. Low-opportunity cost time during break weeks may induce (1) lower quality ideas to be developed (a selection effect); (2) more effort to be applied for any given idea quality (an effort effect); and (3) an increase in the use of teams because scheduling is less constrained (a coordination effect). As a result, the effect of an increase in slack time on innovative outcomes is ambiguous, because the selection effect may induce more low-quality ideas, whereas the effort and coordination effect may lead to more high-quality, complex ideas. We test this framework using data on college breaks and on 165,410 Kickstarter projects across the United States. Consistent with our predictions, during university breaks, more projects are posted in the focal regions, and the increase is largest for projects of either very high or very low quality. Furthermore, projects posted during breaks are more complex, and involve larger teams with diverse skills. We discuss the implications for the design of policies on slack time.",Crowdfunding | Entrepreneurship | Internet | Low-opportunity cost time | Slack time | Teamwork,Organization Science,2019-10-01,Article,"Agrawal, Ajay;Catalini, Christian;Goldfarb, Avi;Luo, Hong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85041307106,10.1177/0149206315601184,Multiteam systems: A structural framework and meso-theory of system functioning,"It has been over a decade since organizational researchers began seriously grappling with the phenomenon of multiteam systems (MTSs) as an organizational form spanning traditional team and organizational boundaries. The MTS concept has been met with great enthusiasm as an organizational form that solves both theoretical and practical challenges. However, the development of the MTS domain has been stifled by the absence of theory that clearly delineates the core dimensions influencing the interactions between the individuals and teams operating within them. We contribute to such theory building by creating a multidimensional framework that centers on two key structural features of MTSs—differentiation and dynamism—that create distinct forces affecting individual and team behavior within the system. Differentiation characterizes the degree of difference and separation between MTS component teams at a particular point in time, whereas dynamism describes the variability and instability of the system over time. For each dimension, we discuss the underlying subdimensions that explain how structural features generate boundary-enhancing and disruptive forces in MTSs. We then advance a mesolevel theory of MTS functioning that associates those forces with individuals’ needs and motives, which, in turn, compile upward to form team and MTS emergent states. Finally, we discuss coordination mechanisms that offset or compensate for the structural effects and serve to cohere the MTS component teams. The theoretical and practical implications of our work and an agenda for future research are then discussed.",coordination | framework | meso-theory | multiteam system | structure,Journal of Management,2018-03-01,Article,"Luciano, Margaret M.;DeChurch, Leslie A.;Mathieu, John E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The role of proximity in shaping knowledge sharing in professional services firms,"In the context of radical innovation, the mutual understanding accrued through longitudinal inter-departmental interactions for continuous innovations can become obsolete. In order to maintain a high quality inter-departmental interface, firms have to rebuild interface common knowledge by acquiring and creating knowledge. It is not clear how such ""time pressure"" influences the firms' quest of critical knowledge for radical innovation. In this article, the authors describe radical innovation development in a long product development cycle as preventive innovation; radical product development in a compressed product development cycle is noted as pre-emptive innovation. This paper suggests that companies' choice between preventive or pre-emptive strategy may result in different approaches of common knowledge building in the context of radical innovation.",,"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society, EMS 2000",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ding, Hung Bin;Ravichandran, T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952035046,10.1111/j.1468-005X.2010.00255.x,"Power, compliance, resistance and creativity: Power and the differential experience of loose time in large organisations","A re-examination of Foucault's approach to power suggests the notion of 'loose time' as a theoretical construct and methodological strategy to examine the limits of power's reach in large bureaucratic organisations. Following analysis of interview data from a range of sectors, individual innovation and creativity are proposed as integral to understanding the distribution of power. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",,"New Technology, Work and Employment",2011-03-01,Article,"Glenday, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034112039,10.1027//0269-8803.14.2.69,UNCOVERING RELATIONSHIPS AND SHARED EMOTION BENEATH SENIOR MANAGERS'RESISTANCE TO STRATEGIC CHANGE.,"The late part of the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) is assumed to be a composite potential, reflecting both movement preparation and several other processes. To assess the contribution of hand-motor preparation to overall CNV, three S1-S2 experiments were performed. Replicating earlier results that have been interpreted as demonstrating hand-motor preparation, experiment 1 showed that CNV gets larger centro-parietally under speed instruction. Experiments 2 and 3 compared preparation for hand responses (key-press) to preparation for ocular responses (saccades) varying the effector system either between blocks (exp. 2) or between trials (exp. 3) and also comparing these preparation situations to no preparation (exp. 3). Hand-motor preparation was reflected in CNV getting larger fronto-centrally, with this topography being significantly different from the effect in experiment 1. Thus, two different kinds of motor preparation appear to be reflected by CNV. One kind may consist of assembling and maintaining the stimulus-response links appropriate to the expected S2 patterns, the other is for activating the hand-motor area. These two motor contributions to CNV might reflect the two aspects of the parieto-frontal motor system.",CNV | ERP | Hand movements | Partial cueing | Saccades | Time pressure,Journal of Psychophysiology,2000-01-01,Article,"Verleger, Rolf;Wauschkuhn, Bernd;Van Der Lubbe, Rob;Jaśkowski, Piotr;Trillenberg, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033963496,10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00037-X,Projecting the future: The temporality of strategy making,"In this article both movement errors and successful movements are considered to be the product of varying ratios of muscle force signals and the composite of neuromotor noise in which the force signal is embedded. Based on earlier work we derived four propositions, which together form a theoretical framework for understanding the incidence of error in conditions of time pressure and mental load. These propositions are: (1) motor behaviour is an inherently stochastic and therefore noisy process; (2) biophysical, biomechanical and psychological factors all contribute to the level of neuromotor noise in a movement signal; (3) endpoint variability of movement is related to the signal-to-noise ratio of the forces which drive the moving limb to the target; and (4) optimal signal-to-noise ratios in motor output can be arrived at by adjusting limb stiffness. In an experiment with a graphical aiming task in which subjects made pen movements to targets varying in width and distance, we tested the prediction that time pressure and dual task load would influence error rates and movement noisiness, together resulting in biomechanical adaptations of pen pressure. The latter is seen as a manifestation of a biomechanical filtering strategy to cope with increased neuromotor noise levels. The results confirmed that especially under time pressure error rates and movement noise were enhanced, while pen pressure was higher in both conditions of stress. © 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.",Motor control | Movement error | Neuromotor noise | Stress | Time pressure,Biological Psychology,2000-01-01,Article,"Van Galen, Gerard P.;Van Huygevoort, Martijn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-19244368993,10.1023/A:1005123527913,L'empiétement du travail des femmes et des hommes cadres sur leur vie personnelle,"In the present article we focus on the cost or disutility of engaging in activities arising from the time pressure people frequently experience when they have committed themselves to perform too many activities in a limited amount of time. Specifically, we propose that anticipated time pressure increases the likelihood of two types of planning, one short-term and the other long-term encompassing different strategies for eliminating or deferring activities. In addition, we discuss several behaviorally realistic such strategies. It is assumed that strategies differ depending on whether an activity satisfies physiological needs, is performed because of institutional requirements or social obligations, or is performed because of psychological or social motives. Strategies are also assumed to differ depending on the degree to which planning is feasible. Computer simulations of available activity data are presented to illustrate consequences of the different strategies on time pressure and activity agendas. In the present article we focus on the cost or disutility of engaging in activities arising from the time pressure people frequently experience when they have committed themselves to perform too many activities in a limited amount of time. Specifically, we propose that anticipated time pressure increases the likelihood of two types of planning, one short-term and the other long-term encompassing different strategies for eliminating or deferring activities. In addition, we discuss several behaviorally realistic such strategies. It is assumed that strategies differ depending on whether an activity satisfies physiological needs, is performed because of institutional requirements or social obligations, or is performed because of psychological or social motives. Strategies are also assumed to differ depending on the degree to which planning is feasible. Computer simulations of available activity data are presented to illustrate consequences of the different strategies on time pressure and activity agendas.",Activity scheduling | Computer simulation | Time pressure,Transportation,1999-12-01,Article,"Gärling, Tommy;Gillholm, Robert;Montgomery, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033336633,,Aprenda a ser feliz,"In this study, an attempt was made to examine conflict detection as a function of data link gating, time pressure, display design, and the nature of the conflict goal. Both performance outcome and process-tracing data were collected. In addition, the relationship between these measures and subjective ratings of trust was examined. Ratings of trust were collected following each scenario using methods adapted from Lee and Moray.",,AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference - Proceedings,1999-12-01,Conference Paper,"Olson, Wesley A.;Sarter, Nadine B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002432012,,Управление совместной деятельностью в условиях неопределенности: основные направления и перспективы исследований,"To perform rational decision-making, autonomous agents need considerable computa-tional resources. In multi-agent settings, when other agents are present in the environment, these demands are even more severe. We investigate ways in which the agent's knowledge and the results of deliberative decision-making can be compiled to reduce the complexity of decision-making procedures and to save time in urgent situations. We use machine learning algorithms to compile decision-theoretic deliberations into condition-action rules on how to coordinate in a multi-agent environment. Using different learning algorithms, we endow a resource-bounded agent with a tapestry of decision making tools, ranging from purely reactive to fully deliberative ones. The agent can then select a method depending on the time constraints of the particular situation. We also propose combining the decision-making tools, so that, for example, more reactive methods serve as a pre-processing stage to the more accurate but slower deliberative decision-making ones. We validate our framework with experimental results in simulated coordinated defense. The experiments show that compiling the results of decision-making saves deliberation time while offering good performance in our multi-agent domain.",,IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,1999-12-01,Conference Paper,"Noh, Sanguk;Gmytrasiewicz, Piotr J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0013426154,10.1007/s100320050031,O tempo e as organizações: concepções do tempo em periódicos de estudos organizacionais,"This paper first summarizes a number of findings in the human reading of handwriting. A method is proposed to uncover more detailed information about geometrical features which human readers use in the reading of Western script. The results of an earlier experiment on the use of ascender/descender features were used for a second experiment aimed at more detailed features within words. A convenient experimental setup was developed, based on image enhancement by local mouse clicks under time pressure. The readers had to develop a cost-effective strategy to identify the letters in the word. Results revealed a left-to-right strategy in time, however, with extra attention to the initial, leftmost parts and the final, rightmost parts of words in a range of word lengths. The results confirm high hit rates on ascenders, descenders, crossings, and points of high curvature in the handwriting pattern. © 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Cursive handwriting | Features | Human reading | Perception,International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition,1999-12-01,Article,"Schomaker, Lambert;Segers, Eliane",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945476209,10.1111/peps.12093,Synchrony preference: Why some people go with the flow and some don't,"As work in organizations becomes more fluid and fast paced the effective execution of tasks often requires people to be temporally adaptable in working with others. This paper brings to light the importance of understanding how people relate to time in the context of social interactions. By integrating the research on time and social motives, we develop a relational perspective about time. We introduce the construct of synchrony preference, an individual difference that describes a willingness to adapt one's pace and rhythm within social interactions for the purpose of creating synchrony with others. We develop a measure of synchrony preference that we validate using multiple methods across 4 studies and 7 samples, which include over 1,400 individuals. In particular, we establish a nomological network and show that synchrony preference predicts flexible pacing behaviors, interpersonal facilitation, contribution to team synchrony, contribution to team performance, and job dedication. Our results reveal that both scholars and practitioners can benefit from considering people's preference for synchrony when working with others.",,Personnel Psychology,2015-12-01,Article,"Leroy, Sophie;Shipp, Abbie J.;Blount, Sally;Licht, John Gabriel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247891699,10.1016/S0277-2833(07)17017-5,New times redux: Layering time in the new economy,"This chapter draws on recent literature in I/O psychology, management and sociology to posit a relationship between organizational structure and temporal structure and develops the construct of layered-task time. Layered-task time is similar to polychronic time (P-time) in the inclusion of simultaneous, multiple tasks but includes additional dimensions of fragmentation, contamination and constraint. The chapter links the development of this new time and its resultant time-sense to variation in the degree to which organizations are hierarchical and centralized and develops propositions about these relationships. The chapter contributes to the growing literature on workplace temporalities in the contemporary economy. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in the Sociology of Work,2007-05-09,Review,"Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921485865,10.1080/10429247.2014.11432025,Impact of interruptions on white collar workers,"An interruption is a randomly occurring, discrete event that breaks the continuity of cognitive focus on a primary task and typically requires immediate attention and demands action. This article investigates the effect of the timing of an interruption and source on both demanding and non-demanding tasks. Time logs of daily work activities from 21 white collar workers were analyzed. The findings show that interruptions have a negative impact on worker performance when they occur at the middle or end of the current/primary task. In addition, results show that the majority of the interruptions were externally generated (78%) rather than internally generated. The more demanding the tasks that were interrupted, the greater the negative impact on the overall performance. Suggestions for reducing the impact of interruptions are also discussed.",Internal and external interruptions | Knowledge workers | Multitasking | White collar workers,EMJ - Engineering Management Journal,2014-12-01,Article,"Murray, Susan L.;Khan, Zafar",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69649091842,10.1109/CSCWD.2009.4968108,Initial findings from an observational study of software engineers,"for the last 30 years, several empirical studies have been conducted to understand how software engineers work. However, during this period, many changes occurred in the context of software development: new communication technologies like instant messaging appeared as well as new quality models to evaluate the work being conducted. Despite this new context, much of the research in the collaborative aspects of software design is based on research that does not reflect these new aspects of work. Thus, a more up-to-date understanding of the nature of software engineering work-as a type of information work-is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to present the initial findings of an observational study to understand how software developers' time is distributed during their workday. The main results are related to aspects of collaboration observed in 55% of their time, information seeking consuming 31,90% of developers' time, and poor use of software process tools in 5% of the time observed. In particular, this last result is different from what one would expect and which has been previously been reported in the literature. © 2009 IEEE.",CSCW | Observational study | Software engineers,"Proceedings of the 2009 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2009",2009-09-08,Conference Paper,"Gonçalves, Márcio K.;De Souza, Cleidson R.B.;González, Victor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033275067,10.1024//1421-0185.58.3.151,"Help, I Need Somebody!","This paper focuses on behavioral routines in adaptive decision making. In an experiment consisting of two phases, participants worked on recurrent, multiattribute choice problems. In the first phase, routines were induced by relying upon the human ability to adapt to situational changes by changing decision strategies. To induce strategy change, time pressure was varied as a within factor. Payoffs were manipulated so that an adaptive change in strategy led participants to maximize choice frequency for one out of three options (routine acquisition). After a one week time lapse, participants worked on similar problems, containing the previously preferred routine option. In this second phase, payoffs favored deviation from the routine option. Results showed that choices were almost perfectly calibrated to payoffs under low time pressure. However, if time pressure increased, participants were more likely to prefer the routine option, even though search strategies were still used adaptively and evidence discouraged routine selection. Results are discussed with reference to the model of adaptive decision making (Payne, Bettman & Johnson, 1993), and the MODE model of attitude-behavior relation (Fazio, 1990).",Decision making | Decision strategies | Routines | Time pressure,Swiss Journal of Psychology,1999-01-01,Article,"Betsch, Tilmann;Brinkmann, Babette Julia;Fiedler, Klaus;Breining, Katja",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032863216,10.3758/BF03211564,Mythologies of Speed and Israel's Hi-Tech Industry,"Choice probability and choice response time data from a risk-taking decision-making task were compared with predictions made by a sequential sampling model. The behavioral data, consistent with the model, showed that participants were less likely to take an action as risk levels increased, and that time pressure did not have a uniform effect on choice probability. Under time pressure, participants were more conservative at the lower risk levels but were more prone to take risks at the higher levels of risk. This crossover interaction reflected a reduction of the threshold within a single decision strategy rather than a switching of decision strategies. Response time data, as predicted by the model, showed that participants took more time to make decisions at the moderate risk levels and that time pressure reduced response time across all risk levels, but particularly at the those risk levels that took longer time with no pressure. Finally, response time data were used to rule out the hypothesis that time pressure effects could be explained by a fast-guess strategy.",,Memory and Cognition,1999-01-01,Article,"Dror, Itiel E.;Busemeyer, Jerome R.;Basola, Beth",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033134618,10.1080/001401399185397,An empirical examination of timelessness and creativity,"One purpose of this study was to compare attention in the evening (22:00 h), in the late night (04:00 h), in the morning (10:00 h) and in the afternoon (16:00 h) during a period of complete wakefulness beginning at 08:00 h with a mean daytime performance without sleep deprivation. Another purpose was to investigate sleep deprivation effects on a multi-attribute decision-making task with and without time pressure. Twelve sleep-deprived male students were compared with 12 male non-sleep-deprived students. Both groups were tested five times with an auditory attention and a symbol coding task. Significant declines (p < 0.05) in mean level of performance on the auditory attention task were found at 04:00, 10:00 and 16:00 h for subjects forced to the vigil. However, the effect of the sleep deprivation manifested itself even more in increased between-subject dispersions. There were no differences between time pressure and no time pressure on the decision-making task and no significant differences between sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived subjects in decision strategies. In fact, the pattern of decision strategies among the sleep-deprived subjects was more similar to a pattern of decision strategies typical for non-stressful conditions than the pattern of decision strategies among the non-sleep-deprived subjects. This result may have been due to the fact that the sleep loss acted as a dearouser. Here too, however, the variances differed significantly among sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived subjects, indicating that the sleep-deprived subjects were more variable in their decision strategy pattern than the control group. The auditory attention in the evening, in the late night, in the morning, and in the afternoon was compared during a period of complete wakefulness for 33 hours, to investigate the sleep deprivation effects on multi-attribute decision making. The pattern of decision strategies among the sleep-deprived subjects was more similar to a pattern of decision strategies typical of non-stressful conditions than the pattern of decision strategies among the non-sleep-deprived subjects. This may be due to the fact that the sleep loss acted as a dearouser. Sleep-deprived subjects were also found to be more variable in their decision making pattern.",Auditory attention | Individual differences | Sleep-deprivation | Time pressure and multiattribute decision-making,Ergonomics,1999-05-01,Article,"Linde, Lena;Edland, Anne;Bergström, Monica",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888093026,10.1108/S1479-3555(2013)0000011013,Restorying a hard day's work,"The chapter summarizes existing conceptualizations of emotional regulation and extends existing organizational behavior literature that focuses on emotional labor by the introduction of two processes new to the literature: emotional contagion exchange (ECX) and emotional restorying of labor. More specifically, emotional restorying may allow employees to cope with emotional contagion by converting surface-level acting to deep-level acting, in ways which benefit both employees and organizations. In explaining this process, this chapter constructs a model of multiple interplaying processes. © 2013 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.",Emotional contagion exchange | Emotional labor | Restorying | Surface and deep-level acting,Research in Occupational Stress and Well Being,2013-11-27,Article,"Cast, Melissa L.;Rosile, Grace Ann;Boje, David M.;Saylors, Rohny",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941568674,10.1145/2751557,Identifying opportunities for valuable encounters: Toward context-aware social matching systems,"Mobile social matching systems have the potential to transform the way we make new social ties, but only if we are able to overcome the many challenges that exist as to how systems can utilize contextual data to recommend interesting and relevant people to users and facilitate valuable encounters between strangers. This article outlines how context andmobility influence people's motivations tomeet new people and presents innovative design concepts for mediating mobile encounters through context-aware social matching systems. Findings from two studies are presented. The first, a survey study (n=117) explored the concept of contextual rarity of shared user attributes as a measure to improve desirability in mobile social matches. The second, an interview study (n = 58) explored people's motivations to meet others in various contexts. From these studies we derived a set of novel context-aware social matching concepts, including contextual sociability and familiarity as an indicator of opportune social context; contextual engagement as an indicator of opportune personal context; and contextual rarity, oddity, and activity partnering as an indicator of opportune relational context. The findings of these studies establish the importance of different contextual factors and frame the design space of context-aware social matching systems.",Context-aware social matching | Context-awareness | Introduction systems | Social discovery | Social recommender systems,ACM Transactions on Information Systems,2015-08-01,Article,"Mayer, Julia M.;Jones, Quentin;Hiltz, Starr Roxanne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002125818,10.1016/s0167-8116(98)00022-6,"Working time, work-life balance and inequality","Measures derived from eye-movement data reveal that during brand choice consumers adapt to time pressure by accelerating the visual scanning sequence, by filtering information and by changing their scanning strategy. In addition, consumers with high task motivation filter brand information less and pictorial information more. Consumers under time pressure filter textual ingredient information more, and pictorial information less. The results of a conditional logit analysis reveal that the chosen brand receives significantly more intra-brand and inter-brand saccades and longer fixation durations than non-chosen brands, independent of time pressure and task motivation conditions. Implications for the theory of consumer attention and for pretesting of packaging and shelf lay-outs are discussed.",Brand choice | Eye-tracking | Visual attention,International Journal of Research in Marketing,1999-01-01,Article,"Pieters, Rik;Warlop, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032610067,10.1037/1076-8998.4.1.37,Information technology enabled employee deviance,"Experience sampling methodology was used to examine how work demands translate into acute changes in affective response and thence into chronic response. Seven accountants reported their reactions 3 times a day for 4 weeks on pocket computers. Aggregated analysis showed that mood and emotional exhaustion fluctuated in parallel with time pressure over time. Disaggregated time-series analysis confirmed the direct impact of high-demand periods on the perception of control, time pressure, and mood and the indirect impact on emotional exhaustion. A curvilinear relationship between time pressure and emotional exhaustion was shown. The relationships between work demands and emotional exhaustion changed between high-demand periods and normal working periods. The results suggest that enhancing perceived control may alleviate the negative effects of time pressure.",,Journal of occupational health psychology,1999-01-01,Article,"Teuchmann, K.;Totterdell, P.;Parker, S. K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032669722,10.1145/291080.291094,Knowing and not knowing in work practice: three ethnographic studies,Recent advances in user modeling technology have brought within reach the goal of having systems adapt to temporary limitations of the user's available time and working memory capacity. We first summarize empirical research by ourselves and others that sheds light on the causes and consequences of these (continually changing) resource limitations. We then present a decision-theoretic approach that allows a system to assess a user's resource limitations and to adapt its behavior accordingly. This approach is illustrated with reference to the performance of the prototype assistance system READY.,,UIST (User Interface Software and Technology): Proceedings of the ACM Symposium,1999-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jameson, Anthony;Schaefer, Ralph;Weis, Thomas;Berthold, Andre;Weyrath, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78751559428,10.1109/FIE.2010.5673616,Engineering students need to learn to teach,"Practicing engineers, engineering faculty and students all conceive engineering practice in terms of solitary technical work, typically calculations contributing to problem solving and design. Research based on extensive interviews and field observations in four countries demonstrates that engineering practice has many other aspects, particularly ones involving social interactions such as technical coordination, organizing people to supply services, procurement, training, review, and checking. Many engineers regard these aspects as subordinate: not 'real engineering'. Therefore it comes as no surprise that students resist being taught the social and professional skills they need for effective practice. The same research also shows that many aspects of engineering practice are closely related to teaching, particularly technical coordination and training. This creates an interesting opportunity to improve engineering education. If students learn effective teaching skills, first they will acquire social skills that will enable them to be more effective engineers, second they will learn the 'real technical stuff' better, and third they will amplify the total teaching effort available within a given engineering school, further improving overall learning outcomes. This paper offers practical suggestions for implementing such a strategy. © 2010 IEEE.",Communication | Cooperative learning | Engineering education | Engineering practice | Pedagogy,"Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE",2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Trevelyan, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012898560,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753667,La domination dans le modèle de production de haute performance dans la gestion de projets,"This article addresses two corollary issues, namely, the relationship between life-cycle and chronic stress, and the effects of leisure participation on stress and health, controlled for life-cycle situation. Arguments have been made that levels of time pressure and perceived stress have risen in modern societies, but that these increases are unevenly distributed among different social demographic groups, in particular groups positioned at different stages of the life-course (Wilensky; 1981; Zuzanek, Robinson and Iwasaki, 1998). It has been also suggested that active life-styles, in particular participation in leisure activities, may serve as an effective tool for moderating negative health effects of stress. In the following analyses these two propositions are put to an empirical test. Data on stress, time pressure, health, and leisure participation, collected as part of the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey (n = 17,626), and the 1992 General Social (Time-Use) Survey (n = 9,815) are examined in an attempt to: (a) identify life-cycle groups most exposed to chronic and personal stress; (b) establish the relationship between daily stresses and time pressure; (c) assess the effects of participation in physically active leisure on respondents' stress levels and mental and physical health; and (d) determine how the relationships between life cycle, time pressure, daily stress, health, and leisure participation are affected by gender. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Zuzanek, Jiri;Mannell, Roger",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0347028535,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753664,Gestion par projets et risques pour la santé psychologique au travail dans la nouvelle économie,"This paper is a logical and empirical extension of recent research on behavioural outcomes of home-based work (Michelson, 1996, 1997, 1998; Michelson, Palm Linden & Wikstrom, 1998). Issues of time pressure and human agency arose with respect to home-based work previously but were not examined in any detail. This article examines how human agency (as measured by the enjoyment of different types and contexts of daily activities) contributes to the understanding of the interface among home-based work, everyday use of time, and subjective sense of time pressure. The article describes an empirical approach which facilitates analysis of these phenomena, and presents some pertinent findings based on the analysis of data from the 1992 Canadian General Social (Time Use) Survey. Time budget respondents in paid employment were divided into conventional and home-based workers, the latter being divided into intensive and extensive categories, depending on the number of hours of home-based work. The attitudes of these three groups towards home-based work were compared using a number of criteria, including a ""time-crunch"" index, an index of time pressure, and responses on most enjoyed activities. It is concluded that some aspects of home-based work do in fact reflect human agency, but the impact of the latter is different for men and women. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Michelson, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031613947,10.3233/978-1-60750-892-2-124,Gestion par projets et santé mentale au travail dans la nouvelle économie,,,Studies in Health Technology and Informatics,1998-01-01,Conference Paper,"Delorme, Delphine;Marin-Lamellet, Claude",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002926372,10.1037/1076-898X.4.1.16,Waarom werknemers overuren maken: drie mechanismen getoetst,"The ability to make decisions within a few seconds to a couple of minutes is the hallmark of many applied situations ranging from air traffic control to stock market trading. The 5 studies reported here explore the hypothesis that there are abstract psychological demands common to many rapid decision-making situations. The authors suggest that these characteristics can be used to identify people who are good rapid decision makers. People were trained to operate computer simulations of the job skills involved in air traffic control and 2 aspects of public safety dispatch. Although these tasks are very different on the surface, they all require decision making under time pressure. Performance was successfully predicted from performance on an abstract decision-making task.",,Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,1998-01-01,Article,"Joslyn, Susan;Hunt, Earl",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0009508913,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753666,Hétérogénéité temporelle et activité de travail,"Time pressure, increasing, pace of work, stress and ""burnout"" are the most apparent changes to have taken place in working conditions in Finland in recent years. The situation poses questions like: Should claims about stress and time pressure be taken seriously and should more research be directed to these problems? One of the reasons why time pressure has not been researched properly is that the Scandinavian tradition in stress research, emphasising the organisational and management impacts on stressful time pressure, is losing influence. Researchers study how individuals could adapt to ever increasing tirpe pressure: they do not ask what causes the pressure and how it could be avoided. The Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys, carried out in 1977, 1984, 1990 and 1997, have shown clear connection between growing demand for productivity, shortages of personnel, and increased time pressure. Psycho-social consequences are clear: social conflicts in workplaces and stress symptoms among employees. Both the results from the surveys, and qualitative interviews show that women and men relate differently to time pressure, stress, and work in general. This difference should be taken into account when researching links between work orientation, management strategies, and the stressfulness of work. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Lehto, Anna Maija",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0344408855,10.1080/07053436.1998.10753658,Individuelle Selbstführung in Projektteams,"This article examines the issue of time pressure from a historical, theoretical, and policy perspective. It is divided into five sections. In the Introduction, the author outlines the significance of time pressure as a ""social problem"". The second section examines Georg Simmel' s analyses of the effects of money on the acceleration of social life in modem societies, and relates these analyses to current research in the area of time study. In the third section, three current social trends contributing to time pressure are examined, namely: (a) compression of time as a function of lifecycle, work, and consumption; (b) new household time requirements; and (c) effects of time ""economisation"", that is buying time for money, on social exclusion. The fourth section examines time-use and time pressure trends among employed Western Germans from the 1960s to the 1990s, using time-diary data from the author's 1991192 and other time-use surveys. Included in this section is an analysis of social demographic and life cycle differences in time-use. The concluding section contains a comparison of German time-use trends with those of other OECD nations and a brief discussion of the time policy implications of the observed trends. © Presses de I'Universite du Quebec.",,Loisir et Societe,1998-01-01,Article,"Garhammer, Manfred",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84959205581,10.1287/isre.2015.0578,The Road to Early Success: Impact of System Use in the Swift Response Phase,"When an enterprise system is introduced, system users often experience a performance dip as they struggle with the unfamiliar system. Appropriately managing this phase, which we term as the swift response phase (SRP), is vital given its prominent impact on the eventual success of the system. Yet, there is a glaring lack of studies that examine the SRP. Drawing on sensemaking theory and early postadoptive literature, this study seeks to propose a theory-driven model to understand how different support structures facilitate different forms of use-related activities to induce a positive performance in the SRP. The model was tested through a two-stage survey involving 329 nurses. The results demonstrated the discriminating alignment between information system (IS) use-related activity and support structures in enhancing system users' work performance in the SRP. Specifically, suitability of impersonal support moderated the effects of standardized system use and individual adaption on performance, whereas availability of personal support only moderated the effect of nonstandardized system use on performance. For moderating role of personal support, IS specialists support had a lower influence than peer-champion support and peer-user support. This study contributes to the extant literature by (1) conceptualizing the turbulent SRP, (2) applying sensemaking theory to the initial postadoptive stage, (3) adding to the theoretical debate on the value of system use, and (4) unveiling the distinct roles of support structures under different types of use activities. Practical suggestions are provided for organizational management and policy makers to deal with the complexities in the SRP.",Early system success | Sensemaking in organization | Shakedown phase | Support structure | Swift response phase | System use,Information Systems Research,2015-01-01,Article,"Tong, Yu;Tan, Sharon Swee Lin;Teo, Hock Hai",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889483020,10.4324/9781410611895,What an emotions perspective of organizational behavior offers,,,Emotions in Organizational Behavior,2010-12-10,Book Chapter,"Härtel, Charmine E.J.;Ashkanasy, Neal M.;Zerbe, Wilfred J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870967595,10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(1998110)28:6<861::AID-EJSP899>3.0.CO;2-D,Cause or Cure: Technologies and Work-Life Balance,"Knowledge workers whose employers allow them the freedom to access organizational resources from outside the premises, and/or outside normal working hours, are able to reach a new equilibrium in the balance between work and life. This research uses narrative method to obtain stories from a number of such knowledge workers in New Zealand, and observes how the participants make sense of the choices open to them, and reach decisions about them The research finds that despite expressed resentments, such people have tended to move the equilibrium in ways that accommodate more work. Implications of this research are that despite the short term productivity gains, organizations would do well to ensure that these well motivated staff are managed for their long term well being and continued contribution to the organization.",Autonomy | Knowledge workers | Mobility | Sensemaking | Technology,ICIS 2008 Proceedings - Twenty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Harmer, Brian;Pauleen, David J.;Schroeder, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85046510604,10.1177/2158244015583859,Making sense of mobile technology: The integration of work and private life,"Mobile technologies have facilitated a radical shift in work and private life. In this article, we seek to better understand how individual mobile technology users have made sense of these changes and adapted to them. We have used narrative enquiry and sensemaking to collect and analyze the data. The findings show that mobile technology use blurs the boundaries between work and private life, making traditional time and place distinctions less relevant. Furthermore, work and private life can be integrated in ways that may be either competitive or complementary. We also observed an effect rarely discussed in the literature—the way personal and professional aspirations affect how work and private life are integrated. Implications include the need for researchers and organizations to understand the wider consequences that arise from the integration of work and private life roles.",mobile technology | narrative enquiry | sensemaking | work–life balance | work–life integration,SAGE Open,2015-06-19,Article,"Pauleen, David;Campbell, John;Harmer, Brian;Intezari, Ali",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749126212,10.1109/HICSS.2007.66,An experiment on the effects of interruptions on individual work trajectories and performance in critical environments,"Interruptions are a central characteristic of work in critical environments such as hospitals, airlines, and security agencies. Often, interruptions occur as notifications of some event or circumstance that requires attention. Notifications may be delivered actively as disruptions requiring immediate attention, or passively as unobtrusive background messages. This research hypothesizes that the way notifications are delivered can have an impact on how work unfolds over time, which in turn can affect performance. Based on theories of interruption and observations in an actual operating room, a computer-based role-playing game simulating the scheduling of surgeries in an operating room unit was developed. An experiment was conducted using the game to examine the effects of different types of notification delivery on work trajectories and performance. Results indicate that the way notifications are delivered can indeed influence work trajectories and, consequently, performance. © 2007 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Weisband, Suzanne P.;Fadel, Kelly J.;Mattarelli, Elisa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032115693,10.1080/014492998119409,"Telecommuting resistance, soft but strong: Development of telecommuting over time, and related rhetoric, in three organizations. SSE","In many emergency situations, human operators are required to derive countermeasures based on contingency rules whilst under time pressure. In order to contribute to the human success in playing such a role, the present study intends to examine the effectiveness of using expert systems to train for the time-constrained decision domain. Emergency management of chemical spills was selected to exemplify the rule-based decision task. An Expert System in this domain was developed to serve as the training tool. Forty subjects participated in an experiment in which a computerized information board was used to capture subjects' rule-based performance under the manipulation of time pressure and training. The experiment results indicate that people adapt to time pressure by accelerating their processing of rules where the heuristic of cognitive availability was employed. The simplifying strategy was found to be the source of human error that resulted in undesired decision performance. The results also show that the decision behaviour of individuals who undergo the expert system training is directed to a normative and expeditious pattern, which leads to an improved level of decision accuracy. Implications of these findings are examined in the present study. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",,Behaviour and Information Technology,1998-01-01,Article,"Lin, Dyi Yih M.;Su, Yuan Liang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032042976,10.1037/1076-8998.3.2.109,Nuclear weapons and daily deadlines: The energy and tension of flow in knowledge work.,"Adhering to the schedule, providing service to passengers, and driving safely are among the most important psychosocial demands of the bus driver's job. The ways bus drivers cope with these varying and conflicting demands are addressed in this article, which uses data from 4 interrelated studies. In a large-scale questionnaire study (Study 1), behavioral styles in coping with these psychosocial demands were identified. Next, in Studies 2 and 3, the relations of these styles with well-being and health status were examined. Study 4 addressed the coping process during work itself by examining the relations among objective workload indicators, perceived effort, and psychophysiological stress reactions during work.",,Journal of occupational health psychology,1998-01-01,Article,"Meijman, T. F.;Kompier, M. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84927633675,10.1111/soc4.12200,Employment insecurity and the frayed American dream,"This paper reviews literature on employment insecurity and situates objective and subjective employment insecurity in the context of the contemporary economy. I draw on the argument about shifting social contracts to explain both real and perceived pervasive employment insecurity and the frayed American Dream. Employment insecurity derives from the macro-economic changes that produced the social structure of accumulation identified as flexible accumulation that requires employment insecurity as both a form of labor discipline and profit-enhancing strategy. This paper argues that contemporary employment insecurity is both objective and subjective and affects how individuals understand their world and their selves. To this latter point, I look at research on generational differences in the experience of employment insecurity.",,Sociology Compass,2014-09-01,Article,"Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870386418,,Following the sun: Exploring productivity in temporally dispersed teams,"Dispersion in working teams has been addressed by earlier research mostly in terms of the physical distance that separated team members. In more recent work, however, the focus has been shifting towards understanding the influence of a newer construct: that of temporal dispersion (TD). The study of TD is so far constrained mostly to conceptual work, and the study of its association with distributed team performance is lacking. This paper attempts to explore that void by empirically investigating how TD relates to the team's productivity. Suitable hypotheses are developed based on coordination theory, and the analyses are performed on data collected from multiple archival sources comprising 100 open source software development distributed teams. The test of hypotheses is carried out using objective, non perceptual measures. Regression analysis is used to detect significant associations. Results show that temporal coverage is positively associated with productivity, and that the project's complexity moderates the relation between productivity and TD.",Coordination theory | Distributed teams | Open source software | Temporal dispersion,"14th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Colazo, Jorge A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032388011,10.1108/eb022805,Is collaboration creative or costly? Exploring tradeoffs in the organization of knowledge work,"In negotiation, pressures to reach an agreement are assumed to influence both the processes and the outcomes of the discussions. This paper meta-analytically combined different forms of time pressure to examine its effects on negotiator strategy and impasse rate. High time pressure was more likely to increase negotiator concessions and cooperation than low pressure as well as make agreements more likely. The effect on negotiator strategy, however, was stronger when the deadline was near or when negotiations were simple rather than complex. The effects were weaker when the opponent was inflexible and using a tough negotiation strategy. The effects on cooperative strategies were weaker when incentives for good performance were available than when they were not. Although time pressure in negotiation has significant effects, situational factors play a major role on its impact.",,International Journal of Conflict Management,1998-01-01,Article,"Stuhlmacher, Alice F.;Gillespie, Treena L.;Champagne, Matthew V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875959991,10.1016/j.hitech.2013.02.002,"Weekly, technical and administrative work hours: Relationships to the extent R&D professionals innovate and help manage the innovation process","An exploratory study of 2308 R&D professionals working for U.S. based laboratories belonging to 24 large corporations finds inverted-U relationships between the technical, administrative and total hours R&D professionals work per week and the extent they innovate and help manage the innovation process. These relationships suggest that R&D professionals can increase the extent they accomplish these performance objectives by working up to an optimal number of weekly hours and by combining technical hours with up to an optimal number of administrative hours. When R&D professionals work 60 weekly hours by combining 50 technical hours with 10 administrative hours, they maximize the extent they innovate. When R&D professionals work 60 weekly hours by combining 35 technical hours with 25 administrative hours, they maximize the extent they help manage the innovation process. The implications of these findings for having R&D professionals increase the extent they accomplish these performance objectives and, therefore, develop their careers, are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.",Individual effort | Innovation and individual effort | Managing innovation | R&D performance | Time management,Journal of High Technology Management Research,2013-04-15,Article,"Cordero, Rene;Farris, George F.;Ditomaso, Nancy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000876606,10.1177/014920639702300204,"Liquid family representations, organizing and knowledge-intensive companies","Research on the punctuated equilibrium model of group development confounded group life span with member task completion. We report two studies that separate task pacing from life span development. In one, 50 students simultaneously performed group and individual projects. In the second, student groups worked on two tasks sequentially. Results indicate that the temporal pattern postulated in the punctuated equilibrium model reflects task pacing under a deadline, rather than the process of group development. © 1997 JAI Press Inc. 0149-2063.",,Journal of Management,1997-01-01,Article,"Seers, Anson;Woodruff, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031389435,,Hostile_work_environment. com,,,IEE Colloquium (Digest),1997-12-01,Article,"Maule, A. John;Andrade, Isabel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008353908,10.1177/0893318997111005,Understanding the rhythms of email processing strategies in a network of knowledge workers,"A quasi-experiment was conducted in which groups made business decisions under time pressure. Half of the groups were supported with a group support system (GSS) called the Electronic Discussion System; half had no computer support. The groups consisted of college students who had considerable experience with the GSS and the decision task and had worked together for the previous 10 weeks. Decision quality, decision speed, and leadership emergence were measured. All groups received significant financial rewards in direct proportion to their decision quality and decision speed. GSS groups used more time to arrive at their decisions but made decisions of higher quality than non-GSS-supported groups. In addition, there was some evidence that, under time pressure, GSS-supported groups used a more leader-directed decision process than did other typical users of GSS. © 1997 Sage Publications,Inc.",,Management Communication Quarterly,1997-12-01,Article,"Smith, C. A.P.;Hayne, Stephen C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3943106876,,JASPER: facilitating software maintenance activities with explicit task representations,"In various studies, problems concerning study time (spending less time studying than intended) and study effectiveness (making less use of the time spent studying than intended) were compared with each other. The results show: (a) Problems concerning study time are more dependent on time pressure than problems concerning study effectiveness: They are less generalized and decrease more with increasing time pressure. (b) Problems concerning study time are associated with less aspiration for high level of competence and achievement and insufficient use of selfmanagement-strategies. In contrast, problems with study effectiveness are associated with performance anxiety and self-doubt. (c) Only problems concerning study effectiveness are related to the general impression of not succeeding with autonomous learning, and to the corresponding perceived need for advice. Problems concerning study time, therefore, appear not only to reflect «motivational deficits» (less aspiration for high level of competence and achievement), rather also have «motivational deficits» as consequences (no experiencing of problems and no perceived need for advice).",,Zeitschrift fur Padagogische Psychologie,1997-12-01,Review,"Holz-Ebeling, Friederike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031380222,,"Post-bureaucratic governance, informal networks and oppositional solidarity in organizations",The proceedings contains 11 papers from the 1997 IEE Colloquium on Decision Making and Problem Solving. Topics discussed include: quick thinking and naturalistic decision making (NDM); decision making on the flight deck; effects of time pressure on decision making; sustainable decision making; decision support systems; co-operative problems solving; argumentation; and opinion profiling.,,IEE Colloquium (Digest),1997-12-01,Conference Review,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85088768454,10.14236/ewic/hci2013.29,How to manage your inbox: is a once a day strategy best?,"Many people are overloaded by the amount of email they receive. Because of this, a considerable amount of time can be spent every day managing one's inbox. Previous work has shown that people adopt different strategies for managing their inbox. However, there has been little work examining how the choice of email management strategy impacts the total time that one gives to email activities each day. In the current study seven academics spent one week trying out different email management strategies: either a once-a-day strategy or a frequent strategy. Data on the amount of time spent managing email and subjective feelings towards each strategy were gathered. Results suggest that a once a day email management strategy may be effective in reducing the total time spent dealing with email.",Email overload | Email strategies | Personal informatics | Work-life balance,HCI 2013 - 27th International British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Conference: The Internet of Things,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Bradley, Adam;Brumby, Duncan P.;Cox, Anna L.;Bird, Jon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031440442,,Firefighting by knowledge workers,"Objective. To review and categorize methods to define daytime and night-time blood pressures and to propose an optimal definition. Methods. The methods can be divided into clock-time-independent and clock-time-dependent methods and, in addition, into wide methods, which use all pressure measurements for the entire 24 h period, and narrow methods, which exclude some of the measurements. Results. The asleep and awake blood pressures, mostly defined as the in-bed and out-of-bed blood pressures, can be considered the optimum standard. Wide (square-wave fitting) and narrow (cumulative-sum analysis) clock-time-independent methods perform well with most subjects, but are problematic with reverse dippers because they identify periods of high and low blood pressure in these subjects that do not coincide with the day and the night. The results from fixed-time methods deviate from the awake and asleep blood pressures when the predefined times do not coincide with the times subjects go to bed and arise; this is less of a problem for the narrow methods, in which data from morning and evening transition periods are discarded, than it is for the rigid time schedules of the wide methods. Reproducibilities of the various methods are roughly similar. Conclusion. We suggest that the optimal definition of daytime and night-time blood pressure is provided by the narrow clock-time-dependent method, in which data from morning and evening transition periods are excluded, because it is simple, reasonably accurate and reproducible and can be applied without disruption of the living habits of most subjects.",Ambulatory blood pressure | Daytime pressure | Night-time pressure,Blood Pressure Monitoring,1997-12-01,Article,"Fagard, Robert H.;Staessen, Jan A.;Thijs, Lutgarde",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031502760,10.2307/2491361,Firm-specific cognitive frames as co-determinants of persistent performance differentials,,,Journal of Accounting Research,1997-01-01,Article,"Glover, Steven M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928309523,10.1108/JKM-06-2014-0234,Designing workspaces for cross-functional knowledge-sharing in R & D: the “co-location pilot” of Novartis,"Purpose - This paper examines co-location as an important solution to design workspaces in research and development (R&D). It argues that co-locating R&D units in multi-space environments serves knowledge creation by leveraging knowledge sharing across boundaries. Design/methodology/approach - This study is based on a co-location project of the knowledge-intensive, multi-national company Novartis. To compare communication and collaboration patterns, we interviewed and observed employees before and after co-location into the “co-location pilot” and investigated a control group that was not co-located. The use of data and method triangulation as a research approach underlines the inherent dynamics of the co-location in this study. Findings - The study suggests findings leveraging knowledge sharing in two different ways. Co-location of dispersed project team members increases unplanned face-to-face communication leading to faster and more precise flows of knowledge by transcending knowledge boundaries. Co-location to an open multi-space environment stimulates knowledge creation by enabling socialization, externalization and combination of knowledge. Practical implications - This study provides managerial implications for implementing co-location to achieve greater knowledge sharing across functions. The design of the work environment provides the framework for successful co-location. Originality/value - This paper reports the findings of an empirical case study conducted within the “co-location pilot” of the pharmaceutical company Novartis. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the phenomena on a qualitative and micro-level.",Co-location | Knowledge-sharing | Pharmaceutical industry | Research and development | Workspace design,Journal of Knowledge Management,2015-04-07,Article,"Coradi, Annina;Heinzen, Mareike;Boutellier, Roman",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031191741,,"Supporting projects, cannibalizing firms? Personal knowledge networks in project ecologies","The technologies that form the foundation for all of the most popular dispensers used in electronics assembly are described. A myriad of manufacturers building dispensing pumps and valves, many designs have had subtle additions and enhancements that have created virtual technology hybrids of dispensing pump technology. To add even more choices, there are many non-contact devices available such as jet dispensers, spray dispensers, and pin-transfer technology.",,Electronic Packaging and Production,1997-07-01,Article,"Bush, Royal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031062189,10.1287/mnsc.43.2.217,The team leader technology facilitation role in information systems project virtual teams,"Organizations constantly face a dynamic environment where they must respond both quickly and accurately in order to survive. In this paper, we examine the issue: do organizations need to employ costly designs in order to exhibit high performance in a dynamic situation. In the context of a computational framework we derive a set of logically consistent propositions about the inter-relationship among task, opportunities for review, training, and cost and their relative impact on organizational performance. Our analyses indicate that complex organizational designs have drawbacks and design is often not the dominant factor affecting performance. The relationship between organizational complexity (hence cost) and performance is complex and depends on the level of time pressure, training, and the task environment. Within the context of the computational framework, we find that the benefits of re-thinking decisions and of matching the organizational design to the task environment are questionable. Further, these results suggest that applying scarce resources to mitigate the adverse impact of time pressure may have more impact on performance than using those resources to support a more complex organizational design.",Cost | Decision Making Accuracy | Opportunity for Review | Organizational Design | Simulation | Task Environment | Time Pressure | Training,Management Science,1997-01-01,Article,"Lin, Zhiang;Carley, Kathleen M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255191068,10.1109/ICSC.2011.12,Identifying routine and telltale activity patterns in knowledge work,"Our research addresses the question as to whether automatically collected quantitative data about people's behavior online can be analyzed to spot patterns that indicate behaviors of interest. Based on ethnographic studies, we find that people, going about their routine work, exhibit patterns in terms of their routine online activities and work rhythms. Such patterns can be comprised of many diverse types of events occurring over arbitrary durations. For example, they might include timing, duration and frequency of particular uses of hardware and software resources, manipulations of content, communication acts and so on. We use ethnography to identify and target significant patterns and computer logging to collect data on computer events that can be analyzed to find reliable correlates of those patterns. In this paper we discuss our methods and their potential for the development of novel types of applications that can identify normal activities and also spot telltale or deviant patterns. Such applications could be useful to users directly by providing helpful resources and content automatically or to the enterprise in general by automatically detecting performance problems, deleterious behaviors, or malicious activities. © 2011 IEEE.",Ethnography | Human activity detection | Human behavior semantics | Routine activity patterns,"Proceedings - 5th IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, ICSC 2011",2011-11-21,Conference Paper,"Brdiczka, Oliver;Bellotti, Victoria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031591158,,The social nature of work fragmentation: Revisiting informal workplace communication,,,Sygeplejersken,1997-01-01,Article,"Christensen, K. S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950500693,10.1145/1329112.1329114,Human interruptibility: a relational perspective,"Interruption management research has focused on identifying the costs of cognitive and social intrusion, largely without considering either who the interruption is from or what the interruption is about. The framework outlined in this paper addresses this issue, proposing a systematic investigation of how such rich contextual knowledge (who/what) can alter people's decision to be interrupted. The first study on interruption management practices in everyday cell phone use demonstrates that the knowledge of ""who"" is calling is used in deliberate call handling decisions 77.8% of the time (N=880) and that effective call handling decisions rules cannot be derived solely from an interruptee's local social and cognitive context. Two further studies are outlined that will inform the design of interruption management tools for communication media. Copyright 2007 ACM.",Availability | Communication | Interruption | Mobile | Phones,Group '07 Doctoral Consortium Papers,2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Grandhi, Sukeshini A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5944237326,,Social rationality and well-being,,,Paperboard Packaging,1996-12-01,Article,"Silberhorn, Michael C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864250246,10.1109/CSCWD.2012.6221807,Investigating the value of retention actions as a source of relevance information in the software development environment,"Even though there exists a number of search solutions targetted at software engineers the literature suggests that they are not widely used by the people engaged in code delivery [26]. Moreover, current code focused information retrieval systems such as Google Code Search (discontinued), Codeplex or Koders produce results based on specific keywords and therefore they do not take into account user context such as location, browsing history, previous interaction patterns and domain expertise. In this paper we discuss the development of task-specific information retrieval systems for software engineers. We discuss how software engineers interact with information and information retrieval systems and investigate to what extent a domain-specific search and recommendation system can be developed in order to support their work related activities. We have conducted a user study: a questionnaire and an automated observation of user interactions with the browser and software development environment. We discuss factors that can be used as implicit feedback indicators for further collaborative filtering and discuss how these parameters can be analysed using Computational Intelligence based techniques. © 2012 IEEE.",copy and paste | information seeking behaviour | Personalised information retrieval | pseudo-relevance | retention actions | software development,"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2012",2012-07-30,Conference Paper,"Iqbal, Rahat;Grzywaczewski, Adam;James, Anne;Doctor, Faiyaz;Halloran, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84977480539,10.1177/0730888416642599,Leveraging limits for contract professionals: Boundary work and control of working time,"How do contract professionals seek to control their working time? Here, the authors identify boundary work strategies through which contractors—both shift workers and project workers—maintain distinctions from employees with standard jobs. Drawing from interviews with contractors in three occupations, the authors identify sources of leverage for control of working time in payment systems, outsider status, and occupational networks. These structures allow contractors to reinforce boundaries between contract and standard employment and resist the overtime and overwork associated with standard jobs. Boundary work between contingent workers and employees may therefore generate inequalities of control, with implications for workers, managers, and organizations.",boundary work | contract work | freelance workers | nonstandard employment | working time,Work and Occupations,2016-08-01,Article,"Osnowitz, Debra;Henson, Kevin D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84948968422,10.1177/0961463X14563018,Post-socialist acceleration: Fantasy time in a multinational bank,"This article describes the transformations of work-discipline and time in a large Romanian state bank privatized to a European bank in the early 2000s. Building on ethnographies of skilled service workers’ experience of time, I describe the sudden process of disciplining the post-socialist workforce and the instilling of a new sense of daily routine. Based on data collected from middle managers, human resources personnel and socialist-era employees, I describe the post-privatization transformations of time and work. These include a sharper separation of work and life, greater standardization of time-keeping, individualization of work space, colonization of personal time by organizational time, and the dumping of personal plans into an indefinite future. The mixture of perpetual, high-paced present and a diffuse “long-term” future where meaningful plans and self-promises are located might be called “fantasy time.”",banking | corporate culture | Eastern Europe | management | post-socialism | Romania | service sector | Work-life balance,Time and Society,2015-11-01,Article,"Chelcea, Liviu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029814462,10.1080/00222895.1996.9941747,5 Accelerating the Innovation Race,"In two experiments, patterns of response error during a timing accuracy task were investigated. In Experiment 1. these patterns were examined across a full range of movement velocities, which provided a test of the hypothesis that as movement velocity increases, constant error (CE) shifts from a negative to a positive response bias, with the zero CE point occurring at approximately 50% of maximum movement velocity (Hancock & Newell, 1985). Additionally, by examining variable error (VE), timing error variability patterns over a full range of movement velocities were established. Subjects (N = 6) performed a series of forearm flexion movements requiring 19 different movement velocities. Results corroborated previous observations that variability of timing error primarily decreased as movement velocity increased from 6 to 42% of maximum velocity. Additionally, CE data across the velocity spectrum did not support the proposed timing error function. In Experiment 2, the effect(s) of responding at 3 movement distances with 6 movement velocities on response timing error were investigated. VE was significantly lower for the 3 high-velocity movements than for the 3 low-velocity movements. Additionally, when MT was mathematically factored out. VE was less at the long movement distance than at the short distance. As in Experiment 1, CE was unaffected by distance or velocity effects and the predicted CE timing error function was not evident. © 1996 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Speed-accuracy tradeoff | Timing accuracy,Journal of Motor Behavior,1996-01-01,Article,"Jasiewicz, Jan;Simmons, Roger W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856889700,10.1109/WI-IAT.2009.129,"Simulation of the rungis wholesale market: Lessons on the calibration, validation and usage of a cognitive agent-based simulation","We present some methodological lessons and thoughts inferred from a research we are making on a simulation of the Rungis Wholesale Market (in France) using cognitive agents. The implication of using cognitive agents with an objective of realism at the individual level question some of the classical methodological assertions about simulations. Three such lessons are of particular interest: the calibration and validation focus on individuals rather than global values (1); the definition of the simulation model is made independently from the research objectives (2), and without targeting the usual objective of hypothesis simplicity (3). © 2009 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, IAT 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Caillou, Philippe;Curchod, Corentin;Baptista, Tiago",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030533774,10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.228,"The interplay between organizational polychronicity, multitasking behaviors and organizational identification: A mixed-methods study in knowledge intensive …","Participants in a laboratory experiment (N = 79) role-played managers mediating a dispute between 2 peers. Building on previous research (e.g., P. J. Carnevale & D. E. Conlon, 1988) and theory (e.g., D. G. Pruitt, 1981), a 2 × 3 factorial design varied time pressure on the mediators (high vs. low time pressure) and trust exhibited between 2 preprogrammed disputants (high trust vs. low trust vs. a no-message control group). Participants could choose from messages exhibiting P. J. Carnevale's (1986) Strategic Choice Model of Conflict Mediation (inaction, pressing, compensating, or integrating), as well as rapport-building messages from K. Kressel's (1972) ""reflexive"" strategy. Results suggested that high time pressure increased the mediators' use of pressing messages and decreased the use of inaction messages. Participants also sent more reflexive messages when trust was low. Results are discussed in terms of mediation and conflict management theory.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1996-01-01,Article,"Ross, William H.;Wieland, Carole",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030175211,10.1518/001872096779048101,Arbetets geografi: Kunskapsarbetets organisation och utförande i tidrummet,"Because the naturalistic team decision-making environment is highly complex, there is a need to investigate the performance and process effects of variables that characterize such operational environments. We investigated the effects of team structure and two components of workload (time pressure and resource demand) on team performance and communication over time. Results of the study indicated that time pressure significantly degraded performance relative to resource demand and baseline workload conditions. Although teams exposed to resource demand did not exhibit degraded performance, these teams engaged in fewer statements concerning the availability of team resources than did teams in the other two workload conditions. Results regarding performance and communication changes over time indicated that training interventions might be most effective when imposed during the initial stages of a team's development. We discuss the results in the context of implications for complex decision-making teams. Because the naturalistic team decision-making environment is highly complex, there is a need to investigate the performance and process effects of variables that characterize such operational environments. We investigated the effects of team structure and two components of workload (time pressure and resource demand) on team performance and communication over time. Results of the study indicated that time pressure significantly degraded performance relative to resource demand and baseline workload conditions. Although teams exposed to resource demand did not exhibit degraded performance, these teams engaged in fewer statements concerning the availability of team resources than did teams in the other two workload conditions. Results regarding performance and communication changes over time indicated that training interventions might be most effective when imposed during the initial stages of a team's development. We discuss the results in the context of implications for complex decision-making teams.",,Human Factors,1996-06-01,Article,"Urban, Julie M.;Weaver, Jeanne L.;Bowers, Clint A.;Rhodenizer, Lori",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79952586519,10.1145/1940761.1940804,Spaces to control creative output of the knowledge worker: a managerial paradox?,"Due to technological advances, knowledge workers have become more mobile, expanding the variety of environments in which they may complete work. Despite the affordances of technology, however, knowledge workers may not have the autonomy to use these alternative work sites. Autonomy is a key criterion to producing creative work as well, so limits to autonomy are especially troubling for creative knowledge workers tasked with generating creative solutions-an increasingly important output to organizations given the turbulent environment. This paper draws on labor process theory to explore the sources that may be playing a role in diminishing the autonomy of these workers. Several propositions are presented relating forms of control, work environment options, autonomy, and creative performance. Copyright © 2011 ACM.",Built environments | Control | Creativity | Knowledge work | Labor process theory | Power | Surveillance,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2011-03-18,Conference Paper,"Spivack, April J.;Rubin, Beth A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901557590,10.4018/978-1-60566-994-6.ch004,"Engaging in virtual collaborative writing: Issues, obstacles, and strategies","In this chapter, the authors discuss factors useful for virtual collaborators to consider when initiating a new writing project. They identify the importance of and challenges common to getting to know others through virtual means. They then address issues associated with establishing expectations and protocols for the collaborative processes to be used for a given project. They do so by drawing from the literature on and their own experiences with virtual collaborative writing, as well as from communication logs and survey responses gathered from a small pilot study conducted in 2007. This pilot study focused on behavior and perceptions related to multiple types of communicative tools for interacting in daily workplace practice. They argue that behaviors, perceptions, expectations, and previous practice can all inform rules of engagement that can benefit teams working in virtual contexts. Time spent planning for the collaboration by defining common goals, rules, and guidelines in early stages of a virtual project can improve the collaborative experience: subsequent efficiency; role, task, and deadline delineations; and group satisfaction. © 2010, IGI Global.",,Virtual Collaborative Writing in the Workplace: Computer-Mediated Communication Technologies and Processes,2010-12-01,Book Chapter,"Wojahn, Patti G.;Blicharz, Kristin A.;Taylor, Stephanie K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944714557,10.1080/1051712X.2015.1081016,Value Co-Creation Processes—Early Stages of Value Chains Involving High-Tech Business Markets: Samsung–Qualcomm Semiconductor Foundry Businesses,"Purpose: This research aimed to identify both the specialized resources and competences for value co-creation when the value co-creation phenomenon is extended to the early stage of the value chain. Further, it proposes a framework that can analyze the value co-creation process in the high-tech business-to-business (B-to-B) market. Methodology/approach: The research methodology was based on building a theory from a case study. The qualitative data was coded based on the grounded theory coding after collecting data from multiple sources. Findings: Four critical resource types (financial resources, knowledge resources, efficiency resources, and intellectual resources) and five competence types (relational capability, collaboration capability, strategic capability, innovation capability, and managing capability) were constructed as the principal factors for value co-creation at the early stage in the value chain within the high-tech B-to-B market. Among the four resources and five competences, intellectual resource and strategic capability associated with value co-creation were unique findings in our case research. Research implications: Our results provided new insights, which the value co-creation can be extended to the early stages in the value chain, such as the research and development (R&D) stage, in the high-tech B-to-B market, whereas extant value research was more focused on the late stages of the value chain. The reciprocal value co-creation process, which used four resources and five competences of both the supplier and customer, was proposed as an integrated framework to co-create value at the early stage of the value chain within the high-tech B-to-B market. Practical implications: A supplier’s R&D, marketing, manufacturing, planning departments and the customer can utilize the defined resources as well as competences at different stages of the value chain in order to co-create value and improve their performance. In particular, the marketing department of the supplier needs to turn their eyes to the early stages in the value chain so as to seek a value co-creation strategy. Originality/value/contribution: A value co-creation strategy was sought from a different perspective, extending from a late stage to an early stage in the value chain of the high-tech B-to-B market. The integrated research framework, combining resources and competences of the supplier and customer, was established to analyze the value co-creation phenomenon.",business marketing | competence | industrial marketing | innovation | process | resource | value co-creation,Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing,2015-07-03,Article,"Park, Changhyun;Lee, Heesang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84955663217,10.1007/978-1-4939-0378-8_16,Agent based modeling to inform the design of multiuser systems,"Agent Based Modeling studies group activity by simulating the individuals in it and allowing group-level phenomena to emerge. It can be used to integrate theories to inform designs of technology for groups. Researchers use theories as the basis of the rules of how individuals behave (e.g., what motivates users to contribute to an online community). They can run virtual experiments by changing parameters of the model (e.g., the topical focus in an online community) to see what collective behaviors emerge.",,Ways of Knowing in HCI,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Ren, Yuqing;Kraut, Robert E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029693735,10.3758/bf03205475,All work and no… pay? Unpaid overtime in Greece: determining factors and theoretical explanations,"Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the deadline model for speed-accuracy tradeoffs. According to the deadline model, participants in speeded-response tasks terminate stimulus discrimination as soon as it has run to completion or as soon as a predetermined time deadline has arrived, whichever comes first. Speed is traded for accuracy by varying the time deadlines; short deadlines yield fast but sometimes inaccurate responses, whereas long deadlines allow for slow, accurate responses. A new prediction of this model, based on a comparison of reaction time distributions, was derived and tested in experiments involving the joint manipulation of speed stress and stimulus discriminability. Clear violations of this prediction were observed when participants made relative brightness judgments (Experiment 1) and when they made lexical decisions (Experiment 2), rejecting both the deadline model and the fast-guess model. Several alternative models for speed-accuracy tradeoffs, including random-walk and accumulator models, are compatible with the results.",,Perception and Psychophysics,1996-01-01,Article,"Ruthruff, Eric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70049097798,10.1007/978-3-540-68504-3_8,Persuasive Technology Design–A Rhetorical Approach,"This article offers a rhetorical design perspective on persuasive technology design, introducing Bitzer's method of the rhetorical situation. As a case study, knowledge workers in an industrial engineering corporation are examined using Bitzer's method. Introducing a new system, knowledge workers are to be given the task of innovating and maintaining business processes, thus contributing with content in an online environment. Qualitative data was gathered and Bitzer's theory was applied as a design principle to show that persuasive technology designers may benefit from adopting rhetorical communication theory as a guiding principle when designing systems. Bitzer's theory offers alternative ways to thinking about persuasive technology design. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Community | Knowledge management | Knowledge workers | Persuasion | Persuasive design | Persuasive technology design | Rhetoric,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Tørning, Kristian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029714629,,Why good processes sometimes produce bad results: A formal model of self-reinforcing dynamics in product development,"Decision makers in operational environments perform in a world of dynamism, time pressure, and uncertainty. Perhaps the most stable empirical finding to emerge from naturalistic studies in these domains is that, despite apparent task complexity, performers only rarely report the use of complex, enumerative decision strategies. If we accept that decision making in these domains is often effective, we are presented with a dilemma: either decision strategies are (covertly) more complex than these performers claim, or these tasks are (subtly) more simple than they might appear. We present a set of empirical findings and modeling results which suggest the latter explanation: that the simplicity of decision making is not merely apparent but largely real, and that tasks of high apparent complexity may yet admit to rather simple types of decision strategies. We also discuss empirical evidence that sheds light on the error forms resulting from the tendency of performers to seek and employ heuristic solutions to dynamic, uncertain decision problems.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kirlik, Alex;Rothrock, Ling;Walker, Neff;Fisk, Arthur D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029420320,10.1037/1196-1961.49.4.530,Escalation of disengagement across distributed groups: Ownership and opacity,"Males have consistently been found to perform better than females on a task that requires the subject to mentally rotate a figure. Recently, Goldstein. Haldane, and Mitchell (1990) suggested that performance factors are operative in explaining sex differences in spatial ability. However, Stumpf (1993) was unable to replicate all of Goldstein et al.'s (1990) findings and to generalize them to other measures of spatial ability. In this study, it was hypothesized (1) that females would take longer to respond and would get fewer correct items than males on a spatial rotation task, and (2) that only females would show a speed-accuracy tradeoff as the difficulty of the spatial task increased from the 90 degrees to 180 degrees rotated conditions. The results confirmed each of these hypotheses. Furthermore, as Stumpf (1993) found, when ratio scores from the number of items correct to number attempted were computed for both males and females, differences in spatial ability were reduced, though still evident.",,Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale,1995-01-01,Article,"Prinzel, L. J.;Freeman, F. G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029560157,,Real engineering is not what you learned at school...… or is it,"A study was conducted to establish whether (a) nurses were able to differentiate between perceived exertion and perceived time pressure during ten nursing tasks and (b) variations in perceived time pressure existed between subjects with and without low back complaints. The (adapted) Borg CR-10 scale was used to assess both perceived exertion and perceived time pressure. Both questions can be answered in the affirmative. Subjects seem to be able to differentiate between the two concepts. Moreover, subjects with low back complaints perceived more time pressure during the tasks than subjects without complaints do. It would appear that the Borg scale indeed seems to be a useful instrument to assess perceived time pressure.",Borg scale | Nursing | Perceived exertion | Perceived time pressure,Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand,1995-12-01,Conference Paper,"Engels, J. A.;Van der Gulden, J. W.J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029483543,10.1093/cdj/30.4.347,Projektverläufe: Herausforderungen und Ansatzpunkte für die Prozessgestaltung,"This article draws attention to the complexity of the social arrangements which form the background to travel decisions and travel behaviour in the low income context. It focuses on the 'borrowing' and 'repaying' of 'time favours' amongst low-income households arguing that these inter-household exchanges of favours are used to overcome, albeit partially, the financial resource constraints of low-income budgets. Using evidence from Merseyside, the article explores the interaction between financial constraints and time constraints in the making of travel arrangements in low-income households. A vignette, drawn from the Mersey evidence, provides a concrete illustration of the importance of these factors in practical family life. Moving beyond the sociological analysis of inter-household support structures, the article indicates new high technology European public transport developments which can usefully be harnessed as part of social policy to overcome some of the constraints which low-income families presently experience in gaining access to critical resources such as health. © 1995 Oxford University Press.",,Community Development Journal,1995-10-01,Article,"Grieco, Margaret",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029348647,10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.179,注意力分配——基于跨学科视角的理论述评,"A field study of 182 university students in their residences tested the relationships among subjective time pressure, Type A scores, and organizational citizenship behavior. Perceived time pressure did not inhibit any form of citizenship behavior. Scores on the Achievement-Striving dimension of the Type A measure were positively related to the impersonal form of citizenship behavior as well as perceived time pressure and grade point average.",,Psychological reports,1995-01-01,Note,"Organ, D. W.;Hui, C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0008238161,10.4018/irmj.1995070103,Individuelle Autonomie in Projektteams,"Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. This research empirically tested the effects of presentation format, time pressure, and task complexity on decision performance. The objective was to determine the effective presentation format (graphics or tables) for the performance of tasks of varying complexities by decision makers under time pressure. Results showed that when time pressure was low, the effectiveness of the two presentation formats depended on the type and complexity of the task. With increasing time pressure graphics generally were found more advantageous. The findings add to the literature by showing the superiority of graphics over tables in supporting decision making under time pressure. © 1995, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),1995-07-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21844514576,10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.161,Les nouvelles formes organisationnelles et la persistance des effets de genre dans les services technologiques aux entreprises,"Categorization of complex stimuli under time pressure was investigated in 3 experiments. Participants carried out standard binary classification tasks. In the transfer stage, different response deadlines were imposed. Results showed that response deadlines affected the applied level of generalization and the dimensional weight distribution. At short deadlines, participants generalized more than at longer deadlines. Dimensional weights were influenced heavily by perceptual salience at shorter deadlines, whereas they depended primarily on the formal category structure in conditions without a deadline. A formal model that extends the generalized context model of categorization with a time-dependent similarity concept is proposed to account for these results. That model provides a parsimonious and accurate account of the data from the 3 experiments. © 1995 American Psychological Association.",,Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,1995-01-01,Article,"Lamberts, Koen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950977136,10.1007/bf03344268,"Unterbrechungen bei der Arbeit und Multitasking in der modernen Arbeitswelt—Konzepte, Auswirkungen und Implikationen für Arbeitsgestaltung und Forschung","Frequent work interruptions and multitasking are important features of the modern ""accelerated"" world of work. In this article we will give a survey about the state of the art of both strongly related phenomenons. Particularly insights about limited processing resources of the central nervous system on the basis of modern resource concepts will be considered and possible consequences for human performance capacities and health will be discussed. Finally, some implications for work design and occupational-medical research will be derived.",Limited processing capacities | Multitasking | Performance capacity | Resource concepts | Work interruptions,"Zentralblatt fur Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie",2010-01-01,Article,"Freude, Gabriele;Ullsperger, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028942703,10.1016/0042-6989(94)00195-R,Heures supplémentaires et qualité de la vie,"Two prior approaches to size processing are discussed in this paper. The first approach is based on measurements of mental size transformations, the second on measurements of thresholds for size and separation. We first analyze these prior approaches and point out differences among prior models and similarities among prior results. This analysis led to new psychophysical experiments that tested the effect of size, relative precision, and eccentricity on the speed of perceptual processing. Speed was not affected by size, but was affected by relative precision and eccentricity. These new results, along with prior results, are then used to formulate a new model based on an exponential pyramid algorithm. This new model, which uses elements of both traditional approaches, can better account for prior, as well as our new results, on the time-course of size processing. © 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd.",Exponential pyramid | Mental size transformation | Multiresolution analysis | Size perception | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Vision Research,1995-01-01,Article,"Pizlo, Zygmunt;Rosenfeld, Azriel;Epelboim, Julie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84991593709,10.1145/2961111.2962616,A study of documentation in agile software projects,"Although agile methods have become established in software engineering, documentation in projects is rare. Employing a theoretical model of information and documentation, our paper analyzes documentation practices in agile software projects in their entirety. Our analysis uses method triangulation: partly-structured interviews, observation and online survey. We demonstrate the correlation between satisfaction with information searches and the amount of documentation that exists for most types of information as an example. Also digital searches demand nearly twice as much time as documentation. In the conclusion, we provide recommendations on the use of supporting methods or tools to shape agile documentation.",agile documentation | Information behavior,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2016-09-08,Conference Paper,"Voigt, Stefan;Von Garrel, Jörg;Müller, Julia;Wirth, Dominic",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84912119510,10.1177/1098214014537397,Shadowing in Formative Evaluation: Making Capacity Building Visible in a Professional Development School,"Shadowing is a data collection method that involves following a person, as they carry out those everyday activities relevant to a research study. This article explores the use of shadowing in a formative evaluation of a professional development school (PDS). Specifically, this article discusses how shadowing was used to understand the role of a professor-in-residence (PIR) working with a PDS, and how this role facilitates capacity building at the school. After describing what shadowing is, its uses, and challenges, a brief overview of the PDS model and the role of a PIR, the authors describe their experiences with (1) developing and managing a relationship with the PIR and (2) how validity was established for the study. The article concludes with suggestions for integrating shadowing in formative evaluations.",capacity building | formative evaluation | methods | qualitative | responsive evaluation | shadowing,American Journal of Evaluation,2014-12-29,Article,"Hall, Jori N.;Freeman, Melissa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029200276,,Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: lessons from high profile public projects,"The preferences of operators and the sensitivity of their performance to time pressure were investigated under varying levels of information granularity during machine-aided target detection in cluttered and degraded imagery. Three levels of granularity of aided target recognition (ATR) information were presented: binary (coarse granularity), discrete (moderate granularity), and continuous (fine granularity). The display methods for the ATR's judgments were selected to be most appropriate and natural for each level of granularity. The binary and discrete levels were presented graphically while the continuous information was presented numerically. Subjects' performance and their preferences were analyzed. The results show that coarse and moderate levels of granularity for presentation of ATR information are robust to varying degrees of time pressure.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,1995-01-01,Conference Paper,"Entin, Eileen B.;Serfaty, Daniel;MacMillan, Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84942020339,10.1111/soc4.12296,Beyond the sociology of diagnosis,"The sociology of diagnosis offers a vantage point from which to study health and illness, linking a number of other threads of sociological thought. While there has been a growing interest in diagnosis since Mildred Blaxter's suggestion for a sociological exploration in 1978 - a call echoed by Brown in 1990 - it is timely to reflect upon the way in which sociologists engage with diagnosis. Within this review essay, I first consider what it is to ""be a sociology"" in general terms. I then explore the implications of this for an effective sociology of diagnosis, discussing the priorities it has recently developed as well as the directions its scholars might consider. Finally, I suggest ways in which sociologists of diagnosis could broaden their approach in order to advance their understanding of health, illness, and medicine. © 2015 John Wiley",,Sociology Compass,2015-09-01,Article,"Jutel, Annemarie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855571577,10.1016/0042-207X(95)00016-X,"Collaboration, Information Seeking and Communication: An Observational Study of Software Developers' Work Practices.","Different aspects defining the nature of software engineering work have been analyzed by empirical studies conducted in the last 30 years. However, in recent years, many changes have occurred in the context of software development that impact the way people collaborate, communicate with each other, manage the development process and search for information to create solutions and solve problems. For instance, the generalized adoption of asynchronous and synchronous communication technologies as well as the adoption of quality models to evaluate the work being conducted are some aspects that define modern software development scenarios. Despite this new context, much of the research in the collaborative aspects of software design is based on research that does not reflect these new work environments. Thus, a more up-to-date understanding of the nature of software engineering work with regards to collaboration, information seeking and communication is necessary. The goal of this paper is to present findings of an observational study to understand those aspects. We found that our informants spend 45% of their time collaborating with their colleagues; information seeking consumes 31,90% of developers' time; and low usage of software process tools is observed (9,35%). Our results also indicate a low usage of e-mail as a communication tool (~1% of the total time spent on collaborative activities), and software developers, of their total time on communication efforts, spending 15% of it looking for information, that helps them to be aware of their colleagues' work, share knowledge, and manage dependencies between their activities. Our results can be used to inform the design of collaborative software development tools as well as to improve team management practices. © J.UCS.",Awareness | Collaboration | CSCW | Multi-tasking | Observational study | Software engineers,Journal of Universal Computer Science,2011-12-01,Article,"Gonçalves, Márcio Kuroki;de Souza, Cleidson R.B.;González, Víctor M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029038337,10.1016/0301-0511(95)05109-0,Leadership & open systems: The middle path to leading in open system environments,"Our approach to objective measures of mental workload is establishing relationships between components of the event-related brain potential (ERP) and information processing stages. These relationships can be used to infer the influence of specific workload conditions on specific processing stages. We recently showed that the ERP component P300 in choice tasks is composed of two subcomponents, P-SR and P-CR, which are time-related to stimulus-evaluation and response-selection. With these relations we could specify which processing stages were affected when certain workload conditions are varied. When attention was divided between the visual and auditory modalities compared to (unimodal) focused attention, the choice reaction time (RT) was prolonged, primarily in the auditory modality. This delay was mainly reflected in the P-CR latency, which shows that the division of attention mainly impairs the response-selection process in the auditory modality due to a bias of attention towards the visual modality. When the time-pressure was increased, the latency of the P-CR (and not of the P-SR) was shortened, but less than the choice RT. This suggests a (limited) acceleration of response-selection but not of stimulus evaluation. Since the response-selection process was accelerated less than the overt choice RT, an increase of the error rate was consequently observed. In summary we showed that increases of mental workload can induce accelerations or decelerations of specific processing stages which can be monitored by observing latency changes of the affiliated ERP components. © 1995.",Attention | ERP | Mental workload | P300 | Time-pressure,Biological Psychology,1995-01-01,Article,"Hohnsbein, Joachim;Falkenstein, Michael;Hoormann, Jörg",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0009206884,10.1007/BF00996192,Managing conflicting objectives: The role of cognition in reconciling corporate financial and social performance expectations,"Consumers often make purchase decisions while under time pressure. This research examines the effect of time constraints on the choice of brands that differ in perceived quality, price, and product features. Specifically, when making choices under time pressure, consumers were found to be more likely to choose higher-quality brands over lower-quality brands and top-of-the-line models with enhanced product features over basic models with fewer features. Alternative explanations for these effects are explored, and practical implications are discussed. © 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.",brand management | consumer choice | time pressure,Marketing Letters: A Journal of Research in Marketing,1995-01-01,Article,"Nowlis, Stephen M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255185121,10.1016/j.jebo.2011.05.016,Networking or not working: A model of social procrastination from communication,"This paper provides an explanation for why many organizations are concerned with "" e-mail overload"" and implement policies to restrict the use of e-mail in the office. In a theoretical model we formalize the tradeoff between increased productivity from high priority communication and reduced productivity due to distractions caused by low priority e-mails. We consider employees with present-biased preferences as well as time consistent employees. All present-biased employees ex-ante are motivated to read only important e-mail, but in the interim some agents find the temptation to read all e-mail in their inbox too high, and as a result suffer from productivity losses. A unique aspect of this paper is the social nature of procrastination, which is a key to the e-mail overload phenomenon. In considering the firm's policies to reduce the impact of e-mail overload we conclude that a firm is more likely to restrict e-mail in the case of employees with hyperbolic preferences than in the case of time-consistent employees. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Communication | E-mail overload | Present-biased preferences | Social spillovers,Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2011-12-01,Article,"Makarov, Uliana",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028937862,,The work experiences of student affairs professionals: What values guide practice?,,,Fortschritte der Medizin,1995-01-01,Conference Paper,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642468101,10.1108/09590559510103963,"Leisure Time Invention–Waste of Effort, or Wellspring of Breakthrough Ideas?","Reports the results of an exploratory study of the effects of time pressure on consumer supermarket shopping behaviour. Unique to the study are the use of measures of both actual and relative shopping time and purchase amount, and measures of self-reported perceived time pressure. Measures of relative shopping time and purchase amount potentially provide more accurate methods for measuring time pressure effects in certain shopping situations while the use of self-reported time pressure makes the results applicable to a wider variety of consumers. Results indicate that time-pressured shoppers do not necessarily spend any more or less time or money in supermarkets. Instead, supermarket shoppers tend to spend less time making any given purchase and more money in the time available to them. Provides several suggestions for improving future research of time pressure effects as well as several possible retail strategies for dealing with the time-harried consumer. © 1995, MCB UP Limited.",,International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management,1995-01-01,Article,"Herrington, J. Duncan;Capella, Louis M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028905924,10.1080/00140139508925171,What Inspires Leisure Time Invention?,"An experiment involving a simulated decision support system was carried out to examine the patterns of user-system interaction and decision information utilization under personnel decision support. A computer simulation program of personnel decision support was developed, using actual personnel management data from eight Chinese enterprises, and the process tracing techniques were adopted. Thirty-six subjects (users) participated in this experiment. A 2 × 2 design of task constraints was formulated including two forms of decision information representations (chunking vs. random) and two types of time pressure (3 minutes vs. 1 minute). The results showed that, in interacting with decision support systems, users’ weights of decision information attributes were closely correlated with the types of information search patterns. Under high time-pressure and chunking representation condition, more selective search strategies were adopted with a similar pattern of the sequential search as it was under low time-pressure. The user-system interaction revealed a linear additive process of information utilization. Implications of the results are discussed in relation to the design of effective decision support systems for complex decision situations. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Cognitive representation | Decision support | Task constraints | Time pressure | User-system interaction,Ergonomics,1995-01-01,Article,"Wang, Zhong Ming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875927318,10.1080/07370024.2012.697026,The routineness of routines: measuring rhythms of media interaction,"The routines of information work are commonplace yet difficult to characterize. Although cognitive models have successfully characterized routine tasks within which there is little variation, a large body of ethnomethodological research has identified the inherent nonroutineness of routines in information work. We argue that work does not fall into discrete classes of routine versus nonroutine; rather, task performance lies on a continuum of routineness, and routineness metrics are important to the understanding of workplace multitasking. In a study of 10 information workers shadowed for 3 whole working days each, we utilize the construct of working sphere to model projects/tasks as a network of humans and artifacts. Employing a statistical technique called T-pattern analysis, we derive measures of routineness from these real-world data. In terms of routineness, we show that information workers experience archetypes of working spheres. The results indicate that T-patterns of interactions with information and computational media are important indicators of facets of routineness and that these measures are correlated with workers' affective states. Our results are some of the first to demonstrate how regular temporal patterns of media interaction in tasks are related to stress. These results suggest that designs of systems to facilitate so-called routine work should consider the degrees to which a person's working spheres fall along varying facets of routineness. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2013-07-01,Article,"Su, Norman Makoto;Brdiczka, Oliver;Begole, Bo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028739301,,CHILDREN'S AND PARENTS'EXPERIENCES ON EVERYDAY LIFE AND THE HOME/WORK BALANCE IN FINLAND,"Two paradigms, Fitts' Law and the 'Force' of Newton, have found conflicting results in speed-accuracy tradeoffs for arm movements. In the Fitts' Law, movement time is the dependent measure while accuracy (width) and distance (amplitude) are the independent variables. The 'Force' of Newton, accuracy is the dependent measure while movement time and distance are the independent variables. These two paradigms focus on speed (velocity), using acceleration as the model for the key kinematic variable. A Monte Carlo simulation was created to model multiple submovements. This simulation predicts movement times and the number of submovements to 'capture' a target.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,1994-12-01,Conference Paper,"Guisinger, Mark A.;Flach, John M.;Robison, Amy B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872027427,10.1007/978-3-642-13244-5_13,Where and When Can Open Source Thrive? Towards a Theory of Robust Performance,"While the economic impact of, and the interest in, open source innovation and production has increased dramatically in recent years, there is still no widely accepted theory explaining its performance. We combine original fieldwork with agent-based simulation to propose that the performance of open source is surprisingly robust, even as it happens in seemingly harsh environments with free rider, rival goods, and high demand. Open source can perform well even when cooperators constitute a minority, although their presence reduces variance. Under empirically realistic assumptions about the level of cooperative behavior, open source can survive even increased rivalry and performance can thrive if demand is managed. The plausibility of the propositions is demonstrated through qualitative data and simulation results. © 2010 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.",Agent-based Modeling | Exchange | Innovation | Performance,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Levine, Sheen S.;Prietula, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929746423,10.1108/PR-07-2013-0116,Slowing work down by teleworking periodically in rural settings?,"Purpose - The rise of knowledge work has entailed controversial characteristics for well-being at work. Increased intensification, discontinuities and interruptions at work have been reported. However, knowledge workers have the opportunity to flexibly adjust their work arrangements to support their concentration, inspiration or recuperation. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the experienced well-being of 46 knowledge workers was subject to changes during and after a retreat type telework period in rural archipelago environment. Design/methodology/approach - The authors conducted a longitudinal survey among the participants at three points in time: one to three weeks before, during, and two to eight weeks after the period. The authors analyzed the experienced changes in psychosocial work environment and well-being at work by the measurement period by means of repeated measures variance analysis. In the next step the authors included the group variable of occupational position to the model. Findings - The analysis showed a decrease in the following measures: experienced time pressure, interruptions, negative feelings at work, exhaustiveness of work as well as stress and an increase in work satisfaction. There were no changes in experienced job influence, clarity of work goals and work engagement. Occupational position had some effect to the changes. Private entrepreneurs and supervisors experienced more remarkable effects of improvement in work-related well-being than subordinates. However, the effects were less sustainable for the supervisors than the other two groups. Originality/value - This paper provides insights into how work and well-being are affected by the immediate work environment and how well-being at work can be supported by retreat type telework arrangements.",Knowledge work | Quantitative | Telework Paper type Research paper | Well-being | Work environment,Personnel Review,2015-06-01,Article,"Vesala, Hanne;Tuomivaara, Seppo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028489552,10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.199,Technology and innovation,"Time pressure was manipulated in a laboratory task for 77 undergraduate subjects, who also responded to a measure of Type A syndrome. Afterwards, an occasion for organizational citizenship behavior was presented in the form of participation in a survey. Type A scores were unrelated to those on any measure of organizational citizenship behavior; time pressure acted to depress especially the quality of organizational citizenship behavior.",,Psychological reports,1994-01-01,Article,"Hui, C.;Organ, D. W.;Crooker, K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951709900,10.1109/HICSS.2010.461,IT use and the interruption of NPD knowledge work,"While product development (NPD) groups typically use information technology (IT) to enhance their knowledge work, such usage also elicits group-level interruptions. This paper develops a conceptual model that studies the partial mediation effect of interruptions on the link between IT use and knowledge integration in NPD. It proposes that IT use causes two interruption types that represent alternate channels of influence on knowledge integration. Specifically, intrusions inhibit knowledge integration by raising group workload, while feedback interventions facilitate knowledge integration by enhancing the group's collective mind. The paper contributes to the literature by providing insights on how IT use affects the knowledge work of groups that are faced with various interruption types. © 2010 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2010-05-07,Conference Paper,"Addas, Shamel;Pinsonneault, Alain",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028532012,10.1016/0378-7206(94)90048-5,Boundary management,"Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. A model of decision making under pressure is developed here. Drawing from existing theory and empirical research in psychology and human behavior, the model defines the role and relationship of relevant variables. © 1994.",Decision support | Human factors | Time pressure | User/machine systems,Information and Management,1994-01-01,Article,"Hwang, Mark I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84955660709,10.1007/978-981-287-612-6_2,"The new way of working: Bricks, bytes, and behavior","The world in which we work is changing. Information technologies transform our work environment, providing the fl exibility of when and where to work. With the changes in the way we work, the role of the workplace is changing as well. Offi ces transform from dull production facilities to inspiring meeting places, in which no effort is spared to create a new sense and experience of work. Employees engage in a working relationship that suits them best in terms of ambition, skills, lifestyle, and stage of life. The New Way of Working is a relatively new phenomenon that provides the context for these developments. It consists of three distinct pillars that are referred to as Bricks, Bytes, and Behavior: the work location, use of ICT, and the employee-manager relation. The New Way of Working employees have the freedom to work when and where they are most productive. This freedom is based on mutual trust instead of managerial control and on results instead of presence. Research shows that after the implementation of the New Way of Working, employees experience more job autonomy, a higher level of job satisfaction, decreased levels of stress, and a more peaceful family life. Though the New Way of Working may not be a cure for all organizational illnesses, organizations need to realize that in an ever-changing world, changes in the way we work are inevitable.",New world of work | NWOW | Telework | The new way of working | Work flexibility,The Impact of ICT on Work,2016-01-01,Book Chapter,"de Kok, Arjan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028503702,10.1111/j.1467-9450.1994.tb00952.x,The social construction of time in a brazilian company: internal clock and external time,"The effects of time pressure on decisions and judgments were studied and related to the use of different decision rules in a multiattribute decision task. The decision alternatives were students described by their high school grades in Swedish, Psychology and Natural Science. The subjects were asked to choose the student they thought would be most able to follow a university program and graduate as a school psychologist. On the basis of earlier findings using the same kind of decision task (Svenson et al., 1990) it was hypothesised that subjects under time pressure would prefer candidates having the maximum grade across all attributes to a greater extent than subjects under no time pressure. Furthermore, it was hypothesised that subjects under time pressure would also focus more on the most important attribute and choose the alternatives being best on that attribute. The results supported these hypotheses. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",decision making | decision rules | judgments | Time pressure,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,1994-01-01,Article,"EDLAND, ANNE",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002721234,10.1016/0001-6918(94)90013-2,Coarseness in US public communication,"Decision-making behaviour is considerably affected by dynamic aspects of the task environment. First of all, as a dynamic situation continuously changes, a decision maker has to take time into consideration. Second, a decision maker can use feedback providing information on the effect of own actions on system change, elaborating the set of strategies that can be used to cope with the decision problem. Third, in dealing with uncertainty a trade-off has to be made between costs of action, for example information search, versus the risks involved in doing nothing. The present paper describes an experiment in which subjects had to control a system that changed over time. Deteriorations in system performance could either result from changes in system parameters or from false alarms. Of major interest was decision behaviour as a function of time pressure, in this case, speed of system decline. Decision strategies are described in terms of the time allocated to decision phases and in terms of behavioural indices related to information requests and actions. The results showed a general speedup of information processing as time pressure increased. The decision strategy remained constant across all experimental conditions: subjects waited until a specific value of overall system performance was reached, then requested information on the underlying cause, and subsequently executed an action. Under high levels of time pressure, however, this strategy led to a significant increase in system crashes. The findings indicate that people do not optimally react to the time dimension of decision problems. It is concluded that future research should investigate the effects of a priori probabilities of false alarms, and of the costs involved in the decision-making process. © 1994.",,Acta Psychologica,1994-01-01,Article,"Kerstholt, JoséH H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84942861087,10.1108/TPM-06-2015-0030,Collective work motivation in knowledge based organizations,"Purpose – Collective work motivation (CWM) has been construed as humans’ innate predispositions to effectively undertake team-oriented work activities under ideal conditions (Lindenberg and Foss, 2011). However, management research aimed at explicating its etiology in knowledge-based organizations (KBOs) has been largely ignored. Given that these organizations strive to gain market competitiveness by motivating employees to cooperatively share knowledge, as well as protect organizational specific knowledge from being externally expropriated, it becomes expedient to understand how they can mobilize and sustain CWM that is geared towards the normative goal of knowledge sharing and knowledge protection. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual insights from the social identity theory were deployed by the study. Findings – Three hypothetical principles derived from the processes of social categorization, social comparison and social identification tentatively mobilize and sustain CWM in KBOs. Originality/value – This paper adopts the social identity perspective to CWM. In so doing, it sees CWM as a team-based intrinsically derived process rather than an extrinsic means of eliciting the motivation of people in KBOs to engage in the normative goal of knowledge sharing and protection.",Collectivism | Employees | Knowledge management | Motivation | Social processes | Teams,Team Performance Management,2015-10-12,Article,"Tongo, Constantine Imafidon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-29544448170,10.1108/09649420510635196,Social innovators or lagging behind: factors that influence managers' time use,"Purpose The broad aim of this paper is to investigate whether managers in Australia allocate their time differently than other occupational groups, and the impact gender and life situation (using marital status and presence or absence of dependent children as a proxy) has on time allocation. Design-methodology-approach To address these broad aims, data are drawn from the 1997 Australian Time Use Survey. This is a nationally representative survey that examines how people in different circumstances allocate time to different activities. Findings The results of this study highlight three important issues. The first is that male and female managers display different patterns of time use. Male managers' time is dominated by paid employment activities, whereas female managers' time is spent predominantly on employment and domestic activities. The second is that life situation impacts on the time use of female managers, but not male managers. The third important find of this study is that managers' time use is different to other occupational groups. Practical implications These findings have policy implications relating to work-life balance, career progression and changes in patterns of work. In terms of work-life issues, it reveals that male and female managers face a “time squeeze”, with some evidence of a “second-shift” for female managers. In addition, the findings provide insight into the work-life issues faced by male and female managers. Originality-value The results of this inquiry provide insight into how different individuals spend their time – insight into “lifestyles”. However, in-depth qualitative studies are required to reveal why individuals allocate their time in this way and to understand the opportunities and constraints individuals face in time allocation. © 2005, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Expatriates | Japan | Performance levels | Women,Women in Management Review,2005-12-01,Article,"Blunsdon, Betsy;Reed, Ken;Mcneil, Nicola",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028360646,10.1097/00013614-199406000-00003,Structure and Sense: a study of organization based on the theories of Weick and Jaques,"Pressure necrosis resulting from vascular occlusion must be understood and anticipated by the clinician in advance, if pressure ulcers are to be prevented. © 1994 Aspen Publishers, Inc.",Critical vascular occlusion time | Deep pressure necrosis | Pressure ulcer | Time-pressure relationships,Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation,1994-01-01,Article,"Feedar, Jeffrey A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869853174,10.1002/bdm.3960070202,Time experience within an organization: how do individuals manage temporal demands and what technology can we build to support them?,"This study examines the time management strategies of individuals in an academic institution and gathers information on the complex temporal structures they experience and manage. Its focus is on how electronic tools can be designed to incorporate the temporal structures that govern time usage and thus, help individuals to better manage their time. This work consists of an exploratory field study to gather data on how people use temporal structures with electronic tools. This is followed by a survey that will be given to a larger group of respondents in the same subject population examined with the field study. The survey will test the hypotheses developed from a literature review on time management coupled with the information uncovered in the field study. Finally a prototype computer time management tool will be developed and distributed on a trial basis to the same community surveyed. A brief follow-up study will then be conducted on the prototype's use.",Electronic calendars | Electronic time management tools | Organizational behavior | Scheduling | Temporal structures | Time | Time management,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Wu, Dezhi;Tremaine, Marilyn;Hiltz, Starr Roxanne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,Markets for Attention: Will Postage for Email Help?,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-28844479741,10.1006/jrpe.1993.1017,Innovationsmanagement in der Hightech-Branche-Ein neues Innovationsparadigma?,"The relationship between need for cognition (a motivation to engage in thinking and cognitive endeavors), time pressure, and predecisional external information search was experimentally investigated, using an information display board paradigm. Under time pressure, subjects accelerated processing, and reported less confidence in their decision. Low-need-for-cognition (NC) subjects expended less cognitive effort to the task than did high-NC subjects, as was indicated by cognitive responses and self-reports. Differences in search strategy in response to time pressure were found only among subjects low in need for cognition and not among high-NC subjects. Under time pressure low-NC subjects, compared to unpressured low-NC subjects, exhibited search strategies that are more variable in amount of information assessed across alternatives, indicating the use of more heuristic strategies. © 1993 Academic Press. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Research in Personality,1993-01-01,Article,"Verplanken, Bas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027714485,10.1159/000261936,組織中的時間與時間觀: 回顧與展望,"The goal of this experiment is to find the most important phonetic features of Dutch accent-lending pitch movements, in terms of shape, pitch level and alignment with the segmental structure. Time pressure is used as a heuristic method to isolate important phonetic aspects of pitch movements, assuming that under time pressure the speaker will preserve those aspects. In a production experiment, accent-lending rises ('1') and falls ('A') were realized under various types of time pressure. The pitch rise is time-compressed under all pressure types, which would mean that the shape of the rise is relatively unimportant. The segmental alignment of the rise proved to be more important: the onset of the rise is synchronized with the syllable onset. For the fall no fixed synchronization point was found, but its shape was relatively invariant, indicating that shape rather than exact timing is the more important feature of the fall.",,Phonetica,1993-01-01,Article,"Caspers, J.;van Heuven, V. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85072421514,10.4271/930721,"Взаимосвязь социально-психологических характеристик менеджеров, занятых в проектах, и способов принятия ими управленческих решений","In two experiments, we examined the possibility that rearview mirror reflectivity influences drivers' perceptions of the distance to following vehicles. In the first experiment, subjects made magnitude estimates of the distance to a vehicle seen in a variable-reflectance rearview mirror. Reflectivity had a significant effect on the central tendency of subjects' judgments: distance estimates were greater when reflectivity was lower. There was no effect of reflectivity on the variability of judgments. In the second experiment, subjects were required to decide, under time pressure, whether a vehicle viewed in a variable-reflectance rearview mirror had been displaced toward them or away from them when they were shown two views of the vehicle in quick succession. We measured the speed and accuracy of their responses. Mirror reflectivity did not affect speed or accuracy, but it did cause a bias in the type of errors that subjects made. With lower reflectivity, there was an increase in errors in which displacements that were actually nearer were judged to be farther, and an approximately compensating decrease in errors in which displacements that were actually farther were judged to be nearer. We interpret these results in terms of their implications for optimal reflectivity levels of rearview mirrors. The findings that reflectivity did not affect variability of magnitude estimates, reaction time for distance discrimination, or accuracy of distance discrimination suggest that the quality of distance information should not be considered a major factor in determining optimal reflectivity levels. However, these results should be interpreted within the limits of the methods of this study. Furthermore, the effect of reflectivity on the central tendency of magnitude estimates of distance should be explored further. © Copyright 1993 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.",,SAE Technical Papers,1993-01-01,Conference Paper,"Flannagan, Michael J.;Sivak, Michael;Battle, Dennis S.;Sato, Takashi;Traube, Eric C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870015864,,Implications of Time-Critical Information Services on Emergency Response ITS Architecture: Scenario-Building and Market Package Analysis,"Previous emergency medical services (EMS) research has established a foundation for conceptual and empirically based tools that improve the scientific understanding of the interaction between information and organizational systems. Recent research has introduced the time-critical aspect into the delivery of EMS by examining end-to-end performance through a chain of dispatchers and responders. Within the United States, work is currently underway at a national level to develop the next generation of 9-1-1 services that integrate voice, data, and video. However, there still exists a challenge in that no single organization is responsible for managing end-to-end system performance. Knowledge of the performance across the system will benefit stakeholders and organizational elements responsible for facilitating service level agreements between the service providers. Based upon an examination of the Intelligent Transportation Systems architecture and the Next Generation 9-1-1 Concept of Operations documents, the authors provide recommendations for integrating performance metrics into emergency response architecture.",Architecture | Emergency medical services | Performance | Time-critical information services,"Association for Information Systems - 12th Americas Conference On Information Systems, AMCIS 2006",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Marich, Michael;Horan, Thomas A.;Schooley, Benjamin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78249241556,10.1080/10400419.2010.523400,Organizational innovation climate and creative outcomes: Exploring the moderating effect of time pressure,"Time pressure, one of the factors of organizational innovation climate, has an inconsistent effect on employee creativity. Based on the interactional approach, this study attempted to describe time pressure as a moderator. Data were collected from two surveys of R&D employees at Taiwanese national research institutions in 2007 and 2009. The results showed that time pressure moderated the relationship between organizational innovation climate and creative outcomes. As most theorists had predicted, in a strong organizational innovation climate, time pressure hindered creative outcomes. However, as many practitioners advocate, time pressure enhanced creative outcomes in a weak organizational innovation climate. The implications in a time pressure/organizational innovation climate matrix are discussed. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Creativity Research Journal,2010-10-01,Article,"Hsu, Michael L.A.;Fan, Hsueh Liang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027154669,10.1093/geronj/48.3.P150,Software developers' information needs: Towards the development of intelligent recommender systems,"Young and old subjects performed a mental rotation task with a within- subject instructional manipulation of speed/accuracy criteria. The three sets of instructions emphasized speed, accuracy, or both speed and accuracy equally. Both age groups changed reaction time (RT) in response to instructions, but there was no Age x Instruction interaction. Whereas young subjects showed decreases in accuracy with decreasing RT, older adults showed relatively stable levels of accuracy with decreasing RT, suggesting that young subjects were more willing to sacrifice accuracy for improvement in speed. Speed/accuracy operating characteristics for the two groups did not overlap, suggesting that age differences in response criteria cannot completely account for age differences in mental rotation performance.",,Journals of Gerontology,1993-01-01,Article,"Hertzog, C.;Vernon, M. C.;Rypma, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976968919,10.1177/031289629301800204,Time for justice: Long working hours and the well-being of police inspectors,"Managers are often required to make complex decisions under severe time constraints. We predicted that the perception of time pressure, even when there is sufficient time to make a decision, may impair decision making activity. A pilot study and two experiments were conducted on a sample of 162 university students, who were assigned to a time-pressure condition or a no time-pressure condition. In support of the prediction, time-pressured students generated fewer objectives and alternatives and considered fewer consequences. The “hassled decision maker” effect may be due to: The disruptive effects of psychological stress; the need for rapid cognitive closure; interruptions due to continual monitoring of time and deadlines; and, resentment at the demand to work quickly. Implications of the findings for management practice are discussed. © 1993, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",DECISION MAKING | INFORMATION PROCESSING | TIME PRESSURE,Australian Journal of Management,1993-01-01,Article,"Mann, Leon;Tan, Charlotte",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963626674,10.1145/2818048.2819988,Considering Time in Designing Large-Scale Systems for Scientific Computing,"High performance computing (HPC) has driven collaborative science discovery for decades. Exascale computing platforms, currently in the design stage, will be deployed around 2022. The next generation of supercomputers is expected to utilize radically different computational paradigms, necessitating fundamental changes in how the community of scientific users will make the most efficient use of these powerful machines. However, there have been few studies of how scientists work with exascale or close-to-exascale HPC systems. Time as a metaphor is so pervasive in the discussions and valuation of computing within the HPC community that it is worthy of close study. We utilize time as a lens to conduct an ethnographic study of scientists interacting with HPC systems. We build upon recent CSCW work to consider temporal rhythms and collective time within the HPC sociotechnical ecosystem and provide considerations for future system design.",Collective time | High performance computing | HPC | Scientific collaboration | Temporal rhythms | Temporality | Time,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW",2016-02-27,Conference Paper,"Chen, Nan Chen;Poon, Sarah S.;Ramakrishnan, Lavanya;Aragon, Cecilia R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027045051,,Time in the Lives of Division III Student Athletes,"Summary form only given. It is contended that despite persistent beliefs to the contrary, the management of innovation in most organizations, including firms in engineering and technology, appears to violate the fundamental requirements of a critical process in innovation, the creative process. That is, although it has been established that for many intellectual workers creative activities and projects are best undertaken in settings free of many traditional organizational restrictions, actual policies and practices in the majority of organizations in the United States appear to produce rigid and inhibitive work environments. Aspects of these environments include relatively inflexible official and operative work hours and work-location requirements, various forms of inappropriate deadline pressures, and too-vigilant supervision. It is argued that work hours and work-location expectations are inextricably linked and produce the most suffocating of the effects on creativity. Abundant evidence of managerial policies and practices inimical to creativity and ultimately to innovation, particularly in the form of temporal-locational requirements, has been found. A theory- and research-based blueprint for change has been developed.",,,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Persing, D. Lynne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027048669,,"Impact of Online Social Networking on Employees' Commitment to Duties in Selected Organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria",This paper reviews some of the structural implications of designing for a hydrocarbon explosion in an offshore module. The importance of layout as a means of mitigating against high blast overpressures is discussed with some guidelines given to avoid features which may contribute to high blast overpressures. The response to a calculated time pressure plot is compared with an idealised plot. Drag loading and the generation of projectiles is also discussed and a design chart for use with drag loads is presented. A chart for calculating the velocity of a projectile is presented with a chart enabling the distance travelled by the projectile to be calculated. Criteria for measuring the damage caused by a blast are also discussed.,,Proceedings of the International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Corr, R. B.;Snell, R. O.;Tam, V. H.Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987677420,,"Shadow IT, Risk, and Shifting Power Relations in Organizations","We draw on notions of power and the social construction of risk to understand the persistence of shadow IT within organizations. From a single case study in a mid-sized savings bank we derive two feedback cycles that concern shifting power relations between business units and central IT associated with shadow IT. A distant business-IT relationship, a lack of IT business knowledge and changing business needs can create repeated cost and time pressures that make business units draw on shadow IT. The perception of risk can trigger an opposing power shift back through the decommissioning and recentralization of shadow IT. However, empirical findings suggest that the weakening tendency of formal programs may not be sufficient to stop the shadow IT cycle spinning if they fail to address the underlying causes for the shadow IT emergence. These findings highlight long-term dynamics associated with shadow IT and pose ""risk"" as a power-shifting construct.",IT governance | Power relations | Risk | Shadow IT,AMCIS 2016: Surfing the IT Innovation Wave - 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Furstenau, Daniel;Sandner, Matthias;Rothe, Hannes;Anapliotis, Dimitrios",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986845484,10.1002/mar.4220090503,The partnership for strong families task analysis study,"This study attempts to identify conditions under which consumer information overload occurs. A theory which states that information overload will occur when the time‐related task demands exceed the capacity of the system is suggested and tested. An experiment is reported in which an inverted U‐shaped function relating decision quality to information load occurred when time pressure was present, but did not when it was absent. Copyright © 1992 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company",,Psychology & Marketing,1992-01-01,Article,"Hahn, Minhi;Lawson, Robert;Lee, Young Gyu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026550386,10.1016/0003-6870(92)90007-I,"Creative Collaboration: Technology, teams, and the tastemakers' dilemma","This study attempted to identify the major sources of work-related stress among telephone operators, with special emphasis on computer monitoring and telephone surveillance. A cross-sectional random sample of over 700 telephone operators participated in a questionnaire survey (response rate = 88%). The survey included items designed to measure perceived stress, management practices, specific job stressors and monitoring preferences. Call-time pressure items were most strongly linked to job stress by operators, with 70% reporting that difficulty in serving a customer well and still keeping call-time down contributed to their feelings of stress to a large or very large extent. About 55% of operators reported that telephone monitoring contributed to their feelings of job stress. If given the opportunity, 44% of operators stated they would prefer not to be monitored by telephone at all, while 23% stated they would prefer some monitoring; 33% had no preference. The setting of inappropriate individual-call-time objectives, which may be consistently unachievable for some operators and which create conflict between management demands for quantity and quality and also between workers values concerning quality and productivity demands, appears to be the most stress-inducing aspect of the job. In terms of telephone surveillance, the issues of timeliness and specificty of feedback appear to be less important than call-time pressure. © 1992.",call-time pressure | computer modelling | telephone operators | Work-related stress,Applied Ergonomics,1992-01-01,Article,"DiTecco, D.;Cwitco, G.;Arsenault, A.;André, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951715630,10.1109/HICSS.2010.201,Exploring the association between temporal dispersion and virtual team performance,"A relatively new research stream inquires into phenomena related to temporal separation, or temporal dispersion (TD) in distributed virtual teams. There is little empirical work to date on the association of TD with different indicators of team performance. This paper explores the relation between TD, product quality and product development speed, using open source software development teams as research framework. TD is defined and operationalized into two dimensions: coverage and overlap, and an exploratory regression model is tested on data collected from multiple archival sources comprising 100 open source software development distributed project teams. Results show that TD has a negative association with software interrelease time and that TD interacts with product complexity in its association with product quality. © 2010 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2010-05-07,Conference Paper,"Colazo, Jorge A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026133898,10.1080/02701367.1991.10607529,Managing interruptions: The role of fit between task demands and capacity,,,Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,1991-01-01,Article,"Reeve, T. Gilmour;Proctor, Robert W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956430777,10.1109/IPCC.2010.5530009,Forming groups into teams through virtual interactions: Researching remote collaborators and “getting to know you”,"Research suggests that collaborators prefer to begin projects during face-to-face encounters, but in many organizations, team members are unable to meet their collaborators outside of a virtual setting. Working solely at a distance can prove to be a challenge, particularly early in a project when virtual collaborators need to get a sense of roles, tasks, and one another. How do - and how can - remote collaborators maneuver through the early stages of a project: getting to know one another and building a working relationship? How can we learn about and study how professional communicators collaborate with others at a distance? We have begun to explore such questions by developing approaches that can add voices of practitioners to the growing research literature. We place issues that surfaced during a pilot of our research instruments within the contexts of the literature on virtual collaboration and our own experiences as they relate to developing remote teams. From all of these sources, we suggest issues to consider when forming remote teams. © 2010 IEEE.",Collaborative processes | Team formation | Virtual collaborative writing,IEEE International Professional Communication Conference,2010-09-15,Conference Paper,"Wojahn, Patti;Taylor, Stephanie K.;Blicharz, Kristin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85108031768,10.4324/9781315766744,Deconstructing the Welfare State: managing healthcare in the age of reform,"Who are NHS middle managers? What do they do, and why and how do they do it’? This book explores the daily realities of working life for middle managers in the UK’s National Health Service during a time of radical change and disruption to the entire edifice of publicly-funded healthcare. It is an empirical critique of the movement towards a healthcare model based around HMO-type providers such as Kaiser Permanente and United Health. Although this model is well-known internationally, many believe it to be financially and ethically questionable, and often far from 'best practice' when it comes to patient care. Drawing on immersive ethnographic research based on four case studies – an Acute Hospital Trust, an Ambulance Trust, a Mental Health Trust, and a Primary Care Trust – this book provides an in-depth critical appraisal of the everyday experiences of a range of managers working in the NHS. It describes exactly what NHS managers do and explains how their roles are changing and the types of challenges they face. The analysis explains how many NHS junior and middle managers are themselves clinicians to some extent, with hybrid roles as simultaneously nurse and manager, midwife and manager, or paramedic and manager. While commonly working in ‘back office’ functions, NHS middle managers are also just as likely to be working very close to or actually on the front lines of patient care. Despite the problems they regularly face from organizational restructuring, cost control and demands for accountability, the authors demonstrate that NHS managers – in their various guises – play critical, yet undervalued, institutional roles. Depicting the darker sides of organizational change, this text is a sociological exploration of the daily struggle for work dignity of a complex, widely denigrated, and largely misunderstood group of public servants trying to do their best under extremely trying circumstances. It is essential reading for academics, students, and practitioners interested in health management and policy, organisational change, public sector management, and the NHS more broadly.",,Deconstructing the Welfare State: Managing Healthcare in the Age of Reform,2016-06-23,Book,"Hyde, Paula;Granter, Edward;Hassard, John;McCann, Leo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025498569,,Does academic work make Australian academics happy?,"When dispensing materials for printed circuit board (PCB) applications, such as conformal coating and temporary solder mask, the goal is to apply a large volume of material in the shortest possible time over a wide area. Generally, accuracy, while important, is not a major requirement of the process. Components, circuits boards, have gotten smaller and smaller since the evolution of surface mount packaging. As these packages get smaller, the tolerances for the application of materials (typically solder paste and surface mount adhesive) have also become tighter. While lines and beads of material have many of the same requirements for dispensing, in most surface mount applications, the material is dispensed in the form of dots. Therefore, this article deals directly with the dispensing of adhesives, solder paste, and conductive epoxies in the form of dots.",,Surface mount technology,1990-10-01,Article,"Engel, Jack",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025529188,10.1080/02701367.1990.10607496,Career priorities and pathways across the (gendered) life course,"Abstract The speed-accuracy operating curve was investigated in a movement precuing two- or four-choice reaction time task. Four levels of response preferences were manipulated with subject instructions and postresponse information: (a) accuracy, (b) reaction time latency, (c) accuracy and reaction time latency, and (d) no preference. Eighty subjects completed 480 discrete keypressing responses with the index and middle fingers of both hands. The mixed design mean reaction time analysis indicated faster performances for the reaction time latency and the accuracy and reaction time latency groups than the no preference group. Additionally, the percent correct analysis revealed two significant interactions: (a) Trial Block x Precue x Response Preference, and (b) Delay x Precue x Hand Position. Overall, the present findings provide partial support for the speed-accuracy operating curve predictions. Caution is advised when drawing chronométrie inferences based only on reaction time data or when response accuracies are extremely high. © 1990, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. © 1990 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Choice reaction time | Movement precues | Response preference | Response preparation | Speed-accuracy tradeoff,Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,1990-01-01,Article,"Cauraugh, James H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000318357,10.1016/0001-6918(90)90084-S,"Some now, some later? Selecting a'lot size'of e-mails to process at one time","The effects of time pressure were investigated on choices and judgments of pairs of partially described alternatives. Subjects judged which of two students would be more qualified to follow a university program for school psychologists. Subjects indicated the preferred candidate and the rated attractiveness difference between candidates in each pair, based on information about high school grades in Swedish, Psychology and Natural Sciences. Each candidate in a pair was described by grades in only two of these attributes - one common for the two candidates and one unique. The exposure time for each pair was systematically varied so that time pressure was imposed in some conditions. Contrary to expectations, it was found that common attribute information was used less under time pressure. No support was found for the expected increased importance of negative information under time pressure. Instead, time pressure resulted in a shift toward greater preference for the candidate with the maximum grade. This result is opposite to the 'harassed decision maker effect' (Wright 1974). A process model capturing the most frequent decision rules and the effects of time pressure is presented. © 1990.",,Acta Psychologica,1990-01-01,Article,"Svenson, Ola;Edland, Anne;Slovic, Paul",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85011238628,10.1080/00380237.2013.740993,Work and Family Stressors and the Quality of Father-Child Relationships: Do Neighborhood Resources Matter?,"Recognizing the linkages among family, neighborhood, and work, this study examines whether neighborhood resources (neighborhood satisfaction and informal helping) mediate the relationships between job stressors (work hours, job inflexibility, and work-to-family conflict), family stressors (housework hours and family-to-work conflict), and father-child relationship quality. We performed OLS regressions on data from fathers (N = 85) from a random sample of couples from the northern part of a western state. Results indicate a direct and negative relationship between job inflexibility and father-child relationship quality that is partially mediated by neighborhood satisfaction. Additionally, family-to-work conflict bears a direct and negative relationship with father-child relationship quality, and neighborhood satisfaction mediates this relationship. Altogether, the analyses support the contention that neighborhood resources may mitigate some of the stresses associated with work and family life. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Sociological Focus,2013-01-01,Article,"Minnotte, Krista Lynn;Pedersen, Daphne E.;Mannon, Susan E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870958754,,Co-Evolution of Organizational Network and Individual Behavior: an Agent-Based Model of Interpersonal Knowledge Transfer.,"This study focuses on the co-evolution of informal organizational structures and individual knowledge transfer behavior within organizations. Our research methodology distinguishes us from other similar studies. We use agent-based modeling and dynamic social network analysis, which allow for a dynamic perspective and a bottom-up approach. We study the emergent network structures and behavioral patterns, as well as their micro-level foundations. We also examine the exogenous factors influencing the emergent process. We ran simulation experiments on our model and found some interesting findings. For example, it is observed that knowledgeable individuals are not well connected in the network, and our model suggests that being fully involved in knowledge transfer might undermine individuals' knowledge advantage over time. Another observation is that when there is high knowledge diversity in the system, informal organizational structure tends to form a network of good reachability; that is, any two individuals are connected via a few intermediates.",Agent-based modeling | Knowledge transfer | Network evolution | Social network analysis,ICIS 2010 Proceedings - Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems,2010-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lin, Yuan;Desouza, Kevin C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024911488,10.1016/S0167-9287(89)80040-8,How to become a better manager in social work and social care: essential skills for managing care,"Computer-based experimental simulations are discussed as a specific type of simulation. Educational and research advantages of simulations are discussed in general terms, and two negotiation studies using a computer-based simulation are discussed in detail. The advantages and shortcomings of the negotiation simulation are discussed. The argument is made that these simulations not only provide a valuable educational experience for students, but (properly designed) can assist researchers in their attempts to understand the dynamics of negotiation. © 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved.",Conflict | Dispute resolution | Mediation | Negotiation | Simulation,Education and Computing,1989-01-01,Article,"Conlon, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85055272359,10.1177/0961463X17716736,Time–space distanciation: An empirically supported integrative framework for the cultural psychology of time and space,"While researchers in social psychology often explore space and time in isolation, the relations between these dimensions are rarely considered. To address this gap, we explore a model of Time–Space Distanciation, the extent to space and time are abstracted from one another in the cultural coordination of activity. We introduce this construct with an emphasis on its interdisciplinary roots and its status as a feature of both group- and individual-level psychology. We then offer three studies providing initial evidence of the distinctiveness of this variable at both levels. We find that (1) state-level time–space distanciation is related to, but distinct from, collectivism and cultural tightness and (2) it has important implications for collective well-being. We further found that (3) individual-level time–space distanciation is associated with a wide range of trait differences. We conclude by describing the implications of this research for the study of time, space, and their connection.",collectivism | Cultural psychology | modernism | time and space | well-being,Time and Society,2019-02-01,Article,"Keefer, Lucas A.;Stewart, Sheridan A.;Palitsky, Roman;Sullivan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57049186388,10.1145/1358628.1358732,Interpersonal interruptibility: a framework and research program,"To date, research exploring interpersonal technology-mediated interruptions has focused on understanding how knowledge of an ""interruptee's-local- context"" can be utilized to reduce unwanted intrusions. However, the value of everyday interruptions are strongly tied to interrupter-interruptee relationships, interrupter's context and interruption content that we refer to as the 'relational context'. This suggests that a fresh approach to interruptibility research is needed that focuses on understanding how the knowledge of this relational context can be used to improve interruption management decisions. To address this concern a theoretical framework and associated research program are presented. The validity of fundamental aspects of this framework is then demonstrated through a study of cell phone call handling decisions. It shows that ""who"" is calling is used most of the time (87.4%) by individuals to make call handling decisions (N=834) unlike the interruptee's current local social (34.9%) or cognitive (43%) contexts. In addition, a clear disconnect was shown between the influence of local interrupee-context and relational context in terms of call handling decisions, suggesting that interruption management systems that focus only on an interruptee's-local-context will be ineffective. An alternative design approach is described to address these short comings.",Availability | Interruption | Mobile | Phones,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2008-12-08,Conference Paper,"Grandhi, Sukeshini A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024058883,10.1037/0022-3514.55.2.266,It's about time: The temporal impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) on groups,"Eighty subjects from an introductory psychology course rated the desirability of eight course structures that differed according to all combinations of the presence or absence of effort required for success, time pressure, and the provision of feedback. Subjects also completed questionnaire measures of the Type A behavior pattern, test anxiety, and external locus of control. Results showed that the Type A behavior pattern was negatively related to external locus of control and that externals tended to have higher test anxiety scores than internals. Multiple regression analyses that involved the personality variables and age and gender showed that the Type A variable predicted preference for course structures that involved effort and feedback and that external control predicted preference for course structures that were independent of effort and provided little feedback. Test anxiety and desirability ratings were positively correlated for the course structure that was not dependent on effort, had little time pressure, and had little feedback. The results were consistent with the view that individuals seek out and prefer situations that are consistent with their personality characteristics.",,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1988-01-01,Article,"Feather, N. T.;Volkmer, R. E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015840283,10.1057/9781137001337_6,Brothers in Business: The Pakistani Family Business in the UK,"This chapter discusses the findings from a pilot study which is part of a larger ongoing study that is considering the nature of family dynamics in ethnic-minority-owned family businesses based in the UK. Ethnic minority entrepreneurs including those of Asian and Caribbean descent are making significant contributions to UK economic development. Previous studies (Barrett, Jones and Mcevoy (2001); Waldinger, Ward, Aldrich and Stanfield (1990) have shown that in the UK the number of ethnic minority start-ups is comparatively high compared to other groups of start-up entrepreneurs. However, the contribution of migrant entrepreneurs has largely been neglected by researchers (Williams et al., 2004; Keeble, 1989) and also appears to have been overlooked by family business researchers. This chapter explains the cultural theoretical framework for the study and highlights the cultural aspects of the Pakistani family business discovered and explored in the pilot study.",,"The Modern Family Business: Relationships, Succession and Transition",2016-01-01,Book Chapter,"Fakoussa, Rebecca;Collins, Lorna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349807856,10.1108/01435120910982078,Harnessing time: empowering staff in the workplace,"Purpose This paper aims to describe a staff development activity introduced at a small regional library in Victoria, Australia to assist staff to take more control of their work time. The selfdirected professional activity (SDPA) allows staff to nominate an activity that would benefit them professionally and then provides the support and infrastructure so they can focus on one task for a sustained period of time, free from external distractions. Design/methodology/approach This single case study describes the experiences of 11 library staff undertaking the SDPA four times over a two year period, 20062008. The perspective of participants was recorded and analysed using a focus group discussion, personal written reflections and written responses to open ended survey questions. Findings The activity achieved its initial aim of providing staff with greater control over their professional time. Staff appreciated having a dedicated time to plan and complete a specified task, which they nominated as a priority, without external interruptions. Difficulties encountered by staff included defining a task or activity that could be completed in one afternoon and resisting the temptation to check email and answer telephone calls. Research limitations/implications The sample size is very small, focusing on one specific work environment, which makes it difficult to generalise about the applicability of this model to other organisations. Practical implications The experiences described in this case study illustrate that allowing staff to set their own priorities and minimising external interruptions can assist staff to feel more in control of their time at work. Originality/value The paper shows that elements of this approach could be incorporated into any workplace, although it appears to be of greater benefit to workers who must multitask in open office environments or to those who must juggle competing priorities. © 2009, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Australia | Empowerment | Human resource management | Learning | Libraries | Self managing teams,Library Management,2009-07-24,Article,"Sheridan, Linda",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893019289,10.1002/cb.1459,Consumer response to interruption features and need for cognitive closure,"Prior research on interruptions focuses entirely on the process being interrupted and assumes interruption homogeneity. Across two studies, we examine how heterogeneous features of interruptions (i.e., timing, frequency, and perceived pleasantness) and consumer individual differences (i.e., need for cognitive closure (NFCC)) impact consumer response toward a product. We find interruption features have opposing effects on consumer response for consumers high versus low in NFCC-depending upon the perceived valence of the interruption. Specifically, individuals with high NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur late or infrequently. In contrast, those who have low NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur early or perceived to be unpleasant and occur infrequently. The role of interruption pleasantness is discussed in terms of its predictive power for perceived pleasant but not perceived unpleasant interruptions. Finally, study findings are placed within marketing contexts that guide managerial implications. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Consumer Behaviour,2014-01-01,Article,"Niculescu, Mihai;Payne, Collin R.;Luna-Nevarez, Cuauhtémoc",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001073911,10.1016/0167-4870(88)90051-7,The iron shield? How organizational formalization enhances workers temporal flexibility,"This research investigates the influence of individual differences and situational factors on the quantity and content of information recalled from product labels. Age, personality, distraction, time pressure, and product familiarity are found to be related to the processing of product label information. Implications of the results for marketers include the possibility of information overload on the product label, and design label. © 1988.",,Journal of Economic Psychology,1988-01-01,Article,"Héroux, Lise;Laroch, Michel;McGown, K. Lee",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024088805,10.1061/(ASCE)9742-597X(1988)4:4(320),Studying episodic access to personal digital activity: activity trails prototype,"The influence of time pressure on decision making is reviewed from a behavioral standpoint. The discussion focuses on the manner in which managers often retreat from a high-trust environment during a crisis, thereby limiting their effectiveness as collaborative leaders. This retreat is attributed to the competition between time and trust in which time constraints prevent the development and maintenance of trust within the decision-making team. The paper identifies trust as a key element of successful teams within organizations, and as a necessary prerequisite to the exchange of ideas and information necessary for optimal solutions. A framework of behavioral tendencies is suggested, which managers and decision makers can use to check their attitudes and responses during a crisis. Recognition of these tendencies will enable managers to encourage open communication and more effective decision making under time pressure. © ASCE.",,Journal of Management in Engineering,1988-01-01,Article,"Berzins, William E.;Dhavala, Murty D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The rhetorical situation for knowledge sharing of best pratices in corporate online environments,"This paper addresses some of the issues concerning the use of variable accuracy optical processors to improve the processing time required to obtain a high accuracy solution to a set of Linear Algebraic Equations (LAEs). We begin with a standard error analysis of the Steepest Descent iterative algorithm used to find the solution to the LAEs. This results in an expression relating the accuracy of the solution to the number of iterations and the inherent system accuracy in each mode of operation, along with the eigen-structure of the matrix describing the LAE. The accuracy at any iteration is a combination of terms representing the ideal algorithmic improvement plus the degradation due to processor inaccuracies. An evaluation of the proper number of iterations for processing in both low and high accuracy modes can be inferred through an examination of the tradeoffs in accuracy between these two terms. The expression is evaluated for several sample problems obtained from the Adaptive Phased Array Radar field. These results are then interpreted with respect to specific optical processing architectures. © SPIE.",,Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,1987-08-11,Conference Paper,"Kumar, B. V.K.Vijaya;Carroll, C. W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908590369,10.1145/2628363.2634259,Socio-technical practices and work-home boundaries,"Recent advances in mobile technology have had many positive effects on the ways in which people can combine work and home life. For example, having remote access enables people to work from home, or work flexible hours that fit around caring responsibilities. They also support communication with colleagues and family members, and enable digital hobbies. However, the resulting 'always-online' culture can undermine work-home boundaries and cause stress to those who feel under pressure to respond immediately to digital notifications. This workshop will explore how a socio-technical perspective, which views boundaries as being constituted by everyday socio-technical practices, can inform the design of technologies that help maintain boundaries between work and home life.",HCI | Leisure | Personal informatics | Wellbeing | Work | Work home boundary management,MobileHCI 2014 - Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services,2014-09-23,Conference Paper,"Cox, Anna L.;Dray, Susan;Bird, Jon;Peters, Anicia;Mauthner, Natasha;Collins, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982507338,10.1111/j.1911-3846.1987.tb00659.x,The Effect of interruptions on prospective memory in the emergency department,"Abstract. This study examines audit managers' review time effort (as reflected in their time estimates for working paper review) and the extent to which this effort is directed by another important audit manager activity: initial audit planning. Initial audit planning is manipulated by identifying certain audit areas as critical in the planning memo. Time pressure and individual auditor characteristics also are examined because auditing literature suggests that they may affect managers' review. The analysis is based on the responses, to an audit case, of 73 audit managers from ten large accounting firms. The results indicate that: 1) the managers exhibit reasonable agreement in budgeting over half of audit management time to review, 2) the initial audit plan directs their subsequent review, 3) time pressure does not significantly affect their estimated review times, and 4) firm affiliation, auditor experience level, and initial planning effort are associated with differences in managers' review practices and perceptions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results for practice and further research. 1987 Canadian Academic Accounting Association",,Contemporary Accounting Research,1987-01-01,Article,"BAMBER, E. MICHAEL;BYLINSKI, JOSEPH H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908969270,10.4324/9780203888841-18,Social networks and creativity: Combining expertise in complex Innovations,"Creativity depends on opportunities that arise from a conjunction of social networks and knowledge development that create opportunities to create technologies. Using a nested multilevel approach, looking at institutional characteristics at industry level, firm level networks, and interpersonal interactions, I argue that industry level beliefs influence technology innovation. Social networks open opportunities for creative minds to interact with others and combine resources to create new technologies. We illustrate this theory by looking at complex technologies. I present two case studies: (1) the development of two new technologies for floating off-loading and production of oil, and (2) how engineers in ten firms battle pollution problems from paper and pulp mills. Social network analysis reveals how nested networks of industries, organizations and individuals contribute opportunities and resources to complete the innovations.",,The Routledge Companion to Creativity,2008-01-01,Book Chapter,"Greve, Arent",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022729454,10.3758/BF03207071,"Multi-dimensional time, Multi-layered outputs: A win-win solution to the research-teaching dilemma","This experiment examined the effects of sex differences in the form of speed-accuracy curves on sex differences in rate of mental rotation. Eighty-nine subjects attempted 1,200 rotation problems similar to those used by Shepard and Metzler (1971). Stimulus exposure was varied systematically over a wide range, and response accuracy was determined at each exposure. Speed-accuracy curves were then fit using an exponential function similar to one proposed by Wickelgren (1977). Results showed that apparent differences between males and females in rate of rotation are explained by sex differences in the shape of the speed-accuracy curves, with females reaching asymptote sooner on trials requiring more rotation. Similar effects were obtained in a comparison of subjects high and low in spatial ability. © 1986 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1986-11-01,Article,"Lohman, David F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249042185,10.1016/0191-8869(86)90096-6,Between planned and emergent collaboration: boundary activation and identity development in the psychosocial space of a Greek educational partnership,"The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Personality Inventory were administered to 96 college students, along with a choice reaction-time (RT)/movement-time task. The results show that females and Ss high on neuroticism made significantly fewer ballistic errors on the RT. The implications for RT research are discussed. © 1986.",,Personality and Individual Differences,1986-01-01,Article,"Larson, Gerald E.;Saccuzzo, Dennis P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84967546705,10.4324/9781315751795,"Institutionalizing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The Role of Science, Professionalism, and Regulatory Control","Reproductive medicine has been very successful at developing new therapies in recent years and people having difficulties conceiving have more options available to them than ever before. These developments have led to a new institutional landscape emerging and this innovative volume explores how health and social structures are being developed and reconfigured to take into account the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF treatments. Using Sweden as a central case study, it explores how the process of institutionalizing new assisted reproductive technologies includes regulatory agencies, ethical committees, political bodies and discourses, scientific communities, patient and activists groups, and entrepreneurial activities in the existing clinics and new entrants to the industry. It draws on new theoretical developments in institutional theory and outlines how health innovations are always embedded in social relations including ethical, political, and financial concerns. This book will be of interest to advanced students and academics in health management, science and technology studies, the sociology of health and illness and organisational theory.",,"Institutionalizing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The Role of Science, Professionalism and Regulatory Control",2016-02-18,Book,"Styhre, Alexander;Arman, Rebecka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249042076,10.1016/0749-5978(86)90045-2,Time management and procrastination,"This experiment used multiple-cue probability learning to study the effects of time pressure on judgment. Undergraduate students were trained to use cues with linear or curvilinear function forms to predict a criterion. Subsequent to training, performance under time pressure was compared with selfregulated performance. Lens model analyses indicated that cognitive control deteriorated under time pressure while cognitive matching remained unchanged. This effect was limited to complex cue-criterion environments containing curvilinear function forms. The results suggest that the time pressured individual tends to be erratic even while implementing correct policy. © 1986.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1986-01-01,Article,"Rothstein, Howard G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845875421,10.4337/9781847202833.00015,Making sense of temporal organizational boundary control,,,Research Companion To Working Time And Work Addiction,2006-12-01,Book Chapter,"MacDermid, Graeme",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0010873813,10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.31,A study of the influence of goal alignment on multi-organizational projects: A system dynamics approach,"The present research sought to eliminate the effects of debilitating test anxiety on achievement test performance through the development of new ways of giving tests that provide more optimal estimates of all students' achievement. Third- and fourth-grade children (N = 155) were divided into low, middle, and high test-anxious groups. They were then tested in small groups on age-appropriate arithmetic problems either under time pressure typical of current achievement testing or under no time pressure (i.e., they were given all the time they needed to finish). High-anxious boys displayed poor performance under time pressure compared to their less anxious peers yet improved significantly when time pressure was removed, with high- and middle-anxious boys matching the performance of low-anxious boys. Low-anxious boys and high-anxious girls performed better under time pressure. Children's rate-accuracy patterns are examined, and several maladaptive strategies are suggested. High- and middle-anxious boys tended to perform quite quickly but inaccurately, whereas middle-and high-anxious girls tended to perform quite slowly but with only medium accuracy. Nearly all low-anxious students showed high accuracy and a moderate (neither too fast nor too slow) performance rate. Suggestions are made for diversifying test procedures to take into account different children's motivational dispositions and test-taking strategies, as well as for teaching children appropriate strategies for coping with the demands of different tests. © 1986 American Psychological Association.",,Developmental Psychology,1986-01-01,Article,"Plass, James A.;Hill, Kennedy T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000829719,10.1016/0001-6918(85)90017-4,Temporal Intelligence in Leadership: The Conceptualisation and Evaluation of Temporal Individual Differences among Leaders,"The distinction between E (experimenter-controlled) and S (subject-controlled) experimental paradigms is related to the macro- and the micro-tradeoff between speed andaccuracy, and to the distinction between state and process (or resource and data) limitations. A discrimination task is described, involving E and S conditions, which respectively emphaise state or process limitations on the quantity or quality of information utilised by the subject. Results from both conditions show a clear difference between macro- and micro-tradeoffs, are inconsistent with a number of fixed- and variable-sample decision models, but can be explained in terms of an accumalator process. On this basis, a taxonomy of performance functions is proposed, and it is concluded that differences between macro- and macro-tradeoffs and distinctions between state and process limitations, can be understood only in terms of a detailed model of how information is processed by the subject. © 1985.",,Acta Psychologica,1985-01-01,Article,"Vickers, Douglas;Burt, Jenny;Smith, Philip;Brown, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021582161,,Copy and paste as an indicator of relevance: Towards the development of intelligent recommender systems for software engineers,"The DEEC and single crystal turbine materials used in an increased life core (ILC) are completing qualification under a separate effort known as the F100 Component Improvement Program (CIP) for late 1985 production. Among the 'lessons learned' from this program to date are: The ability to evaluate, through testing, advanced technology concepts and to drop them and add new ones if potentially unacceptable characteristics are identified without the schedule pressures associated with a Full Scale Development (FSD) program; Design objectives and goals can be evaluated and changed as future requirements evolve; The ability to transition demonstrated advanced technology components into an on-going CIP for qualification; The value of joint contractor, Air Force and NASA test programs.",,AIAA Paper,1984-12-01,Conference Paper,"Edmunds, David B.;McAnally, William J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021393854,10.1080/00140138408963489,Requirements engineering in building climate science software,"An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of time pressure and of training on the utilization of compensatory multi-attribute (MAU) decision processes. Sixty subjects made buying decisions with and without training in the process of compensatory MAU decision-making. This was repeated with and without time pressure. It was found that training resulted in more effective decision making only under the 'no time pressure' condition. Under time pressure the training did not improve the quality of decision making at all, and the effectiveness of the decisions was significantly lower than under no time pressure. It was concluded that specific training methods should be designed to help decision makers improve their decisions under time pressure. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Decisions | Effectiveness | Time pressure | Training,Ergonomics,1984-01-01,Article,"Zakay, Dan;Wooler, Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986685602,10.1002/job.4030050406,Projekt „Glückliches Leben “. Zum Zusammenhang von Zeitnutzung und Glück bei berufstätigen Eltern,,,Journal of Organizational Behavior,1984-01-01,Article,"Peters, Lawrence H.;O'Connor, Edward J.;Pooyan, Abdullah;Quick, James C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874876933,10.1007/s11577-013-0193-x,Being a part-time manager? An empirical analysis of the use of part-time work among managers in Europe,"Part-time work helps organizations to ensure flexibility and allows employees to combine work and family duties. However, despite their desire to work reduced hours, many individuals work full-time - particularly those in leadership positions. This article therefore examines which factors contribute to the use of part-time work among managers. By analysing a data set that combines individual-level data from the European Labor Force Survey (2009) with country-level information from various sources, we identify the circumstances under which managers reduce their working hours and the factors that explain the variations in part-time work among managers in Europe. Our multi-level analyses show that normative expectations and cultural facts rather than legal regulations can explain these cross-national differences. © 2013 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.",International comparison | Managers | Multi-level analyse | Part-time work,Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie,2013-03-01,Article,"Hipp, Lena;Stuth, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020698640,10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00105.x,Work-life balance in organizational subcultures: The case of Mutua,"A detailed analysis was made of the visuo‐motor behaviour of 139 pre‐school children during a spatial‐constructive task with and without time‐pressure. The study focused mainly on sex differences and the implications of minor neurological dysfunctions for children's visuo‐motor behaviour. Between sexes only minor differences in behavioural organization and efficiency were found. Between neurological groups only differences within the girls were found, those with lower neurological optimality scores showing more signs of ‘lack of motor inhibition’ and distraction in the prestress condition, seemingly related to differences in motivation. No effect was found for time‐pressure for groups with a different neurological status. Copyright © 1983, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved",minor neurological dysfunction | observation | pre‐school children | sex difference | time‐pressure | visuo‐motor coordination,Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,1983-01-01,Article,"Kalverboer, A. F.;Brouwer, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020310698,,Puntos calientes,,,"National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia",1982-12-01,Conference Paper,"Stretton, A. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000547734,10.1037/0278-7393.8.5.361,Sensorbasiertes Monitoring zur kontextsensitiven Unterstützung von Wissensarbeit,"Various theories of probabilistic inference and stimulus classification predict that for stimuli with separable dimensions (Ds) (a) Ds are utilized sequentially from most to least salient; (b) equating for likelihood ratio, the more salient a D is, the greater its effect on opinion; (c) the number of Ds processed varies systematically with costs, payoffs, and available time; and (d) interdimensional additivity is increasingly violated as dimensional salience decreases. The predictions were tested in 2 probabilistic inference experiments. Exp I (13 college students) utilized stimuli with 1 or 3 binary Ds, and Exp II (36 Ss) utilized stimuli with 5 binary dimensions. Ss in Exp II were either under time pressure or not and were paid according to either an extreme or a moderate payoff rule. The predictions were generally sustained, but there were specific violations in terms of sequential effects and systematic patterns of D dependence, such that restructure of the basic theory is necessary. It is suggested that processing occurs in 2 stages, one leading to a tentative binary decision and the other to a degree of confidence in the choice. In the 2nd stage, Ds are processed sequentially and configurally with the bias toward the choice already made. (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American Psychological Association.","additivity of dimensions of multidimensional stimuli, probabilistic inference, college students | relative salience & | time pressure &","Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition",1982-09-01,Article,"Wallsten, Thomas S.;Barton, Curtis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020123562,10.3758/BF03202660,"De la stratégie au management de l'équipe projet, comment prendre en compte les différentes facettes du temps?","Two experiments examined the speed-accuracy tradeoff for stimuli used by Martin (1979), some of which have a Stroop-like conflict between the relevant (to-be-judged) and the irrelevant aspect. Speed of transmitting information about a local aspect was significantly reduced when the irrelevant global aspect conflicted with the relevant local aspect, while speed of transmitting information about the global aspect was not affected when the irrelevant local aspect conflicted with the relevant global aspect. This result, when extrapolated to the accuracy level of an ordinary reaction-time task, fitted very well the reaction-time predictions of the global precedence model proposed by Navon (1977). However, other results were incongruent with the fundamental assumption of that model: that global features are accumulated with temporal priority over local features. The finding that, independently of speed, information transmission of the global aspect started later when the irrelevant local aspect was conflicting, corroborates Miller's (1981a) conclusion that global and local features are available with a similar time course. Global precedence is therefore a postperceptual effect; absence of interaction with S-R compatibility suggested that it operated before the response selection stage. The term global dominance may be preferred, because it avoids the implication of prior availability for the global aspect. Furthermore, the possibility of whether Stroop conflict should be considered a necessary condition for global dominance is discussed. © 1982 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1982-07-01,Article,"Boer, Louis C.;Keuss, P. J.G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001438475,10.1037/0022-3514.42.5.876,Les champs de tension de la fonction d'encadrement: quelles adaptations des acteurs?,"Augmented the research design used by H. H. Kelley et al (1967) to examine negotiation about the division of a common reward to include 2 factors expected to interact with bargainer's limit: time pressure and the other bargainer's toughness. Five hypotheses were tested: (1) Concession rate is lower the higher a bargainer's limit; (2) concession rate is greater under high, as opposed to low, time pressure; (3) bargainer toughness is mismatched, that is, the greater the other's initial demand and the slower the other's concessions, the larger will be the S's concessions; (4) concession rate is more influenced by limit level under high, as opposed to low, time pressure; and (5) mismatching of the other's toughness is more pronounced under high time pressure than under low. Ss were 48 female undergraduates. All hypotheses were supported except Hypothesis 3, which received partial support. Ss conceded slowly when the other conceded slowly and rapidly when the other conceded rapidly. A possible explanation for this finding is that matching occurs when it is possible to judge the fairness of the other's offers. When this is possible, bargainers engage in reciprocity. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American Psychological Association.","other's toughness & | own limit & | time pressure, concession rate in negotiation, female college students",Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1982-01-01,Article,"Smith, D. Leasel;Pruitt, Dean G.;Carnevale, Peter J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0009065968,10.3758/BF03330210,Nye begreber om tid og arbejde–et tidssociologisk perspektiv.,"Test-anxious and non-test-anxious students performed a letter classification task under speeded and unspeeded conditions. The speed and accuracy of the students’ “same-different” judgments were analyzed to reveal effects of group, response deadline, and presence of an exam. Test-anxious students were found to respond slower than non-test-anxious students, and this group difference was not influenced by emphasis on speed or accuracy, or by the presence of an exam. © 1982, The Psychonomic Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.",,Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society,1982-01-01,Article,"Goolkasian, Paula",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0011466245,10.1016/0022-1031(82)90074-9,Vie professionnelle et vie personnelle aux états-Unis: que font les employeurs?,"A model is proposed to account for the effects of a target person's salience on judgments of that target. It is argued that salience leads to more extreme inferences in the direction implied by prior knowledge that is relevant to the judgment. This knowledge may include both specific information about the target being rated and general information about the class of stimuli to which the target belongs. Two experiments supported these hypotheses. When subjects were under time pressure to make judgments of a target person's influence in a social situation, their judgments increased with the salience of the target when they had prior knowledge that the target was generally high in social influence. However, their judgments decreased with the target's salience when subjects had prior knowledge that the target was generally low in social influence. When subjects were given ample time to make their judgments, however, the effects of target salience were attenuated. Possible implications of these findings for prior research on salience effects are discussed. © 1982.",,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1982-01-01,Article,"Strack, Fritz;Erber, Ralph;Wicklund, Robert A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0019577277,10.2466/pms.1981.52.3.787,Hoitotyön lähijohtajien työajanhallinnan kehittäminen,Several aspects of the inverted U-model regarding the relation between activation and performance were tested in an experiment in which activation was manipulated both by increasing metabolic demands and by varying psychological demands. Psychological stress influenced performance but the direct manipulation of activation by increasing physical stress had no effect on performance. From these results we conclude that it is very unlikely that activation is causally related to performance. A better explanation seems that a stressor influences both activation and performance and that the effect of a stressor is highly specific and depends on the kind of stressor and the kind of task.,,Perceptual and motor skills,1981-01-01,Article,"Lulofs, R.;Wennekens, R.;Van Houtem, J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002241390,10.1016/0030-5073(81)90042-8,Fluency experiences in knowledge-intensive individual work and collaboration,"Eighteen four-person groups were given a decision-making task to perform in one of three time-pressure conditions-3 min, 5 min, and 15 min (high, moderate, and low time-pressure, respectively). Observers recorded the number of times each group member communicated to other group members and to the group as a whole. As predicted, there were significant and strong effects of time-pressure on vertical structuring within the groups. Specifically, groups in the high time-pressure condition shared air-time less equally than did groups in the low time-pressure condition. Furthermore, group members in the high time-pressure condition reported more salient leadership than did group members in the low time-pressure condition. Finally, consistent with contingency theory, there was some evidence to indicate that unequal sharing of air-time was associated with low intermember attraction in the low time-pressure groups, but there was no such relationship for the high time-pressure groups. The decision-accuracy data showed some significant quadratic trends, but no effects of time-pressure on indices of efficiency. The vertical structuring findings were interpreted in terms of social expectations about how to behave under time-pressure, whereas the decision-accuracy findings were interpreted within a performance-arousal perspective. © 1981.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1981-01-01,Article,"Isenberg, Daniel J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898920113,10.1111/joms.12075,Thinking Before Acting'or 'Acting Before Thinking': Antecedents of Individual Action Propensity in Work Situations,"We introduce the concept of 'individual action propensity' to examine the approach of individuals towards solving situations for which they lack knowledge and/or experience about what to doWe focus on a naturally contrasting pair of responses: 'thinking before acting' or 'acting before thinking', and associate low action propensity with thinking one's way into understanding how to act, and high action propensity with acting one's way into understanding such situationsWe build on regulatory mode theory - with its dimensions of locomotion and assessment and the trade-off between speed and accuracy - to examine individual characteristics as predictors of individual action propensityWe find that individual action propensity is associated with being a woman, having fewer years of formal education, not relying on help-seeking behaviours, and having a positive attitude towards spontaneityOur findings shed light on why individuals take action, or not, and provide implications for research on organizational action propensity© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.",Action propensity | Individual differences | Locomotion and assessment,Journal of Management Studies,2014-01-01,Article,"Vera, Dusya;Crossan, Mary;Rerup, Claus;Werner, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84970277554,10.1177/002200278002400209,Temporality of work in Scrum project management,"This study provided empirical clarification of the effects of factors presumed in the negotiation literature, but not clearly demonstrated, to be central to the negotiation process. One hundred and forty subjects participated in a simulated labor-management negotiation to determine the effects of perceived ability and impartiality of a mediator and time pressure on negotiation. Results showed that negotiators utilizing a mediator perceived to be high in ability gained more money, were influenced to a greater extent, and perceived the mediator as more powerful and favorable than negotiators with a mediator perceived to be low in ability. Also, negotiators bargaining with a high perceived-ability mediator ended with more money, were more influenced, and indicated more satisfaction than controls. Finally, time pressure produced more contract settlements in the high time-pressure situation than in the low time-pressure situation. © 1980, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Conflict Resolution,1980-01-01,Article,"Brookmire, David A.;Sistrunk, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0011469950,10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.1933,The impact of cultural differences in temporal perception on global software development teams,"Tested the predictions of 3 models of coalition behavior. 120 graduate students played each of 4 games, rotating among the 5 player positions (including a veto player) between games. The games were played under 1 of 3 time pressure/default conditions: (a) no time pressure, (b) a condition such that the constant payoff to coalitions was lost if an agreement was not reached in 3 attempts, and (c) a condition such that the payoff for no agreement was fixed at 60 points for the veto player and 10 for the other players. The veto players' payoffs varied over games and tended to increase as play continued, at times approaching the entire payoff. Thus, the weighted probability (S. S. Komorita, 1974) and Roth-Shapley (A. E. Roth, 1977; L. S. Shapley, 1953) models were not supported; the core model received some support. The default conditions had little effect. The likelihood of socially beneficial behavior in competitively motivating situations is discussed. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1979 American Psychological Association.","time pressure/default condition of games with veto player, predictability of coalition behavior models, college students",Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1979-01-01,Article,"Murnighan, J. Keith;Szwajkowski, Eugene",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85027047846,10.13169/workorgalaboglob.10.2.0027,Knowledge work intensification and self-management: the autonomy paradox,"In the analysis of the sustainability of knowledge work environments, the intensification of work has emerged as probably the single most important contradiction. We argue that the process of knowledge work intensification is increasingly self-driven and influenced by subjectification processes in the context of trends of individualisation and self-management. We use a qualitative case study of a leading multinational company in the information and communications technology sector (considered to be 'best-in-class') to discuss this intensification and its linkage with self-disciplining mechanisms. The workers studied seem to enjoy a number of resources that current psychosocial risk models identify as health promoting (e.g. autonomy, learning, career development and other material and symbolic rewards). We discuss the validity of these models to assess the increasingly boundaryless and self-managed knowledge work contexts characterised by internalisation of demands and resources and paradoxical feelings of autonomy. Knowledge work intensification increases health and social vulnerabilities directly and through two-way interactions with, first, the autonomy paradox and new modes of subjection at the workplace; second, atomisation and lack of social support; third, permanent accountability and insecurity; and finally, newer difficulties in setting boundaries.",,"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation",2016-12-01,Article,"Pérez-Zapata, Oscar;Pascual, Amparo Serrano;Alvarez-Hernández, Gloria;Collado, Cecilia Castaño",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018711899,10.3758/BF03208305,Reconciling Perspectives: a substantive theory of how people manage the process of software development,"A quantitative theory of choice reaction time (CRT), developed in the context of accurate performance was successfully applied to a speeded experiment. With estimation of a single parameter, mean criterion level, the theory described the reaction time (RT) distributions for correct responses and errors and the details of the speed-accuracy tradeoff. The form of the tradeoff within experiments is not invariant with a shift of criterion when described by conditional error probabilities. However, a new tradeoff function which is invariant under this condition is presented. Descriptions of individual performance and of individual differences are also provided. Error rates are determined primarily by the amount of criterion variability and the ability to inhibit short-latency errors. Slower subjects with relatively high criterion levels tend to make the most errors. Previous presentations of the theory are extended by a more explicit analysis of the implications of the theory for the speed-accuracy tradeoff. © 1979 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1979-03-01,Article,"Grice, G. Robert;Spiker, V. Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928882491,10.1504/IJMC.2015.069129,Social capital or social interruption: the impact of smartphone use,"The study aims to explore the impact of smartphone use on Facebook users' daily lives, particularly in terms of the development and maintenance of one's social capital, the level of perceived social interruption and the relationships between the two. The sample consisted of 789 university students in Taiwan. Two types of social capital, namely bonding and bridging, are examined. The results indicated that smartphone users developed and maintained social capital more easily and at the same time were interrupted more than non-smartphone users. A positive relation between social interruption and social capital was found for Facebook users with or without smartphones. The more social interruptions one experienced, the more social capital one possessed, regardless of smartphone uses.",Facebook users | Smartphones | Social capital | Social interruption,International Journal of Mobile Communications,2015-01-01,Article,"Chang, Hui Jung",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017931964,10.1080/14640747808400648,"Enhancing Technology-Mediated Communication: Tools, Analyses, and Predictive Models",,,The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology,1978-02-01,Article,"Corbett, Albert T.;Wickelgren, Wayne A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5644226621,10.1016/0001-6918(78)90045-8,Dialogue,,,Acta Psychologica,1978-01-01,Article,"Kantowitz, Barry H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017615265,,An Investigation into User Text Query and Text Descriptor Construction,,,Zeitschrift fur die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete,1977-12-01,Article,"Klotzbuecher, E.;Roloff, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84952329357,10.1145/2695664.2695746,Design framework enhancing developer experience in collaborative coding environment,"Software development is teamwork, where the team members collaborate despite of their working environments ranging from shared office to working in separate sites around the globe. Regardless of location, the teams need support for their collaborative tasks. In this paper, we present results of utilizing collaborative online coding environment to create new, innovative cloudbased services. We collected data from 37 students in two separate coding exercises, each lasting several days. The results indicate that while some experienced coders saw no benefits of such system, in general participants reported both pragmatic benefits - increased efficiency of coordinating actions - and increased motivation due to perceived presence of team members. As our main contribution, we present a design framework for enhancing developer experience in collaborative environments.",CSCW | Developer experience | Sociability | User experience,Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing,2015-04-13,Conference Paper,"Palviainen, Jarmo;Kilamo, Terhi;Koskinen, Johannes;Lautamäki, Janne;Mikkonen, Tommi;Nieminen, Antti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0003007999,10.1016/0001-6918(77)90012-9,"When is an hour not sixty minutes? Deadlines, temporal schemas, and individual and task group performance","For a long time, it has been known that one can tradeoff accuracy for speed in (presumably) any task. The range over which one can obtain substantial speed-accuracy tradeoff varies from 150 msec in some very simple perceptual tasks to 1,000 msec in some recognition memory tasks and presumably even longer in more complex cognitive tasks. Obtaining an entire speed-accuracy tradeoff function provides much greater knowledge concerning information processing dynamics than is obtained by a reaction- time experiment, which yields the equivalent of a single point on this function. For this and other reasons, speed-accuracy tradeoff studies are often preferable to reaction-time studies of the dynamics of perceptual, memory, and cognitive processes. Methods of obtaining speed-accuracy tradeoff functions include: instructions, payoffs, deadlines, bands, response signals (with blocked and mixed designs), and partitioning of reaction time. A combination of the mixed-design signal method supplemented by partitioning of reaction times appears to be the optimal method. © 1977.",,Acta Psychologica,1977-01-01,Article,"Wickelgren, Wayne A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017361125,10.1016/0042-6989(77)90085-2,Suspending and reinstating collaborative activities,"This paper considers the applicability of two psychophysical theories, neural counting and neural timing, to visual detection experiments. Neural counting postulates that the number of events occurring on a set of hypothetical sensory channels within a fixed period of time is the relevant code to describe the detection of a stimulus. Alternatively, neural timing suggests that the amount of time before a fixed number of events occurs on each of the hypothetical channels is the relevant code. Formal models of these two ideas are constructed and quantitative predictions which distinguish the models are presented. It is further predicted that in two experimental conditions the counting theory will be confirmed, while in a third condition the counting theory will be rejected and the timing theory confirmed. Data are then reported from eight observers run in a yes-no, visual, speed-accuracy tradeoff experiment from the three experimental conditions for which predictions are made. The data generally confirm all predictons which supports the idea that both methods of detecting stimuli are available to subjects. © 1977.",,Vision Research,1977-01-01,Article,"Wandell, Brian A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017053706,10.3758/BF03213236,"Relationships among Perceived Working Hours, General Stress, Work Centrality, Job Control, Job Demands, and Work Condition Constraints","In the double-stimulation paradigm subjects respond to two successive stimuli. Previous research (Knight & Kantowitz, 1974) showed that a subject's speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) strategy interacted with the interval between the two stimuli to determine response performance to the first stimulus. The present experiment examined the influence of SAT strategy on response performance to the second stimulus. Interest focused on effects of SAT strategy upon the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect. If a single mechanism underlies beth first-and second-response performance (e.g., the PRP effect) in double stimulation, effects of SAT upon the second response should be similar to effects upon the first response. Results showed that the PRP effect appeared only when second-response accuracy was stressed. Under speed emphasis double-stimulation second-response latency never exceeded a single-stimulation baseline. This was analogous to first-response latency effects found by Knight and Kantowitz (1974). Response grouping was strongly influenced by SAT strategy and two response-grouping mechanisms were distinguished. Implications of these and interresponse time data for models of double-stimulation performance are discussed. © 1976 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Memory & Cognition,1976-11-01,Article,"Knight, James L.;Kantowitz, Barry H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017232384,10.3758/BF03199391,Technology and Life in the Fast Lane,"The inconsistency of previous results concerning the effects of alcohol on reaction time (RT) may be related to possible tradeoffs between speed and accuracy. In the present experiment, complete speed-accuracy tradeoff functions were generated for each of five doses of alcohol (0-1.33 ml/kg) in a choice RT task. Such functions permit RT differences resulting from changes in performance efficiency to be distinguished from those due to changes in subjects' speed accuracy criteria. Increasing doses of alcohol produced a progressive decrease in the slope parameter of linear equations fit to the speed-accuracy data, but did not significantly alter the intercept of the functions with the RT axis. Thus, alcohol reduced performance efficiency by decreasing the rate of growth of accuracy per unit time. A change in speed-accuracy criterion was combined with the decrease in efficiency at the highest alcohol dose. © 1976 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Perception & Psychophysics,1976-01-01,Article,"Jennings, J. Richard;Wood, Charles C.;Lawrence, Betsy E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015728669,10.1177/0961463X15609806,Time for innovation: Concurrent and conflicting metaphors of time in a knowledge MNC,"The paper studies two temporal metaphors, modern and poetic, encountered in a knowledge-based organization where they co-exist and conflict. It argues that the two metaphors are wedded to different discourses, i.e. to the macro-business and the micro-scientific discourse, respectively; hence, knowledge activities such as thinking and writing are increasingly rendered incomprehensible in commercialized research environments, and pushed at the margin of knowledge-work, since they prove difficult to measure and control. Practically, this implies a re-articulation of what innovation is and how to organize knowledge work. The paper explores the shortcomings linear metaphors of time bear when used to support radical innovation, and concludes by discussing the potentials of spiral time to structure work in knowledge organizations.",innovation management | knowledge work | Knowledge-based organization | organizational time | temporal metaphors,Time and Society,2017-03-01,Article,"Asimakou, Theodora",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0016800189,,Linking Time Use to Implementation of Spatial Plans: What Explains the Dysfunctional Urban Landscapes in Zimbabwe?,"When symptoms of stress appear to multiply, the view (shared by medical practitioners, psychologists and social therapists alike) that a system challenged by stress develops responses which will restore and preserve its equilibrium is of special interest. In order to establish and test this theory in detail, a series of experiments to investigate the behavior of decision makers, drawn from university students and business managers, was conducted by way of a sophisticated management game, with the first and last 3 periods of each series (game) subject to a strict time limit but with no restrictions imposed on the 4 intervening ones. With the aid of these experiments, the problem solving behavior of those who participated was analyzed in terms of performance, information and coordination (team work). Under time pressure activity is significantly curtailed, i.e. frills are cut out. Communication is equally limited to the bare minimum demanded by social and intellectual decency. The level of performance shows that some performance categories are more stress sensitive than others, the worst to suffer being time keeping, passage of information and critical reappraisal of the strategy being pursued. Time pressure and information behavior: the volume of information, i.e. the flow of supporting data for a given policy or strategy, is drastically reduced. Requests for additional data remain reasonably precise all the same. Another aspect of information quality, depth and range of the data provided, is equally unaffected. Team work behavior under time pressure: persistence in pursuing a given objective is not affected, i.e. is stress insensitive. Planning to ensure an efficient division of labor is severely whittled down. So is the concerted action taken to prevent the problem solving process from overrunning its time limit. The experiment's principal findings concerning behavior under stress may be summarized. Stress is by no means bound to be harmful. There are various techniques, or modes of behavior, to overcome it. The extent to which it is overcome varies, however, according to the countermeasures taken. In the final analysis, this is a function of the value, in terms of economic benefits, attached to the decision to be arrived at.",,Management International Review,1975-01-01,Article,"Bronner, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001026839,10.1037/h0037186,Self-care and second shift burden in the context of socially-constructed mothering,"Investigated dominant simplifying strategies people use in adapting to different information processing environments. It was hypothesized that judges operating under either time pressure or distraction would systematically place greater weight on negative evidence than would their counterparts under less strainful conditions. 6 groups of male undergraduates (N = 210) were presented 5 pieces of information to assimilate in evaluating cars as purchase options. 3 groups operated under varying time pressure conditions, while 3 groups operated under varying levels of distraction. Data usage models assuming disproportionately heavy weighting of negative evidence provided best fits to a signficantly higher number of Ss in the high time pressure and moderate distraction conditions. Ss attended to fewer data dimensions in these conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1974 American Psychological Association.","time pressure & distraction, weighting of positive vs negative information in decision making, male college students",Journal of Applied Psychology,1974-10-01,Article,"Wright, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930584470,10.1177/0038038514542121,Temporal flexibility and its limits: The personal use of ICTs at work,"Employee temporal flexibility is a common strategy aimed at assisting workers to reduce conflict between work and family life. Information and communication technologies can facilitate this by enabling employees to attend to various personal life matters during the workday. Critical to utilising such flexibility is a degree of autonomy over how work time can be used. However, in organisational settings, such autonomy is tempered by structural and normative constraints. This article examines how environments of constrained autonomy affect employees’ ability to use time flexibly. Case study data of engineers and managers working in the telecommunications industry is presented. This reveals two findings. Firstly, environments of constrained autonomy limit when during the workday employees can engage in personal mediated communications. Secondly, when personal time is inserted into such contexts, the quantitative and qualitative character of this time is affected.",flexibility | ICTs | time | work-personal life relationship,Sociology,2015-06-09,Article,"Rose, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0016162571,10.3758/BF03196915,Cross-Boundary Coordination Practices In Global Engineering Firms,"A single-stimulation and two double-stimulation response conditions were compared using explicit payoff matrices to vary speed-accuracy tradeoff. Under accuracy payoff, response latency (RT 1) to the first stimulus increased as ISI dropped but accuracy remained high and relatively constant. Under speed payoff, RT 1 was only slightly affected by ISI but accuracy dropped as ISI decreased. Transmitted information rates consistently reflected detrimental effects of short ISI. In double stimulation, but not in single stimulation, error response latency exceeded correct response latency. Furthermore, error response latencies were found to be far more variable and more sensitive to changes in speed-accuracy condition than were correct response latencies. Finally, under both speed and accuracy conditions, response latency to the first of two successive stimuli was faster if a response was also required to the second stimulus. Implications of the data for possible models of double-stimulation speed-accuracy tradeoff are considered. © 1974 Psychonomic Society, Inc.",,Memory & Cognition,1974-05-01,Article,"Knight, James L.;Kantowitz, Barry H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0016121260,10.1016/0001-6918(74)90042-0,The use of the Time Diary method to explore academic time management: Insights from an Australian university,"Two neural models for response latency in auditory signal detection are considered: the Timing model of Luce and Green (1972) and a modified counting model based on that of McGill (1967). The modified counting model is described in some detail. The experimental situation to which the models are applied is one where a deadline in response time is enforced on signal trials only or on noise trials only, the condition of deadlines on both cases having previously been studied by Green and Luce (1973). The results for mean latencies of the various categories of response, together with response probabilities, favour either the counting model or a dual process model. Data for ROC curves indicate either the operation of a dual process model or that the 'interval of uncertainty' of the counting model may vary with bias position. Some consideration is also given to the possibility of differential residual response time components and it is concluded that such components may be important in the deadline situation. © 1974.",,Acta Psychologica,1974-01-01,Article,"Pike, Ray;McFarland, Ken;Dalgleish, Len",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973915625,10.1016/j.lrp.2016.04.001,Speedy Delivery Versus Long-term Objectives: How Time Pressure Affects Coordination Between Temporary Projects and Permanent Organizations,"In this study, we analyze how time pressure affects coordination between temporary projects and permanent organizations involved in public infrastructure projects. Prior research has shown that time pressure can yield both benefits and challenges to the realization of projects. Unraveling the challenges, we identify three interrelating factors that constrain coordination: the political context of public projects, time pressure within temporary projects, and the nature of transactive memory within permanent organizations. Our study offers a more comprehensive conceptualization of project coordination by including temporary project teams, permanent organizations, and the political context in the analysis. In doing so, we strengthen understanding of pacing by revealing how political pressure and political priorities increase the work pace of temporary projects, thereby constraining the coordination between fast-paced projects and slower-paced, permanent organizations. Finally, our study contributes to literature on strategic knowledge coordination by explaining how the differentiated nature of transactive memory across organizational settings inhibits timely coordination.",,Long Range Planning,2016-12-01,Article,"van Berkel, Freek J.F.W.;Ferguson, Julie E.;Groenewegen, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84883072934,10.1037/h0033497,Balancing the Budget: Aspects of Economics in Engineering Education,"Ultimately, education reform probably has to be judged in economic terms in order for significant financial resources to be applied. Yet there seems to have been relatively little discussion of economic factors in engineering education research. This paper outlines an approach for discussing the economic factors in engineering education that might provide valuable insights for researchers. While cost factors are reasonably easy to identify and some can be quantified, the benefits of education are much harder to define, let alone measure. Research studies provide evidence that there is little relationship between academic and on-the-job performance by engineers, and, as yet, there are no well accepted measures of education and learning quality. This paper argues that the investment in training, professional development, and productivity opportunity costs made by an enterprise in the early years of an engineer's career could provide a proxy measure for the effectiveness of engineering education.",,"Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2011, REES 2011",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Trevelyan, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039505195,10.3758/BF03328752,The Task and Temporal Microstructure of Productivity: Evidence from Japanese Financial Services,"A statistically significant interaction between visual noise level and accuracy level was obtained for reaction time data in the Sternberg choice reaction task. This suggests that the speed/accuracy tradeoff is localized in the initial stimulus encoding stage of processing, specifically in a stimulus sampling operation. A slower stimulus sampling rate was found under visual noise than was found with a noise-free display. © 1972, The Psychonomic Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.",,Psychonomic Science,1972-01-01,Article,"Briggs, George E.;Shinar, David",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930812714,10.1007/s10551-014-2524-x,Are They Efficient in the Middle? Using Propensity Score Estimation for Modeling Middlemen in Indian Corporate Corruption,"Corrupt regulatory environment encourages firms to deploy middlemen for speedy and assured acquisition of different services from regulatory agencies. Using a World Bank dataset of 2210 Indian manufacturing firms, this article examines how firms with middlemen deal with corrupt governmental agencies for its operational efficiency. Our results demonstrate that deployment of middlemen by the firms is often accompanied by a substantial increase in operational delay, relatively trigger more consumption of senior management’s time on regulatory disentanglement, enhance the likelihood/tendency to pay bribe, and likely to face more court cases as a means of restitution of legal rights. As firm-specific attributes may contaminate our preliminary results, we utilized the propensity score framework to examine relationships among variables of interests. Our study contributes to the inconspicuous part of the corruption literature by attempting to present a comprehensive but indirect assessment of the functions of middlemen that predominantly remained unattended except some scattered descriptive, case-based anecdotal presentations.",Corporate governance | Indian manufacturing | Middlemen corruption | Propensity score estimation | Regulatory constraints,Journal of Business Ethics,2017-03-01,Article,"Biswas, Malay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001795731,10.1016/0030-5073(72)90045-1,University Choice and Students' Migration: An Application of the Heckman Model,"Time pressure experienced by scientists and engineers predicted positively to several aspects of performance including usefulness, innovation, and productivity. Higher time pressure was associated with above average performance during the following five years, even when supervisory status, education, and seniority were controlled. Performance, however, did not predict well to subsequent reports of time pressure, suggesting a possible causal relationship from pressure to performance. High performing scientists also desired more pressure. Innovation and productivity (but not usefulness) were low if the pressure experienced was markedly above that desired. The five-year panel data derived from approximately. 100 scientists in a NASA laboratory. Some theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. © 1972.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1972-01-01,Article,"Andrews, Frank M.;Farris, George F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000224099,10.1016/0022-2496(71)90011-3,Conducting field studies in software engineering: an experience report,"In choice reaction time tasks, response latency varies as the subject changes his bias for speed vs accuracy; this is the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Ollman's Fast Guess model provides a mechanism for this tradeoff by allowing the subject to vary his probability of making a guess response rather than a stimulus controlled response (SCR). It is shown that the mean latency of SCR's (μs) in two-choice experiments can be estimated from a single session, regardless of how the subject adjusts his guessing probability. Three experiments are reported in which μs apparently remained virtually constant despite tradeoffs in which accuracy varied from chance to near-perfect. From the standpoint of the Fast Guess model, this result is interpreted to mean that the tradeoff here was produced almost entirely by mixing different proportions of fast guesses and constant (mean) latency SCR's. The final sections of the paper discuss the question of what other models might be compatible with μs invariance. © 1971.",,Journal of Mathematical Psychology,1971-01-01,Article,"Yellott, John I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84956754478,10.4018/978-1-4666-4916-3.ch012,Considering Chronos and Kairos in Digital Media Rhetorics,"Any account of the rhetoric of digital spaces should begin not with the provocation that rhetoric is impoverished and requires fresh import to account for new media technologies, but instead with a careful analysis of what is different about how digital technologies afford or constrain certain utterances, interactions, and actions. Only then might one begin to articulate prospects of a digital rhetoric. This chapter examines the importance of time to an understanding the rhetoric of digital spaces. It suggests that rhetorical notions of kairos and chronos provide an important reminder that it is the rhetorical situation, along with rhetorical actors at individual to institutional levels, that construct the discursive spaces within which people participate, even in digitally-mediated environments.",,Digital Rhetoric and Global Literacies: Communication Modes and Digital Practices in the Networked World,2015-09-21,Book Chapter,"Kelly, Ashley Rose;Autry, Meagan Kittle;Mehlenbacher, Brad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869133979,10.1145/1056808.1056837,Evaluating technology for coordinating communication,"The goal of this work is two-fold: (1) propose a model of communication initiation and response, and (2) evaluate the utility of a set of technology interventions based on that model for coordinating communication. The contribution to the field of HCI will be useful recommendations for the design of electronic communication systems.",Awareness | Coordination | Human attention | Interruption,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Dabbish, Laura A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976382083,10.1177/0961463X15572175,Open-ended tasks and time discipline,"This paper uses data from the healthcare sector to explore how clock time organization influences therapeutic performance. The case of a pediatric physiotherapist offers an important opportunity to examine how clock time, mediated by a variety of organizational and social systems, imposes limitations to the individual activity, in terms of learning, experimenting, and innovating. Social, cultural, institutional, and organizational layers have developed around this universal time reference. They impose an in-depth and taken for granted time discipline on organizational actors. The job of the physiotherapist conflicts with this clock time discipline when she has to respond to the evolving needs of her patients. Based on her expertise, the therapist decides on the necessary care, including duration and frequency of treatment. The measured time allocation imposed by the healthcare system and the time-based reward system generate pressure on, and interfere with, the unfolding activity. The study illustrates how the therapist escapes these multiple constraints and how this enables her to focus on the therapeutic acts. Taking the therapeutic process as temporal reference reveals the impact of clock time discipline on the unfolding therapeutic activity. I conclude that open-ended activities are inhibited and distorted by this socially constructed time not only because they cannot unfold but also because the temporal framing prevents deliberation and initiative.",Clock time | exploration | learning | open-ended task | task centered | time centered | time discipline,Time and Society,2016-07-01,Article,"van Wijk, Gilles",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0014074714,10.1037/h0024441,An exploration of female leadership language: case studies of senior women in Bahrain,"4 ASSOCIATIONS TO EACH OF 16 STIMULUS WORDS, 8 JUDGED TO BE ANXIETY WORDS AND 8 NEUTRAL WORDS, WERE OBTAINED UNDER RELAXED AND TIME-PRESSURE CONDITIONS FROM EACH OF 40 SCHIZOPHRENICS, 32 NEUROTICS, AND 27 NORMALS ON 2 SUCCESSIVE DAYS. SCHIZOPHRENICS AND NEUROTICS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS STABLE THAN NORMALS IN THEIR ASSOCIATIONS, AND SCHIZOPHRENICS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS STABLE THAN NEUROTICS IN THEIR RESPONSES TO ANXIETY WORDS. TIME PRESSURE MADE SCHIZOPHRENICS EVEN LESS STABLE AND NEUROTICS MORE STABLE. THE ASSOCIATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENICS WERE MORE UNCOMMON THAN THOSE OF NEUROTICS OR NORMALS. ALL GROUPS GAVE MORE UNCOMMON RESPONSES WHEN RESPONDING TO ANXIETY WORDS AS COMPARED TO CONTROL WORDS. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT A PARTIAL DISORGANIZATION OF VERBAL HABITS IS AN ASPECT OF SCHIZOPHRENIC THOUGHT DISTURBANCE, AND THE RESULTS ARE CONSISTENT WITH A RESPONSE-STRENGTH CEILING INTERPRETATION OF THIS DISORGANIZATION. (19 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1967 American Psychological Association.","STABILITY & COMMONALITY, ANXIETY VS NEUTRAL WORDS, TIME PRESSURE, SCHIZOPHRENIC & NORMALS & NEUROTICS",Journal of Consulting Psychology,1967-04-01,Article,"Storms, Lowell H.;Broen, William E.;LEVIN, IRWIN P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0014015891,,Working in Tandem: A Longitudinal Study of the Interplay of Working Practices and Social Enterprise Platforms in the Multinational Workplace,,,American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,1966-03-15,Article,"Hodgkinson, C. P.;Hodari, A. A.;Wong, S. T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84964193451,10.1177/107769906604300301,"Work and Life in the Balance: Ways of Working and Living Among Elite French, Norwegian, and American Professionals","Observation of a reporter working under the pressures of a Supreme Court decision day yields a minute-by-minute diary and suggestions as to how a newsman evaluates and writes stories under a deadline. © 1966, Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication. All rights reserved.",,Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,1966-01-01,Article,"Grey, David L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040376455,10.1037/h0047898,Unsolicited Commercial Email: An Attention Resource Perspective,"Pathological personality item responses have been shown to relate to the social desirability scale values of test items. It was hypothesized that both social desirability and pathological item-response frequency might vary as a function of the time permitted to answer test items. Two groups of Ss were administered the items of the Maslow, Birch, Honigman, McGrath, Plason, and Stein Security-Insecurity Inventory. Social desirability scale values for the items were established. Maximal reading time required for each item was also determined, and both groups were permitted to view each item for the same established length of time. 1 group was allowed 2 sec., the other group 10 sec. for each response. It was observed that time pressure reduced the number of pathological item responses, and that items scaled either high or low in social desirability tended to be answered in the socially desirable direction under time pressure. Females generally provided more critical or pathological item responses than did males. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1964 American Psychological Association.","ITEM SIGNIFICANCE | PERSONALITY MEASUREMENT | SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, TIME PRESSURE EFFECTS ON, &",Journal of Consulting Psychology,1964-10-01,Article,"Sutherland, Beverly V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002773360,10.1037/h0039877,Time Factors in Policy Performance: The Korean Government's Economic Crisis Management in 2008,"Using 72 college students as Ss, team productivity was studied under a contract with the Office of Naval Research. 24 3-man teams performed assembly tasks under 2 levels of difficulty and 3 levels of time pressure. The task should be complex enough to reduce boredom but not exceed a moderate acceleration of time pressure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1960 American Psychological Association.","GROUP, PRODUCTIVITY, TASK COMPLEXITY & | GROUP, PRODUCTIVITY, TIME PRESSURE & | INDUSTRY | STRESS, GROUP PRODUCTIVITY & | TASK, COMPLEXITY, GROUP PRODUCTIVITY & | TIME, PRESSURE, GROUP PRODUCTIVITY &",Journal of Applied Psychology,1960-02-01,Article,"Pepinsky, Pauline N.;Pepinsky, Harold B.;Pavlik, William B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149454662,10.1037/h0041429,"Telework: the experiences of teleworkers, their non-teleworking colleagues and their line managers at the Conseil General du Finistere","""It was hypothesized that the conceptual performance of normal Ss working under time pressure would deteriorate as a result of an increase in associative intrusions, and would thus more nearly resemble the performance of schizophrenics. Twenty-eight Ss were given a conceptual card sorting task in which for each sorting choice there were three alternatives, one of which was the correct conceptual response, one an associative distracter, and one which was neither, called . . . the irrelevant response . . .. increasing the speed of response produced an increase in an schizophrenic-like kind of error."" (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1960 American Psychological Association.","PERFORMANCE, STRESS & | PERSONALITY | STRESS, CONCEPTUAL PERFORMANCE &",Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,1960-01-01,Article,"Usdansky, George;Chapman, Loren J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149443201,10.1037/h0045863,From Individual Rationality to Socially Embedded Self‐Regulation,"3 experiments were conducted to test certain general hypotheses derived from a microgenetic approach to word association. Association responses given under time pressure were compared with those given without time pressure in groups of college students. Word associations of schizophrenics and a group of hospital aides were similarly compared without time pressure. The results in part supported the hypothesis that word associations of the college students performing under time pressure would differ from those of the Ss without time pressure in the same way that responses of the schizophrenics would differ from those of the aides. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1958 American Psychological Association.","ASSOCIATION, WORD, TIME PRESSURE EFFECT IN | COLLEGE STUDENT, WORD ASSOCIATION OF | DIAGNOSIS & | EVALUATION | SCHIZOPHRENIA, WORD ASSOCIATION IN | STRESS, TIME, PRESSURE AS, WORD ASSOCIATION WITH",Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,1958-07-01,Article,"Flavell, John H.;Draguns, Juris;Feinberg, Leonard D.;Budin, William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951867219,10.1109/ICSE.2015.335,What Makes a Great Software Engineer,"Good software engineers are essential to the creation of good software. However, most of what we know about softwareengineering expertise are vague stereotypes, such as 'excellent communicators' and 'great teammates'. The lack of specificity in our understanding hinders researchers from reasoning about them, employers from identifying them, and young engineers from becoming them. Our understanding also lacks breadth: what are all the distinguishing attributes of great engineers (technical expertise and beyond)? We took a first step in addressing these gaps by interviewing 59 experienced engineers across 13 divisions at Microsoft, uncovering 53 attributes of great engineers. We explain the attributes and examine how the most salient of these impact projects and teams. We discuss implications of this knowledge on research and the hiring and training of engineers.",Expertise | Software engineers | Teamwork,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2015-08-12,Conference Paper,"Li, Paul Luo;Ko, Andrew J.;Zhu, Jiamin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85072490548,10.4271/430159,"Collaboration, interruptions and setup times: Model and empirical study of hospitalist workload","PRESENT-DAY efforts to produce wood aircraft in large quantities have uncovered many new problems, for wood has certain peculiarities that must be taken into consideration by the engineer, if he is to design structures that make full use of the benefits to be derived from wood. Attempts to take advantage of the high tensile strength of wood will lead to failures in shear, because loads theoretically in tension practically always have shear components that are great enough to overcome the low shear strength of wood. Moisture content also has a great effect on the strength of wood; and the moisture equilibrium of a piece of wood will vary with the relative humidity and temperature to which it is exposed. Mr. Peterson discusses some of the problems confronting the wood aircraft manufacturer under three headings: fabrication, static testing, and detail design. The fabrication of wood structures revolves around the production of strong glue joints. Sufficient glue spread on surfaces that have been carefully smoothed, and a correct balance between temperature, pressure, and glue consistency at the time pressure is applied are the basic requirements. The problem of ""reducing"" static-test data for wood structures is very difficult and cannot be associated with the more-or-less standard correction procedures that have been established for metal structures. Certain factors that affect the strength of wood tend to affect one another, and corrections to static-test data for complete wood structures are unnecessary, provided some control is maintained over the specific gravity of the material in the test article. Lack of knowledge of plywood strength and elastic properties, and poor detail design practices are responsible for the somewhat poor reputation that wood aircraft structures have acquired recently. Both of these items will be overcome as a background of design information and experience is obtained similar to that already available for metal structures.",,SAE Technical Papers,1943-01-01,Conference Paper,"Peterson, Ivar C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Inequality in work time: Gender and class stratify hours and schedules, flexibility, and unpredictability in jobs and families","The competitive market realities in industrial environments demand timely completion of construction projects making time conservation a major concern for both owners and contractors. And the unpredictability of a construction project often leads to disputes followed by litigations between owners and contractors. Schedule compression is a common practice to achieve this timely completion of projects, however, can have detrimental consequences in terms of labor productivity and subsequent cost increase. Loss of productivity, however, is difficult to quantify especially when stemming from compressed schedule. Numerous researchers and trade associations have developed productivity factors to quantify the impact of schedule compression on labor productivity, but there has not been a method to quantitatively determine whether the project was impacted by schedule compression or not. This paper introduces a logistic regression impact model by analyzing the quantitative definition of schedule compression. The model will enable the user to determine if the schedule compression resulted in productivity loss or not. Based on the analysis of eight different factors, the logistic model will allow contractors and owners to determine the probability of a project being impacted by schedule compression.",construction project management | labor productivity | logistic regression | model developing | schedule compression,KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2019-04-01,Article,"Chang, Chul Ki;Hanna, Awad S.;Woo, Sungkwon;Cho, Chung Suk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85030620021,10.1057/9781137006004,Organizational subcultures and family supportive culture in a Spanish organization,,,Expanding the Boundaries of Work-Family Research: A Vision for the Future,2013-01-01,Book Chapter,"Stepanova, Olena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85050925747,10.7782/JKSR.2018.21.3.316,"Faculty, technology, and the community college: Faculty culture and cyber culture","This paper presents a mathematical method of compressing a train schedule to assess capacity of railway track. This model makes it possible to consider the effects of various stop-patterns (e.g., stop-stop, pass-pass, stop-pass, pass-stop) as well as effects of siding facility in a targeted station on the capacity of the track. The model presents results of experimental assessment for domestic HSR lines. This paper is motivated by the problem of the precondition that a specific train schedule must be given in previous assessments using the UIC 406 method [1]. The focus of the problem is that the specific train schedule cannot represent all possible train schedules operable on the targeting track; it can perform just a single case of utilization of the track. The representative nature of this problem was discussed in detail in [2]. The originality of the model lies in resolving the representative nature of the problem. Based on experimental assessment, the model is expected to be an alternative of high potential.",Line capacity | Schedule compression | UIC 406,Journal of the Korean Society for Railway,2018-04-01,Article,"Oh, Suk Mun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85042745554,10.3390/su10030701,Dynamics in organizational problem solving and the leveraging of social capital: An agent-based modeling (ABM) perspective,"United States State Highway Agencies (SHAs) use Incentive/Disincentives (I/D) to minimize negative impacts of construction on the traveling public through construction acceleration. Current I/D practices have the following short-comings: not standardized, over- or under-compensate contractors, lack of auditability result in disincentives that leave SHAs vulnerable to contractor claims and litigation and are based on agency costs/savings rather than contractor acceleration. Presented within this paper is an eleven-step I/D valuation process. The processes incorporate a US-nationwide RUC and agency cost calculation program, CA4PRS and a time-cost tradeoff I/D process. The incentive calculation used is the summation of the contractor acceleration and a reasonable contractor bonus (based on shared agency savings) with an optional reduction of contractor's own saving from schedule compression (acceleration). The process has a capability to be used both within the US and internationally with minor modifications, relies on historical costs, is simple and is auditable and repeatable. As such, it is a practical tool for optimizing I/D amounts and bridges the gap in existing literature both by its industry applicability, integrating the solution into existing SHA practices and its foundation of contractor acceleration costs.",Agency cost | CA4PRS | Highway rehabilitation and reconstruction | Incentives and disincentives | Optimizing model | Road user cost | Schedule analysis | Time-cost tradeoff,Sustainability (Switzerland),2018-03-05,Article,"Lee, Eul Bum;Alleman, Douglas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85045187329,10.1145/3162018,Industry Requirements for the New Engineer,"Modulo-scheduled course-grain reconfigurable array (CGRA) processors excel at exploiting loop-level parallelism at a high performance per watt ratio. The frequent reconfiguration of the array, however, causes between 25% and 45% of the consumed chip energy to be spent on the instruction memory and fetches therefrom. This article presents a hardware/software codesign methodology for such architectures that is able to reduce both the size required to store the modulo-scheduled loops and the energy consumed by the instruction decode logic. The hardware modifications improve the spatial organization of a CGRA’s execution plan by reorganizing the configuration memory into separate partitions based on a statistical analysis of code. A compiler technique optimizes the generated code in the temporal dimension by minimizing the number of signal changes. The optimizations achieve, on average, a reduction in code size of more than 63% and in energy consumed by the instruction decode logic by 70% for a wide variety of application domains. Decompression of the compressed loops can be performed in hardware with no additional latency, rendering the presented method ideal for low-power CGRAs running at high frequencies. The presented technique is orthogonal to dictionary-based compression schemes and can be combined to achieve a further reduction in code size.",Coarse-grain reconfigurable array | Code compression | Energy reduction,ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization,2018-03-01,Article,"Lee, Hochan;Moghaddam, Mansureh S.;Suh, Dongkwan;Egger, Bernhard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951715646,10.1504/IJHRDM.2004.004492,Collective and proactive coping with time pressure at work: a case study among home-care workers,"Time pressure is often experienced as an individual problem requiring individual coping strategies. Our research studies time pressure as a historically constructed phenomenon and as a collective developmental challenge of controlling time. Our empirical case concerns the work of home-care workers on sauna-visiting day in an old people’s home. The workers felt this work to be very busy and stressful. A historical analysis of the sauna-visiting day and an empirical analysis showed the contradictions in this activity. By developing their work collectively with the taxi driver who provides transportation for the sauna clients, the home-care workers succeeded in coping proactively with the time pressure on sauna-visiting day. © 2004 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",activity system | activity theory and developmental work research | contradictions | craft work | home-care workers | mass production | process enhancement | time pressure,International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management,2004-01-01,Article,"Niemelä, Anna Liisa;Launis, Kirsti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Understanding technology-mediated interruptions across work and personal life,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029819270,10.1016/j.autcon.2017.09.006,Causes and Effects of Schedule Pressure in New Product Development Multi-project Environments: An Empirical and System Dynamics Study of Product,"Fast-tracking a project involves carrying out sequential activities in parallel, partially overriding their original order of precedence, to reduce the overall project duration. The current predominant mathematical models of fast-tracking are based on the concepts of activity sensitivity, evolution, dependency and, sometimes, information exchange uncertainty, and aim to determine optimum activity overlaps. However, these models require some subjective inputs from the scheduler and most of them neglect the merge event bias. In this paper, a stochastic model for schedule fast-tracking is proposed. Relevant findings highlight the existence of a pseudo-physical barrier that suggests that the possibility of shortening a schedule by more than a quarter of its original duration is highly unlikely. The explicit non-linear relationship between cost and overlap has also been quantified for the first time. Finally, manual calculations using the new model are compared with results from a Genetic Algorithm through a case study.",Activity crashing | Activity overlap | Concurrent engineering | Fast-tracking | Schedule compression | Scheduling,Automation in Construction,2017-12-01,Article,"Ballesteros-Pérez, Pablo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85006293474,10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01703,Unhappiness intensifies the avoidance of frequent losses while happiness overcomes it,"The implication of spontaneous and induced unhappiness to people's decision style is examined. It is postulated that unhappy individuals have a greater tendency to avoid frequent losses because these can have depleting effects, and unhappy individuals are more sensitive to such effects. This is evaluated in Study 1 by using an annoying customer call manipulation to induce negative affect; and by examining the effect of this manipulation on choices in an experiential decision task (the Iowa Gambling task). In Study 2 we examined the association between self-reported (un)happiness and choices on the same decision task. In Study 1 the induction of negative affect led to avoidance of choice alternatives with frequent losses, compared to those yielding rarer but larger losses. Specifically, this pertained to the advantageous alternatives with frequent vs. non-frequent losses. In Study 2 unhappiness was similarly associated with less exposure to frequent losses; while extreme high happiness was associated with no tendency to avoid frequent losses when these were part of an advantageous alternative. The findings clarify the role of happiness in decision making processes by indicating that unhappiness induces sensitivity to the frequency rather than to the total effect of negative events.",Decisions from experience | Emotions | Happiness | Individual differences | Rare events,Frontiers in Psychology,2016-11-02,Article,"Yechiam, Eldad;Telpaz, Ariel;Krupenia, Stas;Rafaeli, Anat",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992170375,10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000587,Formalization and innovation: an ethnographic study of process formalization,"Planning and scheduling are challenging processes, particularly for projects with continuously evolving requirements and constraints such as design-build and turnkey projects. In the literature, schedule optimization models can only handle predefined activities and fixed constraints. To better support dynamic projects, this paper proposes a flexible constraint programming (CP) framework that optimizes schedules both at the early planning stage and immediately before construction. At the early planning stage, the model selects among alternative network paths and construction methods to determine the most suitable work packages for the project. Later as more constraints become refined, the optimization model helps to meet the persistent milestones, deadlines, and resource limits, using a variety of activity-crashing strategies without changing the committed construction methods. Experimenting with a case study proved the flexibility of the model, its unique support for planning, and its ability to consider evolving project constraints. The proposed model contributes to developing automated decision support systems for cost effectively meeting the evolving schedule constraints.",Acceleration | Constraint programming | Construction | Crashing | Optimization | Overlapping | Schedule compression,Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2016-11-01,Article,"Abuwarda, Zinab;Hegazy, Tarek",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68349119186,10.1016/j.scaman.2009.04.002,"Institution, prerogative, and predicament: On reading in the age of “faddishness”",,,Scandinavian Journal of Management,2009-01-01,Note,"Styhre, Alexander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945725782,10.1504/IJBHR.2012.051392,Organisational role stress and the function of selected organisational practices in reducing it: empirical evidence from the banking service front line in India,"The present study examines the varying impacts of health, environmental, and organisational factors on organisational role stress. It uses survey data from 483 respondents representing the private and public banking sectors in Goa, India. Analysis shows that environmental factors, health practices, and demographics such as age, salary, and length of service are strong predictors of reduction in organisational role stress. Also, married couples experience less stress and females are subject to higher stress than males. The study adds to the evidence that environmental, health, and demographics at workplace are potential explanatory variables in finding lasting cures for workplace stress. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",banking | culture | demographics | environmental factors | health practices | India,International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research,2012-01-01,Article,"Fernandes, Christo F.V.;Mekoth, Nandakumar;Kumar, Satish;George, Babu P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85014064071,,Engineering Communication Patterns,"Despite how frequent it is to have to fast-track and/or crash a project, not much has been published in general relative to these activities. In relative terms, the literature available on these topics is not commensurate with their actual presence in project management. The majority of the papers written on shortening project schedules have been in the construction sector, although a number of their findings and recommendations can easily be extrapolated to other domains. This paper addresses in a comprehensive way the need for compressing or shortening project schedule. Many different reasons originating at either customer or contractor are identified, a number of which usually go undetected. The many strategies that can be followed to fast-track or crash a project are reviewed, relying in part on the classification of the project in the novelty-pace-technology-pace framework. All stages are illustrated with real industry cases. The comprehensive analysis of project schedule compression, the cases presented and the drawn conclusions and recommendations are valuable inputs to all project managers, many of which will face the need to accelerate the speed at which they execute their projects.",Crashing | Fast-tracking | Management | Project | Risks | Schedule compression | Strategies,"2016 International Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Management, ASEM 2016",2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sols, Alberto",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930837775,,2 Time management,"Schedule compression is commonly needed in construction management. Currently, a wide range of methods for schedule compression have been developed in the literature. Almost all these methods consider only cost in the process of determining optimal sequence for activities. But in fact, other factors beyond cost in schedule compression, such as resource availability, risk, and complexity, should have been attributed to the limited use of existing methods. This paper presents a new method for schedule compression of construction projects using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This method adopts a multi-objective decision environment in which activities are queued for crashing based on the preferred coefficient calculated by considering resource, risk, and cost. Finally, an example is analyzed to demonstrate the specific optimization procedure. In comparison with the traditional methods, a more objective, comprehensive and accurate preferred coefficient can be achieved, which gives decision makers better optimization solutions to meet the actual needs.",Analytical hierarchy process | Construction management | Scaling function | Schedule compression,Shuili Fadian Xuebao/Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015-02-25,Article,"Wang, Renchao;Chen, Jianyou;Tian, Yu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018257653,10.1145/3025453.3025538,Always On (line)?: User Experience of Smartwatches and their Role within Multi-Device Ecologies,"Users have access to a growing ecosystem of devices (desktop, mobile and wearable) that can deliver notifications and help people to stay in contact. Smartwatches are gaining popularity, yet little is known about the user experience and their impact on our increasingly always online culture. We report on a qualitative study with existing users on their everyday use of smartwatches to understand both the added value and the challenges of being constantly connected at the wrist. Our findings show that users see a large benefit in receiving notifications on their wrist, especially in terms of helping manage expectations of availability. Moreover, we find that response rates after viewing a notification on a smartwatch change based on the other devices available: Laptops prompt quicker replies than smartphones. Finally, there are still many costs associated with using smartwatch-es, thus we make a series of design recommendations to improve the user experience of smartwatches.",Autoethnography | Context-aware | Cross-device interaction | Device ecologies | Multidevice experience | Notifications | Smartwatches | User experience | Wearable,Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings,2017-05-02,Conference Paper,"Cecchinato, Marta E.;Cox, Anna L.;Bird, Jon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897405731,10.1139/cjce-2013-0194,The Supporting Role of Paper in Multi-tasking,"Compressing project schedule using activity accelerating and overlapping requires that an intensive time-cost trade-off analysis be carried out, to determine costs and benefits for each day of compression. However, the cost elements and implications of compression techniques differ significantly, since activity accelerating imposes extra direct cost whereas activity overlapping adds a risk of changes and rework. Such a trade-off becomes even more complicated in capital projects comprised of a large number of schedule activities and relationships. The variety of combinations of accelerating and overlapping of different activities in these complex networks can offer numerous possibilities for compression with various costs and potential risks. The lack of a reliable analytical tool for performing a precise cost-benefit analysis causes this critical task to be performed in a subjective manner during the planning stage of projects. The purpose of this paper is to present an advanced method using a multi-objective evolutionary optimization tool seeking the optimum degree of accelerating and overlapping during the schedule compression process. This optimization technique would be beneficial in maximizing project benefits while meeting the intended target dates.",Accelerating | Crashing | Genetic algorithms | Optimization | Overlapping | Schedule compression | Substitution,Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2014-01-01,Article,"Hazini, Kamran;Dehghan, Reza;Ruwanpura, Janaka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84906946520,10.1007/s12205-014-1466-2,Routine dynamics and routine interruptions: How to create and recreate recognizability of routine patterns,"Usually, the tunneling operation is on a critical path in road or railroad construction projects. For minimizing project duration, this study identifies feasible work scenarios, builds simulation models for each scenario, and then analyzes the average duration per unit length of driving distance and efficiency of tunneling equipment. The tunnel work face is usually advanced as far as the ground condition allows the intention to finish the work earlier. As the rock type changes, however, the length per cycle advances, and the work cycle time varies accordingly. Therefore, workflow variability occurs. Workflow variability in tunnel construction operations brings with it waiting time for each work crew and results in delays in the work process. This study evaluates the effects of workflow variability and suggests an approach for shortening the duration of tunneling work by adjusting the driving length of each excavation in the case of two parallel tunnels, not a single tunnel. © 2014 Korean Society of Civil Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",lean concept | schedule compression | simulation | tunnel boring operations | work scenario | workflow variability,KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2014-01-01,Article,"Kim, Kyong Ju;Yun, Won Gun;Lee, Ju hyun;Kim, Kyoungmin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893539773,,Freedom from freedom: The beneficial role of constraints in collaborative creativity,"Considerable number of methods and procedures has been introduced for trending and progress reporting of engineering, procurement and construction projects. This paper introduces a novel method, designed to augment the set of indices for measuring schedule performance. The concept behind the developed method is to provide early warning by dynamically evaluating the schedule cumulative impact of construction projects. The proposed method is designed to highlight the gradual deterioration in schedule status resulting in a cumulative impact due to the aggregation of small delays encountered during the execution of non-critical activities, and can be used as an add-on utility to existing software systems that perform CPM scheduling. The proposed method is based on a developed formulation for quantification of the Schedule Compression Index, which takes into consideration the remaining project activities durations. The index is developed based on periodic comparisons of ""Current Schedules"" and the project ""Baseline Schedule"" using the summation of the remaining activities durations. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the application and capabilities of the developed method. It is expected that the developed index together with other schedule performance indices would be of value to decision makers and members of project teams.",Critical path method | Progress reporting | Schedule cumulative impact | Schedule performance,"ISARC 2013 - 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining, Held in Conjunction with the 23rd World Mining Congress",2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hussei, Bahaa;Moselhi, Osama",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884469004,10.1108/CI-03-2011-0010,Social marketing and public health: an ethnographic investigation,"Purpose - This paper aims to present a new method to circumvent the limitations of current schedule compression methods which reduce schedule crashing to the traditional time-cost trade-off analysis, where only cost is considered. Design/methodology/approach - The schedule compression process is modeled as a multi-attributed decision making problem in which different factors contribute to priority setting for activity crashing. For this purpose, a modified format of the Multiple Binary Decision Method (MBDM) along with iterative crashing processisutilized. The method is implemented in MATLAB, withadynamic link to MS-Project to facilitate the needed iterative rescheduling. To demonstrate the use of the developed method and to present its capabilities, a numerical example drawn from literature was analysed. Findings - When considering cost only, the generated results were in good agreement with those generated using the harmony search (HS) method, particularly in capturing the project least-cost duration. However, when other factors in addition to cost were considered, as expected, different project least-cost and associated durations were obtained. Research limitations/implications - The developed method is not applicable, in its present formulation, to what is known as ""linear projects"" such as construction of highways and pipeline infrastructure projects which exhibit high degree of repetitive construction. Originality/value - The novelty of the developed method lies in its capacity to allow for the consideration of a number of factors in addition to cost in performing schedule compression. Also through its allowance for possible variations in the relative importance of these factors at the individual activity level, it provides contractors with flexibility to consider a number of compression execution plans and identifies the most suitable plan. Accordingly, it enables the integration of contractors' judgment and experience in the crashing process and permits consideration of different project environments and constraints. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Construction scheduling | Multi-attributed analysis | Project management | Schedule acceleration | Schedule compression | Time-cost trade-off,Construction Innovation,2013-09-26,Article,"Moselhi, Osama;Roofigari-Esfahan, Nazila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963490930,10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.037,Does decreasing working time reduce environmental pressures? New evidence based on dynamic panel approach,"There is a growing interest in the correlation between working time and environmental pressures, but prior empirical studies were mostly focused on static methods within limited country groups. To fill the gap, this study aims to stimulate the discussion by distinguishing between different time periods for developed and developing country groups respectively. In particular, we contribute to a further understanding of the environmental effects of working time reduction policies by comparing the differences under the dynamic framework of system Generalized Method of Moments. We applied this dynamic panel regression approach for 55 countries worldwide over the period 1980-2010, and employing carbon emissions per capita as the environmental indicator. In general, results confirmed the significant relationship between hours of work and environmental impacts in developed economies, although this is not the case for the developing counterparts. Interestingly, the significant correlations for the developed country group turned from positive during the first sub-period (1980-2000) to negative during the second sub-period (2001-2010). Connecting these results with previous literature, we proposed the reasons of rebound energy use derived from certain leisure activities which were more energy-intensive if excessive non-working time provided.",Carbon emission per capita | Environmental pressure | Working time,Journal of Cleaner Production,2016-07-01,Article,"Shao, Qing Long;Rodríguez-Labajos, Beatriz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878021904,10.1139/cjce-2012-0380,Concluding thoughts on tensions between work and private life and policy responses,"Schedule compression is an attempt to reduce project durations for early delivery, or to catch up on occurred delays. This is usually performed using ""crashing"", ""overlapping"" and ""substitution"" of activities. ""Crashing"" is shortening task duration by adding more resource hours. ""Substitution"" is changing the method or tool by which the activity is performed. ""Overlapping"" is performing sequential activities in parallel. Few studies can be found in the literature that compare costs and benefits of each technique and recommend the optimum combination of these techniques in project schedules. In fact, the implications of each technique are inherently different since crashing and substitution impose extra cost whereas overlapping adds the risk of changes and rework. Therefore, it is a challenge to develop a reliable analytical tool for performing time-cost trade-offs using the three methods. There are also few studies in the literature to propose a practical method for performing schedule compression by combining these techniques. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these schedule compression techniques in detail, and present and validate a heuristic method to perform the combination of crashing, overlapping and substitution in a project schedule, to reach the maximum benefit while meeting the project target dates.",Acceleration | Crashing | Overlapping | Schedule compression,Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2013-02-01,Article,"Hazini, Kamran;Dehghan, Reza;Ruwanpura, Janaka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873421411,10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000121,Timelessness and nonephemeral knowledge,"Contractors have responded to the growing pressure from owners to shorten project duration by employing a variety of crew-scheduling techniques. Unfortunately, only a limited knowledge base exists for determining the impact of different crew schedules on project performance in terms of cost, duration, productivity, and safety. Standard crew schedules include those that require crews to work 40 h per week, including five 8-h days, four 10-h days, or a second shift. Overtime schedules are also common, which require crews to work additional hours beyond the standard 40 h per week. These overtime schedules include five 9-h days, six 8-h days, or five 10-h days. In addition to the standard and overtime schedules, several other crew-scheduling techniques have been used successfully by contractors. This paper presents the results of a study on the impact of crew-scheduling techniques on overall project performance. The paper identifies the proper application and conditions for successful use of various crew-scheduling techniques and provides a comprehensive comparison that outlines a variety of crew-scheduling options, along with their impact on labor efficiency, project duration, worker safety, and project cost. Contractors can use the results to aid them in the selection of a scheduling technique to best meet the specific requirements of a project. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.",Construction | Crew scheduling | Productivity | Safety | Schedule compression,Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction,2013-02-01,Article,"Hanna, Awad S.;Shapira, Aviad;El Asmar, Mounir;Taylor, Craig S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923163940,10.3850/978-981-07-5354-2-CPM-6-60,Instant Messaging usage and interruptions in the workplace,"Schedule compression is a method by which project duration is reduced for earlier completion and release of deliverables. This is usually performed using crashing, substitution and overlapping of activities. Crashing denotes shortening task duration by adding more resource hours, and substitution is to change the method or tool by which the activity is performed, with the intent of reducing the execution time. Overlapping is performing the sequential activities in parallel. Compressing a project schedule using these methods requires an intensive time-cost trade-off to be carried out, to analyze costs and benefits for each day of compression. However, the cost elements and implications of compression techniques are different since activity crashing and substitution usually impose extra cost, whereas activity overlapping instead adds a risk of changes and rework. Such a trade-off becomes even more complicated in capital projects consisting of a large number of schedule activities and relationships. Combinations of these compression techniques in complex networks offer numerous possible alternatives for compression, with various costs and potential risks. Lack of a reliable analytical tool for performing a precise cost-benefit analysis often causes this critical task to be performed in a subjectivemanner during the planning stage of projects. The purpose of this paper is to present an advanced method using a multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm that seeks the optimum degree of crashing/substitution and overlapping during the schedule compression process. This optimization technique would be beneficial in maximizing project benefits while meeting the intended target dates.",Crashing | Genetic algorithms | Optimization | Overlapping | Schedule compression,ISEC 2013 - 7th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: New Developments in Structural Engineering and Construction,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hazini, Kamran;Dehghan, Reza;Ruwanpura, Janaka Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84996430932,10.1057/9780230273993,What do (and don't) we know about part-time professional work?,,,"Ways of Living: Work, Community and Lifestyle Choice",2009-11-18,Book Chapter,"Corwin, Vivien",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987940340,10.1016/j.scaman.2016.08.004,Timing ambition: How organisational actors engage with the institutionalised norms that affect the career development of part-time workers,"This paper contributes to the debate on the career development of part-time workers. First, it shows how institutionalised norms concerning working hours and ambition can be considered as temporal structures that are both dynamic and contextual, and may both hinder and enable part-time workers’ career development. Second, it introduces the concept of ‘timing ambition’ to show how organizational actors (managers and part-time employees) actually approach these temporal structures. Based on focus-group interviews with part-time workers and supervisors in the Dutch service sector, the paper identifies four dimensions of timing ambition: timing ambition over the course of a lifetime; timing in terms of the number of weekly hours worked; timing in terms of overtime hours worked; and timing in terms of visible working hours. Although the dominant template in organisations implies that ambition is timed early in life, working full-time, devoting extra office hours and being present at work for face hours, organisational actors develop alternatives that enable career development later in life while working in large part-time jobs or comprised working weeks and devoting extra hours at home.",Ambition | Career | Life course | Part-time work | Temporal structures | Working hours,Scandinavian Journal of Management,2016-12-01,Article,"Bleijenbergh, Inge;Gremmen, Ine;Peters, Pascale",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84655162043,10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2157137,Work-discipline and temporal structures in a multinational bank in Romania,"To compress research and development (R&D) cycle times of high-tech mechatronic products with conformance performance metrics, managing R&D projects to allow engineers from electrical, mechanical, and manufacturing disciplines receive real-time design feedback and assessment are essential. In this paper, we propose a systems design procedure to integrate mechanical design, structure prototyping, and servo evaluation through careful comprehension of the servo-mechanical-prototype production cycle commonly employed in mechatronic industries. Our approach focuses on the Modal Parametric Identification of key feedback parameters for fast exchange of design specifications and information. This enables efficient conduct of product design evaluations, and supports schedule compression of the R&D project life cycle in the highly competitive consumer electronics industry. Using the commercial hard disk drive as a case example, we demonstrate how our approach allow inter-disciplinary specifications to be communicated among engineers from different backgrounds to speed up the R&D process for the next generation of intelligent manufacturing. This provides the management of technology team with powerful decision-making tools for project strategy formulation, and improvements in project outcome are potentially massive because of the low costs of change. © 2012, IEEE",Hard disk drives (HDDs) | integrated system design | mechatronics | modal parameters | research and development (R&D),"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A: Systems and Humans",2012-01-01,Article,"Pang, Chee Khiang;Lee, Tong Heng;Ng, Tsan Sheng;Lewis, Frank L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900824208,10.3917/rac.022.i,Temporal heterogeneity and work activity,,,Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances,2014-01-01,Article,"Datchary, Caroline;Gaglio, Gérald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855804054,,Emergent modes of labour regulation in management-by-project processes and theoretical issues for industrial relations,"Schedule compression or acceleration is needed for a wide range of practical reasons such as meeting targeted completion dates and recovery from delays experienced during project execution. The challenge here is to perform such compression while satisfying a set of objectives and constraints, which may be of importance to contractors. Current methods for schedule compression, also known as time-cost trade-off methods, however, consider only cost. The lack of consideration of factors beyond cost has been attributed to the limited use, if any, of these methods in practice. This paper presents a new method that accounts for factors beyond cost in schedule compression such as resource availability, complexity and logistics, cash flow constraints, and the number of successors for the activity being considered for compression. The method utilizes Multiple Binary Decision Method (MBDM) and an iterative crashing algorithm. The method is flexible; allowing for consideration of different scenarios by assigning different levels of importance to the factors being considered in schedule compression. The developed methodology has been implemented in MATLAB with a dynamic linkage to MS-Project which facilitates data transfer between the commercially available scheduling software and the developed crashing algorithm. Example projects from literature were analyzed to validate the proposed methodology and demonstrate how the results could differ by considering, in addition to cost, factors related to judgment and experience of contractors.",,"Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering",2011-12-01,Conference Paper,"Moselhi, Osama;Roofigari, Nazila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982217664,10.1177/1948550616649239,People Who Choose Time Over Money Are Happier,"Money and time are both scarce resources that people believe would bring them greater happiness. But would people prefer having more money or more time? And how does one’s preference between resources relate to happiness? Across studies, we asked thousands of Americans whether they would prefer more money or more time. Although the majority of people chose more money, choosing more time was associated with greater happiness—even controlling for existing levels of available time and money. Additional studies and experiments provide insight into choosers’ underlying rationale and the causal direction of the effect.",choice | happiness | money | time | well-being,Social Psychological and Personality Science,2016-09-01,Article,"Hershfield, Hal E.;Mogilner, Cassie;Barnea, Uri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992163144,10.1177/0032885516671872,Doing a Bid: The Construction of Time as Punishment,"Juxtaposing the sociology of time with the sociological study of punishment, we interviewed 34 former inmates to explore their memories of how they constructed time while “doing a bid.” Prison sentences convey macro-political and social messages, but time is experienced by individuals. Our qualitative data explore important theoretical connections between the sociology of time as a lived experience and the temporality of prison where time is punishment. The interview data explores the social construction of time, and our findings demonstrate participants’ use of the language of time in three distinct ways: (a) routine time, (b) marked time, and (c) lost time.",memory | the sociology of punishment | the sociology of time | “doing a bid”,Prison Journal,2016-12-01,Article,"Middlemass, Keesha M.;Smiley, Calvin John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982190096,10.1007/s11213-016-9398-z,Systemic development of leadership: action research in an Indian manufacturing organization,"This insider action research study differentiates between developing leaders and leadership, evolves a systemic leadership model, and intervenes on the human, social and processes dimensions for developing leadership. This is a real-time study and responds to the organizational reality of fast pace of change and its systemic nature. Consequently, the research too is fast to guide actions and influence positive changes in the organization. As the action research addresses a systemic reality, research and contributions are in multiple aspects, with new techniques having huge implications for theory building as well as improving practice. The study provides a structural solution to perceived lack of commitment in senior colleagues—a syndrome I acronym as HILE (High Intentions and Lukewarm Execution)–by re-designing organizational processes and making time available for its effective utilization in developing leadership. A new technique of triggering major changes in organizations termed “concept sublimation” distils concept from the statements of major stakeholder and sublimates it from lower to higher unit of analysis and to higher levels of positivity. Statistical simplification of a competency framework by applying concepts from Euclidian geometry and making it effective is yet a unique contribution of this action research study. The study adapts the competing values framework in developing a method of assessing cultural congruence of a candidate with the culture of the organization. The uniqueness of the study lies in bridging the gap in the literature by actually and systemically developing leadership in an organization and providing pragmatic insights on developing leadership while also creating knowledge for theory building.",Action research | Change management | Competency framework | Cultural fitment | Leadership development | Performance management system | Releasing time | Systems thinking | Talent management,Systemic Practice and Action Research,2017-08-01,Article,"Bhatnagar, Vikas Rai",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85012298022,10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.01.005,“Switching On” creativity: Task switching can increase creativity by reducing cognitive fixation,"Whereas past research has focused on the downsides of task switching, the present research uncovers a potential upside: increased creativity. In two experiments, we show that task switching can enhance two principal forms of creativity—divergent thinking (Study 1) and convergent thinking (Study 2)—in part because temporarily setting a task aside reduces cognitive fixation. Participants who continually alternated back and forth between two creativity tasks outperformed both participants who switched between the tasks at their discretion and participants who attempted one task for the first half of the allotted time before switching to the other task for the second half. Importantly, Studies 3a–3d reveal that people overwhelmingly fail to adopt a continual-switch approach when incentivized to choose a task switching strategy that would maximize their creative performance. These findings provide insights into how individuals can “switch on” creativity when navigating multiple creative tasks.",Convergent thinking | Creativity | Divergent thinking | Fixation | Problem solving | Task switching,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2017-03-01,Article,"Lu, Jackson G.;Akinola, Modupe;Mason, Malia F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923133947,10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4-S1-C10-cd,Understanding the BlackBerry: Negotiating connectivity in different organizational worlds,"Reducing project duration has significant strategic implications for the market share and revenue stream of owners and contractors in the oil and gas industry. The business benefits of early completion challenges projectmanagers to employ strategies to achieve shorter project duration. Among those, strategies applied in the engineering phase are of vital importance. The objective of this paper is to introduce the main strategies that can be used in the engineering phase to speed up the project delivery. The paper also aims at addressing the analysis of each technique from the managerial standpoint through literature review, empirical analysis and industry survey. Initial study shows that strategies like overlapping, crashing, early freezing of project scope, over-design, modularization and standard design are widely used in the industry. Some of these strategies may create significant cost saving opportunities and may lead to smoother project execution while other strategiesmay negatively impact project performance by imposing additional risks and driving up the costs. The outcome of this research helps to pro-actively plan and manage projects using the most suitable fast tracking strategies to improve project success.",Cost-time trade-off | Crashing | Fast tracking | Modularization | Over-design | Overlapping | Schedule compression | Schedule reduction | Scope freeze | Standardization,ISEC 2011 - 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Khoramshahi, Fereshteh;Ruwanpura, Janaka Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84923182605,10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4-S1-CP19-cd,"Kommunikation in Forschung und Entwicklung: Konzeption, Messung und empirische Analyse","The need for earlier completion of construction projects has led to various schedule compression techniques. An effective and well known technique is to overlap the project activities or phases that normally would be performed in sequence. Overlapping, also called fast tracking, is a risky process because it increases execution uncertainties and can result in more changes and rework, and extra costs. In order to reduce the risks, a tradeoff between benefits and losses of activity overlapping is required. Such a tradeoff is a type of time-cost tradeoff. Various time-cost tradeoffs have been extensively studied in the project management and construction management literature; however, limited research exists to address the activity overlapping time-cost tradeoff. This paper presents a model that utilizes genetic algorithms to optimize the overlapping between activities of construction projects. So far no research has used genetic algorithms to optimize activity overlapping. In this paper, the theoreticalmechanismof overlapping is introduced and the details of the proposed model are described. Furthermore, the application of the model on a simple project network consisting of seven activities and nine dependencies is shown and the outcomes presented. The results of this research can pave the way for further development of a computerized tool capable of determining the optimum overlapping degree between project activities in all industrial projects.",Fast-tracking | Overlapping | Project risks | Rework | Time-cost tradeoff,ISEC 2011 - 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Dehghan, Reza;Hazini, Kamran;Ruwanpura, Janaka Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79951649005,10.1109/TEST.2010.5699204,Overwerk: wanneer schaadt het welbevinden?,"The IBM Power 7 ™ 4 GHz, eight core microprocessor introduced several new challenges for the Power 7 test team: new pervasive test architecture, 8 asynchronous processor cores, DRAM integrated on the same die as processor and enhanced thermal test requirements. The design complexity, time to market schedule compression, and rapid production ramp required innovation and new methods to meet these challenges. The following is an overview of the design for test architecture, manufacturing test methodology, thermal calibration, and rapid yield learning deployed to address these challenges and deliver a leadership server processor. © 2010 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Test Conference,2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Crafts, James;Bogdan, David;Conti, Dennis;Forlenza, Donato;Forlenza, Orazio;Huott, William;Kusko, Mary;Seymour, Edward;Taylor, Timothy;Walsh, Brian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78449280168,10.1109/GREENCOMP.2010.5598274,Informationstechnische Unterstützung der Handhabung von Unterbrechungen in der Multiprojekt-Wissensarbeit,"Given an initial schedule of a parallel program represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and an energy constraint, the question arises how to effectively determine what nodes (tasks) can be penalized (slowed down) through the use of dynamic voltage scaling. The resulting re-schedule length with a strict energy budget should have a minimum amount of expansion compared to the original schedule achieved with full energy. We propose three static schemes that aim to achieve this goal . Each scheme encompasses submitting a schedule to either a conceptual ""stretch"" (starting tasks with a maximum voltage supplied to all cores followed by methodical voltage reductions) or ""compress"" (starting tasks with a minimum voltage supplied to all cores followed by methodical voltage boosts). The complexity ari ses due to the inter-dependence of tasks . We propose methods that efficiently make such findings by analyzing the DAG and determining the ""impact factor"" of a node in the graph for the purpose of guiding the schedule toward the desired goal . The comparison between the stretch-alone and compress-alone based algorithms leads to a third algorithm that employs schedule ""compression, "" but reschedules all cores following each successive voltage adj ustment. Detailed simulation experiments demonstrate the effect of various task and processor parameters on the performance of the proposed algorithms. ©2010 IEEE.",Energy | Multi-core | Parallel processing | Scheduling,"2010 International Conference on Green Computing, Green Comp 2010",2010-11-24,Conference Paper,"King, David;Ahmad, Ishfaq;Sheikh, Hafiz Fahad",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349269870,10.1109/ICME.2010.5582603,가족친화적 고성과작업시스템에 대한 듀얼아젠다 접근,"In many scenarios, such as TV/radio advertising production, animation production, and presentation, music pieces are constrained in the metric of time. For example, an editor wants to use a 320s song to fit a 280s animation or to accompany a 265s radio advertisement. Current music resizing approach scales the whole piece of music in a uniform manner. However, it will degrade the effect of the compressed song and make perceptual artifacts. In this paper, a novel music resizing approach, called LyDAR (LYrics Density based Approach to non-homogeneous music Resizing), is proposed, in which the resizing operation is guided by music structural analysis. Firstly, a useful concept, lyrics density, is presented, which takes advantage of lyrics to analyze the musical structure and can be used to describe the compression-resistance for different parts of a song. Secondly, two music resizing scheduling algorithms, LDF and LDGF, are developed to schedule compression over different parts of a music piece. Finally, both subjective and objective experiments are conducted to show that LyDAR can effectively and efficiently generate compressed versions of songs with good quality. © 2010 IEEE.",Music resizing | Non-homogeneous time-scale | Time stretching,"2010 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2010",2010-11-22,Conference Paper,"Liu, Zhang;Wang, Chaokun;Guo, Lu;Bai, Yiyuan;Wang, Jianmin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907472409,10.5294/pacla.2014.17.3.8,Asociación entre el momento de publicación en las redes sociales y el engagement: estudio de las universidades mexicanas,"Universities are using social media increasingly as communication channels. However, not all universities seem to have a clear strategy that allows them to achieve a broader range. This study shows publication time can affect the impact of a publication. The authors compared the behavior of Fanpage managers to demonstrations of public engagement from the standpoint of their temporary activity cycles. A quantitative methodology was used, based on identifying outstanding publications among 31,590 publications by 28 Mexican universities.",Engagement | Facebook pages | Higher education | Outstanding publications | Publication time | Social network,Palabra Clave,2014-09-01,Article,"Valerio Ureña, Gabriel;Herrera-Murillo, Dagoberto José;Rodríguez-Martínez, María Del Carmen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651528641,,"인터넷미디어, 욕망의 투영망","Time-Cost Optimization TCO is one of the greatest challenges in construction project planning and control, since the optimization of either time or cost, would usually be at the expense of the other. Since there is a hidden trade-off relationship between project and cost, it might be difficult to predict whether the total cost would increase or decrease as a result of the schedule compression. Recently third dimension in trade-off analysis is taken into consideration that is quality of the projects. Few of the existing algorithms are applied in a case of construction project with three-dimensional trade-off analysis, Time-Cost-Quality relationships. The objective of this paper is to presents the development of a practical software system; that named Automatic Multi-objective Typical Construction Resource Optimization System AMTCROS. This system incorporates the basic concepts of Line Of Balance LOB and Critical Path Method CPM in a multi-objective Genetic Algorithms GAs model. The main objective of this system is to provide a practical support for typical construction planners who need to optimize resource utilization in order to minimize project cost and duration while maximizing its quality simultaneously. The application of these research developments in planning the typical construction projects holds a strong promise to: 1) Increase the efficiency of resource use in typical construction projects; 2) Reduce construction duration period; 3) Minimize construction cost (direct cost plus indirect cost); and 4) Improve the quality of newly construction projects. A general description of the proposed software for the Time-Cost-Quality Trade-Off TCQTO is presented. The main inputs and outputs of the proposed software are outlined. The main subroutines and the inference engine of this software are detailed. The complexity analysis of the software is discussed. In addition, the verification, and complexity of the proposed software are proved and tested using a real case study.",And time-cost-quality trade-offs | Genetic algorithms | Line of balance | Multi-objective optimization | Project management | Typical (repetitive) large-scale projects,"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology",2010-03-12,Article,"Abd El Razek, Refaat H.;Diab, Ahmed M.;Hafez, Sherif M.;Aziz, Remon F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78049386458,10.4067/S0718-27242010000200001,管理者工作时间分配研究综述,"Technology pervades every aspect of the modern business enterprise and demands new strategies for work management. Advances in internet and computing technologies, the emergence of the ""knowledge worker"", globalization, resource scarcity, and intense competition have led corporations to accomplish their strategic goals and objectives through the implementation of projects. Project success is assured by the effective use of financial and human resources, a project management (PM) framework backed by senior management, and controls spanning the PM spectrum of initiation; planning; implementation; monitoring, measurement, and control; and closing. As an essential function of management, 'control' may be accomplished through a PM Plan, a project-matrix organization, competent and motivated people, and appropriate management tools and techniques. A PM Plan conforming to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) framework incorporates controls for the key PM elements and, implemented properly, can assure project success. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado.",Control | Earned value analysis | Management tools | PMBOK | Project management | Project risk assessment | Project-matrix organization | Quality function deployment | Schedule compression analysis | Self-directed teams,Journal of Technology Management and Innovation,2010-01-01,Article,"Pinheiro, Angelo Bernard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77949498844,10.1109/IEEM.2009.5373259,Arbeitszeitregime im Lock-in?,"The problem of coordinating activities while developing large software systems is challenging. In this paper, we formulate a quantitative coordination model to analyze the optimal management policy for incremental software development. Then we develop an effective solution procedure with polynomial complexity to solve the model. Numerical studies show: (1) too large a team size is counter-productive resulting intensive communication overhead; (2) higher level of product structural complexity and communication efficiency favor more development cycles; (3) higher changeover costs and tighter schedule compression discourage more development cycles; (4) communication efficiency has no great impact on the optimal coordination policy but induces great overhead; (5) the optimal number of modules released reveals a U-shape characteristic. Case study shows that communication costs, module integration costs and system integration costs can be greatly reduced through the use of an optimal coordination policy. ©2009 IEEE.",Coordination theory | Incremental development | Software project management,IEEM 2009 - IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Xu, Suxiu;Li, Zhuoxin;Lu, Qiang;Li, Gang;Huang, Li",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449509541,,"工作打断, 运动式治理与科层组织的应对策略","In the line-of-balance (LOB) scheduling, it is necessary that all of the activities are progressed in equal rate of production to establish the schedule as a balanced diagram. In many construction projects, there are one or more activities which progress faster than the other activities. In this paper, interruption of activities with higher production rates and allocation of resources to other activities to decrease the duration of the project is studied. Moreover, the algorithm for calculation of the number of required interruptions, optimal time, project unit for applying interruptions, and the duration of each interruption into suitable activities which the project manager can start earlier is introduced.",Interruption | Line of balance scheduling | Schedule compression,AACE International Transactions,2009-11-19,Conference Paper,"Mohammad Amini, S.;Heravi, Gholamreza",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349318547,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2009)135:10(1096),Psychologie menschlichen Handelns: Wissen & Denken-Wollen & Tun,"This article evaluates the viability of using fuzzy mathematical models for determining construction schedules and for evaluating the contingencies created by schedule compression and delays due to unforeseen material shortages. Networks were analyzed using three methods: manual critical path method scheduling calculations, Primavera Project Management software (P5), and mathematical models using the Optimization Programming Language software. Fuzzy mathematical models that allow the multiobjective optimization of project schedules considering constraints such as time, cost, and unexpected materials shortages were used to verify commonly used methodologies for finding the minimum completion time for projects. The research also used a heuristic procedure for material allocation and sensitivity analysis to test five cases of material shortage, which increase the cost of construction and delay the completion time of projects. From the results obtained during the research investigation, it was determined that it is not just whether there is a shortage of a material but rather the way materials are allocated to different activities that affect project durations. It is important to give higher priority to activities that have minimum float values, instead of merely allocating materials to activities that are immediately ready to start. © 2009 ASCE.",Construction management | Construction materials | Fuzzy sets | Multiple objective analysis | Optimization | Resource allocation | Scheduling,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2009-09-28,Article,"Castro-Lacouture, Daniel;Süer, Gürsel A.;Gonzalez-Joaqui, Julian;Yates, J. K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69949092680,10.1061/41020(339)18,La difficile conciliation de la vie professionnelle et de la vie privee dans les entreprises quebecoises de services technologiques aux entreprises: …,"Electrical contractors are at high risk, mainly because of the high percentage of labor in electrical construction activities and the fact that a significant part of their work is last in line in a project, which leads to facing schedule compression. The main schedule compression techniques are overtime, overmanning, and second shift. This paper quantifies the impact of overtime on labor productivity for electrical contractors. Several studies have addressed overtime, but they tend to be old and the source of data is questionable. This paper contains both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The qualitative analysis is based on a survey sent to companies around the United States and Canada and analyzes contractors' responses regarding use of overtime on their projects. The quantitative analysis consists of collecting productivity data from different contractors and studying the effect of using overtime on labor productivity. Statistical models are developed and show the behavior of productivity when using overtime. The quantitative analysis further contains macro and micro approaches. The macro approach model projects where productivity for the whole project is tracked, and no specific overtime schedule is used. As for the micro approach, it shows the effect of using a fixed overtime schedule using the Measured Mile Method (MMM) which compares the productivity in unimpeded time to that in impacted time in order to determine how significantly the project's productivity was impacted. The models developed show that as the number of hours per week increases, the productivity decreases. This study will decrease disputes among owners and contractors regarding the price of additional work. Furthermore, the paper presents a scientific method for forward pricing overtime work and aiding in understanding the risks and rewards of implementing different types of overtime schedules. It also offers valuable insight with regards to safety, supervision, worker fatigue, absenteeism, and other factors related to overtimeuse. Copyright ASCE 2009.",,Building a Sustainable Future - Proceedings of the 2009 Construction Research Congress,2009-09-11,Conference Paper,"Hanna, Awad S.;Haddad, Gilbert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Kenttätutkimuksen ja haastatteluiden hyödyt ehdotetun toimin-nallisuuden tarpeen arvioinnissa,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-66549090407,10.1109/TCAD.2009.2017430,Töissä vapaalla?: yksityiselämän valuminen työajalle tietotyössä,"The memory system presents one of the critical challenges in embedded system design and optimization. This is mainly due to the ever-increasing code complexity of embedded applications and the exponential increase seen in the amount of data they manipulate. The memory bottleneck is even more important for multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC) architectures due to the high cost of off-chip memory accesses in terms of both energy and performance. As a result, reducing the memory-space occupancy of embedded applications is very important and will be even more important in the next decade. While it is true that the on-chip memory capacity of embedded systems is continuously increasing, the increases in the complexity of embedded applications and the sizes of the data sets they process are far greater. Motivated by this observation, this paper presents and evaluates a compiler-driven approach to data compression for reducing memory-space occupancy. Our goal is to study how automated compiler support can help in deciding the set of data elements to compress/ decompress and the points during execution at which these compressions/decompressions should be performed. We first study this problem in the context of single-core systems and then extend it to MPSoCs where we schedule compressions and decompressions intelligently such that they do not conflict with application execution as much as possible. Particularly, in MPSoCs, one needs to decide which processors should participate in the compression and decompression activities at any given point during the course of execution. We propose both static and dynamic algorithms for this purpose. In the static scheme, the processors are divided into two groups: those performing compression/ decompression and those executing the application, and this grouping is maintained throughout the execution of the application. In the dynamic scheme, on the other hand, the execution starts with some grouping but this grouping can change during the course of execution, depending on the dynamic variations in the data access pattern. Our experimental results show that, in a single-core system, the proposed approach reduces maximum memory occupancy by 47.9% and average memory occupancy by 48.3% when averaged over all the benchmarks. Our results also indicate that, in an MPSoC, the average energy saving is 12.7% when all eight benchmarks are considered. While compressions and decompressions and related bookkeeping activities take extra cycles and memory space and consume additional energy, we found that the improvements they bring from the memory space, execution cycles, and energy perspectives are much higher than these overheads. © 2009 IEEE.",Compilers | Data compression | Embedded systems | Memory optimization | Multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC),IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems,2009-06-01,Article,"Ozturk, Ozcan;Kandemir, Mahmut;Irwin, Mary Jane",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-62749180805,,Johtajiin kohdistuvat paineet ja vaatimukset,"Concurrent engineering (CE) is a systematic pattern where the processes of product development and related processes are concurrent and integrated. CE is becoming one of the schedule compression techniques in construction design. The design structure matrix (DSM) is a tool that helps in understanding and analyzing the information flow in CE design. However, many existing DSM-based models do not consider the uncertainty of cost and time, and failed to adequately describe the realistic design process. An optimization model including Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Monte Carlo simulation (MC) is presented to obtain an optimization sequence of design process for CE projects. GA is used to obtain an optimization sequence, and MC is incorporated into the framework to tackle project activities with stochastic time and cost. An algorithm is developed to calculate the rework affecting the total time and cost. Rework probability, rework impact, overlapping matrix, improvement curve and uncertainty time and cost are introduced to represent the characteristics of design process. A case study verified the validity of the proposed model. The framework provides a new effective tool for design process sequencing optimization in CE projects.",Concurrent engineering | Construction project | Engineering design | Optimization,Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal,2009-02-01,Article,"Zhao, Zhenyu;You, Weiyang;Lu, Qianlei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-66549090407,10.1109/TCAD.2009.2017430,GOECONOMICA,"The memory system presents one of the critical challenges in embedded system design and optimization. This is mainly due to the ever-increasing code complexity of embedded applications and the exponential increase seen in the amount of data they manipulate. The memory bottleneck is even more important for multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC) architectures due to the high cost of off-chip memory accesses in terms of both energy and performance. As a result, reducing the memory-space occupancy of embedded applications is very important and will be even more important in the next decade. While it is true that the on-chip memory capacity of embedded systems is continuously increasing, the increases in the complexity of embedded applications and the sizes of the data sets they process are far greater. Motivated by this observation, this paper presents and evaluates a compiler-driven approach to data compression for reducing memory-space occupancy. Our goal is to study how automated compiler support can help in deciding the set of data elements to compress/ decompress and the points during execution at which these compressions/decompressions should be performed. We first study this problem in the context of single-core systems and then extend it to MPSoCs where we schedule compressions and decompressions intelligently such that they do not conflict with application execution as much as possible. Particularly, in MPSoCs, one needs to decide which processors should participate in the compression and decompression activities at any given point during the course of execution. We propose both static and dynamic algorithms for this purpose. In the static scheme, the processors are divided into two groups: those performing compression/ decompression and those executing the application, and this grouping is maintained throughout the execution of the application. In the dynamic scheme, on the other hand, the execution starts with some grouping but this grouping can change during the course of execution, depending on the dynamic variations in the data access pattern. Our experimental results show that, in a single-core system, the proposed approach reduces maximum memory occupancy by 47.9% and average memory occupancy by 48.3% when averaged over all the benchmarks. Our results also indicate that, in an MPSoC, the average energy saving is 12.7% when all eight benchmarks are considered. While compressions and decompressions and related bookkeeping activities take extra cycles and memory space and consume additional energy, we found that the improvements they bring from the memory space, execution cycles, and energy perspectives are much higher than these overheads. © 2009 IEEE.",Compilers | Data compression | Embedded systems | Memory optimization | Multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip (MPSoC),IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems,2009-06-01,Article,"Ozturk, Ozcan;Kandemir, Mahmut;Irwin, Mary Jane",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85099426445,10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_22,"Jatkuva muutos, työajan hallinta, tuottavuus ja hyvinvointi","This paper presents the effect of 'schedule compression' on software project management effort using COCOMO II (Constructive Cost Model II), considering projects which require more than 25 percent of compression in their schedule. At present, COCOMO II provides a cost driver for applying the effect of schedule compression or expansion on project effort. Its maximum allowed compression is 25 percent due to its exponential effect on effort. This research study is based on 15 industry projects and consists of two parts. In first part, the Compression Ratio (CR) is calculated using actual and estimated project schedules. CR is the schedule compression percentage that was applied in actual which is compared with rated schedule compression percentage to find schedule estimation accuracy. In the second part, a new rating level is derived to cover projects which provide schedule compression higher than 25 percent. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.",COCOMO II | Compression Ratio | Project Schedule Compression | Rating Level | Schedule Estimation Accuracy,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2008-01-01,Conference Paper,"Hussain, Sharraf;Khoja, Shakeel A.;Hassan, Nazish;Lohana, Parkash",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878898643,,"Keskeyttävät työolosuhteet, suoriutuminen ja stressi projektityössä","In 2007, ITS Rocky Mountain (ITSRM), with IDT Group and the Western Transportation Institute (WTI), successfully developed and delivered a 11/2 day training course on Road Weather Information Systems (RWIS) to ITS America (ITSA) members. We developed this course within an extraordinarily aggressive schedule while maintaining high training industry standards for content and learning measurement. We have subsequently delivered the course multiple times throughout the country and have received outstanding evaluations; it obviously fulfills a need within the industry. While this pilot project was successful, we learned several lessons from the experience. These lessons include the positive and negative consequences of dramatically accelerating the development timeline and the cost implications of developing high quality training regardless of schedule compression.",IDT group | ITS america | ITS rocky mountain | ITSA | Road weather information system | Training delivery | Training development | Western transportation institute | WTI,15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and ITS America Annual Meeting 2008,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Trimels Mr., Keith A.;Van Goth Ms., Ilse",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39349099123,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:3(197),A computational model of engineering decision making,"Generally, a contractor has three options in accelerating a construction schedule: working longer hours, increasing the number of workers, or creating an additional shift of workers. There has been a significant amount of research conducted on scheduled overtime on construction labor productivity. However, little information has been found in the literature addressing the labor inefficiency associated with working a second shift. This paper has qualitative and quantitative components. The qualitative part details why and how shift work affects labor productivity, and then addresses the appropriate use of shift work. The quantitative component determines the relationship between the length of shift work and labor efficiency. The results of the research show that shift work has the potential to be both beneficial and detrimental to the productivity of construction labor. Small amounts of well-organized shift work can serve as a very effective response to schedule compression. The productivity loss, obtained from the quantification model developed through this study, ranges from -11 to 17% depending on the amount of shift work used. © 2008 ASCE.",Construction industry | Contractors | Labor | Productivity | Scheduling,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2008-02-22,Article,"Hanna, Awad S.;Chang, Chul Ki;Sullivan, Kenneth T.;Lackney, Jeffery A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44449177190,10.1109/COASE.2007.4341824,Employees behaving badly: Social liabilities at work,"Despite aggressive efforts of project managers to maintain a project schedule or to recover from a lapsed schedule, delays and cost overruns have become routine phenomenon at many construction projects. This research proposes a proactive schedule compression method to reduce the expected project completion time by removing latent lazy time caused by constraints that impose non-value-added effects on project. An additional objective of this research is to develop a systematic environmental model, the Dynamic Schedule Compression Model (DSCM), to improve performance against latency and complexities of design and construction projects in schedule compression. Developing and implementing the DSCM model will result in the following research outcomes: optimizing schedule compression concepts and methods to minimize waste and maximize project performance; detecting and eliminating latent lazy time that project has potentially; managing latency caused by schedule compression; understanding of schedule compression frameworks; and developing system dynamics-based schedule compression model. ©2007 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE CASE 2007",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lee, Jaesung;Ellis, Ralph D.;Pyeon, Jae Ho",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947396756,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2007)133:4(287),Understanding objects of design,"In a typical construction project, a contractor may often find that the time originally allotted to perform the work has been severely reduced. The reduction of time available to complete a project is commonly known throughout the construction industry as schedule compression. Schedule compression negatively impacts labor productivity and consequently becomes a source of dispute between owners and contractors. This paper examines how schedule compression affects construction labor productivity and provides a model quantifying the impact of schedule compression on labor productivity based on data collected from 66 mechanical and 37 sheet metal projects across the United States. The model can be used in a proactive manner to reduce productivity losses by managing the factors affecting productivity under the situation of schedule compression. Another useful application of the model is its use as a litigation avoidance tool after the completion of a project. © 2007 ASCE.",Construction industry | Contractors | Labors | Metals | Productivity | Sheets,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2007-03-26,Article,"Chang, Chul Ki;Hanna, Awad S.;Lackney, Jeffery A.;Sullivan, Kenneth T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645716334,,The Relationship of Coworker Incivility to Job Performance and the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy and Compassion at Work: The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) …,"A project undertaken to the commuter transit tunnel at Weehawken, New Jersey, has been successfully completed despite of multiple difficulties faced during the project. The main difficulties on the project were created by schedule constraints and constant changes. A project labor agreement instituted by the prime contractor, Washington group, requiring the subcontractor for the tunnel using union personnel also led to difficulties. The design-build aspect of the global project led to continual changes combined with scope interpretation disagreements due to the bid build subcontract arrangement resulting in delays, inefficiencies, schedule compression, and occasional friction between prime participants.",,Tunnelling and Trenchless Construction,2006-03-01,Article,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85034396966,10.1007/978-3-319-54678-0_2,Socio-Economic Changes and the Reorganization of Work,"This chapter traces three central socio-economic developments, namely financialization, the network economy and digitalization, and points out how these changes are closely interlinked with recent transformations in work and employment often referred to as precarization, blurring the boundaries of work and contradictory dynamics of work organization. Overall, the dominance of financial markets, digitalization and the global network economy may give rise to greater autonomy and responsibilities for workers, but have also induced companies to standardize and casualize work. In addition, social institutions that previously regulated and delimited work, such as the standard employment relationship, are eroding, and pre-carious working conditions and atypical employment are reaching the middle classes. Further research is needed to explore how workers can cope with these developments.",Boundaryless work | Digitalization | Financialization | Network economy | Precarization | Standardization | Subjectification | Transformation of work,Job Demands in a Changing World of Work: Impact on Workers' Health and Performance and Implications for Research and Practice,2017-01-01,Book Chapter,"Flecker, Jörg;Fibich, Theresa;Kraemer, Klaus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,Markets for Attention: Will Postage for Email Help?,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644514230,,The happiness imperative: a possible solution to the present day social disconnect.,"Schedule compression or acceleration is a common problem for specialty contractors. Schedule acceleration is often the result of late start, delays and/or added work. Generally, a contractor has three options in accelerating a construction schedule; scheduled overtime, increasing the number of workers, or creating an additional shift of workers. There has been a significant amount of research conducted on scheduled overtime on construction labor productivity. However, little information has been found in the literature addressing the cost implications or labor inefficiency associated with working a second shift. This paper quantifies the relationship between the length of shift work and labor efficiency. The results of the research show that shift work has the potential to be both beneficial and detrimental to the productivity of construction labor. The productivity loss obtained from the quantification model developed through this study range from -11% to 17% depending on the length of shift work used.",Labor Productivity | Schedule Acceleration | Schedule Compression | Shift Work,Construction Research Congress 2005: Broadening Perspectives - Proceedings of the Congress,2005-11-15,Conference Paper,"Hanna, Awad S.;Chang, Chul Ki;Sullivan, Kenneth T.;Lackney, Jeffery A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644528765,,An Interaction Framework for Managing Applications and Input in Multiple Display Environments,"This paper details the impacts of overmanning on labor productivity for labor intensive trades, namely, mechanical and sheet metal contractors. Overmanning in this research is defined as an increase of the peak number of workers of the same trade over actual average manpower during project. The paper begins by reviewing the literature on the effects of overmanning on labor productivity. A survey was used to collect data from 54 mechanical and sheet metal projects located across the United States. Various statistical analysis techniques were performed to determine a quantitative relationship between overmanning and labor productivity, including the Stepwise Method, T-Test, P-Value Tests, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Regression. The results indicate a 0% to 41% loss of productivity depending on the level of overmanning and the peak project manpower. Cross-validatbn was performed to validate the final model. Finally, a case study is provided to demonstrate the application of the model.",Labor Productivity | Overmanning | Schedule Acceleration | Schedule Compression,Construction Research Congress 2005: Broadening Perspectives - Proceedings of the Congress,2005-11-14,Conference Paper,"Hanna, Awad S.;Chang, Chul Ki;Lackney, Jeffery A.;Sullivan, Kenneth T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941338792,10.1142/S0219649214500257,Helping as Mundane Knowledge Sharing: Do Bundled Help Request and Quiet Time Increase Performance?,"On a daily level, knowledge is shared when one employee asks another for help. The positive effects of helping have been studied, but less is known about how helping can be made more efficient in terms of lowering the costs for the helpers. We investigated how two methods to channel knowledge sharing (bundled help requests and quiet time) affect helping efficiency. Bundling means that help requesters first collect some requests before asking; quiet time means that an organization defines time spans during which its employees must not interrupt and ask one another for help. We conducted a laboratory experiment and found that bundling increased the efficiency of helping, thereby increasing the combined performance of the helper and the help requester. Quiet time, however, decreased their combined performance. We discuss the implications of our findings for knowledge management research and practice.",helping | interruptions | Knowledge sharing | time management,Journal of Information and Knowledge Management,2014-09-12,Article,"Käser, Philipp A.W.;König, Cornelius J.;Fischbacher, Urs;Kleinmann, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4243084361,10.1145/990680.990695,Attention Modes and Consumer Decision Making: Merely Attending to the Physical Environment Makes Price More Important,"Various aspects of the process of estimating a software scope using effort relationship of time are discussed. The estimation process involved in planning of a project plays vital role in its success. The role of Magical disappearing effort, real work, necessary friction, and optional chaos concept is discussed in context of project success. The useful and useless, and the concepts of high and low schedule compression are also elaborated.",,Communications of the ACM,2004-06-01,Review,"Armour, Phillip G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992933771,10.1108/14714170410814971,Kunskapsarbetarnas geografi,"When construction delays occur, it is necessary to ascertain the liabilities of the contracting parties and to direct the appropriate amount of resources to recover the schedule. Unfortunately, delay analysis and schedule compression are normally treated as separate or independent aspects. This paper examines the feasibility of integrating the delay analysis and schedule compression functions into a broad-scoped two-stage process. The main issue is shown to be the kind of delay analysis required for each stage of the process and seven existing techniques are illustrated for use in conjunction with schedule compression. Since the current form and assumptions of delay analysis techniques are unlikely to provide the necessary level of feedback reliability for recovering delays, it is necessary to modify these techniques by incorporating some means of delay type scrutiny, excusable delays updating, and treatment of concurrent delays. The modified delay analysis techniques can serve as a basis for negotiation between the client and contractor and hence improve the interdisciplinary relations. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Construction delays | Delay analysis | Delay typology | Planning | Scheduling,Construction Innovation,2004-03-01,Article,"ng, S. T.;Skitmore, M.;Deng, M. Z.M.;Nadeem, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1442313246,10.1145/966049.781526,"Pitching, testing and fishing: Managerial voice propagation across hierarchies","Gather and scatter are data redistribution functions of long-standing importance to high performance computing. In this paper, we present a highly-general array operator with powerful gather and scatter capabilities unmatched by other array languages. We discuss an efficient parallel implementation, introducing three new optimizations - schedule compression, dead array reuse, and direct communication - that reduce the costs associated with the operator's wide applicability. In our implementation of this operator in ZPL, we demonstrate performance comparable to the hand-coded Fortran + MPI versions of the NAS FT and CG benchmarks.",Array languages | Gather | Parallel programming | Scatter | ZPL,ACM SIGPLAN Notices,2003-01-01,Article,"Deitz, Steven J.;Chamberlain, Bradford L.;Choi, Sung Eun;Snyder, Lawrence",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038378318,10.1145/781498.781526,Working in Tandem,"Gather and scatter are data redistribution functions of long-standing importance to high performance computing. In this paper, we present a highly-general array operator with powerful gather and scatter capabilities unmatched by other array languages. We discuss an efficient parallel implementation, introducing three new optimizations - schedule compression, dead array reuse, and direct communication - that reduce the costs associated with the operator's wide applicability. In our implementation of this operator in ZPL, we demonstrate performance comparable to the hand-coded Fortran + MPI versions of the NAS FT and CG benchmarks.",Array languages | Gather | Parallel programming | Scatter | ZPL,"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPOPP",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Deitz, Steven J.;Chamberlain, Bradford L.;Choi, Sung Eun;Snyder, Lawrence",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893862031,,"Faculty in Technology-Rich Contexts: Connecting Teaching, Learning, and Assessment in the Classroom","Given a normally-scheduled project network with a set of activities to be completed according to their precedence relationships, the schedule can be compressed such that opportunity income exceeds the cost increment incurred by network compression. The objective is to make a sequence of decisions to crash activities on the network and hence, compress the schedule to a desired limit where the optimal overall economic benefit of owner is reached. This problem is referred to as overall benefit-duration optimization (OBDO) [1]. This paper presents a MATLABprogrammed genetic algorithm (GA) solution to an OBDO problem. In this paper, the OBDO objective function is formulated. A test example and its GA application in MATLAB are illustrated to prove the feasibility and practicability of the OBDO concept. With the motivation of learning from efficiency and the capability of solving complex optimization problems, the MATLAB-based GA program proves itself as an appropriate solution to the proposed OBDO problem. © 2003, Civil-Comp Ltd.",Genetic algorithm | Matlab | Opportunity income | Overall benefit-duration optimization (OBDO) | Owner's economic benefit | Schedule compression,Civil-Comp Proceedings,2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ting, S. K.;Pan, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037055378,10.1002/ijc.10532,A Temporal Perspective on Learning Alliance Formation,"The DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) is a major component of resistance to treatment with methylating agents and nitrosoureas. Inactivation of the protein, via the administration of pseudosubstrates, prior to chemotherapy has been shown to improve the latter's therapeutic index in animal models of human tumours. We have also shown that rational scheduling of temozolomide, so that drug is administered at the ATase nadir after the preceding dose, increases tumour growth delay in these models. We now report the results of combining these two approaches. Nude mice bearing A375M human melanoma xenografts were treated with vehicle or 100 mg/kg temozolomide ip for 5 doses spaced 4, 12 or 24 hr apart. Each dose was preceded by the injection of vehicle or 20 mg/kg 4BTG. All treatments resulted in significant delays in tumour quintupling time compared with controls: by 6.2, 5.9 and 16.8 days, respectively, for 24-, 12- and 4-hourly temozolomide alone and by 22.3, 21.3 and 22.1 days, respectively, in combination with 4BTG. Weight loss due to TMZ was unaffected by the presence of 4BTG. This was of the order of 6.2-10.6% with 24- and 12-hourly administration and 17.4-20.1% (p < 0.0001) with 4-hourly treatment. In our model, combining daily temozolomide with 4-BTG confers increased antitumour activity equivalent to that achieved by compressing the temozolomide schedule but with less toxicity. Using temozolomide schedule compression with 4-BTG does not improve on this result, suggesting that ATase inactivation with pseudosubstrates is a more promising means of enhancing the activity of temozolomide than compressed scheduling. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.",ATase | Methylating agents | MGMT | O -methylguanine 6 | Pseudosubstrates,International Journal of Cancer,2002-08-10,Article,"Middleton, Mark R.;Thatcher, Nicholas;Brian H McMurry, T.;Stanley McElhinney, R.;Donnelly, Dorothy J.;Margison, Geoffrey P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038336806,10.2139/ssrn.325961,Markets for Attention: Will Postage for Email Help?,"Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.",Computer mediated communication | Economics | Electronic mail | Empirical studies | Markets | Social impact | Spam,Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Morris, James;Telang, Rahul;Filer, Darrin;Cronin, Matt",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84953401307,10.1504/IJESB.2016.073988,Women entrepreneurs' work-family management strategies: a structuration theory study,"This research examines how women entrepreneurs are creating and recreating the gender structures that both restrict and enable methods for managing work and family demands. Specifically, we identify how entrepreneurial women have designed their businesses and structured their daily lives to mitigate work-family conflict. We develop a theoretical model identifying sites of tension for women as they navigate the work and family domains via a grounded theory approach. We offer implications for how gender, structuration, social cognitive, and border theories may be extended to understand entrepreneurial women's experiences.",Agency | Entrepreneur | Gender | Structuration | Work-family,International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Spivack, April J.;Desai, Ashay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034432742,10.3141/1712-24,Organizational Working Time Regimes: Exploring Dynamics of Persistence and Change,"The partnering process used by the Arizona Department of Transportation in the execution of an $89 million design-build reconstruction of an urban freeway through a congested section of Phoenix is described. The project is changing 6 lanes into 10 lanes by adding a high-occupancy vehicle lane, along with auxiliary lanes, between the entrance and exit ramps over a 13-km (8-mi) stretch of freeway. It involves the demolition and replacement of two bridges that carry major arterial roads over the freeway by using single-point urban interchanges along with several kilometers (miles) of sound walls, new freeway lighting, and an automated freeway management system. Design-build by its nature lends itself to the partnering concept. The partnering concept ideas of increased communication, alignment of goals, and development of a dispute resolution system fit perfectly with design-build's overarching theme of single-point responsibility for the owner. Increased pressure because of schedule compression typical of most design-build projects makes partnering a vital necessity. Several innovative partnering ideas used on the design-build project to overcome the problems inherent in a complex, high-profile, fast-paced construction project are described.",,Transportation Research Record,2000-01-01,Article,"Ernzen, J.;Murdough, G.;Drecksel, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029674410,10.1007/978-94-6209-512-0,"Just Give Me a Break, Will You? Effects of Uninterrupted Break Time on Teachers' Work Lives",,,The Future of Educational Research: Perspectives from Beginning Researchers,2014-01-01,Book Chapter,"Ngwenya, Elkana",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032645520,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1999)125:5(304),Social ways to manage availability in mediated communication,"The Parade Game illustrates the impact work flow variability has on the performance of construction trades and their successors. The game consists of simulating a construction process in which resources produced by one trade are prerequisite to work performed by the next trade. Production-level detail, describing resources being passed from one trade to the next, illustrates that throughput will be reduced, project completion delayed, and waste increased by variations in flow. The game shows that it is possible to reduce waste and shorten project duration by reducing the variability in work flow between trades. Basic production management concepts are thus applied to construction management. They highlight two shortcomings of using the critical-path method for field-level planning: The critical-path method makes modeling the dependence of ongoing activities between trades or with operations unwieldy and it does not explicitly represent variability. The Parade Game can be played in a classroom setting either by hand or using a computer. Computer simulation enables students to experiment with numerous alternatives to sharpen their intuition regarding variability, process throughput, buffers, productivity, and crew sizing. Managers interested in schedule compression will benefit from understanding work flow variability's impact on succeeding trade performance.",,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999-09-01,Article,"Tommelein, Iris D.;Riley, David R.;Howell, Greg A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-15844364868,10.1080/014461999371051,JJASIPER2 Faeilitating Snftware Maintenanee Aetiyiities With Expliieit Task Re presentatinns,"This paper reports the findings of a study that examined five projects in which implementation of constructability concepts was viewed as a schedule reduction tool. The study attempted to determine the benefits, success factors, and implementation barriers across the case studies. The data suggested that adopting constructability concepts has the potential for significantly reducing the project delivery time compared with the historical performance of the participating companies. Success factors, implementation barriers, and lessons learned were viewed as management, employee, and process-related issues. These issues were ranked further according to their apparent significance in the cases studied. When such a ranking is verified by additional studies, the efforts of present and future implementations will focus on the issues that yield the highest payoffs. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",Constructability | Project delivery time | Project management | Schedule compression | Schedule reduction tools | Time to market | Value engineering,Construction Management and Economics,1999-01-01,Article,"Eldin, Neil N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032598560,10.1109/aero.1999.794353,Live Long and Prosper: Ironic Effects of Behavior on Perceptions of Personal Resources,"We describe how the application of simulation and emulation to the lifecycle of spacecraft software can improve quality and aid in schedule compression and cost reduction. We define various forms of simulation and emulation, describe their various uses over the software development lifecycle, outline our experiences with regards to what can go wrong and right, and discuss how one might insert the technology into a project lifecycle.",,IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference Proceedings,1999-01-01,Article,"Reinholtz, Kirk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2342626763,10.1080/014461998372619,Sociology: A Complete Introduction,"Constructors confronted with the need to compress or accelerate a construction schedule face the potential for extreme difficulties. Unfortunately, a limited knowledge base exists for determining the techniques, methods, or concepts to be employed in mitigating these potential negative outcomes of lower labour productivity rates and higher project costs. This paper explores the impacts of planned and unplanned schedule compression on labour productivity. Additional impacts of schedule compression related to project costs and schedule duration are also evaluated. Telephone interviews and questionnaire surveys primarily were used as the means for data collection to determine which methods of schedule compression identified are most effective in each of the aforementioned areas. Members of the National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) were used as the data source for this investigation because of their diversified experience and because of the support received from NECA management. A number of schedule compression methods are presented that have been shown to be effective.",Electrical contractor | Labour productivity | Planned schedule compression | Project costs | Schedule acceleration | Schedule duration | Unplanned schedule compression,Construction Management and Economics,1998-01-01,Article,"Noyce, David A.;Hanna, Awad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2142824803,10.1108/eb021063,TIME OUT: ORGANIZATIONAL TRAINING FOR IMPROVISATION IN LIFESAVING CRITICAL TEAMS,"The need to provide immediate housing solutions for hundreds of thousands of people in the early 1990's faced the Israeli construction industry with an unprecedented challenge: to multiply overnight its output and drastically cut construction time. It also created a unique opportunity to observe a national-level experiment of great magnitude aimed at meeting that challenge. The present paper reports on a study that examined how construction companies managed to cut housing construction time to half of what had been accepted earlier as a normal pace. This was achieved by implementing an approach that concurrently and integratively treats environment, technology and management determinants, creating a synergetic effect. The present paper introduces and demonstrates the integrative approach to schedule compression, and highlights the role of the environment. © 1998, MCB UP Limited",Construction environment | Construction man-agement | Construction time | Housing construction | Integrative approach | Sche-dule compression,"Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management",1998-01-01,Review,"Laufer, Alexander;Shapira, Aviad;Goren, Itzhak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031334676,,Gender and Growth Assessment-Nigeria: Microeconomic Study,"This paper explores the impacts of planned and unplanned schedule compression on labor productivity. The National Association of Electrical Contractors (NECA) membership was used as the primary data source for this investigation. Using modular or preassembled components, a constructability analysis, and participative management were shown to be the methodologies most effective at maintaining or improving labor productivity in planned schedule compression situations. A shift to smaller crews, staffing the project with the most efficient crews, and using a set-up crew were shown to be the methodologies most effective at maintaining or improving labor productivity in unplanned schedule compression situations. In both cases, scheduled overtime, overstaffing, and second shifts were shown to be the least effective methods.",,ASCE Construction Congress Proceedings,1997-12-01,Conference Paper,"Noyce, David A.;Hanna, Awad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031332614,,Vad är det som tar tid mellan elektiva dagkirurgiska operationer?,The proceedings contains 137 papers from the 1997 ASCE Construction Congress V: Managing Engineered Construction in Expanding Global Markets. Topics discussed include: emerging global opportunities in construction; project delivery systems; mechanical contracting; electrical contracting; innovative underground construction technologies; practical computer applications and technologies in construction; modern residential construction; and construction management and automation.,,ASCE Construction Congress Proceedings,1997-12-01,Conference Review,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012859849,,"A Critical Analysis of the Influence of Time Management to Revenue Generation in the Tourism Sector in Sofala, Mozambique","Kiln-drying of radiata pine sapwood often causes the formation of a brown discoloration, commonly called kiln brown stain. Kiln brown stain develops just under the wood surface in a thin layer but subsequent machining of the lumber exposes the stain. The occurrence of kiln brown stain has caused substantial loss in revenue in New Zealand's high-value radiata pine export markets. In this study, the effect of compression-rolling of radiata pine prior to kilning was investigated as a potential method to control the formation of kiln brown stain, along with its effect on thickness shrinkage and drying time. The results of the study demonstrated that regardless of kiln schedule, compression-rolling significantly reduced the formation of kiln brown stain in the kilning of radiata pine, but increased drying time. In the drying of radiata pine at 90/60°C, rather than at 71/60°C, compression-rolling significantly increased thickness shrinkage from 4.9 to 6.0 percent. The mechanisms of compression-rolling on kiln brown stain formation in the drying of radiata pine are discussed.",,Forest Products Journal,1997-07-01,Article,"Kreber, B.;Haslett, A. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-5244310040,10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1997)123:2(189),The Design of Work as a Key Driver of Work-Life Flexibility for Professionals,"Planned schedule compression can be thought of as a reduction of the normal experienced time or optimal time for the type and size project being considered. In contrast to other forms of schedule compression, planned schedule compression is anticipated and provisions are made before the start of the construction phase of the project. This paper presents the development of the planned schedule compression concept file for electrical contractors. Each concept attempts to provide a significant, distinct, and executable objective for enhancing the construction process and minimizing the impacts of schedule compression. Twenty-nine different concepts are presented, categorically subdivided into seven sections including the organization, materials, equipment and tools, information, labor, support services, and construction methods. Each of these concepts can be effectively used during planned schedule compression situations. Seven concepts, one each involving employee incentives, material handling, vendor performance, equipment and tools, constructability, setup crews, and construction methods, have been selected from the concept file and are presented in their entirety.",,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1997-01-01,Article,"Noyce, David A.;Hanna, Awad S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030194864,10.1080/09537289608930369,Dissertation Abstract Being Present: Expanding Perceptions of Time through Momentary Temporal Focus,"A generated schedule can be improved (especially on due date performance) simply by compressing the current schedule to the left. Additionally, two forms of schedule compression are available, i.e. simple compression and complex compression. In practical considerations, however, knowing exactly where the compression ef?ort should be placed so that the schedule can be improved more efficiently is a relatively difficult task. This decision requires an evaluation methodology, which is the primary objective of this study. The evaluation methodology is based on the priority weight computation for those affected operations. The priority weight computadon is an integrarion of sequence effect weight with time effect weight. The priority weight informarion provides not only where the compression effort should be placed but also the intelligent informadon of (1) the operations related to the compression effort and (2) the time that job(s) can be packed to the left. Specifics of the schedule compression concepts and algorithms of the evaluation methodology are also discussed. © 1996 Taylor & Francis Ltd.",Leitstand | Schedule | Schedule compression | Schedule graph,Production Planning and Control,1996-01-01,Article,"Huei Wu, Horng;Kwei Li, Rong",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029404807,10.1109/32.473215,"Management, Organisations and Film: Management, Work and Organisations","The paper deals with the problem of scheduling the transmission of periodic processes in a distributed FieldBus system, defining the conditions guaranteeing correct transmission. The scheduling of periodic processes fixes the transmission times for each process in a table, whose length is equal to the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of all the periods. This involves great memorization problems when some periods are relatively prime. The authors identify the theoretical conditions which allow the length of the scheduling table to be drastically reduced, but still guarantee correct transmission. On the basis of the theoretical conditions given, the authors present a pre-run-time scheduling algorithm which determines a transmission sequence for each producing process within the desired scheduling interval. An online scheduling algorithm is also proposed to schedule new transmission requests which are made while the system is functioning. The reduction in the schedule length may increase the number of transmissions, thus reducing the effective bandwidth and increasing the communication overload. In order to make as complete an analysis as possible of the scheduling solution, the authors also present an analysis of both the computational complexity of the algorithms proposed and the communication overload introduced. © 1995 IEEE",FieldBus | Process control scheduling | schedule compression | scheduling tables,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1995-01-01,Article,"Cavalieri, Salvatore;Stefano, Antonella Di;Mirabella, Orazio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027545671,10.1139/l93-007,Managing Information in Multiple Spheres of Work,"This paper presents a new method for critical path (CPM) scheduling that optimizes project duration in order to minimize the project total cost. In addition, the method could be used to produce constrained schedules that accommodate contractual completion dates of projects and their milestones. The proposed method is based on the well-known `direct stiffness method' for structural analysis. The method establishes a complete analogy between the structural analysis problem with imposed support settlement and that of project scheduling with imposed target completion date. The project CPM network is replaced by an equivalent structure. The equivalence structure. The equivalence conditions are established such that when the equivalent structure is compressed by an imposed displacement equal to schedule compression, the sum of all members forces represents the additional cost required to achieve such compression. To enable a comparison with the currently used methods, an example application from the literature is analyzed using the proposed method. The results are in close agreement with those obtained using current techniques. In addition, the proposed method has some interesting features: (i) it is flexible, providing a trade-off between required accuracy and computational effort, (ii) it is capable of providing solutions to CPM networks where dynamic programming may not be directly applicable, and (iii) it could be extended to treat other problems including the impact of delays and disruptions on schedule and budget of construction projects.",,Canadian journal of civil engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Moselhi, Osama",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027043697,,"APA Center for Organizational Excellence: Good Company Newsletter: Excuse Me, Do You Have a Moment? Managing Interruptions in the Workplace","The North Slope of Alaska is one of the most costly locations to execute construction projects in the world. As a result, the operators of the North Slope oilfields utilize modular construction techniques, whenever practical, to minimize the amount of construction actually performed on the North Slope. The facilities on the North Slope are capable of producing over 2 million barrels of oil per day. This production involves the separation of oil, gas, and water from the produced crude oil streams and the injection of the water and gas by-products. Natural gas, which is injected into the reservoir after being separated from the crude oil, helps maintain the pressure in the reservoir. The natural-gas-handling capacity on the North Slope exceeds over 400 million cubic meters a day of natural gas. The gas-handling capacity has been incrementally increased to this level, through a variety of projects, as the oil fields have matured. These projects have included a number of very similar modules which house the compressors needed to move and inject the gas. The history of the fabrication of these modules allows the comparison of a set of similar industrial construction projects and view the impact of variables such as schedule compression. This paper will focus on the impacts of schedule compression on the fabrication of compressor modules and compare them to similar modules fabricated on a more relaxed schedule. This paper focuses on workhours due to the timing and contractual differences in the projects. The costs can be determined by extending the workhours with whatever labor costs are appropriate.",,Transactions of the American Association of Cost Engineers,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hawley, Robert S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000139307,10.1016/0950-5849(92)90077-3,Will You Help Me? Tactics for Help Seeking Among Knowledge Workers,"The paper reviews some of the assumptions built into conventional cost models and identifies whether or not there is empirical evidence to support these assumptions. The results indicate that the assumption that there is a nonlinear relationship between size and effort is not supported, but the assumption of a nonlinear relationship between effort and duration is. Second, the assumption that a large number of subjective productivity adjustment factors is necessary is not supported. In addition, it also appears that a large number of size adjustment factors are unnecessary. Third, the assumption that staff experience and/or staff capability are the most significant cost drivers (after allowing for the effect of size) is not supported by the data available to the MERMAID project, but neither can it be confirmed from analysis of the COCOMO data set. Finally, the assumption that compression of schedule decreases productivity was not supported. In fact, none of the models of schedule compression currently included in existing cost models was supported by the data. © 1992.",cost estimation | cost-estimation models | productivity | software cost estimation,Information and Software Technology,1992-01-01,Article,"Kitchenham, BA",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026153225,10.1109/17.78407,Coordinating over time: The micro-processes of integrating creativity and control in a dramatic television production,"Validation of new products during the design and early life stages is vital to successful product introduction to the marketplace. Frequently the duration of validation is either too short (due to schedule compression) or too long (due to minimal corrective action aggressiveness). This article examines a quantitative method of measuring the rate of problem discovery and using it to predict the potential undiscovered problems. The process utilizes historical product problem data and applies factors for product complexity, schedule duration, validation stages, product maturity level, corporate commitment to program success, novelty of design and schedule pressure. Problem discovery trends are developed for historic programs. New products are then scored using these same trends. Predictions can be drawn concerning the new products and their anticipated set of problems. The ability to forecast discovery rates provides significant benefits in terms of substantiated positions for validation duration intensity and resource requirements. Evolution of the problem discovery function process and what improved discovery curves should look like are reviewed with critical discussion. © 1991 IEEE",Analytical modeling | problem discovery function (PDF) | problem occurrence ratio (POR) | problem set | product validation,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1991-01-01,Article,"Zurn, James T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024860762,,Multi-level effects of cognitive and emotional processes on crisis perception and group decision making,"As used in this paper, schedule compression refers to the shortening of the required time for accomplishing engineering, procurement, construction or startup tasks, or a total project, to serve one of three purposes: reducing total design-construct time from that considered normal; accelerating a schedule for owner convenience; and recovering lost time after falling behind schedule. As seen in the discussion, some schedule compression is forced through greater concentration of resources, but much is achieved through improving productivity during available time or by preventing needless loss of time. The paper lists ideas applicable to all phases of a project; to the contracting approach; to construction work management; and to materials management.",,AACE International. Transactions of the Annual Meeting,1989-12-01,Conference Paper,"Neil, James M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024868666,,KARMA-YOGA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORM,"The key to 'on time' project execution lies in the project manager's ability to first identify and then manage the critical path. This article describes the inherent flaws in the practice of forcing a project's tasks to fit a specified time constraint, the significance of the critical path in determining a reasonable expected completion date, and the proper approach to effective schedule compression, the need for a schedule contingency. Methods for establishing and controlling a schedule contingency are also presented.",,AACE International. Transactions of the Annual Meeting,1989-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hamburger, David H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Impact of Ad hoc, Informal Communication on Virtual Team Effectiveness: A Study of IM Usage and Team Collaboration","Project expediting is a term given to the procedure by which project duration can be reduced to the least additional cost. The procedure is also known as 'least-cost scheduling,' 'crashing,' and as 'schedule compression.' Crashing is an optimization procedure to decrease project activity durations to reduce the overall project length. Crashing is an effective technique for determining which activities should be modified in order to hasten a project completion date in the most cost-effective manner. It is a key mitigation tool to limit claim damages. Crashing also acts as an objective and supportable analysis that can be used as the basis for management decisions that affect the course of a construction project. Crashing should be performed with microcomputers since it can be a complex, iterative, and time-consuming procedure. Programs exist today to help project management personnel conduct crashing exercises. The paper describes the time-cost reduction procedure with an example.",,AACE International. Transactions of the Annual Meeting,1989-12-01,Conference Paper,"Querns, Wesley R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34347355464,,Incorporating Human and Machine Interpretation of Unavailability and Rhythm Awareness into the Design of Collaborative Applications,"Efficient coordination of collaboration requires sharing information about collaborators' current and future availability. We describe the usage of an awareness system called Awarenex that shared real-time awareness information to help coordinate activities at the current moment. We also developed a prototype called Lilsys that used sensors to gather additional awareness information that would help avoid disruptions when users are currently unavailable for interaction. Our experiences over time in designing and using prototypes that share awareness cues for current availability led us to identify temporal patterns that could help predict future reachability. Rhythm awareness is having a sense of regularly recurring temporal patterns that can help coordinate interactions among collaborators. Rhythm awareness is difficult to establish within distributed groups that are separated by distance and time zone. We describe rhythmic temporal patterns observed in activity data collected from users of the Awarenex prototype. Analyzing logs of Awarenex usage over time enabled us to construct a computational model of temporal patterns. We explored how to apply those patterns and model to predict future reachability among distributed team members. We discuss trade-offs in the design of collaborative applications that rely on human- and machine-interpretation of rhythm awareness cues. We also conducted a design study that elicited reactions to a variety of end-user visualizations of rhythmic patterns and investigated how well our computational model characterized their everyday routines. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2007-07-06,Article,"Begole, James;Tang, John C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871495619,10.1177/0950017012461837,Not all that it might seem: why job satisfaction is worth studying despite it being,"Interest in data on job satisfaction is increasing in both academic and policy circles. One common way of interpreting these data is to see a positive association between job satisfaction and job quality. Another view is to dismiss the usefulness of job satisfaction data, because workers can often express satisfaction with work where job quality is poor. It is argued that this second view has some validity, but that survey data on job satisfaction and subjective well-being at work are informative if interpreted carefully. If researchers are to come to sensible conclusions about the meaning behind job satisfaction data, information about why workers report job satisfaction is needed. It is in the understanding of why workers report feeling satisfied (or dissatisfied) with their jobs that sociology can make a positive contribution. © The Author(s) 2012.",job quality | job satisfaction | subjective well-being,"Work, Employment and Society",2012-01-01,Article,"Brown, Andrew;Charlwood, Andy;Spencer, David A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85072744093,10.4337/9781785364020,"Corporate Governance, the Firm and Investor Capitalism: Legal-political and Economic Views","The shift from managerial capitalism to investor capitalism, dominated by the finance industry and finance capital accumulation, is jointly caused by a variety of institutional, legal, political, and ideological changes, beginning with the 1970s' downturn of the global economy. This book traces how the incorporation of businesses within the realm of the state leads to both certain benefits, characteristic of competitive capitalism, and to the emergence of new corporate governance problems emerges. Contrasting economic, legal, and managerial views of corporate governance practices in contemporary capitalism, the author examines how corporate governance has been understood and advocated differently during the New Deal era, the post-World War II economic boom, and the after 1980 in the era of free market advocacy.",,"Corporate Governance, The Firm and Investor Capitalism: Legal-Political and Economic Views",2016-10-28,Book,"Styhre, Alexander",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85016330164,10.1057/ejis.2016.8,Four common multicommunicating misconceptions,"Multicommunicating (MC) represents a form of multitasking in which employees such as IS analysts and managers engage in multiple conversations at the same time (e.g., by sending texts while on a telephone call). MC can occur either during group meetings or during one-on-one conversations: the present paper focuses on the latter, termed dyadic MC. MC is increasingly prevalent in the workplace and is often useful in today's business world, for example by making it possible to respond in a timely manner to urgent communications. Nonetheless, the efficacy of MC behaviors can also be questioned as they have been found to negatively affect performance and workplace relationships, as well as causing stress. During our investigations of this phenomenon, we often heard IS practitioners say 'So what? I do this all the time, it's no problem!' which suggests that certain misconceptions regarding MC behaviors may be prevalent. Arising from research findings in multiple disciplines, we examine four such practitioner beliefs regarding MC behaviors: MC makes employees more accessible, it enhances productivity, it is required in most jobs, and rudeness is not an issue when MC. Further, we suggest recommendations to IS employees and managers so that they can better manage MC.",accessibility | habits | multicommunicating | multitasking | productivity | rudeness,European Journal of Information Systems,2016-09-01,Article,"Cameron, Ann Frances;Webster, Jane;Barki, Henri;De Guinea, Ana Ortiz",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Sub-theme 21: Organizational Working Time Regimes: Exploring Dynamics of Persistence and Change,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976285390,,Extending Engineering Practice Research with Shared Qualitative Data.,"Research on engineering practice is scarce and sharing of qualitative research data can reduce the effort required for an aspiring researcher to obtain enough data from engineering workplaces to draw generalizable conclusions, both qualitative and quantitative. This paper describes how a large shareable qualitative data set on engineering practices was accumulated from 350 interviews and 12 field studies performed by the principal investigator and by students conducting PhD and capstone research projects. Ethical research practice required that sharing and reuse of qualitative data be considered from the start. The researchers' interests and methods were aligned to maintain sufficient consistency to support subsequent analysis and re-analysis of data. Analysis helped to answer questions of fundamental significance for engineering educators: what do engineers do, and why are the performances of engineering enterprises so different in South Asia compared with similar enterprises in Australia? Analysis also demonstrated the overwhelming significance of technical collaboration in engineering practice. Conceiving engineering practice as a series of technical collaboration performances requires a more elaborate understanding of social interactions than is currently the case in engineering schools. Another finding is that global engineering competency could be better described in terms of ""working with people who collaborate differently"". Research helped to demonstrate that formal treatment of technical collaboration in an engineering curriculum could help avoid student misconceptions about engineering practice that hinder their subsequent engineering performances.",Engineering education | Engineering practice | Shared qualitative data | Technical collaboration performance,Advances in Engineering Education,2016-01-01,Article,"Trevelyan, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Meeting the demands of graduates' work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,What are Temporal Structures?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945119469,10.4018/978-1-4666-5051-0.ch005,Getting Time to Teach: The Adoption of Online Courses,"This case follows the journey of a researcher as he examines the issue of university professors' time when they teach online courses. It is based on a case study involving semi-structured interviews with 32 university professors who had taught online courses at a Canadian university. The findings indicate that the use of online courses is significantly impacting the amount of time it takes professors to develop courses, teach, and assess students' learning. The researcher also discovers how teaching online changes the daily routine of professors in a number of ways. Some of the increased demands on professors' time may be of a transitional nature given the newness of the means of teaching and the still evolving practice in this area.",,Cases on Critical and Qualitative Perspectives in Online Higher Education,2014-01-31,Book Chapter,"Reid, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Measuring Tasks, Time, and Priorities: A Study of an Alternative School Leader in Action",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Temporal patterns of communication in the workplace,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Applying Dynamic Causal Mining in Retailing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Expand Your Breath, Expand Your Time: Slow Controlled Breathing Boosts Time Affluence",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,McGeorge Law Review,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Attention Management: A Survey,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Under Pressure: Impacts of front-line employee stress on service delivery to minority students,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898212964,10.4018/978-1-60566-208-4.ch015,"Living, Working, Teaching and Learning by Social Software","This chapter explores emergent behaviours in the use of social software across multiple online communities of practice where informal learning occurs beyond traditional higher education (HE) institutional boundaries. Employing a combination of research literature, personal experience and direct observation, the authors investigate the blurring of boundaries between work/home/play as a result of increased connectivity and hyper availability in the ""information age"". Exploring the potentially disruptive nature of new media, social software and social networking practices, the authors ask what coping strategies are employed by the individual as their online social networks and learning communities increase in number and density? What are the implications for the identity and role of the tutor in online HE learning environments characterised by multiple platforms and fora? The authors conclude by posing a series of challenges for the HE sector and its participants in engaging with social software and social networking technologies. © 2009, IGI Global.",,Handbook of Research on Social Software and Developing Community Ontologies,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Keegan, Helen;Lisewski, Bernard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85026858369,10.1073/pnas.1706541114,Buying time promotes happiness,"Around the world, increases in wealth have produced an unintended consequence: a rising sense of time scarcity. We provide evidence that using money to buy time can provide a buffer against this time famine, thereby promoting happiness. Using large, diverse samples from the United States, Canada, Denmark, and The Netherlands (n = 6,271), we show that individuals who spend money on time-saving services report greater life satisfaction. A field experiment provides causal evidence that working adults report greater happiness after spending money on a time-saving purchase than on a material purchase. Together, these results suggest that using money to buy time can protect people from the detrimental effects of time pressure on life satisfaction.",Happiness | Money | Time | Well-being,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017-08-08,Article,"Whillans, Ashley V.;Dunn, Elizabeth W.;Smeets, Paul;Bekkers, Rene;Norton, Michael I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Virginia Fisher,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"This paper is a substantially revised version of HBS Working Paper# 01-023,"" The Influence of Time Pressure on Creative Thinking in Organizations.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managers' Tendency to Work Longer Hours: A Multilevel Analysis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Organizational Context and Multitasking Behaviors: a mixed-Method Study.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM 2004,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929667517,10.1108/IJM-12-2012-0185,Unpaid overtime in the Netherlands: forward-or backward-looking incentives?,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test forward-looking incentives against backward-looking incentives. Design/methodology/approach – Wage growth model to estimate forward-looking effects of unpaid overtime and a probit model of participation in unpaid overtime controlling for excessive pay to estimate backward-looking effects. The authors use data form the OSA labour supply panel (years 1994, 1996 and 1998). Findings – The importance of backward-looking incentives is demonstrated in an empirical analysis of participation in unpaid overtime. The authors show that employees who have relatively good wages now or who have had relatively good wages in the recent past participate more often in unpaid overtime. The authors also show that participation in unpaid overtime does not lead to extra wage growth. Research limitations/implications – These results imply that involvement in unpaid overtime is to be explained from backward-looking incentives, not from forward-looking incentives. The paper concludes that backward-looking incentives deserve more attention in the economic literature, especially as they are well-accepted as work motivation devices by employees. Limitations are the length of the panel study (four years) and the fact that the data are restricted to one country (the Netherlands). Social implications – Personnel policies should focus more on the intrinsic motivation of personnel rather than on extrinsic motivation. Originality/value – This is the first paper to test both forward- and backward-looking incentives simultaneously.",Careers | Compensation | Employee behaviour | Financial benefits | Hours of work | Human resource management | Motivation (psychology),International Journal of Manpower,2015-06-01,Article,"van der Meer, Peter H.;Wielers, Rudi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,It's About Time (for the Next Task): Time Available and Next Task Valence Interact to Explain Velocity's Influence on Affect,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,How Do Knowledge Processes Support Innovation in the Sportswear Industry?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Jij g4 gg7 ARCHIVES (Real title is ""Market, Technical, and Social Overlap in Technology Collaborations and Consortia""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Forthcoming in the Academy of Management Review (2003),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84898538014,10.4018/978-1-60566-176-6.ch026,Temporality and Knowledge Work,"The hi-tech firms that predominate in Silicon Valley contain a large proportion of knowledge workers-employees with high levels of education and expertise. The region is subsequently a useful prism by which to explore the shift in the pace of work and ideologies of labor control. Engineers in Silicon Valley are a prototypical example of ""knowledge workers;"" they are valued for their ability to contribute to firms' competitive advantage via their expertise and innovation. This chapter reports on fifty four semi-structured interviews of high-skilled, white and Asian men and women engineers who worked in the hi-tech industry of Silicon Valley, focusing on the issue of work temporality. Temporality has long been understood as central to the labor process, and as inextricably linked to the mode of production. Here, I highlight the problematic aspects of the shift from the routinized schedule of ""clock time"", characterized by rigid temporal boundaries between work and home, and ""project time,"" characterized by an erratic and increasing pace of work that appears to be largely unfettered by boundaries between private and work time. © 2009, IGI Global.",,Handbook of Research on Knowledge-Intensive Organizations,2009-12-01,Book Chapter,"Shih, Johanna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84906081881,10.1111/soc4.12194,Who's controlling who? Personal communication devices and work,"Personal communication devices have long been part of work life. In recent decades, the range of modes available has proliferated and their use has became widespread. This article examines the ways that personal communication devices have shaped workers' experience of work. It reviews four key areas of research on this topic: the ability to work in new times and spaces; the relationship between work and personal life; the fragmentation of work; and the pace and intensity of work. The article highlights how the issue of control is critical when attempting to understand the how and why of any effects arising from workers' use of these technologies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",,Sociology Compass,2014-01-01,Article,"Rose, Emily",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Parents as consumers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates performance in challenging situations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of deadline reminders on task efficiency in project management: AQ methodology study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Multi-Tasking Shopper: Mobile Eye-Tracking and In-Store Decision Making,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Temporal workplace flexibility need: Forms and effects on selected employee organizational citizenship behaviors of discretionary effort, loyalty and intent to leave",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Don't spread yourself too thin.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Advances in Developing Human,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Facebook Interruptions in the Workplace from a Media Uses Perspective: A Longitudinal Analysis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58749113827,10.7202/019545ar,and Emergent Modes of Labour Regulation,"As the global economy undergoes a major transformation, the inadequacy of labour relations theories dating back to Fordism, especially the systemic analysis model (Dunlop, 1958) and the strategic model (Kochan, Katz and McKersie, 1986), in which only three actors - union, employer and State - share the stage is becoming increasingly obvious. A good example is provided by companies offering information technology services to businesses, where new means of regulation emerge and illustrate the need to incorporate new actors and new issues if we are to account for its contemporary complexity. A survey of 88 professionals has revealed regulation practices that call into question the traditional boundaries of the industrial relations system from two points of view: that of the three main actors, by bringing the customer and work teams onto the stage, and that of the distinction between the contexts and the system itself. © RI/IR, 2008.",,Relations Industrielles,2008-01-01,Article,"Legault, Marie Josée;Bellemare, Guy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Department of Communication Systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,24 Facebook Interruptions in the Workplace from A Longitudinal Analysis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Effective management of single projects does not suffice in today's organizations. Instead, the managerial focus in firms has shifted toward simultaneous management …",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Collaboration, Teams and Productivity: Empirical Studies of Hospitalists",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85022230706,10.1007/978-3-319-60018-5_3,Time and Control in Teachers' Work-The Erosion of Rhythms,"This paper investigates how temporalities and rhythms in teaching are related to mental strain and wellbeing. The temporality of teachers’ work is currently changing in many countries due to public sector cutbacks and new ways of teaching. This article will examine psychosocial strain related to changes in the temporal order of work among teachers in Denmark. A 2014 change in Danish legislation forced teachers to conduct all their work at their school. This caused the largest labor marked conflict seen in Denmark for many years, and the largest ever seen in the public sector. Before this change in legislation, teachers were free to organize all their time outside the scheduled teaching, such as the time and place for preparation, meetings, contact with parents and other professionals in the school system. Preparation norms, which previously have been negotiated, was abolished and put under managerial control in terms of number of hours allocated to tasks. This fundamentally different organization of time is examined using qualitative data. The chapter draws on concepts from both psychosocial working environment research and the sociology of time. The aim is to study the changes in the rhythmic relationship between different types of tasks, division of labor, rhythms of time for socializing, communication practices, coordination, synchronization, etc.",Control | Rhythms | Temporality Intensity | Time conflicts | Work life balance,Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing,2018-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lund, Henrik",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Email as an Escape to Reality in the Navy: Information Technology and the Nature of Total Institutions,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Dads in the workplace: how men juggle jobs and kids,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Exploring employee perceptions of identity and culture: A case study of Shell Nigeria,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Design of Work as a Key Driver of Work-Life Flexibility for Professionals,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Improving the Management of Controllers' Interruptions through the Working Awareness Interruption Tool: WAIT,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870676604,,RFID-enabled process capabilities and its impacts on healthcare process performance: A multi-level analysis,"In recent years, hospitals have begun to invest in RFID systems to control costs, reduce errors, and improve quality of care. Despite the obvious benefits of RFID in healthcare settings, potential obstacles to effective deployment also exist. The purpose of this study is to systematically understand how hospitals can apply RFID to transform work practices and address cost, safety, and quality of care issues, most notably in inventory management. We leverage an interdisciplinary framework to explore adoption and use of RFID at multiple levels of analysis and adopt a multi-method approach to explore the research questions guiding this study. Our study is expected to contribute to a growing body of research related to the adoption and use of IT in healthcare settings and the enabling role of IT for innovating work practices and improving process performance.",Healthcare is | IT adoption | IT-enabled process capabilities | Multi-level analysis | RFID,"17th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2009",2009-12-01,Conference Paper,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Effects of distractions on decision-making processes and outcomes,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Striving for the best of both worlds: the moderating role of gender and organizational citizenship behavior on non-work related activities,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The efficacy of multiple, large displays in the OR in reducing error due to the potentially detrimental impact of communication interruptions",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85066935749,10.1177/0956797619844231,Attention Increases Emotional Intensity,"Attention and emotion are fundamental psychological systems. It is well established that emotion intensifies attention. Three experiments reported here (N = 235) demonstrated the reversed causal direction: Voluntary visual attention intensifies perceived emotion. In Experiment 1, participants repeatedly directed attention toward a target object during sequential search. Participants subsequently perceived their emotional reactions to target objects as more intense than their reactions to control objects. Experiments 2 and 3 used a spatial-cuing procedure to manipulate voluntary visual attention. Spatially cued attention increased perceived emotional intensity. Participants perceived spatially cued objects as more emotionally intense than noncued objects even when participants were asked to mentally rehearse the name of noncued objects. This suggests that the intensifying effect of attention is independent of more extensive mental rehearsal. Across experiments, attended objects were perceived as more visually distinctive, which statistically mediated the effects of attention on emotional intensity.",affect | attention | distinctiveness | emotion | judgment | open data | open materials | visual search,Psychological Science,2019-06-01,Article,"Mrkva, Kellen;Westfall, Jacob;Van Boven, Leaf",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925760701,10.1016/j.respol.2015.01.019,Exploring the relationship between multiple team membership and team performance: the role of social networks and collaborative technology,"Firms devoted to research and development and innovative activities intensively use teams to carry out knowledge intensive work and increasingly ask their employees to be engaged in multiple teams (e.g., R&D project teams) simultaneously. The literature has extensively investigated the antecedents of single teams performance, but has largely overlooked the effects of multiple team membership (MTM), i.e., the participation of a focal team's members in multiple teams simultaneously, on the focal team outcomes. In this paper we examine the relationships between team performance, MTM, the use of collaborative technologies (instant messaging), and work-place social networks (external advice receiving). The data collected in the R&D unit of an Italian company support the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between MTM and team performance such that teams whose members are engaged simultaneously in few or many teams experience lower performance. We found that receiving advice from external sources moderated this relationship. When MTM is low or high, external advice receiving has a positive effect, while at intermediate levels of MTM it has a negative effect. Finally, the average use of instant messaging in the team also moderated the relationship such that at low levels of MTM, R&D teams whose members use instant messaging intensively attain higher performance while at high levels of MTM an intense use of instant messaging is associated with lower team performance. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications for innovative firms engaged in multitasking work scenarios.",Collaborative technologies | External advice receiving | Instant messaging | Multiple team membership (MTM) | R&D team performance | Social networks,Research Policy,2015-05-01,Article,"Bertolotti, Fabiola;Mattarelli, Elisa;Vignoli, Matteo;Macrì, Diego Maria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548234162,10.1145/1188835.1188849,JASPER: An Eclipse Plug-In to Facilitate Software Maintenance Tasks,"Recent research has shown that developers spend significant amounts of time navigating around code. Much of this time is spent on redundant navigations to code that the developer previously found. This is necessary today because existing development environments do not enable users to easily collect relevant information, such as web pages, textual notes, and code fragments. JASPER is a new system that allows users to collect relevant artifacts into a working set for easy reference. These artifacts are visible in a single view that represents the user's current task and allows users to easily make each artifact visible within its context. We predict that JASPER will significantly reduce time spent on redundant navigations. In addition, JASPER will facilitate multitasking, interruption management, and sharing task information with other developers. © 2006 ACM.",Concerns | Eclipse | Natural programming | Programmer efficiency | Programming environments,"Proceedings of the 2006 OOPSLA Workshop on Eclipse Technology eXchange, ETX 2006",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Coblenz, Michael J.;Ko, Andrew J.;Myers, Brad A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Methods Used in Undergraduate Study Programmes for Tourism and Sustainability at the University of Latvia,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Brenda A. Lautsch,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,12. WORK-BASED LEARNING UNDER TIME PRESSURE,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reasoning effectively under uncertainty for human-computer teamwork,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Organizational Control and the Social Construction of the Body: A Longitudinal Study of Investment Bankers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Flexible Work Arrangements: Embracing the Noise to Understand the Silence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Control in Boundaryless,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Market, technical, and social overlap in technology collaborations and consortia",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Too Busy to Lose Control: Impact of Busyness on Indulgent Consumption Behaviors,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Time perspectives in tightly coupled, exploitative organizations",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897747795,,How soon is now? Theorising temporality in Information Systems research,"Time is an inherent quality of human life and the temporal nature of our being in this world has fundamentally shaped our knowledge and understanding of it: the concept of time pervades everyday language: ""time is of the essence""; ""timing is everything""; and ""a stitch in time saves nine"". Thus, many disciplines are concerned with Time - physics of course, and also history, philosophy, psychology, computer science, communication studies and media. Nevertheless, our understanding of it is fundamentally limited because our consciousness moves along it. The goal of this paper is to develop a conceptualization of time that can be used to investigate the impact of temporality on the design, development, adoption and use of Information Systems and to trace the societal and business impact of that association. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office. All rights reserved.",Key issues | Qualitative research | Theory building | Time pressure,International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design,2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Riordan, Niamh O.;Conboy, Kieran;Acton, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The magazine archive includes every article published in Communications of the ACM for over the past 50 years. (Real title: ""A Firm Foundation for Private Data Analysis""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"THE DYNAMISM IN WORK-CULTURE, SYSTEMS AND ORGANISATIONAL ENVIRONMENT",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Life Balance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Worker Time Use and the Duration of Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Preference Reversal of Indulgent Rewards As a Dynamic Self-Control Mechanism,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Representing Talent: Hollywood Agents and the Making of Movies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An analysis of temperamental fit and flow in Nordea region south,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85019182973,10.1108/IJILT-09-2016-0046,Impact of antecedent factors on collaborative technologies usage among academic researchers in Malaysian research universities,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of antecedent factors on collaborative technologies usage among academic researchers in Malaysian research universities. Design/methodology/approach: Data analysis was conducted on data collected from 156 academic researchers from five Malaysian research universities. This study employed an extensive quantitative approach of a structural equation modeling method to evaluate the research model and to test the hypotheses. Findings: The main findings of this study are that personal innovativeness, task-technology fit, and perceived peer usage are significant predictors of individual usage of collaborative technologies; perceived managerial support and subjective norm were found not to be significant predictors to perceived usefulness and individual usage; and perceived usefulness is a significant mediator to individual usage in that it had fully mediated personal innovativeness whereas partially mediated peer usage. Practical implications: The results provide practical insights into how the Malaysian higher education sector and other research organizations of not-for-profit structure could enhance their collaborative technologies usage. Originality/value: This research is perhaps the first that concentrates on collaborative technologies usage in Malaysian research universities.",Academic researchers | Collaborative technologies | Malaysia | Research universities,International Journal of Information and Learning Technology,2017-01-01,Article,"Mohd Daud, Norzaidi;Zakaria, Halimi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An analysis of time-use patterns of primary school teachers in Tasmania,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85054005276,10.1186/s13731-014-0013-1,Ethnic minority entrepreneurship: an examination of Pakistani entrepreneurs in the UK,"This paper discusses the findings from a pilot study which forms part of a larger, on-going study considering the nature of family dynamics in ethnic minority-owned family businesses based in the UK. The paper explains the cultural theoretical framework for the study and highlights some of the cultural aspects identified in one Pakistani family business. Ethnic minority entrepreneurs, including those of Pakistani, Indian, Asian and Caribbean descent, are making significant contributions to UK economic development. Previous studies (JEMS 27(2), 241–258, 2001; http://ssrn.com/abstract=1496219, 1990) have shown that in the UK, the number of ethnic minority start-ups is high compared to other groups. However, the contribution of migrant entrepreneurs has been largely neglected by both entrepreneurship researchers (EURS 11(1), 27–46, 2004; EPGP 7(1), 153–172, 1989) and family business researchers. The unit of study for the investigation is the family. Investigations where the family is the unit of study are relatively unusual in the family business literature, and there have been recent calls for more studies of this type (FBR 22, 216–219, 2009). This study extends the work of (IJEBR 10(1/2), 12–33, 2004) by looking in depth at the impact of culture and family on entrepreneurial aspirations in the context of UK-based, Pakistani, family-owned businesses. The pilot study sought to determine the entrepreneurial nature of Pakistani family businesses based in the UK, focusing particularly on the cultural aspects of the family in order to understand the differences between the Pakistani and UK contexts. This study contributes to our knowledge as it is, as far as the authors are aware, the first case study to focus on the family in a Pakistani family business in the UK SME sector. It not only explores the cultural and individual struggles experienced by the brothers in the family but also exposes the extreme work-life imbalance that exists in small, family-run businesses and demonstrates the effects that this has on all involved. It offers a unique insight into the business culture and personal culture in a Pakistani-owned family firm, thereby casting light on an aspect of British Pakistani life which is currently under-researched.",Entrepreneurship | Ethnic minority | Family business | Migrant entrepreneurs | Pakistani,Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,2015-12-01,Article,"Collins, Lorna A.;Fakoussa, Rebecca",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85006733611,10.1108/JD-03-2016-0028,Re-conceiving time in reference and information services work: a qualitative secondary analysis,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to use the sociology of time to understand how time is perceived by academic librarians who provide reference and information service (RIS). Design/methodology/approach: This study is a qualitative secondary analysis (QSA) of two phenomenological studies about the experience of RIS in academic libraries. The authors used QSA to re-analyze the interview transcripts to develop themes related to the perception of time. Findings: Three themes about the experience of time in RIS work were identified. Participants experience time as discrete, bounded moments but sometimes experience threads through these moments that provide continuity, time is framed as a commodity that weighs on the value of the profession, and time plays an integral part of participants’ narratives and professional identities. Research limitations/implications: Given that the initial consent processes vary across organizations and types of studies, the researchers felt ethically compelled to share only excerpts from each study’s data, rather than the entire data set, with others on the research team. Future qualitative studies should consider the potential for secondary analysis and build data management and sharing plans into the initial study design. Practical implications: Most discussions of time in the literature are presented as a metric – time to answer a query, time to conduct a task – The authors offer a more holistic understanding of time and its relationship to professional work. Social implications: The methodology taken in this paper makes sense of the experiences of work in RIS for librarians. It identifies commonalities between the experience of time and work for RIS professionals and those of other professionals, such as physicians and software engineers. It suggests revising models for RIS, as well as some professional values. Originality/value: This paper contributes a better understanding of time, understudied as a phenomenon that is experienced or perceived, among RISs providers in academic libraries. The use of secondary qualitative analysis is an important methodological contribution to library and information science studies.",Academic libraries | Phenomenology | Qualitative secondary analysis | Reference services | Secondary analysis | Sociology of time,Journal of Documentation,2017-01-01,Article,"Bossaller, Jenny;Burns, Christopher Sean;VanScoy, Amy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Timely Co-Generation and Sharing of Knowledge,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Causes and effects of project switching within IT organisations in South Africa,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Communicating in Digital Age Corporations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874128249,,Time Management: An Insight with Indian Perspective,"Human beings have made this world a glorious place to live in at the cost of indulging himself without the least restraint in a world haunted by the twin demons of speed and complexity. Faced with ever increasing demands on the limited time at his disposal, modern man sitting amidst a mountain of wealth and prosperity lives a life of worry, anxiety and dissatisfaction and often looks towards management gurus for solutions. Through this study, the researchers aim to gain deep understanding and insights into time- management and self- management, fascinating interplay between them and the broader Indian perspective on self-management. These aspects of self management and self- development have long been pointed out and highlighted by Indian scriptures and great spiritual masters. Moreover, our Indian Vedanta provides an exhaustive science of effective living by focusing on these aspects in subtle manner. It helps us to understand ourselves and the world.",,Purushartha,2012-01-01,Article,"Satija, Sarvesh;Satija, Preetika",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Pure Versus Hybrid Strategies: On Exploring the Limits of Adaptability,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Unexpected Distractions: Stimulation or Disruption to Creativity,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85021240451,10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01030,Help Others and Yourself Eventually: Exploring the Relationship between Help-Giving and Employee Creativity under the Model of Perspective Taking,"Although a plethora of studies have examined the antecedents of creativity, empirical studies exploring the role of individual behaviors in relation to creativity are relatively scarce. Drawing on the model of perspective taking, this study examines the relationship between help-giving during creative problem solving process and employee creativity. Specifically, we test perspective taking as an explanatory mechanism and propose organization-based self-esteem as the moderator. In a sample collected from a field survey of 247 supervisor-subordinate dyads from 2 large organizations in China at 3 time points, we find that help-giving during creative problem solving process positively related with perspective taking; perspective taking positively related with employees' creativity; employees' organization-based self-esteem strengthened the link between perspective taking and creativity; besides, there existed a moderated mediation effect. We conclude this paper with discussions on the implications for theory, research, and practice.",Creativity | Help-giving | Organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) | Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) | Perspective taking,Frontiers in Psychology,2017-01-01,Article,"Li, Si;Liao, Shudi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Giving Time Gives You More Time,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The value of the business coach: Exploratory analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring and perceptions of entrepreneurial readiness,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"More Tasks, More Ideas: The Energy Spillover of Multitasking on Subsequent Creativity",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Ask me anything: A digital (auto) ethnography of Reddit. com,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029851790,,Between security and professional exclusion,,,Concurrences,2016-01-01,Article,"Marty, Frédéric",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Gaston R. Cangiano,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946097733,10.1108/AAAJ-02-2015-1984,Illusio and overwork: playing the game in the accounting field,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand: how and why do experienced professionals, who perceive themselves as autonomous, comply with organizational pressures to overwork? Unlike previous studies of professionals and overwork, the authors focus on experienced professionals who have achieved relatively high status within their firms and the considerable economic rewards that go with it. Drawing on the little used Bourdieusian concept of illusio, which describes the phenomenon whereby individuals are “taken in and by the game” (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992), the authors help to explain the “autonomy paradox” in professional service firms. Design/methodology/approach – This research is based on 36 semi-structured interviews primarily with experienced male and female accounting professionals in France. Findings – The authors find that, in spite of their levels of experience, success, and seniority, these professionals describe themselves as feeling helpless and trapped, and experience bodily subjugation. The authors explain this in terms of individuals enhancing their social status, adopting the breadwinner role, and obtaining and retaining recognition. The authors suggest that this combination of factors cause professionals to be attracted to and captivated by the rewards that success within the accounting profession can confer. Originality/value – As well as providing fresh insights into the autonomy paradox the authors seek to make four contributions to Bourdieusian scholarship in the professional field. First, the authors highlight the strong bodily component of overwork. Second, the authors raise questions about previous work on cynical distancing in this context. Third, the authors emphasize the significance of the pursuit of symbolic as well as economic capital. Finally, the authors argue that, while actors’ habitus may be in a state of “permanent mutation”, that mutability is in itself a sign that individuals are subject to illusio.",Accounting firms | Compliance | Habitus | Illusio | Overwork | Pierre Bourdieu,"Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal",2015-10-19,Article,"Lupu, Ioana;Empson, Laura",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,What'S Next? Anticipated Consumption Variety: Borrowing Affect From the Future to Slow Satiation in the Present,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Monitoring Software Development Teams in the Academia,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"A CIAR study in a male dominated ICT Company in Malta which looks at work-life issues through the masculine lens: a case of: if it ain't broke, don't fix it?",,,,,,,Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890003298,10.1007/978-3-642-16199-5_8,What to Expect When She's Expecting,"There has been extensive writing both in the popular press and the academic literature on the unique work-life challenges of professional working mothers. Professional working mothers often must manage competing gender biases-being perceived as cold-hearted (Cuddy et al., 2004) or worse, bad mothers (Epstein et al., 1999) on one hand and less committed to their work roles (Correll et al., 2007) on the other. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",,Creating Balance?: International Perspectives on the Work-Life Integration of Professionals,2011-12-01,Book Chapter,"Ladge, Jamie J.;Greenberg, Danna;Clair, Judith A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84963944530,10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111245,"Time in Individual-Level Organizational Studies: What is it, How is it Used, and Why isn't it Exploited More Often?","Time is an important concern in organizational science, yet we lack a systematic review of research on time within individual-level studies. Following a brief introduction, we consider conceptual ideas about time and elaborate on why temporal factors are important for micro-organizational studies. Then, in two sections - one devoted to time-related constructs and the other to the experience of time as a within-person phenomenon - we selectively review both theoretical and empirical studies. On the basis of this review, we note which topics have received more or less attention to inform our evaluation of the current state of research on time. Finally, we develop an agenda for future research to help move micro-organizational research to a completely temporal view.",change | dynamic | longitudinal | temporal | time | timing,Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,2015-01-01,Review,"Shipp, Abbie J.;Cole, Michael S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Guided real time sampling using mobile electronic diaries,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,CHAPTER FIFTEEN IT'SA WORK-CENTRAL WORLD AND THEY'RE JUST VISITING: FAMILY-CENTRAL EMPLOYEES IN ORGANIZATIONS,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85156594768,10.1007/978-3-662-44214-2_2,Project Lifecycles: Challenges in and Approaches to Process Design from a Psychological Perspective,"The purpose of this chapter is to explore useful psychological approaches for process design within the various phases of a project’s lifecycle. The pitfalls encountered during projects will be examined in order to illustrate how project leaders can develop appropriate strategies which they can, in turn, use to make their projects more successful.",Emotional Competence | Implementation Phase | Problem Definition | Project Leader | Project Team,Management for Professionals,2015-01-01,Book Chapter,"Schneider, Michael;Wastian, Monika;Kronenberg, Marilyn",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Work rhythm, flow and success in a project: a case study research",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85050729866,10.4324/9780429501524,Essays on the Economics of Communication,"Many governments are pursuing with relentless vigor a neoconservative/transnational corporate program of globalization, privatization, deregulation, cutbacks to social programs, and down-sizing of the public sector. Countries are forming into giant ""free trade"" blocs. Increasingly they lack the will and desire to resist encroachments of world ""superculture."" Furthermore, they encourage heightened commoditization of information and knowledge, for instance through stiffer intellectual property laws, through ""Information Highway"" initiatives, and through provisions in bilateral and multilateral trade treaties. The analytical underpinning, and ideological justification for this neoconservative/transnational corporate policy agenda is mainstream (neoclassical) economics. Focusing on the centrality of information/communication to economic and ecological processes, Communication and the Transformation of Economics cuts at the philosophical/ideological root of this neoconservative policy agenda. Mainstream economics assumes a commodity status for information, even though information is indivisible, subjective, shared, and intangible. Information, in other words, is quite ill-suited to commodity treatment. Likewise, neoclassicism posits communication as comprising merely acts of commodity exchange, thereby ignoring gift relations, dialogic interactions, the cumulative, transformative properties of all informational interchange, and the social or community context within which communicative action takes place. Continuing in the tradition of writers such as Russel Wallace, Thorstein Veblen, Karl Polyani, E. F. Schumacher, Kenneth E. Boulding, and Herman Daly, Robert Babe proposes infusing mainstream economics with realistic and expansive conceptions of information/communication in order to better comprehend twentyfirst century issues and progress toward a more sustainable, more just, more humane, and more democratic economic/communicatory order.",,"Communication and the Transformation of Economics: Essays in Information, Public Policy, and Political Economy",2018-01-01,Book,"Babe, Robert E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937111243,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.08.003,Interruption management and office norms: Technology adoption lessons from a product commercialization study,"This paper explores factors that influence technology adoption in an office environment, with an emphasis on technology aimed at managing focused and collaborative work by reducing unwelcome interruptions for its users. Based on surveys, focus groups, and usability studies, our findings suggest that workplace social norms play a pivotal role in the adoption and use of interruption management technologies. Our findings display a marked lag of social norms behind the importance placed on uninterrupted time by individuals; even when individuals see the efficacy of the technology, they often misjudge their peers' attitudes, underestimating their colleagues' similar needs. In spite of high levels of perceived usefulness reported by our participants, need and ease of use alone were insufficient to predict uptake; when technology has implications for the office behavioral environment, it must be supported by social norms encouraging adoption. Our results further suggest that feedback, which actively engages a product's user, could be crucial to encouraging prolonged use and enhancing the user experience. Although the findings are drawn from a pre-commercialization study of an interruption management technology, they are broadly relevant to technology adoption cases, with special salience for those within the office context. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.",Feedback | Interruption | Productivity | Social norms | Technology adoption,International Journal of Information Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Donmez, Birsen;Matson, Zannah;Savan, Beth;Farahani, Ellie;Photiadis, David;Dafoe, Joanna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Jobs which accommodate work-life needs (Real title: Membership Has its Privileges? Contracting and Access to Jobs that Accommodate Work-Life Needs),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Flexible workers: how about their distractions and concentration?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,TIME IN RETAIL SECTOR: PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF BRAZILIAN MANAGERS AND SELLERS,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Promoting employee engagement through managers' strategic use of meetings,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Center for Creative Inquiry,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,IS THERE A LIFE FOR THE “INTRAPRENEUR” AFTER COMPANY START-UP? THE CASE OF A RESEARCH BASED SPIN-OFF,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,When Public Relations and Particle Physics Collide: An Ethnographically Informed Account of Life in the CERN Communications Group,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Fast times at InnoTech: mandating the speed of entrepreneurial work in an accelerator,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-23844490219,10.1207/s15327051hci2001&2_7,Pricing Electronic Mail to Solve the Problem of Spam,"Junk e-mail or spam is rapidly choking off e-mail as a reliable and efficient means of communication over the Internet. Although the demand for human attention increases rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of attention hardly changes. Markets are a social institution for efficiently allocating supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also credibly inform recipients about the value of a message to the sender before they read it. This article examines economic approaches to the problem of spam and the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for e-mail causes senders to be more selective and to send fewer messages. However, recipients did not interpret the postage paid by senders as a signal of the importance of the messages. These results suggest that markets for attention have the potential for addressing the problem of spam but their design needs further development and testing. Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",,Human-Computer Interaction,2005-08-26,Article,"Kraut, Robert E.;Sunder, Shyam;Telang, Rahul;Morris, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania 3620 Locust Walk, Suite 2000 SH/DH Philadelphia, PA 19104-6370 bergj@ wharton. upenn. edu",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Unexpected Distractions: Stimulation or Disruption for Creativity,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Complex consumption: An analysis of American eating practices,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"9 How being mindful impacts individuals' work-family balance, conflict, and enrichment: of existing evidence, mechanisms and future directions",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,COMMUNICATING,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Personality Types of Managers in Development of Intelligent Systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The eB USINESS Center,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,In sync over distance: flexible coordination through communication in geographically distributed software development work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Workplace Hassles from Interruptions Measure (WHIM),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Innovation at large,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A CLOCKWORK ORgANisation: Proposing a new theory of organisational temporality,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Employee social liability–more than just low social capital within the workplace,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85021795314,10.1177/1541931213601295,An Initial Look at the Effects of Interruptions On Strain,"Interruptions cost companies millions of dollars per year (Spira & Feintuch, 2005), in lost time and errors. Not only are interruptions detrimental to the immediate productivity of the worker, but they have been suggested to be significant workplace stressors. This study aims to determine whether it is the objective experience of an intrusion that results in strain, as some may suggest or whether, as the transactional model of stress would suggest, it is the perceptions of intrusions that result in strain. Overall, these findings suggest that it is the perception of intrusions, not necessarily the intrusion itself that results in strain. This indicates that when it comes to strain outcomes, it is the subjective, rather than the objective, experience of an intrusion that matters.",,Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fletcher, Keaton A.;Bedwell, Wendy L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Defining Employee Perceptions of Discretion: When, Where, and How",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Strategies in Response to the Stress of Higher Status Phyllis Moen, Jack Lam",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Congruity discrepancies in knowledge intensive work, and its impact on flow",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Brothers in business,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Academic time diaries: Measuring what Australian academics actually do,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Space, place, and disorder in urban Emergency Medical Services work",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Lighting up the effects of individual temporal characteristics and temporal leadership on individual NPD effectiveness,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,From Subjectivity to Method: Countertransference and the Role of Dreams in Organizational Ethnography,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,AC 2008-472: A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING ENGINEERING PRACTICE,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing interruptions in virtual collaboration: an empirical study in the textile business,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Assessment of the Individual Work Organization During a Service Provision,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Technology-assisted Supplemental Work: An Empirical Examination of Its Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Ewa Wikström & Lotta Dellve,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Knowledge boundary spanning in virtual teams,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Student stress exposure: A daily path perspective on the connections among cognition, place, and the socio-environment",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Arbetets geografi,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Influence of Nutrition Information on Sequential Consumption Decisions For Indulgent Food,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,DRAFT November 2007,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Understanding the Power of Reflection,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,RESISTANCE OR DEVIANCE?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84990236917,10.1177/0730888416655187,Be Careful What You Wish For: The Learning Imperative in Postindustrial Work,"Learning at work is usually seen as beneficial for the professional and personal lives of workers. In this article, we propose that learning’s relationship to worker well-being may be more complicated. We posit that learning can become a burden (instead of always being a benefit) in occupations that are learning intensive and tightly associated with the postindustrial economy. Results of analyses using data from the General Social Survey suggest that learning lessens work–family conflict by increasing job satisfaction, but at the same time, learning makes work–family conflict worse by leading people to work longer hours and exacerbating work-related stress.",job demands-resources model | knowledge work | learning in the workplace | stress of higher status | work–family conflict,Work and Occupations,2016-11-01,Article,"Valdés, Gonzalo;Barley, Stephen R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Navigating the tensions of flexible work: An exploration of the individual strategies employed by flexibly working parents,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015231206,10.1007/s12205-017-1173-x,How does work activity affect quality of life?: A spatial analysis of trip chain behavior,"South Koreans work for the longest hours among OECD member states. Lack of discretionary time due to such long working hours becomes a serious social issue as they are related to the quality of life. It is however difficult to directly correlate the work duration to the quality of life. Rather, it is more informative to know how people use time for activities other than work under time pressure when evaluating the quality of life. Travel is derived from such activities that are constrained under time pressure. This paper aims to explore how work duration affects activity patterns by analyzing travel behavior. To this end, the study identified trip chain types using the 2010 Household Travel Survey (HTS) of Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). The findings show that trip chain types were associated with different work durations and activity patterns. The distribution of such associations differs between geographical areas in SMA. The results suggest that travel behavior analysis is crucial to measuring the quality of life given the relationships between work duration and flexible activities.",flexible activities | quality of life | time use | trip chain | work duration,KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2018-01-01,Article,"Park, Woonho;Choi, Keechoo;Joh, Chang Hyeon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Information suppliers: May we have your attention, please?: Capabilities influencing the creatingand sustaining of user attention",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Frances J. Milliken Linda M. Dunn-Jensen New York University The thief to be most wary of is the one who steals your time.—Anonymous,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,And you think you have it all mapped out”: Women Rhodes Scholars' Work-Life Identity Narratives,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Learning from Nursing Placements: A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Nursing Placements on Achievement Goals and Professional Self-Concept,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Information technology (IT) experts in flexible forms of employment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Typology of Employee Improvement-Oriented Voice: An Exploration of Voice Content,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Happiness and Future of Asia,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Employee social liability-more than just low social capital within the workplace,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Applying Market Mechanisms to Facilitate Interpersonal Information Exchange,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85042181601,10.4324/9781315626543,Contextualizing Social Power Research within Organizational Behavior,,,The Self at Work: Fundamental Theory and Research,2017-12-14,Book Chapter,"Schaerer, Michael;Lee, Alice J.;Galinsky, Adam D.;Thau, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Negotiating Schedules: Creating Work Flow in Distributed Groups,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Supporting remote collaboration for the development of medical devices,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,RESEARCH IN SERVICE STUDIES,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Usage Creates Innovation: Future is Local,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85017500104,10.1097/JOM.0000000000000975,Time for Self-Care: Downtime Recovery as a Buffer of Work and Home/Family Time Pressures,"Objective: Opportunities for people to recover from stress are insufficient, because demanding and excessive life activities leave little time for recovery. Downtime is a self-care behavior that can occur in any life domain (ie, work, home/family, leisure). Methods: Using survey data from a cross-section of 422 U.S. workers, we tested hypotheses regarding downtime as a buffer of the effects of time pressure and whether downtime's benefits were related to the domain in which it was taken, or influenced by perceived time control. Results: In situations of high time pressure, work and home/family downtime were beneficial when time control was high, while relaxing leisure was beneficial when time control was low. Conclusions: Downtime is available whenever people recognize their need for recovery and respond by entering a state of physical relaxation and psychological detachment from stressors.",,Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2017-04-01,Article,"Dugan, Alicia G.;Barnes-Farrell, Janet L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85021230386,10.1002/smi.2765,Development and validation of the Workplace Interruptions Measure,"In 3 studies, we developed and tested the first comprehensive, self-report measure of workplace interruptions. The Workplace Interruptions Measure (WIM) is based on a typology of interruptions that included intrusions, distractions, discrepancy detections, and breaks. The four-factor structure was reduced to a 12-item measure in Study 1 (N = 317) and confirmed in a diverse sample of employees in Study 2 (N = 160). Study 3 (N = 323) further examined the psychometric properties of the WIM in a sample of university faculty and staff. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that both effort-enhancing interruptions (intrusions, distractions, and discrepancy detections) and recovery-enhancing interruptions (breaks) were associated with stressors and strains. Distractions, discrepancy detections, and breaks uniquely predicted strain outcomes beyond other workplace stressors (i.e., quantitative workload, interpersonal conflict, and role conflict). We discuss implications of the WIM for the theory and practice of interruptions research.",breaks | discrepancy detections | distractions | employee stress | intrusions | workplace interruptions,Stress and Health,2018-02-01,Article,"Wilkes, Stacy M.;Barber, Larissa K.;Rogers, Arielle P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,RESEARCH ISSUES IN ADVANCED OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,How to Become a Better Manager in Social Work and Social Care: Essential Skills for Managing Care,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Organizational learning and knowledge depreciation in supplier quality improvement,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Vladimir KVASSOV (Real title ""Impacts of Information Technology on Temporal Dimensions of Managerial Work and Its Productivitity"".",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Prevalence, Logic and Effectiveness",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The influence of polychronicity and identification on interactions in the workplace,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,管理学实地研究的方法契合,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Trayectorias académicas: mecanismos de acceso, permanencia y promoción en la carrera docente: un estudio de caso",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Tid, belastning og fællesskaber i det grænseløse arbejde",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,12. QUARTA MEDITAZIONE: FAR RISPLENDERE LA NOSTRA LUCE,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Les obstacles à la mixité dans le management de projets,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Constructing visibility: The electronic medical record as a disciplinarian tool/להבנות את אי-הנראות: הגיליון הרפואי הממוחשב ככלי ממשמע‎,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,組織創新活力及其效果—時間壓力干擾之探討,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,QUESTÕES DE TEMPO E ESPAÇO1,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900824208,10.3917/rac.022.i,Heterogeneidad temporal y actividad de trabajo,,,Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances,2014-01-01,Article,"Datchary, Caroline;Gaglio, Gérald",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,个体对最终期限的看法如何影响团队绩效,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907472409,10.5294/pacla.2014.17.3.8,Association between Publication Time on Social Networks and Engagement: A Study of Mexican Universities,"Universities are using social media increasingly as communication channels. However, not all universities seem to have a clear strategy that allows them to achieve a broader range. This study shows publication time can affect the impact of a publication. The authors compared the behavior of Fanpage managers to demonstrations of public engagement from the standpoint of their temporary activity cycles. A quantitative methodology was used, based on identifying outstanding publications among 31,590 publications by 28 Mexican universities.",Engagement | Facebook pages | Higher education | Outstanding publications | Publication time | Social network,Palabra Clave,2014-09-01,Article,"Valerio Ureña, Gabriel;Herrera-Murillo, Dagoberto José;Rodríguez-Martínez, María Del Carmen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Alliance de recherche universités-communautés sur la gestion des âges et des temps sociaux,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Analyse des travaux récents sur Le Temps et le Travail,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,La relazione tra identità e pratiche nei luoghi di lavoro. Uno studio sul campo in un laboratorio di ricerca pubblica nella NanoScienza e Tecnologie,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Instrumentarium zur personenindividuellen Bewertung und Verbesserung der individuellen Arbeitsorganisation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Si passionnés qu'on oublie l'heure?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Projekt „Glückliches Leben “.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Rendimiento comercial y los 7 hábitos de la gente altamente efectiva de Stephen Covey: evidencia a partir de un caso.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ББК 88 Ж 91,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Um bom momento para si, um grande momento no seu trabalho: variáveis individuais na experiência de timelessness",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84947236056,,La mappatura del ruolo come nuovo approccio di lettura di due professionisti ospedalieri: l'infermiere e l'operatore socio-sanitario,"The aim of this work was to detect the role of the nurse and social health operator into two operating units in a Northern Italy Hospital. Authors conduct - work role mapping using 18 semi-structured interviews to all the operating units' professionals and 42 observations. The analysis revealed that the two roles presents high conflict especially into the operational unit where the behavior expectations about the two roles are divergent. The work role competencies mapping can lead to a rethinking about the ways to act in care contexts, to face the complexity and to implement in effective manner human resources develop policies.",,Mecosan,2015-01-01,Article,"Panari, Chiara;Levati, William;Alfieri, Emanuela;Tonelli, Michela;Bonini, Alice;Artioli, Giovanna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Die pausenlose Gesellschaft: Fluch und Segen der digitalen Permanenz,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Resilienzfördernde Möglichkeiten der Teamsupervision bei Changeprozessen,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,团队时间心智模型及其内部交互与团队绩效,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Führung in Teilzeit?–Eine empirische Analyse zur Verbreitung von Teilzeitarbeit unter Führungskräften in Deutschland und Europa,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Technologies mobiles et travail à la maison: mise à disposition ou mode de conciliation?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Multiple Teammitgliedschaft und Teamgrenzen in virtuellen Teams: Zusammenhänge mit emotionalen und kognitiven Zuständen und Effekte auf …,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Um estudo experimental sobre os preditores da perda de noção de tempo ea influência desta no desempenho,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Toename van overwerk 1985-1998,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Tijdsdruk: een vloek of een zegen voor de creativiteit van werknemers?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,参加型センシングの効率化に向けたコンテキストに基づく応答の推定,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Nem sempre o tempo que se perde é tempo perdido: variáveis contextuais na experiência de timelessness,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Förderung von Innovativität und Kreativität in Organisationen,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Die Führungs-Paradox-These: Führungsunterstützung bei zeitkritischen Projektteams und Auswirkungen auf den Projekterfolg,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ASPECTOS TEMPORALES DEL COMPORTAMIENTO EN EL TRABAJO: ENTRAINMENT Y FLEXIBILIDAD LABORAL,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Trabalho imaterial, tempo e estilos de vida: abordagem a partir do uso da tecnologia da informação por professores de instituições de ensino superior privado",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Den moderate revolution,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,O TEMPO NO SETOR VAREJO: PERCEPÇÕES E VIVÊNCIAS DE GERENTES E VENDEDORES BRASILEIROS,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ББК 88 Н 56,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,耦合不连续系统同步转换过程中的多吸引子共存,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"時間觀點, 時間管理及工作績效之關係",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75549121869,,Op tijd of te laat,,,Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde,1963-09-28,Article,"JONGKEES, L. B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,How much time does time have?: a study of managers time in the retail business in Belo Horizonte,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Leslie Perlow - all documents found on scopus and some from Google Scholar,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Toward a model of work redesign for better work and better life,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901253222,,Manage your team's collective time: Time management is a group endeavor. The payoff goes far beyond morale and retention,,,Harvard Business Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84996127701,10.1108/hrmid.2010.04418bad.012,Making time off predictable and required (need for managers to take time off and be refreshed),,Case studies | Consultancies | Employees | Hours of work | Leave | Managers | Organizations | Performance measurement | United States of America,Human Resource Management International Digest,2010-03-23,Article,"Perlow, L. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70649103083,10.1016/j.riob.2009.06.007,The dynamics of silencing conflict,"In many organizations, when people perceive a difference with one another they do not fully express themselves. Despite creating innumerable problems, silencing conflict is a persistent phenomenon. While the antecedents of acts of silence are well documented, little is known about how some organizations develop norms of silence. To explore the evolution of a norm of silence, we draw on an ethnographic study that spanned the entire life of a dot.com, starting with its founding and ending with its sale to a larger company. Distilling our data using causal loop diagrams, we map the processes through which acts of silence became self-reinforcing. Drawing on that analysis, we build a formal model of silencing that helps identify the conditions under which silence moves from an isolated incident into a self-reinforcing norm. Our analysis has implications for understanding both the development of a repeated pattern of silence and the broader process of norm formation. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in Organizational Behavior,2009-08-18,Review,"Perlow, Leslie A.;Repenning, Nelson P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Contextualizing patterns of work group interaction: Toward a nested theory of structuration ( Book Chapter),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Contextualizing patterns of work group interaction: Toward a nested theory of structuration,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Is silence killing your company?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036810779,10.2307/3069323,The speed trap: Exploring the relationship between decision making and temporal context,"Despite a growing sense that speed is critical to organizational success, how an emphasis on speed affects organizational processes remains unclear. We explored the connection between speed and decision making in a 19-month ethnographic study of an Internet start-up. Distilling our data using causal loop diagrams, we identified a potential pathology for organizations attempting to make fast decisions, the ""speed trap."" A need for fast action, traditionally conceptualized as an exogenous feature of the surrounding context, can also be a product of an organization's own past emphasis on speed. We explore the implications for research on decision making and temporal pacing.",,Academy of Management Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.;Okhuysen, Gerardo A.;Repenning, Nelson P.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036746406,10.1287/orsc.13.5.583.7813,Time to change: Temporal shifts as enablers of organizational change,"In this paper, we integrate findings from three field studies of technology intensive organizations to explore the process through which change occurred. In each case, problems were well recognized but had become entrenched and had failed to generate change. Across the three sites, organizational change occurred only after some event altered the accustomed daily rhythms of work, and thus changed the way people experienced time. This finding suggests that temporal shifts - changes in a collective's experience of time - can help to facilitate organizational change. Specifically, we suggest that temporal shifts enable change in four ways: (1) by creating a trigger for change, (2) by providing resources needed for change, (3) by acting as a coordinating mechanism, and (4) by serving as a credible symbol of the need to change.",Organizational Change | Punctuated Change | Qualitative Methodology | Time and Timing,Organization Science,2002-01-01,Article,"Staudenmayer, Nancy;Tyre, Marcie;Perlow, Leslie",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036245994,10.1002/job.150,Who's helping whom? Layers of culture and workplace behavior,"This paper describes an in-depth, qualitative exploration of helping behavior among software engineers doing the same type of work in the U.S. and India. Consistent with research describing American culture as more individualist and Indian culture as more collectivism we find that engineers at the American site provide help only to those from whom they expect to need help in the future, whereas engineers at the Indian site are more willing to help whoever needs help. However, we further find that the differences are not due to the influence of individualistic or collectivist norms per se but rather to the ways in which helping is framed in the two contexts. At the American site, the act of helping is framed as an unwanted interruption. In contrast, helping at the Indian site is framed as a desirable opportunity for skill development. These different framings reflect the combined influence of national, occupational, and organizational layers of culture in the two settings. In each case, we find that engineers help others when doing so is framed in such a way as to be perceived as helpful in achieving their career goals. Our findings have important implications for better understanding helping behavior itself and also the mechanisms through which culture influences work behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,Journal of Organizational Behavior,2002-06-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie;Weeks, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Taking time to integrate temporal research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035242058,10.1177/0730888401028001006,Time to coordinate: Toward an understanding of work-time standards and norms in a multicountry study of software engineers,"Engineers in the United States are expected to work 70- and 80-hour weeks routinely. Research on groups of software engineers working in India, China, and Hungary indicates that such work hours are not inherent in the work. Rather, work-time standards and norms are found to vary across the three sites studied. Moreover, the way work is coordinated among engineers and between engineers and their managers appears to perpetuate these work-time standards and norms. Both the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.",,Work and Occupations,2001-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032220640,10.2307/2393855,Boundary control: The social ordering of work and family time in a high-tech corporation,"Through a qualitative study of a software development group, I examine how managers control the hours employees work, and therefore the temporal boundary between employees' work and life outside of work. Analysis of field data shows that managers use three types of techniques to exert boundary control over ""knowledge workers"": (1) imposing demands, by setting meetings, reviews, and internal deadlines, controlling vacations, and requesting extra work; (2) monitoring employees, by standing over them, checking up on them, and observing them; and (3) modeling the behavior they want employees to exhibit. Employees either accept or resist managers' boundary control; those who resist are penalized by the reward system, even when they devise creative ways to schedule and complete their work. Many employees are married, and the demands of their work have consequences for their spouses. Spouses' reactions to the demands that ultimately affect them further influence how employees respond to boundary control. These findings contribute to a theory of boundary control and carry practical implications for resolving work-family conflicts in our society.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,1998-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032134807,,"Finding time, stopping the frenzy.","While the deleterious consequences of long hours of work for individuals, families and communities have previously been documented, the assumption that long hours are necessary to get the work done, especially in a world where speed is becoming increasingly critical to corporate success, has prompted little challenge. So Leslie Perlow, an assistant professor of business at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, set out to explore the necessity for the seemingly endless workdays that so many postindustrial settings require. Her study of a group of software engineers at a Fortune 500 company--identified only as the Ditto Corp--is detailed in her book, Finding Time: How Corporations, Individuals, and Families Can Benefit from New Work Practices (Cornell University Press, 1997). Perlow's research reveals a ""sad and all too common tale"" of workers harried by competing demands, frequent interruptions and shifting deadlines. To meet the firm's expectations, the engineers she studied sacrificed home life, focused on individual tasks to the detriment of group goals and, in many cases, eventually lost any enthusiasm they'd had for working for the company. There has been some recognition that stress and burnout may be bad for a corporation as employees become less committed, decide to leave or get fired and that this kind of turnover can hurt the firm in the longer term. But Perlow documented the additional, and quite significant, shorter-term costs to the corporation of the current way of using time at work. What she found was a ""vicious time cycle:"" Time pressures led to a crisis mentality, which led to ""individual heroics."" That is, I'll do whatever it takes to do my job--even if it means interrupting you while you try to do yours. For the engineers Perlow studied, the lack of helping, the constant interruptions and the perpetual crises--clearly illustrated by the daily log that appears on page 34--made it harder to develop products. Ultimately, they worked long hours to complete tasks they'd been too busy to do earlier because of the constant interruptions. Worse, because everyone was busy responding to crises, no one had time to prevent future crises, thus perpetuating the cycle. But as dire as the situation sometimes seemed, change was possible. The ""quiet time"" phase of the author's nine-month study indicated that productivity could be enhanced by structuring work time to allow the engineers intervals to work alone, uninterrupted. After this first phase, about two out of three of the 17 people involved said their productivity during quiet time was above average. Nearly as many said overall productivity was above average as well. This implies that the costs of the current way of using time exceed the benefits. The data further show that change must be collective, addressing all elements of the vicious cycle. The promising implication is that collective change could benefit everyone--corporations, individuals and families. The work process could be made more efficient and effective. At the same time, individuals could succeed at work and still have time for responsibilities outside of work; people might not have to choose so definitively between their work and their home lives. To make the necessary changes, however, will require a shift from a system that rewards individuals heroics and long hours to one that rewards individuals' contributions to their teams--without the accompanying emphasis on visible work hours. That is, there must be a shift in emphasis from individual to collective achievement. And there must be a sharing of the resulting gains in efficiency between employees and employers. In the following excerpt from her book, Perlow describes what is needed to turn a vicious time cycle into a ""virtuous"" one:",,Business and health,1998-01-01,Article,"Perlow, L. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973719622,10.1177/1059601195202009,Putting the Work Back into Work/Family,"This article locates the source of the work/family conflict in our shared underlying assumptions about how work must be done if one is to succeed. Based on a 6-month field study of engineers in a Fortune 100 company, three barriers to the successful implementation of work/family policies and programs were identified. Examining the source of these barriers reveals an assumption that individuals must be present at work to succeed. Gidden's theory of structuration is applied to explain why this assumption perpetuates. The article further indicates that to alter this assumption will require rethinking the organization's reward system and the recurrence of impromptu interactions that result. At the end, the article suggests that surfacing this and other underlying assumptions about work has potential benefits for organizations, as well as individuals. © 1995, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Group & Organization Management,1995-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Shifting Towards a Collective Temporal Orientation: Enabling a Sustainable Performance Culture,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Sleeping with your smartphone: How to break the 24/7 habit and change the way you work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70649103083,10.1016/j.riob.2009.06.007,The dynamics of silencing conflict,"In many organizations, when people perceive a difference with one another they do not fully express themselves. Despite creating innumerable problems, silencing conflict is a persistent phenomenon. While the antecedents of acts of silence are well documented, little is known about how some organizations develop norms of silence. To explore the evolution of a norm of silence, we draw on an ethnographic study that spanned the entire life of a dot.com, starting with its founding and ending with its sale to a larger company. Distilling our data using causal loop diagrams, we map the processes through which acts of silence became self-reinforcing. Drawing on that analysis, we build a formal model of silencing that helps identify the conditions under which silence moves from an isolated incident into a self-reinforcing norm. Our analysis has implications for understanding both the development of a repeated pattern of silence and the broader process of norm formation. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",,Research in Organizational Behavior,2009-08-18,Review,"Perlow, Leslie A.;Repenning, Nelson P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"THE SENSELESS SUBMERGENCE OF DIFFERENCE: ENGINEERS, THEIR WORK, ANDTHEIR CAREERS",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,When you say yes but mean no: How silencing conflict wrecks relationships and companies... and what you can do about it,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Challenges for work and family in the twenty-first century,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Coach K: A Matter of the Heart,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Driving performance through corporate culture: Interviews with four experts,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,When silence spells trouble at work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85064792841,10.1080/0261547022000058189,Learning from women who make it work,"Lifelong learning forms a key part of the social inclusion agendas of the UK government and the European community. There is growing debate about the role that higher education has to play in lifelong learning. At a time when social work education is undergoing major changes we need to engage in this debate. In this article I examine the barriers to education faced by one excluded group, mature women carers. Based on my experience in teaching on a DipSW programme designed specifically for students with caring commitments and from a study of transfer of learning by mature women carers, I argue for the importance of programme design in creating access to and success in social work education for this student group. © 2003, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Social Work Education,2003-01-01,Article,"Lister, Pam Green",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Time-sensitive cost models in the commercial MIS environment: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Resource models (Basili),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Economics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An analysis of transformations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946640223,10.1080/00401706.1962.10490038,Transformation of the independent variables,"In representing a realationship between a response and a number of independent variables, it is preferable when possible to work with a simple functional form in transformed variables rather than with a more complicated form in the original variables. This paper describes and illustrates a procedure to estimate appropriate transformations in this context. © 1962 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,Technometrics,1962-01-01,Article,"Box, G. E.P.;Tidwell, Paul W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Controlling Software Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018678521,,An inter-organizational comparison of programming productivity,"The factors which influence program size and program development time have been investigated across three dissimilar organizations. Data on a total of 93 COBOL programs has been collected and analyzed. Eighteen variables covering the characteristics of the program programmer and programming environment were recorded. Program size and program development time were found to have a strong program characteristic and organization dependency. Programmer characteristics did not appear to play a role in influencing program size or program development time. The best determinant of program development time was found to be procedure division lines of code, which gave simple regression R**2 in excess of . 79 for the two organizations using well formulated programming standards. Productivity measures based on lines of code per hour are shown to be misleading in inter-organizational comparisons.",,"Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Publications",1979-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, D. R.;Lawrence, H. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing programming productivity,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The productivity impact of project staffing levels,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017995509,10.1109/TSE.1978.231521,A general empirical solution to the Macro software sizing and estimating problem,"Application software development has been an area of organizational effort that has not been amenable to the normal managerial and cost controls. Instances of actual costs of several times the initial budgeted cost, and a time to initial operational capability sometimes twice as long as planned are more often the case than not. A macromethodology to support management needs has now been developed that will produce accurate estimates of manpower, costs, and times to reach critical milestones of software projects. There are four parameters in the basic system and these are in terms managers are comfortable working with-effort, development time, elapsed time, and a state-of-technology parameter. The system provides managers sufficient information to assess the financial risk and investment value of a new software development project before it is undertaken and provides techniques to update estimates from the actual data stream once the project is underway. Using the technique developed in the paper, adequate analysis for decisions can be made in an hour or two using only a few quick reference tables and a scientific pocket calculator. Copyright © 1978 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Application software estimating | quantitative software life-cycle management | sizing and scheduling large scale software projects | software life-cycle costing | software sizing,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1978-01-01,Article,"Putnam, Lawrence H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Estimating software costs,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A method of programming measurement and estimation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020827746,10.1109/TSE.1983.235115,Managing and predicting the costs of real-time software,"The Putnam model can be used to predict and manage software development projects. It is a management tool that takes, as input, easily obtained manpower data and produces cost and schedule estimates. This paper examines data from two real-time software projects and analyzes the applicability of the Putnam model. We propose a variation of the model which more reliably follows the staffing curve of real-time software applications. A critical analysis of the assumptions is presented and the parameters are reinterpreted so that they reflect the environment of embedded applications. Two projects are analyzed from actual data. It is shown how management decisions are reflected in the model. Even erratic and incomplete data can yield valuable conclusions. It is also shown that the model is appropriate to software developed with modern practices. We show how valuable management information can be obtained by laying out the data in a systematic manner. Copyright © 1983 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost prediction | Putnam model | Rayleigh curve | real-time software | software management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1983-01-01,Article,"Warburton, Roger D.H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84946364473,10.1080/0020739900210601,Transformation of variables in econometrics,"The simple linear regression model is normally taught either as a tool for use when the relationship between two variables is suspected to be linear, or as a foundation on which to build the more complex multiple regression model. Rarely is the model developed any further. This paper sets out to illustrate transformations which can make the model an almost infinitely flexible tool for investigating relationships between two variables, and which can provide very useful exercises in model construction for students before they move on to multiple regression. The paper also attempts to discuss the methodology involved in constructing and testing models, at least in the two-variable case. © 1990 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology,1990-01-01,Article,"Taylor, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Papers citing: ""Time-sensitive cost models in the commercial MIS environment""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845788381,10.1109/TSE.2007.256943,A systematic review of software development cost estimation studies,"This paper aims to provide a basis for the improvement of software estimation research through a systematic review of previous work. The review identifies 304 software cost estimation papers in 76 journals and classifies the papers according to research topic, estimation approach, research approach, study context and data set. A Web-based library of these cost estimation papers is provided to ease the identification of relevant estimation research results. The review results combined with other knowledge provide support for recommendations for future software cost estimation research, including 1) increase the breadth of the search for relevant studies, 2) search manually for relevant papers within a carefully selected set of journals when completeness is essential, 3) conduct more studies on estimation methods commonly used by the software industry, and 4) increase the awareness of how properties of the data sets impact the results when evaluating estimation methods. © 2007 IEEE.",Research methods | Software cost estimation | Software cost prediction | Software effort estimation | Software effort prediction | Systematic review,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-01-01,Review,"Jørgensen, Magne;Shepperd, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000356302,10.2307/249573,Examining the feasibility of a case-based reasoning model for software effort estimation,"Existing algorithmic models fail to produce accurate software development effort estimates. To address this problem, a case-based reasoning model, called Estor, was developed based on the verbal protocols of a human expert solving a set of estimation problems. Estor was then presented with 15 software effort estimation tasks. The estimates of Estor were compared to those of the expert as well as those of the function point and COCOMO estimations of the projects. The estimates generated by the human expert and Estor were more accurate and consistent than those of the function point and COCOMO methods. In fact, Estor was nearly as accurate and consistent as the expert. These results suggest that a case-based reasoning approach for software effort estimation holds promise and merits additional research.",Case-based reasoning | Constructive cost model | Function points | Software effort estimation,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1992-01-01,Article,"Mukhopadhyay, Tridas;Vicinanza, Steven S.;Prietula, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000786473,10.1109/32.544349,"Software development productivity of European space, military, and industrial applications","The identification, combination, and interaction of the many factors which influence software development productivity makes the measurement, estimation, comparison and tracking of productivity rates very difficult. Through the analysis of a European Space Agency database consisting of 99 software development projects from 37 companies in 8 European countries, this paper seeks to provide significant and useful information about the major factors which influence the productivity of European space, military, and industrial applications, as well as to determine the best metric for measuring the productivity of these projects. Several key findings emerge from the study. The results indicate that some organizations are obtaining significantly higher productivity than others. Some of this variation is due to the differences in the application category and programming language of projects in each company; however, some differences must also be due to the ways in which these companies manage their software development projects. The use of tools and modern programming practices were found to be major controllable factors in productivity improvement. Finally, the lines-of-code productivity metric is shown to be superior to the process productivity metric for projects in our database. © 1996 IEEE.",And industrial software projects | Empirical study of software projects | European software projects | Military | Software effort estimation | Software productivity | Space,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1996-12-01,Article,"Maxwell, Katrina D.;Van Wassenhove, Luk;Dutta, Soumitra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000139307,10.1016/0950-5849(92)90077-3,Empirical studies of assumptions that underlie software cost-estimation models,"The paper reviews some of the assumptions built into conventional cost models and identifies whether or not there is empirical evidence to support these assumptions. The results indicate that the assumption that there is a nonlinear relationship between size and effort is not supported, but the assumption of a nonlinear relationship between effort and duration is. Second, the assumption that a large number of subjective productivity adjustment factors is necessary is not supported. In addition, it also appears that a large number of size adjustment factors are unnecessary. Third, the assumption that staff experience and/or staff capability are the most significant cost drivers (after allowing for the effect of size) is not supported by the data available to the MERMAID project, but neither can it be confirmed from analysis of the COCOMO data set. Finally, the assumption that compression of schedule decreases productivity was not supported. In fact, none of the models of schedule compression currently included in existing cost models was supported by the data. © 1992.",cost estimation | cost-estimation models | productivity | software cost estimation,Information and Software Technology,1992-01-01,Article,"Kitchenham, BA",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software metrics: measurement for software process improvement,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The MERMAID approach to software cost estimation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Impact of budget and schedule pressure on software development cycle time and effort,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025212926,10.1109/52.43055,Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development,,,IEEE Software,1990-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030165699,10.1016/0263-7863(95)00074-7,A review of existing models for project planning and estimation and the need for a new approach,"Although planning is a crucial part of the system development process, it is often neglected by project managers. The problem being addressed by this paper is that of inadequate models for planning the requirements capture and analysis stage (RCA) of a software development project. It is stressed that there is a need for a new model because the existing models give inaccurate, inconsistent or unreliable predictions. Additionally, they are based on either inappropriate variables or variables that can not be measured at the beginning of the development process. Finally, existing models do not support the planning of individual stages of the development process but only try to make predictions about the project development process as a whole. This paper examines existing models and provides evidence about their inadequacy and lack of accuracy, and then introduces a new model and presents the approach followed for its development. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd and IPMA.",Estimating | IS planning | IS project management | Software metrics,International Journal of Project Management,1996-01-01,Article,"Chatzoglou, Prodromos D.;Macaulay, Linda A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031480063,10.1023/a:1018953900977,Applications of DEA to measure the efficiency of software production at two large Canadian banks,"This paper presents two empirical studies of software production conducted at two large Canadian banks. For this purpose, we introduce a new model of software production that considers more outputs than those previously cited in the literature. The first study analyses a group of software development projects and compares the ratio approach to performance measurement to the results of DEA. It is shown that the main deficiencies of the performance ratio method can be avoided with the latter. Two different approaches are employed to constrain the DEA multipliers with respect to subjective managerial goals. As is further shown, incorporating subjective values into efficiency measures must be done in a careful and rigorous manner, within a framework familiar to management. The second study investigates the effect of quality on software maintenance (enhancement) projects. Quality appears to have a significant impact on the efficiency and cost of software projects in the data set. We further show the problems that may result when quality is excluded from the production models for efficiency assessment. In particular, we show some of the misleading results that can be obtained when the simple, traditional, ratio definition of productivity is used for this purpose.",Data Envelopment Analysis | Efficiency measurement | Multiplier constraints | Software productivity | Software quality,Annals of Operations Research,1997-01-01,Article,"Paradi, J. C.;Reese, D. N.;Rosen, D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942535501,10.1109/APSEC.2002.1183076,Has twenty-five years of empirical software engineering made a difference?,"Our activities in software engineering typically fall into one of three categories, (1) to invent new phenomena, (2) to understand existing phenomena, and (3) to facilitate inspirational education. This paper explores the place of empirical software engineering in the first two of these activities. In this exploration evidence is drawn from the empirical literature in the areas of software inspections and software cost modelling and estimation. This research is then compared with the literature published in the Journal of Empirical Software Engineering. This evidence throws light on aspects of theory derivation, experimental methods and analysis, and also the challenges that we face as empirical software engineering evolves into the future.",Australia | Computer industry | Computer science | Computer science education | Costs | Educational products | Educational programs | Inspection | Software engineering | Software measurement,"Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC",2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, R.;Scott, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21744448782,10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60337-X,"Software cost estimation: A review of models, process, and practice","This article presents a review of software cost estimation models, processes, and practice. A general prediction process and a framework for selecting predictive measures and methods are proposed and used to analyze and interpret the research that is reviewed in this article. The prediction process and selection framework highlight the importance of measurement within the context of system development and the need to package and reuse experience to improve the accuracy of software cost estimates. As a result of our analysis we identify the need for further work to expand the range of models that are the focus of software cost estimation research. We also recommend that practitioners adopt an estimation process that incorporates feedback on the accuracy of estimates and packaging of experience. © 1997 Academic Press Inc.",,Advances in Computers,1997-01-01,Book Chapter,"Walkerden, Fiona;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Some Metrics for Objected-Oriented Software Engineering.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33750093532,10.1109/ASWEC.2006.42,Qualitative simulation model for software engineering process,"Software process simulation models hold out the promise of improving project planning and control. However, quantitative models require a very detailed understanding of the software process. In particular, process knowledge needs to be represented quantitatively which requires extensive, reliable software project data. When such data is lacking, quantitative models must impose severe constraints, restricting the value of the models. In contrast qualitative models are able to cope with imprecise knowledge by reasoning at a more abstract level. This paper illustrates the value and flexibility of qualitative models by developing a model of the software staffing process and comparing it with other quantitative staffing models. We show that the qualitative model provides more insights into the staffing process than the quantitative models because it requires fewer constraints and can thus simulate more behaviors. In particular, the qualitative model produces three possible outcomes: adding staff can increases project duration (i.e. Brooks' Law), adding staff may not affect duration, or adding staff may decrease duration. The qualitative model allows us to determine the conditions under which the different outcomes can occur. © 2006 IEEE.",Brooks' Law | Process simulation | QDE | Qualitative simulation model | Software process modeling | Staffing process,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2006-10-24,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Huo, Ming;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The certainty of uncertainty,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The mathematical validity of software metrics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023538028,,"The relationship between team size, experience, and attitudes and software development productivity","Eight empirical studies have been carried out in three phases to determine appropriate models to describe productivity aspects of the process of developing management information systems (MIS). In the first study, data on 47 MIS projects was collected from four organizations to verify the importance of elapsed-time compression on software development productivity. The subsequent studies concerned the development and verification of a productivity model for the MIS environment. The model developed has been tested in Cobol, mainframe and microcomputer BASIC, Focus, and PL1/SQL implementation environments. The model incorporates project size and staffing level variables, and has been extended in the Focus implementation environment to incorporate team attitude and experience variables.",,Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society's International Computer Software & Applications Conference,1987-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffrey, D. Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38149148420,10.1016/0950-5849(94)90080-9,Predicting the development effort of multimedia courseware,A recurring problem faced by multimedia courseware developers is the accurate estimation of development effort. This paper outlines a metrics based model for predicting the development effort of multimedia courseware. A composite model of multimedia courseware development effort is proposed which makes use of a Rayleigh curve and cost drivers. Initial analysis of cost drivers and delivery time are described along with future work to develop a rigorous model for multimedia courseware development. © 1994.,courseware | courseware engineering | metrics | multimedia,Information and Software Technology,1994-01-01,Article,"Marshall, IM;Samson, WB;Dugard, PI;Scott, WA",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Qualitative and semi-quantitative modelling and simulation of software engineering processes,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Statistical analysis on the productivity of data processing with development projects using the function point technique,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reassessing function points,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85174644977,10.1049/icp.2021.0856,Improving the software cost estimation process,"Software cost estimation is an important task in any software development cycle. It helps project and software engineers to do better planning and resource management. Mining historical data to predict the future cost is a commonly used approach. However, dataset used in software estimation models plays a crucial role in the model accuracy. In this paper, feature selection techniques applied to different datasets in order to improve the model accuracy, reduce data redundancy, and increase the model performance. Five types of evaluation criteria were used to compare the results of 13 machine-learning methods before and after applying the feature selection techniques. Results showed that feature selection techniques can obviously increase the accuracy of the prediction model.",Cost Estimation | Feature Selection | Machine Learning | Prediction,IET Conference Proceedings,2020-01-01,Conference Paper,"Al Asheeri, Mahmood;Hammad, Mustafa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953788377,10.1109/ICONS.2010.16,Object-oriented software development effort prediction using design patterns from object interaction analysis,"Software project management is arguably the most important activity in modern software development projects. In the absence of realistic and objective management, the software development process cannot be managed in an effective way. The authors propose a holistic approach, SysML Point Model, which is based on a common, structured and comprehensive systems engineering modeling language (OMG SysML). Critical to the SysML Point estimation is the Pattern Point Model, a Function Point-like methodology, that produces an estimate of the size of OO (Object-Oriented) development projects using the design patterns found in object interaction modeling from the late OO analysis phase. Two measures are defined (PP1 and PP2) and an initial empirical validation is performed to assess the usefulness and effectiveness of the measures in predicting the development effort of objectoriented systems. The experimental results show that the Pattern Point measure can be effectively used during the OO analysis phase to predict the effort values with a high degree of confidence. The PP2 metric yielded the best results with an aggregate PRED (0.25) = 0.874. © 2010 IEEE.",Effort prediction model | Empirical validation | Function Point analysis | Object-Oriented systems | Size measures,"5th International Conference on Systems, ICONS 2010",2010-06-25,Conference Paper,"Adekile, Olusegun;Simmons, Dick B.;Lively, William M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software development productivity,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Kausalitätsprobleme bei der Aufwandsschätzung in der Softwareentwicklung und-wartung,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A proposed Framework of predicting the Development Effort of Multimedia Courseware,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,軟體專案管理研究架構及趨勢,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929624796,10.1109/IWSM.Mensura.2014.25,Putnam's Effort-Duration Trade-Off Law: Is the Software Estimation Problem Really Solved?,"In 1978, Putnam presented his 'general empirical solution' for the software estimation problem and claimed that the problem was solved. His results continue to be influential, and are sometimes treated as authoritative. Focusing on the effort-duration trade-off, we evaluate his study and its results, examining both his approach and studies that have been published since. Several serious problems are identified. Simulations show that Putnam's approach yields incorrect results and that it yields a non-existent effort-duration trade-off in a set of unrelated random numbers. Putnam's 'software equation' and effort-duration trade-off law have no credibility and should no longer be used. Several related studies have similar issues, statistical relationships should be handled with more care.",Effort-duration trade-off | project estimation | project planning | software development management | software equation,"Proceedings - 2014 Joint Conference of the International Workshop on Software Measurement, IWSM 2014 and the International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement, Mensura 2014",2014-12-30,Conference Paper,"Suelmann, Han",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,New approach to software cost estimation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,軟體專案管理研究主題分析,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Productivity prediction model based on Bayesian analysis and productivity console,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Design Change Metric Derived From Extreme X-Machines,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Estimating software effort hours for major defense acquisition programs,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Review of Software Sizing for Cost Estimation.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,DILEMMAS OF IS DEVELOPMENT,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,SOFTWARE SIZE ESTIMATION PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MIDDLE SIZE FIRMS IN TURKEY,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Variation in Project Parameters as a Measure of Improvement in Software Process Control,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Schedule Compression in Software Development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software maintenance cost estimation with fourth generation languages,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-73449095757,10.1109/TSE.2009.18,Impact of Budget and Schedule Pressure on Software Development Cycle Time and Effort,"As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a $25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ""eroded"" the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams. © 2006 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Schedule and organizational issues | Systems development | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2009-06-23,Article,"Nan, Ning;Harter, Donald E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Model for Improving Productivity Without Impacting Quality of Deliverables in IT Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,QCD 構造モデルによるソフトウェア開発管理の計量化に関する研究,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,組込みソフトウェア改造時の作業配分を容易にする小規模な改造工数の見積もり尺度の提案,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Ross Jeffery (Google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025257986,10.1109/32.44364,Function points in the estimation and evaluation of the software process,Measures of project size are a prerequisite to successful quantitative management of software projects. One such measure that is gaining acceptance with commercial organizations is function points. This paper reports the results of an empirical research project into the consistency and limitations of function points as an a priori measure of system size compared to the traditional lines of code measure. The paper concludes that function points are a more consistent a priori measure of system size. The results also indicate that the function point estimate of size is lower for analysts experienced both in software development and in function point estimation. © 1990 IEEE,Estimation | Function points | Lines of code | Quantitative measurement | Software management | Software size,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1990-01-01,Article,"Low, Graham C.;Jeffery, D. Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947433928,10.1016/j.jss.2006.09.008,An exploratory study of why organizations do not adopt CMMI,"This paper explores why organizations do not adopt CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), by analysing two months of sales data collected by an Australian company selling CMMI appraisal and improvement services. The most frequent reasons given by organizations were: the organization was small; the services were too costly, the organization had no time, and the organization was using another SPI approach. Overall, we found small organizations not adopting CMMI tend to say that adopting it would be infeasible, but do not say it would be unbeneficial. We comment on the significance of our findings and research method for SPI research. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Capability maturity model | CMM | CMMI | Software process improvement,Journal of Systems and Software,2007-06-01,Article,"Staples, Mark;Niazi, Mahmood;Jeffery, Ross;Abrahams, Alan;Byatt, Paul;Murphy, Russell",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033336424,10.1023/A:1009872202035,An empirical study of analogy-based software effort estimation,"Conventional approaches to software cost estimation have focused on algorithmic cost models, where an estimate of effort is calculated from one or more numerical inputs via a mathematical model. Analogy-based estimation has recently emerged as a promising approach, with comparable accuracy to algorithmic methods in some studies, and it is potentially easier to understand and apply. The current study compares several methods of analogy-based software effort estimation with each other and also with a simple linear regression model. The results show that people are better than tools at selecting analogues for the data set used in this study. Estimates based on their selections, with a linear size adjustment to the analogue's effort value, proved more accurate than estimates based on analogues selected by tools, and also more accurate than estimates based on the simple regression model.",,Empirical Software Engineering,1999-12-01,Article,"Walkerden, Fiona;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033873375,10.1109/32.825763,The effectiveness of software development technical reviews: A behaviorally motivated program of research,"Software engineers use a number of different types of software development technical review (SDTR) for the purpose of detecting defects in software products. This paper applies the behavioral theory of group performance to explain the outcomes of software reviews. A program of empirical research is developed, including propositions to both explain review performance and identify ways of improving review performance based on the specific strengths of individuals and groups. Its contributions are to clarify our understanding of what drives defect detection performance in SDTRs and to set an agenda for future research. In identifying individuals' task expertise as the primary driver of review performance, the research program suggests specific points of leverage for substantially improving review performance. It points to the importance of understanding software reading expertise and implies the need for a reconsideration of existing approaches to managing reviews. ©2000 IEEE.",Behavioral research | Defect detection | Defects | Expertise | Group process | Group size | Groups | Inspections | Reading | Research program | Technical reviews | Theory | Training | Walkthroughs,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2000-12-01,Article,"Sauer, Chris;Ross Jeffery, D.;Land, Lesley;Yetton, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942530486,10.1109/ASWEC.2004.1290484,A framework for classifying and comparing software architecture evaluation methods,"Software architecture evaluation has been proposed as a means to achieve quality attributes such as maintainability and reliability in a system. The objective of the evaluation is to assess whether or not the architecture will lead to the desired quality attributes. Recently, there have been a number of evaluation methods proposed. There is, however, little consensus on the technical and non-technical issues that a method should comprehensively address and which of the existing methods is most suitable for a particular issue. This paper presents a set of commonly known but informally described features of an evaluation method and organizes them within a framework that should offer guidance on the choice of the most appropriate method for an evaluation exercise. In this paper, we use this framework to characterise eight SA evaluation methods.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2004-06-22,Conference Paper,"Babar, Muhammad Ali;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035023813,,Using public domain metrics to estimate software development effort,"In this paper we investigate the accuracy of cost estimates when applying most commonly used modeling techniques to a large-scale industrial data set which is professionally maintained by the International Software Standards Benchmarking Group (ISBSG). The modeling techniques applied are ordinary least squares regression (OLS), Analogy-based estimation, stepwise ANOVA, CART, and robust regression. The questions we address in this study are related to important issues. The first is the appropriate selection of a technique in a given context. The second is the assessment of the feasibility of using multi-organizational data compared to the benefits from company-specific data collection. We compare company-specific models with models based on multi-company data. This is done by using the estimates derived for one company that contributed to the ISBSG data set and estimates from using carefully matched data from the rest of the ISBSG data. When using the ISBSG data set to derive estimates for the company generally poor results were obtained. Robust regression and OLS performed most accurately. When using the company's own data as the basis for estimation, OLS, a CART-variant, and Analogy performed best. In contrast to previous studies, the estimation accuracy when using the company's data is significantly higher than when using the rest of the ISBSG data set. Thus, from these results, the company that contributed to the ISBSG data set, would be better off when using its own data for cost estimation.",,"International Software Metrics Symposium, Proceedings",2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, R.;Ruhe, M.;Wieczorek, I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A comparative study of two software development cost modeling techniques using multi-organizational and company-specific data,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031102213,10.1109/52.582973,Status report on software measurement,"The most successful measurement programs are ones in which researcher, practitioner, and customer work hand in hand to meet goals and solve problems. But such collaboration is rare. The authors explore the gaps between these groups and point toward ways to bridge them.",,IEEE Software,1997-12-01,Article,"Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence;Jeffery, Ross;Curtis, Bill;Kitchenham, Barbara",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing software engineering knowledge,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037587476,10.1109/icse.2003.1201208,Cost estimation for web applications,"In this paper, we investigate the application of the COBRA™ method (Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment) in a new application domain, the area of web development. COBRA combines expert knowledge with data on a small number of projects to develop cost estimation models, which can also be used for risk analysis and benchmarking purposes. We modified and applied the method to the web applications of a small Australian company, specializing in web development. In this paper we present the modifications made to the COBRA method and results of applying the method. In our study, using data on twelve web applications, the estimates derived from our Web-COBRA model showed a Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE) of 0.17. This result significantly outperformed expert estimates from Allette Systems (MMRE 0.37). A result comparable to Web-COBRA was obtained when applying ordinary least squares regression with size in terms of Web Objects as an independent variable (MMRE 0.23).",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ruhe, Melanie;Jeffery, Ross;Wieczorek, Isabella",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031102661,10.1109/52.582974,Establishing software measurement programs,,,IEEE Software,1997-12-01,Article,"Offen, Raymond J.;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029345568,10.1016/0950-5849(95)91491-H,A conceptual model of cognitive complexity of elements of the programming process,"A new approach to complexity metrics is described based not on empirical analysis of the final product, viz. the code, but on an understanding of the cognitive processes of the analyst or programmer as they approach and undertake the challenges of program development, modification and debugging. The resulting metric, the Cognitive Complexity Model, involves quantification of a number of cognitive processes, focused on descriptions of comprehension resulting from the twin processes of 'chunking' and 'tracing' used by software developers in an attempt to reach a cognition of a software system at the code level. A conceptual framework is given as well as some illustrative indicators of likely component measures together with areas needing further research. © 1995.",chunking | cognitive complexity | complexity | measurement | software | tracing,Information and Software Technology,1995-01-01,Article,"Cant, SN N.;Jeffery, DR R.;Henderson-Sellers, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-49349110547,10.1109/TSE.2008.34,Analogy-x: Providing statistical inference to analogy-based software cost estimation,"Data-intensive analogy has been proposed as a means of software cost estimation as an alternative to other data intensive methods such as linear regression. Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to the method. There is no mechanism to assess its appropriateness for a specific dataset. In addition, heuristic algorithms are necessary to select the best set of variables and identify abnormal project cases. We introduce a solution to these problems based upon the use of the Mantel correlation randomization test called Analogy-X. We use the strength of correlation between the distance matrix of project features and the distance matrix of known effort values of the dataset. The method is demonstrated using the Desharnais dataset and two random datasets, showing (1) the use of Mantel's correlation to identify whether analogy is appropriate, (2) a stepwise procedure for feature selection, as well as (3) the use of a leverage statistic for sensitivity analysis that detects abnormal data points. Analogy-X, thus, provides a sound statistical basis for analogy, removes the need for heuristic search and greatly improves its algorithmic performance. © 2008 IEEE.",Analogy | Cost estimation | Management | Software engineering,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2008-08-19,Conference Paper,"Keung, Jacky Wai;Kitchenham, Barbara A.;Jeffery, David Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027590355,10.1109/32.232016,A comparison of function point counting techniques,"Effective management of the software development process requires that management be able to estimate total development effort and cost. One of the fundamental problems associated with effort and cost estimation is the a priori estimation of software size. Function point analysis has emerged over the last decade as a popular tool for this task. Following its use over this time, however, a number of criticisms of the method have emerged. These criticisms relate to the way in which function counts are calculated and the impact of the processing complexity adjustment on the function point count. SPQR/20 function points among others are claimed to overcome some of these criticisms. This paper compares the SPQR/20 function point method to traditional function point analysis as a measure of software size in an empirical study of MIS environments. In a study of 64 projects in one organization it was found that both methods would appear equally satisfactory. However consistent use of one method should occur since the individual counts differ considerably. © 1993 IEEE",Estimation | function points | quantitative measurement | software size,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. R.;Low, G. C.;Barnes, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27844542141,10.1007/s11219-005-4251-0,Tradeoff and sensitivity analysis in software architecture evaluation using analytic hierarchy process,"Software architecture evaluation involves evaluating different architecture design alternatives against multiple quality-attributes. These attributes typically have intrinsic conflicts and must be considered simultaneously in order to reach a final design decision. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), an important decision making technique, has been leveraged to resolve such conflicts. AHP can help provide an overall ranking of design alternatives. However it lacks the capability to explicitly identify the exact tradeoffs being made and the relative size of these tradeoffs. Moreover, the ranking produced can be sensitive such that the smallest change in intermediate priority weights can alter the final order of design alternatives. In this paper, we propose several in-depth analysis techniques applicable to AHP to identify critical tradeoffs and sensitive points in the decision process. We apply our method to an example of a real-world distributed architecture presented in the literature. The results are promising in that they make important decision consequences explicit in terms of key design tradeoffs and the architecture's capability to handle future quality attribute changes. These expose critical decisions which are otherwise too subtle to be detected in standard AHP results. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.",Analytic hierarchy process | Architecture evaluation | Decision making | Multi-criteria decision making | Non functional requirements | Quality attributes | Sensitivity analysis | Software architecture | Trade-off,Software Quality Journal,2005-01-01,Article,"Zhu, Liming;Aurum, Aybüke;Gorton, Ian;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18144378050,10.1186/1479-5868-1-10,How can Health Behavior Theory be made more useful for intervention research?,"Background: The present paper expresses the author's views about the practical utility of Health Behavior Theory for health behavior intervention research. The views are skeptical and perhaps even a bit exaggerated. They are, however, also based on 20-plus years of in-the-trenches research focused on improving health behavior practice through research. Discussion: The author's research has been theoretically driven and has involved measurement of varying variables considered to be important theoretical mediators and moderators of health behavior. Regretfully, much of this work has found these variables wanting in basic scientific merit. Health Behavior Theory as we have known it over the last 25 years or so has been dominated by conceptualizations of behavior change processes that highlight cognitive decision-making. Although much of health behavior practice targets what people do rather than what they think, the logic of focusing on thoughts is that what people think about is the key to what they will do in the future, and that interventions that can measure and harness those processes will succeed to a greater extent than those that do not. Unfortunately, in the author's experience, the premise of cognitive theories has fallen short empirically in a number of ways. The cognitive schemata favored by most health behavior theories are difficult to measure, they do not predict behavioral outcomes very well, there is little evidence that they cause behavior, and they are hard to change directly. Summary: It is suggested that health behavior researchers reconsider their use of these theories in favor of models whose variables are more accessible to observation and experimental manipulation and that most importantly have strong empirical support. © 2004 Jeffery; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",,International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2004-07-23,Article,"Jeffery, Robert W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025454964,10.1049/sej.1990.0024,Calibrating estimation tools for software development,Desired improvement in the software process and product has given rise to greater use of quantitative management techniques in software development. The use of algorithmic-based software cost estimation tools has been a part of this movement. This paper uses data collected from six commercial organisations on 112 software projects to investigate the extent to which organisations need to calibrate these tools to their own environment. It is found that calibration is mandatory if reasonable accuracy is to be obtained from the tools.,,Software engineering journal,1990-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. R.;Low, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84943140351,10.1109/METRIC.2003.1232453,Using web objects for estimating software development effort for web applications,"Web development projects are certainly different from traditional software development projects and hence require differently tailored measures for accurate effort estimation. We investigate the suitability of a newly proposed size measure for Web development projects: Web objects. Web objects have been specifically developed for sizing Web applications and used for estimating effort in a COCOMO Il-like estimation model called WEBMO. However, no empirical validation has yet been published. We apply and validate the proposed Web object approach in the context of a small Australian Web development company, for the first time. Besides Web objects, we apply traditional function points as an effort predictor for Web applications. Effort estimation models based on Web objects are compared with models based on traditional function points using ordinary least squares regression (OLS). Tested on data from twelve Web applications, the estimates derived from estimation models using Web objects significantly outperformed models using function points, with a mean magnitude of relative error of 0.24 versus 0.33, respectively. Based on the results, it seems that Web objects are more suitable for effort estimation purposes of Web applications than traditional function points.",Application software | Australia | Business | Costs | Educational technology | Object oriented modeling | Predictive models | Programming | Size measurement | Software measurement,Proceedings - International Software Metrics Symposium,2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ruhe, M.;Jeffery, R.;Wieczorek, I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85019181894,10.1109/ASWEC.1996.534137,Comparing inspection strategies for software requirement specifications,"This paper reports on a laboratory experiment into the use of decomposition strategies in software requirements inspections. The experiment follows on from the work of Porter, Votta, and Basili who compared the use of scenarios with ad hoc and checklist techniques, finding (among other things) that the scenario technique was superior. This experiment compares the scenario technique with inspection strategies which are self set by the inspection team prior to the inspection but after they have seen the documents to be inspected. The specification used was a system developed by a software company for a client in the commercial sector. It was found that the commercial scenarios developed for the experiment were not superior to self set strategies. This suggests that the benefits to be derived from scenarios are derived through the decomposition process and that experienced people may be able to derive strategies that are at least as good, if not better, than a provided set of scenarios. An advantage we noticed with the provided scenarios was the manner in which this technique could be used to focus the reviewers' attention on particular defect types. This could be used to advantage in industry. The overall findings of this experiment supports and extends the earlier research on inspections.",,"Proceedings - 1996 Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC 1996",1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Benjamin;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029746756,10.1007/BF00125809,"Function point sizing: structure, validity and applicability","This paper reports on a study carried out within a software development organization to evaluate the use of function points as a measure of early lifecycle software size. There were three major aims to the research: firstly to determine the extent to which the component elements of function points were independent of each other and thus appropriate for an additive model of size; secondly to investigate the relationship between effort and (1) the function point components, (2) unadjusted function points, and (3) adjusted function points, to determine whether the complexity weightings and technology adjustments were adding to the effort explanation power of the metric; and thirdly to investigate the suitability of function points for sizing in client server developments. The results show that the component parts are not independent of each other which supports an earlier study in this area. In addition the complexity weights and technology factors do not improve the effort/size model, suggesting that a simplified sizing metric may be appropriate. With respect to the third aim it was found that the function point metric revealed a much lower productivity in the client server environment. This likely is a reflection of cost of the introduction of newer technologies but is in need of further research. © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers.",Client-server | Complexity adjustment | Effort model | Function points | Software size,Empirical Software Engineering,1996-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, Ross;Stathis, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866161137,10.1007/s13174-011-0050-y,On understanding the economics and elasticity challenges of deploying business applications on public cloud infrastructure,"The exposure of business applications to the web has considerably increased the variability of its workload patterns and volumes as the number of users/customers often grows and shrinks at various rates and times. Such application characteristics have increasingly demanded the need for flexible yet inexpensive computing infrastructure to accommodate variable workloads. The on-demand and per-use cloud computing model, specifically that of public Cloud Infrastructure Service Offerings (CISOs), has quickly evolved and adopted by majority of hardware and software computing companies with the promise of provisioning utility-like computing resources at massive economies of scale. However, deploying business applications on public cloud infrastructure does not lead to achieving desired economics and elasticity gains, and some challenges block the way for realizing its real benefits. These challenges are due to multiple differences between CISOs and application's requirements and characteristics. This article introduces a detailed analysis and discussion of the economics and elasticity challenges of business applications to be deployed and operate on public cloud infrastructure. This includes analysis of various aspects of public CISOs, modeling and measuring CISOs' economics and elasticity, application workload patterns and its impact on achieving elasticity and economics, economics-driven elasticity decisions and policies, and SLA-driven monitoring and elasticity of cloud-based business applications. The analysis and discussion are supported with motivating scenarios for cloud-based business applications. The paper provides a multi-lenses overview that can help cloud consumers and potential business application's owners to understand, analyze, and evaluate important economics and elasticity capabilities of different CISOs and its suitability for meeting their business application's requirements. © 2011 The Brazilian Computer Society.",Business applications | Cloud computing | Cloud infrastructure service offerings | Cost | Economics | Elasticity | IaaS | Scaling | SLA,Journal of Internet Services and Applications,2012-09-01,Article,"Suleiman, Basem;Sakr, Sherif;Jeffery, Ross;Liu, Anna",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0010881943,10.1109/ASWEC.2001.948512,Practical software process improvement-the IMPACT project,"For many years now software process improvement (SPI) has been recognised as an effective way for companies to improve the quality of the software they produce and the productivity with which they work. Much work has gone into developing and selling improvement paradigms, assessment methods, modelling languages, tools and technologies. The challenge for small-tomedium software development companies (SMEs) now is to find a way to apply these SPI technologies to realise their company's improvement goals. For SMEs the most pressing requirements for improvement paradigms are that they are not only effective but that they realise tangible results quickly, can be implemented incrementally and utilise the many existing process improvement technologies. This paper presents a framework for SPI that realises these needs. The framework is designed to utilise a range of improvement technologies and supports continuous and highly focused improvement over many projects, thus producing timely, cost-effective and tangible improvements for SMEs. The effectiveness of the framework is illustrated in this paper with its application in a small, Sydney-based, webdevelopment company.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Scott, Louise;Jeffery, Ross;Carvalho, Lucila;D'Ambra, John;Rutherford, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036660476,10.1016/S0950-5849(02)00080-0,Understanding the use of an electronic process guide,"This paper presents a case study of the installation and use of an electronic process guide within a small-to-medium software development company. The purpose of the study is to better understand how software engineers use this technology so that it can be improved and better used to support software process improvement. In the study the EPG was used to guide new processes in a software improvement programme. The use of the EPG was studied over a period of 8 months with data collected through access logs, by questionnaires and by interviews. The results show that the improvement programme was successful in improving project documentation, project management and the company's relationship with its customers. The EPG contributed to the improvement programme by providing support for the creation of templates for key project documentation, assisting with project planning and estimation and providing a forum for discussion of process and work practices. The biggest improvements that could be made to the EPG would be to provide better navigation tools including a graphical overview of the process, provide tailoring facilities, include examples and experience and link to a project management tool. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Electronic process guide | Empirical software engineering | Industrial case study | Software process improvement,Information and Software Technology,2002-07-01,Article,"Scott, Louise;Carvalho, Lucila;Jeffery, Ross;D'Ambra, John;Becker-Kornstaedt, Ulrike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857938565,10.1109/HICSS.2012.512,Scrum Practice Mitigation of Global Software Development Coordination Challenges: A Distinctive Advantage?,"Global software development is a major trend in software engineering. Practitioners are increasingly trying Agile methods in distributed projects to tap into the benefits experienced by co-located teams. This paper considers the issue by examining whether Scrum practices, used in four global software development projects to leverage the benefits of Agile methods over traditional software engineering methods, provided any distinctive advantage in mitigating coordination challenges. Four temporal, geographical and sociocultural distance-based coordination challenges and seven scrum practices are identified from the literature. The cases are analyzed for evidence of use of the Scrum practices to mitigate each challenge and whether the mitigation mechanisms employed relate to any distinctive characteristics of the Scrum method. While some mechanisms used were common to other/ traditional methods, it was found that Scrum offers a distinctive advantage in mitigating geographical and socio-cultural but not temporal distance-based GSD coordination challenges. Implications are discussed. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Bannerman, Paul L.;Hossain, Emam;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4944256736,,Mining patterns to support software architecture evaluation,"In this paper, we present an approach to improve the software architecture evaluation process by systematically extracting and appropriately documenting architecturally significant information from software architecture and design patterns; we are interested in only two pieces of information found in software patterns: general scenarios and architectural tactics. General scenarios distilled from patterns not only assist stakeholders in developing concrete scenarios during a scenario-based architecture evaluation, but can also help an architect select and calibrate a quality attribute reasoning framework. Architectural tactics in patterns are used as a means of manipulating independent parameters in the reasoning framework to achieve the desired quality. Moreover, we believe if we use general scenarios and tactics extracted from patterns in an architectural evaluation, the results of that evaluation can be used as an evidence to validate the pattern's claim with respect to the quality attributes. We demonstrate our approach by using EJB architecture usage patterns. We contend that this approach can be used to analyze and validate any architecture pattern.",,Proceedings - Fourth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2004),2004-10-18,Conference Paper,"Zhu, Liming;Babar, Muhammad Ali;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942535501,10.1109/APSEC.2002.1183076,Has twenty-five years of empirical software engineering made a difference?,"Our activities in software engineering typically fall into one of three categories, (1) to invent new phenomena, (2) to understand existing phenomena, and (3) to facilitate inspirational education. This paper explores the place of empirical software engineering in the first two of these activities. In this exploration evidence is drawn from the empirical literature in the areas of software inspections and software cost modelling and estimation. This research is then compared with the literature published in the Journal of Empirical Software Engineering. This evidence throws light on aspects of theory derivation, experimental methods and analysis, and also the challenges that we face as empirical software engineering evolves into the future.",Australia | Computer industry | Computer science | Computer science education | Costs | Educational products | Educational programs | Inspection | Software engineering | Software measurement,"Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC",2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, R.;Scott, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Application of cognitive complexity metrics to object-oriented programs,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84943174594,10.1109/METRIC.1993.263803,A framework for evaluation and prediction of metrics program success,"The need for metrics programs as a part of the improvement process for software development and enhancement has been recognized in the literature. Suggestions have been made for the successful implementation of such programs but little empirical research has been conducted to verify these suggestions. This paper looks at the results of three metrics programs in three different software organizations with which the authors have worked, compares the metrics program development process in those organizations with an evaluation framework developed from the literature, and suggests extensions which may be needed to this framework.",,"Proceedings - 1st International Software Metrics Symposium, METRIC 1993",1993-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, Ross;Berry, Mike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21744448782,10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60337-X,"Software cost estimation: A review of models, process, and practice","This article presents a review of software cost estimation models, processes, and practice. A general prediction process and a framework for selecting predictive measures and methods are proposed and used to analyze and interpret the research that is reviewed in this article. The prediction process and selection framework highlight the importance of measurement within the context of system development and the need to package and reuse experience to improve the accuracy of software cost estimates. As a result of our analysis we identify the need for further work to expand the range of models that are the focus of software cost estimation research. We also recommend that practitioners adopt an estimation process that incorporates feedback on the accuracy of estimates and packaging of experience. © 1997 Academic Press Inc.",,Advances in Computers,1997-01-01,Book Chapter,"Walkerden, Fiona;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023383914,10.1109/TSE.1987.233496,Time-sensitive cost models in the commercial MIS environment,"Current time-sensitive cost models suggest a significant impact on project effort if elapsed time compression or expansion is implemented. This paper reports an empirical study into the applicability of these models in the management information systems environment. It is found that elapsed time variation does not consistently affect project effort. This result is analyzed in terms of the theory supporting such a relationship, and an alternate relationship is suggested. Copyright © 1987 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost models | productivity | putnam model | software Project management | transformation of variables,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1987-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. Ross",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing programming productivity,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software project effort estimation: Foundations and best practice guidelines for success,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646804910,10.1016/j.jss.2005.06.043,An empirical study of groupware support for distributed software architecture evaluation process,"Software architecture evaluation is an effective means of addressing quality related issues early in the software development lifecycle. Scenario-based approaches to evaluate architecture usually involve a large number of stakeholders, who need to be collocated for face-to-face evaluation meetings. Collocating a large number of stakeholders is an expensive and time-consuming exercise, which may prove to be a hurdle in the wide-spread adoption of disciplined architectural evaluation practices. Drawing upon the successful introduction of groupware applications to support geographically distributed teams in software inspection, and requirements engineering disciplines, we propose the concept of distributed architectural evaluation using Internet-based collaborative technologies. This paper presents a pilot study used to assess the viability of a larger experiment intended to investigate the feasibility of groupware support for distributed software architecture evaluation. In addition, the results of the pilot study provide some preliminary findings on the viability of groupware-supported software architectural evaluation process. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Distributed software development | Empirical software engineering | Groupware systems | Software architecture evaluation | Software process improvement,Journal of Systems and Software,2006-07-01,Article,"Babar, Muhammad Ali;Kitchenham, Barbara;Zhu, Liming;Gorton, Ian;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Information systems design,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34047110886,10.1109/MS.2007.49,Misleading metrics and unsound analyses,"Although software measurement is a valuable management tool, software metrics are often not as useful as practitioners hope. Using data from large corporate databases, the authors describe how the ISO/IEC 15393 standard gives inappropriate advice for measuring software engineering processes. They also show how this advice, when combined with the CMM/ CMMI level 4 requirement for statistical process control, encourages the use of misleading metrics and inappropriate data aggregation and analysis techniques. They summarize lessons learned and recommend using small, meaningful data sets and effort-estimation models to assess productivity. © 2007 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2007-03-01,Article,"Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, David Ross;Connaughton, Colin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960240760,10.1007/978-3-642-21843-9_9,Scrum practices in global software development: a research framework,"Project stakeholder distribution in Global Software Development (GSD) is characterized by temporal, geographical and socio-cultural distance, which creates challenges for communication, coordination and control. Practitioners constantly seek strategies, practices and tools to counter the challenges of GSD. There is increasing interest in using Scrum in GSD even though it originally assumed collocation. However, empirically, little is known about how Scrum practices respond to the challenges of GSD. This paper develops a research framework from the literature as a basis for future research and practice. The framework maps current knowledge and views on how Scrum practices can be used to mitigate commonly recognized challenges in GSD. This research is useful as a reference guide for practitioners who are seeking to understand how Scrum practices can be used effectively in GSD, and for researchers as a research framework to validate and extend current knowledge. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2011-07-18,Conference Paper,"Hossain, Emam;Bannerman, Paul L.;Jeffery, D. Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949444906,,Validating the defect detection performance advantage of group designs for software reviews: report of a laboratory experiment using program code,"It is widely accepted that software development technical reviews (SDTRs) are a useful technique for finding defects in software products. Recent debates centre around the need for review meetings (Porter and Votta 1994, Porter et al 1995, McCarthy et al 1996, Lanubile and Visaggio 1996). This paper presents the findings of an experiment that was conducted to investigate the performance advantage of interacting groups over average individuals and artificial (nominal) groups. We found that interacting groups outperform the average individuals and nominal groups. The source of performance advantage of interacting groups is not in finding defects, but rather in discriminating between true defects and false positives. The practical implication for this research is that nominal groups constitute an alternative review design in situations where individuals discover a low level of false positives.",Defect detection | False positives | Interacting group | Nominal group | Software development technical review,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1997-01-01,Conference Paper,"Landf, Lesley Pek Wee;Sauer, Chris;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947390506,10.1109/QSIC.2005.17,Capturing and using software architecture knowledge for architecture-based software development,"Management of architecture knowledge is vital for improving an organization's architectural capabilities, Despite the recognition of the importance of capturing and reusing architecture knowledge, there is no suitable support mechanism. We have developed a conceptual framework to provide appropriate guidance and tool support for making tacit or informally described architecture knowledge explicit. This framework identifies different approaches to capturing implicit architecture knowledge. We discuss different usages of the captured knowledge to improve the effectiveness of architecture processes. This paper also presents a prototype of a web-based architecture knowledge management tool to support the storage and retrieval of the captured knowledge. The paper concludes with open issues that we plan to address in order to successfully transfer this support mechanism for capturing and using architecture knowledge to the industry. © 2005 IEEE.",Experience factory | Knowledge management | Process improvement | Software architecture | Software quality | Software reuse,Proceedings - International Conference on Quality Software,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Babar, Muhammad Ali;Gorton, Ian;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-8344225273,,An experiment in inspecting the quality of use case descriptions,"Achieving higher quality software is one of the aims sought by development organizations worldwide. Establishing defect free statements of requirements is a key strategy for achieving improvements in quality. In this paper we present the results of a laboratory experiment that explored the application of a checklist in the process of inspecting use case descriptions. We compare the checklist with others in the literature then report experimental findings. A simple experimental design was adopted in which the control group used an ad hoc approach and the treatment group was provided with a six-point checklist. The defects identified in the experiment were classified at three levels of significance: i. Internal to the use case ii. Specification impact, and iii. Requirements impact. It was found that the identification of requirements defects was not significantly different between the control and treatment groups, but that more specification and internal defects were found by the groups using the checklist. In the paper we explore the implications of these findings.",,Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology,2004-11-22,Article,"Cox, Karl;Aurum, Aybüke;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018678521,,An inter-organisational comparison of programming productivity,"The factors which influence program size and program development time have been investigated across three dissimilar organizations. Data on a total of 93 COBOL programs has been collected and analyzed. Eighteen variables covering the characteristics of the program programmer and programming environment were recorded. Program size and program development time were found to have a strong program characteristic and organization dependency. Programmer characteristics did not appear to play a role in influencing program size or program development time. The best determinant of program development time was found to be procedure division lines of code, which gave simple regression R**2 in excess of . 79 for the two organizations using well formulated programming standards. Productivity measures based on lines of code per hour are shown to be misleading in inter-organizational comparisons.",,"Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Publications",1979-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, D. R.;Lawrence, H. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888385776,10.1016/j.infsof.2013.07.001,Investigating dependencies in software requirements for change propagation analysis,"Context The dependencies between individual requirements have an important influence on software engineering activities e.g., project planning, architecture design, and change impact analysis. Although dozens of requirement dependency types were suggested in the literature from different points of interest, there still lacks an evaluation of the applicability of these dependency types in requirements engineering. Objective Understanding the effect of these requirement dependencies to software engineering activities is useful but not trivial. In this study, we aimed to first investigate whether the existing dependency types are useful in practise, in particular for change propagation analysis, and then suggest improvements for dependency classification and definition. Method We conducted a case study that evaluated the usefulness and applicability of two well-known generic dependency models covering 25 dependency types. The case study was conducted in a real-world industry project with three participants who offered different perspectives. Results Our initial evaluation found that there exist a number of overlapping and/or ambiguous dependency types among the current models; five dependency types are particularly useful in change propagation analysis; and practitioners with different backgrounds possess various viewpoints on change propagation. To improve the state-of-the-art, a new dependency model is proposed to tackle the problems identified from the case study and the related literature. The new model classifies dependencies into intrinsic and additional dependencies on the top level, and suggests nine dependency types with precise definitions as its initial set. Conclusions Our case study provides insights into requirement dependencies and their effects on change propagation analysis for both research and practise. The resulting new dependency model needs further evaluation and improvement. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Case study | Change propagation | Impact analysis | Keywords | Requirement dependency | Requirement relationship | Requirement traceability,Information and Software Technology,2014-01-01,Article,"Zhang, He;Li, Juan;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross;Liu, Yan;Wang, Qing;Li, Mingshu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034315093,10.1023/A:1026534430984,An instrument for assessing software measurement programs,"This paper reports on the development and validation of an instrument for the collection of empirical data on the establishment and conduct of software measurement programs. The instrument is distinguished by a novel emphasis on defining the context in which a software measurement program operates. This emphasis is perceived to be the key to 1) generating knowledge about measurement programs that can be generalised to various contexts, and, 2) supporting a contingency approach to the conduct of measurement programs. A pilot study of thirteen measurement programs was carried out to trial the instrument. Analysis of this data suggests that collecting observations of software measurement programs with the instrument will lead to more complete knowledge of program success factors that will provide assistance to practitioners in an area that has proved notoriously difficult.",,Empirical Software Engineering,2000-11-01,Article,"Berry, Michael;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33750093532,10.1109/ASWEC.2006.42,Qualitative simulation model for software engineering process,"Software process simulation models hold out the promise of improving project planning and control. However, quantitative models require a very detailed understanding of the software process. In particular, process knowledge needs to be represented quantitatively which requires extensive, reliable software project data. When such data is lacking, quantitative models must impose severe constraints, restricting the value of the models. In contrast qualitative models are able to cope with imprecise knowledge by reasoning at a more abstract level. This paper illustrates the value and flexibility of qualitative models by developing a model of the software staffing process and comparing it with other quantitative staffing models. We show that the qualitative model provides more insights into the staffing process than the quantitative models because it requires fewer constraints and can thus simulate more behaviors. In particular, the qualitative model produces three possible outcomes: adding staff can increases project duration (i.e. Brooks' Law), adding staff may not affect duration, or adding staff may decrease duration. The qualitative model allows us to determine the conditions under which the different outcomes can occur. © 2006 IEEE.",Brooks' Law | Process simulation | QDE | Qualitative simulation model | Software process modeling | Staffing process,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2006-10-24,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Huo, Ming;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012526611,10.1109/ACSC.2000.824391,Type classes in Mercury,"The type systems of functional languages such as Haskell have recently become more powerful and expressive. They not only allow programmers to write code that works on values of any type (genericity), they also allow programmers to require that a particular type belongs to a given type class (constrained genericity). Such code may use any of the methods of the type class, since every type that is a member of the type class must implement those methods. This capability makes it significantly easier to express solutions to many common problems, and promotes code reuse. Incorporating type classes in a logic programming language provides some new challenges. In this paper, we explain how we have extended Mercury's type system to include support for type classes. We show that type classes integrate very nicely with Mercury's mode, determinism and uniqueness systems, and describe how our implementation works.",,"Proceedings - 23rd Australasian Computer Science Conference, ACSC 2000",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, D.;Henderson, F.;Somogyi, Z.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960587921,10.1145/1987875.1987894,Towards an understanding of tailoring scrum in global software development: a multi-case study,"There is growing interest in applying Scrum practices in Global Software Development to leverage the advantages of both. However, the effective use of Scrum practices largely depends on close interactions between project stakeholders. The distribution of project stakeholders in GSD provides significant challenges related to project collaboration processes that may limit the use of Scrum. However, project managers increasingly seek to use the Scrum model in their distributed projects. While there is an emerging body of industrial experience, there are limited empirical studies that discuss Scrum tailoring in GSD. The paper reports a multi-case study that investigates the impact of key project contextual factors on the use of Scrum practices in GSD. This study is relevant to researchers and practitioners who are seeking ways to use Scrum in GSD and improve project effectiveness. © 2011 ACM.",case study | global software development | scrum,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2011-07-26,Conference Paper,"Hossain, Emam;Bannerman, Paul L.;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-37649012568,10.1007/s10664-007-9052-6,Comparing distributed and face-to-face meetings for software architecture evaluation: A controlled experiment,"Scenario-based methods for evaluating software architecture require a large number of stakeholders to be collocated for evaluation meetings. Collocating stakeholders is often an expensive exercise. To reduce expense, we have proposed a framework for supporting software architecture evaluation process using groupware systems. This paper presents a controlled experiment that we conducted to assess the effectiveness of one of the key activities, developing scenario profiles, of the proposed groupware-supported process of evaluating software architecture. We used a cross-over experiment involving 32 teams of three 3rd and 4th year undergraduate students. We found that the quality of scenario profiles developed by distributed teams using a groupware tool were significantly better than the quality of scenario profiles developed by face-to-face teams (p∈<∈0.001). However, questionnaires indicated that most participants preferred the face-to-face arrangement (82%) and 60% thought the distributed meetings were less efficient. We conclude that distributed meetings for developing scenario profiles are extremely effective but that tool support must be of a high standard or participants will not find distributed meetings acceptable. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.",Architecture evaluation | Controlled experiments | Groupware support | Process improvement | Scenario development,Empirical Software Engineering,2008-02-01,Conference Paper,"Babar, Muhammad Ali;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942525336,10.1109/ASWEC.2004.1290457,The challenge of introducing a new software cost estimation technology into a small software organisation,"Fostering innovation is the key to survival in today's IT business and is exemplified by introducing new technologies and methods to improve the development processes. This paper presents a follow-up case study of technology transfer in a small software organisation. A new software estimation technique, Web-CoBRA was introduced to a small software company to improve their software estimation process. Web-CoBRA was considerably more accurate than the company's current estimation process. However, despite management being aware of this improvement, the company has not fully adopted the new method. We used interviews and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire to assess the extent to which Web-CoBRA was used by the company. We found take-up of part of the Web-CoBRA technology but the full technology and the support tools were not used. We identify the reasons for the failure to adopt the Web-CoBRA technology and identify several areas for improving technology transfer activities.",Software cost estimation | Software engineering | Technology transition | Web development,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2004-06-22,Conference Paper,"Keung, Jacky;Jeffery, Ross;Kitchenham, Barbara",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031346333,,Validating the defect detection performance advantage of group designs for software reviews: Report of a replicated experiment,"It is widely accepted that software development technical reviews (SDTRs) are a useful technique for finding defects in software products. The normative SDTR literature assumes that group reviews are better than individual reviews [4,5,26,31]. Recent debates centre around the need for review meetings [13,15,19,20]. This paper presents the findings of a replicated experiment that was conducted to investigate whether group review meetings are needed and why. We found that an interacting group is the preferred choice over the average individual and artificial (nominal) groups. The source of performance advantage of interacting groups is not synergy as was previously thought, but rather in discriminating between true defects and false positives identified by individual reviewers. As a practical implication, nominal groups may be an alternative review design in situations where individuals exhibit a low level of false positives.",,Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference,1997-12-01,Conference Paper,"Land, Lesley Pek Wee;Jeffery, Ross;Sauer, Chris",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023367414,10.1016/0164-1212(87)90016-1,A software development productivity model for MIS environments,"A major portion of MIS department costs are incurred in developing systems. There is a great need for models that can be used with confidence: 1. (1) to predict software development time and cost. 2. (2) to explore software development schedule options. 3. (3) to use as a basis for control over the development process. The goal of this research was to determine a model that could be used to understand the productivity relationships in the MIS environment. Using the work of Fred Brooks as a basis, three empirical studies have been carried out to determine appropriate models for MIS development. The productivity model developed was able to explain over 70% of the productivity variation found in Cobol, Pick/Basic, and Focus implementation environments. This model could be used as a basis for project planning and control for different organizations, hardware environments, operating systems, or development methodologies. The model has been extended in the Focus environment to include additional factors such as team attitudes and experience. This extension has suggested important interactions that are now in need of further research. © 1987.",,The Journal of Systems and Software,1987-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84977577819,10.1007/3-540-44813-6_5,Cognitive structures of software evaluation: A means-end chain analysis of quality,"This paper reports on a study of eight interviews conducted in an Australian Internet/Telecommunications organization. We sought to study the stakeholders’ understanding of software quality, and the level of importance perceived in regard to different characteristics of software quality. The research finds that different stakeholders have different views of software quality. The research also finds that desired values and consequences sought by the stakeholder influence their view of quality and their choice of product characteristics used in their quality evaluation.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wong, Bernard;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021405780,10.1016/0378-7206(84)90013-2,The impact of requirements analysis upon user satisfaction with packaged software,This article explores the relationship between carrying out requirements analysis activities and ultimate satisfaction with the software acquired. The requirements analysis activities performed by a sample of twelve organizations which acquired a particular general accounting package are evaluated. The satisfaction with the package is determined and analysis performed to establish the relationships between requirements analysis and user satisfaction. It is determined that for the particular population sampled there is little relationship. Possible reasons for this counter-intuitive finding are advanced. © 1983.,implementation | Information systems | requirements analysis | software packages,Information and Management,1984-01-01,Article,"Edmundson, R. H.;Jeffery, D. R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85107765359,10.1016/j.asr.2021.05.026,Requirements engineering process models in practice,"As part of the evolution of the Space market in the last years – globally referred to as Space 2.0 - small companies are playing an increasingly relevant role in different aerospace projects. Business incubators established by European Space Agency (ESA) and similar entities are evidence of the need of moving initiatives to small companies characterized by greater flexibility to develop specific activities. Software is a key component in most aerospace projects, and the success of the initiatives and projects usually depends on the capability of developing reliable software following well-defined standards. But small entities face some difficulties when adopting software development standards that have been conceived thinking on larger organizations and big programs. The need of defining software development standards tailored to small companies and groups is a permanent subject of discussion not only in the aerospace field, and has led in recent years to the publication of the ISO/IEC 29110 series of systems and software engineering standards and guides, aimed to solve the issues that Very Small Entities (VSEs) () – settings having up to twenty-five people -, found with other standards like CMMI® or SPICE. This paper discusses the tailoring defined by different aerospace organizations for VSEs in the aerospace industry, and presents a conceptual arrangement of the standard based on meta-modeling languages that allow the extension and full customization with the incorporation of specific software engineering requirements and practices from ECSS (European Cooperation for Space Standardization).",Maturity models | SMEs | Software | Software development | Software engineering standards | SPICE,Advances in Space Research,2021-10-01,Article,"Eito-Brun, Ricardo;Amescua-Seco, Antonio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949208510,10.1145/129852.129858,"CASE: a testbed for modeling, measurement and management",,maturity model | metrics envelope | software capability | software maturity | TAME,Communications of the ACM,1992-01-04,Article,"Tate, Graham;Verner, June;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34047187013,10.1145/1134285.1134347,Lessons learnt from the analysis of large-scale corporate databases,"This paper presents the lessons learnt during the analysis of the corporate databases developed by IBM Global Services (Australia). IBM is rated as CMM level 5. Following CMM level 4 and above practices, IBM designed several software metrics databases with associated data collection and reporting systems to manage its corporate goals. However, IBM quality staff believed the data were not as useful as they had expected. NICTA staff undertook a review of IBM's statistical process control procedures and found problems with the databases mainly due to a lack of links between the different data tables. Such problems might be avoided by using M3P variant of the GQM paradigm to define a hierarchy of goals, with project goals at the lowest level, then process goals and corporate goals at the highest level. We propose using E-R models to identify problems with existing databases and to design databases once goals have been defined. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Corporate data | GQM | M P 3 | Software metrics databases,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2006-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kitchenham, Barbara;Kutay, Cat;Jeffery, Ross;Connaughton, Colin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Optimizing compilation of constraint handling rules,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Impact of research on practice in the field of inspections, reviews and walkthroughs: learning from successful industrial uses",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053161618,10.1007/978-3-642-22386-0_18,State of the practice in software effort estimation: a survey and literature review,"Effort estimation is a key factor for software project success, defined as delivering software of agreed quality and functionality within schedule and budget. Traditionally, effort estimation has been used for planning and tracking project resources. Effort estimation methods founded on those goals typically focus on providing exact estimates and usually do not support objectives that have recently become important within the software industry, such as systematic and reliable analysis of causal effort dependencies. This article presents the results of a study of software effort estimation from an industrial perspective. The study surveys industrial objectives, the abilities of software organizations to apply certain estimation methods, and actually applied practices of software effort estimation. Finally, requirements for effort estimation methods identified in the survey are compared against existing estimation methods. © 2011 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.",effort estimation | project management | software | state of the art | state of the practice | survey,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2011-09-29,Conference Paper,"Trendowicz, Adam;Münch, Jürgen;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Toward a framework for capturing and using architecture design knowledge,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Systems analysis and design,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880788524,10.1016/j.infsof.2013.03.007,AREION: Software effort estimation based on multiple regressions with adaptive recursive data partitioning,"Context Along with expert judgment, analogy-based estimation, and algorithmic methods (such as Function point analysis and COCOMO), Least Squares Regression (LSR) has been one of the most commonly studied software effort estimation methods. However, an effort estimation model using LSR, a single LSR model, is highly affected by the data distribution. Specifically, if the data set is scattered and the data do not sit closely on the single LSR model line (do not closely map to a linear structure) then the model usually shows poor performance. In order to overcome this drawback of the LSR model, a data partitioning-based approach can be considered as one of the solutions to alleviate the effect of data distribution. Even though clustering-based approaches have been introduced, they still have potential problems to provide accurate and stable effort estimates. Objective In this paper, we propose a new data partitioning-based approach to achieve more accurate and stable effort estimates via LSR. This approach also provides an effort prediction interval that is useful to describe the uncertainty of the estimates. Method Empirical experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach by comparing with the basic LSR approach and clustering-based approaches, based on industrial data sets (two subsets of the ISBSG (Release 9) data set and one industrial data set collected from a banking institution). Results The experimental results show that the proposed approach not only improves the accuracy of effort estimation more significantly than that of other approaches, but it also achieves robust and stable results according to the degree of data partitioning. Conclusion Compared with the other considered approaches, the proposed approach shows a superior performance by alleviating the effect of data distribution that is a major practical issue in software effort estimation. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Adaptive recursive data partitioning | Data distribution | Least squares regression | Software cost estimation | Software effort estimation | Software project management,Information and Software Technology,2013-10-01,Article,"Seo, Yeong Seok;Bae, Doo Hwan;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885581035,10.1145/1137702.1137711,An exploratory study of process enactment as input to software process improvement,Software process improvement has been a focus of industry for many years. To assist the procedure and implementation of software process improvement we provide a software process recovery method based on mining project enactment data. The goal of process recovery is to improve the quality of a planned software process. We investigate the enactment of a planned software process from the view of understanding the appropriateness and fitness for purpose of the process model from the viewpoint of the project managers in the context of a small software development organization. We collected empirical data from this organization and then applied our method to a pilot case study. The main contribution of our work is to provide a methodology of software process model recovery which supports software process improvement. © 2006 ACM.,Process mining | Software process improvement,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Huo, Ming;Zhang, He;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10644278705,10.1016/j.infsof.2004.06.005,An exploratory study into the use of qualitative research methods in descriptive process modelling,"The paper describes an exploratory study that investigated two descriptive software process models derived from the same process data using two different techniques. To set the context, the paper describes qualitative methods, particularly grounded theory and its techniques, and then explores the nature of the differences in the two models produced. It suggests ways in which constant comparison may contribute to the process-modelling task. As far as we are aware, it also serves as the first exploratory research on the application of this method in the software engineering process research domain. Based on data analysis using the technique of constant comparison often used in grounded theory research, a naive process modeller derived one of the models. An experienced process engineer relying heavily on experience and skill using an ad hoc approach derived the second model. The aim of the study was to explore differences in the models derived and to use this comparison as a basis for reflection on the method conventionally used in descriptive process modelling in contrast with the use of more formal qualitative analysis. The results show that (1) data analysis using the technique of constant comparison could be successfully applied to analyse process data, (2) the person with little experience in process modelling could produce a process model based on the data analysis using constant comparison and (3) the process model produced by the naive modeller was not equivalent to that produced by an experienced process engineer. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Descriptive process modelling | Process engineering | Qualitative research methods | Software engineering,Information and Software Technology,2005-02-01,Article,"Carvalho, Lucila;Scott, Louise;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-46149115175,10.1109/APSEC.2006.14,A systematic approach to process enactment analysis as input to software process improvement or tailoring,Software process improvement has been a focus of industry for many years. To assist the procedure and implementation of process improvement we provide a software process recovery method based on mining project enactment data. The goal of the method is to uncover the actual process used in order to provide input to improve the quality of a defined software process. The recovered model (or patterns) is at the same level of abstraction as the predefined process model. This provides an easy and clear way to identify the gap between the planned process model and the real enactment. We investigate the enactment of a defined software process from the view of understanding the appropriateness and fitness for purpose of the process model from the viewpoint of the project managers in the context of a small software development organization. We collected data from organizations and applied our method to a pilot case study. The main contribution of our work is to provide a software process model recovery method which supports software process change and improvement. © 2006 IEEE.,,"Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC",2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Ming, Huo;He, Zhang;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023538028,,"The relationship between team size, experience, and attitudes and software development productivity","Eight empirical studies have been carried out in three phases to determine appropriate models to describe productivity aspects of the process of developing management information systems (MIS). In the first study, data on 47 MIS projects was collected from four organizations to verify the importance of elapsed-time compression on software development productivity. The subsequent studies concerned the development and verification of a productivity model for the MIS environment. The model developed has been tested in Cobol, mainframe and microcomputer BASIC, Focus, and PL1/SQL implementation environments. The model incorporates project size and staffing level variables, and has been extended in the Focus implementation environment to incorporate team attitude and experience variables.",,Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society's International Computer Software & Applications Conference,1987-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffrey, D. Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646682848,10.1016/j.infsof.2005.06.002,The use and effects of an electronic process guide and experience repository: a longitudinal study,"This paper presents a consolidated view of two evaluations on the use of an electronic process guide and experience repository within a small software development company. The use and effects of the tool were studied over a period of one and a half years, first for 6 months and then 1 year after its installation, for another 5 months. The tool was used regularly and in a consistent manner in both studies but declining usage was observed in the second study. The repository remained used to retrieve mostly examples and templates but the number of retrievals of anecdotal experiences, such as lessons learned had noticeably increased. Similar benefits such as time saving and improved documentation quality were observed in both studies, with additional benefits in the second study like improved project planning and cost estimation, and easier negotiation and traceability of altered or new system requirements with clients. The initial load that users experienced in learning to use the tool was not observed in the second study. The results show that tangible benefits can be realised quickly and continued to be experienced, leading to users having higher morale and more confidence in executing their tasks. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Electronic process guide | Experience repository | Industry case study | Software process improvement,Information and Software Technology,2006-07-01,Article,"Kurniawati, Felicia;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A framework for software development technical reviews,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942555006,10.1109/ASWEC.2004.1290465,The long-term effects of an EPG/ER in a small software organisation,"This paper presents an assessment of the usage of an improved Electronic Process Guide/Experience Repository (EPG/ER) tool about a year after its installation in a small-to-medium software development company (SME). The current study, conducted over 21 weeks, reveals the long-term effects of EPG/ER usage in the company. The findings not only validate results from previously published preliminary evaluations on the effectiveness of the EPG/ER as a Software Process Improvement (SPI) tool but also demonstrate the ability of the EPG/ER to be incrementally improved to suit the changing needs of the company. Our study shows that tangible benefits from the use of the EPG/ER can not only be realized quickly but also, more importantly, that the tool remains useful with many more benefits accruing over time.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2004-06-22,Conference Paper,"Kurniawati, Felicia;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949989926,10.1007/3-540-36209-6_11,A framework for software quality evaluation,"The primary objective of this paper was to propose and empirically test a theoretical model for Software Quality Evaluation based on Gutman’s Means-End Chain Model. Recent studies of Gutman’s Model have found it significant for software quality evaluation. As such the proposed framework introduces the first theoretical model for software quality evaluation, which considers the motivation behind the quality evaluation, and the utilization of cognitive structures to describe these relationships. The framework not only gives the rationale for the choice of characteristics used in software quality evaluation, but also introduces the possibility that the characteristics can be used to measure the capability for attaining desired consequences and sought after values. To test this proposed framework, a study of 22 commercial Australian companies was conducted and analyzed with Path Analysis. Results of the analysis provided a number of important insights and suggest several conclusions. The study showed (1) that there is support for applying Gutman’s Means-end chain model as the theoretical foundation for a framework on software quality evaluation; (2) that characteristics can be used as a measure to predict the capability of the software on desired consequences and values; (3) that non-ISO9126 characteristics are also important for software evaluation; (4) that the characteristic, consequence, value relationship can be valuable to benefit the Goal Question Metric model",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Wong, Bernard;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Empirical software engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0019608172,10.1016/0378-7206(81)90057-4,Some issues in the measurement and control of programming productivity,"In view of the escalating proportion of data processing expenditure going into software development, the measurement and control of software costs has become an important issue for commercial data processing managers. This paper surveys the state of the art in programming productivity research, investigates the application of research results to e.d.p. management, and suggests ways in which future research efforts can be improved. The apparent inconsistencies in the published literature of the field are high-lighted and some possible explanations for them are advanced. © 1981.",information systems management | Programming productivity | software development | software metrics,Information and Management,1981-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. R.;Lawrence, M. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886044706,10.1109/RELENG.2013.6607688,Eliciting operations requirements for applications,"The DevOps community advocates communication between the operations staff and the development staff as a means of ensuring that the developers understand the issues associated with operations. This paper argues that 'communication' is too vague and that there are a variety of specific and well known sources that developers can examine to determine requirements to support the installation and operations of an application product. These sources include standards, process descriptions, studies about sources of failure in configuration and upgrade, and models that include both product and process. © 2013 IEEE.",applications requirements | devops | operations processes,"2013 1st International Workshop on Release Engineering, RELENG 2013 - Proceedings",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Bass, Len;Jeffery, Ross;Wada, Hiroshi;Weber, Ingo;Zhu, Liming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865520818,10.1049/ic.2012.0002,Preliminary results of a systematic review on requirements evolution,"Background: Software systems must evolve in order to adapt in a timely fashion to the rapid changes of stakeholder needs, technologies, business environment and society regulations. Numerous studies have shown that cost, schedule or defect density of a software project may escalate as the requirements evolve. Requirements evolution management has become one important topic in requirements engineering research. Aim: To depict a holistic state-of-the-art of requirement evolution management. Method: We undertook a systematic review on requirements evolution management. Results: 125 relevant studies were identified and reviewed. This paper reports the preliminary results from this review: (1) the terminology and definition of requirements evolution; (2) fourteen key activities in requirements evolution management; (3) twenty-eight metrics of requirements evolution for three measurement goals. Conclusions: Requirements evolution is a process of continuous change of requirements in a certain direction. Most existing studies focus on how to deal with evolution after it happens. In the future, more research attention on exploring the evolution laws and predicting evolution is encouraged.",management process | measurement | requirements change | requirements evolution | systematic literature review,IET Seminar Digest,2012-09-03,Conference Paper,"Li, Juan;Zhang, He;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross;Wang, Qing;Li, Mingshu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Lessons Learned from the Failure of an Experience Base Initiative Using Bottom-up Development Paradigm,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023863750,,Validating the tame resource data model,"The authors present a conceptual model of software development resource data and validates the model by references to the published literatures on necessary resource data for development support environments. The conceptual model was developed using a top-down strategy. A resource data model is a prerequisite to the development of integrated project support environments which aim to assist in the processes of resource estimation, evaluation, and control. The model proposed is a four-dimensional view of resources which can be used for resource estimation, utilization, and review. The model is validated by reference to three publications on resource databases, and the implications of the model arising out of these comparisons is discussed.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1988-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, D. Ross;Basili, Victor R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34447640743,10.1071/MR02014,Microscopic structure of the mantle and palps in the freshwater mussels Velesunio ambiguus and Hyridella depressa (Bivalvia: Hyriidae),"There has been increasing interest in freshwater mussels (order Unionoida) in recent years because their numbers are declining in many parts of the world and also because they have potential as monitors of pollution. Most studies have been performed on the families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae from North America and Europe, and comparatively little is known of the Hyriidae from Australasia. The present study describes the microscopic structure of tissues in the mantle and palps of two hyriid mussels, namely Velesunio ambiguus and Hyridella depressa, as viewed by light and electron microscopy. The two mussels show similarities with the unionids and margaritiferids, particularly the presence of extracellular mineralised granules. The mantle and palps of V. ambiguus and H. depressa consist of flaps of tissue bordered on the inner and outer surfaces by simple epithelia. The intervening tissue is dominated by connective tissue containing vesicular cells, muscle, nerves and blood spaces with haemocytes. Orange-yellow extracellular calcified granules are a prominent feature of the interstitial tissues. The abundance of calcified granules in the mantle of H. depressa is greater than that in V. ambiguus and there are differences in the appearance of the apical vesicles in epithelial cells. © Malacological Society of Australasia 2003.",Australia | Connective tissue | Epithelium | Granules | Ultrastructure,Molluscan Research,2003-12-01,Article,"Colville, Anne E.;Lim, Richard P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Preliminary results of an industrial EPG evaluation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Quality metrics: ISO9126 and stakeholder perceptions,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An empirical evaluation of the use of CASE tools,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79959870251,10.1145/1985793.1985993,Impact of process simulation on software practice: an initial report,"Process simulation has become a powerful technology in support of software project management and process improvement over the past decades. This research, inspired by the Impact Project, intends to investigate the technology transfer of software process simulation to the use in industrial settings, and further identify the best practices to release its full potential in software practice. We collected the reported applications of process simulation in software industry, and identified its wide adoption in the organizations delivering various software intensive systems. This paper, as an initial report of the research, briefs a historical perspective of the impact upon practice based on the documented evidence, and also elaborates the research-practice transition by examining one detailed case study. It is shown that research has a significant impact on practice in this area. The analysis of impact trace also reveals that the success of software process simulation in practice highly relies on the association with other software process techniques or practices and the close collaboration between researchers and practitioners. © 2011 ACM.",impact analysis | process simulation | software process,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2011-07-07,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Jeffery, Ross;Houston, Dan;Huang, Liguo;Zhu, Liming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942600423,10.1109/APSEC.2002.1183096,A process-centred experience repository for a small software organisation,"This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of an experience repository in a small software organisation. The experience repository was developed and installed as part of an ongoing software process improvement effort and uses software process to structure experience and make it available for reuse. The experience repository is accessed through a web-based process guide with experiences related to particular tasks linked directly to the pages describing those tasks. This way experiences, including examples of documents, checklists or unstructured experiences such as anecdotes and lessons learnt can be easily entered and retrieved by users when required. This paper presents the design of the repository, the implementation and preliminary results regarding its acceptance and use.",Australia | Computer science | Design engineering | Feedback | Investments | Knowledge management | Maintenance | Production facilities | Programming | Software quality,"Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC",2002-01-01,Conference Paper,"Scott, L.;Carvalho, L.;Jeffery, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888924659,10.1109/ASWEC.2000.844561,Implementing an experience factory based on existing organisational knowledge,"Describes the development of an experience factory in an Australian organization involved in the field of telecommunications. Information structures were well developed and used in the daily work of the organization. This included the use of network technology as well as the personal interaction between department members. Highly motivated personnel drove improvement via new techniques, knowledge and tools. A special focus existed to simplify work tasks through tool support. Daily work and problem solving was strongly based on personnel interaction and access to knowledge bases (documentation, mail lists, etc.). The goal of the project was to package personnel experience and best practices, and provide an effective framework for access and integration.",Australia | Best practices | Electrical capacitance tomography | Information systems | Packaging | Personnel | Postal services | Production facilities | Software engineering | Software quality,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Koennecker, A.;Jeffery, R.;Low, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864184795,10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227120,Large-scale formal verification in practice: A process perspective,"The L4.verified project was a rare success in large-scale, formal verification: it provided a formal, machine-checked, code-level proof of the full functional correctness of the seL4 microkernel. In this paper we report on the development process and management issues of this project, highlighting key success factors. We formulate a detailed descriptive model of its middle-out development process, and analyze the evolution and dependencies of code and proof artifacts. We compare our key findings on verification and re-verification with insights from other verification efforts in the literature. Our analysis of the project is based on complete access to project logs, meeting notes, and version control data over its entire history, including its long-term, ongoing maintenance phase. The aim of this work is to aid understanding of how to successfully run large-scale formal software verification projects. © 2012 IEEE.",formal methods | L4 | microkernel | program verification | software process,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2012-07-30,Conference Paper,"Andronick, June;Jeffery, Ross;Klein, Gerwin;Kolanski, Rafal;Staples, Mark;Zhang, He;Zhu, Liming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44649098383,10.1007/978-3-540-79588-9_11,Scaling up software architecture evaluation processes,"As software systems become larger and more decentralized, increasingly cross organizational boundaries and continue to change, traditional structural and prescriptive software architectures are becoming more rule-centric for better accommodating changes and regulating distributed design and development processes. This is particularly true for Ultra-Large-Scale (ULS) systems and industry-wide reference architectures. However, existing architecture design and evaluation processes have mainly been designed for structural architecture and do not scale up to large and complex system of systems. In this paper, we propose a new software architecture evaluation process - Evaluation Process for Rule-centric Architecture (EPRA). EPRA reuses and tailors existing proven architecture analysis process components and scales up to complex software-intensive system of systems. We exemplify EPRA's use in an architecture evaluation exercise for a rule-centric industry reference architecture. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2008-06-09,Conference Paper,"Zhu, Liming;Staples, Mark;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-37149044778,10.1007/978-3-540-72426-1_5,Effects of architecture and technical development process on micro-process,"Current software development methodologies (such as agile and RUP) are largely management-centred, macro-process life-cycle models. While they may include some fine-grained micro-process development practices, they usually provide little concrete guidance on appropriate microprocess level day-to-day development activities. The major factors that affect such micro-process activities are not well understood. We propose that software architecture and technical development processes are two major factors. We describe how these two factors affect micro-process activities. We validate our claim by mining micro-processes from two commercial projects and investigating relationships with software architecture and technical development processes. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.",Architecture | Macro-process | Micro-process | Process mining,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross;Staples, Mark;Huo, Ming;Tran, Tu Tak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646576865,10.1109/ASWEC.2005.24,Evaluation of effects of pair work on quality of designs,"Quality is a key issue in the development of software products. Although the literature acknowledges the importance of the design phase of software lifecycle and the effects of the design process and intermediate products on the final product, little progress has been achieved in addressing the quality of designs. This is partly due to difficulties associated in defining quality attributes with precision and measurement of the many different types and styles of design products, as well as problems with assessing the methodologies utilized in the design process. In this research we report on an empirical investigation that we conducted to examine and evaluate quality attributes of design products created through a process of pair-design and solo-design. The process of pair-design methodology involves pair programming principles where two people work together and periodically switch between the roles of driver and navigator. The evaluation of the quality of design products was based on ISO/IEC 9126 standards. Our results show some mixed findings about the effects of pair work on the quality of design products. © 2005 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Al-Kilidar, Hiyam;Parkin, Peter;Aurum, Aybüke;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Mining patterns for improving architecting activities-a research program and preliminary assessment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034156753,10.1023/A:1009893716489,The use of procedural roles in code inspections: an experimental study,"Software inspections are important for finding defects in software products (Fagan, 1976; Gilb, 1993; Humphrey, 1995; Strauss and Ebenau, 1994). A typical inspection includes two stages: individual preparation followed by a group review with roles assigned to each reviewer. Research has shown that group tasks typically result in process loss (Lorge et al., 1958; Steiner, 1972). In software defect detection also, considerable defects found during individual preparation are subsequently not reported by the group (Porter and Votta, 1994; Porter et al., 1995, 1997; Land et al., 1997a, 1997b; Siy, 1996; Votta, 1993). Our objective is to study whether procedural roles (moderator, reader, recorder) affect group performance, particularly in terms of process loss. At the same time, the use of roles in software reviews has also not been empirically validated, although there are wide claims for their benefits. Procedural roles made a limited difference to group performance. Further analyses provide possible explanations for the results and a deeper understanding of how groups make their decisions based on individual reviewers' findings. Limitations of the research are discussed. We also suggest how procedural roles may greater impact group performance. © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers.",Defect detection | Procedural roles | Process loss | Review meeting | Software inspections,Empirical Software Engineering,2000-01-01,Article,"Land, Lesley Pek Wee;Sauer, Chris;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software engineering productivity models for management information system development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548132117,10.1109/ASWEC.2007.38,Planning Software Project Success with Semi-Quantitative Reasoning,"Software process modeling and simulation hold out the promise of improving project planning and control. However, purely quantitative approaches require a very detailed understanding of the software project and process, including reliable and precise project data. Contemporary project management defines the success of project as a box or hyper-cube, rather than the traditional single point, which allows the planning for software project success semi-quantitatively with uncertainty-tolerance. This paper introduces semiquantitative reasoning into software project planning and develops a practical approach to enhance the confidence of project success under the uncertainty and contingency. We illustrate its value and flexibility by a simplified software process model focusing on staffing issues. © 2007 IEEE.",Project planning | QSIM | Semiquantitative reasoning | Software process simulation and modeling | Software project management,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2007-08-28,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14844283788,10.1109/METRIC.2004.1357917,Assessment of software measurement: an information quality study,"This paper reports on the first phase of an empirical research project concerning methods to assess the quality of the information in software measurement products. Two measurement assessment instruments are developed and deployed in order to generate two sets of analyses and conclusions. These sets will be subjected to an evaluation of their information quality in phase two of the project. One assessment instrument was based on AIMQ, a generic model of information quality. The other instrument was developed by targeting specific practices relating to software project management and identifying requirements for information support. Both assessment instruments delivered data that could be used to identify opportunities to improve measurement. The generic instrument is cheap to acquire and deploy, while the targeted instrument requires more effort to build. Conclusions about the relative merits of the methods, in terms of their suitability for improvement purposes, await the results from the second phase of the project. © 2004 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Software Metrics Symposium,2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Berry, Michael;Jeffery, Ross;Aurum, Aybüke",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84937396619,10.1007/3-540-45752-6_7,An evaluation of the spearmint approach to software process modelling,"Over the years the process modelling community has proposed many languages, methods and tools for capturing, analysing and managing software processes. It is important that as new approaches are proposed they are evaluated in real software process modelling projects so that users can tell which approaches they should consider using and researchers can decide which approaches warrant more investigation and development. This paper presents an evaluation of the Spearmint approach to software process modelling in two software process modelling projects. The evaluation identifies strengths and weaknesses of the approach and possible areas for improvement.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Scott, Louise;Carvalho, Lucila;Jeffery, Ross;D’Ambra, John",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867459988,,MCORBA: a CORBA binding for Mercury,"MCORBA is a binding to the CORBA distributed object framework for the purely declarative logic/functional language Mercury. The binding preserves the referential transparency of the language, and has several advantages over similar bindings for other strongly typed declarative languages. As far as we know, it is the first such binding to be bidirectional; it allows a Mercury program both to operate upon CORBA components and to provide services to other CORBA components. Whereas the Haskell binding for COM maps COM interfaces onto Haskell types, MCORBA maps CORBA interfaces onto Mercury type classes. Our approach simplifies the mapping, makes the implementation of CORBA's interface inheritance straightforward, and makes it trivial for programmers to provide several different implementations of the same interface. It uses existential types to model the operation of asking CORBA for an object that satisfies a given interface but whose representation is unknown. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1999-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, David;Dowd, Tyson;Somogyi, Zoltan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85083738196,10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114625,Status of the Mercury system,"Rice is a known bioaccumulator of methylmercury (MeHg). Rice consumption may be the primary pathway of MeHg exposure in certain mercury (Hg)-contaminated areas of the world. Pakistan is the 4th-largest rice exporter in the world after India, Thailand, and Vietnam. This study aimed to evaluate the Hg contamination status of rice from Pakistan and the health risks associated with Hg exposure through its consumption. 500 rice grain samples were collected from two major rice-growing provinces, Punjab and Sindh, which contain 92% of Pakistan's rice cultivation area. Analysis of polished rice showed mean total Hg (THg) concentration of 4.51 ng.g−1, while MeHg concentrations of selected samples averaged 3.71 ng.g−1. Only 2% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of 20 ng.g−1. Samples collected from Punjab showed higher Hg contents than those from Sindh, possibly due to higher rates of urbanization and industrialization. Rice samples collected from areas near brick-making kilns had the highest Hg concentrations due to emissions from the low-quality coal burned. THg and MeHg contents varied by up to five and fourfold, respectively, between point and non-point Hg pollution sites. Moreover, the %Hg as MeHg in rice did not differ significantly between point and non-point Hg sources. Health risk was assessed by calculating a mean probable daily intake, revealing that Hg intake through rice consumption is within the safe limits recommended by the World Health Organization. However, rice intake may be a substantive pathway of MeHg exposure because fish, which are another major source of Hg, are consumed in Pakistan at some of the world's lowest rates. This study provides fundamental data for further understanding of the global issue of Hg contamination of rice and its related health risks. Furthermore, the current study suggests there is a need to conduct further research in rice-growing areas at the regional level.",Health risk | Methylmercury | Pakistan | Rice | South Asia | Total mercury,Environmental Pollution,2020-08-01,Article,"Aslam, Muhammad Wajahat;Ali, Waqar;Meng, Bo;Abrar, Muhammad Mohsin;Lu, Benqi;Qin, Chongyang;Zhao, Lei;Feng, Xinbin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Expressive Type Systems for Logic Programming Languages,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Mercury language reference manual, 2001",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A pilot study of stakeholder perceptions of quality,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An empirical study of Albrecht function points,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Analogy, regression and other methods for estimating effort and software quality attributes",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029710683,,Sizing and estimating the coding and unit testing effort for GUI systems,"This study derives and validates an empirical effort estimation model for graphical user interface (GUI) systems. It investigates the relationship between the effort to code and unit test GUI systems and the numbers of different types of widgets (e.g., text boxes, check boxes, list boxes) designed in those systems. The study focuses on systems implemented using Visual Basic, a popular Microsoft Windows programming language. The GUI effort estimation model was empirically derived from an agent diary system implemented in an international bank. The model exhibited a strong relationship (R 2 = 0.863, p < 0.001) between estimated effort and the numbers of different types of widgets. In an exploratory test of robustness, the GUI effort estimation model was applied without calibration to a different development environment. As expected, there was a high error level, confirming the need for calibration when applying effort estimation models to foreign settings.",,"International Software Metrics Symposium, Proceedings",1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lo, R.;Webby, R.;Jeffery, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-50249187638,10.1109/ASWEC.2008.4483194,Semi-quantitative modeling for managing software development processes,"Software process modeling has become an essential technique for managing software development processes. However, purely quantitative process modeling requires a detailed understanding and accurate measurement of software process, which relies on reliable and precise history data. This paper presents a semi-quantitative process modeling approach to model and manage software development processes. It allows for the existence of uncertainty and contingency during software development, and facilitates a manager's qualitative and quantitative estimates and assessments of process progress. We demonstrate its value and flexibility by developing semi-quantitative models of the test-and-fix process of incremental software development. Results conclude that the semi-quantitative process modeling approach can support process or project management activities, including estimating, planning, tracking and decision making throughout the software development cycle. ©2008 IEEE.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2008-09-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Keung, Jacky;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44649180038,10.1007/978-3-540-79588-9_29,Hybrid modeling of test-and-fix processes in incremental development,"Software process simulation modeling has become an increasingly active research area for managing and improving software development processes since its introduction in the last two decades. Hybrid process simulation models have attracted interest as a possibility to avoid the limitations of applying single modeling method, and more realistically capture complex real-world software processes. This paper presents a hybrid process modeling scheme to build an integrated software process model. It focuses on the particular portion of software process by using different techniques on separate but interconnected phases, while still allows for the integrity of modeling development process. We developed a hybrid simulation model of the test-and-fix process of incremental software development. Results conclude that this approach can support the investigation of portions of software process at different granularity levels simultaneously. It also avoids the limitation caused by incomplete process detail of some phases, and may help reduce the effort of building a hybrid simulation model. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Hybrid modeling | Incremental development | Software process simulation model | Test-and-fix,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2008-06-09,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Jeffery, Ross;Zhu, Liming",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-69749125380,10.1007/3-540-45635-x_14,Building constraint solvers with HAL,"Experience using constraint programming to solve real-life problems has shown that finding an efficient solution to a problem often requires experimentation with different constraint solvers or even building a problem-specific solver. HAL is a new constraint logic programming language expressly designed to facilitate this process. In this paper we examine different ways of building solvers in HAL. We explain how type classes can be used to specify solver interfaces, allowing the constraint programmer to support modelling of a constraint problem independently of a particular solver, leading to easy “plug and play” experimentation. We compare a number of different ways of writing a simple solver in HAL: using dynamic scheduling, constraint handling rules and building on an existing solver. We also examine how external solvers may be interfaced with HAL, and approaches for removing interface overhead.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"De La Banda, Marìa Garcìa;Jeffery, David;Marriott, Kim;Nethercote, Nicholas;Stuckey, Peter J.;Holzbaur, Christian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Specification-based software sizing: An empirical investigation of function metrics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026255745,10.1016/0950-5849(91)90033-8,Software development productivity and back-end CASE tools,"Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technology offers the potential for substantial productivity improvements. With management information systems departments under increasing pressure to improve productivity, CASE technology has been adopted by organizations. However, its adoption is not without risks. The paper examines the productivity results from the use of two different back-end CASE tools for software development in three large Australian organizations. The investigation concludes that overall there is no statistical evidence for a productivity improvement or decline resulting from the use of either of the two back-end CASE tools studied. Close evaluation of individual projects reveals support for traditional learning-curve patterns and the importance of staff training in new technology. © 1991.",CASE | CASE tools | computer-aided software engineering | productivity,Information and Software Technology,1991-01-01,Article,"Low, GC;Jeffery, DR",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650280918,10.1007/978-3-642-01680-6_23,Technical Software Development Process in the XML Domain,"Background: A Technical Development Process (TDP) is a development process for a particular technology, such as XML, service orientation, object orientation or a programming language. Unlike software development life-cycle processes, TDPs provide concrete and detailed guidance to software engineers working in a particular technology domain. TDPs are currently not well understood in terms of description, modelling and interactions with lifecycle processes. Aim: In this paper, we investigate what are TDPs in the XML domain and how can TDPs be modelled using existing development process modelling notations and tools. Method: We extracted XML specific TDPs from literatures, interviews and internal documentation within software development organizations and conducted systematic verifications and validations. Results: We identify different types of TDPs in the XML domain and propose mechanisms to model TDPs using Software Process Engineering Meta-models (SPEM) in the Eclipse Modelling Framework (EPF). Conclusion: The results demonstrate the feasibility of explicitly identifying and modelling of TDPs in the context of software process modelling and how they are used in software development. The results help further bridge the gap between macro-processes (life-cycle and management-centred processes) and micro-processes (e.g. developer- centred TDPs). © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2009-07-17,Conference Paper,"Zhu, Liming;Tran, Tu Tak;Staples, Mark;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Using Qualitative Methods in Software Engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Exploring the use of techniques from grounded theory in process engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Function points and their use,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84951732620,10.1109/ICSE.2015.85,Empirical study towards a leading indicator for cost of formal software verification,"Formal verification can provide the highest degree of software assurance. Demand for it is growing, but there are still few projects that have successfully applied it to sizeable, real-world systems. This lack of experience makes it hard to predict the size, effort and duration of verification projects. In this paper, we aim to better understand possible leading indicators of proof size. We present an empirical analysis of proofs from the landmark formal verification of the seL4 microkernel and the two largest software verification proof developments in the Archive of Formal Proofs. Together, these comprise 15,018 individual lemmas and approximately 215,000 lines of proof script. We find a consistent quadratic relationship between the size of the formal statement of a property, and the final size of its formal proof in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle. Combined with our prior work, which has indicated that there is a strong linear relationship between proof effort and proof size, these results pave the way for effort estimation models to support the management of largescale formal verification projects.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2015-08-12,Conference Paper,"Matichuk, Daniel;Murray, Toby;Andronick, June;Jeffery, Ross;Klein, Gerwin;Staples, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865479981,10.1049/ic.2012.0009,An initial evaluation of requirements dependency types in change propagation analysis,"Background: Change propagation analysis helps predict the parts of the software that may be affected if a change is made. Existing research on change propagation focuses on design and code level changes. However, as a software evolves, the requirements that drive these changes also have intricate dependencies. Understanding the effect of these requirement dependencies on change prorogation is useful but not trivial. More than twenty requirements dependency types have been identified in the literature, however there still lacks an evaluation of the applicability of these dependency types in requirements and change propagation analysis. Aim: We aim to investigate whether these dependency types are useful for change propagation analysis. Method: We conducted a case study in a real-world industry project. This case study evaluates two representative dependency models covering twenty five types of dependencies. Results: Our initial evaluation has found that five dependency types are particularly useful in change propagation analysis and practitioners with different backgrounds have various viewpoints on change propagation. Thus change impact analysis should involve a wide range of stakeholders including project managers, requirements engineers, designers and developers. Conclusions: Our case study provides insights into requirements dependencies and their effects on change propagation analysis for both research and practice.",change propagation | impact analysis | requirements dependency | Software evolution,IET Seminar Digest,2012-09-03,Conference Paper,"Li, Juan;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross;Liu, Yan;Zhang, He;Wang, Qing;Li, Mingshu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871444736,10.1002/smr.516,Toward trustworthy software process models: an exploratory study on transformable process modeling,"Software process modeling and simulation have become effective tools for support of software process management and improvement over the past two decades. They have recently been integrated into the Trustworthy Process Management Framework (TPMF) as the infrastructural components to facilitate the delivery of trustworthy software products. This paper proposes the concept of Trustworthy Software Process Models as inputs to TPMF and introduces transformable process modeling for supporting effective and productive development of trustworthy process models. Furthermore, this paper undertakes an exploratory study on process model transformation by investigating and comparing process modeling semantics between quantitative (e.g., System Dynamics, SD) and qualitative forms of modeling and simulation. By following the model transformation scheme, a quantitative continuous (SD) software evolution process model is successfully transformed into its qualitative form for simulation. The results present the different capabilities and performance between these two modeling paradigms, as well as the possible benefits and interesting perspectives of transformable process modeling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Qualitative modeling and simulation | Software evolution | Software process modeling and simulation | System dynamics | Transformable process modeling | Trustworthy process models,Journal of software: Evolution and Process,2012-11-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-35048880226,10.1007/978-3-540-24769-2_19,Distilling Scenarios from Patterns for Software Architecture Evaluation–A Position Paper,"Software architecture (SA) evaluation is a quality assurance technique that is increasingly attracting significant research and commercial interests. A number of SA evaluation methods have been developed. Most of these methods are scenario-based, which relies on the quality of the scenarios used for the evaluation. Most of the existing techniques for developing scenarios use stakeholders and requirements documents as main sources of collecting scenarios. Recently, architectures of large software systems are usually composed of patterns and styles. One of the purposes of using patterns is to develop systems with predictable quality attributes. Since patterns are documented in a format that requires the inclusion of problem, solution and quality consequences, we observed that scenarios are, though as informal text, pervasive in patterns description, which can be extracted and documented for the SA evaluation. Thus, we claim that the patterns can be another source of collecting quality attributes sensitive scenarios. This position paper presents arguments and examples to support our claim. © Springer-Verlag 2004.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2004-01-01,Article,"Zhu, Liming;Babar, Muhammad Ali;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349507961,10.1109/ASWEC.2009.45,Qualitative vs. quantitative software process simulation modeling: Conversion and comparison,"Software Process Simulation Modeling (SPSM) research has increased in the past two decades. However, most of these models are quantitative, which require detailed understanding and accurate measurement. As the continuous work to our previous studies in qualitative modeling of software process, this paper aims to investigate the structure equivalence and model conversion between quantitative and qualitative process modeling, and to compare the characteristics and performance of these two approaches by modeling and simulating a software evolution process. Following the model conversion scheme, the reference quantitative (SD) model and the corresponding qualitative model become comparable. The results present their different capabilities and interesting perspectives, and further the potential use of qualitative modeling in software process research. © 2009 Crown Copyright.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2009-10-05,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921773110,10.1016/j.infsof.2014.11.005,An empirical research agenda for understanding formal methods productivity,"Context Formal methods, and particularly formal verification, is becoming more feasible to use in the engineering of large highly dependable software-based systems, but so far has had little rigorous empirical study. Its artefacts and activities are different to those of conventional software engineering, and the nature and drivers of productivity for formal methods are not yet understood. Objective To develop a research agenda for the empirical study of productivity in software projects using formal methods and in particular formal verification. To this end we aim to identify research questions about productivity in formal methods, and survey existing literature on these questions to establish face validity of these questions. And further we aim to identify metrics and data sources relevant to these questions. Method We define a space of GQM goals as an investigative framework, focusing on productivity from the perspective of managers of projects using formal methods. We then derive questions for these goals using Easterbrook et al.'s (2008) taxonomy of research questions. To establish face validity, we document the literature to date that reflects on these questions and then explore possible metrics related to these questions. Extensive use is made of literature concerning the L4.verified project completed within NICTA, as it is one of the few projects to achieve code-level formal verification for a large-scale industrially deployed software system. Results We identify more than thirty research questions on the topic in need of investigation. These questions arise not just out of the new type of project context, but also because of the different artefacts and activities in formal methods projects. Prior literature supports the need for research on the questions in our catalogue, but as yet provides little evidence about them. Metrics are identified that would be needed to investigate the questions. Thus although it is obvious that at the highest level concepts such as size, effort, rework and so on are common to all software projects, in the case of formal methods, measurement at the micro level for these concepts will exhibit significant differences. Conclusions Empirical software engineering for formal methods is a large open research field. For the empirical software engineering community our paper provides a view into the entities and research questions in this domain. For the formal methods community we identify some of the benefits that empirical studies could bring to the effective management of large formal methods projects, and list some basic metrics and data sources that could support empirical studies. Understanding productivity is important in its own right for efficient software engineering practice, but can also support future research on cost-effectiveness of formal methods, and on the emerging field of Proof Engineering.",Empirical software engineering | Formal methods | Formal verification | GQM | Productivity | Proof Engineering,Information and Software Technology,2015-04-01,Article,"Jeffery, Ross;Staples, Mark;Andronick, June;Klein, Gerwin;Murray, Toby",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-48749094111,10.1109/ULS.2007.6,Reference Architecture for Lending Industry in ULS Systems,,,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Zhu, Liming;Staples, Mark;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Distributed versus face-to-face meetings for architecture evalution: a controlled experiment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745144272,10.1007/11608035_5,Achieving software development performance improvement through process change,"This paper summarizes the results of process improvement activities in two small software organizations. One of these made use of macro process modelling. These results, along with the reported results of CMMi adoption, are interpreted in the light of organizational theory, a process improvement research framework, and process innovation theory. It is concluded that the evidence supports process innovation or variations on innovation as a means of achieving large scale improvements in productivity or quality. It also argues (1) for the use of the process research framework to identify research limitations, and (2) that consideration of process alone is unlikely to provide sufficient evidence for generalization. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2006-06-23,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18944390468,10.1109/APSEC.2004.27,An exploratory study of groupware support for distributed software architecture evaluation process,"Software architecture evaluation is an effective means of addressing quality related issues quite early in the software development lifecycle. Scenario-based approaches to evaluate architecture usually involve a large number of stakeholders, who need to be collocated for evaluation sessions. Collocating a large number of stakeholders is an expensive and time-consuming exercise, which may prove to be a hurdle in the wide-spread adoption of architectural evaluation practices. Drawing upon the successful introduction of groupware applications to support geographically distributed teams in software inspection, and requirements engineering disciplines, we propose the concept of distributed architectural evaluation using Internet-based collaborative technologies. This paper illustrates the methodology of a pilot study to assess the viability of a larger experiment intended to investigate the feasibility of groupware support for distributed software architecture evaluation. In addition, the results of the pilot study provide some interesting findings on the viability of groupware-supported software architectural evaluation process. © 2004 IEEE.",,"Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Babar, Muhammad Ali;Kitchenham, Barbara;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749073073,10.1109/APSEC.2003.01254407,An extension of the behavioral theory of group performance in software development technical reviews,"In the original theory of group performance in software development technical reviews there was no consideration given to the influence of the inspection process, inspection performance, or the inspected artifact, on the structure of the theoretical model. This paper presents an extended theoretical model, along with discussion and justification for components of the new model. These extensions include consideration of the software product quality attributes, the prescriptive processes now developed for reviews, and a more detailed consideration of the technical and non-technical characteristics of the inspectors. In this paper we present both the structure of the model and the nature of the interactions between elements in the model. Consideration is also given to the opportunity for increased formalism in the technical review process. We show that opportunity exists to both improve industrial practice and extend research-based knowledge of the technical review process and context.",Controlled experiment | Defect detection technique | Early defect detection | Empirical software engineering | Human factors | Reading techniques | Software inspection (technical review),"Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Land, Lesley Pek Wee;Wong, Bernard;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889589560,10.1109/EURMIC.2003.1231607,An empirical study of an ER-model inspection meeting,"A great benefit of software inspections is that they can be applied at almost any stage of the software development life cycle. We document a large-scale experiment conducted during an entity relationship (ER) model inspection meeting. The experiment was aimed at finding empirically validated answers to the question ""which reading technique has a more efficient detection rate when searching for defects in an ER model"". Secondly, the effect of the usage of roles in a team meeting was also explored. Finally, we investigate the reviewers' ability to find defects belonging to certain defect categories. The findings showed that the participants using a checklist had a significantly higher detection rate than the ad hoc groups. Overall, the groups using roles had a lower performance than those without roles. Furthermore, the findings showed that when comparing the groups using roles to those without roles, the proportion of syntactic and semantic defects found in the number of overall defects identified did not significantly differ. © 2003 IEEE.",Empirical Research | Entity Relationship Model | Inspection Teams | Reading Techniques | Requirements Specification Inspection,Conference Proceedings of the EUROMICRO,2003-12-01,Conference Paper,"Rombach, Caroline D.;Kude, Oliver;Aurum, Aybüke;Jeffery, Ross;Wohlin, Claes",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84907831128,10.1145/2652524.2652551,Productivity for proof engineering,"Context: Recent projects such as L4.verified (the verification of the seL4 microkernel) have demonstrated that large-scale formal program verification is now becoming practical. Objective: We address an important but unstudied aspect of proof engineering: proof productivity. Method: We extracted size and effort data from the history of the development of nine projects associated with L4.verified. Results: We find strong linear relationships between effort and proof size for projects and for individuals. We discuss opportunities and limitations with the use of lines of proof as a size measure, and discuss the importance of understanding proof productivity for future research. Conclusions: An understanding of proof productivity will assist in its further industrial application and provide a basis for cost estimation and understanding of rework and tool usage.",formal verification | productivity | proof engineering | proof sizing,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2014-09-18,Conference Paper,"Staples, Mark;Jeffery, Ross;Andronick, June;Murray, Toby;Klein, Gerwin;Kolanski, Rafal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865515639,10.1049/ic.2012.0031,Risks of off-the-shelf-based software acquisition and development: A systematic mapping study and a survey,"Background- Risks associated with a software project have the potential to affect all stakeholders. Today much software makes use of off-the-shelf (OTS) components. A better understanding of OTS-derived software risks will help to define responsibilities for these risks, and also to avoid them. Aim- Our objective is to identify, classify and compare risks of OTS-based software projects from both a software development and a software acquisition perspective. Method- To identify and classify the risks, we performed a systematic mapping study. In order to compare risks of OTS-based software development and acquisition in the real world setting, we used the mapping study results to survey occurrences of 11 shared risks in OTS-based software, in 35 OTS-based software developments and 34 OT-Sbased software acquisitions of Indonesian background. The survey is a partial replication of a previous study. Results- We identified 133 risks associated with OTS-based software development and 36 risks associated with OTS-based software acquisition. These risks are grouped into 17 risk categories. Risks occurred more frequently in software acquisition than in software development. In addition, two risks, insufficient OTS component documents and lack of provider technical support and training, frequently occurred only in the software development. Conclusions- In OTS-based projects, most risks for acquisition and development are similar. Technical-related risks are found less often in acquisition and project management related risks are found less often in development. Shared risks are perceived differently by developers and acquirers. Better understanding of actual and perceived risk in OTS-based software projects will improve risk management. Further work to validate these results is ongoing.",OTS-based software acquisition | OTS-based software development | risks | survey | systematic mapping study,IET Seminar Digest,2012-09-03,Conference Paper,"Kusumo, Dana S.;Staples, Mark;Zhu, Liming;Zhang, He;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44649094734,10.1007/978-3-540-79588-9_16,Detection of consistent patterns from process enactment data,"Software process improvement has been a focus of industry for many years. To assist with the implementation of process improvement, we provide an approach to recover process enactment data. The goal of our method is to uncover the actual process used and thereby provide evidence for improving the quality of a planned software process that is followed by an organization in the future. The recovered process model (or patterns) is presented at the same level of abstraction as the planned process model. This allows an easy and clear method to identify the distance between a planned process model and the actual project enactment. We investigate the enactment of a defined software process model from the view of understanding the opportunity for process model improvement from the viewpoint of the project managers in the context of a small software development organization. We collected data from one of our collaboration organizations and then applied our method to a case study. The consistencies between a planned process model and the project enactment were measured. The outcomes of our method provide precise information including qualitative and quantitative data to assist project managers with process improvement in future practice. The main contribution of our work is to provide a novel approach to assist software process improvement by recovering a model from process enactment data. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Agile method | Process recovery | Software process improvement | Software process modeling,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2008-06-09,Conference Paper,"Huo, Ming;Zhang, He;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-37149053529,10.1007/978-3-540-72426-1_27,A framework for adopting software process simulation in CMMI organizations,"The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)1 has become very influential as a basis for software process improvement. It is accepted that process maturity is associated with better project performance and organizational performance. Software process simulation is being applied to the management of software projects, product life cycles, and organizations. This paper argues that the successful adoption of one particular simulation paradigm to a large extent depends on an organization's capability maturity. We investigate four typical simulation paradigms and map them to their appropriate CMMI maturity levels. We believe that an understanding of these relationships helps researchers and practitioners in implementing and institutionalizing process simulation in software organizations. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.",CMMI | Process improvement | Process simulation and modeling,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745918006,10.1007/11754305_2,Exploring the business process-software process relationship,This paper argues for the need for mechanisms to support the analysis and tracing of relationships between the business process and the software process used to instantiate elements of that business process in software. Evidence is presented to support this argument from research in software process and industry actions and needs as stated in reports to government. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.,,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2006-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,In This Issue,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034318272,10.1023/A:1026594716872,"Early lifecycle work: influence of individual characteristics, methodological constraints, and interface constraints","This paper reports the results of an experiment undertaken for the CADPRO (Constraints And the Decision PROject) project. Subjects with varied experience produced data flow diagrams (DFDs) using a DFD tool generated by CASEMaker, a meta-CASE tool. Half the subjects received routine notice of instances of internal (as opposed to hierarchical) methodological constraint violations via an unobtrusive window whilst the other half did not. The DFD tool automatically recorded subjects' delivery and constraint profiles. Video records, observer notes, and subject debriefings were also used to yield other performance data. While evidence was found in support of the research model underpinning the CADPRO project, the model needs to be revised to take into account the affects of human-computer interface constraints and the different speeds with which people work. We learnt an important lesson about subject randomisation, which is not to assume that all subjects can be treated alike if they share the minimum necessary experience thought required of the problem. We believe it is important for every subject-based experiment to consider and understand the performance of individuals. Because of the complexity of constraint environments in CASE tools we also conclude that studies comparing extreme programming approaches with conventional CASE tool approaches are needed to help determine if the struggle to understand the constraint environment at a high level of abstraction is worthwhile or not. Further experiments, possibly replication variants of this one, are needed to help validate our interpretations.",,Empirical Software Engineering,2000-11-01,Article,"Brooks, Andrew;Utbult, Fredrik;Mulligan, Catherine;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-29144501859,10.1109/ASWEC.2000.844562,An explanatory study on the goal alignment problem in joint software reviews,"Most prior research on software reviews assumes that all reviewers have the same goals in reviewing software products. However, reviewers representing different organisations, such as those developing and acquiring software in an outsourcing venture, often possess different and often conflicting goals. This may affect the outcomes of joint software reviews. Relatively little research has been done on goal alignment in joint software reviews. This paper explores this important research issue and uses a case study to examine whether or not participants in joint software reviews really possess different goals. The research findings showed that the participants in joint software review meetings did possess different goals, which resulted in a less satisfactory outcome for the review and identified some of the main factors affecting the process loss in joint software reviews. Finally, a theoretical model is proposed with the aim of resolving different/conflicting goals and enhancing the performance of joint software reviews in practice.",Electrical capacitance tomography | Inspection | Management information systems | Ores | Software quality | Software reviews | Software systems | Software testing | System testing | Technology management,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kingston, G.;Jeffery, R.;Huang, W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Establishing successful measurement for software quality improvement,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,CURRENT RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN INFORMATION-SYSTEMS,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886417033,10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606692,Formal specifications better than function points for code sizing,"Size and effort estimation is a significant challenge for the management of large-scale formal verification projects. We report on an initial study of relationships between the sizes of artefacts from the development of seL4, a formally-verified embedded systems microkernel. For each API function we first determined its COSMIC Function Point (CFP) count (based on the seL4 user manual), then sliced the formal specifications and source code, and performed a normalised line count on these artefact slices. We found strong and significant relationships between the sizes of the artefact slices, but no significant relationships between them and the CFP counts. Our finding that CFP is poorly correlated with lines of code is based on just one system, but is largely consistent with prior literature. We find CFP is also poorly correlated with the size of formal specifications. Nonetheless, lines of formal specification correlate with lines of source code, and this may provide a basis for size prediction in future formal verification projects. In future work we will investigate proof sizing. © 2013 IEEE.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2013-10-30,Conference Paper,"Staples, Mark;Kolanski, Rafal;Klein, Gerwin;Lewis, Corey;Andronick, June;Murray, Toby;Jeffery, Ross;Bass, Len",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866364601,10.1007/978-3-642-32885-5_16,A Business Process-Driven Approach for Requirements Dependency Analysis,"Dependencies among software artifacts are very useful for various software development and maintenance activities such as change impact analysis and effort estimation. In the past, the focus on artifact dependencies has been at the design and code level rather than at the requirements level. This is due to the difficulties in identifying dependencies in a text-based requirements specification. We observed that difficulties reside in the disconnection among itemized requirements and the lack of a more systematic approach to write text-based requirements. Business process models are an increasingly important part of a requirements specification. In this paper, we present a mapping between workflow patterns and dependency types to aid dependency identification and change impact analysis. Our real-world case study results show that some participants, with the help of the mapping, discovered more dependencies than other participants using text-based requirements only. Though many of these additional dependencies are highly difficult to spot from the text-based requirements, they are however very useful for change impact analysis. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.",Business process modeling | requirements dependency | software development and maintenance | workflow pattern,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2012-09-24,Conference Paper,"Li, Juan;Jeffery, Ross;Fung, Kam Hay;Zhu, Liming;Wang, Qing;Zhang, He;Xu, Xiwei",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-37149023861,10.1007/978-3-540-72426-1_28,Achieving software project success: a semi-quantitative approach,"Software process modeling and simulation hold out the promise of improving project planning and control. However, purely quantitative approaches require a very detailed understanding of the software project and process, including reliable and precise project data. Contemporary project management defines the success of project as a cube, rather than the traditional single point, which allows the management of software project semi-quantitatively with uncertainty-tolerance. This paper introduces semi-quantitative simulation into software project planning and control, and develops a practical approach to enhance the confidence of project success under uncertainty and contingency. We illustrate its value and flexibility by an example implementation with a simplified software process model. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.",Process modeling | Process simulation | Project control | Project planning | Semi-quantitative simulation,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Zhang, He;Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A use case description inspection experiment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Design and Evaluation of a Research Program for Distributed Software Architecture Evaluation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942556708,10.1109/ASWEC.2004.1290480,Teaching the process of code review,"Behavioural theory predicts that interventions that improve individual reviewers' expertise also improve the performance of the group in Software Development Technical Reviews (SDTR) [16]. This includes improvements both in individual's expertise in the review process, as well as their ability to find defects and distinguish true defects from false positives. This paper presents findings from University training in these skills using authentic problems. The first year the course was run it was designed around actual code review sessions, the second year this was expanded to enable students to develop and trial their own generic process for Document Reviews. This report considers the values and shortcomings of the teaching program from an extensive analysis of the defect detection in the first year, when students were involved in a review process that was set up for them, and student feedback from the second year when students developed and analysed their own process.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2004-06-22,Conference Paper,"Stalhane, Tor;Kutay, Cat;Al-Kilidar, Hiyam;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The accurate and early effort estimation of web applications,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028570130,,Establishing measurement for software quality improvement,The need for metrics and measurement as a part of the software quality improvement process has been recognized in the literature and in software quality standards. Methods for establishing appropriate metrics such as GQM have been developed and suggestions have been made in the literature for the successful implementation of such measurement initiatives. This paper presents a methodology for the establishment of a measurement-based software quality improvement process in organizations. The methodology is based on the quality improvement paradigm and the GQM paradigm developed at The University of Maryland combined with the Metrics Success Framework developed at The University of New South Wales. Case study examples of the application of these three concepts are presented as part of the argument.,,IFIP Transactions A: Computer Science and Technology,1994-12-01,Book,"Jeffery, Ross;Basili, Vic;Berry, Mike",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020709663,,Commercial Programming Productivity - An Empirical Look at Intuition,"Two empirical studies have been carried out to examine a number of hypotheses related to the effects of organization and technical factors on programming productivity. In the first study a comparison of three organizations was carried out, while in the second study, data from twenty-two organizations was analyzed. The first revealed similar programming time equations for each organization, with lines of code having the highest correlation coefficient with programming time. In both studies a number of counter-intuitive results were observed. For example, the data indicated that programmer experience, programming methodology or on-line testing had very little impact on productivity.",,Australian Computer Journal,1983-01-01,Article,"Lawrence, M. J.;Jeffery, D. R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Principles of effort and cost estimation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349694446,10.1109/ICSE-COMPANION.2009.5071028,Models and algorithms for business value-driven adaptation of business processes and software infrastructure,"This research investigates how to provide automated analysis and decision-making support for adaptation of business processes and underlying software infrastructure, in the way that both maximizes business value metrics (e.g., profit, return on investment) and maintains alignment between business strategies and adaptation decisions. Among its expected contributions are improved modeling of business value metrics and business strategies in business process models and novel business value-driven techniques and algorithms that support primarily automatic and dynamic (runtime) adaptations, but also manual and static (designtime) adaptations. The proposed solutions will be implemented in software prototypes to demonstrate feasibility. Their usefulness will be evaluated through realistic case studies. © 2009 IEEE.",,"2009 31st International Conference on Software Engineering - Companion Volume, ICSE 2009",2009-10-12,Conference Paper,"Suleiman, Basem;Tosic, Vladimir;Jeffery, Ross;Liu, Jenny",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349318580,10.1109/EDOCW.2008.19,Automating web service development using a unified model,"Web service standards are being developed in a loosely coordinated and constantly evolving manner and there is a lack of Web service modeling approaches that efficiently reflect the status of the standardization. Consequently the development and deployment of Web services tend to be ad-hoc and platform-oriented. This introduces potential interoperability issues and maintenance overhead.This paper proposes a model-driven framework that includes a Web service modeling language describing functionality and non-functional properties of serviceoriented applications in unified models. This Web service modeling language is based on a Web service meta-model extracted directly from the WS-* standards. We developed a corresponding tool that generates code stubs, configurations and deployment heuristics, along with standardbased artifacts from models. We conducted a real-worldcase study to validate our approach.",,"Proceedings - IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop, EDOC",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Bui, Ngoc Bao;Zhu, Liming;Liu, Yan;Tosic, Vladimir;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57049183156,10.1145/1370099.1370105,Investigating test-and-fix processes of incremental development using hybrid process simulation,"Software process modeling has become an essential technique for managing, investigating and improving software development processes. In this area, hybrid process simulation modeling attracts an increasing research attention. This paper presents a new hybrid software process model to investigate the test-and-fix process of incremental development. Its novelty comes from its flexible model structure that focuses on the particular portion of software process by using different modeling techniques on separate but interconnected phases in incremental development. Simulation results conclude that this model can support the investigation of portions of incremental development life cycle at different granularity levels simultaneously. It also allows the tradeoff analysis and optimization of test-and-fix process, while avoids the limitation caused by incomplete process detail of other phases. Copyright 2008 ACM.",Hybrid process simulation | Incremental development | Software process modeling | Software quality | Test-and-fix process,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2008-12-08,Conference Paper,"He, Zhang;Jeffery, Ross;Liming, Zhu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A comparative Study of Cost Modeling Techniques using Public Domain multi-organizational and company-specific Data,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A comparative study of cost modelling techniques using public domain multi-organisational and company-specific data,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The performance effects of process roles in code reviews: A preliminary empirical investigation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The state of practice in software metrics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Critical Survey of Software Development Technical Reviews as a Non-Method-Specific Approach to Software Quality Assurance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Interorganizational Comparison of Programming Productivity (notby jeffery, but listed in his scholar page)",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Classification and regression trees,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867567892,10.1145/2372251.2372263,Analyzing differences in risk perceptions between developers and acquirers in OTS-based custom software projects using stakeholder analysis,"Project stakeholders can have different perceptions of risks and how they should be mitigated, but these differences are not always well understood and managed. This general issue occurs in Off-the-shelf (OTS)-based custom software development projects, which use and integrate OTS software in the development of specialized software for an individual customer. We report on a study of risk perceptions for developers and acquirers in OTS-based custom software development projects. The study used an online questionnaire-based survey. We compared stakeholders' perceptions about their level of control over and exposure to 11 shared risks in OTS-based software, in 35 OTS-based software developments and 34 OTS-based software acquisitions of Indonesian background. We found that both stakeholders can best control, and are most impacted by, risks about requirements negotiation. In general stakeholders agree who can best control risks (usually the developer), but there were different perceptions about who is most impacted by risks (the developer reported either themselves or both stakeholders; while usually the acquirer reported both stakeholders). In addition, both stakeholders agree that the acquirer is most impacted by the risk of reduced control of future evolution of the system. We also found disagreement about who is most impacted by the risk of lack of support (usually each stakeholder reported themselves). This paper makes two main contributions. First, the paper presents a method based on stakeholder analysis to compare perceptions of the respondents about which stakeholder is affected by and can control risks. Second, knowing stakeholder agreement on which stakeholder has high risk control should be helpful to rationalize responsibility for risks. Copyright 2012 ACM.",Acquirers | Developers | Off-the-shelf (OTS) | Perception | Risks | Survey,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2012-10-22,Conference Paper,"Kusumo, Dana S.;Staples, Mark;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Implementing a Process Model-Based Software Development Support environment: comparing an open source component with a proprietary tool,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Planning an Empirical Experiment To Evaluate The Effects Of Pair Work On The Design Phase Of The Software Lifecycle,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A quantitative study on the role of cognitive structures in software quality evaluation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Achieving successful software process improvement in smaller organizations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949231669,10.1109/ASWEC.2001.948519,CORONET: an Australian software engineering experience in collaborative research with the European Community,"The purpose of this paper is two fold. Firstly, to inform the Australian software engineering community of the European Fifth Framework research structure and the involvement of an Australian partner in a fifth framework project, CORONET. Secondly to describe the CORONET project. CORONET develops a new approach for software engineering training in knowledge networks. CORONET aims to support on demand, collaborative, life-long learning by supporting knowledge generation in corporate knowledge networks accompanied by pedagogically sound improvements of the underlying learning process. By relating the experience of CAESAR's involvement in the CORONET project the paper aims to educate the software engineering community in opportunities that exist for collaboration with European research projects as well as inform the community on how such projects are managed.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"D'Ambra, John;Jeffery, Ross;Pfahl, Dietmar",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Mercury Language Reference Manual-Version 0.11. 0,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029517790,10.1007/3-540-57092-6_108,A view on the use of three research philosophies to address empirically determined weaknesses of the software engineering process,,,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),1993-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Characterizing Resource Data: A Model for Logical Association of Software Data,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85077965787,,Data Governance for Platform Ecosystems: Critical Factors and the State of Practice,"Recently, “platform ecosystem” has received attention as a key business concept. Sustainable growth of platform ecosystems is enabled by platform users supplying and/or demanding content from each other: e.g. Facebook, YouTube or Twitter. The importance and value of user data in platform ecosystems is accentuated since platform owners use and sell the data for their business. Serious concern is increasing about data misuse or abuse, privacy issues and revenue sharing between the different stakeholders. Traditional data governance focuses on generic goals and a universal approach to manage the data of an enterprise. It entails limited support for the complicated situation and relationship of a platform ecosystem where multiple participating parties contribute, use data and share profits. This article identifies data governance factors for platform ecosystems through literature review. The study then surveys the data governance state of practice of four platform ecosystems: Facebook, YouTube, EBay and Uber. Finally, 19 governance models in industry and academia are compared against our identified data governance factors for platform ecosystems to reveal the gaps and limitations.",Data Access Rights | Data governance | Data Ownership | Data Usage | Governance Factors | Platform Ecosystems | State of the Art | The State of Practice,"Proceedings ot the 21st Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: ''Societal Transformation Through IS/IT'', PACIS 2017",2017-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lee, Sung Une;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Planning Poker,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Common Factors Influencing Software Project Effort,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Statistical Regression Analysis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Case-based reasoning,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897732243,10.1109/TST.2013.6678901,Integrating a market-based model in trust-based service systems,"The reputation-based trust mechanism is a way to assess the trustworthiness of offered services, based on the feedback obtained from their users. In the absence of appropriate safeguards, service users can still manipulate this feedback. Auction mechanisms have already addressed the problem of manipulation by markettrading participants. When auction mechanisms are applied to trust systems, their interaction with the trust systems and associated overhead need to be quantitatively evaluated. This paper proposes two distributed architectures based on centralized and hybrid computing for integrating an auction mechanism with the trust systems. The empirical evaluation demonstrates how the architectures help to discourage users from giving untruthful feedback and reduce the overhead costs of the auction mechanisms.",Economic mechanisms | Software architecture | Trust systems,Tsinghua Science and Technology,2013-01-01,Article,"Phoomvuthisarn, Suronapee;Liu, Yan;Zhu, Liming;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Ubiquitous process: an opportunity or temptation?(Keynote Abstract),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650538091,,Automated Support for Software Cost Estimation Using Web-CoBRA,"Software cost estimation is a crucial yet very difficult task for a project manager at the very beginning of a new project. Since software projects are always different in nature, past projects may not necessarily cover all aspects of a new project when used as a basis for cost estimation. The CoBRA hybrid cost estimation technique uses expert knowledge to build a causal model of context-specific cost factors and past project data to predict costs in terms of effort as well as to assess the risks of a project. Further practical advantages of CoBRA are its high level of interpretability and its transparency. While our previous studies have shown that a modified CoBRA called Web-CoBRA produces higher prediction accuracy, the method was not fully adopted by our industry partner because of its complex application steps when it is manually performed. In this paper, we report on our experiences with further automating Web-CoBRA based software cost estimation for a software company. It supports group decision-making processes by utilizing a wideband Delphi technique. We identify a range of problems when applying Web-CoBRA in the context of a software company and describe the approaches we used to solve these problems in our new tool called EffortWatch. Furthermore, we report on the evaluation and the effectiveness of EffortWatch using a technology acceptance model (TAM) questionnaire. The result is then compared with a previous study, showing EffortWatch drastically improves the use of the Web- CoBRA technique.",,"Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Keung, Jacky;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36348968177,10.1007/978-3-540-71301-2_51,Roadmapping working group 2 results,,,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ciolkowski, Marcus;Briand, Lionel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34547183485,10.1145/1169086.1169087,DSLBench: applying DSL in benchmark generation,"Meeting performance requirements is a challenging software engineering problem in designing and constructing middleware based applications. Considerable efforts have been spent to build performance analysis models from the application architectural models that can be applied before the implementation phase. Accurate analysis models require realistic performance data to be populated into the performance models, which represents the performance characteristics of the middleware and the application hosted by the middleware runtime environment. Benchmark applications are usually developed to collect these performance data. However, benchmark generation for middleware-based systems is a costly and time consuming process because of the complexity of programming models and technology specific features of different types of middleware. The paper proposes an approach to automate benchmark generation processes following Model Driven Development methodology, which aims to construct deployable benchmark applications from the high-level design models. A modelling language is designed specifically for performance testing domain by using the recently released Microsoft Domain Specific Language toolkit. This approach can be integrated into Visual Studio 2005 Team System as a ""plug in "" to model and generate load testing suites. Copyright 2006 ACM.",Domain specific language | Domain specific modelling | Model driven development | Performance | Testing,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2006-12-01,Article,"Bui, Ngoc Bao;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Description of an empirical experiment to measure effects of pair work on the design phase.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949941841,10.1007/978-3-540-45051-1_13,The effect of constraint notification within a case tool environment on design productivity and quality,"This paper describes an experiment that investigated the effects on design productivity and quality of displaying design constraint violations or design errors to the designer when using a case tool for early lifecycle system design. A laboratory experiment was conducted in which the design activity was carried out using an instrumented tool that was developed to support the experiment. Two versions of the case tool were used, one which displayed constraint violations and one which did not. We found that the display of constraint violations had a significant impact on the productivity of the designer by slowing the design process. There was not a statistically significant difference in the quality of designs at the end of the design exercise although subjects with constraint violation notification had 61% fewer errors in their designs.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, Ross;Utbult, Fredrik;Chung, Kevin;Bruynincx, Sabine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Theory, models and methods in software engineering research.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748147827,,The state of practice in the use of software metrics,"This paper presents the results of a survey of members of the Australian Software Metrics Association which was carried out to establish the state of practice of software metrics in Australia. The mailed survey asked for data on the extent of collection of metrics in ten categories covering software size, organisational characteristics, effort, quality, structure, productivity and resources. It was found that there is very little use of product structure metrics but high use of software size, effort, and quality measures. There is a suggestion in the data that the metrics collected are focussed at the project level rather than at the process level, suggesting that metrics for project control are common but metrics for process improvement are not. Copyright© 1999, Australian Computer Society Inc.",,Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology,1999-02-01,Article,"Jeffery, Ross;Zucker, Benjamin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Method for Visualising and Evaluating of Software Design Growth,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Improving defect detection in code inspections through process roles: An experimental study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85062912772,10.1109/APSEC.1995.497006,Software engineering research validation,"This paper argues for a greater emphasis on validation in software engineering research. Empirical evidence fiom two software engineering journals indicates that, despite calls for increased research validation, the evidence is that it has not happened as yet. The implications for this lack of validation is discussed.",,"Proceedings - 1995 Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC 1995",1995-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software metrics for the management of CASE-based development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Empirical validation of software cost models in the Australian MIS environment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The productivity impact of project staffing levels,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85058286201,,Information systems and the organization.,"The proceedings contain 14 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Interaction of Information Systems and the Organization. The topics include: Making a difference in ICT research: Feminist theorization of sociomateriality and the diffraction methodology; thinking with Monsters; a bestiary of digital monsters; frankenstein’s monster as mythical mattering: rethinking the creator-creation technology relationship; frankenstein’s problem; we have been assimilated: Some principles for thinking about algorithmic systems; algorithmic pollution: Understanding and responding to negative consequences of algorithmic decision-making; quantifying quality: Towards a post-humanist perspective on sensemaking; understanding the impact of transparency on algorithmic decision making legitimacy; advancing to the next level: Caring for evaluative metrics monsters in academia and healthcare; hotspots and blind spots: A case of predictive policing in practice; objects, metrics and practices: An inquiry into the programmatic advertising ecosystem.",,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2018-01-01,Conference Review,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Design Choices for Data Governance in Platform Ecosystems: A Contingency Model,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Finding the Most Suitable Estimation Method,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Continuously Improving Effort Estimation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649820143,10.1109/COMPSACW.2010.24,Effort Estimation Best Practices,"COTS integration is well accepted and is a viable solution offering for most of business problems. In this paper we enhance the basic effort estimation methodology to align to more requirements centric approach for development, testing and deployment. The paper is structured with best practices to ease projects that involve multiple estimation cycles with extremely high requirements volatility. The estimation approach and practices mentioned can be used as a reusable approach for estimations across multiple COTS integrations. © 2010 IEEE.",COTS | Estimation | OOTB,Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference,2010-12-13,Conference Paper,"Anoop Kumar, P.;Narayanan, Sathia;Siddaiah, Vijayalakshmi Mallenahalli",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Wideband Delphi,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Estimation Under Uncertainty,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Challenges of Predictable Software Development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Basic Estimation Strategies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Classification of Effort Estimation Methods,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929547971,10.1007/978-3-642-37395-4_9,Paths to Software Engineering Evidence,"In recent years there has been a call from researchers in empirical software engineering to carry out more research in the industrial setting. The arguments for this have been well founded and the benefits clearly enunciated. But apart from the community's call for empirical goals to be based around business goals, there has been little consideration of the business conditions under which empirical software engineering methods may, or may not, be appropriate for the business. In this paper the empirically derived high-level management practices that are associated with business success are used as initial decision criteria to decide the path to follow: (a) whether empirical software engineering research will be of value to the business, and (b) if it is of value, the form that that research might take. The place of theory is considered in the case of path (b).",,Perspectives on the Future of Software Engineering: Essays in Honor of Dieter Rombach,2013-12-01,Book Chapter,"Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software and System Process (ICSSP),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865515639,10.1049/ic.2012.0031,Risks of Off-The-Shelf-based Software Acquisition and Development: A Systematic Mapping Study and A,"Background- Risks associated with a software project have the potential to affect all stakeholders. Today much software makes use of off-the-shelf (OTS) components. A better understanding of OTS-derived software risks will help to define responsibilities for these risks, and also to avoid them. Aim- Our objective is to identify, classify and compare risks of OTS-based software projects from both a software development and a software acquisition perspective. Method- To identify and classify the risks, we performed a systematic mapping study. In order to compare risks of OTS-based software development and acquisition in the real world setting, we used the mapping study results to survey occurrences of 11 shared risks in OTS-based software, in 35 OTS-based software developments and 34 OT-Sbased software acquisitions of Indonesian background. The survey is a partial replication of a previous study. Results- We identified 133 risks associated with OTS-based software development and 36 risks associated with OTS-based software acquisition. These risks are grouped into 17 risk categories. Risks occurred more frequently in software acquisition than in software development. In addition, two risks, insufficient OTS component documents and lack of provider technical support and training, frequently occurred only in the software development. Conclusions- In OTS-based projects, most risks for acquisition and development are similar. Technical-related risks are found less often in acquisition and project management related risks are found less often in development. Shared risks are perceived differently by developers and acquirers. Better understanding of actual and perceived risk in OTS-based software projects will improve risk management. Further work to validate these results is ongoing.",OTS-based software acquisition | OTS-based software development | risks | survey | systematic mapping study,IET Seminar Digest,2012-09-03,Conference Paper,"Kusumo, Dana S.;Staples, Mark;Zhu, Liming;Zhang, He;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Ubiquitous process: an opportunity or temptation?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software developement cost modeling amd estimation through a UNSW lens,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Development Cost Modeling and Estimation Through a UNSW Lens.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Keynote 2,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-49349110547,10.1109/TSE.2008.34,Analogy-X: Providing Statistical Inference to Analogy-Based Software Cost Estimation,"Data-intensive analogy has been proposed as a means of software cost estimation as an alternative to other data intensive methods such as linear regression. Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to the method. There is no mechanism to assess its appropriateness for a specific dataset. In addition, heuristic algorithms are necessary to select the best set of variables and identify abnormal project cases. We introduce a solution to these problems based upon the use of the Mantel correlation randomization test called Analogy-X. We use the strength of correlation between the distance matrix of project features and the distance matrix of known effort values of the dataset. The method is demonstrated using the Desharnais dataset and two random datasets, showing (1) the use of Mantel's correlation to identify whether analogy is appropriate, (2) a stepwise procedure for feature selection, as well as (3) the use of a leverage statistic for sensitivity analysis that detects abnormal data points. Analogy-X, thus, provides a sound statistical basis for analogy, removes the need for heuristic search and greatly improves its algorithmic performance. © 2008 IEEE.",Analogy | Cost estimation | Management | Software engineering,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2008-08-19,Conference Paper,"Keung, Jacky Wai;Kitchenham, Barbara A.;Jeffery, David Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A hybrid model of test-and-fix process in incremental development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A SemiQ Model of Test-and-Fix Process of Incremental Development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34047110886,10.1109/MS.2007.49,Misleading metrics and unsound analyses,"Although software measurement is a valuable management tool, software metrics are often not as useful as practitioners hope. Using data from large corporate databases, the authors describe how the ISO/IEC 15393 standard gives inappropriate advice for measuring software engineering processes. They also show how this advice, when combined with the CMM/ CMMI level 4 requirement for statistical process control, encourages the use of misleading metrics and inappropriate data aggregation and analysis techniques. They summarize lessons learned and recommend using small, meaningful data sets and effort-estimation models to assess productivity. © 2007 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2007-03-01,Article,"Kitchenham, Barbara;Jeffery, David Ross;Connaughton, Colin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77953516013,10.1145/1137661.1137663,Software engineering theory and inter-disciplinary research,"This paper outlines the content of the workshop keynote presentation on the use of theory derived from other disciplines in empirical software engineering research. This presentation uses three previous studies, two of which involved the author, to illustrate this usage and to explore the lessons learned from this work.",experimentation | software engineering research | theory,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2006-12-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Toward a Framework for Capturing and Using Architecture Knowledge,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84949941841,10.1007/978-3-540-45051-1_13,Environment on Design Productivity and Quality,"This paper describes an experiment that investigated the effects on design productivity and quality of displaying design constraint violations or design errors to the designer when using a case tool for early lifecycle system design. A laboratory experiment was conducted in which the design activity was carried out using an instrumented tool that was developed to support the experiment. Two versions of the case tool were used, one which displayed constraint violations and one which did not. We found that the display of constraint violations had a significant impact on the productivity of the designer by slowing the design process. There was not a statistically significant difference in the quality of designs at the end of the design exercise although subjects with constraint violation notification had 61% fewer errors in their designs.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2000-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jeffery, Ross;Utbult, Fredrik;Chung, Kevin;Bruynincx, Sabine",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942556708,10.1109/ASWEC.2004.1290480,Teaching the Process of Code Review,"Behavioural theory predicts that interventions that improve individual reviewers' expertise also improve the performance of the group in Software Development Technical Reviews (SDTR) [16]. This includes improvements both in individual's expertise in the review process, as well as their ability to find defects and distinguish true defects from false positives. This paper presents findings from University training in these skills using authentic problems. The first year the course was run it was designed around actual code review sessions, the second year this was expanded to enable students to develop and trial their own generic process for Document Reviews. This report considers the values and shortcomings of the teaching program from an extensive analysis of the defect detection in the first year, when students were involved in a review process that was set up for them, and student feedback from the second year when students developed and analysed their own process.",,"Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC",2004-06-22,Conference Paper,"Stalhane, Tor;Kutay, Cat;Al-Kilidar, Hiyam;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Exploring the Issues of Boundary Definition in the Application of COSMIC-FFP to Embedded Systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034156753,10.1023/A:1009893716489,The Use of Procedural Roles in Code Inspections,"Software inspections are important for finding defects in software products (Fagan, 1976; Gilb, 1993; Humphrey, 1995; Strauss and Ebenau, 1994). A typical inspection includes two stages: individual preparation followed by a group review with roles assigned to each reviewer. Research has shown that group tasks typically result in process loss (Lorge et al., 1958; Steiner, 1972). In software defect detection also, considerable defects found during individual preparation are subsequently not reported by the group (Porter and Votta, 1994; Porter et al., 1995, 1997; Land et al., 1997a, 1997b; Siy, 1996; Votta, 1993). Our objective is to study whether procedural roles (moderator, reader, recorder) affect group performance, particularly in terms of process loss. At the same time, the use of roles in software reviews has also not been empirically validated, although there are wide claims for their benefits. Procedural roles made a limited difference to group performance. Further analyses provide possible explanations for the results and a deeper understanding of how groups make their decisions based on individual reviewers' findings. Limitations of the research are discussed. We also suggest how procedural roles may greater impact group performance. © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers.",Defect detection | Procedural roles | Process loss | Review meeting | Software inspections,Empirical Software Engineering,2000-01-01,Article,"Land, Lesley Pek Wee;Sauer, Chris;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Software inspections are important for finding defects in software products (Fagan, 1976; Gilb, 1993; Humphrey, 1995; Strauss and Ebenau, 1994). A typical inspection includes two stages: individual preparation followed by a group review with roles assigned to each reviewer. Research has shown that group tasks typically result in process loss (Lorge et al., 1958; Steiner, 1972). In software defect...",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,AU THOR IN DEX,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH TO PROCESS RECOVERY: PILOT STUDY,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,PhD Abstract Publication in Empirical Software Engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Best papers of the 17th international conference on software engineering (ICSE-17),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Mastering IT Change,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Apparatus for an Experiment on Function Point Scenarios (FPS) for Software Requirement Specifications,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85019181894,10.1109/ASWEC.1996.534137,Inspection Strategies for Software Requirement Specification,"This paper reports on a laboratory experiment into the use of decomposition strategies in software requirements inspections. The experiment follows on from the work of Porter, Votta, and Basili who compared the use of scenarios with ad hoc and checklist techniques, finding (among other things) that the scenario technique was superior. This experiment compares the scenario technique with inspection strategies which are self set by the inspection team prior to the inspection but after they have seen the documents to be inspected. The specification used was a system developed by a software company for a client in the commercial sector. It was found that the commercial scenarios developed for the experiment were not superior to self set strategies. This suggests that the benefits to be derived from scenarios are derived through the decomposition process and that experienced people may be able to derive strategies that are at least as good, if not better, than a provided set of scenarios. An advantage we noticed with the provided scenarios was the manner in which this technique could be used to focus the reviewers' attention on particular defect types. This could be used to advantage in industry. The overall findings of this experiment supports and extends the earlier research on inspections.",,"Proceedings - 1996 Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC 1996",1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cheng, Benjamin;Jeffery, Ross",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Metrics for Estimating GUI Construction,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Early Lifecycle Sizing Using Function,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Function Points Research in Australia,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"A comparison of models describing third and fourth generation software development environments, with implications for effective management",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Computer Based Business Systems: Text and Cases,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Data Management Problem and Its Resolution in Commercial Mini Computer Systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The adjustment of business organizations to their environments: providing a formal framework for the capture, filtering, and allocation of data for decision making",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,QSIC 2009,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Prograrm Committee Members,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,CENTRE FOR ADVANCED SOFTWARE ENGINERING RESEARCH,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Impact of Process Simulation on Software Practice: A Historical Perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Agresti, WW, 29, 83 Ambler, AL, 267 Arthur, JD, 73",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85172099810,10.1007/978-3-031-40501-3_4,Experimentation Choices and Designs,"Prior studies have demonstrated that game-based learning plays a role in enhancing student learning and increasing student motivation. Game design tools are available today (for free or for sale) and user-friendly even by people without any technical skills. However, these game design tools are plentiful. This complicates choosing a game design tool. This article introduces and compares existing game design tools to help people to choose the one that best suits their needs. We started by identifying nine key criteria that characterize game design tools. We then performed a systematic literature search using the PRISMA method. Of 302 identified studies across five databases (IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science) and 8 game design tools advised by a digital learning manager, 11 game design tools are explained, compared and discussed. Finally, we used the results of this systematic review to select a game design tool for an experimentation in a nursing school. This research work is dedicated to the Technology Enhanced Learning and Educational community, especially game designers, digital learning managers, teachers, and researchers who are struggling to choose the game design tool that best suits their needs.",Experimentation | Game design tool | PRISMA | Systematic literature review,Communications in Computer and Information Science,2023-01-01,Conference Paper,"Gajewski, Sebastian;El Mawas, Nour;Heutte, Jean",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Impact of Cognitive Style on the Assessment of Information Quality,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Additional Acknowledgements,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"A. Aurum (University of New South Wales, AU) DH Bae (KAIST, KR) P. Bailes (The University of Queensland, AU) R. Biddle (Victoria University of Wellington, NZ)",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,This paper has two major aims: 1) To brieiiy present a. top-down characterization,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Project Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Building Effective Systems on a Tight Schedule,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Dynamics of Software-Development Project Management: An integrative System Dynamics Perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Mythical Man-Month,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Economics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84970305842,10.1177/014920638501100106,Group Process and Productivity,"This study was designed to investigate the relationships between subordinates' perceptions of leader reward and punishment behaviors and group cohesiveness, drive, and productivity. In addition, the effects of common method or same-source variance on these relationships was also assessed. Questionnaires were administered to 827 employees in three different organizations. Leader contingent reward behavior (CR) was found to be positively related to group drive, cohesiveness, and group productivity. These relationships were found to be robust, even when they were statistically controlled for common method variance. Leader contingent punishment behavior (CP) was also found to be positively related to group drive and productivity in this study, although only the relationship between CP and group productivity remained significant when same-source variance was partialled out. Leader noncontingent punishment behavior (NCP) was negatively related to group drive. Finally, while leader noncontingent reward behavior (NCR) was not initially related to group drive, cohesiveness, or productivity, this leader behavior was found to be negatively related to each of these group criterion variables when general method variance was partialled out. © 1985, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Management,1985-01-01,Article,"Podsakoff, Philip M.;Todor, William D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023383914,10.1109/TSE.1987.233496,Time-Sensitive Cost Models in the Commercial MIS Environment,"Current time-sensitive cost models suggest a significant impact on project effort if elapsed time compression or expansion is implemented. This paper reports an empirical study into the applicability of these models in the management information systems environment. It is found that elapsed time variation does not consistently affect project effort. This result is analyzed in terms of the theory supporting such a relationship, and an alternate relationship is suggested. Copyright © 1987 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.",Cost models | productivity | putnam model | software Project management | transformation of variables,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1987-01-01,Article,"Jeffery, D. Ross",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Controlling Software Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Reflected,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Papers citing ""Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845788381,10.1109/TSE.2007.256943,A systematic review of software development cost estimation studies,"This paper aims to provide a basis for the improvement of software estimation research through a systematic review of previous work. The review identifies 304 software cost estimation papers in 76 journals and classifies the papers according to research topic, estimation approach, research approach, study context and data set. A Web-based library of these cost estimation papers is provided to ease the identification of relevant estimation research results. The review results combined with other knowledge provide support for recommendations for future software cost estimation research, including 1) increase the breadth of the search for relevant studies, 2) search manually for relevant papers within a carefully selected set of journals when completeness is essential, 3) conduct more studies on estimation methods commonly used by the software industry, and 4) increase the awareness of how properties of the data sets impact the results when evaluating estimation methods. © 2007 IEEE.",Research methods | Software cost estimation | Software cost prediction | Software effort estimation | Software effort prediction | Systematic review,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-01-01,Review,"Jørgensen, Magne;Shepperd, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032010313,10.1145/272287.272333,The case for collaborative programming,,,Communications of the ACM,1998-01-01,Article,"Nosek, John T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Lessons learned from modeling the dynamics of software development,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84989031261,10.1002/smr.4360020303,Software maintenance management: changes in the last decade,"Compared to a decade ago, when the first comprehensive study was done in software maintenance, many changes have occurred in the practice of system development. Longitudinal data were obtained by using the same survey instrument, updated to reflect current practices, and sampling the same population. Comparing the current with 1977 results has helped to identify the persistent problems and issues as well as the emerging problems and issues. One of the important, but somewhat disturbing, conclusions is that maintenance problems are pretty much the same as during the 1970s (except for minor changes), despite advances made in structured methodologies and techniques. In terms of specific problems, personnel problems of maintenance programmers, i.e. turnover and availability, and programmer effectiveness problems, i.e. skills, motivation and productivity, have shown a rise, while problems associated with users' knowledge of computer systems have declined. Copyright © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd",Software maintenance management,Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice,1990-01-01,Article,"Nosek, John T.;Palvia, Prashant",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The elusive silver lining: how we fail to learn from failure in software development,,,,,,,Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71549128988,10.1080/07421222.1994.11518050,Understanding runaway information technology projects: results from an international research program based on escalation theory,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons, and can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that takes on a life of its own. Such projects exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the broader phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon, including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. This paper discusses the results of a scries of experiments designed to test whether the phenomenon of escalating commitment could be observed in an IT context Multiple experiments conducted within and across cultures suggest that a high level of sunk cost may influence decision makers to escalate their commitment to an IT project In addition to discussing this and other findings from an ongoing stream of research, the paper focuses on the challenges faced in carrying out the experiments.© 1995 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Information systems failure | Runaway | Software project management | Sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,1994-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard;Saarinen, Timo;Tuunainen, Virpi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029493023,,System dynamics modeling of an inspection-based process,"A dynamic simulation model of an inspection-based software lifecycle process has been developed to support quantitative process evaluation. The model serves to examine the effects of inspection practices on cost, schedule and quality throughout the lifecycle. It uses system dynamics to model the interrelated flows of tasks, errors and personnel throughout different development phases and is calibrated to industrial data. It extends previous software project dynamics research by examining an inspection-based process with an original model, integrating it with the knowledge-based method for risk assessment and cost estimation, and using an alternative modeling platform. While specific enough to investigate inspection practices, it is sufficiently general to incorporate changes for other phenomena. It demonstrates the effects of performing inspections or not, the effectiveness of varied inspection policies, and the effects of other managerial policies such as manpower allocation. The results of testing indicate a valid model that can be used for process evaluation and project planning, and serve as a framework for incorporating other dynamic process factors.",,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,1995-12-01,Conference Paper,"Madachy, Raymond J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"A software project dynamics model for process cost, schedule and risk assessment",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029403762,10.1109/17.482086,The effects of sunk cost and project completion on information technology project escalation,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for a variety of reasons and in some cases can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that seems to take on a life of its own. Prior research has shown that such projects can exhibit characteristics of the phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. One explanation of escalation is the so-called sunk cost effect which posits that decision-makers are unduly influenced by resources that have already been spent and are therefore more likely to continue pursuing a previously chosen course of action. A competing explanation, labeled the completion effect, holds that decision makers escalate their commitment as they draw closer to finishing the project. In order to understand more about the relative effects of sunk cost and project completion information, a role-playing experiment was conducted in which business students were asked to decide whether or not to continue funding an IT project given uncertainty regarding the prospects for success. Three variables were manipulated in the experiment: the level of sunk cost, degree of project completion, and the presence or absence of an alternative course of action. Results showed that subjects' willingness to continue a project increased with the level of sunk cost and the degree of project completion, but that subjects were more apt to justify their continuation on the basis of sunk cost. As theory would predict, the presence of an alternative course of action had a moderating effect on the escalation that was observed. © 1995 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1995-01-01,Article,"KeiL, Mark;Truex, Duane P.;Mixon, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028386276,10.1007/BF00872054,Fuzzy systems and neural networks in software engineering project management,"To make reasonable estimates of resources, costs, and schedules, software project managers need to be provided with models that furnish the essential framework for software project planning and control by supplying important ""management numbers"" concerning the state and parameters of the project that are critical for resource allocation. Understanding that software development is not a ""mechanistic"" process brings about the realization that parameters that characterize the development of software possess an inherent ""fuzziness,"" thus providing the rationale for the development of realistic models based on fuzzy set or neural theories. Fuzzy and neural approaches offer a key advantage over traditional modeling approaches in that they are model-free estimators. This article opens up the possibility of applying fuzzy estimation theory and neural networks for the purpose of software engineering project management and control, using Putnam's manpower buildup index (MBI) estimation model as an example. It is shown that the MBI selection process can be based upon 64 different fuzzy associative memory (FAM) rules. The same rules are used to generate 64 training patterns for a feedforward neural network. The fuzzy associative memory and neural network approaches are compared qualitatively through estimation surfaces. The FAM estimation surfaces are stepped, whereas those from the neural system are smooth. Also, the FAM system sets up much faster than the neural system. FAM rules obtained from logical antecedent-consequent pairs are maintained distinct, giving the user the ability to determine which FAM rule contributed how much membership activation to a ""concluded"" output. © 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.",feedforward neural network | Fuzzy associative memory | manpower buildup index | resource estimation | software engineering,Applied Intelligence,1994-03-01,Article,"Kumar, Satish;Krishna, B. Ananda;Satsangi, Prem S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027309776,10.1147/sj.323.0445,Measurement: the key to application development quality,"Application development quality and productivity have been identified as being among the top ten concerns of information systems (I/S) executives in both 1991 and 1992. This paper discusses the role of measurement in pursuit of I/S application development quality and productivity. The relationships between productivity, quality, and measurement are described, classes of measures are identified, and 'dominant measures' are grouped according to the maturity levels defined by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model for Software. Also discussed are the organizational and cultural issues associated with instituting a measurement process.",,IBM Systems Journal,1993-01-01,Article,"Walrad, C.;Moss, E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036880911,10.1109/TEM.2002.807290,The challenge of accurate software project status reporting: a two-stage model incorporating status errors and reporting bias,"Software project managers perceive and report project status. Recognizing that their status perceptions might be wrong and that they may not faithfully report what they believe, leads to a natural question-how different is true software project status from reported status? Here, the authors construct a two-stage model which accounts for project manager errors in perception and bias that might be applied before reporting status to executives. They call the combined effect of errors in perception and bias, project status distortion. The probabilistic model has roots in information theory and uses discrete project status from traffic light reporting. The true statuses of projects of varying risk were elicited from a panel of five experts and formed the model input. The same experts estimated the frequency with which project managers make status errors, while the authors created different bias scenarios in order to investigate the impact of different bias levels. The true status estimates, error estimates, and bias levels allow calculation of perceived and reported status. The results indicate that at the early stage of the development process most software projects are already in trouble, that project managers are overly optimistic in their perceptions, and that executives receive status reports very different from reality, depending on the risk level of the project and the amount of bias applied by the project manager. Key findings suggest that executives should be skeptical of favorable status reports and that for higher risk projects executives should concentrate on decreasing bias if they are to improve the accuracy of project reporting.",Information theory | Project management | Reporting bias | Reporting distortion | Software project status | Status errors | Traffic light reporting,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2002-11-01,Article,"Snow, Andrew P.;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036437839,10.1016/S0378-7206(02)00005-8,The impact of IS department organizational environments upon project team performances,"Projects depend on the effectiveness of teams to be successful. In the past, researchers studied team characteristics in an attempt to find successful combinations of traits that promote team performance. This study examines the relation of the organizational traits of centralization, formalization and maturity to the performance of the team. These organizational influences on the environment are related to overall project team performance, especially the traits of centralization and maturity. The results of the study suggest that organizational structure must be considered when fostering successful projects, particularly those related to planning and authority. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Centralization | Effectiveness | Formalization | Maturity | Project teams,Information and Management,2003-01-01,Article,"Jiang, James J.;Klein, Gary;Pick, Roger Alan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745900623,10.1109/TSE.2005.128,Evidence-based guidelines for assessment of software development cost uncertainty,"Several studies suggest that uncertainty assessments of software development costs are strongly biased toward overconfidence, i.e., that software cost estimates typically are believed to be more accurate than they really are. This overconfidence may lead to poor project planning. As a means of improving cost uncertainty assessments, we provide evidence-based guidelines for how to assess software development cost uncertainty, based on results from relevant empirical studies. The general guidelines provided are: 1) Do not rely solely on unaided, intuition-based uncertainty assessment processes, 2) do not replace expert judgment with formal uncertainty assessment models, 3) apply structured and explicit judgment-based processes, 4) apply strategies based on an outside view of the project, 5) combine uncertainty assessments from different sources through group work, not through mechanical combination, 6) use motivational mechanisms with care and only if greater effort is likely to lead to improved assessments, and 7) frame the assessment problem to fit the structure of the relevant uncertainty information and the assessment process. These guidelines are preliminary and should be updated in response to new evidence. © 2005 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Management | Software psychology | Uncertainty of software development cost,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2005-11-01,Article,"Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027659459,10.1016/0164-1212(93)90107-9,A multiproject perspective of single-project dynamics,"Heretofore, the study of software project management has been limited to a single-project-in-isolation perspective, largely overlooking the interdependencies among projects. This is despite the fact that few, if any, actual software projects are carried out in complete isolation. In this work, I relax the project-in-isolation assumption and attempt to demonstrate that interactions and interdependencies among projects can have a significant influence on project behavior. As such, the behavior of an individual project in isolation may be very different from its behavior when it interacts with other projects. The research vehicle for this study is a multiproject system dynamics model that was developed on the basis of field studies in five organizations. The results of a case study conducted in a sixth organization to test the model's accuracy in replicating the behavior of two concurrent software projects are presented. In the final section of the paper, I conduct a number of model-based controlled experiments to assess the effects of inter-project interdependencies on project behavior. The results suggest that scheduling and work force allocation decisions in one project can significantly influence the cost and duration of the other. The significance of these results is twofold. First, they highlight a fundamental deficiency in the formulation of the current generation of estimation tools. Second, they underscore the perils of parochial decision making in a multiproject environment. © 1993.",,The Journal of Systems and Software,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An Integrated Approach to Simulation Based Learning in Support of Strategic and Project Management in Software Organisations,,,,,,,Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860580767,10.1145/1877725.1877730,Modeling dynamics in agile software development,"Changes in the business environment such as turbulent market forces, rapidly evolving system requirements, and advances in technology demand agility in the development of software systems. Though agile approaches have received wide attention, empirical research that evaluates their effectiveness and appropriateness is scarce. Further, research to-date has investigated individual practices in isolation rather than as an integrated system. Addressing these concerns, we develop a system dynamics simulation model that considers the complex interdependencies among the variety of practices used in agile development. The model is developed on the basis of an extensive review of the literature as well as quantitative and qualitative data collected from real projects in nine organizations. We present the structure of the model focusing on essential agile practices. The validity of the model is established based on extensive structural and behavioral validation tests. Insights gained from experimentation with the model answer important questions faced by development teams in implementing two unique practices used in agile development. The results suggest that due to refactoring, the cost of implementing changes to a system varies cyclically and increases during later phases of development.Delays in refactoring also increase costs and decrease development productivity. Also, the simulation shows that pair programming helps complete more tasks and at a lower cost. The systems dynamics model developed in this research can be used as a tool by IS organizations to understand and analyze the impacts of various agile development practices and project management strategies. © 2010 ACM.",Agile software development | Process modeling | Simulation | System dynamics,ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems,2010-12-01,Article,"Cao, Lan;Ramesh, Balasubramaniam;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867310382,10.2753/MIS0742-1222290102,The effect of an initial budget and schedule goal on software project escalation,"Software project escalation is a costly problem that leads to significant financial losses. Prior research suggests that setting a publicly announced limit on resources can make individuals less willing to escalate their commitment to a failing course of action. However, the relationship between initial budget and schedule goals and software project escalation remains unexplored. Drawing on goal setting theory as well as sunk cost and mental budgeting perspectives, we explore the effect of goal difficulty and goal specificity on software project escalation. The findings from a laboratory experiment with 349 information technology professionals suggest that both very difficult and very specific goals for budget and schedule can limit software project escalation. Further, the level of commitment to a budget and schedule goal directly affects software project escalation and also interacts with goal difficulty and goal specificity to affect software project escalation. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the existing body of knowledge on software project management by establishing a connection between goal setting theory and software project escalation. The study also contributes to practice by highlighting the potential negative consequences that can result from the nature of initial budget and schedule goals that are established at the outset of a project. © 2012 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.",escalation of commitment | goal setting theory | mental budgeting | project estimation | software project escalation | software project management | sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,2012-07-01,Article,"Lee, Jong;Keil, Mark;Kasi, Vijay",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-63449112425,10.1002/sdr.420,Information systems research with system dynamics,"Catering to the growing community of scholars and practitioners who research information systems (IS) with system dynamics (SD), this article sketches IS research with SD as a genuinely transdisciplinary area that studies the design, implementation, management and effects of IS on people, organizations and markets. A preamble to a fascinating collection of five applied-research contributions to this System Dynamics Review (SDR) special issue, the article charts' IS research and places these contributions in their proper context of IS research with SD. The article outlines criteria and themes for future high-quality IS research with SD, emphasizing the value of the SD modeling process for IS research. By integrating IS research with SD, this special issue might serve well as a prototype for future SDR special issues, which will further integrate SD with research and practice in other social sciences, and thereby help identify new, exciting opportunities for future research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2008-12-01,Article,"Georgantzas, Nicholas Constantine;Katsamakas, Evangelos G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945189530,10.1109/QSIC.2003.1319095,A preliminary checklist for software cost management,"This paper presents a process framework and a preliminary checklist for software cost management. While most textbooks and research papers on cost estimation look mainly at the ""Estimation"" phase, our framework and checklist includes the phases relevant to estimation: ""Preparation"", ""Estimation"", ""Application"", and ""Learning"". We believe that cost estimation processes and checklists should support these phases to enable high estimation accuracy. The checklist we suggest is based on checklists from a number of sources, e.g., a handbook in forecasting and checklists present in several Norwegian software companies. It needs, however, to be extended through feedback from other researchers and software practitioners. There is also a need for a provision of conditions for meaningful use of the checklist issues and descriptions of the strength and sources of evidence in favor of the checklist issues. The present version of the checklist should therefore be seen as preliminary and we want to get feedback from the conference participants and other readers of this paper for further improvements.",Cost estimation | quality management and assurance | risk management,Proceedings - International Conference on Quality Software,2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Jorgensen, M.;Molokken, K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349621406,10.1002/sdr.425,Dynamics of concurrent software development,"In a concurrent development process different releases of a software product overlap. Organizations involved in concurrent software development not only experience the dynamics common to single projects, but also face interactions between different releases of their product: they share resources among different stages of different projects, including customer support, they have a common code base and architecture that carries problems across releases, they use the same capabilities, and their market success in early releases impacts their resources in later ones. Drawing on two case studies we discuss some of the feedback processes central to concurrent software development and build a simple simulation model to analyze the resulting dynamics. This model sheds light on tipping dynamics, the nature of inter-project feedback loops, and alternative resource allocation policies relevant to management of concurrent software development. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2009-07-01,Article,"Rahmandad, Hazhir;Weiss, David M.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036613356,10.1080/10429247.2002.11415158,A framework for assessing the reliability of software project status reports,"In this article, we propose a probabilistic model that accounts for project manager fallibility in determining project status, and the tendency of project managers to slant the status to be better than that actually perceived. We call the fallibility in determining status error, the tendency to slant perceived status bias, and the combined effect distortion. The results indicate that distortion can produce very large differences between true and reported status. In addition, the results indicate that the magnitude of this distortion is heavily influenced by the level of bias applied by the project manager. This investigation supports the notion that the reliability of status reports is not only dependent upon the skills of the project manager, but also on the culture of the organization. The model also provides a framework for further investigating status report reliability through empirical studies to determine error and bias estimates. © 2002 Taylor & Francis.",,EMJ - Engineering Management Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Snow, Andrew P.;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,System dynamics applied to the modelling of software projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,SESAM-simulating software projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903889986,10.1287/isre.2014.0523,Project managers' practical intelligence and project performance in software offshore outsourcing: A field study,"This study examines the role of project managers' (PM) practical intelligence (PI) in the performance of software offshore outsourcing projects. Based on the extant literature, we conceptualize PI for PMs as their capability to resolve project related work problems, given their long-range and short-range goals; PI is targeted at resolving unexpected and difficult situations, which often cannot be resolved using established processes and frameworks. We then draw on the information processing literature to argue that software offshore outsourcing projects are prone to severe information constraints that lead to unforeseen critical incidents that must be resolved adequately for the projects to succeed. We posit that PMs can use PI to effectively address and resolve such incidents, and therefore the level of PMs' PI positively affects project performance. We further theorize that project complexity and familiarity contribute to its information constraints and the likelihood of critical incidents in a project, thereby moderating the relationship between PMs' PI and project performance. To evaluate our hypotheses, we analyze longitudinal data collected in an in-depth field study of a leading software vendor organization in India. Our data include project and personnel level archival data on 530 projects completed by 209 PMs. We employ the critical incidents methodology to assess the PI of the PMs who led these projects. Our findings indicate that PMs' PI has a significant and positive impact on project performance. Further, projects with higher complexity or lower familiarity benefit even more from PMs' PI. Our study extends the literatures on project management and outsourcing by conceptualizing and measuring PMs' PI, by theorizing its relationship with project performance, and by positing how that relationship is moderated by project complexity and familiarity. Our study provides unique empirical evidence of the importance of PMs' PI in software offshore outsourcing projects. Given that PMs with high PI are scarce resources, our findings also have practical implications for the optimal resource allocation and training of PMs in software offshore services companies. © 2014 INFORMS.",IT project management | Practical intelligence | Software offshore outsourcing,Information Systems Research,2014-01-01,Article,"Langer, Nishtha;Slaughter, Sandra A.;Mukhopadhyay, Tridas",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028098869,10.1109/hicss.1994.323325,Understanding runaway IT projects: Preliminary results from a program of research based on escalation theory,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons, and can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that takes on a life of its own. Such projects exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the broader phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon, including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. This paper discusses the results of a series of experiments designed to test whether the phenomenon of escalating commitment could be observed in an IT context. This paper focuses not only on the results of the research which is still in progress, but also on the challenges that have been faced in conducting the research.",,Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1994-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Modeling dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870378581,,Estimating agile software project effort: an empirical study,"This paper describes an empirical study of effort estimation in agile software development. Estimated effort and actual effort of a 46-iteration project are collected and analyzed. The results show that estimation in agile development is more accurate than that in traditional development even though agile developers still underestimate the effort. However, estimation accuracy is not improved over time as expected by agile communities.",Agile planning | Agile software development | Software project effort estimation,"14th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2008",2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2942573917,10.1108/09593849610732059,"Mobile group support technologies for any-time, any-place team support","Mobile technology research focuses on supporting the individual mobile worker. Computer supported co-operative work research has primarily focused on supporting distributed, but fixed-site workers. Bridges both research foci by expanding to include mobile, any-time, any-place support. The complementary goal is to investigate better ways to prepare future team members for the new demands in the workplace. The VLab (Virtual laboratory) provides any-time, any-place process support for mobile software development teams. Presents a model that focuses on the processes involved in complex systems development and learning, and research propositions to evaluate mobile any-time, any-place support. Baseline measurements have been obtained and early results support the value of mobile group support technology. © 1996, MCB UP Limited",Groups | Job mobility | Learning | Systems development,Information Technology & People,1996-12-01,Article,"Nosek, John;Mandviwalla, Munir",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Are we prepared for simulation based studies in software engineering yet?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865352209,10.1109/MS.2011.126,Exploring software project effort versus duration trade-offs,"Estimates of effort and duration for a new software project often have to be adjusted to deal with an imposed target delivery date or a constraint on staffing. Estimating methods assume an effort/duration trade-off relationship based mostly on theory or expert judgment. This paper describes a process for analyzing actual project effort and duration data which is designed to explore the trade-off relationship. I assume a reference relationship of a simple power-curve with variable power ""N"" and use this (a) as a means of comparing the trade-off relationships assumed by four well-known estimating methods, and (b) as the basis for a process to analyze actual project data. Results are presented of applying the process to 16 sub-sets of project data. These suggest, for example, that the value of ""N"" differs between new development projects and enhancement projects. The Web Extra presents more results for each step in the effort-duration trade-off process described in the main article. © 2012 IEEE.",cost estimation | performance measures | project control and modeling | schedule and organizational issues | software metrics | software project management | time estimation,IEEE Software,2012-08-30,Article,"Symons, Charles",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034970853,,The Challenges of Accurate Project Status Reporting,"Project managers perceive and report project status. Recognizing that their status perceptions might be wrong and that they may not faithfully report what they believe, leads to a natural question how different is true software project status from reported status? Here, we construct a two-stage model which accounts for project manager errors in perception and bias that might be applied before reporting status to executives. We call the combined effect of errors in perception and bias, project status distortion. The probabilistic model has roots in information theory and uses discrete project status from traffic light reporting. The true status of projects of varying risk were elicited from a panel of five experts, and formed the model input. Key findings suggest that executives should be skeptical of favorable status reports, and that for higher risk projects executives should concentrate on decreasing bias if they are to improve the accuracy of project reporting.",Bias | Distortion | Errors | Misperceptions | Project status | Project visibility | Software project management | Traffic light reporting,Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Snow, A.;Keil, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A model for estimating the impact of low productivity on the schedule of a software development project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860580767,10.1145/1877725.1877730,Modeling dynamics in agile software development,"Changes in the business environment such as turbulent market forces, rapidly evolving system requirements, and advances in technology demand agility in the development of software systems. Though agile approaches have received wide attention, empirical research that evaluates their effectiveness and appropriateness is scarce. Further, research to-date has investigated individual practices in isolation rather than as an integrated system. Addressing these concerns, we develop a system dynamics simulation model that considers the complex interdependencies among the variety of practices used in agile development. The model is developed on the basis of an extensive review of the literature as well as quantitative and qualitative data collected from real projects in nine organizations. We present the structure of the model focusing on essential agile practices. The validity of the model is established based on extensive structural and behavioral validation tests. Insights gained from experimentation with the model answer important questions faced by development teams in implementing two unique practices used in agile development. The results suggest that due to refactoring, the cost of implementing changes to a system varies cyclically and increases during later phases of development.Delays in refactoring also increase costs and decrease development productivity. Also, the simulation shows that pair programming helps complete more tasks and at a lower cost. The systems dynamics model developed in this research can be used as a tool by IS organizations to understand and analyze the impacts of various agile development practices and project management strategies. © 2010 ACM.",Agile software development | Process modeling | Simulation | System dynamics,ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems,2010-12-01,Article,"Cao, Lan;Ramesh, Balasubramaniam;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027073629,,DynaMan: a tool to improve software process management through dynamic simulation,"The use of system dynamics as an innovative and effective technique to model software processes is reported. System dynamics has been used to study the quantitative aspects of software processes. The improvement of software development management deriving from the adoption of this technique is noted. In order to effectively use system dynamics based models, a tool is necessary to support their creation, customization, maintenance and simulation. DynaMan, a tool designed to accomplish these goals, is introduced. The first version of the tool and subsequent improvements are reported.",,,1992-12-01,Conference Paper,"Barbieri, Alessandro;Fuggetta, Alfonso;Lavazza, Luigi;Tagliavini, Marco",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864361951,10.1109/ICSSP.2012.6225958,Simulation-based decision support for bringing a project back on track: the case of RUP-based software construction,"RUP-based development has proven successful in various contexts. The iterative and phased development approach provides a framework for how to develop software efficiently and effectively. Yet, there are plenty of occasions that the projects go off-track in terms of the key parameters of the project such as quality, functionality, cost, and schedule. The challenge for the software project manager is to bring the project back on track. Simulation, in general, and system dynamics based simulation in particular, is established as a method to pro-actively evaluate possible scenarios and decisions. The main contribution of this paper is a method called SIM-DASH; it combines three established techniques for providing decision support to the software project manager in the context of RUP-based development. SIM-DASH consists of (i) a system dynamics modeling and simulation component for RUP-based construction, (ii) dashboard functionality providing aggregated and visualized information for comparing actual versus targeted performance, and (iii) knowledge and experience base describing possible actions that have proven successful in the past for how to bring a project back on track. As part of (iii), decision trees and experience-based guidelines are used. The interplay between these three components provides pre-evaluated actions for bringing the current project iteration back on track. As proof-of-concept, a case study is provided to illustrate the key steps of the method and to highlight its principal advantages. For this purpose, SIM-DASH was substantiated retrospectively for a real-world SAP web system development project within the banking field. While the method is applicable for different issues and scenarios, we study its impact for the specific issue of adding personnel to testing and/or development in order to ensure improved project performance to achieve established quality levels of feature development. © 2012 IEEE.",case study | construction phase | decision support | effort reallocation | project management | RUP | system dynamics modeling and simulation,"2012 International Conference on Software and System Process, ICSSP 2012 - Proceedings",2012-08-01,Conference Paper,"Paikari, Elham;Ruhe, Guenther;Southekel, Prashanth Harish",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,軟體專案管理研究架構及趨勢,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77951189975,10.1109/IADCC.2010.5422909,MaSO: A tool for aiding the management of schedule overrun,"Curbing schedule slippage is a daunting task in software industry. This problem evolves mainly because of poor analysis of risk factors and their management. This paper aims to handle this predicament with the help of Influence Diagram (ID). The three main risk factors that adversely affect the schedule are creeping user requirements, requirement instability and use of unnecessary features in the project. An integration of impacts of these with experts' opinion and with the existing databases (consisting of probability of occurrence of risk factors) helped us to create an ID based system that is capable to model the schedule slippage. This system can be used by the software manager at any stage of software development. ©2010 IEEE.",Bayesian network | Influence diagram | K2 algorithm | Risk management | Schedule management | Schedule overrun | Software developmen,"2010 IEEE 2nd International Advance Computing Conference, IACC 2010",2010-04-27,Conference Paper,"Jeet, Kawal;Dhir, Renu;Mago, Vijay Kumar;Minhas, Rajinder Singh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,軟體專案管理研究主題分析,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Incorporating technology acceptance and IS success frameworks into a system dynamics conceptual model: A case study in the ERP post-implementation …,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Towards Understanding Motivation in Software Engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85047013281,10.1145/2972958.2972959,Estimating story points from issue reports,"Estimating the effort of software engineering tasks is notoriously hard but essential for project planning. The agile community often adopts issue reports to describe tasks, and story points to estimate task effort. In this paper, we propose a machine learning classifier for estimating the story points required to address an issue. Through empirical evaluation on one industrial project and eight open source projects, we demonstrate that such classifier is feasible. We show that —after an initial training on over 300 issue reports— the classifier estimates a new issue in less than 15 seconds with a mean magnitude of relative error between 0.16 and 0.61. In addition, issue type, summary, description, and related components prove to be project dependent features pivotal for story point estimation.",Agile | Issue report | Machine learning | Story points,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2016-09-09,Conference Paper,"Porru, Simone;Murgia, Alessandro;Demeyer, Serge;Marchesi, Michele;Tonelli, Roberto",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR PORTFOLIO COST MANAGEMENT IN OFFSHORE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING RELATIONSHIP,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864690869,10.1504/IJBSR.2011.042096,An integrated approach to software project management,"Project management techniques in the software industry have gained paramount importance. Traditional project management techniques like PERT/critical path method have proved to be inadequate because of the need for concurrent work scheduling and dynamic rework processes in IT projects. System dynamics (SD) modelling proved to be valuable in this context. Over the past two decades, many researchers had made successful attempts in this direction. But because of the very fact of being a continuous time modelling technique, SD fails to give the activity wise scheduling of the software project. In this paper, an integrated approach has been proposed which combines PERT and SD to derive the benefits from both the approaches. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.",Continuous time modelling | CPM | Critical path method | Discrete time modelling | Experienced staff | New staff | PERT | PERT/CPM | Productivity | Project evaluation and review technique | SD | Supervisory module | System dynamics,International Journal of Business and Systems Research,2011-01-01,Article,"Acharya, Padmanav;Velichety, Srikar",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An investigation of the relationships between goals and software project escalation: Insights from goal setting and goal orientation theories,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Otimizando recursos no processo de inspeção de software: uma abordagem utilizando simulação com dinâmica de sistemas,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Matching Process Support Technologies to Learning Requirements: VLab-Virtual Laboratories for Distributed Team Software Development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Process to explore the Software Project Effort/Duration Trade-off Relationship,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71549128988,10.1080/07421222.1994.11518050,Program Based on Escalation Theory,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons, and can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that takes on a life of its own. Such projects exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the broader phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon, including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. This paper discusses the results of a scries of experiments designed to test whether the phenomenon of escalating commitment could be observed in an IT context Multiple experiments conducted within and across cultures suggest that a high level of sunk cost may influence decision makers to escalate their commitment to an IT project In addition to discussing this and other findings from an ongoing stream of research, the paper focuses on the challenges faced in carrying out the experiments.© 1995 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Information systems failure | Runaway | Software project management | Sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,1994-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard;Saarinen, Timo;Tuunainen, Virpi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A prolog implementation of pattern search to optimize software quality assurance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,fnternational Centre for Theoretical Phvsics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85028561616,10.1016/j.infsof.2017.08.013,Applying System Dynamics Approach in Software and Information System Projects: A Mapping Study,"Context Software and information system are everywhere and the projects involving them are becoming more complex. However, these projects performance patterns are not showing improvement or convergence over time. Additionally, there is a growing interest in modeling the complexities involved in such projects for evaluating long-term impacts, especially the dynamic dimension. Objective This study aims to analyze how the system dynamics approach has been used in the scientific literature to model complexity in software and information system projects. Method The research approach used was a mapping study that combined bibliometrics and content analysis to draw the scenario of the research literature related to software and information system projects, identifying patterns, evolution trends, and research gaps. Results The results show the focus of the studies analyzed regarding the step of policy design and evaluation in the modeling process (46%), besides investigating software development projects (34%). This study also reveals that the most employed tools are simulations (78%) and the causal loop diagram (61%), but only 37% presented model equations. As for the software and information system projects success dimension, system quality has prevailed (73%). Conclusion The mapping showed that there is a gap of studies exploring the implementation and post implementation phases of software and information systems. Few studies explored the social components; the majority of the studies focused on technical aspects and did not report the complete steps of system dynamics modeling development process. This lack of information hinders the reproduction of past results for expanding and developing new studies.",Complexity | Information systems | Mapping study | Software | System dynamics,Information and Software Technology,2018-01-01,Review,"Franco, Eduardo Ferreira;Hirama, Kechi;Carvalho, Marly M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Lean project management framework for the entrepreneur: traditional projects management, critical chain, and systems dynamics",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Schedule Compression in Software Development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Collaborative Software Process Dissertation Proposal Version 2,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860580767,10.1145/1877725.1877730,Modeling Dynamics in Agile Software Development,"Changes in the business environment such as turbulent market forces, rapidly evolving system requirements, and advances in technology demand agility in the development of software systems. Though agile approaches have received wide attention, empirical research that evaluates their effectiveness and appropriateness is scarce. Further, research to-date has investigated individual practices in isolation rather than as an integrated system. Addressing these concerns, we develop a system dynamics simulation model that considers the complex interdependencies among the variety of practices used in agile development. The model is developed on the basis of an extensive review of the literature as well as quantitative and qualitative data collected from real projects in nine organizations. We present the structure of the model focusing on essential agile practices. The validity of the model is established based on extensive structural and behavioral validation tests. Insights gained from experimentation with the model answer important questions faced by development teams in implementing two unique practices used in agile development. The results suggest that due to refactoring, the cost of implementing changes to a system varies cyclically and increases during later phases of development.Delays in refactoring also increase costs and decrease development productivity. Also, the simulation shows that pair programming helps complete more tasks and at a lower cost. The systems dynamics model developed in this research can be used as a tool by IS organizations to understand and analyze the impacts of various agile development practices and project management strategies. © 2010 ACM.",Agile software development | Process modeling | Simulation | System dynamics,ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems,2010-12-01,Article,"Cao, Lan;Ramesh, Balasubramaniam;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Management Principles,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,PORTFOLIO COST MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF OFFSHORE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING RELATIONSHIPS FROM VENDOR'S …,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Extending the System Dynamics model of software project management to a multiproject environment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,[PDF] MaCO: A Tool For Aiding Management Of Cost Overrun Of A Software Development Project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,When are Two Heads Better Than One?: A Study on the Effects of Task Difficulty on Pair Computing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84993086800,10.1108/13287269880000740,Identifying process support requirements to facilitate distributed group work: A longitudinal study,"Mobile technology research focuses on supporting the individual mobile worker. CCSW research has primarily focused on supporting distributed, but fixed-site workers. This research bridges both research foci by expanding to include mobile, anytime, anyplace support. The VLab (Virtual laboratory) provides anytime, anyplace process support for mobile software development teams. A longitudinal evaluation of group interactions in multiple extant teams establishes a baseline that helps to identify process support requirements. This baseline can be used to judge the effect of introducing process support technology that addresses specific context variables in group interactions. © 1998, MCB UP Limited",Group interactions | Mobile worker | Support technology | Virtual laboratory,Journal of Systems and Information Technology,1998-12-01,Review,"Nosek, J.;Mandviwalla, M.;Kock, N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,PhD Theses in Experimental Software Engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,System dynamics model for simulation of the software inspection process,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Costs and benefits of software engineering in product development environments,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Modelo de dinâmica de sistemas para apoio a decisões no processo de inspeção de Software,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Aplicação de Pontos por Função em Projetos que Usam Métodos Ágeis: Uma Análise Comparativa entre Abordagens Existentes,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,廠商投機性競標行為之關鍵原因與對策研析,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Tarek Abdel-Hamid (Publications by google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software project dynamics: an integrated approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Lessons learned from modeling the dynamics of software development,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024611582,10.1109/32.21738,The dynamics of software project staffing: a system dynamics based simulation approach,"People issues have gained recognition, in recent years, as being at the core of effective software project management. In this paper we focus on the dynamics of software project staffing throughout the software development lifecycles. Our research vehicle is a comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process. A detailed discussion of the model's structure as well as its behavior is provided. The results of a case study in which the model is used to simulate the staffing practices of an actual software project is then presented. The experiment produces some interesting insights into the policies (both explicit and implicit) for managing the human resource, and their impact on project behavior. The decision-support capability of the model to answer what-if questions is also demonstrated. In particular, the model is used to test the degree of interchangeability of men and months on the particular software project. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Note,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027580495,10.1287/mnsc.39.4.411,Alternative conceptions of feedback in dynamic decision environments: an experimental investigation,"Studies conducted in recent years have shown that outcome feedback in dynamic decision-making tasks does not lead to improved performance. This has led researchers to examine alternatives to outcome feedback for improving decision makers' performance in such tasks. This study examines the feasibility of improving performance in dynamic tasks by providing cognitive feedback or feedforward. We report a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a set of simulated software development projects. Results indicate that subjects provided with cognitive feedback performed best, followed by those provided with feedforward. Subjects provided with outcome feedback performed poorly. We discuss the implications of the results for decision support in dynamic tasks.",,Management Science,1993-01-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,The impact of goals on software project management: An experimental investigation,"Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The elusive silver lining: how we fail to learn from failure in software development,,,,,,,Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The dynamics of software development project management: An integrative system dynamics perspective,,,,,,,Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001318558,10.1016/0164-1212(88)90015-5,Understanding the “90% syndrome” in software project management: A simulation-based case study,"There is ample evidence in the literature to indicate that the ""90% syndrome"" is pervasive in software project management. The objective of this paper is to report on a study of this important phenomenon. Our research vehicle is a System Dynamics simulation model of the software development process. Model results obtained from an analysis of a NASA software project indicate that the problem arises because of the interaction of two factors: underestimation and imprecise measurement of project progress due to poor visibility. The model is used to investigate the viability of two project strategies for ""curing"" the 90% syndrome problem. © 1988.",,The Journal of Systems and Software,1988-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249089799,10.2307/249206,The economics of software quality assurance: a simulation-based case study,"Software quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the successful development and maintenance of software systems. Because the QA activity adds significantly to the cost of developing software, the cost-effectiveness of QA has been a pressing concern to software quality managers. As of yet, though, this concern has not been adequately addressed in the literature. The objective of this article is to investigate the tradeoffs between the economic benefits and costs of QA. A comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process was developed that serves as an experimentation vehicle for QA policy. One such experiment, involving a NASA software project, is discussed in detail. In this experiment, the level of QA expenditure was found to have a significant impact on the project's total cost. The model was also used to identify the optimal QA expenditure level and its distribution throughout the project's lifecycle.",Software cost | Software project management | Software quality assurance | System dynamics,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,Software project control: An experimental investigation of judgment with fallible information,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022766907,10.1109/MS.1986.234072,Impact of schedule estimation on software project behavior,,,IEEE Software,1986-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027556524,10.1109/2.204681,"Adapting, correcting, and perfecting software estimates: a maintenance metaphor",Continuous software estimation models are needed that can constantly evaluate costs and schedules. This article proposes a hybrid estimation model and demonstrates how to use it. © 1993 IEEE,,Computer,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031233441,10.1016/S0164-1212(96)00156-2,Software-engineering process simulation model (SEPS),"This paper describes the Software-Engineering Process Simulation (SEPS) model developed at JPL. SEPS is a dynamic simulation model of the software project-development process. It uses the feedback principles of system dynamics to simulate the dynamic interactions among various software life-cycle development activities and management decision-making processes. The model is designed to be a planning tool to examine trade-offs of cost, schedule, and functionality, and to test the implications of different managerial policies on a project's outcome. Furthermore, SEPS will enable software managers to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of software project development and perform postmortem assessments. © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.",,Journal of Systems and Software,1997-01-01,Article,"Lin, Chi Y.;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek;Sherif, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036980241,10.1002/sdr.240,Modeling the dynamics of human energy regulation and its implications for obesity treatment,"Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and is threatening to become a global epidemic. Even more concerning, the incidence of overweight continues to increase. The health consequences and economic costs to individuals and to society are considerable. Obesity is associated with many serious health complications, including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, selected cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. In the U.S., direct and indirect medical costs attributable to obesity are estimated to approach $100 billion yearly. Obesity develops when a chronic imbalance exists between energy intake, in the form of food and drink, and energy expenditure. To date, the emphasis of treatment has been on the energy intake side of the energy balance equation. This, in part, is because it has been difficult to demonstrate the efficacy to exercise as a treatment strategy. This paper attempts to demonstrate the utility of system dynamics modeling to study and gain insight into the physiology related to weight gain and loss. A simulation model is presented that integrates nutrition, metabolism, hormonal regulation, body composition, and physical activity. These processes are typically fragmented between many different disciplines and conceptual frameworks. This work seeks to bring these ideas together highlighting the interdependence of the various aspects of the complex human weight regulation system. The model was used as an experimentation vehicle to investigate the impacts of physical activity on body weight and composition. The results replicate the ""mix"" of results reported in the literature, as well as providing causal explanation for their variability. In one experiment, weight loss from a moderate level of daily exercise was comparable to the loss from dieting (when both produced equivalent energy deficits). Perhaps of greater significance, the exercise intervention protected against the loss of fat-free mass, which occurs when weight loss is achieved through dieting alone, and thus promoted favorable changes in body composition. In a second experiment, exercise regimens of moderate to high level of intensity proved counter-productive as weight-reducing strategies for an obese sedentary subject. This was due to the limited energy reserves (specifically, muscle glycogen) available to such individuals. However, when the diet was changed from a balanced composition to one that was highly loaded with carbohydrates, it became possible to sustain the intense exercise regimen over the experimental period, and achieve a significant drop in body weight. The results underscore the significant interaction effects between diet composition and physical activity, and emphasize the critical role that diet composition can have in exercise-based treatment interventions. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2002-12-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025212926,10.1109/52.43055,Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development,,,IEEE Software,1990-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037370299,10.1249/01.MSS.0000053659.32126.2D,Exercise and diet in obesity treatment: an integrative system dynamics perspective,"Purpose: Demonstrate the utility of System Dynamics computer modeling to study and gain insight into the impacts of physical activity and diet on weight gain and loss. Methods: A holistic System Dynamics computer model is presented that integrates the processes of human metabolism, hormonal regulation, body composition, nutrition, and physical activity. These processes are not independent of one another, and the model captures the complex interdependencies between them in the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism. The article demonstrates how such an integrative simulation model can serve as a viable laboratory tool for controlled experimentation to investigate the impacts of physical activity and diet on body weight and composition. Results: In one experiment, weight loss from a moderate level of daily exercise was slightly less than the loss from dieting. Although exercise did have a favorable impact on body composition by protecting against the loss in fat-free mass (FFM), it, however, failed to blunt the drop in resting energy expenditure (REE) that accompanies diet-based weight loss. The smaller loss in FFM did indeed induce a smaller drop in nominal REE, however, the preservation of FFM also affected a relatively larger loss in FM, which, in turn, induced a larger adaptive reduction in the metabolic rate. The two adaptations almost totally offset one another, causing minimal differences in REE. In a second experiment, exercise regimens of moderate- to high-level intensity proved counterproductive as weight-reducing strategies. However, when the diet was changed from a balanced composition to one that was highly loaded with carbohydrates, it became possible to sustain the intense exercise regimen over the experimental period and achieve a significant drop in body weight. Conclusion: The results underscore the significant interaction effects between physical activity, diet, and body composition and demonstrate the utility of computer-based experimentation to study, gain insight into, and make predictions about their dynamics.",Body composition | Feedback | Metabolism | Simulation | Weight loss,Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,2003-03-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The slippery path to productivity improvement,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0006337411,10.1080/07421222.1992.11517961,Investigating the impacts of managerial turnover/succession on software project performance,"The persistent turnover problem in the software field combined with the tendency of managerial succession to promote instability make this phenomenon of crucial importance to the student as well as the practitioner of software project management. The focus of most studies to date has been on the use of aggregated statistical data to answer macro questions regarding aggregates of organizations. On the other hand, there is a serious lack of micro-empirical analysis of turnover/succession and its impacts on managerial performance. This paper reports the results of a simulation-based laboratory study to investigate the impacts of managerial turnover/succession on software project performance. Specifically, the study examines the staffing and cost/schedule trade-off choices of successor project managers, and compares them with the choices made by managers who run their projects from start to finish without interruption. The results indicate that managerial turnover/succession can lead to a discernible (albeit unintended) shift in cost/schedule trade-off choices, affecting staff allocations and ultimately project performance in terms of both cost and duration. © 1992. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Managerial succession | Managerial turnover | Software project management | Software project staffing,Journal of Management Information Systems,1992-01-01,Article,"Tarek, K. Abdel Hamid",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020748063,10.1145/69586.358135,The dynamics of software project scheduling,"Software project scheduling is one of the major problem areas faced by software project managers today. While several quantitative software project resource and schedule estimation methods have been developed, such techniques raise some important, but as yet unresolved, dynamic issues. A systems dynamics (SD) approach is used to analyze several key dynamic software project scheduling issues. © 1983, ACM. All rights reserved.",computer simulation | software project scheduling | system dynamics,Communications of the ACM,1983-05-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027659459,10.1016/0164-1212(93)90107-9,A multiproject perspective of single-project dynamics,"Heretofore, the study of software project management has been limited to a single-project-in-isolation perspective, largely overlooking the interdependencies among projects. This is despite the fact that few, if any, actual software projects are carried out in complete isolation. In this work, I relax the project-in-isolation assumption and attempt to demonstrate that interactions and interdependencies among projects can have a significant influence on project behavior. As such, the behavior of an individual project in isolation may be very different from its behavior when it interacts with other projects. The research vehicle for this study is a multiproject system dynamics model that was developed on the basis of field studies in five organizations. The results of a case study conducted in a sixth organization to test the model's accuracy in replicating the behavior of two concurrent software projects are presented. In the final section of the paper, I conduct a number of model-based controlled experiments to assess the effects of inter-project interdependencies on project behavior. The results suggest that scheduling and work force allocation decisions in one project can significantly influence the cost and duration of the other. The significance of these results is twofold. First, they highlight a fundamental deficiency in the formulation of the current generation of estimation tools. Second, they underscore the perils of parochial decision making in a multiproject environment. © 1993.",,The Journal of Systems and Software,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The experience trap,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860580767,10.1145/1877725.1877730,Modeling dynamics in agile software development,"Changes in the business environment such as turbulent market forces, rapidly evolving system requirements, and advances in technology demand agility in the development of software systems. Though agile approaches have received wide attention, empirical research that evaluates their effectiveness and appropriateness is scarce. Further, research to-date has investigated individual practices in isolation rather than as an integrated system. Addressing these concerns, we develop a system dynamics simulation model that considers the complex interdependencies among the variety of practices used in agile development. The model is developed on the basis of an extensive review of the literature as well as quantitative and qualitative data collected from real projects in nine organizations. We present the structure of the model focusing on essential agile practices. The validity of the model is established based on extensive structural and behavioral validation tests. Insights gained from experimentation with the model answer important questions faced by development teams in implementing two unique practices used in agile development. The results suggest that due to refactoring, the cost of implementing changes to a system varies cyclically and increases during later phases of development.Delays in refactoring also increase costs and decrease development productivity. Also, the simulation shows that pair programming helps complete more tasks and at a lower cost. The systems dynamics model developed in this research can be used as a tool by IS organizations to understand and analyze the impacts of various agile development practices and project management strategies. © 2010 ACM.",Agile software development | Process modeling | Simulation | System dynamics,ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems,2010-12-01,Article,"Cao, Lan;Ramesh, Balasubramaniam;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449977983,10.1080/07421222.1989.11517847,"A study of staff turnover, acquisition, and assimilation and their impact on software development cost and schedule","In this article we investigate how staff turnover, acquisition, and assimilation rates affect software development cost and schedule. A system dynamics model of the software development process is employed as our experimentation vehicle. In addition to permitting less costly and less time-consuming experimentation, simulation-type models can provide useful insights into the causes behind the different behavior patterns observed. Our results indicate that staff turnover, acquisition, and assimilation rates can increase a project's cost and duration by as much as 40 to 60 percent. This suggests that the three staffing variables are indeed critical for the successful development of software systems, as well as for the accurate estimation of software development cost and schedule.",And software development cost and schedule | Human resource management | Project staffing | Software development | Software project management,Journal of Management Information Systems,1989-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84891387612,10.1007/978-0-387-09469-4,Thinking in circles about obesity: applying systems thinking to weight management,"Thinking in Circles about Obesity: Applying Systems Thinking to Weight Management Tarek K.A. Hamid, Operational and Information Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California Low-carb..low-fat...high-protein.. high-fiber...Americans are food-savvy, label-conscious, calorie-aware-and still gaining weight in spite of all their good intentions. Worse still, today's children run the risk of a shorter life expectancy than their parents. Thinking in Circles About Obesity brings a healthy portion of critical thinking, spiced with on-target humor and lively graphics, to the obesity debate. Systems and medical physiology scholar Tarek Hamid unites systems (non-linear) thinking and information technology to provide powerful insights and practical strategies for managing our weight and our health. Hamid's clear insights dispel dieters' unrealistic expectations and illuminate dead-end behaviors to tap into a deeper understanding of how the body works, why it works that way, and how to better manage it. Included are i ovative tools for: Understanding why diets almost always fall short of our expectations. Assessing weight gain, loss, and goals with greater accuracy. Abandoning one-size-fits-all solutions in lieu of personal solutions that do fit. Replacing outmoded linear thinking with feedback systems thinking. Getting the most health benefits from information technology. Making behavior and physiology work in sync instead of in opposition. Given the current level of the weight crisis, the ideas in Thinking in Circles About Obesity have much to offer clinical and health psychologists, primary care physicians, public health professionals, parents, and lay readers. For those struggling with excess weight, this book charts a new path in health decision making, to see beyond calorie charts, body mass indexes, and silver bullets. © Springer Science-Business Media, LLC 2009. All rights reserved.",,Thinking in Circles About Obesity: Applying Systems Thinking to Weight Management,2009-12-01,Book,"Hamid, Tarek K.A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032713186,10.1109/3468.736362,Coping with staffing delays in software project management: an experimental investigation,"A key factor in the management of software projects is the ability of the manager to handle delays in the hiring and assimilation of staff. This study examines how decision makers cope with staffing delays, and how their decisions affect the outcome of software projects. We report the findings of a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software project that entailed delays in the hiring and/or assimilation of staff. The performance of the subjects was ascertained in terms of the cost incurred and time taken in completing the project. While decision makers performed poorly in the presence of delays in either hiring or assimilation, subjects who had to deal with delays in the assimilation of staff performed worse than those dealing with hiring delays. Subjects who had to contend with both hiring and assimilation delays performed considerably worse than those who had to cope with just one type of delay. We suggest process explanations for the results, and discuss the implications of the results for managing software projects. © 1999 IEEE.",Delays | Dynamic decision making | Software project management | Staffing,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans.",1999-12-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Bosley, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030110520,10.1109/3468.485744,The impact of unreliable information on the management of software projects: a dynamic decision perspective,"The task of managing software projects is universally plagued by cost and schedule overruns. A fundamental problem in software projects is the presence of unreliable information, in initial information as well as in subsequent status reports. We report an experiment that investigates decision making in software projects as exemplars of complex, dynamic environments reactive to the actions of the decision maker. The experiment shows that in coping with unreliable information in such environments, decision makers are susceptible to self-fulfilling prophesies created by the environment, and are prone to demonstrate conservatism. A process tracing extension of the experiment shows that subjects demonstrate a low capacity for handling complexity. The implications of the results for managing software projects and for research in dynamic decision making are discussed. © 1996 IEEE.",,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans.",1996-12-01,Review,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023398475,10.1016/0378-7206(87)90025-5,On the portability of quantitative software estimation models,"Evidence in the literature indicates that the portability of currently available quantitative software estimation models is poor. A primary reason is that most models fail to account for managerial characteristics of the software development environment; a set of factors that tend to vary significantly from one organization to another. A major stumbling block has been the inability to quantify the impact of managerial-type factors on cost. In this study, we take a first step towards rectifying this situation. An extensive simulation model of the software development process is developed and used to identify managerial factors that impact the cost of software development, and to quantify the degree of that impact. Because the areas identified are variables that the project manager can objectively evaluate at the beginning of a software project, it should be feasible to incorporate them in future cost estimation models. This, we feel, would improve both their accuracy and portability. © 1987.",Simulation | Software estimation | Software project management | Software projects | System dynamics,Information and Management,1987-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025491424,10.1016/0164-1212(90)90035-K,On the utility of historical project statistics for cost and schedule estimation: results from a simulation-based case study,"Estimating the duration and cost of software projects has traditionally been, and continues to be, fraught with peril. This is in spite of the fact that over the last decade a large number of quantitative software estimation models have been developed. Our objective in this article is to challenge two fundamental assumptions that underlie research practices in the area of software estimation, which may be directly contributing to the industry's poor track record to date. Both concern the ""fitness"" of raw historical project statistics for calibrating and evaluating (new) estimation models. A system dynamics model of the software development process is developed and used as the experimentation vehicle for this study. An overview of the model's structure is presented, followed by a discussion of the two experiments conducted and their results. In the first, we demonstrate why it is inadequate to assess the accuracy of (new) estimation tools simply on the basis of how accurately they replicate old projects. Second, we show why raw historical project results do not necessarily constitute the most ""preferred"" and reliable benchmark for future estimation. © 1990.",,The Journal of Systems and Software,1990-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Project Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software project dynamics: an integrated approach. 1991,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034998572,,A model of software project management dynamics,"Due to increasing demand for software project managers in industry, efforts are needed to develop the management-related knowledge and skills of the current and future software workforce. In particular, university education needs to provide to their computer science students not only technology-related skills but, in addition, a basic understanding of typical phenomena occurring in industrial (and academic) software projects. This paper presents a controlled experiment that evaluates the effectiveness of using a process simulation model for university education in software project management. The experiment uses a pre-test-post-test control group design with random assignment of computer science students. The treatment of the experimental group involves a System Dynamics simulation model. The treatment of the control group involves a conventional predictive model for project planning, i.e. the well-known COCOMO model. In addition to the presentation of the results of the empirical study, the paper discusses limitations and threats to validity. Proposals for modifications of the experimental design and the treatments are made for future replications.",,"International Software Metrics Symposium, Proceedings",2001-01-01,Conference Paper,"Pfahl, D.;Koval, N.;Ruhe, G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028426135,10.1109/17.293378,The effect of reward structures on allocating shared staff resources among interdependent software projects: An experimental investigation,"Organizational theorists have long proposed the use of organizational reward structures to enhance coordination between interdependent projects. In practice, however, the structuring of reward schemes has been problematic, leading in many cases to dysfunctional behavior. The purpose of the reported research is to investigate the impact of different reward structures on the allocation of shared staff resources among interdependent software projects. The research question was explored in the context of a role-playing project simulation game. Experimental dyads played the roles of managers on two concurrent software projects sharing a limited staff resource. Two reward structures were tested, one that rewarded subjects for maximizing their own outcome (an “individualistic orientation""), and the other rewarded subjects for maximizing joint outcome (a “cooperative orientation""). The results suggest that reward structures lead to greater interaction and to more effective strategies for utilizing the organization’s staff resource, but they do not lead to less self-interested behavior. The findings of the current study extend the literature on reward structures beyond group performance on physical tasks to dynamic decision making. © 1994 IEEE",project management | reward structures | Software project staffing,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1994-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Hardebeck, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982682262,10.1002/sdr.4260050202,"Software productivity: potential, actual, and perceived","In this article, we investigate the dynamics of software development productivity throughout the software development lifecycle. Our investigation discerns three forms of productivity, namely, potential, actual, and perceived. This conceptual dissection of productivity provides a useful lens for focusing on two distinct sets of managerial concerns: losses in the efficiency of software production, and losses in the effectiveness of managerial control. Losses in production efficiency stem from faulty processes associated with motivation and communication and lead to a gap between potential productivity and actual productivity. Losses in the effectiveness of managerial control arise, particularly in the early stages of a software project, from the discrepancy between what management perceives productivity to be and what it actually is. Copyright © 1989 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,1989-01-01,Article,"Abdel‐Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905731815,10.1002/sdr.1517,Public and health professionals’ misconceptions about the dynamics of body weight gain/loss,"Human body energy storage operates as a stock-and-flow system with inflow (food intake) and outflow (energy expenditure). In spite of the ubiquity of stock-and-flow structures, evidence suggests that human beings fail to understand stock accumulation and rates of change, a difficulty called the stock-flow failure. This study examines the influence of health care training and cultural background in overcoming stock-flow failure. A standardized protocol assessed lay people's and health care professionals' ability to apply stock-and-flow reasoning to infer the dynamics of weight gain/loss during the holiday season (621 subjects from seven countries). Our results indicate that both types of subjects exhibited systematic errors indicative of use of erroneous heuristics. Indeed 76% of lay subjects and 71% of health care professionals failed to understand the simple dynamic impact of energy intake and energy expenditure on body weight. Stock-flow failure was found across cultures and was not improved by professional health training. The problem of stock-flow failure as a transcultural global issue with education and policy implications is discussed. © 2014 System Dynamics Society.",,System Dynamics Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek;Ankel, Felix;Battle-Fisher, Michele;Gibson, Bryan;Gonzalez-Parra, Gilberto;Jalali, Mohammad;Kaipainen, Kirsikka;Kalupahana, Nishan;Karanfil, Ozge;Marathe, Achla;Martinson, Brian;Mckelvey, Karma;Sarbadhikari, Suptendra Nath;Pintauro, Stephen;Poucheret, Patrick;Pronk, Nicolaas;Qian, Ying;Sazonov, Edward;Van Oorschot, Kim;Venkitasubramanian, Akshay;Murphy, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84970126174,10.1177/003754979105600407,An expert simulator for allocating the quality assurance effort in software development,"Increasingly software quality assurance (QA) is being recognized as a critical factor in the successful development of software systems. However, because the utilization of QA tools and techniques adds significantly to the cost of developing software, the cost-effectiveness of QA has been a significant concern to the software quality manager. As of yet this concern has not been adequately addressed in the literature.The objective of this research effort is to develop an expert/simulator to support the QA effort allocation decision. The expert system module derives QA effort allocation schemes, feeds them into the simulation model for testing, and uses the feedback from the simulation results to improve upon the efficiency of the QA effort distribution.In a case study involv ing a NASA software project, the model accurately replicated the project's dynamic behavior. The expertlsimulator was then capable of deriving a more cost effective QA policy that achieved a 26% reduction in total project cost. © 1991, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",simulation | software cost | software project management | Software quality assurance | system dynamics,Simulation,1991-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Leidy, Frank H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Modeling the dynamics of software reuse: An integrating system dynamics perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85134513681,,Modeling the dynamics of software project management,"In this paper the approach to the software project dynamics research and optimisation is presented. This approach is based on the Measurement, Modelling and Management of the software development process (the MMM approach). We propose to collect the statistics data of such software project parameters as software product size, requirements size, effort, duration, staff number, costs, etc. in order to forecast these parameters for future projects and optimise the whole software development process and its management. The chief practical impact of this research work is the project management system development based on the MMM approach.",,"Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Proceedings - Series of the Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI)",2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Soloshchuk, Vasyl",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Slippery Path to Productivity Improvement,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955972005,10.1002/pmj.20176,Single‐loop project controls: Reigning paradigms or straitjackets?,"This article reports on the results from an ongoing research program to study the role mental models play in project decision making. Project management belongs to the class of multiloop nonlinear feedback systems, but most managers do not see it that way. Our experimental results suggest that managers adopt simplistic single-loop views of causality, ignore multiple feedback interactions, and are insensitive to nonlinearities. Specifically, the article examines single-loop models of project planning and control, discusses their limitations, and proposes tools to address them. © 2010 by the Project Management Institute.",Feedback | Mental models | Multiloop nonlinear systems | Planning and control | Simulation | System dynamics,Project Management Journal,2011-02-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An integrative system dynamics perspective of software project management: arguments for an alternative research paradigm,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The economics of software quality assurance: a system dynamics based simulation approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A generic system dynamics model of software project management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Study of the Multicache-Consistency Problem in Multi-Processor Computer Systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,EUREKA: insights into human energy and weight regulation from simple—bathtub-like—models,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020933414,,An integrative approach to modeling the software management process: a basis for identifying problems and evaluating tools and techniques,"This paper reports on an ongoing research project to develop an integrative system dynamics computer model of software development project management. Such a model can help software development managers and researchers answer the difficult questions they need to raise when assessing organizational problems, selecting software engineering improvement tools, and in implementing their choices.",,,1983-12-01,Conference Paper,"Abdel-Hamid, T. K.;Madnick, S. E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956696377,,La trampa de la experiencia,"Objective: This report is the partial result of a survey carried out with the purpose of interpreting the process of reintegration to daily life of survivors after landmine accidents, through their testimonies when they recall their experiences. Methodology: A qualitative methodological approach and an ethnographic particularistic focus were employed. The techniques for gathering information were semistructured interviews to four participants, and observations during them. Results: This paper shows the category caught in the trap in response to the question: How is the experience of landmine accidents survivors? It describes the moment and place of the blast, the activity that was being carried out, the object responsible for the injuries, the harm caused, and the sensations of the survivors and their companions. Conclusions: Education on the risk of landmines is an adequate strategy to make communities and persons aware of the dangers posed by those artifacts. Consequently, the possibility arises to reduce such dangers to levels consistent with the recreation of milieus free from the restrictions imposed by the presence of landmines.",Accidents caused by explosives | Colombia | Landmines | Qualitative research | Survivors,Iatreia,2010-09-01,Article,"Restrepo, Margarita Lucía Correa;Durango, María Del Pilar Pastor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrating Genetic Algorithms With Systems Dynamics To Optimize Quality Assurance Effort Allocation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrated financial reporting for a small business,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Lessons learned from modeling the dynamics of software development,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A systems approach to modeling drivers of conflict and convergence in the Asia-Pacific region in the next 5-25 years,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A systems approach to modeling drivers of conflict and convergence in the Asia-Pacific region in the next 5-25 years,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrating Genetic Algorithms With Systems Dynamics To Optimize Quality Assurance Effort,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Thinking in circles about obesity, presentation",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,シミュレーション調査でわかった プロジェクト・マネジャーが陥る 「経験の罠」(Feature Articles 「協力する組織」 のマネジメント),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Experience Trap-New research shows that experienced managers fail to learn in complex situations. That causes them to blow budgets, miss deadlines, and generate defective projects. Here's what your company can do to break the pattern. (Actually this is ""The Experience Trap"", error by google).",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,THE OBESITY PROBLEM: IS IT A STATE IN MIND?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Response to letter from Professor Flatt,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031233441,10.1016/S0164-1212(96)00156-2,Software-Engineering Process Simulation Model (SEPS),"This paper describes the Software-Engineering Process Simulation (SEPS) model developed at JPL. SEPS is a dynamic simulation model of the software project-development process. It uses the feedback principles of system dynamics to simulate the dynamic interactions among various software life-cycle development activities and management decision-making processes. The model is designed to be a planning tool to examine trade-offs of cost, schedule, and functionality, and to test the implications of different managerial policies on a project's outcome. Furthermore, SEPS will enable software managers to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of software project development and perform postmortem assessments. © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.",,Journal of Systems and Software,1997-01-01,Article,"Lin, Chi Y.;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek;Sherif, Joseph S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Dynamics of Software Development: An Integrated Perspective of the Dynamic Interactions in Software Project Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Software Quality (Real title: ""The Economics of Software Quality Assurance: A Simulation-Based Case Study"")",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"This paper is a companion piece to ClSRWP No. 163,"" Modeling the Dynamics of Software Project Management"". Whereas WP 163 discusses the model itself in some detail, this paper focuses on the managerial lessons to be learned from the simulation model. Center for lnformation Systems Research",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A micro-computer based employee scheduling system for the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A GENERIC SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL OF SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT I. INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Use of Virtual Machines in the Development of Decision Support Systems.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Use of virtual machines in the development of decision support systems[Final Technical Report, Sep. 1977- Jan. 1979]",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,AU THOR IN DEX,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Anandalingam, G., see Clarke, EW, T-SMCA Nov 96 856-862",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of schedule pressure on software development: A behavioral perspective: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024611582,10.1109/32.21738,The Dynamics of Software Projects Staffing: A System Dynamics Based Simulation Approach,"People issues have gained recognition, in recent years, as being at the core of effective software project management. In this paper we focus on the dynamics of software project staffing throughout the software development lifecycles. Our research vehicle is a comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process. A detailed discussion of the model's structure as well as its behavior is provided. The results of a case study in which the model is used to simulate the staffing practices of an actual software project is then presented. The experiment produces some interesting insights into the policies (both explicit and implicit) for managing the human resource, and their impact on project behavior. The decision-support capability of the model to answer what-if questions is also demonstrated. In particular, the model is used to test the degree of interchangeability of men and months on the particular software project. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Note,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-55249089799,10.2307/249206,The Economics of Software Quality Assurance: A Simulation-Based Case Study,"Software quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the successful development and maintenance of software systems. Because the QA activity adds significantly to the cost of developing software, the cost-effectiveness of QA has been a pressing concern to software quality managers. As of yet, though, this concern has not been adequately addressed in the literature. The objective of this article is to investigate the tradeoffs between the economic benefits and costs of QA. A comprehensive system dynamics model of the software development process was developed that serves as an experimentation vehicle for QA policy. One such experiment, involving a NASA software project, is discussed in detail. In this experiment, the level of QA expenditure was found to have a significant impact on the project's total cost. The model was also used to identify the optimal QA expenditure level and its distribution throughout the project's lifecycle.",Software cost | Software project management | Software quality assurance | System dynamics,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1988-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976842520,10.1145/76380.76383,Lessons Learned from Modeling the Dynamics of Software Development,"Software systems development has been plagued by cost overruns, late deliveries, poor reliability, and user dissatisfaction. This article presents a paradigm for the study of software project management that is grounded in the feedback systems principles of system dynamics. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved.",90 percent syndrome | Brooks' Law | software project teams,Communications of the ACM,1989-01-12,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Madnick, Stuart E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,Software Project Control: An Experimental Investigation of Judgment with Fallible Information,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,"The Impact of Goals on Software Project Management: An Experimental -Investigation","Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035626767,10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699,The Effects of Time Pressure on Quality in Software Development: An Agency Model,"An agency framework is used to model the behavior of software developers as they weigh concerns about product quality against concerns about missing individual task deadlines. Developers who care about quality but fear the career impact of missed deadlines may take ""shortcuts."" Managers sometimes attempt to reduce this risk via their deadline-setting policies; a common method involves adding slack to best estimates when setting deadlines to partially alleviate the time pressures believed to encourage shortcut-taking. This paper derives a formal relationship between deadline-setting policies and software product quality. It shows that: (1) adding slack does not always preserve quality, thus, systematically adding slack is an incomplete policy for minimizing costs; (2) costs can be minimized by adopting policies that permit estimates of completion dates and deadlines that are different and; (3) contrary to casual intuition, shortcut-taking can be eliminated by setting deadlines aggressively, thereby maintaining or even increasing the time pressures under which developers work.",Agency Theory | Principal-Agent | Software Estimating | Software Measurement | Software Quality,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024753382,10.1109/TSE.1989.559768,Scale Economies in New Software Development,"In this paper we reconcile two opposing views regarding the presence of economies or diseconomies of scale In new software development. Our general approach hypothesizes a production function model of software development that allows for both increasing and decreasing returns to scale, and argues that local scale economies or diseconomies depend upon the size of projects. Using eight different data sets, including several reported In previous research on the subject, we provide empirical evidence in support of our hypothesis. Through the use of the nonparametric DEA technique we also show how to identify the most productive scale size that may vary across organizations. © 1989 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1989-01-01,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Kemerer, Chris F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84976765356,10.1145/163359.163375,Software Complexity and Maintenance Costs,,Productivity | software complexity | software economics | software maintenance,Communications of the ACM,1993-01-11,Article,"Banker, Rajiv D.;Datar, Srikant M.;Kemerer, Chris F.;Zweig, Dani",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Problem of Statistical Power in MIS Research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Economics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Residuals and Influence in Regression,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85135325284,10.1201/b17461,Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach,"A Framework for Managing, Measuring, and Predicting Attributes of Software Development Products and ProcessesReflecting the immense progress in the development and use of software metrics in the past decades, Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition provides an up-to-date, accessible, and comprehensive introduction to soft.",,"Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Third Edition",2014-01-01,Book,"Fenton, Norman;Bieman, James",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026207547,10.1287/mnsc.37.8.990,Parkinson’s Law and its Implications for Project Management,"Critical path models concerning project management (i.e. PERT/CPM) fail to account for work force behavioral effects on the expected project completion time. In this paper, we provide a modelling framework for project management activities, that ultimately accounts for expected worker behavior under Parkinson's Law. A stochastic activity completion time model is used to formally state Parkinson's Law. The developed model helps to examine the effects of information release policies on subcontractors of project activities, and to develop managerial policies for setting appropriate deadlines for series or parallel project activities.",,Management Science,1991-01-01,Article,"Gutierrez, Genaro J.;Kouvelis, Panagiotis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746131,10.1287/mnsc.46.4.451.12056,"Effects of Process Maturity on Quality, Cycle Time, and Effort in Software Product Development","The information technology (IT) industry is characterized by rapid innovation and intense competition. To survive, IT firms must develop high quality software products on time and at low cost. A key issue is whether high levels of quality can be achieved without adversely impacting cycle time and effort. Conventional beliefs hold that processes to improve software quality can be implemented only at the expense of longer cycle times and greater development effort. However, an alternate view is that quality improvement, faster cycle time, and effort reduction can be simultaneously attained by reducing defects and rework. In this study, we empirically investigate the relationship between process maturity, quality, cycle time, and effort for the development of 30 software products by a major IT firm. We find that higher levels of process maturity as assessed by the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity ModelTM are associated with higher product quality, but also with increases in development effort. However, our findings indicate that the reductions in cycle time and effort due to improved quality outweigh the increases from achieving higher levels of process maturity. Thus, the net effect of process maturity is reduced cycle time and development effort.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Harter, Donald E.;Krishnan, Mayuram S.;Slaughter, Sandra A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Parkinson’s Law and Other Studies in Administration,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Papers citing ""The impact of schedule pressure on software development: A behavioral perspective""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,"Software effort, quality, and cycle time: A study of CMM level 5 projects","The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84864127973,10.1109/TEM.2010.2101078,A DEA–Tobit Analysis to Understand the Role of Experience and Task Factors in the Efficiency of Software Engineers,"This study employs the data-envelopment analysis (DEA)-Tobit regression approach to analyze data from a leading software engineering organization to gain insights regarding the role of various types of technical experience and task factors in the efficiency of personnel assigned to software tasks. ""Efficiency"" follows a holistic-view definition as the quality and productivity achieved from the overall personnel experience, and it is evaluated with DEA. Then, a Tobit regression model is employed to determine the effect that various types of technical experience and task factors have on the DEA efficiency scores. Although the DEA-Tobit technique has been applied to various areas within the management science and operations research fields, it has not yet been presented as a general evaluation tool within the software-engineering field to understand drivers of software quality and productivity. We demonstrate how DEA-Tobit fills a gap not addressed by commonly applied methods in the literature. © 2012 IEEE.",Data-envelopment analysis (DEA) | personnel assignment | software quality | Tobit regression,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2012-05-23,Article,"Otero, Luis Daniel;Centeno, Grisselle;Otero, Carlos E.;Reeves, Kingsley",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869853174,,Time experience within an organization: how do individuals manage temporal demands and what technology can we build to support them?,"This study examines the time management strategies of individuals in an academic institution and gathers information on the complex temporal structures they experience and manage. Its focus is on how electronic tools can be designed to incorporate the temporal structures that govern time usage and thus, help individuals to better manage their time. This work consists of an exploratory field study to gather data on how people use temporal structures with electronic tools. This is followed by a survey that will be given to a larger group of respondents in the same subject population examined with the field study. The survey will test the hypotheses developed from a literature review on time management coupled with the information uncovered in the field study. Finally a prototype computer time management tool will be developed and distributed on a trial basis to the same community surveyed. A brief follow-up study will then be conducted on the prototype's use.",Electronic calendars | Electronic time management tools | Organizational behavior | Scheduling | Temporal structures | Time | Time management,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Wu, Dezhi;Tremaine, Marilyn;Hiltz, Starr Roxanne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,College of Business Administration,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,"Software Effort, Quality, and Cycle Time: A Study of CMM Level 5 Projects","The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,College of Business Administration Office of Research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Calendar Tools: Current Practices, New Prototypes and Proposed Designs",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Tara Thomas - Scopus (no google scholar page)(publications by Ning Nan and Donald Harter already looked at),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Under Deadline Pressure: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Economics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Mythical Man-Month,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Software Manager's Guide to Guesstimating,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Papers citing ""Software Engineering Under Deadline Pressure""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software estimation: demystifying the black art,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888352727,10.1016/j.infsof.2013.04.005,Global software testing under deadline pressure: Vendor-side experiences,"Context In the era of globally-distributed software engineering, the practice of global software testing (GST) has witnessed increasing adoption. Although there have been ethnographic studies of the development aspects of global software engineering, there have been fewer studies of GST, which, to succeed, can require dealing with unique challenges. Objective To address this limitation of existing studies, we conducted, and in this paper, report the findings of, a study of a vendor organization involved in one kind of GST practice: outsourced, offshored software testing. Method We conducted an ethnographically-informed study of three vendor-side testing teams over a period of 2 months. We used methods, such as interviews and participant observations, to collect the data and the thematic-analysis approach to analyze the data. Findings Our findings describe how the participant test engineers perceive software testing and deadline pressures, the challenges that they encounter, and the strategies that they use for coping with the challenges. The findings reveal several interesting insights. First, motivation and appreciation play an important role for our participants in ensuring that high-quality testing is performed. Second, intermediate onshore teams increase the degree of pressure experienced by the participant test engineers. Third, vendor team participants perceive productivity differently from their client teams, which results in unproductive-productivity experiences. Lastly, participants encounter quality-dilemma situations for various reasons. Conclusion The study findings suggest the need for (1) appreciating test engineers' efforts, (2) investigating the team structure's influence on pressure and the GST practice, (3) understanding culture's influence on other aspects of GST, and (4) identifying and addressing quality-dilemma situations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Global software development | Global software engineering | Software testing,Information and Software Technology,2014-01-01,Article,"Shah, Hina;Harrold, Mary Jean;Sinha, Saurabh",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858739008,10.1109/esem.2011.32,A current assessment of software development effort estimation,"In most cases, software projects exceed their estimated effort. It is often assumed that inaccurate estimates are the main reason for these overruns. Contrarily, our results show that this assumption is not reasonable in many cases. We conducted a survey to gather data on the current situation of software development effort estimation. Apart from objective criteria, we also asked the participants for their subjective perceptions of the estimates. The participants' perceptions indicate that they do not agree with the objective assessments as 82% perceive their estimate as 'good' despite large overruns and provide reasonable arguments for their perceptions. Furthermore, many projects do not re-estimate the effort due to change requests leading to meaningless comparisons of estimated and actual effort. As a consequence, research needs to find new measures to assess the actual estimation accuracy. Besides the actual estimation process, professionals need to intensify their effort to manage the estimation processes' surroundings. © 2011 IEEE.",Effort estimation | Questionnaire survey | Software development,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Basten, Dirk;Mellis, Werner",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84994121044,10.1145/2568225.2568245,Time pressure: a controlled experiment of test case development and requirements review,"Time pressure is prevalent in the software industry in which shorter and shorter deadlines and high customer demands lead to increasingly tight deadlines. However, the effects of time pressure have received little attention in software engineering research. We performed a controlled experiment on time pressure with 97 observations from 54 subjects. Using a two-by-two crossover design, our subjects performed requirements review and test case development tasks. We found statistically significant evidence that time pressure increases efficiency in test case development (high effect size Cohens d=1.279) and in requirements review (medium effect size Cohens d=0.650). However, we found no statistically significant evidence that time pressure would decrease effectiveness or cause adverse effects on motivation, frustration or perceived performance. We also investigated the role of knowledge but found no evidence of the mediating role of knowledge in time pressure as suggested by prior work, possibly due to our subjects. We conclude that applying moderate time pressure for limited periods could be used to increase efficiency in software engineering tasks that are well structured and straight forward.",Experiment | Review | Test case development | Time pressure,Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering,2014-05-31,Conference Paper,"Mäntylä, Mika V.;Petersen, Kai;Lehtinen, Timo O.A.;Lassenius, Casper",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029712969,10.1145/228329.228330,Enumerating the risks of reengineered processes,"Reengineering, the redesign of work processes using information technology as an enabler, promises great gains in efficiency, organizational flexibility and responsiveness to customers. Reengineering aims to eliminate excess work caused when processes involve multiple handoffs between functional departments and authorizations from multiple layers of management. Renegineering is being widely practiced, but with many reports of failures or undesired side effects. Reengineered processes typically require a much greater degree of information technology to support them. As computer based systems grow in size and cross organizational boundaries, they will became increasingly vulnerable to problems such as programming bugs, unauthorized users and inappropriate transactions. The increased complexity of these systems is likely to make these problems more difficult to detect. The real-time interaction of these processes across organizational units and with customers and suppliers increases the likelihood that a single problem will propagate into a large scale disaster that can threaten the organization's long term viability. A systematic examination of new risk vulnerabilities brought about by a proposed reengineered work process is required.",,Proceedings - ACM Computer Science Conference,1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lally, Laura",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Nature of Adherence to Planning as Criterion for Information System Project Success,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Relevance of IS Project Success Dimensions–A Contingency Approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Under Deadline Pressure: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Part I: Critical Estimation Concepts,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing Preliminary Requirements Information in Information Technology Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Nature of Adherence to Planning–Systematic Review of Factors Influencing its Suitability as Criterion for IS Project Success,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Regresní model pro odhadování nákladů,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"SH Costello (No google scholar profile, not found in scopus, papers founds in ACM database )",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Under Deadline Pressure,,,,,,,Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A survey of currently implemented Pascal extensions,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Dynamics of agile software development: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Project Dynamics – an integrated approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,The Impact of Goals on Software Project Management: An Experimental Investigation,"Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947426830,10.1109/TSE.2007.29,"Software Effort, Quality, and Cycle Time: A Study of CMM Level 5 Projects","The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has become a popular methodology for improving software development processes with the goal of developing high-quality software within budget and planned cycle time. Prior research literature, while not exclusively focusing on CMM level 5 projects, has identified a host of factors as determinants of software development effort, quality, and cycle time. In this study, we focus exclusively on CMM level 5 projects from multiple organizations to study the impacts of highly mature processes on effort, quality, and cycle time. Using a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 CMM level 5 projects of four organizations, we find that high levels of process maturity, as indicated by CMM level 5 rating, reduce the effects of most factors that were previously believed to impact software development effort, quality, and cycle time. The only factor found to be significant in determining effort, cycle time, and quality was software size. On the average, the developed models predicted effort and cycle time around 12 percent and defects to about 49 percent of the actuals, across organizations. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that some of the biggest rewards from high levels of process maturity come from the reduction in variance of software development outcomes that were caused by factors other than software size. © 2007 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Productivity | Software quality | Time estimation,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-03-01,Article,"Agrawal, Manish;Chari, Kaushal",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035626767,10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699,The Effects of Time Pressure on Quality in Software Development: An Agency Model,"An agency framework is used to model the behavior of software developers as they weigh concerns about product quality against concerns about missing individual task deadlines. Developers who care about quality but fear the career impact of missed deadlines may take ""shortcuts."" Managers sometimes attempt to reduce this risk via their deadline-setting policies; a common method involves adding slack to best estimates when setting deadlines to partially alleviate the time pressures believed to encourage shortcut-taking. This paper derives a formal relationship between deadline-setting policies and software product quality. It shows that: (1) adding slack does not always preserve quality, thus, systematically adding slack is an incomplete policy for minimizing costs; (2) costs can be minimized by adopting policies that permit estimates of completion dates and deadlines that are different and; (3) contrary to casual intuition, shortcut-taking can be eliminated by setting deadlines aggressively, thereby maintaining or even increasing the time pressures under which developers work.",Agency Theory | Principal-Agent | Software Estimating | Software Measurement | Software Quality,Information Systems Research,2001-01-01,Article,"Austin, Robert D.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-35648987987,10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2007.08.009,Agile development in a bureaucratic arena - A case study experience,"The evolving nature of development approaches towards Agile development is viewed with some success. However, evidence suggests that not all development environments have evolved with the same alacrity, thus an organization's inherent culture may not match the development approach adopted effecting failure. This paper concerns an innovative, real-world Government IS project that is currently being implemented in the UK that reflects such a situation. The paper looks at the tension that transpired between the bureaucratic project arena and the Agile development approach. It examines stakeholders' behaviour and attitudes borne from a bureaucratic and hierarchical society that were problematic for Agile development. It further explores the issues of conflict and trust that prevented key stakeholders from building and fostering a collaborative and co-operative collective with the Developers that had significant impact. The case study provides evidential insights into the phenomenon of stakeholder control over critical decision-making activities that prevailed over organizational driven strategies that has implications for practice. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Agile development | Bureaucracy | Conflict | Stakeholders,International Journal of Information Management,2007-01-01,Article,"Berger, Hilary",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21844497186,10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.366,"Exploring the ""planning fallacy"": why people underestimate their task completion times","This study tested 3 main hypotheses concerning people's predictions of task completion times: (a) People underestimate their own but not others' completion times, (b) people focus on plan-based scenarios rather than on relevant past experiences while generating their predictions, and (c) people's attributions diminish the relevance of past experiences. Results supported each hypothesis. Ss' predictions of their completion times were too optimistic for a variety of academic and nonacademic tasks. Think-aloud procedures revealed that Ss focused primarily on future scenarios when predicting their completion times. In Study 4, the optimistic bias was eliminated for Ss instructed to connect relevant past experiences with their predictions. In Studies 3 and 4, Ss attributed their past prediction failures to relatively external, transient, and specific factors. In Study 5, observer Ss overestimated others' completion times and made greater use of relevant past experiences.",,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1994-01-01,Article,"Buehler, Roger;Griffin, Dale;Ross, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Engineering Economics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-25844447030,10.1109/MS.2005.129,Management Challenges to Implementing Agile Processes in Traditional Development Organizations,"Agile software development processes have shown positive impacts on cost, schedule, and customer satisfaction. However, most implementations of agile processes have been in smaller-scale, software-only environments. In March 2004, a group of researchers and practitioners addressed the implementation of agile processes in large systems-engineering projects that rely on traditional development processes and artifacts. They identified three management challenge areas. Here, the authors discuss numerous ways in which to address them. © 2005 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2005-09-01,Article,"Boehm, Barry;Turner, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Learning from 27 Experience in Software Development: A Multilevel Analysis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Mythical Man-Month, Essays on Software Engineering,",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Agile Requirements Egnineering Practices: An Empirical Study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247538422,10.5465/AMR.2007.24351453,Developing Theory through Simulation Methods,"We describe when and how to use simulation methods in theory development. We develop a roadmap that describes theory development using simulation and position simulation in the ""sweet spot"" between theory-creating methods, such as multiple case inductive studies and formal modeling, and theory-testing methods. Simulation strengths include internal validity and facility with longitudinal, nonlinear, and process phenomena. Simulation's primary value occurs in creative experimentation to produce novel theory. We conclude with evaluation guidelines. Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved.",,Academy of Management Review,2007-01-01,Article,"Davis, Jason P.;Eisenhardt, Kathleen M.;Bingham, Christopher B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032189393,10.1016/S0263-7863(97)00059-8,Practical proposals for managing uncertainty and risk in project planning,"Standard planning techniques, such as PERT, and the popular software tools that support them are inadequate for projects involving uncertainty in the project direction and task durations. Probability distributions for task durations and generalized activity networks with probabilistic branching and looping have long been established as viable techniques to manage these project uncertainties. Unfortunately, their complexity has meant that their use in industry is minimal. This paper proposes extensions to existing software tools to specify and manage such uncertainties that would be easy to learn and use. A survey has shown that if these extensions were available, commercial and government organizations would regularly use them. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved.",Activity networks | Planning | Risk | Uncertainty,International Journal of Project Management,1998-01-01,Article,"Dawson, R. J.;Dawson, C. W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Accelerating adaptive processes: product innovation in the global computer industry,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002132859,10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199821)14:1<31::AID-SDR141>3.0.CO;2-5,Dynamic modeling of product development processes,"Successful development projects are critical to success in many industries. To improve project performance managers must understand the dynamic concurrence relationships that constrain the sequencing of tasks as well as the effects of and interactions with resources (such as labor), project scope and targets (such as delivery dates). This article describes a multiple-phase project model which explicitly models process, resources, scope, and targets. The model explicitly portrays iteration, four distinct development activities and available work constraints to describe development processes. The model is calibrated to a semiconductor chip development project. Impacts of the dynamics of development process structures on research and practice are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,1998-01-01,Article,"Ford, David N.;Sterman, John D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Time Pressure, Potency, and Progress in Project Groups",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Critical Chain,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031227582,,Developing Products on Internet Time,"The rise of the World Wide Web has provided one of the most challenging environments for product development in recent history. The market needs that a product is meant to satisfy and the technologies required to satisfy them can change radically--even as the product is under development. In response to such factors, companies have had to modify the traditional product-development process, in which design implementation begins only once a product's concept has been determined in its entirety. In place of that traditional approach, they have pioneered a flexible product-development process that allows designers to continue to define and shape products even after implementation has begun. This innovation enables Internet companies to incorporate rapidly evolving customer requirements and changing technologies into their designs until the last possible moment before a product is introduced to the market. Flexible product development has been most fully realized in the Internet environment because of the turbulence found there, but the foundations for it exist in a wide range of industries where the need for responsiveness is paramount. When technology, product features, and competitive conditions are predictable or evolve slowly, a traditional development process works well. But when new competitors and technologies appear overnight, when standards and regulations are in flux, and when a company's entire customer base can easily switch to other suppliers, businesses don't need a development process that resists change--they need one that embraces it.",,Harvard business review,1997-01-01,Article,"Iansiti, M.;MacCormack, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249008470,10.1016/0022-1031(92)90045-L,The effects of time scarcity and time abundance on group performance quality and interaction process,"The present research was designed to examine the impact of temporal constraints on group interaction and performance. Thirty-six triads worked on one of two planning tasks under conditions of time scarcity, optimal time, or time abundance. Group interactions were videotaped and coded using the TEMPO system. Each group's written solution was rated on length, originality, creativity, adequacy, issue involvement, quality of presentation, optimism, and action orientation. Each proposal suggested during the interaction was rated on creativity and adequacy. Interaction process data showed that time limits were inversely related to the amount of task focus shown by groups. Performance data showed that the effects of time limits on group performance varied depending on what aspects of quality were considered. Process-performance relationships were also examined within each time condition. The findings are discussed in terms of an attentional focus model of time limits and group performance. © 1992.",,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1992-01-01,Article,"Karau, Steven J.;Kelly, Janice R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036475856,10.1109/17.985742,Is faster really better? An empirical test of the implications of innovation speed,"New product innovation is critical to the competitive advantage of many firms. However, there is much hoopla, but little evidence, regarding the benefit of innovation speed. Specifically, there exists insufficient, often conflicting evidence about how dimensions of innovation strategy (cost, quality, and speed) relate to one another and how they ultimately affect project success. Evidence from 75 new product development projects clearly indicates that speed is positively related to quality and has the greatest influence on success. However, several external and firm-level factors were found to moderate the effect of innovation strategy dimensions on project success. Results point to the fact that relationships between dimensions of innovation strategy and project success vary with level and source of uncertainty, with the clearest finding being that speed leads to success primarily in more predictable contexts. This suggests that a fast-paced innovation strategy is best when ""you know where you're going"".",Competitive advantage | Demographic dynamism | Development cost | Environmental uncertainty | Innovation speed | New product development | Product quality | Product radicalness | Technological dynamism | Technology sourcing,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2002-02-01,Article,"Kessler, Eric H.;Bierly, Paul E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Agile and Iterative Development, a manager’s guide",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The effects of proximal and distal goals on perforamnce on a moderately complex task,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Extreme Programming and Agile Software Development Methodologies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36349001859,10.1002/sdr.377,"System Dynamics Applied to Project Management: a survey, assessment, and directions for future research","One of the most successful areas for the application of system dynamics has been project management. Measured in terms of new system dynamics theory, new and improved model structures, number of applications, number of practitioners, value of consulting revenues, and value to clients, ""project dynamics"" stands as an example of success in the field. This paper reviews the history of project management applications in the context of the underlying structures that create adverse dynamics and their application to specific areas of project management, synthesizes the policy messages, and provides directions for future research and writing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,System Dynamics Review,2007-06-01,Review,"Lyneis, James M.;Ford, David N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Going Slow to Go Fast,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000381612,10.1016/s0272-6963(99)00018-2,Managing radical product development in large manufacturing firms: a longitudinal study,"This study explores and documents the processes by which large manufacturing firms develop and produce radical products. Seven projects from five Fortune 500 firms were analyzed over a 3-year period. Through the use of these case studies, we found common themes emerging in the way these firms manage their new product development (NPD) process in this turbulent environment. Our observations suggest that these high levels of uncertainty result in several unique challenges in developing the project, especially in the areas of managing functional integration and finding a divisional home for the emerging product. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Functional integration | Large manufacturing firms | Radical products,Journal of Operations Management,1999-01-01,Article,"McDermott, Christopher M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Agile Software Development: Adaptive Systems Principles and Best Practices,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27644439483,10.1109/TSE.2005.96,A Comparison of Software Project Overruns-Flexible versus Sequential Development Models,"Flexible software development models, e.g., evolutionary and incremental models, have become increasingly popular. Advocates claim that among the benefits of using these models is reduced overruns, which is one of the main challenges of software project management. This paper describes an in-depth survey of software development projects. The results support the claim that projects which employ a flexible development model experience less effort overruns than do those which employ a sequential model. The reason for the difference is not obvious. We found, for example, no variation in project size, estimation process, or delivered proportion of planned functionality between projects applying different types of development model. When the managers were asked to provide reasons for software overruns and/or estimation accuracy, the largest difference was that more of flexible projects than sequential projects cited good requirement specifications and good collaboration/ communication with clients as contributing to accurate estimates. © 2005 IEEE.",Cost estimation | Management | Project control and modeling | Software development models,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2005-09-01,Article,"Moløkken-Østvold, Kjetil;Jørgensen, Magne",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000094602,10.2307/3250982,One road to turnover: an examination of work exhaustion in technology professionals,"The concept of work exhaustion (or job burnout) from the management and psychology research literature is examined in the context of technology professionals. Data were collected from 270 IT professionals and managers in various industries across the United States. Through structural equation modeling, work exhaustion was shown to partially mediate the effects of workplace factors on turnover intention. In addition, the results of the study revealed that: (1) technology professionals experiencing higher levels of exhaustion reported higher intentions to leave the job and, (2) of the variables expected to influence exhaustion (work overload, role ambiguity and conflict, lack of autonomy and lack of rewards), work overload was the strongest contributor to exhaustion in the technology workers. Moreover, exhausted IT professionals identified insufficient staff and resources as a primary cause of work overload and exhaustion. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.",Burnout | Exhaustion | IS professionals | IT professionals | Staffing | Technology professionals | Turnover | Work overload,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Moore, Jo Ellen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035410546,10.1287/mnsc.47.7.894.9807,Cutting Corners and Working Overtime: Quality Erosion in the Service Industry,"The erosion of service quality throughout the economy is a frequent concern in the popular press. The American Customer Satisfaction Index for services fell in 2000 to 69.4%, down 5 percentage points from 1994. We hypothesize that the characteristics of services-inseparability, intangibility, and labor intensity - interact with management practices to bias service providers toward reducing the level of service they deliver, often locking entire industries into a vicious cycle of eroding service standards. To explore this proposition we develop a formal model that integrates the structural elements of service delivery. We use econometric estimation, interviews, observations, and archival data to calibrate the model for a consumer-lending service center in a major bank in the United Kingdom. We find that temporary imbalances between service capacity and demand interact with decision rules for effort allocation, capacity management, overtime, and quality aspirations to yield permanent erosion of the service standards and loss of revenue. We explore policies to improve performance and implications for organizational design in the service sector.",Organizational Learning | Service Management Performance | Service Operations | Service Quality | Simulation | System Dynamics,Management Science,2001-01-01,Article,"Oliva, Rogelio;Sterman, John D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-23844541959,10.1108/01443570510608574,Field studies into the dynamics of product development tasks,"Purpose - This paper aims to describe three exploratory field studies investigating which characteristics add to later time to market and/or low product functionality of newly developed products. The studies are conducted at the level of developments tasks, or work packages. The first and second studies investigate to what extent the unpredictability of the project's outcome is the result of the unpredictability of the completion time of individual work packages, and of the instability of the total network of work packages. Design/methodology/approach - Statistical analysis of the empirical data about the progress of three design projects carried out in the development department of a high-tech capital equipment manufacturer was used. The third study examines the reasons that members of the product development teams in this firm give for the unpredictability of time and quality of the project's outcome. Findings - The results result indicate the existence of three very different sources of unpredictability: the usual uncertainty about the duration of a design task, the discovery of unexpected new problems in a design task, and the reprioritization of a work package by project leaders due to new problems in other work packages. Originality/value - Together the three studies provide a detailed account of the operational characteristics of time-paced product development projects in a particular firm and suggest ways to effectively manage such a project. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Product development | Production scheduling | Project management | Project planning,International Journal of Operations and Production Management,2005-08-29,Article,"Van Oorschot, K. E.;Bertrand, J. W.M.;Rutte, C. G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033247479,10.2307/2667031,The Time Famine: Toward a Sociology of Work Time,"This paper describes a qualitative study of how people use their time at work, why they use it this way and whether their way of using time is optimal for them or their work groups. Results of a nine-month field study of the work practices of a software engineering team revealed that the group's collective use of time perpetuated its members' ""time famine,"" a feeling of having too much to do and not enough time to do it. Engineers had difficulty getting their individual work done because they were constantly interrupted by others. A crisis mentality and a reward system based on individual heroics perpetuated this disruptive way of interacting. Altering the way software engineers used their time at work, however, enhanced their collective productivity. This research points toward a ""sociology of work time,"" a framework integrating individuals' interdependent work patterns and the larger social and temporal contexts. The theoretical and practical implications of a sociology of work time are explored.•.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,1999-01-01,Article,"Perlow, Leslie A.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Systems Dynamics - Past the Tipping Point: - The Persistence of Firefighting in Product Development.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036625108,10.2307/3094806,Capability Traps and Self-Confirming Attribution Errors in the Dynamics of Process Improvements,"To better understand the factors that support or inhibit internally focused change, we conducted an inductive study of one firm's attempt to improve two of its core business processes. Our data suggest that the critical determinants of success in efforts to learn and improve are the interactions between managers' attributions about the cause of poor organizational performance and the physical structure of the workplace, particularly delays between investing in improvement and recognizing the rewards. Building on this observation, we propose a dynamic model capturing the mutual evolution of those attributions, managers' and workers' actions, and the production technology. We use the model to show how managers' beliefs about those who work for them, workers' beliefs about those who manage them, and the physical structure of the environment can coevolve to yield an organization characterized by conflict, mistrust, and control structures that prevent useful change of any type.",,Administrative Science Quarterly,2002-01-01,Article,"Repenning, Nelson P.;Sterman, John D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21244471539,10.1109/MS.2005.74,Primavera Gets Agile: A Successful Transition to Agile Development,"Primavera Systems, vendor for enterprise project management software, reports on adopting the Scrum agile developments process. The changes made helped the company start delivering higher-quality software while improving the development team's quality of life. Today, Primavera's development team is a model for other companies looking to adopt agile processes. © 2005 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2005-05-01,Article,"Schatz, Bob;Abdelshafi, Ibrahim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000876606,10.1177/014920639702300204,Temporal pacing in task forces: group development or deadline pressure,"Research on the punctuated equilibrium model of group development confounded group life span with member task completion. We report two studies that separate task pacing from life span development. In one, 50 students simultaneously performed group and individual projects. In the second, student groups worked on two tasks sequentially. Results indicate that the temporal pattern postulated in the punctuated equilibrium model reflects task pacing under a deadline, rather than the process of group development. © 1997 JAI Press Inc. 0149-2063.",,Journal of Management,1997-01-01,Article,"Seers, Anson;Woodruff, Steve",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027580495,10.1287/mnsc.39.4.411,Alternative conceptions of Feedback in Dynamic Decision Environments: An Experimental Investigation,"Studies conducted in recent years have shown that outcome feedback in dynamic decision-making tasks does not lead to improved performance. This has led researchers to examine alternatives to outcome feedback for improving decision makers' performance in such tasks. This study examines the feasibility of improving performance in dynamic tasks by providing cognitive feedback or feedforward. We report a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a set of simulated software development projects. Results indicate that subjects provided with cognitive feedback performed best, followed by those provided with feedforward. Subjects provided with outcome feedback performed poorly. We discuss the implications of the results for decision support in dynamic tasks.",,Management Science,1993-01-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Impact of Unreliable Information 30 on the Management of Software Projects: A Dynamic Decision Perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032713186,10.1109/3468.736362,Coping with Staffing Delays in Software Project Management: An Experimental Investigation,"A key factor in the management of software projects is the ability of the manager to handle delays in the hiring and assimilation of staff. This study examines how decision makers cope with staffing delays, and how their decisions affect the outcome of software projects. We report the findings of a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software project that entailed delays in the hiring and/or assimilation of staff. The performance of the subjects was ascertained in terms of the cost incurred and time taken in completing the project. While decision makers performed poorly in the presence of delays in either hiring or assimilation, subjects who had to deal with delays in the assimilation of staff performed worse than those dealing with hiring delays. Subjects who had to contend with both hiring and assimilation delays performed considerably worse than those who had to cope with just one type of delay. We suggest process explanations for the results, and discuss the implications of the results for managing software projects. © 1999 IEEE.",Delays | Dynamic decision making | Software project management | Staffing,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans.",1999-12-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Bosley, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Experience Trap,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035351883,10.1287/mnsc.47.5.647.10481,Managerial Allocation of Time and Effort: The Effects of Interruptions,"Time is one of the more salient constraints on managerial behavior. This constraint may be very taxing in high-velocity environments where managers have to attend to many tasks simultaneously. Earlier work by Radner (1976) proposed models based on notions of the thermostat or ""putting out fires"" to guide managerial time and effort allocation among tasks. We link these ideas to the issue of the level of complexity of the tasks to be attended to while alluding to the sequential versus parallel modes of processing. We develop a stochastic model to analyze the behavior of a manager who has to attend to a few short-term processes while attempting to devote as much time as possible to the pursuit of a long-term project. A major aspect of this problem is how the manager deals with interruptions. Different rules of attention allocation are proposed, and their implications to managerial behavior are discussed.",Attention | Controlled Markov Process | Decision Rules | Priority Setting | Satisficing | Thermostat,Management Science,2001-01-01,Article,"Seshadri, Sridhar;Shapira, Zur",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84984730837,10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601336,Business Dynamics - Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World,,,Journal of the Operational Research Society,2002-01-01,Article,"Swanson, J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033746667,10.1016/S0272-6963(00)00028-0,Successful execution of product development projects: balancing firmness and flexibility in the innovation process.,"This paper investigates project management methods used during the execution phase of new product development projects. Based on prior field observations, organizational theory and product development literature, we pose hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of the project execution methods of formality, project management autonomy and resource flexibility. A cross-sectional survey sample of 120 completed new product development projects from a variety of assembled products industries is analyzed via hierarchical moderated regression. We find that the project execution methods are positively associated with project execution success. Further, these methods are effective singly and collectively, suggesting that firms can `balance firmness and flexibility' in product development via appropriate execution methods. Surprisingly, the effectiveness of these methods is not contingent on the product or process technology novelty inherent in a given development project. The findings suggest that firms should adopt high levels of these approaches, and that a variety of projects can be managed using broadly similar project execution methods. The findings also suggest limitations on the application of organizational information processing theory to the context of product development projects. Directions for additional theory development are outlined.",,Journal of Operations Management,2000-01-01,Article,"Tatikonda, Mohan V.;Rosenthal, Stephen R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Mental Accounting Matters,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Processing resources in attention,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38549146488,10.1287/mnsc.1070.0733,Conditions that Shape the Learning Curve: Factors that Increase the Ability and Opportunity to Learn,"Prior studies examining factors that influence the learning curve mainly focus on settings in which firms adopt new products or technologies or open new plants or assembly lines. Less is known, however, about how more mature firms learn, when they are further down the learning curve. To gain insight into factors that enhance learning in this situation, I examine factors that increase both the ability and the opportunity to learn. I hypothesize that the ability to learn is enhanced by the presence of a moderate amount of temporary employees in the workforce and by providing employees with related variation in tasks, measured by product heterogeneity. In addition, I hypothesize that opportunities for learning are created when there is some slack in resources and when there are no problems in other important performance dimensions that consume employee attention. These hypotheses are examined using data of the Royal Dutch Mail, which has 27 geographically dispersed regions. Although these 27 regions are homogeneous with respect to their tasks, internal organization, type of products delivered, and technology used, their learning rates differ considerably. In the sample of 972 observations used for this analysis, I find that this variation in learning rates is explained by the percentage of temporary employees used, the level of excess capacity, the degree of product heterogeneity, and the degree to which regions face problems in other important performance dimensions. These findings provide insight into strategies that help managers in designing work processes to maintain a positive learning curve. © 2007 INFORMS.",Cost analysis | Effectiveness performance | Learning | Organizational studies | Production scheduling,Management Science,2007-12-01,Article,"Wiersma, Eelke",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041702219,10.1287/mnsc.49.4.514.14423,Interruptive Events and Team Knowledge Acquisition,"Interruptions have commonly been viewed as negative and as something for managers to control or limit. In this paper, I explore the relationship between interruptions and acquisition of routines - a form of knowledge - by teams. Recent research suggests that interruptions may play an important role in changing organizational routines, and as such may influence knowledge transfer activities. Results suggest that interruptions influence knowledge transfer effort, and both knowledge transfer effort and interruptions are positively related to the acquisition of new work routines. I conclude with implications for research and practice.",Interruptions | Knowledge acquisition | Knowledge management | Routines | Team,Management Science,2003-01-01,Article,"Zellmer-Bruhn, Mary E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Papers citing ""Dynamics of agile software development""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79956308286,10.1007/978-3-642-20677-1_9,Simulating kanban and scrum vs. waterfall with system dynamics,"Nowadays, Scrum is the most used Agile Methodology, while the Lean-Kanban approach is perhaps the fastest growing AM. On the other hand, traditional, waterfall-like approaches are still very used in real-life software projects, due to the ease of up-front planning and budgeting, that however are seldom matched upon project completion. In our opinion, more effort is needed to study and model the inner structure and behavior of these approaches, highlighting positive and negative feedback loops that are strategic to understand their features, and to decide on their adoption. In this paper we analyze the dynamic behavior of the adoption of Kanban and Scrum, versus a traditional software development process such as the Waterfall approach. We use a system dynamics model, based on the relationships between system variables, to assess the relative benefits of the studied approaches. The model is simulated using a commercial tool. The proposed model visualizes the relationships among these software development processes, and can be used to study their relative advantages and disadvantages. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Kanban | Modeling | Scrum | Simulation | System Dynamics | Waterfall,Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing,2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Cocco, Luisanna;Mannaro, Katiuscia;Concas, Giulio;Marchesi, Michele",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Agile project dynamics: A system dynamics investigation of agile software development methods,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869763982,10.1109/SEAA.2012.67,A model for global software development with cloud platforms,"Cloud Computing (CC) is a technological phenomenon that is becoming more and more important. Also Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can increase their competitiveness by taking advantage of CC. This new computing approach promises to provide many advantages, and many SMEs are encouraged to use it. However, CC is still in its early stage - for this reason we think that it is very important to study and assess its impact on SMEs' management processes. In this paper we propose a model for studying how Global Software Development can be facilitated using Cloud development environments, compared to a more traditional development environment. We use system dynamics to model and simulate how effective Cloud-based software development environments are for Global Software Development performed by a SMEs. Both studied environments assume a development process based on Scrum agile methodology. The proposed model could be used as a tool by the project managers to understand how Cloud Development Environments might facilitate Global Software Development. © 2012 IEEE.",Cloud System | Global Software Development | Modeling | Scrum | Simulation | System Dynamics,"Proceedings - 38th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2012",2012-11-27,Conference Paper,"Cocco, Luisanna;Mannaro, Katiuscia;Concas, Giulio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878440468,10.1145/2486046.2486063,Modeling user story completion of an agile software process,"Although some researchers have studied agile techniques of software development using simulation, simulation studies of actual agile projects are difficult to find. This report on an industrial case study seeks to address this need by presenting an experience of modeling and analyzing an agile software development process using discrete event simulation. The study, undertaken for software process improvement, produced analyses that provided project management with process capability information. First, a sensitivity analysis used a designed experiment to measure the dominant factors in user story productivity. Second, a response surface provided information on the process tolerance for defect rework. Finally, a scenario comparison supported a management decision on sprint usage. Copyright 2013 ACM.",Agile software process simulation | Simulating agile process | User story completion | User story productivity,ACM International Conference Proceeding Series,2013-06-06,Conference Paper,"Houston, Dan X.;Buettner, Douglas J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955133935,10.1109/ICCCYB.2010.5491255,Monitoring framework for large-scale software projects,"Software projects are problematic considering their high overruns in terms of execution time and budget. In large scale projects, the monitoring activity is a very difficult task, due to the very complex relation between resources and constraints, and must be based on a well established methodology. We propose a new approach to the monitoring of large-scale software projects. Our approach is based on project specific data and uses predictions to early detect project execution deviations, enabling the project manager to take early corrective actions. We present as well the reference implementation of the monitoring framework that we propose. © 2010 IEEE.",,"ICCC-CONTI 2010 - IEEE International Joint Conferences on Computational Cybernetics and Technical Informatics, Proceedings",2010-08-06,Conference Paper,"Stanciu, Ciprian;Creju, Vladimir Loan;Cires-Marinescu, Ruxandra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Literature Review on Application of System Dynamics in Software Project Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888862067,,The Bridge of Dreams,"Govind Purushottam Deshpande (1938-2013), more popularly known as GPD, feared nobody, certainly not sacred cows. He was a socialist, a scholar in China Studies, Sanskrit and Marathi, a poet and a playwright, and taught history, politics, and foreign policy. GoPu, as he was known in the Marathi world, also wrote on the contesting ideas that constitute the modern Marathi intellectual universe. Four of his contemporaries write about the EPW columnist, classical music lover and witty conversationalist.",,Economic and Political Weekly,2013-11-23,Review,"Mohanty, Manoranjan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing a Global Software Project under an Agile and Cloud Perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85153867450,10.1504/IJTPM.2023.129470,Complex system simulation: agent-based modeling and system dynamics,"Today, organisations collaborate to use more resources and reduce the risk of technological activities. The result of these collaborations is complex systems with socio-technical characteristics that, despite the many benefits, bring new and different problems and challenges for them. The current research intends to study these collaborations not as a static phenomenon but as a dynamic and heterogeneous system with various socio-technical characteristics, contrary to the prevailing practice in research in this field. Therefore, system dynamics and agent-based modelling are used to model an R&D collaboration system. Validation tests and comparison of simulation results with the actual behaviour of the system show success in recognising and representing the system under study. Findings show that using a socio-technical perspective and its methods helps to capture and structure the complexity and problems of systems and the interrelationships of these problems in a holistic view.",agent-based modelling | AnyLogic software | applications | cooperation | innovation | modelling methods | research and development collaborations | simulation | socio-technical approach | startups | system dynamics,"International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management",2023-01-01,Article,"Mood, Mohammad Mirkazemi;Mohaghar, Ali;Nesari, Yaser",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85019933923,10.1007/978-3-319-52491-7_6,Using System Dynamics for Agile Cloud Systems Simulation Modelling,"Cloud Systems Simulation Modelling (CSSM) combines three different topic areas in software engineering, apparent in its constituting keywords: cloud system, simulation and modelling. Literally, it involves the simulation of various units of a cloud system-functioning as a holistic body. CSSM addresses various drawbacks of physical modelling of cloud systems, such as time of setup, cost of setup and expertise required. Simulation of cloud systems to explore potential cloud system options for 'smarter' managerial and technical decision-making help to significantly eradicate waste of resources that would otherwise be required for physically exploring cloud system behaviours. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of System Dynamics, the most widely adopted implementation of CSSM. This chapter provides an in-depth background to CSSM and its applicability in cloud software engineering-providing a case for the apt suitability of System Dynamics in investigating cloud software projects. It discusses the components of System Dynamic models in CSSM, data sources for effectively calibrating System Dynamic models, role of empirical studies in System Dynamics for CSSM, and the various methods of assessing the credibility of System Dynamic models in CSSM.",Cloud computing | Simulation models | System dynamics,Strategic Engineering for Cloud Computing and Big Data Analytics,2017-01-01,Book Chapter,"Akerele, Olumide",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Improving management and tools for project performance in software development: a system dynamics approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Application of System Dynamics Modelling in support of Microsoft's Automation Strategy,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Risk Adjusted Agile–A Start-up Approach for Maximizing Value in IT Project Delivery,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85019951351,10.1007/978-3-319-52491-7_7,Software Process Simulation Modelling for Agile Cloud Software Development Projects: Techniques and Applications,"Software Process Simulation Modelling has gained recognition in the recent years in addressing a variety of cloud software project development, software risk management and cloud software project management issues. Using Software Process Simulation Modelling, the investigator draws up real-world problems to address in the software domain, and then a simulation approach is used to develop as-is/to-be models-where the models are calibrated using credible empirical data. The simulation outcome of such cloud system project models provide an economic way of predicting implications of various decisions, helping to make with effective and prudent decision-making through the process. This chapter provides an overview of Software Process Simulation Modelling and the present issues it addresses as well as the motivation for its being-particularly related to agile cloud software projects. This chapter also discusses its techniques of implementation, as well as its applications in solving real-world problems.",Simulation models | Software process | System dynamics,Strategic Engineering for Cloud Computing and Big Data Analytics,2017-01-01,Book Chapter,"Akerele, Olumide",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Understanding the Dynamics of Fixed-price Programs,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Modeling the effects of project staffing on software project performance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Herramientas para el análisis causal de defectos,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Tesis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869050048,,Tools for defect causal analysis: A systematic literatura review,"Defect causal analysis (DCA) is a tool used by organizations to indentify causes of defect in order to identify action that will prevent them for occurring in the future. Nevertheless, we argue that DCA is not correctly applied in software development organizations. The goal of this study is to identify the tools that are currently being used in the software industry for conducting DCA. We expect this will provide a starting point to improve the DCA process used in software development. In this context we have performed a systematic literature review of the available tools for DCA. An analysis of the results shows that the causality concept included in these tools can be improved. © 2012 AISTI.",causal analysis | process improvement | systematic literature review,"Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI",2012-11-19,Conference Paper,"Arreche, Santiago;Matalonga, Santiago;Feliu, Tomás San",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Kim E van Oorschot (google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-22744433015,10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601923,Relevance assumed: a case study of balanced scorecard development using system dynamics,"The balanced scorecard (BSC) has become a popular concept for performance measurement. It focuses attention of management on only a few performance measures and bridges different functional areas as it includes both financial and non-financial measures. However, doubts frequently arise regarding the quality of the BSCs developed as well as the quality of the process in which this development takes place. This article describes a case study in which system dynamics (SD) modelling and simulation was used to overcome both kinds of problems. In a two-stage modelling process (qualitative causal loop diagramming followed by quantitative simulation), a BSC was developed for management of one organizational unit of a leading Dutch insurer. This research illustrates how, through their involvement in this development process, management came to understand that seemingly contradictory goals such as customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and employee productivity were, in fact, better seen as mutually reinforcing. Also, analysis of the SD model showed how, contrary to ex ante management intuition, performance would first have to drop further before significant improvements could be realized. Finally, the quantitative modelling process also helped to evaluate several improvement initiatives that were under consideration at the time, proving some of them to have unclear benefits, others to be very promising indeed. © 2005 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Balanced scorecard | Insurance | Performance measurement | Simulation | System dynamics,Journal of the Operational Research Society,2005-01-01,Article,"Akkermans, H. A.;Van Oorschot, K. E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,Get Fat Fast: Surviving Stage‐Gate® in NPD,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80054835440,10.1111/j.1467-6486.2011.01019.x,Getting trapped in the suppression of exploration: A simulation model,"The benefits of strategically balancing exploitation and exploration are well documented in the literature. Nonetheless, many firms tend to overemphasize exploitation efforts, a situation commonly referred to as the 'success trap'. Previous studies have attributed this behaviour to managerial incompetence or myopia. However, some management teams appear to adequately recognize the exploration need, while not being able to bring about the required strategic change. We draw on system dynamics modelling to investigate this phenomenon. A simulation model is developed and then the behaviour of a selected firm is replicated to uncover the underlying processes. As such, we develop a process theory of the success trap at the managerial level, coined the 'suppression process'. This process theory describes and explains how the interplay between top managers, board members, and exploitation-exploration activities can trap the firm in the suppression of exploration. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Management Studies © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.",,Journal of Management Studies,2011-12-01,Article,"Walrave, Bob;van Oorschot, Kim E.;Romme, A. Georges L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879680894,10.5465/amj.2010.0742,Anatomy of a decision trap in complex new product development projects,"We conducted a longitudinal process study of one firm's failed attempt to develop a new product. Our extensive data analysis suggests that teams in complex dynamic environments characterized by delays are subject to multiple ""information filters"" that blur their perception of actual project performance. Consequently, teams do not realize their projects are in trouble and repeatedly fall into a ""decision trap"" in which they stretch current project stages at the expense of future stages. This slowly and gradually reduces the likelihood of project success. However, because of the information filters, teams fail to notice what is happening until it is too late. © 2013 Academy of Management Journal.",,Academy of Management Journal,2013-07-08,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Akkermans, Henk;Sengupta, Kishore;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-23844541959,10.1108/01443570510608574,Field studies into the dynamics of product development tasks,"Purpose - This paper aims to describe three exploratory field studies investigating which characteristics add to later time to market and/or low product functionality of newly developed products. The studies are conducted at the level of developments tasks, or work packages. The first and second studies investigate to what extent the unpredictability of the project's outcome is the result of the unpredictability of the completion time of individual work packages, and of the instability of the total network of work packages. Design/methodology/approach - Statistical analysis of the empirical data about the progress of three design projects carried out in the development department of a high-tech capital equipment manufacturer was used. The third study examines the reasons that members of the product development teams in this firm give for the unpredictability of time and quality of the project's outcome. Findings - The results result indicate the existence of three very different sources of unpredictability: the usual uncertainty about the duration of a design task, the discovery of unexpected new problems in a design task, and the reprioritization of a work package by project leaders due to new problems in other work packages. Originality/value - Together the three studies provide a detailed account of the operational characteristics of time-paced product development projects in a particular firm and suggest ways to effectively manage such a project. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Product development | Production scheduling | Project management | Project planning,International Journal of Operations and Production Management,2005-08-29,Article,"Van Oorschot, K. E.;Bertrand, J. W.M.;Rutte, C. G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886093057,10.1111/jpim.12051,Don't trust trust: A dynamic approach to controlling supplier involvement in new product development,"Prior literature stresses the importance for manufacturers to use formal and informal controls to coordinate collaborative new product development activities with suppliers. In doing so, the existence of trust between manufacturers and suppliers is believed to play a key role because it enables manufacturers to reduce investments in formal controls and rely more on less costly informal controls. Manufacturers and suppliers don't suddenly trust each other though: trust typically grows over time as the partners get to know each other. Trust may also decrease if manufacturers overuse formal controls or if suppliers underperform. These fluctuations in trust over the course of supplier-manufacturer relationships complicate the so-called trust-control nexus and raise important questions about the impact of trust on the efficiency and effectiveness of formal and informal controls as coordination mechanisms. Therefore, this study examines how manufacturers should balance formal and informal controls over time to reap the full benefits of collaborative product development with suppliers. For that purpose, a conceptual and system dynamics model are developed, which incorporate the links among formal and informal controls, trust, and the supplier's development performance. In an empirical validation in the context of the shipbuilding industry, the results reject the notion that manufacturers must lessen formal controls and increase informal controls with trust. Instead, it is most efficient and effective to invest always in formal controls, particularly process control, to coordinate supplier involvement in new product development. These results have important theoretical and managerial implications: Informal controls are not as profitable as expected. © 2013 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Smets, Lydie P.M.;Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Langerak, Fred",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053975025,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00846.x,"Escalation, De‐escalation, or Reformulation: Effective Interventions in Delayed NPD Projects","At the start of any project, new product development (NPD) teams must make accurate decisions about development time, development costs, and product performance. Such profit-maximizing decision making becomes particularly difficult when the project runs behind schedule and requires intervention decisions too. To simplify their decision making, NPD teams often use heuristics instead of comprehensive assessments of trade-offs among the aforementioned metrics. This study employs a simulation based on a system dynamics approach to examine the effectiveness of different decision heuristics (i.e., time, cost, and product performance). The results show that teams are better off if they decide to intervene rather than do nothing (escalation of commitment), but in making these interventions there is no single best decision heuristic. The most effective interventions combine decision heuristics, and the most effective combination is a function of the development time elapsed. For teams that discover schedule problems relatively early on in the development process, the best possible intervention is to increase both team size and product performance (combining the time and product performance heuristic). When teams discover schedule problems relatively late, the best intervention option is to decrease product performance and increase team size (combining the time and cost heuristic). In both situations, however, the best intervention combines two heuristics, with a trade-off across time, cost, and performance. In other words, trading off three project objectives outperforms trading off only two of them. These findings contribute to the extant literature by suggesting that, when the project is behind schedule, the choice extends beyond just escalating or de-escalating commitment to initial project objectives. Other than sticking to a losing course of action or cutting losses, there is an alternative: Commit to renewing the project. In this case, project lateness represents an opportunity to reformulate project objectives in response to new market information, which may lead to new product ideas and increased product performance. © 2011 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Langerak, Fred;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905731815,10.1002/sdr.1517,Public and health professionals’ misconceptions about the dynamics of body weight gain/loss,"Human body energy storage operates as a stock-and-flow system with inflow (food intake) and outflow (energy expenditure). In spite of the ubiquity of stock-and-flow structures, evidence suggests that human beings fail to understand stock accumulation and rates of change, a difficulty called the stock-flow failure. This study examines the influence of health care training and cultural background in overcoming stock-flow failure. A standardized protocol assessed lay people's and health care professionals' ability to apply stock-and-flow reasoning to infer the dynamics of weight gain/loss during the holiday season (621 subjects from seven countries). Our results indicate that both types of subjects exhibited systematic errors indicative of use of erroneous heuristics. Indeed 76% of lay subjects and 71% of health care professionals failed to understand the simple dynamic impact of energy intake and energy expenditure on body weight. Stock-flow failure was found across cultures and was not improved by professional health training. The problem of stock-flow failure as a transcultural global issue with education and policy implications is discussed. © 2014 System Dynamics Society.",,System Dynamics Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek;Ankel, Felix;Battle-Fisher, Michele;Gibson, Bryan;Gonzalez-Parra, Gilberto;Jalali, Mohammad;Kaipainen, Kirsikka;Kalupahana, Nishan;Karanfil, Ozge;Marathe, Achla;Martinson, Brian;Mckelvey, Karma;Sarbadhikari, Suptendra Nath;Pintauro, Stephen;Poucheret, Patrick;Pronk, Nicolaas;Qian, Ying;Sazonov, Edward;Van Oorschot, Kim;Venkitasubramanian, Akshay;Murphy, Philip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888340375,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2012.01331.x,"Cooperating to commercialize technology: A dynamic model of fairness perceptions, experience, and cooperation","Technology entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth, although entrepreneurs must maintain cooperative ties with the owners of any technology they hope to bring to market. Existing studies show that fairness perceptions have a great influence on this cooperation, but no research investigates its precise mechanisms or dynamic patterns. This study explores the development of 17 ventures that cooperated with a university-owner of technology and thereby identifies different cooperation patterns in which fairness perceptions influence the degree of cooperation. These perceptions also change over time, partly as a function of accumulated experience and learning. A system dynamics model integrates insights from existing literature with the empirical findings to reveal which cooperation mechanisms relate to venture development over time; the combinations of individual experience, fairness perceptions, and market circumstances lead to four different patterns. This model can explain changes in entrepreneurial cooperation as a result of changes in fairness perceptions, which depend on learning effects and entrepreneurial experience. Each identified cooperation pattern has implications for research and offers insights for practitioners who need to manage relationships in practice. © 2012 Production and Operations Management Society.",cooperation | fairness | spin-offs | system dynamics | technology commercialization,Production and Operations Management,2013-11-01,Article,"Van Burg, Elco;Van Oorschot, Kim E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Analyzing NPD projects from an operational control perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84945281766,10.1111/radm.12094,How to counteract the suppression of exploration in publicly traded corporations,"Top management teams frequently overemphasize efforts to exploit the current product portfolio, even in the face of the strong need to step up exploration activities. This mismanagement of the balance between explorative R&D activities and exploitation of the current product portfolio can result in the so-called success trap, the situation where explorative activities are fully suppressed. The success trap constitutes a serious threat to the long-term viability of a firm. Recent studies of publicly traded corporations suggest that the suppression of exploration arises from the interplay among the executive team's myopic forces, the board of directors as gatekeeper of the capital market, and the exploitation-exploration investments and their outcomes. In this paper, system dynamics modeling serves to identify and test ways in which top management teams can counteract this suppression process. For instance, we find that when the executive board is suppressing exploration, the board of directors can still prevent the success trap by actively intervening in the exploitation-exploration strategy. © 2015 RADMA and John Wiley",,R and D Management,2015-11-01,Article,"Walrave, Bob;van Oorschot, Kim E.;Romme, A. Georges L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84931569260,10.1002/pmj.21501,Strategic and cultural misalignment: Knowledge sharing barriers in project networks,"This article draws on theories from knowledge and project management to develop an understanding of how knowledge sharing is encouraged and hindered in the context of a multifirm network assembled to execute an innovative shipbuilding project. The empirical data are based on a qualitative case study, collected from in-depth face-to-face interviews in China and Norway, with the key people from a ship owner, shipbuilder, and ship technology supplier. The research indicates three interesting findings: First, differences in organizational culture (not national culture) hamper knowledge sharing. Second, a strategic misalignment made knowledge sharing difficult. Third, protecting knowledge by patenting and secrecy barely influenced the knowledge sharing processes. Based on previous research and lessons learned from case study experience, we suggest a framework to analyze challenges and links in project networks.",case study | knowledge sharing | project networks | shipbuilding,Project Management Journal,2015-06-01,Article,"Solli-Sæther, Hans;Karlsen, Jan Terje;Van Oorschot, Kim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Developing a Balanced Scorecard with System Dynamics, full paper on CD-ROM Proceeding of 2002 International System Dynamics Conference",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Ambidexterity and getting trapped in the suppression of exploration: a simulation model,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Analysing radical NPD projects from an operational control perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84962269087,10.1002/pmj.21585,Pilot Error? Managerial Decision Biases as Explanation for Disruptions in Aircraft Development,"Although concurrency between project development stages is an effective approach to speeding up project progress, previous research recommends concurrent engineering primarily for less complex, incremental projects. As such, in complex radical aircraft development projects, managers opt for less concurrency; however, by using system dynamics modeling, this study shows that less concurrency can contribute to overall project delays, rather than preventing them. The time lost by rework due to early starts of project stages is more than compensated by the time gained by early feedback and faster learning, with positive effects on project completion and subsequent sales.",concurrent engineering | decision making | human error | system dynamics,Project Management Journal,2016-04-01,Article,"Akkermans, Henk;Van Oorschot, Kim E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018018163,10.5465/AMBPP.2014.237,Sharing knowledge or not? Innovation and imitation in shipbuilding projects in China,"Innovative Western firms that want to enter the Chinese market face a difficult trade-off. To gain trust from the Chinese, firms need to share knowledge. But this could lead to imitation by the Chinese. We analyze this trade-off through system dynamics modeling based on a case study in the shipbuilding industry.",,Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Solli-Sæther, Hans;Karlsen, Jan Terje",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,System dynamics for project management research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Time for a hundred visions and revisions: a system dynamics study of the impact of concurrent engineering on supply chain performance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Developing a Balanced Scorecard with System Dynamics Eindhoven University of Technology–Department of Technology Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"E. VAN-Analyzing NPD projects from an operational control perspective. Eindhoven University of Technology, 2001",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,en KE van Oorschot–,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85024119631,10.1093/icc/dtx015,Managerial attention to exploitation versus exploration: toward a dynamic perspective on ambidexterity,"Managerial attention to exploitation and exploration has a strong influence on organizational performance. However, there is hardly any knowledge about whether senior managers need to adjust their distribution of attention to exploitation and exploration in response to major changes in demand patterns in their industry. Drawing on the analysis of a panel data set of 86 firms in the information technology industry exposed to an economic recession and recovery, we find that successfully navigating an economic downturn demands more managerial attention to exploration, while leveraging the subsequent upswing requires more attention to exploitation. As such, this study contributes to the literature by providing a dynamic perspective on ambidexterity: that is, senior managers need to redistribute their attention to exploration and exploitation to effectively meet the changing environmental demands over time.",,Industrial and Corporate Change,2017-12-01,Article,"Walrave, Bob;Romme, A. Georges L.;van Oorschot, Kim E.;Langerak, Fred",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Fighting the bear and riding the bull,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Three is a crowd? On the benefits of involving contract manufacturers in collaborative planning for three-echelon supply networks,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An empirical study into the causes of lateness of new product development projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A longitudinal empirical study of the causes of lateness of new product development projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85017519808,10.1111/jpim.12383,Measuring the Knowns to Manage the Unknown: How to Choose the Gate Timing Strategy in NPD Projects,"Stage-wise timing of new product development (NPD) activities is advantageous for a project's performance. The literature does not, however, specify whether this implies setting and adhering to a fixed schedule of gate meetings from the start of the project or allowing flexibility to adjust the schedule throughout the NPD process. In the initial project plan, managers and/or development teams often underrate the time required to complete the project because of task underestimation. Although the level of task underestimation (i.e., the unknown) is not identifiable at the start of the project, our study argues that project managers and/or teams can manage the unknown by measuring three project conditions (i.e., the knowns) during front-end execution, and use their values to select the best gate timing strategy. These project conditions entail: (i) the number of unexpected tasks discovered during the front-end, (ii) the willingness of customers to postpone their purchase in case the execution of these unexpected tasks would lead to a delayed market launch, and (iii) the number of unexpected tasks discovered just before the front-end gate. Together these conditions determine whether a more fixed or more flexible gate timing strategy is most appropriate to use. The findings of a system dynamics simulation corroborate the supposition that the interplay between the three project conditions measured during front-end execution determines which of four gate timing strategies with different levels of flexibility (i.e., one fixed, one flexible, and two hybrid forms) maximizes new product profitability. This finding has important implications for both theory and practice as we now comprehend that the knowns can be used to manage the unknown.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2018-03-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Eling, Katrin;Langerak, Fred",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Have we lost the ability to listen to bad news?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,16 Causal Loop Diagramming,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Counteracting the success trap in publicly owned corporations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Hamburgers and Broccoli: The averaging bias in project management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Care & Cure: Combine or Collaborate? Evaluating Inter-Organizational Designs in Healthcare,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,BAD NEWS & GOOD VIBES: Rational & Emotional Information in Complex New Product Development Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Fighting the bear and riding the bull: Exploitation and exploration during times of recession and recovery,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Care & cure combined: Using simulation to develop organization design theory for health care processes,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Things get worse before getting better: outsourcing NPD activities,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Preventing or escaping the suppression mechanism: intervention conditions,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The rise and fall of product innovation strategy: a simulation model,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Systeemdynamica en netwerkmodellering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Systeemdynamica en netwerkmodellering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-22744433015,10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601923,Relevance Assumed: A Case Study of Balanced Scorecard Development Using System Dynamics,"The balanced scorecard (BSC) has become a popular concept for performance measurement. It focuses attention of management on only a few performance measures and bridges different functional areas as it includes both financial and non-financial measures. However, doubts frequently arise regarding the quality of the BSCs developed as well as the quality of the process in which this development takes place. This article describes a case study in which system dynamics (SD) modelling and simulation was used to overcome both kinds of problems. In a two-stage modelling process (qualitative causal loop diagramming followed by quantitative simulation), a BSC was developed for management of one organizational unit of a leading Dutch insurer. This research illustrates how, through their involvement in this development process, management came to understand that seemingly contradictory goals such as customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and employee productivity were, in fact, better seen as mutually reinforcing. Also, analysis of the SD model showed how, contrary to ex ante management intuition, performance would first have to drop further before significant improvements could be realized. Finally, the quantitative modelling process also helped to evaluate several improvement initiatives that were under consideration at the time, proving some of them to have unclear benefits, others to be very promising indeed. © 2005 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Balanced scorecard | Insurance | Performance measurement | Simulation | System dynamics,Journal of the Operational Research Society,2005-01-01,Article,"Akkermans, H. A.;Van Oorschot, K. E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Empirical studies into the dynamics of product development tasks,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Time will tell: the impact of demand cyclicality and supply lead times on customer order information sharing in supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Empirical studies into the dynamics of product development tasks,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan hinase…; samenwerking in de chemische industrie,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,WERT: a conceptual planning and control framework for multiple experiental product development processes,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Leidraad voor samenwerking,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Samenwerking in ontwikkeling: productontwikkeling door uitbesteder en toeleverancier,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Oorschot, dr. ir. KE van",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Care and Cure: Compete or Collaborate? Improving Inter-Organizational Designs in Healthcare,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"INDEX TO VOLUME 56, 2005",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ISSN 1386-9213 NUR 804 Eindhoven June 2002,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Fighting the bear and riding the bull: Managerial attention to exploitation versus exploration,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Kishore Sengupta (google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027580495,10.1287/mnsc.39.4.411,Alternative conceptions of feedback in dynamic decision environments: an experimental investigation,"Studies conducted in recent years have shown that outcome feedback in dynamic decision-making tasks does not lead to improved performance. This has led researchers to examine alternatives to outcome feedback for improving decision makers' performance in such tasks. This study examines the feasibility of improving performance in dynamic tasks by providing cognitive feedback or feedforward. We report a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a set of simulated software development projects. Results indicate that subjects provided with cognitive feedback performed best, followed by those provided with feedforward. Subjects provided with outcome feedback performed poorly. We discuss the implications of the results for decision support in dynamic tasks.",,Management Science,1993-01-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84878188600,10.1177/0266242611417472,Knowledge management and innovation performance in a high-tech SMEs industry,"This article examines how knowledge management (KM) affects innovation performance within biotechnology firms. This is an industry in which small- and medium-sized biotech enterprises live together with the biotech divisions of large pharmaceutical firms. We conceptualize KM as a set of practices and dynamic capabilities, and hypothesize that KM dynamic capabilities act as a mediating variable between KM practices and innovation performance. We use structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses on a data set from the biotechnology industry. The results support our conceptualization and demonstrate its utility in explaining differences in innovation performance across firms. Findings have important implications regarding KM and innovation in high-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises. © The Author(s) 2011.",dynamic capabilities | high-tech | knowledge management | learning | SMEs,International Small Business Journal,2013-06-01,Article,"Alegre, Joaquín;Sengupta, Kishore;Lapiedra, Rafael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,The impact of goals on software project management: An experimental investigation,"Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Cognitive feedback in GDSS: improving control and convergence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031272253,10.1109/17.649871,Measuring user satisfaction in an outsourcing environment,"Outsourcing is a term that encompasses a variety of approaches to contracting for information technology (IT) services. It is defined as a transfer of any particular IT activity or a combination of activities from an organization using them to one or more external service providers. IT outsourcing leads to significant changes in the management processes of the IT organization. For example, while IT managers have always had the responsibility for ensuring that users within their organization maintain a high degree of satisfaction, they now have to monitor the quality of service, even though they are no longer the providers of the service. This gets complicated further when only some parts of the IT functions are outsourced while others are provided by an internal IT department. Thus, developing a comprehensive set of measurement tools and mechanisms is an important step toward monitoring the quality of service provided by both an outside source and an IT department. This paper investigates the usefulness of an existing usersatisfaction measurement instrument for identifying problem areas in a multiprovider outsourcing environment, where an external service provider and an internal IT department each has different roles in the system. It discusses the rationale for measuring user satisfaction and the instruments to carry out the measurement procedure. It reports the results of implementing and testing a previously developed, documented, and validated user-satisfaction instrument in an outsourcing environment and draws practical conclusions from the results. © 1997 IEEE.",Hospital information systems | Information technology | Outsourcing | User satisfaction,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1997-12-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Zviran, Moshe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845406559,10.2307/25148721,Incorporating software agents into supply chains: Experimental investigation with a procurement task,"Recently, researchers have begun investigating an emerging, technology-enabled innovation that involves the use of intelligent software agents in enterprise supply chains. Software agents combine and integrate capabilities of several information technology classes in a novel manner that enables supply chain management and decision making in modes not supported previously by IT and not reported previously in the information systems literature. Indeed, federations and swarms of software agents today are moving the boundaries of computer-aided decision making more generally. Such moving boundaries highlight promising new opportunities for competitive advantage in business, in addition to novel theoretical insights. But they also call for shifting research thrusts in information systems. The stream of research associated with this article is taking some first steps to address such issues by examining experimentally the capabilities, limitations, and boundaries of agent technology for computer-based decision support and automation in the procurement domain. Procurement represents an area of particular potential for agent-based process innovation, as well as reflecting some of the greatest technological advances in terms of agents emerging from the laboratory. Procurement is imbued with considerable ambiguity in its task environment, ambiguity that presents a fundamental limitation to IT-based automation of decision making and knowledge work. By investigating the comparative performance of human and software agents across varying levels of ambiguity in the procurement domain, the experimentation described in this article helps to elucidate some new boundaries of computer-based decision making quite broadly. We seek in particular to learn from this domain and to help inform computer-based decision making, agent technological design, and IS research more generally.",Agents | Artificial intelligence | Behavioral decision theory | Computer-aided decision making | Human performance | Procurement; supply chain management,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2006-01-01,Article,"Nissen, Mark E.;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027614935,10.1109/32.232025,Software project control: An experimental investigation of judgment with fallible information,"Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. In this study we investigate the heuristics deployed to cope with the Problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control, and present the implications for software project management. The paper presents a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle, and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects’ decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented. © 1993 IEEE",Anchoring | experimentation | project control | software productivity | software project management,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1993-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ronan, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,Get Fat Fast: Surviving Stage‐Gate® in NPD,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029408287,10.1016/0167-9236(94)00060-6,Multimedia in a design rationale decision support system,"The capture and use of design rationale information is widely recognized to be essential for the design and maintenance of large systems. Design rationale information needs to be captured from a variety of sources and contexts. A design rationale management system should be capable of representing and reasoning with both formal and informal information. REMAP/MM is a hypermedia decision support system that facilitates the capture of different types of design rationale knowledge using multiple media. The design rationale knowledge is represented using a conceptual model that includes the Issue Based Information Systems (IBIS) designed to model deliberations, a primary source of design rationale. The system incorporates models of multimedia components of design rationale, thereby facilitating reasoning with this knowledge. Decision support for the various stakeholders in systems development is provided in the areas of management of system evolution, system maintenance with changing requirements, design replay, and fulfilling ad hoc information requirements. © 1995.",Argumentation | Concept map | Decision support | Design rationale | Multimedia,Decision Support Systems,1995-01-01,Article,"Ramesh, Balasubramaniam;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The experience trap,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879680894,10.5465/amj.2010.0742,Anatomy of a decision trap in complex new product development projects,"We conducted a longitudinal process study of one firm's failed attempt to develop a new product. Our extensive data analysis suggests that teams in complex dynamic environments characterized by delays are subject to multiple ""information filters"" that blur their perception of actual project performance. Consequently, teams do not realize their projects are in trouble and repeatedly fall into a ""decision trap"" in which they stretch current project stages at the expense of future stages. This slowly and gradually reduces the likelihood of project success. However, because of the information filters, teams fail to notice what is happening until it is too late. © 2013 Academy of Management Journal.",,Academy of Management Journal,2013-07-08,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Akkermans, Henk;Sengupta, Kishore;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032713186,10.1109/3468.736362,Coping with staffing delays in software project management: an experimental investigation,"A key factor in the management of software projects is the ability of the manager to handle delays in the hiring and assimilation of staff. This study examines how decision makers cope with staffing delays, and how their decisions affect the outcome of software projects. We report the findings of a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software project that entailed delays in the hiring and/or assimilation of staff. The performance of the subjects was ascertained in terms of the cost incurred and time taken in completing the project. While decision makers performed poorly in the presence of delays in either hiring or assimilation, subjects who had to deal with delays in the assimilation of staff performed worse than those dealing with hiring delays. Subjects who had to contend with both hiring and assimilation delays performed considerably worse than those who had to cope with just one type of delay. We suggest process explanations for the results, and discuss the implications of the results for managing software projects. © 1999 IEEE.",Delays | Dynamic decision making | Software project management | Staffing,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans.",1999-12-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Bosley, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Toward integrating knowledge management, processes and systems: a position paper",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030110520,10.1109/3468.485744,The impact of unreliable information on the management of software projects: a dynamic decision perspective,"The task of managing software projects is universally plagued by cost and schedule overruns. A fundamental problem in software projects is the presence of unreliable information, in initial information as well as in subsequent status reports. We report an experiment that investigates decision making in software projects as exemplars of complex, dynamic environments reactive to the actions of the decision maker. The experiment shows that in coping with unreliable information in such environments, decision makers are susceptible to self-fulfilling prophesies created by the environment, and are prone to demonstrate conservatism. A process tracing extension of the experiment shows that subjects demonstrate a low capacity for handling complexity. The implications of the results for managing software projects and for research in dynamic decision making are discussed. © 1996 IEEE.",,"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans.",1996-12-01,Review,"Sengupta, Kishore;Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84973795013,10.1177/1063293X9400200308,Managing cognitive and mixed-motive conflicts in concurrent engineering,"In collaborative activities such as concurrent engineering (CE), conflicts anse due to differences in goals, information available, and the understanding of the task Such conflicts can be categorized into two types mixed-motive and cognitive Mixed-motive conflicts are essentially due to interest differentials among stakeholders Cognitive conflicts can occur even when the stakeholders do not differ in their respective utilities, but simply because they offer multiple cognitive perspectives on the problem Because conflicts in CE occur under a wider context of cooperative problem solving, the imperative for solving conflicts in such situations is strong This paper argues that mechanisms for managing conflicts in CE should bear a strong conceptual mapping with the nature of the underlying conflict Moreover, since CE activities are performed in collaborative settings, such mechanisms should accommodate information processing at multiple referent levels We discuss the nature of both types of conflicts and the requirements of mechanisms for managing them, The functionalities of an implementation that addresses these requirements are illustrated through an example of a CE task. © 1994, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.",cognitive conflict | cognitive feedback | design rationale | mixed-motive conflict,Concurrent Engineering,1994-01-01,Article,"Ramesh, Balasubramaniam;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028426135,10.1109/17.293378,The effect of reward structures on allocating shared staff resources among interdependent software projects: An experimental investigation,"Organizational theorists have long proposed the use of organizational reward structures to enhance coordination between interdependent projects. In practice, however, the structuring of reward schemes has been problematic, leading in many cases to dysfunctional behavior. The purpose of the reported research is to investigate the impact of different reward structures on the allocation of shared staff resources among interdependent software projects. The research question was explored in the context of a role-playing project simulation game. Experimental dyads played the roles of managers on two concurrent software projects sharing a limited staff resource. Two reward structures were tested, one that rewarded subjects for maximizing their own outcome (an “individualistic orientation""), and the other rewarded subjects for maximizing joint outcome (a “cooperative orientation""). The results suggest that reward structures lead to greater interaction and to more effective strategies for utilizing the organization’s staff resource, but they do not lead to less self-interested behavior. The findings of the current study extend the literature on reward structures beyond group performance on physical tasks to dynamic decision making. © 1994 IEEE",project management | reward structures | Software project staffing,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1994-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Hardebeck, Michael J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A framework for integrating knowledge process and system design,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0039966743,10.1080/10864415.1998.11518327,Improving the communicational effectiveness of virtual organizations through workflow automation,"Virtual teams are increasingly used for a wide variety of tasks to achieve organizational flexibility and reduce administrative overhead. Such teams are versatile and adaptive in many ways but often at the expense of high communication and coordination costs. This paper explores the communicational effectiveness of virtual teams for performing complex structured tasks with high coordination requirements. It investigates the communicational patterns of a virtual team created for the purpose of managing special events at a public university. An analysis of the e-mail messages between team members shows that the team adopted a ""hub-and-spoke"" communicational structure. This created bottlenecks, thereby impairing the team's communicational effectiveness. The findings underpin a proposed set of workflow-based solutions for improving the functioning of the team. This research highlights the need for a better understanding of the theoretical implications of workflow and related technologies for corporate communication, especially communication in virtual teams.",Communications | E-mail | Virtual teams | Workflow automation,International Journal of Electronic Commerce,1998-01-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Zhao, J. Leon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873289729,10.1287/orsc.1110.0719,The microevolution of routines: How problem solving and social preferences interact,"Routines are repetitive patterns of activity within a group, action patterns that help the group to solve problems and organize its way of functioning. Routines address issues of problem solving as well as issues of internal integration, such as regulating group identity, status distribution, and relationships. This study uses an experiment with three-person groups to examine how routines evolve in the interaction of problem-solving and internal integration dynamics. In line with previous work, we find that groups do indeed develop problem-solving routines over time and use them consistently. Furthermore, group members internalize and retain routines in their individual decisions. The formation and retention of these routines is, however, affected by social comparisons. Groups that have a strong sense of group identity use their problem-solving routines more consistently. Their members also better retain the routines in their individual decisions. In contrast, we find that differentiated status within a group distorts its problem-solving routines by overweighting the influence of the high-status member. Status also interferes with the formation and retention of routines, in that groups are relatively less consistent in using them and their members show lower retention of the routine in their individual decisions. Finally, a strong relationship between two of the three members in a group (leaving the third group member out) enables the two to engage in consistent problem solving, but concomitantly, the group as a whole is less able to apply its routines consistently, and group retention of routines also suffers. © 2013 INFORMS.",Behavioral economics | Organizational culture | Organizational routines | Social status,Organization Science,2013-01-01,Article,"Loch, Christoph H.;Sengupta, Kishore;Ahmad, M. Ghufran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-43149121796,10.1111/j.1467-8616.2008.00534.x,IT agility: striking the right balance,,,Business Strategy Review,2008-01-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Masini, Andrea",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957050560,10.1016/S0923-8433(96)80010-4,Incorporating multiple levels of information processing in CSCW: An integrated design approach,,,Human Factors in Information Technology,1996-12-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Te'eni, Dov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Direct manipulation and command language interfaces: a comparison of users' mental models,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042513328,10.1016/0305-0483(94)00061-E,Cognitive feedback in environments characterized by irrelevant information,"Research in human information processing demonstrates that the presence of irrelevant information has an adverse effect on the quality of decisions. Decision makers are unable to identify and separate the effect of irrelevant information, thereby reducing the quality of decisions. The propensity to overutilize irrelevant information is significant because present day work environments are increasingly rich in information. This study examines the comparative efficacies of two types of information-cognitive feedback and outcome feedback-in identifying irrelevant information and thereby improving decision quality. Outcome feedback is information on the accuracy of a decision. Cognitive feedback is information on the how and why underlying the accuracy. The results show that subjects provided with cognitive feedback attained significantly better identification of irrelevant information than those relying solely on outcome feedback. The use of cognitive feedback also resulted in greater accuracy and cognitive control. We discuss the implications of the results for designing decision support systems and for research in decision aiding. © 1995.",cognitive feedback | decision making/process | decision support systems,Omega,1995-01-01,Article,"Sengupta, K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Cognitive feedback in group decision support systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870964201,,Using Wikis to Generate Learning at ICIS 2007,"Exploratory learning during academic research presentations, such as at ICIS, is essentially a process of what has been referred to as 'perspective taking and perspective making'. Technology support has generally been limited to back-channel conversations, such as chat, discussion boards, or instant messaging. Wikis, however, provide additional affordances that make it possible to support not only back-channel conversations, but what we call ""back-channel contributions"". We found support for the proposition that ""backchannel contributions"" made in a first-ever use of wikis at ICIS would overcome process losses associated with the audience not being able to speak simultaneously with the speaker, and allow the audience to share reactions to the speech not just with the speaker but with others in the room, and, as a result, would help participants generate new ideas and learn not just from the speaker, but from each other.",Collaboration technology | Online communities | Web 2.0 | Wiki,ICIS 2008 Proceedings - Twenty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Majchrzak, Ann;Birnbaum-More, Phil;Johnson, Jeremiah;Sengupta, Kishore;Wagner, Christian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Creating Structures for Network-Centric Warfare: Perspectives from Organization Theory,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031612382,,Designing workflow management systems for virtual organizations: An empirically grounded approach,"The extant literature on business process re-engineering has reported extensively on process automation and re-engineering for regular organizations. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to transient organizational structures such as virtual teams. This study examines how a virtual team can benefit from workflow management systems. Our point of departure is an empirical analysis of the communication patterns and problems in an existing virtual team. The analysis indicates that the communication activities in the team are heavily skewed in time, on subjects, and towards certain team members. This causes overload, bottlenecks and other types of dysfunctionality. We suggest how the communication patterns can be re-engineered through a set of Web-based information technology solutions.",,Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1998-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sengupta, Kishore;Zhao, J. Leon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84892525091,10.1016/j.emj.2013.06.002,Deus ex machina? Career progress and the contingent benefits of knowledge management systems,"Knowledge management (KM) systems are increasingly common in firms which promote self-managed careers and autonomy, such as professional service firms. Yet, whether or not KM systems provide real benefits is underexplored. Our focus is on the impact of KM use on the career progress of service professionals. We use recorded logs of employee KM system use and career progress data over a two-year period within a strategy consultancy to study the effect of KM use on career advancement speed. We present a contingency-based model to KM use effectiveness, showing that, although KM use generally boosts career progress speed, (a) benefits vary by seniority (more junior employees benefit more), (b) benefits vary by knowledge type (encyclopedic vs. social), with social knowledge use mattering more to career progress, and (c) those service professionals who tap a wider range of knowledge sources progress faster in their careers. We also find mediating effects, specifically that KM system use operates partly by accelerating the development of task-related skills. We draw the conclusion that KM systems contain neither a magical Deus ex machine for boosting employee performance and progress but nor do they warrant excessive skepticism, rather their impact on careers is contingent on employee needs. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.",Careers | Knowledge management | Social identity | Talent development,European Management Journal,2014-02-01,Article,"Galunic, Charles;Sengupta, Kishore;Petriglieri, Jennifer Louise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958833863,,"When electronic recommendation agents backfire: Negative effects on choice satisfaction, attitudes, and purchase intentions","Many websites provide electronic recommendation agents that ask users questions about individual factors and their preferences for product attributes, and then rate and rank order the available products. Previous research has hailed these agents as rescuing consumers from choice overload. However, we report the results of an experiment in which use of an electronic recommendation agent negatively impacted participants' choice satisfaction, attitudes, and purchase intentions over a period of between one and two weeks. The data support our hypothesis that use of an electronic recommendation agent leads consumers to overweight utilitarian product attributes and underweight hedonic product attributes in choice.",,Advances in Consumer Research,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lajos, Joseph;Amitava Chattopadhyay, ;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0346777994,10.1109/HICSS.1991.184196,Reducing cognitive conflict through feedback in GDSS: An experiment in the formulation of group preferences,"Conflict between decision makers engaged in group decision making can arise from interest differences, cognitive limitations, or both. Research in Group decision Support Systems (GDSS) has addressed the former, but has neglected the latter, i.e., cognitive conflict. This paper explains how cognitive conflict affects group decision making and how such conflict can be reduced through cognitive feedback. GDSS offer new opportunities for providing such feedback, and a simple experiment demonstrates the kinds of research questions that arise in this context. The results of the experiment suggest that feedback can play a role in group decision making and that this may be an important direction for research in GDSS. The study also points to the need for further research with more complex decisions.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1991-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sengupta, Kishore;Te'eni, Dov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,What is IT Agility? Does it affect Organizational Performance? A Conceptualization and Some Empirical Evidence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-43949151967,10.1016/0959-8022(94)90025-6,Views of work and the design and use of group support systems,"The view of work embodied in a group support system constitutes a designer's understanding of how work gets done in collaborative settings. This paper argues that a designer's view of collaborative work shapes the design space of a group support system. This in turn affects the system's functionality, as well as the manner in which it is used. An analysis of the views of work underlying four group support systems used in research and commercial domains, reveals sharp differences in their perspectives on collaborative work. Our approach suggests three implications. First the design process should be driven by an explicit articulation of the view of work. Second, examining convergence between a system's view of work and the work practices of a setting, can usefully indicate whether the system is appropriate for the setting. Finally, research on the mediating role of the view of work in the effectiveness of group support systems, can lead to a richer understanding of the impact of such systems. © 1995.",,"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies",1994-01-01,Article,"Sengupta, Kishore;Te'eni, Dov;Melone, Nancy P.;Limayem, Moez;Weisband, Suzanne P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038468483,10.1109/HICSS.1993.284187,Cognitive conflict and negotiation support: a reconceptualization,"Cognitive conflicts arise when group members differ in their respective cognitive views of a task but are unable to resolve the differences because of cognitive limitations. Extant research on cognitive conflict has largely taken a cue integration perspective. This paper argues for a broader view of cognitive conflict based on the processes of cue discovery in naturalistic environments. A series of simulations are conducted for determining a priori expectations about the extent of conflict under different configurations of cue integration and cue discovery. We discuss the efficacy of decision support in resolving cognitive conflict, and report a simulation comparing two different forms of decision support. The findings of the paper have implications for group work and group coordination.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1993-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031611040,,Information sharing among multiple heterogeneous data sources distributed across the Internet,"The technologies, techniques and protocols that can be used to facilitate the sharing of information from multiple heterogeneous data sources distributed across the Internet are presented. This minitrack consists of three papers addressing the various aspects of information sharing.",,Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1998-01-01,Conference Paper,"Ram, Sudha;Ramesh, V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of cognitive feedback on the performance of intelligence analysts,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Effect of Task Complexity on User Interfaces: A Comparison of Command Language Interface and Direct Manipulation Interface,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of cognitive feedback on group decision-making,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Have we lost the ability to listen to bad news?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,BAD NEWS & GOOD VIBES: Rational & Emotional Information in Complex New Product Development Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Adverse Effects of Online Product Recommendations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79958833863,,When Electronic Recommendation Agents Backfire,"Many websites provide electronic recommendation agents that ask users questions about individual factors and their preferences for product attributes, and then rate and rank order the available products. Previous research has hailed these agents as rescuing consumers from choice overload. However, we report the results of an experiment in which use of an electronic recommendation agent negatively impacted participants' choice satisfaction, attitudes, and purchase intentions over a period of between one and two weeks. The data support our hypothesis that use of an electronic recommendation agent leads consumers to overweight utilitarian product attributes and underweight hedonic product attributes in choice.",,Advances in Consumer Research,2009-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lajos, Joseph;Amitava Chattopadhyay, ;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Experience Trap-New research shows that experienced managers fail to learn in complex situations. That causes them to blow budgets, miss deadlines, and generate defective projects. Here's what your company can do to break the pattern.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85069299640,,Facilitating Exploratory Conversations: Here and Now,"The format of academic conferences has generally remained unchanged for decades. It has on the whole been taken for granted despite major advances in communication technologies. The panel's objective is to learn if and how computer-mediated conversations increase the audience's participation level and capability to offer, discuss, and refine exploratory comments that a speaker's paper might stimulate. To this end, we propose an experiential exercise in which the audience will use an internet-based wiki to support exploratory conversations while listening to Bob Zmud's lecture about 'Overcoming Cognitive Boundaries in Knowledge Sharing' and then discussing it. To manage the complexity and risk of the experiment, we will offer access to the wiki to the FIRST 20 registrants. (If interested, please email Dov.Teeni@case.edu.) Therefore, while the panel will be open to all ICIS conference participants, 20 of the participants will be engaged in the exploration via the internet and other participants are invited to participate orally in the face-to-face discussions.",Online learning | Wikis,ICIS 2007 Proceedings - Twenty Eighth International Conference on Information Systems,2007-01-01,Conference Paper,"Majchrzak, Ann;Wagner, Chris;Sengupta, Kishore;Zmud, Robert",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Modeling knowledge intensive processes,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Modeling knowledge intensive processes: concepts, methods, and applications",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85001818179,10.4018/irmj.2000010103,Integrated analysis and design of knowledge systems and processes,"Although knowledge management has been investigated in the context of decision support and expert systems for over a decade, interest in and attention to this topic have exploded recently. But integration of knowledge process design with knowledge system design is strangely missing from the knowledge management literature and practice. The research described in this chapter focuses on knowledge management and system design from three integrated perspectives: 1) reengineering process innovation, 2) expert systems knowledge acquisition and representation, and 3) information systems analysis and design. Through careful analysis and discussion, we integrate these three perspectives in a systematic manner, beginning with analysis and design of the enterprise process of interest, progressively moving into knowledge capture and formalization, and then system design and implementation. Thus, we develop an integrated approach that covers the gamut of design considerations from the enterprise process in the large, through alternative classes of knowledge in the middle, and on to specific systems in the detail. We show how this integrated methodology is more complete than existing developmental approaches and illustrate the use and utility of the approach through a specific enterprise example, which addresses many factors widely considered important in the knowledge management environment. Using the integrated methodology that we develop and illustrate in this article, the reader can see how to identify, select, compose and integrate the many component applications and technologies required for effective knowledge system and process design. © 2000, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),2000-01-01,Article,"Nissen, Mark;Kamel, Magdi;Sengupta, Kishore",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Development of a Prototype Relational Database System for Managing Fleet Battle Experiment Data,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Framework for Integrating Knowledge Process and System Design,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Use of Computer-based Experimental Microworlds in IS Research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING FOR COMMAND DECISIONS DURING FHŒ ON BOARD SHD? S,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An experimental investigation of the decision processes of software managers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Information Systems in Cultural Institutions: Lessons for Tomorrow's Business Organizations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Framework for Integrating Knowledge Process and,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Management Journal,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrating Judgment Research with Other Areas of Cognitive Psychology,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Research in Information Systems Excellence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Knowledge Management and Innovation Performance in the Context of Global High-Tech Firms,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"To be feasible, such scenarios require the redesign of infra-structure and applications. Wikis are currently ill suited for many of the scenarios mentioned above but could be adapted and augmented to play a role in future conferencing.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Luk Van Wassenhove (google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031277045,10.1016/S0377-2217(97)00230-0,Quantitative models for reverse logistics: A review,"This article surveys the recently emerged field of reverse logistics. The management of return flows induced by the various forms of reuse of products and materials in industrial production processes has received growing attention throughout this decade. Many authors have proposed quantitative models taking those changes in the logistics environment into account. However, no general framework has been suggested yet. Therefore the time seems right for a systematic overview of the issues arising in the context of reverse logistics. In this paper we subdivide the field into three main areas, namely distribution planning, inventory control, and production planning. For each of these we discuss the implications of the emerging reuse efforts, review the mathematical models proposed in the literature, and point out the areas in need of further research. Special attention is paid to differences and/or similarities with classical 'forward' logistics methods. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.",Logistics | Modelling | Product recovery | Survey,European Journal of Operational Research,1997-11-16,Article,"Fleischmann, Moritz;Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;Dekker, Rommert;Van Der Laan, Erwin;Van Nunen, Jo A.E.E.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Closed-loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84968082184,10.2307/41165792,Strategic issues in product recovery management,"This article examines strategic production and operations management issues in product recovery management (PRM). PRM encompasses the management of all used and discarded products, components, and materials for which a manufacturing company is legally, contractually, or otherwise responsible. The objective of PRM is to recover as much of the economic (and ecological) value of used and discarded products, components, and materials as reasonably possible, thereby reducing the ultimate quantities of waste to a minimum. This article also discusses the relevance of PRM to durable products manufacturers. It contains a categorization of PRM decisions. A case study based on the PRM system of a multinational copier manufacturer is presented to illustrate a set of specific production and operations management issues. The experiences of two other pro-active manufacturers (BMW and IBM) are also discussed. © 1995, The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.",,California Management Review,1995-01-01,Article,"Thierry, Martijn;Salomon, Marc;van Nunen, Jo;van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Sustainable operations management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33646706601,10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602125,Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear,"This paper builds on the idea that private sector logistics can and should be applied to improve the performance of disaster logistics but that before embarking on this the private sector needs to understand the core capabilities of humanitarian logistics. With this in mind, the paper walks us through the complexities of managing supply chains in humanitarian settings. It pinpoints the cross learning potential for both the humanitarian and private sectors in emergency relief operations. as well as possibilities of getting involved through corporate social responsibility. It also outlines strategies for better preparedness and the need for supply chains to be agile, adaptable and aligned - a core competency of many humanitarian organizations involved in disaster relief and an area which the private sector could draw on to improve their own competitive edge. Finally, the article states the case for closer collaboration between humanitarians, businesses and academics to achieve better and more effective supply chains to respond to the complexities of today's logistics be it the private sector or relieving the lives of those blighted by disaster. © 2006 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Emergency relief operations | Humanitarian logistics | Supply chain management,Journal of the Operational Research Society,2006-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR FORUM—The evolution of closed-loop supply chain research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040150526,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2001.tb00076.x,The impact of product recovery on logistics network design,"Efficient implementation of closed-loop supply chains requires setting up appropriate logistics structures for the arising flows of used and recovered products. In this paper we consider logistics network design in a reverse logistics context. We present a generic facility location model and discuss differences with traditional logistics settings. Moreover, we use our model to analyze the impact of product return flows on logistics networks. We show that the influence of product recovery is very much context dependent. While product recovery may efficiently be integrated in existing logistics structures in many cases, other examples require a more comprehensive approach redesigning a company's logistics network in an integral way.",Facility location | Network design | Product recovery | Reverse logistics | Supply chain management,Production and Operations Management,2001-01-01,Article,"Fleischmann, Moritz;Beullens, Patrick;Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33644518981,10.1287/mnsc.1050.0454,Reverse channel design: the case of competing retailers,"The economical and environmental benefits of product remanufacturing have been widely recognized in the literature and in practice. In this paper, we focus on the interaction between a manufacturer's reverse channel choice to collect postconsumer goods and the strategic product pricing decisions in the forward channel when retailing is competitive. To this end, we model a direct product collection system, in which the manufacturer collects used products directly from the consumers (e.g., print and copy cartridges) and an indirect product collection system, in which the retailers act as product return points (e.g., single-use cameras, cellular phones). We first examine how the allocation of product collection to retailers impacts their strategic behavior in the product market, and we discuss the economic trade-offs the manufacturer faces while choosing an optimal reverse channel structure. When a direct collection system is used, channel profits are driven by the impact of scale of returns on collection effort, whereas in the indirect reverse channel, supply chain profits are driven by the competitive interaction between the retailers. Subsequently, we show that the buy-back payments transfered to the retailers for postconsumer goods provide a wholesale pricing flexibility that can be used to price discriminate between retailers of different profitability. © 2006 INFORMS.",Distribution channels | Product remanufacturing | Reverse logistics | Supply chain coordination,Management Science,2006-01-01,Article,"Savaskan, R. Canan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038967774,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2001.tb00075.x,Managing product returns for remanufacturing,"Firms are often encouraged to offer environmentally friendly products as a demonstration of corporate citizenship. However, this may prove to be an unrealistic expectation since a rational firm will only engage in profitable ventures; those that increase shareholder wealth. We develop a framework for analyzing the profitability of reuse activities and show how the management of product returns influences operational requirements. We show that the acquisition of used products may be used as the control lever for the management and profitability of reuse activities. These activities, termed product acquisition management, affect several important business decisions. First, if a firm is to pursue reuse activities, these reuse activities must be value-creating. Second, if a firm is to compete by offering remanufactured products, then we show how product returns management influences the overall profitability of such activities via a trial and error EVA® approach. Third, we show how operational issues are strongly affected by the approach used to manage product returns. There is a need for future research specifying the mathematical relationship between acquisition price and the nominal quality of the returned product.",Economic value-analysis | Product acquisition management | Remanufacturing,Production and Operations Management,2001-01-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037448855,10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00550-7,The impact of ERP on supply chain management: Exploratory findings from a European Delphi study,"This article presents results from a Delphi study on the future impact of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems on supply chain management (SCM). The Delphi study was conducted with 23 Dutch supply chain executives of European multi-nationals. Findings from this exploratory study were threefold. First, our executives have identified the following key SCM issues for the coming years: (1) further integration of activities between suppliers and customers across the entire supply chain; (2) on-going changes in supply chain needs and required flexibility from IT; (3) more mass customization of products and services leading to increasing assortments while decreasing cycle times and inventories; (4) the locus of the driver's seat of the entire supply chain and (5) supply chains consisting of several independent enterprises. The second main finding is that the panel experts saw only a modest role for ERP in improving future supply chain effectiveness and a clear risk of ERP actually limiting progress in SCM. ERP was seen as offering a positive contribution to only four of the top 12 future supply chain issues: (1) more customization of products and services; (2) more standardized processes and information; (3) the need for worldwide IT systems; and (4) greater transparency of the marketplace. Implications for subsequent research and management practice are discussed. The following key limitations of current ERP systems in providing effective SCM support emerge as the third finding from this exploratory study: (1) their insufficient extended enterprise functionality in crossing organizational boundaries; (2) their inflexibility to ever-changing supply chain needs, (3) their lack of functionality beyond managing transactions, and (4) their closed and non-modular system architecture. These limitations stem from the fact that the first generation of ERP products has been designed to integrate the various operations of an individual firm. In modern SCM, however, the unit of analysis has become a network of organizations, rendering these ERP products inadequate in the new economy. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Delphi study | Enterprise resource planning systems | Supply chain management,European Journal of Operational Research,2003-04-16,Article,"Akkermans, Henk A.;Bogerd, Paul;Yücesan, Enver;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-25144508876,10.1287/mnsc.1050.0369,Market segmentation and product technology selection for remanufacturable products,"Remanufacturing is a production strategy whose goal is to recover the residual value of used products. Used products can be remanufactured at a lower cost than the initial production cost, but consumers value remanufactured products less than new products. The choice of production technology influences the value that can be recovered from a used product. In this paper, we solve the joint pricing and production technology selection problem faced by a manufacturer that considers introducing a remanufacturable product in a market that consists of heterogeneous consumers. Our analysis discusses the market and technology drivers of product remanufacturability and identifies some phenomena of managerial importance that are typical of a remanufacturing environment. © 2005 INFORMS.",Market segmentation | Product remanufacturing | Technology management,Management Science,2005-08-01,Article,"Debo, Laurens G.;Toktay, L. Beril;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0346433511,10.1287/msom.5.4.303.24883,Matching demand and supply to maximize profits from remanufacturing,"The profitability of remanufacturing depends on the quantity and quality of product returns and on the demand for remanufactured products. The quantity and quality of product returns can be influenced by varying quality-dependent acquisition prices, i.e., by using product acquisition management. Demand can be influenced by varying the selling price. We develop a simple framework for determining the optimal prices and the corresponding profitability. We motivate and illustrate our framework using an application from the cellular telephone industry.",Econometric Models | Product Acquisition | Remanufacturing,Manufacturing and Service Operations Management,2003-01-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Teunter, Ruud H.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-54349099641,10.1287/mnsc.1080.0893,Remanufacturing as a marketing strategy,"The profitability of remanufacturing systems for different cost, technology, and logistics structures has been extensively investigated in the literature. We provide an alternative and somewhat complementary approach that considers demand-related issues, such as the existence of green segments, original equipment manufacturer competition, and product life-cycle effects. The profitability of a remanufacturing system strongly depends on these issues as well as on their interactions. For a monopolist, we show that there exist thresholds on the remanufacturing cost savings, the green segment size, market growth rate, and consumer valuations for the remanufactured products, above which remanufacturing is profitable. More important, we show that under competition remanufacturing can become an effective marketing strategy, which allows the manufacturer to defend its market share via price discrimination. © 2008 INFORMS.",competition | price discrimination | product returns | remanufacturing,Management Science,2008-10-01,Article,"Atasu, Atalay;Sarvary, Miklos;Wassenhove, Luk N.Van",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1642347647,10.2307/41166207,Reverse supply chains for commercial returns,"The flow of product returns is becoming a significant concern for manufacturers. Typically, these returns have been viewed as a nuisance, resulting in reverse supply chains that are designed to minimize costs. These minimum cost reverse supply chains often do not consider product return speed. The longer it takes to retrieve a returned product, the lower the chances that there are financially attractive reuse options. Unlike forward supply chains, design strategies for reverse supply chains are unexplored and largely undocumented. The most influential product characteristic for reverse supply chain design is the marginal value of time. Responsive reverse supply chains are the appropriate choice when the marginal value of time for products is high, and efficient reverse supply chains are the proper choice when the marginal value of time for products is low. Product returns and their reverse supply chains represent a potential value stream and deserve as much attention as forward supply chains.",,California Management Review,2004-01-01,Review,"Blackburn, Joseph D.;Guide, V. Daniel R.;Souza, Gilvan C.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrating scheduling with batching and lot-sizing: a review of algorithms and complexity,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The challenge of closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3543069272,10.2307/41166757,Trade-offs? What trade-offs? Competence and competitiveness in manufacturing strategy,"Manufacturing strategy is increasingly recognized by academics as essential to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. It is important to distinguish clearly between internal competences and external measures of competitiveness; ensuring a proper link between the two is a critical factor for success. This article suggests that: competences don’t have to hurt each other; performance relative to the competition is what counts; each product has to meet some minimum requirements to have a chance of selling; and these requirements are continually becoming tougher. The article sketches a scenario where even superior manufacturing may no longer be a source of competitive advantage, but simply a ticket to the ball game. © 1993, The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.",,California Management Review,1993-01-01,Article,"Corbett, Charles;van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A multiplier adjustment method for the generalized assignment problem,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The reverse supply chain,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242364705,10.1080/0020754031000120087,Concurrent product and closed-loop supply chain design with an application to refrigerators,"Increased concern for the environment has lead to new techniques to design products and supply chains that are both economically and ecologically feasible. A literature study shows that many models exist to support product design and logistics separately. In our research, we develop quantitative modelling to support decision-making concerning both the design structure of a product, i.e. modularity, reparability and recyclability, and the design structure of the logistic network. Environmental impacts are measured by linear-energy and waste functions. Economic costs are modelled as linear functions of volumes with a fixed set-up component for facilities. This model is applied to a closed-loop supply chain design problem for refrigerators using real life R&D data of a Japanese consumer electronics company concerning its European operations. The model is run for different scenarios using different parameter settings such as centralized versus decentralized processing, alternative product designs, varying return quality and quantity, and potential environmental legislation based on producer responsibility.",,International Journal of Production Research,2003-11-10,Article,"Krikke, H.;Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032690281,10.1287/mnsc.45.5.733,Inventory control in hybrid systems with remanufacturing,"This paper is on production planning and inventory control in systems where manufacturing and remanufacturing operations occur simultaneously. Typical for these hybrid systems is, that both the output of the manufacturing process and the output of the remanufacturing process can be used to fulfill customer demands. Here, we consider a relatively simple hybrid system, related to a single component durable product. For this system, we present a methodology to analyse a PUSH control strategy (in which all returned products are remanufactured as early as possible) and a PULL control strategy (in which all returned products are remanufactured as late as is convenient). The main contributions of this paper are (i) to compare traditional systems without remanufacturing to PUSH and to PULL controlled systems with remanufacturing, and (ii) to derive managerial insights into the inventory related effects of remanufacturing.",,Management Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Van Der Laan, Erwin;Salomon, Marc;Dekker, Rommert;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748309117,10.1287/mnsc.1060.0522,Time value of commercial product returns,"Manufacturers and their distributors must cope with an increased flow of returned products from their customers. The value of commercial product returns, which we define as products returned for any reason within 90 days of sale, now exceeds $100 billion annually in the United States. Although the reverse supply chain of returned products represents a sizeable flow of potentially recoverable assets, only a relatively small fraction of the value is currently extracted by manufacturers; a large proportion of the product value erodes away because of long processing delays. Thus, there are significant opportunities to build competitive advantage from making the appropriate reverse supply chain design choices. In this paper, we present a network flow with delay models that includes the marginal value of time to identify the drivers of reverse supply chain design. We illustrate our approach with specific examples from two companies in different industries and then examine how industry clockspeed generally affects the choice between an efficient and a responsive returns network. © 2006 INFORMS.",Closed-loop supply chains | Commercial product returns | Queueing models | Reverse supply chain design | Time value,Management Science,2006-09-11,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Souza, Gilvan C.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Blackburn, Joseph D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026902144,10.1016/0377-2217(92)90077-M,A survey of algorithms for the generalized assignment problem,"This paper surveys algorithms for the well-known problem of finding the minimum cost assignment of jobs to agents so that each job is assigned exactly once and agents are not overloaded. All approaches seem to be based on branch-and-bound with bound supplied through heuristics and through relaxations of the primal problem formulation. From the survey one can select building blocks for the design of one's own tailor-made algorithm. The survey also reveals that although just about every mathematical programming technique was tried on this problem, there is still a lack of a representative set of test problems on which competing enumeration algorithms can be compared, as well as a shortage of effective heuristics. © 1992.",algorithms | assignment | mathematical | Programming,European Journal of Operational Research,1992-08-10,Article,"Cattrysse, Dirk G.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020205577,10.1016/0167-6377(82)90035-9,A decomposition algorithm for the single machine total tardiness problem,"The problem of sequencing jobs on a single machine to minimize total tardiness is considered. An algorithm, which decomposes the problem into subproblems which are then solved by dynamic programming when they are sufficiently small, is presented and is tested on problems with up to 100 jobs. © 1982.",decomposition | Scheduling | single machine | total tardiness,Operations Research Letters,1982-01-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026185832,10.1016/0377-2217(91)90130-N,Multilevel capacitated lotsizing complexity and LP-based heuristics,"This paper presents the first heuristics capable of solving multilevel lotsizing problems with capacity constraints on more than one level. Moreover, the form of the heuristics is quite general so that they can easily be extended to solve a variety of problems. If one wants to solve these problems on a routine basis in a real environment one needs to find fast and easy algorithms. However, we show that for certain problem classes this is a very difficult task, far more difficult than has been suggested in the literature. For problems with setup times we show that finding a feasible solution is NP-complete. Even without setup times testing for feasibility can be very difficult. Just how time consuming such heuristics must be is demonstrated. This leaves little chance to build fast and easy heuristics except for the most simple cases. Our exploration of the complexity issues points to mathematical programming as a potential source of heuristics for these problems. This paper presents a new and general approach based on rounding an LP solution for the problem without setup times. The methods use different information and patterns evident in the LP solution are explored. The approach is tested on a large set of problems. The main contributions of this paper are the way in which we distinguish between the easy and hard lotsizing problems, the LP-based heuristics and the test set of capacitated multilevel lotsizing problems. © 1991.",heuristics | linear programming | Production planning,European Journal of Operational Research,1991-07-25,Article,"Maes, Johan;McClain, John O.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033716420,10.1287/mnsc.46.5.597.12049,Behind the learning curve: Linking learning activities to waste reduction,"This exploratory research on a decade of Total Quality Management in one factory opens up the black box of the learning curve. Based on the organizational learning literature, we derive a quality learning curve that links different types of learning in quality improvement projects to the evolution of the factory's waste rate. Only 25% of the quality improvement projects-which acquired both know-why and know-how-accelerated waste reduction. The other 75% of the projects either impeded or did not affect waste reduction. In complex and dynamic production environments, locally acquired knowledge is difficult to disseminate. The combination of know-why and know-how facilities its dissemination.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Lapré, Michael A.;Mukherjee, Amit Shankar;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85160007743,10.6186/IJIMS.202209_33(3).0004,Partnerships to improve supply chains,"Information Technology (IT) and Sales Digitalization have become essential in numerous sectors in the recent age. This study aims to investigate the influence of Information Technology (IT) and Sales Skills (SS) on Business Performance (BP) in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with Supply Chain Partnership (SCP) as a mediating variable. The purposive sampling technique used included a sample size of 139 Batik textile Indonesian MSMEs. The Structural Equation Model was utilized for analysis and findings show that IT and SS do not affect BP when mediated by SCP, however, IT has a direct influence on BP. The findings support research related to IT role on BP but suggest that SCP has zero impact on BP. The generalization of the conclusions might be weak outside the MSME industry and developing countries. On the other hand, these findings support that MSMEs might increase their performance by adopting digital information technology.",Business Performance | Information Technology | MSMEs | Sales Skills | Supply Chain Partnerships,International Journal of Information and Management Sciences,2022-01-01,Article,"Qamari, Ika Nurul;Ngetich, Brian Kiprop;Antarini, Ullifah Suci",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029638698,10.1016/0377-2217(94)00294-M,Interactions between operational research and environmental management,"Economic growth is frequently considered to be in conflict with sustainable development and environmental quality. Therefore, a decision maker needs to know how to deal with the environmental issues that come around. This article aims to inform Operational Researchers of the possibilities of incorporating environmental issues when analyzing industrial supply chains and to inform environmental scientists more generally of the value of using OR models and techniques in environmental research. © 1995.",Environment | Modelling | Optimization | Pollution control | Supply chain,European Journal of Operational Research,1995-09-07,Review,"Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;van Beek, Paul;Hordijk, Leen;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Third party logistics services: a comparison of experienced American and European manufacturers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Humanitarian logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032208368,10.1287/mnsc.44.11.s35,Knowledge driven quality improvement,"Little is known about the processes that make TQM effective. Why are some quality improvement projects more effective than others? We argue that TQM processes affect the way people create new knowledge, which in turn determines organizational effectiveness. We explore this by studying 62 quality improvement projects undertaken in one factory over a decade. Using a factor analysis we identify three learning constructs that characterize the learning process: scope, conceptual learning, and operational learning. We use OLS regressions to study the impact of these learning constructs on project performance. Conceptual and operational learning are found to play a crucial role in achieving goals, creating new technological knowledge, and changing factory personnel's attention. Contrary to the common practice of relying on operational learning, we suggest the application of conceptual learning as well, particularly if the technology is poorly understood. It facilitates the codification of knowledge, which enhances its dissemination for both present and future use.",Learning by Experimentation | Organizational Learning | Quality | Technological Knowledge,Management Science,1998-01-01,Article,"Mukherjee, Amit Shankar;Lapré, Michael A.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44449177594,10.1007/s00170-007-1023-y,A branch and bound algorithm for the total weighted tardiness problem,"This paper presents the branch-and-bound algorithm for the single-machine total weighted tardiness problem. Among exact solution approaches, the branch-and-bound algorithm from Potts and Van Wassenhove solves problems of up to 40 jobs and the algorithm from Babu et al. for 50 jobs (not for all instances). We have taken advantage of the properties of permutation broken into blocks. These properties are much stronger than elimination criteria (Potts CN, Van Wassenhove LN, 1991. IIE Trans 23:346-354; Rinnoy Kan AGH, Lageweg BJ, Lenstra JK 1975 Minimizing total cost one-machine scheduling. Oper Res 26:908-972) applied so far and they allow us to eliminate many branches of the solution tree. Parallel implementation of the algorithm enables us to reduce computational time significantly and to solve larger problems. We have tested the algorithms on randomly generated instances (of up to 80 jobs) and benchmark instances taken from the OR-Library [4]. The solutions obtained have been compared with the results yielded by the best algorithms discussed in the literature. The results show that the proposed algorithm solves the problem instances with high accuracy in a very short time. © 2007 Springer-Verlag London Limited.",Branch & bound | Scheduling | Single machine,International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2008-06-01,Article,"Wodecki, Mieczysław",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025416939,10.1080/00207549008942754,Analysis of scheduling rules for an FMS,"We first discuss the characteristics of a general-purpose, user-oriented discrete event simulator for FMS. Then we briefly review the literature on scheduling rules for manufacturing systems. The performance of a number of dispatching rules is subsequently analysed using our modular simulator to mimic the operation of a real-life FMS. Results show that dispatching rules have a large impact on various system performance measures, such as average machine utilization. Considering the high investment costs of FMS it is certainly worthwhile to choose the best dispatching rule by use of simulation. This is especially true since modular and user-friendly simulators are now available so that the analysis can be performed quickly and at very moderate cost. © 1990 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of Production Research,1990-01-01,Article,"Montazeri, M.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Business aspects of closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847036372,10.1287/mnsc.1060.0600,The economics of remanufacturing under limited component durability and finite product life cycles,"This paper models and quantifies the cost-savings potential of production systems that collect, remanufacture, and remarket end-of-use products as perfect substitutes while facing the fundamental supply-loop constraints of limited component durability and finite product life cycles. The results demonstrate the need to carefully coordinate production cost structure, collection rate, product life cycle, and component durability to create or maximize production cost savings from remanufacturing. © 2007 INFORMS.",Durability | Economic model | Life cycle | Remanufacturing,Management Science,2007-01-01,Article,"Geyer, Roland;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Atasu, Atalay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0018924243,10.1016/0377-2217(80)90038-7,Solving a bicriterion scheduling problem,Consider n jobs to be sequenced on a single machine. The objective functions to be minimized are the holding cost and the maximum tardiness. We first characterize the set of efficient points and then proceed to give a pseudo-polynomial algorithm to enumerate all these efficient points. Computational results illustrate the usefulness of the procedure. © 1980.,,European Journal of Operational Research,1980-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, Luc N.;Gelders, Ludo F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000315146,10.1016/0166-218X(90)90103-J,A survey of algorithms for the single machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem,"This paper surveys algorithms for the problem of scheduling jobs on a single machine to minimize total weighted tardiness. Special attention is given to two dynamic programming and four branch and bound algorithms. The dynamic programming algorithms both use the same recursion defined on sets of jobs, but they generate the sets in lexicographic order and cardinality order respectively. Two of the branch and bound algorithms use the quickly computed but possibly rather weak lower bounds obtained from linear and exponential functions of completion times problems. These algorithms rely heavily on dominance rules to restrict the search. The other two branch and bound algorithms use lower bounds obtained from the Lagrangean relaxation of machine capacity constraints and from dynamic programming state-space relaxation. They invest a substantial amount of computation time at each node of the search tree in an attempt to generate tight lower bounds and thereby generate only small search trees. A computational comparison of all these algorithms on problems with up to 50 jobs is given. © 1990.",,Discrete Applied Mathematics,1990-01-01,Article,"Abdul-Razaq, T. S.;Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000655488,10.1287/opre.43.2.346,The two-stage assembly scheduling problem: complexity and approximation,"This paper introduces a new two-stage assembly scheduling problem. There are m machines at the first stage, each of which produces a component of a job. When all m components are available, a single assembly machine at the second stage completes the job. The objective is to schedule jobs on the machines so that the makespan is minimized. We show that the search for an optimal solution may be restricted to permutation schedules. The problem is proved to be NP-hard in the strong sense even when m = 2. A schedule associated with an arbitrary permutation of jobs is shown to provide a worst-case ratio bound of two, and a heuristic with a worst-case ratio bound of 2 - 1/m is presented. The compact vector summation technique is applied for iinding approximation solutions with worst-case absolute performance guarantees.",,Computers and Operations Research,1995-04-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Sevast'janov, S. V.;Strusevich, V. A.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.;Zwaneveld, C. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84912978525,10.1080/07408179108963868,Single machine tardiness sequencing heuristics,"This paper presents a collection of heuristics for the single machine total (weighted) tardiness problem. The methods considered range from simple quick and dirty heuristics to more sophisticated algorithms exploiting problem structure. These heuristics are compared to interchange and simulated annealing methods on a large set of test problems. For the total tardiness problem a heuristic based on decomposition performs very well, whereas for the total weighted tardiness problem simulated annealing appears to be a viable approach. Our computational results also indicate that straightforward interchange methods perform remarkably well. © 1991 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1991-01-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-54349086605,10.3401/poms.1080.0051,Product reuse economics in closed‐loop supply chain research,"This paper provides a critical review of analytic research on the business economics of product reuse inspired by industrial practice. Insights and critical assumptions are provided for each paper. We further classify the research into four streams: industrial engineering/operations research, design, strategy, and behavioral, and present a framework linking these streams. We find that some modeling assumptions risk being institutionalized, and suggest a renewed exploration of industrial practice. Future research should also include empirical work on consumer behavior, product diffusion, and valuation of returns. © 2008 Production and Operations Management Society.",Closed-loop supply chains | Remanufacturing | Reuse economics | Reverse logistics,Production and Operations Management,2008-09-01,Article,"Atasu, Atalay;Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974870384,10.1057/jors.1988.169,Multi-item single-level capacitated dynamic lot-sizing heuristics: A general review,"The multi-item single-level capacitated lot-sizing problem consists of scheduling N different items over a horizon of T periods. The objective is to minimize the sum of set-up and inventory-holding costs over the horizon, subject to a capacity restriction in each period. Different heuristic approaches have been suggested to solve this difficult mathematical problem. So far, only a few limited attempts have been made to analyse and compare these approaches. The paper can be divided into two main parts. The first part shows that current heuristics can be classified in two different categories: single-resource heuristics, which are special-purpose methods, and mathematical-programming-based heuristics, which can usually deal with more general problem environments. The second part is devoted to an extensive computational review. The general idea is to find relationships between the performance of the heuristic and the computational burden involved in finding the solution. Based on these computational results, suggestions can be given with respect to the usefulness of the various heuristics in different industrial settings. © 1988 Operational Research Society Ltd.",Heuristics | Inventory | Production,Journal of the Operational Research Society,1988-01-01,Article,"Maes, Johan;Wassenhove, Luk Van",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028769381,10.1016/0377-2217(94)90072-8,Batching decisions: structure and models,"Batching decisions are one of management's instruments to impact performance of goods-flow systems. There is a vast body of literature on analysis and modeling of batching. This paper aims to provide a structure for batching decisions that can help in positioning batching research and models with respect to issues pertinent to goods-flow management. The basis of the structure is a distinction of batching issues as related to three decision levels: (i) process choice/design, (ii) activity planning (aggregate planning and activity programming), and (iii) activity control. Furthermore, the paper discusses some often heard criticisms of batching analysis. The paper concludes with a little speculation of the authors on the future directions of batching research. © 1994.",Batching and lotsizing | Decision making | Modeling | Planning and control,European Journal of Operational Research,1994-06-09,Article,"Kuik, Roelof;Salomon, Marc;van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Efficient Take‐Back Legislation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Deterministic lotsizing models for production planning,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015409743,10.1111/j.1475-3995.2009.00697.x,From preparedness to partnerships: case study research on humanitarian logistics,"Disasters are on the rise, more complex, and donor support is increasingly unpredictable. In response to this trend humanitarian agencies are looking for more efficient and effective solutions. This paper discusses the evolution of supply chain management in disaster relief and the role of new players like the private sector. It is based on research conducted by the Humanitarian Research Group at INSEAD. © 2009 International Federation of Operational Research Societies.",Disaster relief | Humanitarian supply chain | Public private partnerships | Uncertainty,International Transactions in Operational Research,2009-01-01,Article,"Tomasini, Rolando M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035494016,10.1287/mnsc.47.10.1311.10264,Creating and transferring knowledge for productivity improvement in factories,Can a firm accelerate its learning curve if knowledge about the production function is incomplete? This article identifies a production line specifically set up to create technological knowledge about its production function through scientific experimentation (formal learning) as opposed to learning by doing. The organizational structure of this line was very successful in creating technological knowledge. Formal learning resulted in huge productivity improvements. Replication of this organizational structure on three production lines in other plants within the same firm fell short of expectations. Formal learning did not result in similar productivity improvements. Our research suggests two factors that may facilitate creation and transfer of technological knowledge: management buy-in and knowledge diversity to solve interdepartmental problems.,Formal Learning | Knowledge Transfer | Learning by Doing | Learning Curve | Replication | Technological Knowledge | Total Factor Productivity,Management Science,2001-01-01,Article,"Lapré, Michael A.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001313920,10.1109/32.553636,Improving speed and productivity of software development: a global survey of software developers,"Time is an essential measure of performance in software development because time delays tend to fall directly to the bottom line. To address this issue, this research seeks to distinguish time-based software development practices: those managerial actions that result in faster development speed and higher productivity. This study is based upon a survey of software management practices in Western Europe and builds upon an earlier study we carried out in the United States and Japan. We measure the extent to which managers in the United States, Japan, and Europe differ in their management of software projects and also determine the tools, technology, and practices that separate fast and slow developers in Western Europe. ©1996 IEEE.",And the united states | Empirical research | Europe | Global performance comparisons | Japan | Management factors | Software development | Software engineering | Software speed and productivity,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1996-12-01,Article,"Blackburn, Joseph D.;Scudder, Gary D.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001234583,10.1287/ijoc.10.3.341,Local search heuristics for the single machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem,"This paper presents several local search heuristics for the problem of scheduling a single machine to minimize total weighted tardiness. We introduce a new binary encoding scheme to represent solutions, together with a heuristic to decode the binary representations into actual sequences. This binary encoding scheme is compared to the usual ""natural"" permutation representation for descent, simulated annealing, threshold accepting, tabu search and genetic algorithms on a large set of test problems. Computational results indicate that all of the heuristics which employ our binary encoding are very robust in that they consistently produce good quality solutions, especially when multistart implementations are used instead of a single long run. The binary encoding is also used in a new genetic algorithm which performs very well and requires comparatively little computation time. A comparison of neighborhood search methods which use the permutation and binary representations shows that the permutation-based methods have a higher likelihood of generating an optimal solution, but are less robust in that some poor solutions are obtained. Of the neighborhood search methods, tabu search clearly dominates the others. Multistart descent performs remarkably well relative to simulated annealing and threshold accepting. © 1998 INFORMS.",Deterministic single machine | Heuristic | Local search | Production scheduling | Sequencing | Single machine,INFORMS Journal on Computing,1998-01-01,Article,"Crauwels, H. A.J.;Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020177273,10.1016/S0377-2217(82)80008-8,A bicriterion approach to time/cost trade-offs in sequencing,"This paper discusses a bieriterion approach to sequencing with time/cost trade-offs. This approach, which produces an efficient frontier of possible schedules, has the advantage that it does not require the sequencing criteria to be measurable in the same units as the resource allocation cost. The basic single-machine model is used to treat a class of problems in which the sequencing objective is to minimize the maximum completion penalty. It is further assumed that resource allocation costs can be represented by a linear time/cost function. © 1982 North-Holland.",,European Journal of Operational Research,1982-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Baker, Kenneth R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867235605,10.1016/j.jom.2012.08.003,On the unique features of post-disaster humanitarian logistics,"Logistic activity can be thought of as a socio-technical process whereby a social network of individuals orchestrates a series of technical activities using supporting systems such as transportation and communications. To understand the functioning of the entire system requires proper consideration of all its components. We identify seven key components: the objectives being pursued, the origin of the commodity flows to be transported, knowledge of demand, the decision-making structure, periodicity and volume of logistic activities, and the state of the social networks and supporting systems. Based on our analysis of the differences between commercial and humanitarian logistics, we pinpoint research gaps that need to be filled to enhance both the efficiency of humanitarian logistics and the realism of the mathematical models designed to support it. We argue that humanitarian logistics is too broad a field to fit neatly into a single definition of operational conditions. At one end of the spectrum we find humanitarian logistic efforts of the kind conducted in long-term disaster recovery and humanitarian assistance, where operational efficiency - akin to commercial logistics - is a prime consideration. At the other, post-disaster humanitarian logistic operations involved in disaster response and short-term recovery activities represent a vastly different operational environment, often in chaotic settings where urgent needs, life-or-death decisions and scarce resources are the norm. The huge contrast between these operational environments requires that they be treated separately. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Catastrophes | Commercial logistics | Deprivation costs | Humanitarian logistics | Material convergence | Natural disaster,Journal of Operations Management,2012-11-01,Article,"Holguín-Veras, José;Jaller, Miguel;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Pérez, Noel;Wachtendorf, Tricia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022230531,10.1080/07408178508975308,Lagrangean relaxation for the multi-item capacitated lot-sizing problem: A heuristic implementation,"The multi-item capacitated lot-sizing problem consists of determining the magnitude and the timing of some operations of durable results for several items in a finite number of processing periods so as to satisfy a known demand in each period. The subgradient algorithm implemented to minimize the processing costs is based on a Lagrangean relaxation of the capacity constraints imposed on the resources. The method incorporates a primal partitioning scheme — with a network flow subproblem — to obtain good feasible solutions. © 1985 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1985-01-01,Article,"Thizy, J. M.;van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846587105,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2006.tb00159.x,Joint life‐cycle dynamics of new and remanufactured products,"Many products considered for remanufacturing are durables that exhibit a well-pronounced product life cycle-they diffuse gradually through the market. The remanufactured product, which is a cheaper substitute for the new product, is often put on the market during the life cycle of the new product and affects its sales dynamics. In this paper, we study the integrated dynamic management of a portfolio of new and remanufactured products that progressively penetrate a potential market over the product life cycle. To this end, we extend the Bass diffusion model in a way that maintains the two essential features of remanufacturing settings: (a) substitution between new and remanufactured products, and (b) a constraint on the diffusion of remanufactured products due to the limited supply of used products that can be remanufactured. We identify characteristics of the diffusion paths of new and remanufactured products. Finally, we analyze the impact of levers such as remanufacturability level, capacity profile and reverse channel speed on profitability. © 2006 Production and Operations Management Society.",Closed-loop supply chains | Product diffusion | Remanufacturing,Production and Operations Management,2006-01-01,Article,"Debo, Laurens G.;Toktay, L. Beril;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000786473,10.1109/32.544349,"Software development productivity of European space, military, and industrial applications","The identification, combination, and interaction of the many factors which influence software development productivity makes the measurement, estimation, comparison and tracking of productivity rates very difficult. Through the analysis of a European Space Agency database consisting of 99 software development projects from 37 companies in 8 European countries, this paper seeks to provide significant and useful information about the major factors which influence the productivity of European space, military, and industrial applications, as well as to determine the best metric for measuring the productivity of these projects. Several key findings emerge from the study. The results indicate that some organizations are obtaining significantly higher productivity than others. Some of this variation is due to the differences in the application category and programming language of projects in each company; however, some differences must also be due to the ways in which these companies manage their software development projects. The use of tools and modern programming practices were found to be major controllable factors in productivity improvement. Finally, the lines-of-code productivity metric is shown to be superior to the process productivity metric for projects in our database. © 1996 IEEE.",And industrial software projects | Empirical study of software projects | European software projects | Military | Software effort estimation | Software productivity | Space,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1996-12-01,Article,"Maxwell, Katrina D.;Van Wassenhove, Luk;Dutta, Soumitra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78349292164,10.1108/09600031011079355,A model to define and assess the agility of supply chains: building on humanitarian experience,"Purpose: By constantly working in environments with high degree of uncertainty, humanitarian organizations end up becoming specialists in the implementation of agile systems. Their counterparts in profit-making organizations have a lot to learn from them in this domain. Volatility of demand, imbalance between supply and demand and disruptions are all factors that affect commercial supply chains and call for a high level of agility. The aims of this paper are twofold: first, to clearly define the concept of supply chain agility, and second, to build a model for assessing the level of agility of a supply chain. Design/methodology/approach: Three approaches are used in this research: literature review, case study and symbolic modeling. Findings: The paper developed first, a framework for defining supply chain agility and second, a model for assessing and improving the capabilities of humanitarian and commercial supply chains in terms of agility, based on an analysis of humanitarian approaches. Research limitations/implications: The model has been developed thanks to inputs from humanitarian practitioners and feedbacks from academics. The practical application to various humanitarian relief operations and commercial supply chains is yet to be done. Originality/value: This paper contributes significantly to clarifying the notion of supply chain agility. It also provides a consistent, robust and reproducible method of assessing supply chain agility, which seems appropriate for both humanitarian and business sectors. Finally, it is complementary to existant research on humanitarian logistics. It shows that though humanitarian professionals have a lot to learn from the private sector, the reverse is also true. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Aid agencies | Flexible organizations | Modelling | Supply chain management,International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,2010-09-01,Article,"Charles, Aurelie;Lauras, Matthieu;van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032689501,10.1287/mnsc.45.5.768,Some extensions of the discrete lotsizing and scheduling problem,"An account of complexity analysis is given in the context of lotsizing and scheduling problems. Three important topics are covered including the rapid growth of research on problems that combine lotsizing and scheduling, the potential of such problems for requiring much less information to represent an instance, and the evidence that the literature is unclear on this point.",,Management Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Webster, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745728807,10.5465/AMR.2006.21318928,Constructive partnerships: When alliances between private firms and public actors can enable creative strategies,"Drawing on transaction cost economics and externalities theory, we argue that private-public partnerships will be necessary when economic opportunity realization (1) calls for industry-specific competencies but entails significant positive externalities (i.e., implies specialized private actions with significant public benefits). (2) is shrouded by high uncertainty for the private actors, and (3) necessitates for private actors high governance costs for contracting, coordinating, and enforcing. Thus, specialized resources, positive externalities, uncertainty, and governance costs are all jointly implicated in our theory. © Academy of Management Review.",,Academy of Management Review,2006-01-01,Review,"Rangan, Subramanian;Samii, Ramina;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846291752,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2006.tb00249.x,Closed‐Loop Supply Chains: An Introduction to the Feature Issue (Part 1),"Closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) have product returns at the center of attention. Our view is that CLSC are best managed from a business perspective where organizations seek to maximize value recovery. The research in the feature issue, and our experiences, shows that there are still numerous, unresolved, managerially relevant issues that deserve further investigation. We also observe that there is a pressing need to validate the assumptions in our models using interdisciplinary, industry-driven research. The time is right for production and operations management to play a central role in the sustainability movement slowly taking hold in practice. © 2006 Production and Operations Management Society.",Closed-loop supply chains | Sustainable operations,Production and Operations Management,2006-01-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The natural drift: What happened to operations research?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77950309286,10.1525/cmr.2010.52.2.56,So what if remanufacturing cannibalizes my new product sales?,"Remanufactured Product do not always cannibalize new product sales. To minimize cannibalization and create additional profits, managers need to understand how consumers value remanufaaured Product. This is not a static decision and should be re-evaluated over the entire product life cycle. While managers have a responsibility to maximize profits for the firm, this is not necessarily equivalent to maximizing new product sales. A portfolio that includes remanufactured Product can enable firms to reach additional market segments and help block competition from new low-end Product or third-party remanufacturers.",,California Management Review,2010-01-01,Article,"Atasu, Atalay;Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863616593,10.1111/j.1475-3995.2011.00792.x,Using OR to adapt supply chain management best practices to humanitarian logistics,"The demand for humanitarian aid is extraordinarily large and it is increasing. In contrast, the funding for humanitarian operations does not seem to be increasing at the same rate. Humanitarian logistics has the challenge of allocating scarce resources to complex operations in an efficient way. After acquiring sufficient contextual knowledge, academics can use operations research (OR) to adapt successful supply chain management best practices to humanitarian logistics. We present two cases of OR applications to field vehicle fleet management in humanitarian operations. Our research shows that by using OR to adapt supply chain best practices to humanitarian logistics, significant improvements can be achieved. © 2010 The Authors. International Transactions in Operational Research. © 2010 International Federation of Operational Research Societies.",Humanitarian logistics | Incentives in supply chain management | Operations research in emerging markets,International Transactions in Operational Research,2012-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Pedraza Martinez, Alfonso J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A dual ascent and column generation heuristic for the discrete lotsizing and scheduling problem with setup times,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77955717884,10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.01.003,The Yogyakarta earthquake: Humanitarian relief through IFRC's decentralized supply chain,"Humanitarian operations rely heavily on logistics in uncertain, risky, and urgent contexts, making them a very different field of application for supply chain management principles than that of traditional businesses. We illustrate how optimal supply chains can be designed and implemented within this sector via a study of the process through which the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) decentralized its supply chain. We examine how the process was implemented through a 10-year retrospective of the organization's evolution. We then evaluate the decentralized supply chain's performance in responding to humanitarian crises through an analysis of the IFRC's operations during the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006. This was the first operation to benefit from the support of Regional Logistics Units (RLUs), the core element of the IFRC's new decentralized supply chain for disaster relief. Our analysis demonstrates the benefits of the decentralized model in humanitarian operations. We find that its implementation requires an alignment between organizational readiness and the adoption of fundamental logistics components, namely standardized tools and processes, traceability through adapted information systems, and appropriate competencies within the organization. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Decentralized supply chain | Humanitarian aid | Regional Logistics Units | Relief operations | Yogyakarta earthquake,International Journal of Production Economics,2010-07-01,Article,"Gatignon, Aline;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Charles, Aurélie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030527319,10.1016/S0305-0483(96)00026-6,An environmental life cycle optimization model for the European pulp and paper industry,"Will paper recycling reduce the environmental impact of the European pulp and paper sector? If so, is maximal paper recycling the best policy to optimize the life cycle of the pulp and paper sector? We explore these questions using an approach that combines materials accounting methods and optimization techniques. Environmental impact data are inputs for a linear programming network flow model to find optimal configurations for the sector. These configurations consist of a mix of different pulping technologies, a geographical distribution of pulp and paper production, and a level of recycling consistent with the lowest environmental impacts. We use the model to analyse scenarios with different recycling strategies. Recycling offers a reduction in environmental impact in regions with a high population and a large production of paper and board products. Regions with a large production of graphic products should focus on cleaner virgin pulp production with energy recovery. We conclude that relocation of paper production also offers a reduction in environmental impact. However, the severe effects on the economy make this policy less attractive than a combination of recycling, cleaner pulp production and energy recovery. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.",Environmental policy | Life cycle | Optimization | Pulp and paper | Recycling,Omega,1996-01-01,Article,"Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J. M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Gabel, H. L.;Weaver, P. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885178287,10.1016/j.jom.2013.06.002,On the appropriate objective function for post-disaster humanitarian logistics models,"The paper argues that welfare economic principles must be incorporated in post-disaster humanitarian logistic models to ensure delivery strategies that lead to the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The paper's analyses suggest the use of social costs-the summation of logistic and deprivation costs-as the preferred objective function for post-disaster humanitarian logistic models. The paper defines deprivation cost as the economic valuation of the human suffering associated with a lack of access to a good or service. The use of deprivation costs is evaluated with a review of the philosophy and the economic literature to identify proper foundations for their estimation; a comparison of different proxy approaches to consider human suffering (e.g., minimization of penalties or weight factors, penalties for late deliveries, equity constraints, unmet demands) and their implications; and an analysis of the impacts of errors in estimation. In its final sections, the paper conducts numerical experiments to illustrate the comparative impacts of using the proxy approaches suggested in the literature, and concludes with a discussion of key findings. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Deprivation cost | Human suffering | Humanitarian logistics | Optimization,Journal of Operations Management,2013-01-01,Article,"Holguín-Veras, José;Pérez, Noel;Jaller, Miguel;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Aros-Vera, Felipe",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-30744447232,10.1287/inte.1050.0145,Hewlett-Packard company unlocks the value potential from time-sensitive returns,"Hewlett-Packard (HP) and other companies producing short life-cycle products with rapid value erosion squander the opportunity to profit from returned time-sensitive products when they treat them as a nuisance. Instead of focusing on cost minimization and technical quality, they should recognize returns as a value stream and maximize the revenue from smart and fast disposition, proper refurbishment, and prompt resale through the appropriate channels. We worked on a project with Hewlett-Packard's remarketing group to unlock the value potential of time-sensitive returns. We analyzed data using simple calculations to reveal the major drivers and magnitude of potential value recovery, and we used simple operations research flow models to evaluate new design and policy options for the reverse supply chain. HP benefited from an integrated end-to-end business approach to product returns. © 2005 INFORMS.","Industries: computer, electronic | Inventory/production: perishable, aging items",Interfaces,2005-07-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Muyldermans, Luc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859705653,10.1016/j.jom.2012.01.001,The link between supply chain and financial performance,"The bottom-line financial impact of supply chain management has been of continuing interest. Building on the operations strategy literature, Fisher's (1997) conceptual framework, a survey of 259 U.S. and European manufacturing firms, and secondary financial data, we investigate the relationship between supply chain fit (i.e., strategic consistencies between the products' supply and demand uncertainty and the underlying supply chain design) and the financial performance of the firm. The findings indicate that the higher the supply chain fit, the higher the Return on Assets (ROA) of the firm, and that firms with a negative misfit show a lower performance than firms with a positive misfit. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Empirical analysis | Firm performance | Operations strategy | Supply chain fit | Supply chain management,Journal of Operations Management,2012-05-01,Article,"Wagner, Stephan M.;Grosse-Ruyken, Pan Theo;Erhun, Feryal",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027348258,10.1080/07408179308964266,"Linear programming, simulated annealing and tabu search heuristics for lotsizing in bottleneck assembly systems","Multilevel lotsizing is one of the most challenging subjects in production planning, especially in the presence of capacity constraints. In this paper we investigate lotsizing heuristics for assembly production systems with a bottleneck. More specifically, we discuss heuristics based on Linear Programming (LP), and compare the performance of these heuristics with the performance of approaches based on simulated annealing and tabu search techniques.A comparison of the three heuristics on a set of test problems shows that simulated annealing and tabu search perform well compared to pure LP-based heuristics, but the effectiveness of the latter heuristics can be improved by combining them with elements from simulated annealing and tabu search. © 1993 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1993-01-01,Article,"Kuik, Roelof;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Maes, Johan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A review of FMS planning models,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Production planning: a review,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001532011,10.1016/S0377-2217(96)00020-3,Solving the discrete lotsizing and scheduling problem with sequence dependent set-up costs and set-up times using the travelling salesman problem with time windows,"In this paper we consider the Discrete Lotsizing and Scheduling Problem with sequence dependent set-up costs and set-up times (DLSPSD). DLSPSD contains elements from lotsizing and from job scheduling, and is known to be NP-Hard. An exact solution procedure for DLSPSD is developed, based on a transformation of DLSPSD into a Travelling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (TSPTW). TSPTW is solved by a novel dynamic programming approach due to Dumas et al. (1993). The results of a computational study show that the algorithm is the first one capable of solving DLSPSD problems of moderate size to optimality with a reasonable computational effort. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.",Dynamic programming | Lotsizing | Sequencing | Travelling salesman problem with time windows,European Journal of Operational Research,1997-08-01,Article,"Salomon, Marc;Solomon, Marius M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Dumas, Yvan;Dauzère-Pérès, Stephane",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing risk in global supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10444276610,10.1016/j.ejor.2004.01.013,The effect of remanufacturing on procurement decisions for resellers in secondary markets,"The role of remanufacturing as a competitive tool for firms has been reflected in a number of studies to show that remanufacturing can reduce the unit cost of production by reusing components. However, the fact that remanufacturing can be used as a strategic tool for serving secondary markets as well has not been acknowledged in the literature. In this paper, we study the use of remanufacturing as a tool to serve secondary markets. Specifically, we model the case of a reseller who procures used products based on an older generation of technology from an advanced market and then uses one of two options: (a) she can either resell a small fraction of these used products in a developing market where the technology is acceptable, or (b) she can invest in the remanufacturing of these products and then sell them in the developing market at a higher price. The main result of the paper is that using remanufacturing to serve secondary markets reduces the number of units procured from the advanced market for the reseller. In addition, we show based on certain cost structures that the reseller is always better off if she uses remanufacturing to a certain extent. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Inventory/production | Multiproduct | Newsvendor problem | Product acquisition management | Remanufacturing | Stochastic | Substitution,European Journal of Operational Research,2005-06-16,Article,"Robotis, Andreas;Bhattacharya, Shantanu;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955060262,10.1016/j.jom.2010.11.013,Field vehicle fleet management in humanitarian operations: a case-based approach,"Transportation is the second largest overhead cost to humanitarian organizations after personnel. Academic knowledge about fleet management in humanitarian operations is scarce. Using a multiple case research design we study Field Vehicle Fleet Management (Field VFM) in four large International Humanitarian Organizations (IHO): the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the World Food Program and World Vision International. Our field research includes more than 40 interviews at headquarters, regional and national level in Africa, the Middle East and Europe. The paper answers three research questions: (1) How do IHO manage their field vehicle fleets? (2) What are the critical factors affecting IHO Field VFM? (3) How does Field VFM affect in-country program delivery? The contribution of this research is twofold. First, it helps to fill the existing gap in the humanitarian literature regarding Field VFM. Second, it expands the fleet management literature to a new and virtually unexplored area. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Case-based | Humanitarian | Supply chain | Transportation,Journal of Operations Management,2011-07-01,Article,"Pedraza Martinez, Alfonso J.;Stapleton, Orla;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030143376,10.1109/17.509983,Concurrent software engineering: Prospects and pitfalls,"Software development remains largely a sequential, time-consuming process. Concurrent engineering (CE) principles have been more widely adopted and with greater success in hardware development. In this paper a methodology for marrying CE principles to software engineering, or concurrent software engineering (CSE), is proposed. CSE is denned as a management technique to reduce the time-to-market in product development through simultaneous performance of activities and processing of information. A hierarchy of concurrent software development activity is defined, ranging from the simplest (within stage) to the most complex (across products and platforms). The information support activities to support this activity hierarchy are also denned, along with two key linking concepts-synchronicity and architectural modularity. Principles of CSE are developed for each level in the activity hierarchy. Research Undings that establish limitations to implementing CE are also discussed. © 1996 IEEE.",,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1996-12-01,Article,"Blackburn, Joseph D.;Hoedemaker, Geert;Luk, N.;Van Wassenhove, ",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Cost increases due to demand uncertainty in MRP lot sizing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036075195,10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00015-3,An innovative public–private partnership: new approach to development,"This paper is focused on the development of new services by nonprofit organizations for groups of companies within a particular sector in industry. It is based on a case study of an actual implementation by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in collaboration with a number of other organizations to upgrade the capabilities of automotive component suppliers in India, to enable them to supply to world-class manufacturers. We draw upon the traditional literature available on new product and service development for firms introducing new products and services for maximizing profit, and contrast those approaches with the approach adopted by nonprofit organizations. We also carry out a comparative analysis between UNIDO's partnership model and the traditional model to highlight the innovation aspects and advantages of the former from the developmental perspective. An attempt is also made to illustrate the pre-formation, formation and post-formation challenges faced by the new cooperation model that envisages the participation of public and private partners. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Asia | Automotive components industry | Development model | India | Multidisciplinary public-private partnership | Nonprofit organizations,World Development,2002-01-01,Article,"Samii, Ramina;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Bhattacharya, Shantanu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036170733,10.1016/S0263-2373(01)00114-1,An integrated framework for managing change in the new competitive landscape,"The pace of change experienced by modern businesses is phenomenal. Business today have to abandon many of the principles that have guided generations of managers, and develop a new set of objectives and rules that will enable them to successfully manage change and guide them to transform into 21st century corporations. Extensive work has been done recently to develop models and frameworks for addressing a variety of the issues associated with organisational change. This paper integrates and advances some of the models and concepts in an effort to develop an allencompassing framework to guide managerial action. Using Scott-Morton's framework as a point of departure and integrating the key management imperatives and change-enablers of the new competitive landscape, the paper develops an integrative model of organisational change encompassing all parts of the organisation (i.e. strategy, structure, processes and human capital), that seeks to offer managers guidance as to the fundamental factors that need to be considered when planning and implementing change initiatives. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.",Change | Competitive landscape | Innovation | Management objectives | Organisational change | Strategy,European Management Journal,2002-02-21,Article,"Prastacos, Gregory;Söderquist, Klas;Spanos, Yiannis;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21344497929,10.2307/41165737,The green fee: internalizing and operationalizing environmental issues,"Two of the major challenges facing business with respect to environmental issues are internalization and operationalization. Appropriate internalization is needed to ensure that the company’s responses to environmental issues are consistent with its responses to other issues and with its long-term goals. For each environmental issue, different levels of response are possible. This article suggests a framework that can assist managers in structuring these responses. To be effective, environmental intentions need to be operationalized—i. e., integrated into a firm's daily operations. The operationalization of environmental programs can be facilitated by exploring and exploiting analogies with existing and proven programs already in place in many firms. © 1993, The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.",,California Management Review,1993-01-01,Article,"Corbett, Charles J.;van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028766161,10.1016/0377-2217(94)90338-7,A set partitioning heuristic for the generalized assignment problem,"This paper discusses a heuristic for the generalized assignment problem (GAP). The objective of GAP is to minimize the costs of assigning J jobs to M capacity constrained machines, such that each job is assigned to exactly one machine. The problem is known to be NP-Hard, and it is hard from a computational point of view as well. The heuristic proposed here is based on column generation techniques, and yields both upper and lower bounds. On a set of relatively hard test problems the heuristic is able to find solutions that are on average within 0.13% from optimality. © 1994.",Column generation | Dual ascent | Generalized assignment problem | Set partitioning,European Journal of Operational Research,1994-01-06,Article,"Cattrysse, Dirk G.;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022697657,10.1016/0167-6377(86)90027-1,A simple heuristic for the multi item single level capacitated lotsizing problem,"This paper presents a fast and flexible heuristic for the multi item capacitated lotsizing problem. The lotsizing step requires only O(NT) computations which is at least an order of magnitude faster than other well-known heuristics. The method is flexible since it allows the user to specify features such as how to sort items, which criterion to use in combining lots and how to search the demand matrix. Extensive computational results show that the new method outperforms existing heuristics both in terms of average solution quality and required computation times. © 1986.",capacity | production smoothing | production/inventory,Operations Research Letters,1986-01-01,Letter,"Maes, Johan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022099922,10.1080/00207548508904750,A microcomputer-based optimization model for the design of automated warehouses,"Automated high-rise storage systems are very expensive investments. Once installed, the technical characteristics are difficult to modify. Therefore a formalised decision model should be available in the design process. This paper describes such a model which allows the determination of the major design characteristics of the warehouse, The objective of the model is to minimise investment and operating costs over the project lifetime. © 1985 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of Production Research,1985-01-01,Article,"Asha Yeri, J.;Gelders, L.;Van Wassenhove, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032664427,10.1287/mnsc.45.6.787,Performance evaluation of general and company specific models in software development effort estimation,"In this paper we present the results of our effort estimation analysis of a European Space Agency database consisting of 108 software development projects. We develop and evaluate simple empirical effort estimation models that include only those productivity factors found to be significant for these projects and determine if models based on a multicompany database can be successfully used to make effort estimations within a specific company. This was accomplished by developing company specific effort estimation models based on the significant productivity factors of a particular company and by comparing the results with those from general ESA models on a holdout sample of the company. To our knowledge, no other published research has yet developed and analysed software development effort estimation models in this way. Effort predictions made on a holdout sample of the individual company's projects using general models were less accurate than the company specific model. However, it is likely that in the absence of enough resources and data for a company to develop its own model, the application of general models may be more accurate than the use of guessing and intuition.",,Management Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Maxwell, Katrina;Van Wassenhove, Luk;Dutta, Soumitra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78149288719,10.1287/msom.1100.0294,Do random errors explain newsvendor behavior?,"Previous experimental work showed that newsvendors tend to order closer to mean demand than prescribed by the normative critical fractile solution. A recently proposed explanation for this mean ordering behavior assumes that the decision maker commits random choice errors, and predicts the mean ordering pattern because there is more room to err toward mean demand than away from it. Do newsvendors exhibit mean ordering simply because they make random errors? We subject this hypothesis to anempirical test that rests onthe fact that the random error explanation is insensitive to context. Our results strongly support the existence of contextsensitive decision strategies that rely directly on (biased) order-to-demand mappings, such as mean demand anchoring, demand chasing, and inventory error minimization. © 2010 INFORMS.",Heuristics | Newsvendor model | Random choice | Task context,Manufacturing and Service Operations Management,2010-09-01,Article,"Kremer, Mirko;Minner, Stefan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024048235,10.1287/mnsc.34.7.843,Algorithms for scheduling a single machine to minimize the weighted number of late jobs,"This paper considers the problem of scheduling n jobs, each having a processing time, a due date and a weight, on a single machine to minimize the weighted number of late jobs. An O(n log n) algorithm is given for solving the linear programming problem obtained by relaxing the integrality constraints in a zero-one programming formulation of the problem. This linear programming lower bound is used in a reduction algorithm that eliminates jobs from the problem. Also, a branch and bound algorithm that uses the linear programming lower bound is proposed. Computational results with branch and bound algorithms that use this and other lower bounds and with a dynamic programming algorithm for problems with up to 1000 jobs are given.",,Management Science,1988-01-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Inventory-driven costs,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023565502,10.1016/S0377-2217(87)80008-5,Dynamic programming and decomposition approaches for the single machine total tardiness problem,The problem of sequencing jobs on a single machine to minimize total tardiness is considered. General precedence constrained dynamic programming algorithms and special-purpose decomposition algorithms are presented. Computational results for problems with up to 100 jobs are given. © 1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland).,decomposition | dynamic programming | Scheduling | total tardiness,European Journal of Operational Research,1987-01-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860874107,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01291.x,"An Operations Perspective on Product Take‐Back Legislation for E‐Waste: Theory, Practice, and Research Needs","Agrowing stream of environmental legislation enforces collection and recycling of used electrical and electronics products. Based on our experiences with producers coping with e-waste legislation, we find that there is a strong need for research on the implications of such legislation from an operations perspective. In particular, as a discipline at the interface of systems design and economic modeling, operations focused research can be extremely useful in identifying appropriate e-waste take-back implementations for different business environments and how producers should react to them. © 2011 Production and Operations Management Society.",electronics | product take-back | recycling | waste electrical and electronic equipment,Production and Operations Management,2012-05-01,Article,"Atasu, Atalay;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021622218,10.1016/0167-188X(84)90035-1,Lot sizing under dynamic demand conditions: A review,,,Engineering Costs and Production Economics,1984-01-01,Article,"De Bodt, Marc A.;Gelders, Ludo F.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025699773,10.1016/0377-2217(90)90296-N,Set partitioning and column generation heuristics for capacitated dynamic lotsizing,"This paper discusses set partitioning and column generation heuristics for the multi item single level capacitated dynamic lotsizing problem. Most previous research efforts reported in literature use the single item uncapacitated problem solutions as candidate plans. In this paper a different approach is proposed in which candidate plans are also generated by some well-known multi item capacitated dynamic lotsizing heuristics. The LP relaxation of a set partitioning model is solved and rounded to obtain an integer solution. A number of heuristics are subsequently applied to improve upon this initial solution. Heuristics are also used to convert the possibly fractional solution from the column generation step to a feasible integer one. Our methods are compared with other common sense heuristics. Computational experience shows that our methods perform best for problems with fewer periods than items, but are quite good on average. © 1990.",heuristics | Lotsizing | set partitioning,European Journal of Operational Research,1990-05-04,Article,"Cattrysse, Dirk;Maes, Johan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020735486,10.1016/0377-2217(83)90159-5,An algorithm for single machine sequencing with deadlines to minimize total weighted completion time,"Each of n jobs is to be processed without interruption on a single machine. Each job becomes available for processing at time zero, has a deadline by which it must be completed and has a positive weight. The objective is to find a processing order of the jobs which minimizes the sum of weighted completion times. In this paper a branch and bound algorithm for the problem is presented which incorporates lower bounds that are obtained using a new technique called the multiplier adjustment method. Firstly several dominance conditions are derived. Then a heuristic is described and sufficient conditions for its optimality are given. The lower bound is obtained by performing a Lagrangean relaxation of the deadline constraints; the Lagrange multipliers are chosen so that the sequence generated by the heuristic is an optimal solution of the relaxed problem, thus yielding a lower bound. The algorithm is tested on problems with up to fifty jobs. © 1983.",,European Journal of Operational Research,1983-01-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884951763,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2012.01426.x,How collection cost structure drives a manufacturer's reverse channel choice,"This note discusses the impact of collection cost structure on the optimal reverse channel choice of manufacturers who remanufacture their own products. Using collection cost functions that capture collection rate and collection volume dependency, we show that the optimal reverse channel choice (retailer- vs. manufacturer-managed collection) is driven by how the cost structure moderates the manufacturer's ability to shape the retailer's sales and collection quantity decisions. © 2013 Production and Operations Management Society.",channel choice | closed-loop supply chain | remanufacturing | reverse logistics,Production and Operations Management,2013-09-01,Article,"Atasu, Atalay;Toktay, L. Beril;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748205020,10.1016/j.pursup.2006.04.003,E-procurement in the Greek food and drink industry: drivers and impediments,"Most empirical research on e-procurement has focused on large economies and technology-related industries, paying little attention to smaller economies and traditional industries. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a study on the state and development of e-procurement in the Greek food and drink industry, based on four case studies with some of the largest organisations in the industry. This study indicates that the uptake of e-procurement has been slow and reveals some important impediments, such as the uncertainty of the technology and its benefits, the lack of infrastructure and skills and the traditional nature of the industry. These results led to a series of findings, propositions for further investigation. The drivers and impediments to e-procurement have been classified into four different levels: global, country, industry and firm. Each of these levels requires a different approach to dealing with it, having implications for practitioners and policymakers. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",E-procurement | Food and drink industry | Greece,Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,2006-03-01,Article,"Tatsis, Vassilios;Mena, Carlos;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Whicker, Linda",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A maintenance management tool,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846269327,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2006.tb00255.x,Optimal order quantities with remanufacturing across new product generations,"We address the problem of determining the optimal retailer order quantities from a manufacturer who makes new products in conjunction with ordering remanufactured products from a remanufacturer using used and unsold products from the previous product generation. Specifically, we determine the optimal order quantity by the retailer for four systems of decision-making: (a) the three firms make their decisions in a coordinated fashion, (b) the retailer acts independently while the manufacturer and remanufacturer coordinate their decisions, (c) the remanufacturer acts independently while the retailer and manufacturer coordinate their decisions, and (d) all three firms act independently. We model the four options described above as centralized or decentralized decision-making systems with the manufacturer being the Stackelberg leader and provide insights into the optimal order quantities. Coordination mechanisms are then provided which enable the different players to achieve jointly the equivalent profits in a coordinated channel. © 2006 Production and Operations Management Society.",,Production and Operations Management,2006-01-01,Article,"Bhattacharya, Shantanu;Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Single machine scheduling to minimize total late work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Limits to concurrency,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029637634,10.1016/0377-2217(93)E0335-U,Exact and approximation algorithms for the operational fixed interval scheduling problem,"The Operational Fixed Interval Scheduling Problem (OFISP) is characterized as the problem of scheduling a number of jobs, each with a fixed starting time, a fixed finishing time, a priority index, and a job class. The objective is to find an assignment of jobs to machines with maximal total priority. The problem is complicated by the restrictions that: (i) each machine can handle only one job at a time, (ii) each machine can handle only jobs from a prespecified subset of all possible job classes, and (iii) preemption is not allowed. It follows from the above that OFISP has both the character of a job scheduling problem and the character of an assignment problem. In this paper we discuss the occurrence of the problem in practice, and we present newly developed exact and approximation algorithms for solving OFISP. Finally, some computational results are shown. © 1995.",Heuristics | Integer programming | Job scheduling | Lagrangean relaxation,European Journal of Operational Research,1995-04-06,Article,"Kroon, Leo G.;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030574669,10.1016/0377-2217(94)00211-8,The capacitated distribution and waste disposal problem,"We study the problem of the simultaneous design of a distribution network with plants and waste disposal units, and the coordination of product flows and waste flows within this network. The objective is to minimize the sum of fixed costs for opening plants and waste disposal units, and variable costs related to product and waste flows. The problem is complicated by (i) capacity constraints on plants and waste disposal units, (ii) service requirements (i.e. production must cover total demand) and (iii) waste, arising from production, to be disposed of at waste disposal units. We discuss alternative mathematical model formulations for the two-level distribution and waste disposal problem with capacity constraints. Lower bounding and upper bounding procedures are analyzed. The bounds are shown to be quite effective when embedded in a standard branch and bound algorithm. Finally, the results of a computational study are reported.",Capacitated facility location | Heuristics | Mixed integer programming | Relaxations,European Journal of Operational Research,1996-02-08,Article,"Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Design Principles for Closed Loop Supply Chains: Optimizing Economic, Logistics and Environmental Performance",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Design of closed loop supply chains: a production and return network for refrigerators,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000457953,10.1016/0925-5273(95)00069-7,An empirical study of capital budgeting practices for strategic investments in CIM technologies,"In recent years, an increasing number of companies have been struggling to justify strategic technology investments using traditional capital budgeting systems. The existing accounting-based decision models (such as discounted cashflow) are said to be no longer adequate to help evaluate investments in technological innovation, mainly because of the strategic, intangible nature of the benefits involved. As a result, traditional capital budgeting methods have been heavily criticized of discouraging the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies and thus undermining the competitiveness of western firms. Some authors would argue that the only alternative is to exempt these strategic investments from the control of accounting systems. Others have developed sophisticated methods for performing an integrated strategic and financial investment analysis. At this point, however, it is still unclear which approach is prevalent in practice and which factors contribute to effective investment decisions. This empirical study attempts to shed some light on the problem by examining the capital budgeting practices of firms with regard to strategic investments in Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) technologies. Questionnaire data are used to provide a better insight into the ways in which manufacturing firms go about controlling major investments in new process technologies. In addition, tentative findings are presented about hypothesized relationships between characteristics of the investment decision making process and the perceived ex post financial performance of CIM investments. © 1995.",Capital budgeting | CIM technology | Strategic investment,International Journal of Production Economics,1995-01-01,Article,"Slagmulder, Regine;Bruggeman, Werner;van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-68749118417,10.1016/j.jom.2009.07.004,"Too much theory, not enough understanding","This essay and the following commentaries address the use of theory in operations management. While much is said about theory in the typical journal article, theory, as science defines it, is not at the center of much of our research. The discipline had fallen into some bad habits. This essay and its commentaries appeal for more attention to what theory can mean for our understanding of operations management. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Empirical research | Operations management | Theory,Journal of Operations Management,2009-10-01,Article,"Schmenner, Roger W.;Wassenhove, Luk Van;Ketokivi, Mikko;Heyl, Jeff;Lusch, Robert F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022737333,10.1080/07408178608975338,Multi item single level capacitated dynamic lotsizing heuristics: A computational comparison (Part I: Static case),"The multi item single level capacitated dynamic lotsizing problem consists of scheduling N items over a horizon of T periods. Demands are given and should be satisfied without backlogging. The objective is to minimize the sum of setup costs and inventory holding costs over the horizon subject to a constraint on total capacity in each period. Three simple heuristics from literature (Lambrecht and Vanderveken, Dixon and Silver, Dogramaci, Panayiotopoulos and Adam) are compared on a large set of test problems and their difference in performance is analyzed for various problem parameters. © 1986 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1986-01-01,Article,"Maes, Johan;Wassenhove, Luk N.Van",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,System dynamics for humanitarian operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34250081223,10.1007/BF02023005,Statistical search methods for lotsizing problems,"This paper reports on our experiments with statistical search methods for solving lotsizing problems in production planning. In lotsizing problems the main objective is to generate a minimum cost production and inventory schedule, such that (i) customer demand is satisfied, and (ii) capacity restrictions imposed on production resources are not violated. We discuss our experiences in solving these, in general NP-hard, lotsizing problems with popular statistical search techniques like simulated annealing and tabu search. The paper concludes with some critical remarks on the use of statistical search methods for solving lotsizing problems. © 1993 J.C. Baltzer AG, Science Publishers.",Lotsizing | mixed-integer programming | simulated annealing | tabu search,Annals of Operations Research,1993-12-01,Article,"Salomon, Marc;Kuik, Roelof;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Production Planning Framework for Flexible Manufacuturing Systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029287729,10.1016/0377-2217(94)00261-A,An integrated and structured approach to improve maintenance,"Following a brief review of recent developments in maintenance theory and practice, and in information technology and decision support models, we present an integrated approach that combines elements from these domains into a powerful tool for dealing with maintenance problems. We show how this framework can be used to set up a continuous improvement program for maintenance management and apply the concepts to an industrial case. © 1995.",Maintenance | Management,European Journal of Operational Research,1995-04-20,Article,"Vanneste, S. G.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Collection and vehicle routing issues in reverse logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-61849111812,10.1287/mnsc.1080.0867,Queuing for expert services,"We consider a monopolist expert offering a service with a ""credence"" characteristic. A credence service is one in which the customer cannot verify, even after a purchase, whether or not the amount of prescribed service was appropriate; examples include legal, medical, or consultancy services, and car repair. This creates an incentive for the expert to ""induce service,"" that is, to provide unnecessary services that add no value to the customer, but that allow the expert to increase his revenues. We focus on the impact of an operations phenomenon on service inducement-workload dynamics due to the stochasticity of interarrival and service times. To this end, we model the expert's service operation as a single-server queue. The expert determines the service price within a fixed and variable fee structure and determines the service inducement strategy. We characterize the expert's combined optimal price structure and service inducement strategy as a function of service capacity, market potential, inducement opportunity, value of service and waiting cost. We find that service inducement is a means to dynamically skim customer surplus with state-independent prices and provision of slower service to customers that arrive when the expert is idle. We conclude with design implications of our results in limiting service inducement. © 2008 INFORMS.",Operations-economics interface | Queuing | Services,Management Science,2008-08-01,Article,"Debo, Laurens G.;Toktay, L. Beril;Wassenhove, Luk N.Van",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032659099,10.1109/52.765792,Software engineering in Europe: a study of best practices,"To determine whether engineering organizations are really adopting best practices, survey data on 397 software engineering groups over a broad range of business sectors in 20 European countries was analyzed. It was found that there is a wide variation in both awareness and application of process improvement techniques. The results from this study should help software development organizations better focus their available time and resources development software engineers, their managers, and their leadership plan for improvement.",,IEEE Software,1999-05-01,Article,"Dutta, Soumitra;Lee, Michael;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Learning across lines,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875152865,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01316.x,Vehicle replacement in the International Committee of the Red Cross,"This article studies 4 × 4 vehicle replacement within the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), one of the largest humanitarian organizations. ICRC policy sets the replacement of vehicles at 5 years or 150,000 km, whichever comes first. Using field data collected at the ICRC headquarters and national level we study the ICRC policy. Our results suggest that the organization can make considerable savings by adjusting its replacement policy. This study contributes to the area of logistics and transportation research in humanitarian operations. © 2012 Production and Operations Management Society.",decentralized supply chains | humanitarian logistics | transportation | vehicle replacement,Production and Operations Management,2013-03-01,Article,"Pedraza-Martinez, Alfonso J.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-31744444955,10.1016/0272-6963(82)90019-5,Hierarchical integration in production planning: Theory and practice,"This paper discusses the issue of integrating various decision levels in hierarchical production planning systems. First the theory is briefly reviewed and then two case studies are presented. It is argued that it is not sufficient to have a good decision model at every level of the decision hierarchy. The different models should be carefully integrated. The potential problems resulting from a lack of integration are discussed. These problems are then illustrated in two case studies in order to be able to focus on actual managerial issues. It is shown how different decision levels supported by decision models were integrated in these two applications. Two important features are the crucial role of crossfunctional managerial committees in the integration process and the introduction of slack to avoid disaggregation problems. We do not claim to be exhaustive in presenting the problems related to integration nor do we claim that the solutions to the cases are the best possible ones. We do, however, hope that this paper motivates production managers to take a serious look at their hierarchical planning procedures. © 1982.",,Journal of Operations Management,1982-01-01,Article,"Gelders, Ludo F.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79957471415,10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00754.x,Get Fat Fast: Surviving Stage‐Gate® in NPD,"Stage-Gates is a widely used product innovation process for managing portfolios of new product development projects. The process enables companies to minimize uncertainty by helping them identify-at various stages or gates-the ""wrong"" projects before too many resources are invested. The present research looks at the question of whether using Stage-Gates may lead companies also to jettison some ""right"" projects (i.e., those that could have become successful). The specific context of this research involves projects characterized by asymmetrical uncertainty: where workload is usually underestimated at the start (because new development tasks or new customer requirements are discovered after the project begins) and where the development team's size is often overestimated (because assembling a productive team takes more time than anticipated). Software development projects are a perfect example. In the context of an underestimated workload and an understaffed team, the Stage-Gates philosophy of low investment at the start may set off a negative dynamic: low investments in the beginning lead to massive schedule pressure, which increases turnover in an already understaffed team and results in the team missing schedules for the first stage. This delay cascades into the second stage and eventually leads management to conclude that the project is not viable and should be abandoned. However, this paper shows how, with slightly more flexible thinking (i.e., initial Stage-Gates investments that are slightly less lean), some of the ostensibly ""wrong"" projects can actually become the ""right"" projects to pursue. Principal conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) adhering strictly to the Stage-Gates philosophy may well kill off viable projects and damage the firm's bottom line; (2) slightly relaxing the initial investment constraint can improve the dynamics of project execution; and (3) during a project's first stages, managers should focus more on ramping up their project team than on containing project costs. © 2010 Product Development & Management Association.",,Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010-11-01,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim;Sengupta, Kishore;Akkermans, Henk;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449429205,10.1007/s12063-007-0001-8,The optimal disposition decision for product returns,"We provide an analytic model for The optimal disposition decision for product returns. The manager decides which product returns to accept for processing at the remanufacturing facility, and which ones to sell immediately as-is at a salvage value. High congestion levels in the remanufacturing facility delay the sale of the remanufactured product at the secondary market, decreasing the value at which it can be sold; this may imply a more attractive salvaging option. This is particularly important for high-tech products with short life cycles, such as computers and printers. We propose a two-step policy. In the first step, the returned product's random processing time is observed. In the second step, a disposition decision is made: if the processing time is larger than a threshold k* the product is salvaged; otherwise the product is remanufactured. We provide an approximate procedure to compute k* in industrial settings. Our numerical study demonstrates the superiority of our policy over the current industrial practice ignoring the time value of money. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.",Closed-loop supply chains | Heuristics | Queuing | Remanufacturing | Time-value,Operations Management Research,2008-09-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Gunes, Evrim Didem;Souza, Gilvan C.;van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031187695,10.1287/opre.45.4.624,Exact and approximation algorithms for the tactical fixed interval scheduling problem,"The Tactical Fixed Interval Scheduling Problem (TFISP) is the problem of determining the minimum number of parallel nonidentical machines, such that a feasible schedule exists for a given set of jobs. In TFISP, each job must belong to a specific job class and must be carried out in a prespecified time interval. The problem is complicated by the restrictions that (1) each machine can handle only one job at a time, (2) each machine can handle only jobs from a subset of the job classes, and (3) preemption is not allowed. In this paper we discuss the occurrence of TFISP in practice, we analyze the computational complexity of TFISP, and we present exact and approximation algorithms for solving TFISP. The paper concludes with a computational study.",,Operations Research,1997-01-01,Article,"Kroon, Leo G.;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A branch and bound algorithm for the multi item single level capacitated dynamic lotsizing problem,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0019527774,10.1016/0377-2217(81)90205-8,A large scale location-allocation problem in the natural rubber industry,"In trying to improve the efficiency of the smallholder sector of the natural rubber industry, the Malaysian government is faced with large-scale location-allocation problems. This involves locating and operating central rubber processing factories producing high quality natural rubber, siting of collection stations to which the smallholders can bring their latex, and the vehicle routing problem of transporting the latex to the central rubber processing factories. We formulate a global model which minimizes the collection and fixed costs of the system, subject to capacity and time constraints. Since real-life problems, from their sheer magnitude, are impossible to solve optimally, heuristic approaches are suggested for a simplified version of the problem. © 1981.",heuristics | Location | vehicle routing,European Journal of Operational Research,1981-01-01,Article,"Nambiar, Jay M.;Gelders, Ludo F.;Van Wassenhove, Luc N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030125476,10.1016/0377-2217(95)00349-5,Local search heuristics for single-machine scheduling with batching to minimize the number of late jobs,"Local search heuristics are developed for a problem of scheduling jobs on a single machine. Jobs are partitioned into families, and a set-up time is necessary when there is a switch in processing jobs from one family to jobs of another family. The objective is to minimize the number of late jobs. Four alternative local search methods are proposed: multi-start descent, simulated annealing, tabu search and a genetic algorithm. The performance of these heuristics is evaluated on a large set of test problems. The best results are obtained with the genetic algorithm; multi-start descent also performs quite well.",Batches: Set-up time | Descent | Genetic algorithm | Local search heuristics | Scheduling | Simulated annealing | Single machine | Tabu search,European Journal of Operational Research,1996-01-01,Article,"Crauwels, H. A.J.;Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84952683477,10.1111/poms.12523,Technology choice and capacity portfolios under emissions regulation,"We study the impact of emissions tax and emissions cap-and-trade regulation on a firm’s technology choice and capacity decisions. We show that emissions price uncertainty under cap-and-trade results in greater expected profit than a constant emissions price under an emissions tax, which contradicts popular arguments that the greater uncertainty under cap-and-trade will erode value. We further show that two operational drivers underlie this result: (i) the firm’s option not to operate, which effectively right-censors the uncertain emissions price; and (ii) dispatch flexibility, which is the firm’s ability to first deploy its most profitable capacity given the realized emissions price. In addition to these managerial insights, we also explore policy implications: the effect of emissions price level, and the effect of investment and production subsidies. Through an illustrative example, we show that production subsidies of higher investment and production cost technologies (such as carbon capture and storage technologies) have no effect on the firm’s optimal total capacity when firms own a portfolio of both clean and dirty technologies, but that investment subsidies of these technologies increase the firm’s total capacity, conditionally increasing expected emissions. A subsidy of a lower production cost technology, on the other hand, has no effect on the firm’s optimal total capacity in multi-technology portfolios, regardless of whether the subsidy is a production or investment subsidy.",Clean technology subsidy | Emissions regulation | Sustainable operations | Technology choice,Production and Operations Management,2016-06-01,Article,"Drake, David F.;Kleindorfer, Paul R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875161312,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2012.01364.x,Stakeholder perspectives on E‐waste take‐back legislation,"In this study, we compare two common forms of product take-back legislation implementation: (i) manufacturer-operated systems, where the state imposes certain take-back objectives on manufacturers, and (ii) state-operated systems, where manufacturers or consumers finance take-back through recovery fees. We show that their impacts on different stakeholders, that is, social welfare, manufacturers, consumers, and the environment, can be significantly different and stakeholder preferences for these models vary depending on the operating environments (e.g., production and take-back costs, and environmental externalities). We also consider the impact of operational externalities such as operating and monitoring costs, and show how they affect stakeholder preferences. © 2012 Production and Operations Management Society.",implementation | legislation | product take-back | social welfare | WEEE,Production and Operations Management,2013-03-01,Review,"Atasu, Atalay;Özdemir, Öznur;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Benchmarking Australian firms’ usage of contract logistics services: a comparison with American and Western European practice,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84892725526,10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000113,Material convergence: Important and understudied disaster phenomenon,"This paper reports the research conducted on material convergence, which is one of the most important and, ironically, one of the most understudied disaster phenomena. This spontaneous flow of supplies, equipment, and general donations to the impacted area brings much-needed relief and major complications to the operations. The paper reviews empirical evidence from disaster literature and complements it with lessons learned from fieldwork to identify the problems created by the nonpriority component of the material convergence. The paper ends with policy suggestions regarding the use of appropriate material convergence management and control strategies. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.",Disaster response | Material convergence | Postdisaster field work | Postdisaster humanitarian logistics,Natural Hazards Review,2014-02-01,Article,"Holguín-Veras, José;Jaller, Miguel;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Pérez, Noel;Wachtendorf, Tricia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846643136,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2006.tb00156.x,Closed‐Loop Supply Chains: An Introduction to the Feature Issue (Part 2),"Closed-loop supply chain management is the design, control and operation of a system to maximize value creation over the entire life-cycle of a product with dynamic recovery of value from different types and volumes of returns over time. The research in this feature issue furthers our understanding of this rich area and serves as a starting point for another round of research which continues to dig deeper still into relevant industry issues. © 2006 Production and Operations Management Society.",Closed-loop supply chains | Sustainable operations,Production and Operations Management,2006-01-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242269340,10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00168-1,"Ethics outside, within, or beyond OR models?","Since ethical concerns are calling for more attention within Operational Research, we present three approaches to combine Operational Research models with ethics. Our intention is to clarify the trade-offs faced by the OR community, in particular the tension between the scientific legitimacy of OR models (ethics outside OR models) and the integration of ethics within models (ethics within OR models). Presenting and discussing an approach that combines OR models with the process of OR (ethics beyond OR models), we suggest rigorous ways to express the relation between ethics and OR models. As our work is exploratory, we are trying to avoid a dogmatic attitude and call for further research. We argue that there are interesting avenues for research at the theoretical, methodological and applied levels and that the OR community can contribute to an innovative, constructive and responsible social dialogue about its ethics. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Ethics | Models | OR | Processes,European Journal of Operational Research,2004-03-01,Conference Paper,"Le Menestrel, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Concurrent software development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Pan-American health organization's humanitarian supply management system: de-politicization of the humanitarian supply chain by creating accountability,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865398782,10.1108/14720701211267838,Creating shared value as a differentiation strategy–the example of BASF in Brazil,"Purpose: This paper aims to create empirical evidence regarding shared value strategies recently propagated by Michael Porter and Mark Kramer. Design/methodology/approach: The authors analyze a single case study of a collaboration between BASF, André Maggi Group and Fundação Espaço Eco in Brazil. The objective is to evaluate whether the applied strategy can be considered as a case of shared value creation. Findings: The case study on the collaboration between BASF, FEE and the André Maggi Group does qualify as a shared value strategy, more precisely as a case of redesigning productivity in the value chain. Research limitations/applications: This single case study creates some evidence for shared value strategies; however, more research is needed to generalize the results. Practical implications: The socio-eco-efficiency analysis offered by Fundação Espaço Eco creates a differentiation strategy for BASF in Brazil. The work enables BASF's clients to reduce negative impacts while increasing their financial, social and environmental performance. Originality/value: This paper is the first empirical verification of the shared value concept. It demonstrates that shared value strategies do enhance financial as well as socio-environmental performance and build stronger client relationships. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",BASF | Brazil | Efficiency | Fundação Espaço Eco | Management strategy | Organizational performance | Shared value | Sustainable development,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Spitzeck, Heiko;Chapman, Sonia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Planning the size and organization of KLM's aircraft maintenance personnel,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954582746,10.1080/00207540903150585,On the effect of quality overestimation in remanufacturing,"We study a simple reverse supply chain consisting of a remanufacturing facility and a number of independent locations where used products are returned by the end-users. At the collection locations, the returned products are graded and classified based on a list of nominal quality metrics provided by the remanufacturer. It is assumed that this classification is subject to errors; specifically, the returns condition is overestimated because of a stochastic proportion of returned units which are classified in classes corresponding to better quality than the actual. The scope of the paper is to study how these classification errors affect the optimal procurement decisions of the remanufacturer as well as the associated profit for the cases of both constant and stochastic demand in a single-period context. Moreover, in the former case we study the impact of these classification errors on profit variability. The quantification of the impact of quality overestimation provides intuition on the value of reliable classification and on the extent of the necessary investments and initiatives to improve classification accuracy. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.",grading errors | quality of returns | remanufacturing | reverse logistics | supplier evaluation,International Journal of Production Research,2010-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Zikopoulos, Christos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The experience trap,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0348226468,10.2307/41166231,Managing learning curves in factories by creating and transferring knowledge,"The learning curve phenomenon is widely known. However, factories show considerable variation in learning rates and can change the rate of learning by managing deliberate learning efforts. Through an analysis of quality improvement projects conducted in one factory over a decade, this article identifies two dimensions of the learning process - conceptual learning, which yields know-why, and operational learning, which yields know-how. A production line at this factory that was specifically set up to create technological knowledge consistently produced both know-why and know-how. However, replication of this production line in other factories within the same firm fell short of expectations: neither creation nor transfer of such knowledge occurred. The evidence shows that a stable environment with continuity in resources (such as raw materials suppliers) enhances knowledge creation. Moreover, successful replication requires management buy-in and knowledge diversity.",,California Management Review,2003-01-01,Review,"Lapré, Michael A.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042043056,10.1023/a:1018978322417,Local search heuristics for single machine scheduling with batch set-up times to minimize total weighted completion time,"Local search heuristics are developed for a problem of scheduling a single machine to minimize the total weighted completion time. The jobs are partitioned into families, and a set-up time is necessary when there is a switch in processing jobs from one family to jobs of another family. Four alternative neighbourhood search methods are developed: multistart descent, simulated annealing, threshold accepting and tabu search. The performance of these heuristics is evaluated on a large set of test problems, and the results are also compared with those obtained by a genetic algorithm. The best results are obtained with the tabu search method for smaller numbers of families and with the genetic algorithm for larger numbers of families. In combination, these methods generate high quality schedules at relatively modest computational expense.",Batches | Descent | Local search heuristics | Scheduling | Set-up time | Simulated annealing | Single machine | Tabu search | Threshold accepting,Annals of Operations Research,1997-01-01,Article,"Crauwels, H. A.J.;Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879680894,10.5465/amj.2010.0742,Anatomy of a decision trap in complex new product development projects,"We conducted a longitudinal process study of one firm's failed attempt to develop a new product. Our extensive data analysis suggests that teams in complex dynamic environments characterized by delays are subject to multiple ""information filters"" that blur their perception of actual project performance. Consequently, teams do not realize their projects are in trouble and repeatedly fall into a ""decision trap"" in which they stretch current project stages at the expense of future stages. This slowly and gradually reduces the likelihood of project success. However, because of the information filters, teams fail to notice what is happening until it is too late. © 2013 Academy of Management Journal.",,Academy of Management Journal,2013-07-08,Article,"Van Oorschot, Kim E.;Akkermans, Henk;Sengupta, Kishore;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855642832,10.1016/j.ejor.2011.11.030,Official recycling and scavengers: Symbiotic or conflicting?,"Nowadays, especially in developed countries, the traditional collection of end-of-use products by scavengers has been displaced by formal waste recovery systems. However, scavenging still exists, especially in places with collection capacity shortages and/or low living standards. Besides its obvious social implications, the financial and environmental aspects of scavenging are certainly not trivial. Informal recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) by scavengers not only constrains profits of the formal system. In their effort to recover the value of end-of-use products, scavengers also pollute the environment if toxic substances leak when WEEE is not properly disposed of. We investigate the impact of scavenging on the operations of the formal recovery system of WEEE, under three regulatory measures, using system dynamics methodology. By using data from a real world closed-loop supply chain that operates in Greece extended numerical experimentation revealed that a legislation incorporating scavengers into the formal waste recovery system (instead of either ignoring or prohibiting their participation) is beneficial for economical, environmental and social sustainability. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Scavengers | Supply chain management | Sustainable development | System dynamics | WEEE,European Journal of Operational Research,2012-04-16,Article,"Besiou, Maria;Georgiadis, Patroklos;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR models for eco-eco closed-loop supply chain optimization,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021410120,10.1016/0167-188X(85)90029-1,"Capacity planning in MRP, JIT and OPT: a critique","This paper discusses how well recent production-inventory control systems such as Material Requirements Planning, Just-In-Time production and Optimized Production Technology, behave in environments where capacity constraints are prevalent. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the mechanisms of production-inventory systems. Emphasis is on the potential of these systems to deal with capacity constraints (e.g. bottleneck facilities) and on their strengths and weaknesses. It is also shown what the main differences and similarities are and how these production-inventory control systems can complement each other in many situations rather than being mutually exclusive. © 1985.",,Engineering Costs and Production Economics,1985-01-01,Article,"Gelders, Ludo F.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-54049089651,10.1016/j.ejor.2007.11.052,Lagrangean relaxation based heuristics for lot sizing with setup times,We consider a lot sizing problem with setup times where the objective is to minimize the total inventory carrying cost only. The demand is dynamic over time and there is a single resource of limited capacity. We show that the approaches implemented in the literature for more general versions of the problem do not perform well in this case. We examine the Lagrangean relaxation (LR) of demand constraints in a strong reformulation of the problem. We then design a primal heuristic to generate upper bounds and combine it with the LR problem within a subgradient optimization procedure. We also develop a simple branch and bound heuristic to solve the problem. Computational results on test problems taken from the literature show that our relaxation procedure produces consistently better solutions than the previously developed heuristics in the literature. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.,Heuristic | Inventory | Lagrangean relaxation | Reformulation | Setup time,European Journal of Operational Research,2009-04-01,Article,"Süral, Haldun;Denizel, Meltem;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Coordination in closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Benchmarking European software management practices,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38149148337,10.1016/0166-218X(92)00182-L,The single-item discrete lotsizing and scheduling problem: optimization by linear and dynamic programming,"This paper considers the single-item discrete lotsizing and scheduling problem (DLSP). DLSP is the problem of determining a minimal cost production schedule, that satisfies demand without backlogging and does not violate capacity constraints. We formulate DLSP as an integer programming problem and present two solution procedures. The first procedure is based on a reformulation of DLSP as a linear programming assignment problem, with additional restrictions to reflect the specific (setup) cost structure. For this linear programming (LP) formulation it is shown that, under certain conditions on the objective, the solution is all integer. The second procedure is based on dynamic programming (DP). Under certain conditions on the objective function, the DP algorithm can be made to run very fast by using special properties of optimal solutions. © 1994.",Dynamic programming | integer programming | lotsizing,Discrete Applied Mathematics,1994-02-15,Article,"Van Hoesel, Stan;Kuik, Roelof;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,UN Joint Logistics Centre&58; a coordinated response to common humanitarian logistics concerns,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022735070,10.1080/07408178608975339,Multi item single level capacitated dynamic lotsizing heuristics: a computational comparison (part II: rolling horizon),"In this paper we discuss the behavior of three well-known heuristics for capacitated dynamic lotsizing (Lambrecht-Vanderveken, Dixon-Silver, Dogramaci, Panayiotopoulos and Adam) on a rolling horizon. Extensive computational results are presented for various problem parameters. For a detailed discussion of the heuristics and their behavior under static conditions, the reader is referred to Part I of this paper. © 1986 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1986-01-01,Article,"Maes, Johan;Wassenhove, Luk N.Van",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0019553708,10.1016/0167-188X(82)90039-8,Lot sizing and safety stock decisions in an MRP system with demand uncertainty,"Research in MRP usually assumes demand to be deterministic. However, in industrial situations uncertainties in demand may have a considerable influence on the efficiency of an MRP system. Therefore lot sizing and safety stock decisions should also be investigated under conditions of uncertain demand. This paper investigates the effect of time varying and uncertain demand on various lot sizing and safety stock policies. Simulation results are presented for a case study of a Belgian firm facing high forecast errors. Results are also presented for a hypothetical simulation experiment which was designed in order to gain insight into the cost effectiveness of single level lot sizing heuristics when applied on a rolling schedule basis with demand uncertainty. The main finding of the paper is that demand uncertainty has a tremendous influence on the cost effectiveness of lot sizing heuristics. © 1982.",,Engineering Costs and Production Economics,1982-01-01,Article,"De Bodt, Marc A.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Gelders, Ludo F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Industrial excellence: Management quality in manufacturing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026881623,10.1016/0167-6377(92)90001-J,Approximation algorithms for scheduling a single machine to minimize total late work,"In the problem of scheduling a single machine to minimize total late work, there are n jobs to be processed, each of which has an integer processing time and an integer due date. The objective is to find a sequence of jobs which minimizes the total late work, where the late work for a job is the amount of processing of this job that is performed after its due date. Three families of approximation algorithms {Ek}, {Aε} and {Bε} are presented. Contained in the first family is a (1 + 1/k)-approximation algorithm Ek, for any positive integer k ≤ n, which uses truncated enumeration; Ek requires O(nk + 1) time and O(n) space. The two other families {Aε} and Bε} are fully polynomial approximation schemes which are based on the rounding of state variables in dynamic programming formulations. In the superior scheme, for 0 ≤ ε ≤ 1, Bε si a (1 + ε)-approximation algorithm which has a time requirement of O(n2 / ε) and a space requirement of O(n / ε). © 1992.",approximation algorithms | single machine scheduling | worst-case analysis,Operations Research Letters,1992-01-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024961547,10.1016/0377-2217(89)90464-5,Plant location and vehicle routing in the Malaysian rubber smallholder sector: a case study,"This paper deals with real-life problems of plant location and vehicle routing in the smallholdings sector of the Malaysian rubber industry. Operational Research methods that accomodate conditions prevailing in the smallholdings sector (size, constraints, limited finances) are tested on a test region that offers all permutations and combinations of these very conditions. The results show significant benefits to agencies that serve the smallholdings sector. Implementation issues are examined for transfer of technology (methodology) to greatest effect. © 1989.",facilities | forestry | location | Planning | road transportation,European Journal of Operational Research,1989-01-05,Article,"Nambiar, Jay M.;Gelders, Ludo F.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023288577,10.1016/0377-2217(87)90218-9,A location-allocation problem in a large Belgian brewery,"This paper discusses the depot location problem of a large Belgian brewery. Emphasis is on practical problems encountered in the course of the study (e.g. data gathering, estimating distances, etc.). Both a discrete location model (Dualoc) and a continuous model developed in-house (GRAVLOC) were used to perform the analysis. Both models indicated substantial savings to be obtained by relocating some depots and by reallocating customers to depots. © 1987.",Distribution | road transportation,European Journal of Operational Research,1987-01-01,Article,"Gelders, Ludo F.;Pintelon, Liliane M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020706071,10.1016/0377-2217(83)90216-3,Planning production in a bottleneck department,"This paper discusses the development and the implementation of a production planning model for a set of bottleneck machines. The machines are characterized by very high start/stop costs while demand for the products is time-varying and deterministic. Setup times are highly sequence-dependent. The model uses Lagrangian relaxation and dynamic programming to determine the production periods for the machines. Capacitated lot sizing models are then used to establish individual product runs on each machine. Finally, the actual sequences are found by applying a traveling salesman algorithm. Though the model is presented in some detail, emphasis will be on how the model was developed and implemented in close cooperation with the executives of the firm and on how the model is currently used for decision making. © 1983.",,European Journal of Operational Research,1983-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Vanderhenst, Pieter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The central role of supply chain management at IFRC,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902547670,10.1111/poms.12227,Introduction to the special issue on humanitarian operations and crisis management,"The Genesis of this Special Issue came from the Board of the POMS College on Humanitarian Operations and Crisis Management (HO&CM). It was seen as a necessary initiative to define the field and examine research opportunities. This Special Issue shows that humanitarian operations pose challenges for P/OM researchers and practitioners that differ markedly from those of conventional supply chains associated with profitable enterprises. On the basis of the eight articles in this Special Issue, we have described and demonstrated the unique characteristics of the POM/HO&CM interaction. We have also identified those attributes that tend to overlap with conventional aspects of POM. In addition to wanting to be cost effective, the issue of equity fairness is pervasive in humanitarian operations, and so is the need to always base considerations on ""last-mile logistics,"" that is, getting aid to those in most need. Research is essential to determine how to train researchers to scout out and map the territory of the real problems. One of the most vexing problems is the lack of robust data in the humanitarian domain which is as richly varied as the types of disasters that can occur. © 2014 Production and Operations Management Society.",crisis management | disasters of nature | efficiency-equity tension | humanitarian operations | last-mile | logistics | supply chains,Production and Operations Management,2014-01-01,Review,"Starr, Martin K.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865352292,10.1108/14720701211267810,CSR and inequality in the Niger Delta (Nigeria),"Purpose: The international awareness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues and the socio-political context of emerging countries are increasing the pressure on businesses, including multinational corporations, to take another look at their societal role. In a context of state failure (immature institutions), paying taxes can guarantee neither the peaceful management of company operations nor the sustainable development of local communities. Moreover, multinationals have experienced that making resources and opportunities available to local communities is not enough. The Niger Delta in Nigeria is, in this regard, a textbook case that demonstrates the challenge of achieving sustainable development in the context of acute inequalities. This paper seeks to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on fieldwork - quantitative and qualitative surveys - carried out in Nigeria for the past seven years, the paper builds on initiatives and approaches undertaken by Total, Agip and NPDC/Shell, consistent with their understanding of their role in society. Findings: Inequalities and imbalances (income, gender, inter-regional, sector-based) ferment frustrations and nurture insecurity and violence in the Niger Delta, therefore hindering sustainable development. As far as the relationship between oil companies and communities is concerned, the authors argue that oil multinationals have to foster an approach that targets the reduction of those exceptional inequalities for which they are partly responsible, as revealed with the ""double effect"" principle. Originality/value: Whereas CSR has been so far mainly studied as a management issue, this paper brings broader views and analyzes ethical, cultural and economic dynamics that underlie the acceptability of companies in their environment, in the specific context of the Niger Delta. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Corporate governance | Corporate social responsibility | Development | Economic development | Inequalities | Multinational companies | Niger Delta | Nigeria | Oil | Redistribution | Social development | Social justice,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Renouard, Cécile;Lado, Hervé",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-36849031207,10.1111/j.1540-5915.2007.00169.x,Dancing with the devil: Partnering with industry but publishing in academia,"We believe that partnering with industry can lead to research that is relevant, rigorous, and refreshing. Our experiences show that the potential benefits of partnering with industry are enormous, but that this is not an easy route for academics interested in operations research modeling or empirical methods. The need for grounded business research is greater now than ever, and, while academics have made great progress, there are still numerous opportunities to demonstrate the relevance of our research. We discuss how to establish industry contacts, identify fruitful academic - industry projects, and publish the resulting research. © 2007, Decision Sciences Institute.",And University Research | Business Education | Decision Sciences Philosophy | Industry | Management Science | Operations Management | Professional,Decision Sciences,2007-11-01,Review,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0024133022,10.1080/00207548808948003,The part mix and routing mix problem in FMS: a coupling between an LP model and a closed queueing network,"In the near future many companies will face the problem of the optimal use of newly installed manufacturing technology (e.g. a flexible manufacturing system or FMS). Very often this will involve decisions on what parts to produce using the new system (the part mix problem) and how to produce these parts (the routing mix problem). We show that traditional operational research tools such as linear programming and queueing network theory are well suited to tackle these problems. In particular, LP models are combined with queueing network models in an iterative procedure. As such the strengths of both techniques can be exploited in making optimal use of the part mix and routing mix flexibility of the FMS. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,International Journal of Production Research,1988-01-01,Article,"Avonts, Ludwig H.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84925626701,10.1111/poms.12215,"Vehicle supply chains in humanitarian operations: Decentralization, operational mix, and earmarked funding","The work of international humanitarian organizations (IHOs) frequently involves operating in remote locations, decentralized decision-making, and the simultaneous implementation of development and disaster response programs. A large proportion of this work is funded by ""earmarked"" donations, since donors often exhibit a preference for the programs they are willing to fund. From extensive research involving qualitative descriptions and quantitative data, and applying system dynamics methodology, we model vehicle supply chains (VSCs) in support of humanitarian field operations. Our efforts encompass the often-overlooked decentralized environment by incorporating the three different VSC structures that IHOs operate, as well as examining the entire mix of development and disaster response programs, and the specific (and virtually unexplored) effects of earmarked funding. Our results suggest that earmarked funding causes a real - and negative - operational impact on humanitarian disaster response programs in a decentralized setting.",disaster management | humanitarian logistics | humanitarian operations | supply chain management | system dynamics,Production and Operations Management,2014-11-01,Article,"Besiou, Maria;Pedraza-Martinez, Alfonso J.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865392925,10.1108/14720701211267865,In search of viable business models for development: sustainable energy in developing countries,"Purpose: Although the crucial role of business, and of business-based approaches, in development is increasingly emphasised by academics and practitioners, insight is lacking into the ""whether and how"" of viable business models, in environmental, social and economical terms. This article analyses private-sector involvement in development, including a business perspective of firm-level factors, taking the case of sustainable energy in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach: In the framework of the international business and development debate, the authors examine the ""state of the art"" on sustainable energy and business involvement, and present their own research on illustrative cases from local companies involved in renewable, off-grid rural electrification. Implications are discussed, as viewed from the broader perspective of business models. Findings: Existing studies on sustainable energy take macro-economic and/or policy-oriented approaches, containing specific case studies of rural electrification and/or recommended financing/delivery models. The authors categorize them on two dimensions (levels of subsidies and public/private involvement) and conclude that market-based models operating without subsidies hardly exist in theory - and also not in practice, as the study shows that companies can at best have part of their portfolio non-subsidized based on customer segmentation or require socially oriented investors/funders. Research limitations/applications: This exploratory study can be a starting point for further in-depth analyses. Practical implications: The article outlines challenges faced by companies/entrepreneurs when aiming for viable business models, and provides insights to policy-makers who want to further the role of business in sustainable (energy) development. Social implications: Sustainable energy and development are crucial and interlinked issues highly relevant to global society, as exemplified by the UN year of Sustainable Energy for All and Rio+20. Originality/value: The article contributes new dimensions and perspectives that have been left unexplored, and that are crucial for reducing poverty and stimulating sustainable (energy) development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Access to energy | Business models | Developing countries | Electricity | Energy sources | Off-grid | Poverty | Renewables | Rural areas | Rural electrification | Sustainable development | Sustainable energy,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Kolk, Ans;van den Buuse, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Technology choice and capacity investment under emissions regulation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0005045359,10.1016/0377-2217(94)90362-X,On the coordination of product and by-product flows in two-level distribution networks: Model formulations and solution procedures,"We study the problem of coordinating product and by-product flows in a two-level distribution network. In this problem, a single product is produced at multiple plants in order to fulfill customer demands. Furthermore, in the production process a by-product is produced, that must be transported to, and processed at a post-processing unit. The problem objective is to determine suitable locations for plants and post-processing units from a predetermined set of feasible locations, such that total costs are minimal. Here, total costs consist of fixed costs associated with opening plants and post-processing units, and variable costs associated with transport of product and by-product. We discuss alternative mathematical model formulations for this problem, and derive lower and upper bounding procedures. The results from computational experiments - in which we analyse the numerical behaviour of these procedures - are also reported. © 1994.",Heuristics | Integer programming | Two-level location problem,European Journal of Operational Research,1994-12-08,Article,"Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0022025884,10.1080/00207548508904705,The effect of engineering changes and demand uncertainty on MRP lot sizing: a case study,"Nuch has been said an the various aspects of lot sizing for single-level and multi-level (assembly) systems in MRP. Sumerous heuristics hare been dereloped and tested on (rather small) problems with finite horizon and deterministic, time-varying demand. However. in vraetice, the h""vp.o thesis of a finite horizon and deterministic demand contnins several inherent deficiencies. Indeed. the finite horizyn wsumption i-g nores that decisions are usually made on a roll in-^ schedule basis. hlorrover. lot-aizinn d<:cisiona are bwd on uncertain information about futum demand. Timing and quantity of future requirements are, a t least partially, based on forecasts and hence imply forecast errors and the need for reaaheduling. Finally, engineering changes ean also lead to very high sorap costs and hence should he incorporated into the lot-sizing decisions. In this paper the influence of these factors on lot-sizing decisions is exernined for a real life prohlem in a company that produces electronic components to he used in high technology telecommunication systems. Demand for these components has the following characteristics: highly time varying due ta the occurrence of several large orders for the entire system, a8 well as numerous 8malIer ones. The production of allcomponents (severnl hundreds) has to be smoothed over time in order to account for the available capacity. frequent rescheduling of orders, which results in very nervous demand for components (changes in timing as well as pmduct.ion quant, icies). all subassemblies (printed circuit boards) have a life cycle of at most twu to three years, and most of the components are then replaced. The cost.eiTectiveness of several single-level lot-sizing techniques under these conditions wss investigald using a simulation package, and the influence of each ofche above mentioned fncton was evaluated. © 1985 Taylor and Francis Ltd.",,International Journal of Production Research,1985-01-01,Article,"Chalmet, Luc G.;De Bodt, Marc;Wassexhove, Luk Van",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865398355,10.1108/14720701211267874,CSR in industrial clusters: An overview of the literature,"Purpose: The paper seeks to review the literature on CSR in industrial clusters in developing countries, identifying the main strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in this literature, pointing to future research directions and policy implications in the area of CSR and industrial cluster development. Design/methodology/approach: A literature review is conducted of both academic and policy-oriented writings that contain the keywords ""industrial clusters"" and ""developing countries"" in combination with one or more of the following terms: corporate social responsibility, environmental management, labor standards, child labor, climate change, social upgrading, and environmental upgrading. The authors examine the key themes in this literature, identify the main gaps, and point to areas where future work in this area could usefully be undertaken. Feedback has been sought from some of the leading authors in this field and their comments incorporated in the final version submitted to Corporate Governance. Findings: The article traces the origins of the debate on industrial clusters and CSR in developing countries back to the early 1990s when clusters began to be seen as an important vehicle for local economic development in the South. At the turn of the millennium the industrial cluster debate expanded as clusters were perceived as a potential source of poverty reduction, while their role in promoting CSR among small and medium-sized enterprises began to take shape from 2006 onwards. At present, there is still very little conceptual and empirical work that systematically investigates the linkages between industrial clusters and CSR in developing country contexts. Hence, the authors recommend that future work in this area should focus on conceptually developing and empirically testing ""cluster and CSR"" impact assessment methodologies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This will provide insights into whether joint CSR interventions in clusters bring about their intended consequences of improving economic, social, and environmental conditions in the South. Originality/value: This article is likely to be the first systematic review of the literature on industrial clusters and CSR in developing countries. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Collective action | Corporate social responsibility | Developing countries | Global value chains | Industrial clusters | Poverty reduction | Small to medium sized enterprises | Social development,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Review,"Lund-Thomsen, Peter;Pillay, Renginee G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029493285,10.1016/0377-2217(95)00224-3,Strands of practice in OR (the practitioner's dilemma),"This paper is a first step towards a different way of looking at the practice of OR, with implications for practitioners and researchers alike. We make two key observations: 1) Looking at how OR practitioners perform individual projects will not lead to a full understanding of how OR practitioners perform individual projects. Instead, one has to take into account the series of preceding projects by that same practitioner, to infer and understand his 'strand of practice'. 2) A practitioner's strand of practice is developed as the result of a learning process. Therefore, practitioners operating in different environments can have widely different strands of practice. Consequently, operationalizable guidelines about how to perform OR projects will have to include an indication of the strand(s) of practice for which they are valid. Our observations are based on an exploratory series of interviews with practitioners and their clients. © 1995.",OR practice | Professional,European Journal of Operational Research,1995-12-21,Article,"Corbett, Charles J.;Overmeer, Willem J.A.M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036721841,10.1016/S0360-8352(02)00123-7,Single machine scheduling to minimize total weighted late work,"In this research the problem of scheduling n jobs to minimize the Total Weighted Late Work (TWLW) is evaluated within the single machine context. As the problem complexity increases, so does the solution complexity, and often the objective is to identify a heuristic or algorithm that may return a near optimal solution. Various scheduling rules, heuristics and algorithms, including the weighted shortest processing rule, a variation of the modified due date rule, a genetic algorithm, neighborhood job search, and space smoothing with neighborhood job search, are empirically evaluated using different parameters to determine the utility of each approach. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",Algorithms | Heuristics | Scheduling | Single machine,Computers and Industrial Engineering,2002-01-01,Article,"Kethley, R. Bryan;Alidaee, Bahram",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908139545,10.1111/poms.12177,Designing efficient infrastructural investment and asset transfer mechanisms in humanitarian supply chains,"We analyze the efficacy of different asset transfer mechanisms and provide policy recommendations for the design of humanitarian supply chains. As a part of their preparedness effort, humanitarian organizations often make decisions on resource investments ex ante because doing so allows for rapid response if an adverse event occurs. However, programs typically operate under funding constraints and donor earmarks with autonomous decision-making authority resting with the local entities, which makes the design of efficient humanitarian supply chains a challenging problem. We formulate this problem in an agency setting with two independent aid programs, where different asset transfer mechanisms are considered and where investments in resources are of two types: primary resources that are needed for providing the aid and infrastructural investments that improve the operation of the aid program in using the primary resources. The primary resources are acquired from earmarked donations. We show that allowing aid programs the flexibility of transferring primary resources improves the efficiency of the system by yielding greater social welfare than when this flexibility does not exist. More importantly, we show that a central entity that can acquire primary resources from one program and sell them to the other program can further improve system efficiency by providing a mechanism that facilitates the transfer of primary resources and eliminates losses from gaming. This outcome is achieved without depriving the individual aid programs of their decision-making autonomy while maintaining the constraints under which they operate. We find that outcomes with centralized resource transfer but decentralized infrastructural investments by the aid programs are the same as with a completely centralized system (where both resource transfer and infrastructural investments are centralized).",asset transfer | humanitarian logistics | supply chain design,Production and Operations Management,2014-09-01,Article,"Bhattacharya, Shantanu;Hasija, Sameer;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028400765,10.1080/07408179408966591,Multi-item lotsizing in capacitated multi-stage serial systems,"This research deals with the capacitated, multi-item, multi-stage lotsizing problem for serial systems by examining the performance of heuristics found effective for the capacitated multiple-product, single-stage problem. The items have proportional processing requirements across stages; that is, if item 1 requires twice the processing time of item 2 at one stage, it requires twice the processing requirements at all other stages. The single-stage heuristics included in the study are; Dixon/Silver, Lambrecht/ Vanderveken, the Dogramaci, Panyiotopoulos and Adam (both single and multi-pass), and different versions of the ABC heuristic of Maes and Van Wassenhove. These heuristics have been altered in two ways. First, they allow for the inclusion of the cost modification procedures developed by Blackburn and Millen. Second, the feasibility routines have been modified to work in multi-stage environments. Both modifications attempt to coordinate decisions made across stages concerning lotsizes. Experiments were conducted to determine the relative performance of these methods. The experimental design factors include: the TBOs (or time between orders), the coefficient of variation of demand, the capacity available at each stage, the number of products, and the number of stages. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",,IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1994-01-01,Article,"Billington, Peter;Blackburn, Joseph;Maes, Johan;Millen, Robert;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A fully polynomial approximation scheme for scheduling a single machine to minimize total weighted late work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876324526,10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00528.x,Implementing individual producer responsibility for waste electrical and electronic equipment through improved financing,"Under the European Union (EU) Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment (WEEE) Directive, producers are responsible for financing the recycling of their products at end of life. A key intention of such extended producer responsibility (EPR) legislation is to provide economic incentives for producers to develop products that are easier to treat and recycle at end of life. Recent research has shown, however, that the implementation of EPR for WEEE has so far failed in this respect. Current WEEE systems calculate their prices according to simple mass-based allocation of costs to producers, based on broad collection categories containing a mixture of different product types and brands. This article outlines two alternative approaches, which instead calculate charges for products sold by producers by classifying them according to their eventual end-of-life treatment requirements and cost. Worked examples indicate that these methods provide both effective and efficient frameworks for financing WEEE, potentially delivering financial incentives to producers substantial enough to affect their potential profitability and, as a likely consequence, the decisions relating to the design of their products. In particular they fulfill three important criteria required by the WEEE Directive: they can financially reward improved design, allocate costs of historic waste proportionately (on the basis of tonnes of new products sold), and provide sufficient financial guarantees against future waste costs and liabilities. They are also relatively practical for implementation because they are based solely on cost allocation and financing. Further research and investigation would be worthwhile to test and verify this approach using real-world data and under various scenarios. © 2012 by Yale University.",Extended producer responsibility (EPR) | Industrial ecology | Producer responsibility organizations (PROs) | Recycling | Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) | Waste management,Journal of Industrial Ecology,2013-01-01,Article,"Mayers, Kieren;Lifset, Reid;Bodenhoefer, Karl;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Last mile vehicle supply chain in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0742323771,10.1287/inte.33.6.1.25185,Closed-loop supply chains: practice and potential,,,Interfaces,2003-01-01,Editorial,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023962498,10.1016/0377-2217(88)90167-1,Allocating work between an FMS and a conventional jobshop: A case study,This paper discusses a real-life production planning problem in a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) environment. The problem is to decide which products and in what quantities to produce on the FMS. The remainder of the production requirements can be produced in a conventional jobshop. It is shown how a rather simple linear programming model on microcomputer can be a valuable decision tool. It allows for easy evaluation of various objective functions and decision alternatives. Insights gathered using the LP model have led to the introduction of new part routings which have increased FMS throughout considerably. It is also shown how the LP model is used as a screening device to select strategies to be tested in a detailed simulation of the system. © 1988.,FMS | job shop | linear programming | Resource allocation,European Journal of Operational Research,1988-01-01,Article,"Avonts, Ludwig H.;Gelders, Ludo F.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865368205,10.1108/14720701211267847,Enabling healthcare services for the rural and semi-urban segments in India: when shared value meets the bottom of the pyramid,"Purpose: The access to high quality, a reliable and affordable basic healthcare service is one of the key challenges facing the rural and semi-urban population lying at base of the pyramid (BoP) in India. Realizing this as a social challenge and an economic opportunity (shared value), there has been an emergence of healthcare service providers who have bundled entrepreneurial attitude and passion with available scarce resources to design and implement cost-effective, reliable and scalable market solutions for the BoP. The purpose of this research paper is to understand the underlying operating principles of these self-sustainable business models aimed at providing healthcare services to the BoP segment in India. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical context involves the use of case study research methodology, where the source of data is published case studies and the company websites of four healthcare organizations who have made a socio-economic difference in the lives of the rural and semi-urban population lying at the BoP in India. Findings: The analysis and findings reflect the key operating principles for sustainable healthcare business ventures at the BoP. These include focus on 4A's (accessible, affordable, acceptable and awareness), local engagement, local skills building, learning by experiment, flexible organizational structure, dynamic leadership, technology integration and scalability. Research limitations/implications: This research study has focused mainly on the published case studies as source of data. Originality/value: The intent is to understand and bring forth the learning and guiding principles, which act as a catalyst for the future researchers and business ventures engaged in BoP context. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Base of the pyramid | Developing countries | Emerging markets | Low income markets | Poverty | Rural healthcare | Shared value,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Esposito, Mark;Kapoor, Amit;Goyal, Sandeep",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649476456,10.1016/j.im.2010.10.001,Total quality in software development: An empirical study of quality drivers and benefits in Indian software projects,"Building upon the software quality and productivity literature, we proposed a construct of development quality as the key determinant of software development productivity and product quality. We validated the model by analyzing software project data collected from a benchmarking consortium in India. Our empirical results showed that an increase in development quality was positively associated with increases in both, development productivity and product quality, while we controlled for the impact of other productivity and quality factors. Our work highlighted the importance of concentrating on quality efforts during the development process, which is consistent with the use of Total Quality principles in manufacturing. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All righs reserved.",Empirical study of software projects | Error rate | Quality control | Software Productivity | Software quality | Total quality management,Information and Management,2010-12-01,Article,"Rothenberger, Marcus A.;Kao, Yi Ching;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85076665769,10.1201/9781420095265-9,Environmental legislation on product take-back and recovery,,,Closed-Loop Supply Chains: New Developments to Improve the Sustainability of Business Practices,2010-04-21,Book Chapter,"Atasu, Atalay;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-62749192106,10.1016/j.omega.2008.12.009,Ethics in Operations Research and Management Sciences: A never-ending effort to combine rigor and passion,"From practice to theory, we introduce a state-of-the-art stream of papers that promotes an inclusive and complementary consideration of both analytical methods and ethical values in Operations Research and Management Sciences (OR/MS). We suggest a perspective according to which the consideration of ethics in OR/MS constitutes an enrichment of our discipline as well as a contribution to a more sustainable future in general. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Analytical methods | Codes of values | Complex systems | Ethical decision-making | Ethics | Ethics committees | Good practice | Institutions | Models | OR profession | Values conflict,Omega,2009-01-01,Article,"Le Menestrel, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865353586,10.1108/14720701211267883,Sustainable globalization and implications for strategic corporate and national sustainability,"Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to present a conceptual framework and a set of conditions within which nations and business can strive to embed sustainability in corporate/national strategy. The objective is to motivate business and national leaders to do so with sustainability mindsets and strategic leadership. The pre-conditions that will accelerate the ""motivation"" to do so are identified, as are interventions identified. The sphere of influence business and national leaders have to impact sustainable globalization is identified. Design/methodology/approach: The approach is to focus on information in the public domain that outlines the ""real"" challenges faced by nations and business as they consider the need for sustainability and key issues such as ""poverty and climate change"", which if not addressed could have detrimental strategic implications for the planet, business and nations. The changes that have taken place since 1982 when global leaders signed up to Agenda 21 and the relatively insignificant movement that has occurred to date is outlined to strengthen the case for quantum leaps in the short to medium term. The strategic framework recommended is one that combines the need for organizations to set a new gold standard for ""corporate responsibility"", which is a ""commitment to sustainable business"" followed by a commitment to differentiating the business or nation on a sustainability paradigm. This is presented as means to embedding sustainability in strategy in the form of the concept of ""strategic corporate sustainability"". The concept of strategic corporate sustainability is presented as a two-step approach that initially requires both national and corporate leaders to commit to the need for sustainability by developing triple bottom line strategies. This is followed by the need to embed sustainability strategy as the corporate strategy that differentiates the nation and the business, strategically setting it apart from those that have not done so. This is presented as one of the ways to move forward to achieve the goal of sustainable globalization. Findings: The key findings from information in the public domain of nations and business that have embedded a sustainability policy and are demonstrating that enlightened leaders who have sustainability mindsets as a primary requirement for the future are presented with the examples of General Electric and Unilever. The process of nations embedding sustainability policy, which in turn motivates business to strive for sustainable business, which finally leads to sustainable consumption, is presented in a sequential manner. Originality/value: The originality of the paper is in the form of the concept of strategic corporate sustainability, which was first mooted in 2008 at Cambridge University and has since been accepted as a key subject and elective for MBA and AMP programs between 2008 and 2012 at many business schools, confirming both its validity and its originality. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Corporate social responsibility | Strategic corporate sustainability | Strategic national sustainability | Sustainable business | Sustainable consumption | Sustainable development | Sustainable globalization | Sustainable policy,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Fernando, Ravi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Corporate responses to humanitarian disasters: The mutual benefits of private-humanitarian cooperation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0020764351,10.1057/jors.1983.116,Capacitated lot sizing for injection moulding: a case study,"This paper considers the medium-term production smoothing problem for the injection moulding department of a Belgian firm. The problem is formulated as a series of one machine capacitated dynamic lot sizing problems, which are then solved by heuristic procedures. Computational results for real-life data are presented. It follows that the capacitated lot sizing approach succeeds in smoothing production such that subcontracting, which was often necessary with the E.O.Q. approach used by the firm, could be avoided in the future. Moreover, total set-up andinventory costs are reduced by about 20%. © 1983 Operational Research Society Ltd.",,Journal of the Operational Research Society,1983-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;De Bodt, Marc A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Understanding exploration and exploitation in changing operating routines: The influence of industry and organizational traits,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Branch and bound algorithms for single-machinescheduling with batch set-up times to minimizetotal weighted completion time,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030527247,10.1016/S0263-2373(96)00051-5,Measuring management quality in the factory,"The last decade has seen a growing consensus that manufacturing matters. The factory as the producing unit is the core of the firm's manufacturing activities. However, even now, it is not agreed on or even fully understood what constitutes a well-managed factory. This article attempts to create a causal model of management quality in the plant, identifying key managerial levers for improving plant performance. The model is based on an integrated view of three core processes: supply chain, product and process development, and strategy deployment. We postulate that the joint performance of the three processes is determined by the quality with which they are managed. Management quality is operationalized as consisting of six types of action: delegation (or decentralization), integration (or coordination), measurement, employee participation, communication, and employee development. This management quality model has been applied to the design of the Top Usine 1995 Best Factory Award administered in cooperation with the French weekly L'Usine Nouvelle. Data collected from participating plants do substantiate our view that plant performance is substantially driven by management quality: the six management quality dimensions are shown to be statistically linked to performance improvement rates in the plant, and we provide further evidence of this link by detailing the case example of the award winner. Our survey also shows that supply management appears to be a common problem area for the factories participating in the Top Usine award, including the best ones. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.",,European Management Journal,1996-01-01,Article,"De Groote, Xavier;Loch, Christoph;Van Der Heyden, Ludo;Van Wassenhove, Luk;Yücesan, Enver",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0017994591,10.1016/0377-2217(78)90043-7,Four solution techniques for a general one machine scheduling problem: A comparative study,"Gelders and Kleindorfer suggested a generalized detailed scheduling cost structure, based on the sum of weighted tardiness and weighted flowtime. They solved the single-machine scheduling problem using a transportation scheme to obtain lower bounds in their branch and bound approach. Recently, Fisher, Baker, Rinnooy Kan and Srinivasan reported attractive computation times with general algorithms adapted to the total tardiness problem for the single-machine case. In this paper four algorithms are adapted to the generalized cost structure mentioned above and extensive computational results are presented. This investigation shows that much is to be expected from the dual approach for more complex scheduling problems while dynamic programming deserves a new research effort because of its efficiency in special structured problems and/or problems where a posteriori precedence relations (dominance criteria) can be developed. © 1978.",,European Journal of Operational Research,1978-01-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, L.;Gelders, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Quantitative approaches to distribution logistics and supply chain management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84859098537,10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.001262.x,Lifecycle pricing for installed base management with constrained capacity and remanufacturing,"Installed base management is the policy in which the manufacturer leases the product to consumers, and bundles repair and maintenance services along with the product. In this article, we investigate for the optimal leasing price and leasing duration decisions by a monopolist when the production and servicing capacity are constrained. The effect of diffusion of consumers in the installed base is considered, with the ownership of the product resting with the monopolist during the product lifecycle. The monopolist operating the installed base jointly optimizes the profits from leasing the product/service bundle along with maintenance revenues and remanufacturing savings. We formulate the manufacturer's problem as an optimal control problem and show that the optimal pricing strategy of the firm should be a skimming strategy. We also find that the effect of remanufacturing savings on the pricing decision and the length of the leasing duration changes significantly depending on the duration of the product's lifecycle. If the product lifecycle is long and remanufacturing savings are low, the firm should offer a shorter leasing duration, whereas if the remanufacturing savings are high, the firm should optimally offer a higher leasing duration. In contrast, if the time duration of the product lifecycle is low and remanufacturing savings are low, the firm prefers to offer a shorter leasing duration, whereas if the remanufacturing savings are high, the firm should optimally have a longer leasing duration. The article also shows that if the production capacity is small, the manufacturer increases the leasing duration. If the production capacity is very small, the manufacturer sets the leasing duration to be equal to the product lifecycle and does not use remanufacturing. © 2011 Production and Operations Management Society.",installed base management | lifecycle pricing | operational leasing | product/service bundle | remanufacturing,Production and Operations Management,2012-03-01,Article,"Robotis, Andreas;Bhattacharya, Shantanu;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Introduction,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030788705,10.1007/BF02441378,Optimizing environmental product life cycles,"In this paper, we propose a methodology, based on materials accounting and operational research techniques, to assess different industry configurations according to their life cycle environmental impacts. Rather than evaluating a specific technology, our methodology searches for the feasible configuration with the minimum impact. This approach allows us to address some basic policy-relevant questions regarding technology choice, investment priorities, industrial structures, and international trade patterns. We demonstrate the methodology in the context of the European pulp and paper industry. We are able to show that current environmental policy's focus on maximizing recycling is optimal now, but that modest improvements in primary pulping technology may shift the optimal industry configuration away from recycling toward more primary pulping with incineration. We show that this will have significant implications for the amount and type of environmental damage, for the location of different stages in the production chain, and for trade between European member states. We caution policy makers that their single-minded focus on recycling may foreclose investment in technologies that could prove environmentally superior. Finally, we hint that member state governments may be fashioning their environmental policy positions at least in part on some of the trade and industrial implications we find.",environment-trade conflict | environmental policy | geography of production | life cycle | optimization | pulp and paper | recycling | technology lock-in,Environmental and Resource Economics,1997-01-01,Article,"Weaver, Paul M.;Gabel, H. Landis;Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Quantitative models for reverse logistics decision making,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887880373,10.1525/cmr.2013.56.1.24,The agenda-setting power of stakeholder media,"Media controlled by stakeholder communities and groups, or ""stakeholder media,"" can exercise powerful influence on the strategic agendas of firms. Stakeholder media can be different and in some ways stronger than the infuence of traditional news media. This article identifies strategies through which stakeholder groups use their own media to achieve desired outcomes, as support for or extensions of strategies known from the literature on social movements. These strategies rely on specific characteristics of stakeholder media that differ from mainstream media. These communication tools have altered the dynamics of stakeholder infuence: on the one hand, allowing them greater independence from and infuential collaboration with mainstream media as well as with other stakeholders; and on the other, augmenting the scope and momentum of their adversarial campaigns. There are important risks and opportunities posed to organizations by stakeholder media. © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.",Agenda-setting | Beyond petroleum | Bp | Corporate social responsibility | Financial times | Greenpeace | Mainstream media | Media | Msm | News media | Social movements | Stakeholder | Stakeholder media | Stakeholder-controlled media,California Management Review,2013-01-01,Article,"Hunter, Mark Lee;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Besiou, Maria;Van Halderen, Mignon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0003179151,10.1016/0272-6963(85)90032-4,Comparison of exact and approximate methods of solving the uncapacitated plant location problem,"This study was prompted by a recently published article in this journal on facility location by D. R. Sule. We show that the claim made by Sule of a novel and extremely simple algorithm yielding optimum solutions is not true. Otherwise, the algorithm would represent a breakthrough in decision-making for which a number of notoriously hard problems could be efficiently recast as location problems and easily solved. In addition, several variants of common location problems addressed by Sule are reviewed. In the last twenty years, many methods of accurately solving these problems have been proposed. In spite of their increased sophistication and efficiency, none of them claims to be a panacea. Therefore, researchers have concurrently developed a battery of fast but approximate solution techniques. Sule's method was essentially proposed by Kuehn and Hamburger in 1963, and has been adapted many times since. We exhibit several examples (including the one employed by Sule) in which Sule's algorithms lead to nonoptimal solutions. We present computational results on problems of size even greater than those utilized by Sule, and show that a method devised by Erlenkotter is both faster and yields better results. In a cost-benefit analysis of exact and approximate methods, we conclude that planning consists of generating an array of corporate scenarios, submitting them to the ""optimizing black box,"" and evaluating their respective merits. Therefore, much is to be gained by eliminating the vagaries of the black box-that is, by using an exact method-even if the data collection and the model representation introduce sizable inaccuracies. Ironically, large problems (those that typically require most attention) cannot be solved exactly in acceptable computational times. Pending the imminent design of a new generation of exact algorithms, the best heuristics are those that guarantee a certain degree of accuracy of their solutions. © 1986.",,Journal of Operations Management,1985-01-01,Article,"Thizy, Jean Michel;van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Khumawala, Basheer M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865375207,10.1108/14720701211267829,Value-added reporting as a tool for sustainability: A Latin American experience,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a collection of ongoing experiences with a value-added reporting model in Latin America, positing its pertinence with regards to CSR accountability. Design/methodology/approach: The paper utilises a qualitative methodology in which a series of semi-structured telephone interviews and/or e-mail questionnaires with managers from six reporting companies in Latin America (Chile, Colombia, Uruguay) was conducted. The fact that one of the authors of this paper created the reporting model facilitated easier access to company managers and a deeper understanding of each situation. A literature review from European, US and Latin American sources provides a framework for discussion. Findings: The paper illustrates how value-added statements (which are based on conventional financial accounting) can provide relevant information for CSR accountability. The variety of experiences shown (different industries and diverse company ownership in separate countries) may suggest the wide potential of this reporting model. Research limitations/implications: As the paper deals with a recent, ongoing experience (this model has been in use for the last six years only), the results have to be treated with caution. Even though many firms are interested in adopting this value-added model, there are currently fewer than 20 reporting firms using it. Social implications: The paper aims to position value distribution and its accountability as relevant issues in CSR, particularly for developing countries. In addition, such an intuitive model might more easily reach the general public, something that rarely happens with conventional CSR reporting models. Originality/value: This is the first academic paper that demonstrates the application of this reporting model (though the authors already published a practitioner-oriented article in Spanish). Furthermore, there are few documented cases of value-added reporting experiences in emerging markets, particularly in Latin America. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Accounting | Corporate social responsibility | Financial reporting | Latin America | Social reporting | Sustainability | Value-added statements,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Aldama, Luis Perer;Zicari, Adrián",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Individual producer responsibility: A review of practical approaches to implementing individual producer responsibility for the WEEE Directive,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Disruptive news technologies: Stakeholder media and the future of watchdog journalism business models,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865351141,10.1108/14720701211267775,Business and development: making sense of business as a development agent,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for understanding and analysing business's role as a development actor, and the distinction between development tool and development agent. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents a theoretical analysis based on secondary data and empirical research. Findings: Business has various roles to play in the social and economic development of poorer countries, but are all of them equally important and laudable? Mainstream economics has long held that the private sector is essential to economic prosperity, and this has led policy-makers and neoliberal thinkers to treat it as a tool for development. But under what circumstances does business go beyond acting out its assigned role as a tool of development to become what this article calls a ""development agent"" - something that consciously strives to deliver, and moreover be held to account for, developmental outcomes? Research limitations/implications: The article presents a framework for a more structured approach to further empirical research, but does not claim to apply that framework in empirical situations. Social implications: Despite the considerable literature advocating why business should be a development agent, much less attention has been paid to two more fundamental questions: whether and under what circumstances business will take on such a role; and what being a development agent means. These are the central questions of this article. Answering them enables business practitioners, policy-makers and academics to predict more accurately when business engagement is likely to deliver genuine development value and be sustainable, and hence when it is a worthwhile business, advocacy or policy objective. It also enables improved decision-making by non-private sector partners such as development agencies and NGOs. Originality/value: The article addresses the above questions in turn with reference to empirical research by the author over nearly two decades, and both the corporate responsibility and the international development literature. It discusses what being a genuine development agent means, and provides a framework for understanding the business-poverty relationship based on business as a cause, a victim, and a solution in international development terms. It concludes with a discussion of how well business is performing as a development agent, and the future potential and limitations of this role. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Bottom of the pyramid | Corporate responsibility | Economic development | International development | Poverty | Social enterprise | Social responsibility,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Blowfield, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ERP competence-building mechanisms: an exploratory investigation of configurations of ERP adopters in the European and US manufacturing sectors,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of limited component durability and finite life cycles on remanufacturing profit,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Strategic Decentralization of Reverse Channels and Prince Discrimination Through Buyback Payments,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84889571197,10.1007/s10551-013-1956-z,A web of watchdogs: Stakeholder media networks and agenda-setting in response to corporate initiatives,"This article seeks to model the agenda-setting strategies of stakeholders equipped with online and other media in three cases involving protests against multinational corporations (MNCs). Our theoretical objective is to widen agenda-setting theory to a dynamic and nonlinear networked stakeholder context, in which stakeholder-controlled media assume part of the role previously ascribed to mainstream media (MSM). We suggest system dynamics (SD) methodology as a tool to analyse complex stakeholder interactions and the effects of their agendas on other stakeholders. We find that largely similar dynamics of interactions occur among stakeholders in these cases, and that the costs for managements of maintaining their agendas steadily rises. We conclude that the ""web of watchdogs"" comprises a powerful reason for managers to engage in responsibility negotiations with their stakeholders. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",Agenda-setting | Media | Stakeholder | Stakeholder media | System dynamics,Journal of Business Ethics,2013-12-01,Article,"Besiou, Maria;Hunter, Mark Lee;van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921840041,10.1007/s11573-012-0643-3,Complex problems with multiple stakeholders: how to bridge the gap between reality and OR/MS?,"The world becomes increasingly complex and problems tend to be broader and multidisciplinary. At the same time, OR/MS research seems to be narrowing down, building even more on analytical models. The flip side is the risk that OR/MS is increasingly diverging from reality and that its dominant paradigm becomes insufficient to guide us in understanding and solving complicated real-world problems. A methodology that allows a broader insight into exploring a complex system’s behaviour is urgently needed to guide OR/MS analytical models. We propose system dynamics as a methodology to link reality with the dominant OR/MS paradigm of narrowly focused and highly analytical models.",Complexity | Management science | Operations research | System dynamics,Journal of Business Economics,2013-02-01,Article,"Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Besiou, Maria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865392403,10.1108/14720701211267766,A new era of development: the changing role and responsibility of business in developing countries,"A new era for development is needed and business needs to play a significant role in this era. This paper aims to provide insights into the necessary conditions for such a new era of development and specifically the potential contribution of business and academia. This explorative study is based on expert interviews and the summary of the discussion of the EABIS Colloquium 2011 (“Corporate Responsibility and Developing Countries”). Innovative companies are moving from building “shareholder value” to “shared value” for all stakeholders; from “quarterly capitalism” to “longterm capitalism”. They are also providing resources, open access systems and capital to entrepreneurs and communities to support technology and knowledge transfers. Companies that integrate future development concerns into their business model will be ideally placed to secure longterm licences to operate, develop loyal new consumer bases, and innovate in new market segments. The methodology only allows preliminary findings for now. More research (also on the ground) will be needed to identify the necessary strategies business has to adopt to play a potent role in a new era for development. The paper is based on a rich set of data and combines these findings with the thinking of the EABIS Colloquium 2011. It can be the basis for future research. © 2012, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Africa | Asia | Corporate governance | Corporate responsibility | Developing countries | Governance | Social responsibility | Sustainable development,Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society,2012-08-03,Article,"Lenssen, Gilbert;Lenssen, JorisJohann;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Transportation and vehicle fleet management in humanitarian logistics: challenges for future research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-17444431588,10.1007/s10951-005-6365-4,Branch and bound algorithms for single machine scheduling with batching to minimize the number of late jobs,"This paper considers the problem of scheduling a single machine to minimize the number of late jobs in the presence of sequence-independent family set-up times. The jobs are partitioned into families, and a set-up time is required at the start of each batch, where a batch is a maximal set of jobs in the same family that are processed consecutively. We design branch and bound algorithms that have several alternative features. Lower bounds can be derived by relaxing either the set-up times or the due dates. A first branching scheme uses a forward branching rule with a depth-first search strategy. Dominance criteria, which determine the order of the early jobs within each family and the order of the batches containing early jobs, can be fully exploited in this scheme. A second scheme uses a ternary branching rule in which the next job is fixed to be early and starting a batch, to be early and not starting a batch, or to be late. The different features are compared on a large set of test problems, where the number of jobs ranges from 30 to 50 and the number of families ranges from 4 to 10. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.",Batches | Branch and bound | Families | Scheduling | Set-up time | Single machine,Journal of Scheduling,2005-04-01,Article,"Crauwels, H. A.J.;Potts, C. N.;Van Oudheusden, D.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Inventory control for joint manufacturing and remanufacturing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR at wORk: Practical experiences of operational research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Vehicle procurement policy for humanitarian development programs,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An operational mechanism design for fleet management coordination in humanitarian operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Using OR to support humanitarian operations: Learning from the Haiti earthquake,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042384303,10.1016/0377-2217(95)00064-W,Decentralization of responsibility for site decontamination projects: A budget allocation approach,"A major problem currently confronting central governments is how to optimally allocate resources for decontamination of polluted sites. 'Optimally' here refers to obtaining maximum environmental benefits with the limited resources available. An important issue in budget allocation is that of decentralization, given the magnitude of the information flows between regional and central level necessary in a fully centralized approach. This paper investigates the use of mathematical programming models to support allocation procedures to obtain maximum environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency. We consider the situation where regional authorities provide limited, summary information to the central government, which then allocates budgets. The central government aims to maximize total environmental benefits, subject to a central budget constraint (and constraints on other resources). The problem can be formulated as a mixed integer programming problem, but the size of the problem precludes the search for optimal solutions. We present an effective heuristic and include computational results on its performance. © 1995.",Decomposition | Dynamic programming | Environment | Integer programming,European Journal of Operational Research,1995-10-05,Article,"Corbett, Charles J.;Debets, Frank J.C.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,How green is your manufacturing strategy?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3342918619,10.1007/BF02601498,"A modular simulator for design, planning, and control of flexible manufacturing systems","Flexible manufacturing systems are designed to produce a variety of different part types with high machine utilisation, short lead times and little work-in-progress inventory. Simulation is an efficient tool to verify design concepts, to select machinery, to evaluate alternative configurations and to test system control strategies of an FMS. This paper discusses a general-purpose, user-oriented discrete simulator (the Modular FMS Simulator) which can be used for design as well as for operation and scheduling of FMSs. The package can be implemented in different hierarchical steps of FMS production planning. It is also a useful tool in validating the results of analytical models or heuristic procedures developed for FMS problems. This package contains features for the system hardware and the control hierarchy. The model can study multiple part families, various station types, different number of work-in-process buffers and carts and almost any system layout. It is also possible to analyse the performance of the system. The package contains a set of decision rules from which the user can make his choice. © 1988 IFS Publications.",,The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,1988-02-01,Article,"Montazeri, M.;Gelders, L. F.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84900484853,10.1111/poms.12071,On the preference to avoid ex post inventory errors,"The value of demand information underlies many supply chain strategies that aim at better matching supply and demand. This study reports on the results of a laboratory experiment designed to estimate the behavioral value of demand information. Relative to the commonly assumed benchmark of a rational risk-neutral decision maker, we find that decision makers are consistently willing to pay too much for the option to eliminate the risk of supply not matching demand. Contrary to intuition, we show that risk aversion does not explain this result. We posit that demand information provides behavioral value because it mitigates regret from ex post inventory errors. © 2013 Production and Operations Management Society.",inventory error regret | newsvendor decisions | risk aversion | value of demand information,Production and Operations Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Kremer, Mirko;Minner, Stefan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34848923362,10.1108/17410400710823642,Benchmarking the competitiveness of industrial sectors: Application in textiles,"Purpose - The paper aims to present a clear methodological path for assessing the competitiveness of a specific industrial sector with the use of the Industrial Excellence Award (IEA) model. The paper introduces the concepts evaluated by the IEA model and addresses the ways with which varied management data may be analyzed in order to provide useful insights for improvement in industrial processes such as new product and process development, supply chain management, strategy formulation and deployment. Design/methodology/approach - Sixty European textile companies provided information concerning their business processes over the course of three years in accordance with the Industrial Excellence Award (IEA) model developed by INSEAD Business Schools. Subsequently, the textile industry companies were compared with 73 excellence-driven European manufacturers which either won or distinguished themselves in the award competition during the same time period. The management information from both datasets was treated with the proper statistical tools (according to their nature) in order to attain secure and minimally biased conclusions. Findings - The benchmarking process revealed the areas in which the textile sector was lagging behind the excellence-driven manufacturers. Furthermore, it detected their differences in specific measures of industrial management and business mentality. On a theoretical level, the analysis verified the general reliability of the IEA model's scales, aiming at assessing abstract management constructs while fine tuning them. Research limitations/implications - The thorough inspection of the textile companies' performance attributes and characteristics has identified many of the sector's shortcomings that merit further investigation. Practical implications - The results of the analysis served as valuable feedback to textile managers aiming at bettering their industrial processes in many ways, such as benchmarking their performance against their sector or other sectors, and observing trends that managers from other sectors are putting effort into in order to improve their performance. Originality/value - The paper provides a clear-cut methodology for the understanding and statistical analysis of multifaceted industrial management data included in excellence models. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Benchmarking | Business excellence | Europe | Textile industry,International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,2007-10-08,Article,"Bilalis, Nikolaos;Alvizos, Emmanuel;Tsironis, Lukas;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34147132303,10.1007/3-540-27251-8_14,Cellular telephone reuse: the ReCellular Inc. case,"Founded in 1991 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, by Charles Newman, ReCellular Inc., further denoted by ReCellular, is one of the leading traders of used and remanufactured cellular telephones, further denoted as cell phones. In the initial days of inception, when cell phones were an expensive consumer product (average prices were $3000), Newman leased cell phones as an alternative to buying. In the following years, it became increasingly clear that there was a distinct market for used and remanufactured cell phones, provided the product had an acceptable level of quality. Charles Newman sensed an opportunity in this emerging trend and decided to enter the remanufactured cell phones market. The company's wide range of remanufactured product offerings at high levels of quality and at attractive prices soon created a huge market. By 2000, ReCellular had remanufactured over 1.3 million cell phones of all makes and technologies and had operations around the globe including South America, the Far East, Western Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and North America. The company had ambitious plans of increasing its geographic reach. As Newman put it, ""We want to be the 'first in the second' wireless exchange business."" Specific data on the efficiency of the reuse systems (i.e. how much of the new cellular telephones sold were reused in one form or another) was not readily available. However, industry experts believe that remanufactured and reused as-is cellular phones made up at least 5-8% of the total worldwide market. © Springer Berlin · Heidelberg 2005.",,Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains,2005-12-01,Book Chapter,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Neeraj, Kumar;Newman, Charles;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operational research in reverse logistics: some recent contributions,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33748309117,10.1287/mnsc.1060.0522,Time value of commercial product returns,"Manufacturers and their distributors must cope with an increased flow of returned products from their customers. The value of commercial product returns, which we define as products returned for any reason within 90 days of sale, now exceeds $100 billion annually in the United States. Although the reverse supply chain of returned products represents a sizeable flow of potentially recoverable assets, only a relatively small fraction of the value is currently extracted by manufacturers; a large proportion of the product value erodes away because of long processing delays. Thus, there are significant opportunities to build competitive advantage from making the appropriate reverse supply chain design choices. In this paper, we present a network flow with delay models that includes the marginal value of time to identify the drivers of reverse supply chain design. We illustrate our approach with specific examples from two companies in different industries and then examine how industry clockspeed generally affects the choice between an efficient and a responsive returns network. © 2006 INFORMS.",Closed-loop supply chains | Commercial product returns | Queueing models | Reverse supply chain design | Time value,Management Science,2006-09-11,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Souza, Gilvan C.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Blackburn, Joseph D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Industrial Excellence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84958114252,10.1111/poms.12427,Temporary hubs for the global vehicle supply chain in humanitarian operations,"We model the global vehicle supply chain of an International Humanitarian Organization (IHO) with a dynamic hub location model across monthly periods. We use actual vehicle data from the International Federation of the Red Cross to feed our model and provide insights into IHO secondary support demand. We find that secondary support demand for items such as vehicles is different from primary beneficiary demand for items such as water and food. When considering disaster response and development program demand simultaneously (disaster cycle management), our results illustrate that keeping a lean centralized hub configuration with an option for temporary hubs in mega disaster locations can reduce overall supply chain costs over a long time horizon. We also show that it is possible to structure a supply chain to take operational advantage of earmarked funding. This research lays the groundwork for using optimization models to analyze disaster cycle management.",disaster cycle management | dynamic hub location | earmarked funding | humanitarian logistics,Production and Operations Management,2016-02-01,Article,"Stauffer, Jon M.;Pedraza-Martinez, Alfonso J.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940956577,10.1111/poms.12375,Addressing the Challenge of Modeling for Decision‐Making in Socially Responsible Operations,"Companies seek sustainability by combining the quest for profitability with the pursuit of social responsibility. Since socially responsible operations are characterized by the presence of multiple stakeholders with conflicting goals, applying classical optimization models would seem premature; we first need to capture the behavior of the entire system before attempting to optimize sub-systems to ensure that we focus on the ones driving the behavior of interest. Alternative methodologies are required if we are to gain insight into the most important drivers of socially responsible operations in order to apply traditional operations research (OR)/management science (MS) models correctly. This study presents an umbrella approach which combines different methodologies to tackle the complexity, unfamiliar context, and counter-intuitive behavior of socially responsible operations at the overall system level.",management science | operations research | socially responsible operations | stakeholders,Production and Operations Management,2015-09-01,Review,"Besiou, Maria;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902549696,10.1111/poms.12109,A school feeding supply chain framework: critical factors for sustainable program design,"School feeding is an established development aid intervention with multiple objectives including education, nutrition, and value transfer. Traditionally run by international organizations in low-income settings, school feeding programs have had a substantial impact in many less-developed countries. However, recent rethinking by the World Bank and the World Food Programme has prompted a shift toward long-term, sustainable solutions that rely more upon local resources, local capacity, and community participation. Supply chain management, which is critical to program delivery, is vital to developing a sustainable approach to school feeding. We propose a theoretical framework that identifies the internal and external factors that shape the supply chain and connects them to the objectives and performance measures of sustainable programs. Drawing upon supply chain management theory, current school feeding practices, and expert feedback, this article contributes to development aid logistics and program transitioning with a focus on sustainable program design. It aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to school feeding and relevant supply chain issues, a framework to identify sustainability problems in school feeding supply chains, and a starting point for further research on program design. © 2013 Production and Operations Management Society.",framework | humanitarian supply chain | school feeding | sustainability,Production and Operations Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Kretschmer, Andreas;Spinler, Stefan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84926394052,10.1108/JHLSCM-10-2012-0033,Exploring the link between the humanitarian logistician and training needs,"Purpose – The aim of this paper is to evaluate job profiles in humanitarian logistics, and assess current task priorities in light of further training and educational needs. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents findings from a survey among humanitarian logistics practitioners and compares these to other studies in this area. It uses econometric models to evaluate the impact of managerial responsibilities in training needs, usage of time and previous training. Findings – The results show that the skills required in humanitarian logistics seem to follow the T-shaped skills model from Mangan and Christopher when looking at training wanted and time usage. Research limitations/implications – Survey respondents being members of the Humanitarian Logistics Association (HLA) may be more interested in developing the humanitarian logistics profession than other populations. Originality/value – This paper offers an insight in the specific skill requirements of humanitarian logisticians from members of the HLA and allows to understand which type of skills are linked to managerial responsibilities. The paper also establishes a link between logistics skill models and career progressions overall.",Career path | Education | Humanitarian logistics | Logistics skills | Training,Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management,2013-10-21,Article,"Marie Allen, Ann;Kovács, Gyöngyi;Masini, Andrea;Vaillancourt, Alain;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Extended producer responsibility: Stakeholder concerns and future developments,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84872286857,10.54648/eelr2012023,Greening the economy through design incentives: Allocating extended producer responsibility,,,European Energy and Environmental Law Review,2012-01-01,Article,"Kalimo, Harri;Lifset, Reid;van Rossem, Chris;van Wassenhove, Luk;Atasu, Atalay;Mayers, Kieren",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000561940,10.1080/09537289108919350,Functionalities of production-inventory control systems,"We consider three well-known production-inventory control systems: Material Requirements Planning, Just-In-Time and Bottleneck Scheduling. Each system was developed with a specific production environment in mind, and it would therefore be naïve to assume that these systems apply to any situation. Most factories would benefit from a hybrid system which carefully weighs functionalities from different systems to fit the problem at hand. In this paper we discuss functionalities required from production-inventory control systems, and show how the three generic systems mentioned above satisfy these requirements. We then proceed by suggesting the core characteristics of a hybrid system. © 1991 Taylor and Francis Ltd.",,Production Planning and Control,1991-01-01,Article,"Maes, J.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890565084,10.1080/00207543.2013.849827,Searching for the grey swans: the next 50 years of production research,"The International Journal of Production Research has successfully navigated through its first 50 years while remaining truthful to its initial editorial goals of publishing interdisciplinary work that is both relevant and rigorous. Will the journal be equally successful in the decades to come? Surely, the world has gone through huge changes and we now are part of global interconnected networks that make us vulnerable to new or at least unfamiliar phenomena. We have added expressions like black swans to our lexicon. The world has experienced both natural tsunami and business tsunami, which we term grey swans. This article describes characteristics of these grey swan business tsunami and argues that our current dominant toolkit of parsimonious analytical models may fall short of passing the test of interdisciplinary work that is both relevant and rigorous. IJPR needs to reflect upon what type of papers to encourage to keep on its original course and provides answers on how to deal with todays grey swans. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",Empirical study | Modelling | Supply chain dynamics | Supply chain management,International Journal of Production Research,2013-11-01,Article,"Akkermans, Henk A.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33745868341,10.1108/13683040610652195,An analysis of European textile sector competitiveness,"Purpose - The European Union (EU) clothing and textile industries are characterized by very intense international competition. EU producers face fierce competition from exports of new industrialized countries whose low wages and social charges give them a considerable competitive advantage. This paper seeks to present the results of an analysis of the European textile sector competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach - The analysis is based on an industrial excellence (IE) model developed by INSEAD. This model has been used for the last ten years in an annual award (IEA), given out in France and Germany. This time the model was used not for giving an award, but for assessing and analyzing the current status of industrial excellence in the textile sector. For this reason a sample of textile companies from three European countries was used and results of the analysis are presented. The textile companies that participated in the analysis were benchmarked against the technologically advanced IEA sample consisting of companies from various industries, which participated in the competition during the last three years. Findings - Key performance indicators of the textile sector are analyzed, including quality, flexibility, supply chain management, strategy formulation and strategy implementation. Significant improvement potential, especially in the areas of human resource management and knowledge management, is indicated. Research limitations/implications - Provides a methodology for employing the IE approach in their operation. Also provides a methodology for analyzing sector performance and new areas of differentiation in the European textile sector. Practical implications - The results of the analysis were used to define customized IE training in order to promote expertise in IE in textiles and improve competitiveness of the sector. Originality/value - The IEA model is used for the first time, not for giving an award, but as an IE assessment tool which can assist managers both of textile companies and intermediary bodies. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Business excellence | Greece | Italy | Spain | Textile industry,Measuring Business Excellence,2006-07-17,Article,"Bilalis, Nicholas;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Maravelakis, Emmanuel;Enders, Andreas;Moustakis, Vassilis;Antoniadis, Aristomenis",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34147128672,10.1007/3-540-27251-8_8,Commercial returns of printers: the HP case,"The imaging and printing solutions group (IPG) was one of the biggest business units of the Palo Alto, California,-based Hewlett Packard (HP), accounting for $20 billion of its $42.4 billion in revenue in 1999 and the majority of its profits. HP was the market leader in virtually every category of imaging and printing solutions related product. Some of the products of the IPG group included Liquid Inkjet, Laserjet, and other imaging solutions such as scanners and cameras. © Springer Berlin · Heidelberg 2005.",,Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains,2005-12-01,Book Chapter,"Davey, Sylvia;Guide, V. Daniel R.;Neeraj, Kumar;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030434155,10.1002/(sici)1099-0836(199609)5:3<156::aid-bse64>3.0.co;2-o,LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS AND POLICY OPTIONS: THE CASE OF-THE EUROPEAN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY,"Environmental policy-making is becoming increasingly significant in influencing competitive structures and international trade patterns. Concerns are that policy-making may lock in inappropriate technologies and that the policy process may be manipulated for industrial or trading advantage. Using fibre recycling in the European pulp and paper sector as a case study, it is shown how these concerns are manifest and also that materials accounting and operational research techniques exist to mitigate them. It is concluded that there is a need to establish agreed environmental impact evaluation methodologies to provide guidance on the robustness of policy-making and a basis for consistent, predictable and defensible policy-making.",,Business Strategy and the Environment,1996-01-01,Article,"Gabel, H. L.;Weaver, P. M.;Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J. M.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953101218,10.2118/138977-ms,Environmental issues and operations strategy,"This paper will summarize key environmental and regulatory issues associated with Shale Gas development in major shale plays in the United States, actions taken by environmental non-governmental organizations, government, and industry on these issues (including mitigation strategies). Further, the paper will present the current and future pictures of these issues and the applicability of these issues to Shale Gas development in Canada. Copyright 2010, Society of Petroleum Engineers.",,Society of Petroleum Engineers - Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference 2010,2010-01-01,Conference Paper,"Arthur, J. Daniel;Coughlin, B. J.;Bohm, B. K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982189679,10.1016/j.jom.2016.06.003,Empirically grounded research in humanitarian operations management: The way forward,,,Journal of Operations Management,2016-07-01,Editorial,"Pedraza-Martinez, Alfonso J.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Total-cost procurement auctions with sustainability audits to inform bid markups,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879024010,10.1111/disa.12012,On the use of evidence in humanitarian logistics research,"This paper presents the reflections of the authors on the differences between the language and the approach of practitioners and academics to humanitarian logistics problems. Based on a long-term project on fleet management in the humanitarian sector, involving both large international humanitarian organisations and academics, it discusses how differences in language and approach to such problems may create a lacuna that impedes trust. In addition, the paper provides insights into how academic research evidence adapted to practitioner language can be used to bridge the gap. When it is communicated appropriately, evidence strengthens trust between practitioners and academics, which is critical for long-term projects. Once practitioners understand the main trade-offs included in academic research, they can supply valuable feedback to motivate new academic research. Novel research problems promote innovation in the use of traditional academic methods, which should result in a win-win situation: relevant solutions for practice and advances in academic knowledge. © 2013 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2013.",Applied research | Fleet management | Humanitarian logistics,Disasters,2013-07-01,Article,"Pedraza-Martinez, Alfonso J.;Stapleton, Orla;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865364743,10.1108/14720701211267793,Institutional analysis to understand the growth of microfinance institutions in West African economic and monetary union,"Purpose: The extent to which microfinance succeeds varies greatly even among countries. The paper aims to look at why microfinance develops in some countries rather than others. It aims to identify institutional factors that can be introduced to enable microfinance to succeed in a country. Design/methodology/approach: A small-sample comparative approach is used, combined with correlation analysis. The research methodology was dictated by the need to find countries that are culturally similar and have the same regulation in order to be able to study other elements. Findings: The authors find that the success of microfinance is linked to its economic performance, in terms of both levels of per capita income and growth, as well as regulatory and public governance, with the amount of remittances being received in a country and with life expectancy at birth. Research limitations/implications: Different sources provide different data. So, the findings may not be robust but it is the best available data. Practical implications: The data shows a high correlation between aid and the development of microfinance and also more so between remittances and the growth of this sector. This has some implications for policies aiming at developing entrepreneurship through microfinance. Originality/value: Most papers when looking at the success of microfinance across regions have failed to take into account differences in cultures and regulations; thus there is a residual bias. The paper's originality stems from the fact that it explains the success of microfinance while controlling for cultural and regulatory factors, and also goes into public governance indicators. This kind of comparative institutional analysis has not been performed for this region. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Economic development | Institutional analysis | Microfinance | Public governance | Regional development | Regulation | West African economic and monetary union,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Ashta, Arvind;Fall, Ndeye Salimata",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The effect of earmarked funding on fleet management for relief and development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,On the incorporation of remanufacturing in recovery targets,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of constraints in closed-loop supply chains: the case of reusing components in product manufacturing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34147185209,10.1007/3-540-27251-8_11,Tire recovery: the RetreadCo case,"Retreading is the process of replacing the worn rubber outer layer of a tire with a new rubber layer. By retreading it is possible to save up to 80% of the material cost of a tire. Current technologies allow for the retreading of tires such that their quality, dependability, and performance is comparable to new tires, and retreaded tires are sold for prices 30 to 50% lower than new tires. Retreading can therefore be both economically interesting and environmentally beneficial. While these advantages are significant, retreaded tires fail to capture a significant share in consumer markets. In this chapter, we identify economic drivers of retreading by describing the products, services, and operations of RetreadCo. © Springer Berlin · Heidelberg 2005.",,Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains,2005-12-01,Book Chapter,"Debo, Laurens G.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041781697,10.1023/A:1015563228687,The domain and interpretation of utility functions: An exploration,"This paper proposes an exploration of the methodology of utility functions that distinguishes interpretation from representation. While representation univocally assigns numbers to the entities of the domain of utility functions, interpretation relates these entities with empirically observable objects of choice. This allows us to make explicit the standard interpretation of utility functions which assumes that two objects have the same utility if and only if the individual is indifferent among them. We explore the underlying assumptions of such an hypothesis and propose a non-standard interpretation according to which objects of choice have a well-defined utility although individuals may vary in the way they treat these objects in a specific context. We provide examples of such a methodological approach that may explain some reversal of preferences and suggest possible mathematical formulations for further research.",Interpretation | Preference reversal | Representation | Utility,Theory and Decision,2001-12-01,Article,"Le Menestrel, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Product take-back and component reuse,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032045606,10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600557,Cooperation between strands of practice: challenges and opportunities for the renewal of OR,"Collaboration between OR groups following different ‘strands of practice’, namely adhering to different ways of conducting OR practice, is difficult. We demonstrate the existence of this problem in two contexts.Firstly, we found several different strands of practice within an independent, entrepreneurial OR firm. Though these strands had the potential to be highly complementary, their co-existence within one firm led to serious tensions and their potential synergy has not yet been realised. When the independent OR firm achieved successful renewal by transforming one of their strands of practice into a new approach to projects, this very success created a new set of competitive challenges. Secondly, an independent OR consulting firm working with a client’s internal research groupfound that the latter’s approach conflicted with its own, resulting in an unsuccessful project. We conclude that the ‘micro-level’ problems of collaboration between individual practitioners and between groups, though largely neglected in the OR literature, can be serious impediments to success and renewal of OR practice. © 1998 Operational Research Society Ltd. All Rights reserved.",Consultancy | Methodology of OR | Practice of OR,Journal of the Operational Research Society,1998-01-01,Article,"Overmeer, W. J.A.;Corbett, C. J.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of knowledge on quality,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027088153,10.1007/BF00330288,Operational research and the environment,"The discipline of Operational Research (OR) is primarily concerned with improving the effectiveness and efficiency of decision processes. These processes take place everywhere in society: industry, banking, agriculture, government, politics. Frequent use of mathematical optimization models is typical of OR. Since the early '80s these models are increasingly packaged in a ""user-friendly"" way, as ""Decision Support Systems"". In the following we will illustrate how OR can be used to describe and solve a number of environmental problems. © 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.",decision support systems | environment | Operational research,Environmental & Resource Economics,1992-11-01,Article,"Van Beek, P.;Fortuin, L.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865354200,10.1108/14720701211267801,"Novel linkages for development: Corporate social responsibility, law and governance: Exploring the Nigerian Petroleum Industry Bill","Purpose: This paper aims to explore the question of the role of business in development from a contextual point of view. The context is Nigeria and its development challenges contrasted with the Nigerian oil industry, which dominates the Nigerian economy as the core resource. It examines the country's attempt to reconnect the oil industry business with development through the Nigerian Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB). Design/methodology/approach: This paper primarily examines the attempt to re-orient the oil industry in Nigeria through the Nigerian PIB. It adopts a conceptual approach analyzing the current debates and delays surrounding the bill in line with themes of human development and corporate social responsibility (CSR). It therefore examines and questions the linkages between business, development, law and governance. Findings: The main findings suggest that development is best viewed in context of the needs of the relevant country and therefore if corporations through CSR are to engage more meaningfully with the developmental agenda then it must move beyond ""self-interested"" models of CSR and engage meaningfully and fairly with facilitative frameworks in the ""local"" contexts, including the use of law. Originality/value: This paper is an exploratory discussion that examines the potential and limitations of linking business to development agendas in an ongoing context. This is because the Nigerian Petroleum Industry Bill, originally drafted in 2008, has not yet passed into law at the end of 2011. This is the result of delays and uncertainty, which is costing the industry and the country significantly at a time when the developmental needs are paramount. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Corporate governance | Corporate social responsibility | Economic development | Law | Legislation | Nigeria | Oil industry | Petroleum Industry Bill,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Okoye, Adaeze",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79959743156,10.1007/s00291-011-0262-3,Special issue on optimization in disaster relief,,,OR Spectrum,2011-07-01,Editorial,"Doerner, Karl F.;Gutjahr, Walter J.;van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84956804811,,Brooks' law revisited: improving software productivity by managing complexity,"According to Brooks law for software development projects ""adding manpower to a late software project makes it later."" Building on Brooks law, we argue that complexity increases the maximum team size in software development projects (Hypothesis 1), and that maximum team size decreases software development productivity (Hypothesis 2). Building on the organizational learning literature, we argue that the experience of the project manager enhances software development productivity (Hypothesis 3). We test these hypotheses with a dataset of 117 software development projects conducted in Finland. Hypothesis 1 is supported for two out of three measures of complexity. We also find strong support for Hypotheses 2 and 3. In order to mitigate the negative impact of team size on productivity, managers should pay close attention to the logical complexity of software as well as the interfaces to other software. Even though, team size and experience both contribute to explaining variation in software development productivity, the team size effect is much more important than the experience effect.",,"Organizational Learning: Individual Differences, Technologies and Impact of Teaching",2015-01-01,Book Chapter,"Lapré, Michael A.;Blackburn, Joseph D.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0346433511,10.1287/msom.5.4.303.24883,Matching supply and demand to maximize profits from remanufacturing,"The profitability of remanufacturing depends on the quantity and quality of product returns and on the demand for remanufactured products. The quantity and quality of product returns can be influenced by varying quality-dependent acquisition prices, i.e., by using product acquisition management. Demand can be influenced by varying the selling price. We develop a simple framework for determining the optimal prices and the corresponding profitability. We motivate and illustrate our framework using an application from the cellular telephone industry.",Econometric Models | Product Acquisition | Remanufacturing,Manufacturing and Service Operations Management,2003-01-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Teunter, Ruud H.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84934783605,10.1111/jiec.12297,Closed‐Loop Supply Chains for Photovoltaic Panels: A Case‐Based Approach,"Photovoltaic (PV) waste is expected to significantly increase. However, legislation on producer responsibility for the collection and recovery of PV panels is limited to the European Union (EU) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive Recast, which lays down design, collection, and recovery measures. Academic knowledge of closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) for PV panels is scarce. We analyze the supply chain using multiple cases involving the main stakeholders in the design, production, collection, and recovery of PV panels. Our article answers two research questions: How does the PV supply chain operate, and what are critical factors affecting the reverse supply chain management of used panels? Our research seeks to fill the gap in the CLSC literature on PV panels, as well as to identify barriers and enablers for PV panel design, collection, and recycling.",closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) | extended producer responsibility (EPR) | industrial ecology | photovoltaic (PV) panels | product take-back | Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Recast),Journal of Industrial Ecology,2016-08-01,Article,"Besiou, Maria;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84894436384,10.1111/poms.12179,Willingness to pay for shifting inventory risk: The role of contractual form,"In order to reduce their inventory risk, firms can attempt to contract with their suppliers for shorter supply lead-times, with their buyers for longer demand lead-times, or both. We designed a controlled laboratory experiment to study contracts that shift a focal firm's inventory risk to its supply chain partners and address two questions. First, is it more effective if the cost of shifting inventory risk is framed as a fixed fee or in per-unit cost terms? We find that, generally, our participants are willing to pay more to avoid supply-demand mismatches than the expected costs from such mismatches. This tendency to overpay is mitigated under fixed fee schemes. Second, does it matter whether the option to reduce inventory risk is the outcome of either increased responsiveness from the upstream supplier or advanced demand information from the downstream buyer? Our results suggest that this difference, when only a matter of framing, has no significant effect on willingness-to-pay. © 2013 Production and Operations Management Society.",fixed fee and per-unit contracts | newsvendor decisions | value of demand information,Production and Operations Management,2014-02-01,Article,"Kremer, Mirko;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Always cola, rarely essential medicines: comparing medicine and consumer product supply chains in the developing world",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Humanitarian logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of collection cost structure on reverse channel choice,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Blackett Memorial Lecturet Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reverse logistics: Quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847036372,10.1287/mnsc.1060.0600,Remanufacturing products with limited component durability and finite life cycles,"This paper models and quantifies the cost-savings potential of production systems that collect, remanufacture, and remarket end-of-use products as perfect substitutes while facing the fundamental supply-loop constraints of limited component durability and finite product life cycles. The results demonstrate the need to carefully coordinate production cost structure, collection rate, product life cycle, and component durability to create or maximize production cost savings from remanufacturing. © 2007 INFORMS.",Durability | Economic model | Life cycle | Remanufacturing,Management Science,2007-01-01,Article,"Geyer, Roland;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Atasu, Atalay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The bounded knapsack problem with setups,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An empirical study of adoption levels of software management practices within European firms,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84957879415,10.1111/reel.12087,What Roles for Which Stakeholders under Extended Producer Responsibility?,"This article analyzes extended producer responsibility (EPR), two decades after the concept emerged. It concentrates on the scope of the producers' responsibility vis-à-vis other stakeholders in the context of EPR for waste electronics. It argues that in order for a core aspect of EPR - the creation of design incentives - to function properly the responsibilities need to be shared between the producers and other stakeholders, and that the allocation of responsibilities needs to be both more rigorous and more nuanced than is presently the case. The article structures the discussion on, and presents solutions to, the proper allocation of responsibilities by creating a framework that distinguishes between issues relating to the core premises of EPR, those that are a function of the multilevel system of governance in which EPR is pursued, and those that are of a practical nature, cutting across jurisdictional levels.",,"Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law",2015-04-01,Review,"Kalimo, Harri;Lifset, Reid;Atasu, Atalay;Van Rossem, Chris;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84894533316,10.1525/cmr.2014.56.2.23,Managing Value in Supply Chains,"A firm's raw material sourcing knowledge can be a strategic resource. This article explores how firms can capture and use this knowledge. It examines the sourcing experiences of four firms in four different countries in the automotive industry and identifies the raw material sourcing knowledge-related parameters. Synthesizing the findings from these case studies, it proposes the concept of the sourcing hub - a collaborative center involving the firm, its suppliers, and raw material suppliers - which can effectively capture and deploy the raw material sourcing knowledge for managing value in upstream sourcing. © 2014 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.",Case study | Sourcing | Sourcing hub | Supply chain,California Management Review,2014-12-01,Article,"Agrawal, Anupam;De Meyer, Arnoud;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84890549391,10.1080/00207543.2013.778434,Then and now–50 years of production research,"This paper is based on the authors experience of three different firms 50 years ago, around the time when The International Journal of Production Research began publication. It describes the issues and challenges that these firms faced in planning and managing production or distribution, and the approaches and recommendations that were made at the time for addressing these issues. Next the question is asked: how, 50 years later, would the same situation be addressed? Asking this question enables an assessment of the contribution of production research to understanding issues, developing solution approaches, and helping production managers. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.",Aggregate planning | Inventory management | Investment planning | Production control | Production organisation,International Journal of Production Research,2013-11-01,Article,"Buzacott, John A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876312049,10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00573.x,Feasibility of using radio frequency identification to facilitate individual producer responsibility for waste electrical and electronic equipment,"Regulatory measures that hold producers accountable for their products at end of life are increasingly common. Some of these measures aim at generating incentives for producers to design products that will be easier and cheaper to recover at the postconsumer stage. However, the allocation of recovery costs to individual producers, which can facilitate realization of the goals of these policies, is hindered by the practical barrier of identification and/or sorting of the products in the waste stream. Technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) can be used for brand or model recognition in order to overcome this obstacle. This article assesses the read rate of RFID technology (i.e., the number of successful retrievals of RFID tag data [""reads""] in a given sample of tagged products) and the potential role of RFID tags in the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) at current levels of technical development. We present the results of RFID trials conducted at a civic amenity site in the city of Limerick, Ireland. The experiment was performed for fixed distances up to 2 meters on different material substrates. In the case of white goods (i.e., large household appliances), a 100% read rate was achieved using an RFID handheld reader. High read rates were also achieved for mixed WEEE. For a handheld scan of a steel cage containing mixed WEEE, read rates varied from 50% to 73% depending on the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) metal mount tag employed and the relative positioning of the tags within the cage. These results confirm that from a technical standpoint, RFID can achieve much greater brand or model identification than has been considered feasible up to now, and thus has a role to play in creating a system that allocates recovery costs to individual producers. © 2013 by Yale University.",Business-to-consumer (B2C) | Extended producer responsibility (EPR) | Individual producer responsibility (IPR) | Industrial ecology | Radio frequency identification (RFID) | Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE),Journal of Industrial Ecology,2013-01-01,Article,"O'Connell, Maurice;Hickey, Stewart;Besiou, Maria;Fitzpatrick, Colin;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865360621,10.1108/14720701211267856,Corporate philanthropy in Russia: evidence from a national awards competition,"Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine how companies officially recognized in Russia as corporate philanthropy leaders actually introduce, implement, and evaluate philanthropic activities. Focusing on the connections between these activities and corporate strategy, the paper seeks to investigate the main trends in corporate philanthropy development over the period 2007-2010, assuming that corporate philanthropy is an integral part of corporate social performance. Design/methodology/approach: A theoretical framework is based on the recognition of ""strategic"" philanthropy as a part as well as the main trend in current philanthropic activities of leading companies. The analysis as such is settled on survey data collected from participants in the national ""Corporate Philanthropy Leaders"" award competition conducted by the Russian business newspaper Vedomosti, PwC, and the non-profit grant-making organization ""Donors Forum"" from 2008 to 2011. Findings: The results testify to strengthening connections between corporate philanthropy and corporate strategy, enhancing the strategic nature of philanthropy as such. Here the responding companies significantly diversified the directions of their philanthropic activities, whereas the distribution of corporate philanthropy by form showed a high stability that was practically unaffected by the economic crisis of 2008-2009. A common practice is the professionalization of managing corporate philanthropy, with a growing role for CSR departments. Research limitations/implications: The study focuses on the activities of leading Russian companies participating in the national ""Corporate Philanthropy Leaders"" award competition, thereby restricting the analysis of non-participants. Moreover, the evolution of competition surveys and their methodology as well as relatively low repetition of participants also restrict the degree of generalization. Future research could be based on the findings of this study to create hypotheses to be tested on a broader sample of Russian companies. Originality/value: The majority of studies of corporate philanthropy in Russia are still covering the necessity of corporate philanthropy for resolving societal problems and describing particular ""best practice"" cases rather than analyzing the relation of corporate philanthropy to the whole system of CSP and its strategic applications. This study aims to address this gap by focusing on corporate philanthropy leaders as a first step to broad nationwide research. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Corporate philanthropy | Corporate social performance | Corporate social responsibility | Corporate strategy | Russia | Social development,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Blagov, Yury;Petrova-Savchenko, Anastasia",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85054068818,10.1016/j.ejor.2018.08.038,Installed base management versus selling in monopolistic and competitive environments,"This paper compares the policy of selling a product to that of installed base management, in which the manufacturer leases the product to consumers, and bundles repair and maintenance services along with the product. We compare the two policies in a monopolistic setting when a firm uses either one of the policies, and when both policies are used by a single firm. We then compare the policies under competition first when two firms use identical products, and when two firms use vertically differentiated products. Our findings indicate that the selling option dominates the installed base option in a monopolistic environment, even for significant values of remanufacturing savings from the installed base policy. In a competitive environment, if two firms use identical products, we find that the two firms use only differentiated pure strategies (where one firm uses installed base management and the other uses selling), or the outcome is a mixed equilibrium, where each firm uses each pure strategy with a certain probability. We find that the firm using the installed base management policy in the duopoly with identical products performs better than the firm using the selling policy. In a competitive market where both firms use vertically differentiated products, we find that both firms can use both mechanisms of installed base management and selling in equilibrium. However, we find that the profits from the installed base segments of the two firms are higher than the profits from the selling segments. Our results indicate that the selling policy performs better in a monopolistic environment while the installed base policy performs better in a competitive environment.",Game theory | Installed base management | Operational leasing | Remanufacturing | Supply chain management,European Journal of Operational Research,2019-03-01,Article,"Bhattacharya, Shantanu;Robotis, Andreas;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Supply Chain Design at Jaguar: Bringing ‘Nirvana’to Halewood,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030788705,10.1007/BF02441378,Optimising environmental product life cycles: A case study of the European pulp and paper sector,"In this paper, we propose a methodology, based on materials accounting and operational research techniques, to assess different industry configurations according to their life cycle environmental impacts. Rather than evaluating a specific technology, our methodology searches for the feasible configuration with the minimum impact. This approach allows us to address some basic policy-relevant questions regarding technology choice, investment priorities, industrial structures, and international trade patterns. We demonstrate the methodology in the context of the European pulp and paper industry. We are able to show that current environmental policy's focus on maximizing recycling is optimal now, but that modest improvements in primary pulping technology may shift the optimal industry configuration away from recycling toward more primary pulping with incineration. We show that this will have significant implications for the amount and type of environmental damage, for the location of different stages in the production chain, and for trade between European member states. We caution policy makers that their single-minded focus on recycling may foreclose investment in technologies that could prove environmentally superior. Finally, we hint that member state governments may be fashioning their environmental policy positions at least in part on some of the trade and industrial implications we find.",environment-trade conflict | environmental policy | geography of production | life cycle | optimization | pulp and paper | recycling | technology lock-in,Environmental and Resource Economics,1997-01-01,Article,"Weaver, Paul M.;Gabel, H. Landis;Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A guided tour through applications of OR-techniques to environmental problems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974710101,10.1017/beq.2016.28,Stakeholder judgments of value,"Although central to stakeholder theory, stakeholder value is surprisingly neglected in the literature. We draw upon prospect theory to show how stakeholder judgments of value depend crucially on the reference state, how there are several alternative reference states that may be operative when stakeholders judge value, how the choice of reference state for stakeholders' value judgments can occur intuitively or deliberately, and how the level of the operant reference state may change with time and may also be incorrectly perceived by stakeholders or managers. Our theorizing results in a fundamentally different way of perceiving the value of corporate actions to stakeholders and shifts understanding of the avenues available for companies and others to influence stakeholder judgments of value. This novel perspective has implications both for theory and management practice, and not least for normative business ethics, if business is about stakeholder value creation.",Normative Business Ethics | Prospect Theory | Reference States | Stakeholder Judgments | Stakeholder Theory | Stakeholder Value,Business Ethics Quarterly,2016-04-01,Review,"Lankoski, Leena;Smith, N. Craig;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876315818,10.1111/jiec.12019,Original Equipment Manufacturers’ Participation in Take‐Back Initiatives in Brazil,"Lax legislation and increasing demand for electronics are driving relentless growth in electronic waste (e-waste) in the developing world. To reduce the damage caused by e-waste and recover value from end-of-life (EoL) electronics, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have created, over the past decades, programs to divert e-waste from landfills to recycling and reuse. Although the subject of intense debate, little is known about such initiatives in terms of levels of participation by OEMs or the extent to which they have succeeded in reducing e-waste in developing economies. To broaden our understanding of these issues, we investigate take-back initiatives in the thriving market of personal computers (i.e., desktop and laptop computers) in Brazil. Using a multimethod approach (electronic archival data collection and semistructured interviews with manufacturers), we find evidence that large multinational manufacturers are at the forefront of take-back programs. However, these initiatives in many ways lag behind those implemented in the United States, a more developed market as far as product take-back is concerned. We find the main reasons for the low levels of participation by OEMs in take-back programs to be high collection costs, low residual values, and lax, unclear, and conflicting legislation. Moreover, we propose new avenues of research, in light of our scant knowledge of country-specific, company-specific, and product-specific determinants that moderate participation. © 2013 by Yale University.",Computers | Extended producer responsibility (EPR) | Industrial ecology | Product stewardship | Product take-back | Reverse logistics,Journal of Industrial Ecology,2013-01-01,Article,"Quariguasi Frota Neto, João;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80055054089,10.1108/02621711111182484,Hayleys PLC: corporate responsibility as stakeholder relations,"Purpose: This paper aims to answer the following questions: Is corporate responsibility only a cost, or is it also a profitable business strategy? If so, can the strategy work in a B2B context, as well as in the B2C context typically covered by research on corporate responsibility? Finally, how does the geopolitical context of a developing Asian nation affect corporate responsibility, from both a managerial and a stakeholder perspective? Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts a case study approach, building from observed data to grounded theory. Findings: In a firm where trust and transparency are both ingrained and enforced among managers, Hayleys PLC used those values as tools to transform relations with key stakeholders from costs to marketing assets. In the process, it created an ethical market network in which membership depends on adherence to the same values. Thus emergent ethical marketplaces are directly related to the spread of CR practices. Research limitations/implications: The effects of transparency beyond financial disclosure or sustainability reporting on stakeholder relations would be a particularly valuable object of further research. The structure of ethical markets, and the costs and benefits of participating in them, require and justify further study. Practical implications: An ethical markets strategy can lead to stable long-term relationships with major buyers. However, in the present circumstances, it also entails dependence on a limited number of major customers. Another issue is that, if ""the factory becomes a sales tool"", it may also kill a sale if and when standards slip or a stakeholder creates conflict. Social implications: A corporate responsibility strategy may transform not only managerial practices, but also the social environment, by enabling or disabling stakeholder partners or adversaries. The means to this objective include providing services and empowerment to stakeholders (in this case, workers) who cannot obtain them from their traditional interlocutors. Originality/value: This paper adds insight into the implications of corporate responsibility for firms involved in B2B markets, as well as for Asian multinationals. It also contributes to answering the question of how corporate responsibility adds value, by demonstrating how corporate responsibility may strengthen key productive and commercial relationships with stakeholders essential to the sustainability of the firm. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Business ethics | Corporate responsibility | Corporate social responsibility | Labour relations | Labour unions | Sri Lanka | Stakeholder relations | Stakeholders,Journal of Management Development,2011-10-01,Article,"Hunter, Mark Lee;van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The ESA initiative for software productivity benchmarking and effort estimation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Single machine scheduling with set-ups to minimize the number of late items: algorithms, complexity and approximation",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operational research can do more for managers than they think!,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Trade-offs?: What Trade Offs?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84964950023,10.1177/0170840615622066,"Coopetition as a paradox: Integrative approaches in a multi-company, cross-sector partnership","Coopetition is paradoxical in that the simultaneous cooperation and competition can give rise to important synergies as well as tensions. To circumvent these tensions, scholars primarily suggest structural, separation-centred strategies. Such strategies are helpful, but incomplete, as total separation would not allow exploitation of the synergies that coopetition may offer. Based on an in-depth case study of a pioneering multi-company, cross-sector partnership, we explore how employees cope with the remaining tensions. Illustrating employees’ sense-making processes, we show how they build on the organisational and the boundary-spanning task contexts and develop paradoxical frames. Juxtaposing the competitive and collaborative logics, these frames shape the employees’ understanding of who they are (i.e. a nested identity) and what they should do (i.e. contextual segmentation). This juxtaposition allows the employees to navigate emerging tensions by adopting both logics (i.e. integrating behaviour) and by contextually prioritising one logic without ignoring the other (i.e. demarcating behaviour). These insights complement structural strategies with integrative, employee-centred ones and highlight contextual factors that promote such an integrative approach.",Coopetition | cross-sector collaboration | microfoundations | paradox | tensions,Organization Studies,2016-05-01,Article,"Stadtler, Lea;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84958779550,10.1108/JHLSCM-07-2015-0034,Centralized vehicle leasing in humanitarian fleet management: the UNHCR case,"Purpose – Fleet management is a key function in humanitarian organizations, but is not always recognized as such. This results in poor performance and negative impacts on the organization. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrates how the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) managed to substantially improve its fleet management through the introduction of an Internal Leasing Program (ILP), in which headquarters procures vehicles and leases them to field offices. Design/methodology/approach – This paper develops a framework for fleet management based on a longitudinal case study with UNHCR. It compares fleet performance indicators before and after implementation of an ILP. Findings – At UNHCR, vehicle procurement was driven by availability of funding. Fleet management was highly decentralized and field offices had limited awareness of its importance. These systems and behaviors led to major challenges for the organization. The introduction of the ILP positively impacted fleet management at UNHCR by reducing fleet size, average age of fleet and procurement costs. Practical implications – This paper provides fleet managers with a tool for analyzing their fleet. The frameworks and actions described in this paper contain practical recommendations for achieving a well-performing fleet. Originality/value – This paper is the first to analyze fleet management before and after introduction of an ILP. It describes the benefits of this model based on empirical data, and develops frameworks to be used by researchers and practitioners.",Humanitarian operations | Internal Leasing Program | Vehicle fleet management,Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management,2015-12-07,Article,"Kunz, Nathan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;McConnell, Rob;Hov, Ketil",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886024997,10.1287/msom.2013.0437,Plant networks for processing recyclable materials,"We use a modified optimal market area model to examine how links between material recycling and other aspects of operations strategy can shape plant networks for the processing of recyclable materials. We characterize the complementarity of the recyclate ratio, defined as the maximum recycled content, with material versatility and miniscaling of recycling plants. We also observe that it is beneficial to coordinate investments in recycling- and production-related competencies because colocated recycling and production plants (minimills) eliminate recyclate transport. We therefore consider versatile miniplants, defined as a competency that factors in both material versatility and coordinated miniscaling of recycling and production plants, and capture how it complements both the recyclate ratio and localization of production plants, a competency that takes advantage of local adaptation and customer proximity. In numerical examples for rolled aluminum and nylon resin plant networks in Europe, we find that the complementarity effects are large, as they are for nylon resins, if recycling is nascent and challenging economically and if the plant network is too centralized at first to benefit much from an increased recyclate ratio or increased localization. We find that, for the nylon resin network, considering an investment in the recyclate ratio as part of a coordinated investment plan drives the emergence of a decentralized and localized minimill network, even though an increased recyclate ratio does not link directly with either decentralization or localization. We conclude that material recycling, versatile miniplants, and localization can fit well together in a forward-looking, sustainable operations strategy. © 2013 INFORMS.",Localization | Material versatility | Minimills | Operations strategy | Optimal market area | Plant networks | Recycling,Manufacturing and Service Operations Management,2013-09-01,Article,"Demeester, Lieven;Qi, Mei;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876315818,10.1111/jiec.12019,Original Equipment Manufacturers’ Participation in Take‐Back Initiatives in Brazil,"Lax legislation and increasing demand for electronics are driving relentless growth in electronic waste (e-waste) in the developing world. To reduce the damage caused by e-waste and recover value from end-of-life (EoL) electronics, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have created, over the past decades, programs to divert e-waste from landfills to recycling and reuse. Although the subject of intense debate, little is known about such initiatives in terms of levels of participation by OEMs or the extent to which they have succeeded in reducing e-waste in developing economies. To broaden our understanding of these issues, we investigate take-back initiatives in the thriving market of personal computers (i.e., desktop and laptop computers) in Brazil. Using a multimethod approach (electronic archival data collection and semistructured interviews with manufacturers), we find evidence that large multinational manufacturers are at the forefront of take-back programs. However, these initiatives in many ways lag behind those implemented in the United States, a more developed market as far as product take-back is concerned. We find the main reasons for the low levels of participation by OEMs in take-back programs to be high collection costs, low residual values, and lax, unclear, and conflicting legislation. Moreover, we propose new avenues of research, in light of our scant knowledge of country-specific, company-specific, and product-specific determinants that moderate participation. © 2013 by Yale University.",Computers | Extended producer responsibility (EPR) | Industrial ecology | Product stewardship | Product take-back | Reverse logistics,Journal of Industrial Ecology,2013-01-01,Article,"Quariguasi Frota Neto, João;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Multiple location and routing models in humanitarian logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Private-humanitarian supply chain partnerships on the silk road,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The challenges of matching corporate donations to humanitarian needs and the role of brokers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70449336274,10.1080/09537280903107481,Conceptual framework for the design and management of value loops–application to a wheelchair allocation context,"This article provides a conceptual framework for the design and management of value loops. A value loop is a logistics network that integrates reverse logistics activities related to the recovery of unused products, their retransformation and the redistribution of the reusable materials. The conceptual framework is elaborated based on the business process re-engineering experience for the wheelchair allocation, maintenance, recovery, retransformation and redistribution context in the Province of Quebec, Canada, governed and managed by a government agency. This framework addresses all the significant generic decisional levels, from the identification of the customers' expectations or needs, to the design and management of the logistics networks, processes and products from a life cycle perspective, to activity planning and scheduling. The decisional levels are mainly characterised according to the reverse logistics activities. Their implementation is illustrated within the wheelchair context in the Province of Quebec. A brief discussion on the roles of the involved network parties is made from this context.",Conceptual framework | Design and management | Reverse logistics | Supply chains | Value loops,Production Planning and Control,2009-12-01,Article,"Chouinard, Marc;Aït-Kadi, Daoud;Van Wassenhove, Luk;D'Amours, Sophie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Feature issue on closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34147146994,10.1007/3-540-27251-8_3,Reverse logistics in an electronics company: the NEC-Cl case,"In January 1999, NEC Corporation of Japan created NEC Computers International (NEC-CI) as a subsidiary in order to consolidate its PC and server business outside the U.S. and Japan, including its Packard Bell business, which it had acquired in 1996. © Springer Berlin · Heidelberg 2005.",,Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains,2005-12-01,Book Chapter,"Geyer, Roland;Neeraj, Kumar;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Supply-Chain. Net: The Impact of Web-Based Technologies on Supply Chain Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A pan European appraisal of industrial excellence in the textiles sector,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of IT adoption on the genesis of dynamic capabilities,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR at wORk,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Planning Framework for a class of FMS,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982162253,10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.008,Econometric estimation of deprivation cost functions: A contingent valuation experiment,"This paper details research to design an estimation process for Deprivation Cost Functions (DCF) using Contingent Valuation, and to apply it econometrically to obtain a DCF for drinkable water. The paper describes both the process and results obtained. The results indicate that deprivation costs for drinkable water have a non-linear relation with deprivation times. The estimated DCFs provide a consistent metric that could be incorporated into humanitarian logistic mathematical models, eliminating the need to use proxy metrics, and providing a better way to assess the impacts of delivery options and actions. The research reported in this paper is the first attempt in the literature to produce estimates of the economic value of human suffering created by the deprivation of a critical supply or service.",,Journal of Operations Management,2016-07-01,Article,"Holguín-Veras, José;Amaya-Leal, Johanna;Cantillo, Victor;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Aros-Vera, Felipe;Jaller, Miguel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85054476586,10.1080/24725854.2018.1515515,Valuable e-waste: implications for extended producer responsibility,"Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)-based product take-back regulation holds OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) of electronics responsible for the collection and recovery (e.g., recycling) of electronic waste (e-waste). This is because of the assumption that recycling these products has a net cost, and unless regulated they end up in landfills and harm the environment. However, in the last decade, advances in product design and recycling technologies have allowed for profitable recycling. This change challenges the basic assumption behind such regulation and creates a competitive marketplace for e-waste. That is, OEMs subject to EPR have to compete with Independent Recyclers (IRs) in collecting and recycling e-waste. Then a natural question is whether EPR achieves its intended goal of increased landfill diversion amid such competition and what its welfare implications are, where welfare is the sum of OEM and IR profits, environmental benefit, and waste-holder surplus. Using an economic model, we find that EPR that focuses on producer responsibility alone may reduce the total landfill diversion and welfare amid competition. A possible remedy in the form of counting IRs collection towards OEM obligations guarantees higher landfill diversion. However, EPR may continue to reduce the total welfare, particularly when OEM recycling replaces more cost-effective IR activity.",competition | e-waste | product recovery | Take-back regulation,IISE Transactions,2019-04-03,Article,"Esenduran, Gökçe;Atasu, Atalay;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84865376310,10.1108/14720701211267784,Re-thinking the role of the corporate sector in international development,"Purpose: This paper explores the paradigm of international development that has persisted for the past five decades, and asks whether a fresh approach is needed - one that builds on the developmental potential of the corporate sector, not just on donor aid. Design/methodology/approach: This article explores both how corporations contribute to development and also the challenges in incorporating them into the wider processes of international development. This is achieved through the examination of two key sets of literature. The first is that regarding the effectiveness of the existing approach to international development. The second, smaller but growing, explores the impact that the corporate sector has had on raising countries out of poverty. Findings: This paper finds that despite the cost and effort, most developing countries remain just that - developing. Where countries have developed, there is strong evidence to suggest that this has been the result, not of international aid, but of a thriving corporate sector. Yet companies remain outside the prevailing development paradigm, and their contribution to lifting countries out of poverty remains poorly understood. This paper makes a number of recommendations in relation to further research that is needed, and also policy approaches that need to be explored. Research limitations/implications: It is apparent from this paper that more and detailed scholarly work is needed to improve further our understanding of how companies contribute to development. Practical implications: For policy makers this paper demonstrates an urgent need to develop better and more thorough-going processes to engage with the corporate sector. Originality/value: The role that companies play in international development remains under-explored. This paper is therefore a novel contribution to this debate, and one that has significant implications for both the academic and policy communities. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Aid effectiveness | Corporate sector | Developing countries | Economic development | Global governance | International development | Public-private collaboration,Corporate Governance (Bingley),2012-08-01,Article,"Davis, Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Designing efficient resource procurement and allocation mechanisms in humanitarian logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Quality in reverse: trends and trade-offs in assessing the value of returned products,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Stakeholder media: The Trojan horse of corporate responsibility,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036588090,10.1177/003754902762311659,Special issue: Supply chain management,,,SIMULATION,2002-01-01,Article,"Bruzzone, Agostino",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Closed-loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Impact of information technology on supply chain performance: the ERP phenomenon,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Production and operations management core course teaching at the top 20 MBA programmes in the USA,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Exact and approximation algorithms for the operational fixed interval sheduling problem,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The single item discrete lotsizing and scheduling problem: linear description and optimization,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operational Research techniques for analyzing flexible manufacturing systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Multi-product scheduling in multi-stage serial systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85002590963,10.1108/JHLSCM-04-2016-0012,Defining logistics preparedness: a framework and research agenda,"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a more complete understanding of logistics preparedness. By comparing extant research in preparedness and logistics with findings from empirical analysis of secondary data, the authors develop a definition of and framework for logistics preparedness, along with suggestions for future research agenda. Design/methodology/approach: The authors link the way in which humanitarian organizations define and aim to achieve logistics preparedness with extant academic research. The authors critically analyze public data from 13 organizations that are active in disaster relief and review papers on logistics preparedness and humanitarian logistics. Findings: The authors found that, despite the increased attention, there is no unified understanding across organizations about what constitutes logistics preparedness and how it can contribute to improvements in operations. Based on the review of the academic literature, the authors found that the same is true for humanitarian logistics research. The lack of a common understanding has resulted in low visibility of efforts and lack of knowledge on logistics preparedness. Research limitations/implications: On the basis of extant research and practice, the authors suggest a definition of and framework for logistics preparedness with related suggestions for future studies. Practical implications: Findings can help the humanitarian community gain a better understanding of their efforts related to developing logistics preparedness and can provide a better basis for communicating the need for, and results from, funding in preparedness. Social implications: Results can support improvements in humanitarian supply chains, thereby providing affected people with rapid, cost-efficient, and better-adapted responses. Originality/value: The findings contribute to humanitarian logistics literature, first by identifying the issues related to the lack of a common definition. Second, the authors extend the understanding of what constitutes logistics preparedness by proposing an operationalized framework and definition. Finally, the authors add to the literature by discussing what future topics and types of research may be required.",Disaster relief | Emergency preparedness | Framework | Humanitarian | Logistics preparedness,Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management,2016-01-01,Article,"Jahre, Marianne;Pazirandeh, Ala;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84999836756,10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.012,Designing an efficient humanitarian supply network,"Increasingly, humanitarian organizations have opened regional warehouses and pre-positioned resources locally. Choosing appropriate locations is not easy and frequently based on opportunities rather than rational decisions. Dedicated decision-support systems could help humanitarian practitioners design their supply networks. Academic literature suggests the use of commercial sector models but rarely considers the constraints and specific context of humanitarian operations, such as obtaining accurate data, high uncertainties, limited budgets and increasing pressure on cost efficiency. We propose a tooled methodology to properly support humanitarian decision makers in the design of their supply chains. Our contribution is based on the definition of aggregate scenarios to reliably forecast demand using past disaster data and future trends. Demand for relief items based on these scenarios is then fed to a mixed-integer linear programming model in order to improve current supply networks. The specifications of this model have been defined in close collaboration with humanitarian workers. The model allows analysis of the impact of alternative sourcing strategies and service level requirements on operational efficiency. It provides clear and actionable recommendations for a given context, bridging the gap between academics and humanitarian logisticians. The methodology was developed to be useful to a broad range of humanitarian organizations, and a specific application to the supply chain design of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is discussed in detail.",Demand | Efficiency | Facility location | Humanitarian aid | Network design | Pre-positioning | Supply chain | Uncertainty,Journal of Operations Management,2016-11-01,Article,"Charles, Aurelie;Lauras, Matthieu;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Dupont, Lionel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Learning from coca-cola,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Challenges of Matching Private Sector Donations to the Humanitarian Needs and the Role of Brokers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-74549154488,10.1080/00207540802448874,Worldwide sourcing planning at Solutia's glass interlayer products division,"This article describes the realisation of an optimisation project by a global chemical manufacturer with the objective of developing and implementing a supply chain coordination tool. After a presentation of the current supply chain and the challenges faced by Solutia prior to the optimisation project, we provide an overview of the mathematical model depicting the company's worldwide production network. We then provide an insight into the lessons learned by both the optimisation team and supply chain managers. In addition to the financial benefits, the project contributed to the structuring of scattered knowledge throughout a complex supply chain. We also address the shortcomings of ERP systems when it comes to providing reliable planning data and, in this context, draw parallels between optimisation and software development projects.",Capacity planning | Enterprise resource planning | Global manufacturing | Human-computer interaction | Information systems | Linear programming | MRP2 | Operations planning | Supply chain management,International Journal of Production Research,2010-01-01,Article,"Lebreton, Baptiste G.M.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Bloemen, Roger R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The WEEE challenge,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Information technology in closed loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special Section: Closed-Loop Supply Chains: Practice and Potential: Closed-Loop Supply Chains: Practice and Potential.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,What the cases don't tell us,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Crisis? What crisis?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Production planning and inventory control in hybrid systems with remanufacturing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Discrete lotsizing and scheduling with sequence dependent setup times and setup costs,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974577122,10.1016/j.jom.2016.03.008,Fleet management policies for humanitarian organizations: Beyond the utilization–residual value trade-off,"Four-wheel drive vehicles play a pivotal role in securing the last-mile distribution of goods and services in humanitarian development programs. To optimize the use of their fleets, humanitarian organizations recommend policies aimed at enhancing the utilization of vehicles while preserving residual value. Although these decisions have a significant impact on cost, there is limited empirical evidence to show that the recommended policies are actually implemented and that they produce the expected benefits. This paper theoretically and empirically examines the complex and inter-related effects of vehicle-to-mission allocation decisions and of alternative vehicle usage patterns on vehicle utilization and residual value in humanitarian development programs. The results suggest that humanitarian organizations could break the utilization-residual value trade-off by adopting different policies than the ones currently in place. They also reveal that organizations need to realize that what seems logical from the headquarters' perspective may be illogical or inconvenient for the field, and as a result, the field may do the opposite of what is recommended or even instructed. Therefore, they either need better data and analysis combined with audits or they need to improve mechanisms that incentivize field delegations to follow standards recommended by the headquarters.",Empirical analysis | Fleet management | Humanitarian development programs | Trade-off,Journal of Operations Management,2016-05-01,Article,"Eftekhar, Mahyar;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940511574,10.3390/su70810343,Ethical Analysis for Evaluating Sustainable Business Decisions: The Case of Environmental Impact Evaluation in the Inambari Hydropower Project,"We propose an ethical analysis as a method to reflect on how companies' decisions promote sustainable development. The method proceeds by first identifying the choice according to financial business interests, and by then scrutinizing this choice according to consequentialist and deontological ethics. The paper applies the method to the choice of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) that a consortium of Brazilian companies (EGASUR) delivered as part of their project proposal for the realization of the Inambari hydropower dam in the Peruvian Amazon. We show that if an EIA is chosen based on the attempt to maximize the financial bottom line, it raises ethical issues both from a consequentialist perspective by involving negative consequences for various stakeholder groups, and from a deontological perspective by not complying with relevant rules, guidelines, and principles. The two ethical perspectives hence reveal where the consortium faces impediments to a genuine commitment to sustainability. Building on stakeholder interviews, observations of the project developments, and the executive summary of the actual EIA, we provide indications that EGASUR has indeed made a choice that resembles a decision based on financial interests.",Business decisions | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) | Environmental impacts | Ethical analysis | Hydropower | Sustainable development,Sustainability (Switzerland),2015-01-01,Article,"Rode, Julian;Le Menestrel, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk;Simon, Anthony",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901749720,10.1287/msom.2013.0461,The sourcing hub and upstream supplier networks,"In this paper, we explore how firms can better manage their sourcing by developing relationships not only with their suppliers but also with their suppliers' suppliers. We detail an empirical case study explaining how the firm developed relationships with its suppliers and raw material suppliers via a collaborative center, the sourcing hub. We then analytically model the scenarios encountered in our empirical work and examine two facets of upstream sourcing under uncertain demand scenarios: (a) firms can supply raw material directly to their suppliers, and this may be beneficial for the firm and its suppliers; and (b) firms can bring their suppliers together at the sourcing hub, and the resulting cooperation between suppliers is beneficial for the suppliers and the raw material suppliers. Overall, our work explores the market and economic conditions under which active management of upstream sourcing can add value to supply chains. © 2014 INFORMS.",Raw material sourcing | Sourcing hub | Supplier network,Manufacturing and Service Operations Management,2014-01-01,Article,"Agrawal, Anupam;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;De Meyer, Arnoud",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special issue of production and operations management: Humanitarian operations and crisis management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954035301,10.1007/s10479-009-0645-x,Quality competition for screening and treatment services,"This paper examines how quality for one type of preventive health care services, screening services are determined under competition and explores its links with the treatment services. A Hotelling type of model is introduced for this purpose. Two providers offer both screening and treatment services, and decide on their quality for both services. The equilibrium quality values are characterized assuming providers are identical and patients are free to choose providers for screening and treatment independently. Screening quality and treatment quality are shown to be strategic complements. The social planner can achieve the desired quality level via appropriate reimbursements for screening and treatment of the disease at early and late stage. A sensitivity analysis investigates the effect of model parameters on the equilibrium quality levels. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.",Breast cancer | Competition | Hotelling model | Preventive health care | Quality,Annals of Operations Research,2010-01-01,Article,"Güneş, Evrim D.;Chick, Stephen E.;van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A crowd of watchdogs: toward a system dynamics model of media response to corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility initiatives,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Armenia earthquake: grinding out an effective disaster response in Colombia’s Coffee Region,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing product returns at Hewlett Packard,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Turning waste into wealth,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Hewlett-Packard: Performance Measurement in the Supply Chain,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Organic production systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Manufacturing management quality and factory performance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An empirical analysis of software production problems in European software units,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Productivity improvement in a network of learning factories: A learning curve analysis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Management quality, continuous improvement and growth in the factory",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Management practices for software excellence: an empirical investigation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Strategic production and operations management issues in product recovery management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,From IE to ITT to Time-Based Competition,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Trade-offs? What trade-offs?(a short essay on manufacturing strategy),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84974861854,10.1057/jors.1992.66,Integrating Scheduling With Batching And Lot-Sizing,"In many practical situations, batching of similar jobs to avoid set-ups is performed whilst constructing a schedule. On the other hand, each job may consist of many identical items. Splitting a job often results in improved customer service or in reduced throughput time. Thus, implicit in determining a schedule is a lot-sizing decision which specifies how a job is to be split. This paper proposes a general model which combines batching and lot-sizing decisions with scheduling. A research on this type of model is given. Some important open problems for which further research is required are also highlighted. © 1992 Operational Research Society Ltd.",Algorithms | Batching | Compelexity | Lot sizing | Scheduling,Journal of the Operational Research Society,1992-01-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85019025254,10.1111/poms.12669,The role of media exposure on coordination in the humanitarian setting,"Despite high demand and resource limitations, humanitarian organizations (HOs) typically do not share resources and/or coordinate in the field. While coordination enhances operational performance and saves costs, the general perception is that it dilutes the media attention that individual organizations might receive, and negatively influences their future donation income. In this study, we empirically unveil the impact of media exposure and operational performance on the donations obtained by HOs. Then, based on the empirical results, we develop a stylized model to characterize the structure of preferred coordination policies with respect to an organization's funding source and main mandate. Our findings shed light on the incentives and dynamics that drive behaviors in humanitarian operations and provide insights for policy makers on designing and implementing mechanisms that encourage humanitarian coordination.",horizontal coordination | humanitarian logistics | media exposure,Production and Operations Management,2017-05-01,Article,"Eftekhar, Mahyar;Li, Hongmin;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Webster, Scott",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Cross-sector partnerships for sustainable supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84988038788,,The new rules for crisis management,,,MIT Sloan Management Review,2016-06-13,Article,"Hunter, Mark Lee;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Besiou, Maria",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85001662780,10.1007/978-3-319-30094-8_11,"Owls, sheep and dodos: Coping with environmental legislation","Environmental legislation affects more and more companies in different industries and is likely to continue to do so. Focusing in particular on the issue of the disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), this chapter argues that firms are frequently unaware of the threats posed by such legislation, poor at anticipating its provisions and effects, and generally not very skillful at representing their interests in the political process. Contrasting such firms (political “dodos” or “sheep”) with a few (political “owls”) that have proven themselves to be successful political actors; we proceed to identify the generic ingredients of effective corporate political strategy to cope with environmental legislation.",Environmental Legislation | Political Influence | Political Strategy | Recycling Cost | Supply Chain,Springer Series in Supply Chain Management,2016-01-01,Book Chapter,"Atasu, Atalay;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Webber, Douglas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Medicine donations: Matching demand with supply in broken supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Fleet management coordination in decentralized humanitarian operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84871833625,,Enablers and barriers for producer responsibility in the electrical and electronic equipment sector,"ZeroWIN (Towards Zero Waste in Industrial Networks - www.zerowin.eu) is a five year project funded by the EC under the 7th Framework Programme. Amongst others, ZeroWIN examines how producers' responsibility can be applied in the electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and photovoltaic sectors. Discussion about extending producers' responsibility for environmental impacts of their products to the entire product life cycle began in the 1990s. Since then, many environmental regulations focusing on treatment of end-of-life products have incorporated the concept of producer responsibility. This paper identifies and critically discusses global implementation of producer responsibility in the photovoltaic and EEE industrial sectors. Characteristics of current systems and markets preventing or facilitating its implementation are discussed. © 2012 Fraunhofer IZM.",,"Electronics Goes Green 2012+, ECG 2012 - Joint International Conference and Exhibition, Proceedings",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Besiou, Maria;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Williams, Ian;Ongondo, Francis;Curran, Tony;O'Connor, Clementine;Yang, Mona Man Yu;Dietrich, Johannes;Marwede, Max;Gallo, Maitane;Arnaiz, Sixto;Woolman, Tim;Kopacek, Bernd;Obersteiner, Gudrun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special issue of production and operations management: humanitarian operations and crisis management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrating Ethical Analysis for Sustainable Business Decisions: The example of environmental impacts evaluation for a large-scale hydropower project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Learning from humanitarian supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Exploring the Known and the Unknown: Future Possibilities of System Dynamics for Humanitarian Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"If access is the symptom, what is the cause? comparing medicine and consumer product supply chains in the developing world",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Last Mile Vehicle Fleet Management in Humanitarian Operations: A Case-Based Approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77956696377,,La trampa de la experiencia,"Objective: This report is the partial result of a survey carried out with the purpose of interpreting the process of reintegration to daily life of survivors after landmine accidents, through their testimonies when they recall their experiences. Methodology: A qualitative methodological approach and an ethnographic particularistic focus were employed. The techniques for gathering information were semistructured interviews to four participants, and observations during them. Results: This paper shows the category caught in the trap in response to the question: How is the experience of landmine accidents survivors? It describes the moment and place of the blast, the activity that was being carried out, the object responsible for the injuries, the harm caused, and the sensations of the survivors and their companions. Conclusions: Education on the risk of landmines is an adequate strategy to make communities and persons aware of the dangers posed by those artifacts. Consequently, the possibility arises to reduce such dangers to levels consistent with the recreation of milieus free from the restrictions imposed by the presence of landmines.",Accidents caused by explosives | Colombia | Landmines | Qualitative research | Survivors,Iatreia,2010-09-01,Article,"Restrepo, Margarita Lucía Correa;Durango, María Del Pilar Pastor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Turning waste into wealth,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Organic production systems: an emerging operations strategy?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Paradigm Shift: Supply Chain Collaboration and Competition in and between Europe’s Chemical Clusters,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Stimulating Industrial Excellence in European Textile SME’s,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84856553231,10.1007/3-540-27251-8_18,Future developments in managing closed-loop supply chains,This final chapter allows us to look ahead a number of years and to speculate about likely future developments. Our predictions are based on insights obtained from close collaboration with companies and organizations mentioned in this book as well as with many others. They also incorporate findings from our more theoretical research and views expressed in the literature. Our starting point will be the frameworks presented in chapter 1. © Springer Berlin · Heidelberg 2005.,,Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains,2005-12-01,Book Chapter,"Flapper, Simme Douwe P.;Van Nunen, Jo A.E.E.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Design of closed loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033716420,10.1287/mnsc.46.5.597.12049,Behind the learning curve: Linking learning activities to waste reduction,"This exploratory research on a decade of Total Quality Management in one factory opens up the black box of the learning curve. Based on the organizational learning literature, we derive a quality learning curve that links different types of learning in quality improvement projects to the evolution of the factory's waste rate. Only 25% of the quality improvement projects-which acquired both know-why and know-how-accelerated waste reduction. The other 75% of the projects either impeded or did not affect waste reduction. In complex and dynamic production environments, locally acquired knowledge is difficult to disseminate. The combination of know-why and know-how facilities its dissemination.",,Management Science,2000-01-01,Article,"Lapré, Michael A.;Mukherjee, Amit Shankar;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Pellton International: Developing a Supply-Chain Partnership,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042541669,10.1016/0928-4869(95)00020-8,An experimental analysis of steady state convergence in simple queueing systems: Implications for flexible manufacturing system models,"Queueing models are widely used for performance analysis of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). Most studies are done under steady state assumptions. The inherent flexibility of FMS in terms of input, volume, and mix makes such an assumption hard to justify. In this paper, we investigate the convergence rate to steady state in simple queueing models that constitute the basic building blocks of more complex FMS models. The study reveals that steady-state conditions are not achieved during the execution of batches of moderate size. We therefore conclude that although equilibrium models are appropriate for studying long-term planning problems, for the operational control of FMSs, it is highly desirable to study the transient behaviour of the system. On a broader scope, our investigation also shows that steady-state assumptions used in the analysis of any inherently transient system should be carefully validated.",FMS | Queue dynamics | Steady state of dynamic queuing problem,Simulation Practice and Theory,1996-03-15,Article,"Nuyens, R. P.A.;Van Dijk, N. M.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.;Yücesan, E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Report on the 1995/1996 software excellence survey,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Assessing Software Excellence: A Model and an Empirical Test,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Local search heuristics for single machine scheduling with batching to minimize total weighted completion time,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000655488,10.1287/opre.43.2.346,The two-stage assembly scheduling problem: Complexity and approximation,"This paper introduces a new two-stage assembly scheduling problem. There are m machines at the first stage, each of which produces a component of a job. When all m components are available, a single assembly machine at the second stage completes the job. The objective is to schedule jobs on the machines so that the makespan is minimized. We show that the search for an optimal solution may be restricted to permutation schedules. The problem is proved to be NP-hard in the strong sense even when m = 2. A schedule associated with an arbitrary permutation of jobs is shown to provide a worst-case ratio bound of two, and a heuristic with a worst-case ratio bound of 2 - 1/m is presented. The compact vector summation technique is applied for iinding approximation solutions with worst-case absolute performance guarantees.",,Computers and Operations Research,1995-04-01,Article,"Potts, C. N.;Sevast'janov, S. V.;Strusevich, V. A.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.;Zwaneveld, C. M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,How Green Is Your Manufacturing Strategy?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operational Research and environment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84997096213,10.1111/jiec.12472,Synergy management services companies: A new business model for industrial park operators,"The concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) was introduced decades ago and its environmental and economic benefits are well established, but the broad acceptance of IS still faces significant barriers. This article provides a new approach to capture synergies within industrial parks by suggesting a new business model. Building on findings from a survey conducted by the authors and on literature, we first identify potential barriers to low-carbon synergistic projects. Economic concerns of technically feasible synergies and financial issues turn out to be the largest barriers, because of long payback periods and fluctuating raw material and by-product market prices. Existing business models do not offer easy ways to overcome or relax these barriers. We therefore introduce the concept of a synergy management services company (SMSCO), a synergy contractor and third-party financing model, to overcome these barriers. This model shifts the financial risk of the synergistic project from collaborating firms to the SMSCO. We posit that this attribute of the SMSCO model makes it attractive for industrial park operators who seek long-term solutions to secure future viability of their park.",business models | industrial ecology | industrial park operators | industrial parks | industrial symbiosis | synergy management services,Journal of Industrial Ecology,2017-08-01,Article,"Siskos, Ioannis;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85008354544,10.1080/00207543.2016.1275872,Understanding the market for remanufactured products: what can we learn from online trading and Web search sites?,"Notwithstanding the interest it elicits from academics and practitioners, relatively little is known about the market for remanufactured products. Research, still in its infancy, has focused almost entirely on what affects willingness to pay, and our understanding of other key marketing questions, such as what drives search intensity for remanufactured products and the number of remanufactured products on offer, is limited. This paper fills this knowledge gap. Focusing on the online market for remanufactured electrical and electronic products, we empirically test whether product-specific and market-specific determinants affect search intensity and number of remanufactured products on offer, that is number of listings. We use as inputs online search traffic, product-specific data collected from various other online sources and relevant eBay listing data. Our analysis supports the hypotheses that search intensity for remanufactured products is associated with search intensity for price and elapsed time since the launch of new counterpart products. Number of remanufactured products listed is associated with number of listings for new counterparts and two product-specific characteristics: presence of moving parts and whether the product is used for personal hygiene. We discuss several implications of our findings for remanufacturers and policy-makers as well as directions for future research.",closed-loop supply chain | green manufacturing | marketing and reverse logistics | sustainable manufacturing,International Journal of Production Research,2017-06-18,Article,"Jakowczyk, Marta;Quariguasi Frota Neto, João;Gibson, Andrew;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85048737584,10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.11.010,Closed-Loop supply chain activities in Japanese home appliance/personal computer manufacturers: A case study,"We investigate the impact of the home appliance recycling law on closed-loop supply chain activities in the electric home appliance industry of Japan. The recycling rates have experienced a basically constant growth since the home appliance recycling law went into effect in April 2001. This implies that the extended producer responsibility (EPR)scheme compelled the home appliance manufacturers to make efforts toward the efficient recycling of their end-of-life products. The results support Michael Porter's hypothesis that “properly designed environmental standards can trigger innovations that lower the total cost of a product or improve its value.” We also conducted semi-structured interviews with five major home appliance/personal computer (PC)manufacturers. All the managers agreed that although the recycling business is not profitable for home appliance/PC manufacturers in Japan, government legislation and corporate social responsibility (CSR)force them to be active in the recycling of their products.",Case study | Closed-loop supply chain | Home appliance | Japan | Personal computer | Porter's hypothesis,International Journal of Production Economics,2019-06-01,Article,"Shimada, Tomoaki;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special Issue of Production and Operations Management: Not for Profit Operations Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,How does extended producer responsibility fare when e-waste has value,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Industrial applications,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrating Ethical Issues in Business Decisions: A Case Study on Evaluating the Biodiversity Impacts of a Large-scale Hydropower Project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Closed-Loop Supply Chains in the Electrical and Electronics Industry of Japan,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Decision Framework for the Access Strategy of Medicines for Malaria Venture,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-26444432726,10.1145/1028664.1028690,Dynamics of agile software development,"The primary objective of my dissertation is to develop an integrative view of agile software development to enhance our understanding and make predictions about the agile process. By modeling the dynamics of agile software development process, the applicability and effectiveness of agile methods will be investigated, and the impact of agile practices on project performance in terms of quality, schedule, cost, customer satisfaction will be examined.",Agile software development | Software process simulation | System dynamics,"Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA",2004-12-01,Conference Paper,"Cao, Lan",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The REACH Directive and its Impact on the European Chemical Industry: A Critical Review,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Decision Postponement in Supply Chains: Value of Supply Flexibility and Utility of Waiting,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Consumer electronics recycling in the Netherlands: corporate implementation of producer responsibility for large white goods,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Hewlett-Packard: Measurement Performance in the Supply Chain,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,La cadena de suministro inversa,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035694230,10.1109/WSC.2001.977324,On-line error bounds for steady-state approximations: A potential solution to the initialization bias problem,"By studying performance measures via reward structures, on-line error bounds are obtained by successive approximation. These bounds indicate when to terminate computation with guaranteed accuracy; hence, they provide insight into steady-state convergence. The method therefore presents a viable alternative to steady-state computer simulation where the output series is typically contaminated with initialization bias whose impact on the output cannot be easily quantified. The method is illustrated on capacitated queueing networks. The results indicate that the method offers a practical tool for numerically approximating performance measures of queueing networks. Results on steady-state convergence further quantify the error involved in analyzing an inherently transient system using a steady-state model.",,Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings,2001-01-01,Article,"Yücesan, Enver;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Papanikas, Klenthis;Van Dijk, Nico M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Dataset of the Refrigerator Case: design of closed loop supply chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A qualitative and quantitative analysis of a large scale banking systems migration project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Distributielogistiek en retourstroomoptimalisatie,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Partnership of tug of war?(A framework for supply-chain improvement),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042541669,10.1016/0928-4869(95)00020-8,An experimental analysis of steady state convergence in simple queueing systems: Implications for flexible manufacturing system models,"Queueing models are widely used for performance analysis of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). Most studies are done under steady state assumptions. The inherent flexibility of FMS in terms of input, volume, and mix makes such an assumption hard to justify. In this paper, we investigate the convergence rate to steady state in simple queueing models that constitute the basic building blocks of more complex FMS models. The study reveals that steady-state conditions are not achieved during the execution of batches of moderate size. We therefore conclude that although equilibrium models are appropriate for studying long-term planning problems, for the operational control of FMSs, it is highly desirable to study the transient behaviour of the system. On a broader scope, our investigation also shows that steady-state assumptions used in the analysis of any inherently transient system should be carefully validated.",FMS | Queue dynamics | Steady state of dynamic queuing problem,Simulation Practice and Theory,1996-03-15,Article,"Nuyens, R. P.A.;Van Dijk, N. M.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.;Yücesan, E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR and the environment: a fruitful combination,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Improving speed and productivity of software development: a survey of European software developers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operationele Research kan meer voor u doen dan u denkt,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0042043056,10.1023/a:1018978322417,Local search heuristics for single machine scheduling with batch set-up times,"Local search heuristics are developed for a problem of scheduling a single machine to minimize the total weighted completion time. The jobs are partitioned into families, and a set-up time is necessary when there is a switch in processing jobs from one family to jobs of another family. Four alternative neighbourhood search methods are developed: multistart descent, simulated annealing, threshold accepting and tabu search. The performance of these heuristics is evaluated on a large set of test problems, and the results are also compared with those obtained by a genetic algorithm. The best results are obtained with the tabu search method for smaller numbers of families and with the genetic algorithm for larger numbers of families. In combination, these methods generate high quality schedules at relatively modest computational expense.",Batches | Descent | Local search heuristics | Scheduling | Set-up time | Simulated annealing | Single machine | Tabu search | Threshold accepting,Annals of Operations Research,1997-01-01,Article,"Crauwels, H. A.J.;Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A procedure for efficient budget allocation to site decontamination projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"An integrated and structured approach to improve maintenance(Part II, Application)",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85088908660,10.1097/MAT.0000000000001108,A bridge to OR.,"Extracorporeal lung support (ECLS) represents an essential support tool especially for critically ill patients undergoing thoracic surgical procedures. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an important treatment option for end-stage lung emphysema in carefully selected patients. Here, we report the efficacy of veno-venous ECLS (VV ECLS) as a bridge to or through LVRS in patients with end-stage lung emphysema and severe hypercapnia. Between January 2016 and May 2017, 125 patients with end-stage lung emphysema undergoing LVRS were prospectively enrolled into this study. Patients with severe hypercapnia caused by chronic respiratory failure were bridged to or through LVRS with low-flow VV ECLS (65 patients, group 1). Patients with preoperative normocapnia served as a control group (60 patients, group 2). In group 1, VV ECLS was implemented preoperatively in five patients and in 60 patients intraoperatively. Extracorporeal lung support was continued postoperatively in all 65 patients. Mean length of postoperative VV ECLS support was 3 ± 1 day. The 90 day mortality rate was 7.8% in group 1 compared with 5% in group 2 (p = 0.5). Postoperatively, a significant improvement was observed in quality of life, exercise capacity, and dyspnea symptoms in both groups. VV ECLS in patients with severe hypercapnia undergoing LVRS is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option. In particular, it increases the intraoperative safety, supports de-escalation of ventilatory strategies, and reduces the rate of postoperative complications in a cohort of patients considered ""high risk"" for LVRS in the current literature.",ECLS | hypercapnia | lung emphysema | LVRS,ASAIO Journal,2020-08-01,Conference Paper,"Akil, Ali;Ziegeler, Stephan;Reichelt, Jan;Lavae-Mokhtari, Mahyar;Freermann, Stefan;Semik, Michael;Fichter, Joachim;Rehers, Stephanie;Dickgreber, Nicolas Johannes;Richter, Lars;Ernst, Erik Christian;Fischer, Stefan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,How far are we from steady state?' On-line error bounds for steady state approximations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,On coordination of product and waste flows in distribution networks: model formulations and solution procedures,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The use of third party logistics services by large Western European manufacturers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Single machine scheduling to minimize total late work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Multi-Product Scheduling In Capacitated Multi-Stage Serial Systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An Operational Mechanism Design for Fleet Management Coordination in Humanitarian Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85043305732,10.1108/IJOPM-04-2016-0202,Relevance of humanitarian logistics research: best practices and way forward,"Purpose: This paper is based on a panel discussion at EurOMA 2015. The purpose of this paper is to identify a number of barriers to relevant research in humanitarian logistics. The authors propose a charter of ten rules for conducting relevant humanitarian research. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use operations management literature to identify best practices for doing research with practice. The authors compile, condense and interpret opinions expressed by three academics and one practitioner at the panel discussion, and illustrate them through quotes. Findings: The increasing volume of papers published in the humanitarian logistics literature has not led to a proportional impact on practice. The authors identify a number of reasons for this, such as poor problem definition, difficult access to data or lack of contextualization. The authors propose a charter of ten rules that have the potential to make humanitarian logistics research more relevant for practice. Practical implications: By developing best practices for doing relevant research in humanitarian logistics, this paper enables the academic community and practice to better work together on relevant and impactful research projects. Academic knowledge combined with practice-inspired problems has the potential to generate significant improvements to humanitarian practice. Originality/value: This paper is the first to address the problem of relevance of humanitarian logistics research. It is also one of the few papers involving a practitioner to discuss practical relevance of research. Through this unique approach, it is hoped that this paper provides a set of particularly helpful recommendations for researchers studying humanitarian logistics.",Humanitarian logistics | Relevance | Research with practice,International Journal of Operations and Production Management,2017-11-06,Article,"Kunz, Nathan;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Besiou, Maria;Hambye, Christophe;Kovács, Gyöngyi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Evidence-Based Vehicle Planning for Humanitarian Field Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85028526329,10.1080/00207543.2017.1367107,Assessing the economic and environmental impact of remanufacturing: a decision support tool for OEM suppliers,"The circular economy is often presented as a solution for companies to increase the sustainability of their business. In many situations where suppliers produce subassemblies or modules for OEMs in a B2B context, dependency on their clients limits their options for profitable closed-loop supply chains. In this paper, we develop a simple tool suppliers can use to quickly assess whether remanufacturing is economic and environmentally attractive compared to producing new components. We derive optimal acquisition and reuse quantities that minimise total costs. Based on our analysis with a supplier in the automotive industry, we find that used core prices and remanufacturing yield rates have a large impact while an optimised design for remanufacturing can only marginally improve the situation. The tool is applicable to a wide variety of suppliers and industries that remanufacture their modules or subassemblies, or are exploring the option to engage in remanufacturing operations.",circular economy | closed-loop supply chains | optimisation | remanufacturing | sustainability,International Journal of Production Research,2018-02-16,Article,"van Loon, Patricia;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Industrial Ecology,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85020409362,10.1111/poms.12730,A Prologue to the Special Issue on Not‐for‐Profit Operations Management,,,Production and Operations Management,2017-06-01,Article,"Berenguer, Gemma;Keskinocak, Pinar;Shanthikumar, J. George;Swaminathan, Jayashankar;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Global Vehicle Supply Chains in Humanitarian Operations: A Network Analysis Approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Nuevas reglas para la gestión de crisis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"767 Huaxia Rui, De Liu, Andrew Whinston",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Have we lost the ability to listen to bad news?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995887437,10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.011,Host government impact on the logistics performance of international humanitarian organisations,"Host governments severely impact international relief operations. An openness to assistance can lead to the timely delivery of aid whereas a reluctance to receive assistance can have devastating consequences. With lives at stake and no time to lose in humanitarian crises, understanding the host government's impact on the logistics performance of international humanitarian organisations (IHOs) is crucial. In this paper, we present an in-depth multiple-case study that explores this aspect. Results show that host government actions are explained by their dependency on IHOs and the levels of tensions between their interests (i.e., conflicting strategic goals). In addition, a host government's regulatory and enforcement capabilities are important for ensuring that they can safeguard their interests. We derive four stances that host governments can adopt in regulating logistics-related activities: non-restrictive, opportunistic, selectively accommodating and uncompromising. Each of these has different implications for the logistics performance of IHOs.",Complex emergencies | Delivery performance | Host governments | Humanitarian logistics,Journal of Operations Management,2016-11-01,Article,"Dube, N.;Van der Vaart, T.;Teunter, R. H.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85065146316,10.1007/s40070-014-0038-5,Subjectively biased objective functions,The maximization of an objective function is a cornerstone of OR/MS modeling. How can we integrate subjective values within these models without weakening their scientific objectivity? This paper proposes a methodological answer that maintains the objective function and relaxes the maximization principle. We introduce a class of biased models that combine an objective function with a “subjective” factor that biases the maximization of such a function. We present the main properties of these models as well as the axiomatic foundations that allow for the rigorous measurement of biasing factors. We invite OR/MS scholars to participate in the development of practical applications integrating ethical and sustainability values.,Bias | Ethics | Maximization principle | Measurement error | Modeling | Precautionary principle | Renewable electricity | Sustainability | Sustainable procurement | Threshold,EURO Journal on Decision Processes,2016-06-01,Article,"Le Menestrel, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84995887437,10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.011,Host government impact on the logistics performance of international humanitarian organisations,"Host governments severely impact international relief operations. An openness to assistance can lead to the timely delivery of aid whereas a reluctance to receive assistance can have devastating consequences. With lives at stake and no time to lose in humanitarian crises, understanding the host government's impact on the logistics performance of international humanitarian organisations (IHOs) is crucial. In this paper, we present an in-depth multiple-case study that explores this aspect. Results show that host government actions are explained by their dependency on IHOs and the levels of tensions between their interests (i.e., conflicting strategic goals). In addition, a host government's regulatory and enforcement capabilities are important for ensuring that they can safeguard their interests. We derive four stances that host governments can adopt in regulating logistics-related activities: non-restrictive, opportunistic, selectively accommodating and uncompromising. Each of these has different implications for the logistics performance of IHOs.",Complex emergencies | Delivery performance | Host governments | Humanitarian logistics,Journal of Operations Management,2016-11-01,Article,"Dube, N.;Van der Vaart, T.;Teunter, R. H.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84999836756,10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.012,Designing an efficient humanitarian supply network,"Increasingly, humanitarian organizations have opened regional warehouses and pre-positioned resources locally. Choosing appropriate locations is not easy and frequently based on opportunities rather than rational decisions. Dedicated decision-support systems could help humanitarian practitioners design their supply networks. Academic literature suggests the use of commercial sector models but rarely considers the constraints and specific context of humanitarian operations, such as obtaining accurate data, high uncertainties, limited budgets and increasing pressure on cost efficiency. We propose a tooled methodology to properly support humanitarian decision makers in the design of their supply chains. Our contribution is based on the definition of aggregate scenarios to reliably forecast demand using past disaster data and future trends. Demand for relief items based on these scenarios is then fed to a mixed-integer linear programming model in order to improve current supply networks. The specifications of this model have been defined in close collaboration with humanitarian workers. The model allows analysis of the impact of alternative sourcing strategies and service level requirements on operational efficiency. It provides clear and actionable recommendations for a given context, bridging the gap between academics and humanitarian logisticians. The methodology was developed to be useful to a broad range of humanitarian organizations, and a specific application to the supply chain design of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is discussed in detail.",Demand | Efficiency | Facility location | Humanitarian aid | Network design | Pre-positioning | Supply chain | Uncertainty,Journal of Operations Management,2016-11-01,Article,"Charles, Aurelie;Lauras, Matthieu;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Dupont, Lionel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84982162253,10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.008,Econometric estimation of deprivation cost functions: A contingent valuation experiment,"This paper details research to design an estimation process for Deprivation Cost Functions (DCF) using Contingent Valuation, and to apply it econometrically to obtain a DCF for drinkable water. The paper describes both the process and results obtained. The results indicate that deprivation costs for drinkable water have a non-linear relation with deprivation times. The estimated DCFs provide a consistent metric that could be incorporated into humanitarian logistic mathematical models, eliminating the need to use proxy metrics, and providing a better way to assess the impacts of delivery options and actions. The research reported in this paper is the first attempt in the literature to produce estimates of the economic value of human suffering created by the deprivation of a critical supply or service.",,Journal of Operations Management,2016-07-01,Article,"Holguín-Veras, José;Amaya-Leal, Johanna;Cantillo, Victor;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.;Aros-Vera, Felipe;Jaller, Miguel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,危机管理新法则,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84943277861,10.1111/poms.12384,The Strategy‐Focused Factory in Turbulent Times,"Few unfocused factories outperform competitors, but focus is elusive because the environment is constantly evolving and this requires changes to a factory's key tasks. So how can focus be achieved and sustained? We present insights derived from an historical analysis of the German Hewlett-Packard server plant which went through a series of focus changes over the years. Using this example, we provide clues for the right timing of focus changes and discuss critical structural and infrastructural changes required during the focus transitions, as well as cross-functional coordination and leadership challenges. Our assertion is that production operations constitute a system that can adapt to disruptive change by using the levers of manufacturing policies to stay focused on a limited but absolutely essential task which creates a strategic advantage.",focused factories | innovation factory | manufacturing strategy | operational excellence factory | solutions factory | structural and infrastructural changes,Production and Operations Management,2015-10-01,Article,"Brumme, Hendrik;Simonovich, Daniel;Skinner, Wickham;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Call for Papers: Special Issue of Production and Operations Management: Not for Profit Operations Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Consumer interest for remanufactured products-the effect of product-specific determinants.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Research and Management Insights,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,BAD NEWS & GOOD VIBES: Rational & Emotional Information in Complex New Product Development Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A LAGRANGIAN HEURISTIC FOR MULTILEVEL LOTSIZING,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85003051034,10.1108/cg.2012.26812daa.001,Corporate responsibility and the role of business in development,,,Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society,2012-08-03,Article,"Lenssen, Gilbert;Van Wassenhove, Luk;Pickard, Simon;Lenssen, Joris Johann",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,July. Managing Value in Supply Chain: Case Studies on the Sourcing Hub Concept,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Improving the design and management of agile supply chains: feedback and application in the context of humanitarian aid,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Humanitarian Logistics (INSEAD Business Press)(Hardcover),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Humanitarian Logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Af: 140 So what if remanufacturing cannibalizes my new product sales?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special Issue of Production and Operations Management: Measuring the Impact of Sustainable Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Building a Successful Partnership,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Coordination,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Humanitarianism,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Preparedness,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-80053315231,10.1007/s11750-010-0138-8,Logistics of Humanitarian Aid,"Each year people affected by disasters, either natural or human-made, can be counted by millions. When a major disaster strikes a country, local and international communities usually respond with an outpouring of assistance, which has to be efficiently managed in order to arrive where it is needed as soon as possible and under adverse conditions. Despite its importance, not until recently has Humanitarian Logistics received much attention as a specific field, and there is a lack of specific tools. In this work, a lexicographical goal programming model for distribution of goods to the affected population of a disaster in a developing country is presented, which sustains a decision support system currently in development. © 2010 Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa.",Goal programming | Humanitarian logistics | Multicriteria decision making,TOP,2011-12-01,Article,"Ortuño, M. T.;Tirado, G.;Vitoriano, B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-61449118693,10.1287/opre.1080.0628,The Evolution of Closed-Loop Supply Chain,"The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the field of closed-loop supply chains with a strong business perspective, i.e., we focus on profitable value recovery from returned products. It recounts the evolution of research in this growing area over the past 15 years, during which it developed from a narrow, technically focused niche area to a fully recognized subfield of supply chain management. We use five phases to paint an encompassing view of this evolutionary process for the reader to understand past achievements and potential future operations research opportunities. © 2009 INFORMS.",Closed-loop supply chains | Remanufacturing | Reverse logistics | Value-added recovery,Operations Research,2009-01-01,Article,"Guide, V. Daniel R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Fighting the Flu-Tamiflu Stockpiling: A Pandemic Preparedness Policy,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special Issue of Production and Operations Management: Measuring the Impact of Sustainable Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Management Insights,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,シミュレーション調査でわかった プロジェクト・マネジャーが陥る 「経験の罠」(Feature Articles 「協力する組織」 のマネジメント),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The Experience Trap-New research shows that experienced managers fail to learn in complex situations. That causes them to blow budgets, miss deadlines, and generate defective projects. Here's what your company can do to break the pattern.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Faculty & Research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Paradigm Shift,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Acknowledgment to Guest Associate Editors and Reviewers (2006),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS-Reverse channel design: The case of competing retailers Ah: 120,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Exploiting the Knowledge Economy: Issues. Applications and Case Studies 247 P. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (Eds.) IOS Press, 2006© 2006 The authors. All rights reserved.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Assessing the Value of Interoperability: An Example from the Automotive Industry,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Editorial––in honour of Bernhard Fleischmann,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Increasing industry clockspeed and supply chain co-ordination in the aerospace industry,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Measuring the added value of information technology: a process-oriented approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Demand chain management in action: Results from five exploratory case studies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Service design for integrated health care from multiple providers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Business Aspects of Closed-loop Supply Chains: International Conference on Closed-Loop Supply Chains, May 31-June 2, 2001, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037811331,10.1016/S0306-4379(02)00043-1,Empirical Validation of the Management Quality Model,"This paper describes the results of a 5-year research programme into evaluating and improving the quality of data models. The theoretical base for this work was a data model quality management framework proposed by Moody and Shanks (In: P. Loucopolous (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Entity Relationship Approach, Manchester, England, December 14-17, 1994). A combination of field and laboratory research methods (action research, laboratory experiments and systems development) was used to empirically validate the framework. This paper describes how the framework was used to: (a) quality assure a data model in a large application development project (product quality); (b) reengineer application development processes to build quality into the data analysis process (process quality); (c) investigate differences between data models produced by experts and novices; (d) provide automated support for the evaluation process (the Data Model Quality Advisor). The results of the research have been used to refine and extend the framework, to the point that it is now a stable and mature approach.",Action research | Data modelling | Entity relationship model | Quality assurance | Requirements analysis,Information Systems,2003-01-01,Article,"Moody, Daniel L.;Shanks, Graeme G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH: New Product Development Excellence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Procter & Gamble Crailsheim: The Management Quality Heptathlete,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,SEW Usocome: Consistent Management Quality in Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Johnson Controls’ Bochum Plant: People at the Center,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Visteon Charleville-Mézières Plant: Mastering Production,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Industrial Excellence Revisited,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Schwan-STABILO Heroldsberg—Technikum: Process Development Based on People,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Faurecia’s Neuburg Plant: Customer Integration Excellence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Manufacturing at the Beginning of the 21st Century: a New Mindset,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Solvay Automotive Group’s Laval Plant: Excellence in Strategy Formulation and Deployment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Alstom Transport Equipment Electronic Systems (EES): Supplier Integration Excellence,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Maximizing remanufacturing profit using product acquisition management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Industrial applicationsIndustrial applications,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,INS EAP,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The European Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Internet and Business-to-Business Financial Services Study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"P. Nyhuis et al., Logistische Kennlinien© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Channel choice and coordination in a remanufacturing environment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Dedication versus flexibility in field service operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR at Work: Practical Experiences of Operational Research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Software Excellence: Whether you're crafting a distribution system or developing a new product, your strength is a function of your software",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Recent trends in the adoption of software best practices by european software developers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,1997 Software Best Practice Survey: Analysis of Results,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Roadmap for Joint Supply-Chain Improvement Projects Based on Real-Life Cases,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR at WORK: Practical experiences of operational research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030680001,,Courseware development and software engineering,This paper examines the validity of paradigm engineering for software development and considers the current use of some software engineering ideas to enhance the quality of courseware products and to manage and control their development. It also offer a courseware lifecycle development and deployment model that maps well into current practice in modularized higher education and the needs of undergraduate computer science education.,,"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Quality Engineering, SQE",1997-01-01,Conference Paper,"Traxler, J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Feature Issues 1988-1997,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,1995 and 1996 software best practice surveys: a comparative analysis of results,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,1996 software best practice survey: analysis of results,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,B-School Brain Trust/Planting Excellence: Gone are the days when manufacturing excellence could be measured by output alone,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"universities and training institutes."" What constitutes successful OR practice",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,maintenance personnel',,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029667385,10.1007/BF00782150,An efficient budget allocation policy for decentralisation of responsibility for site decontamination projects,"Selection and execution of site decontamination projects is often best left to local authorities, in accordance with the subsidiarity principle, even though the budget for such projects is made available through a central authority. In this paper we suggest a practical budget allocation policy which a central authority can employ to allocate budgets to local authorities, while still optimising the central authority's environmental objective function. The procedure is fully consistent with the principle of decentralisation of responsibility for selection and execution of projects, and requires a minimum information exchange between local and central levels. Despite the information asymmetry between local and central levels, incentive compatibility problems can be (partially) prevented by choosing an appropriate evaluation mechanism. At the same time, the procedure is computationally effective and efficient, and can guarantee a fair budget allocation, making it easy to implement and politically acceptable. © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers.",Budget allocation | Decentralisation | Groves mechanism | Mathematical programming | Site decontamination,Environmental and Resource Economics,1996-01-01,Article,"Corbett, Charles J.;Debets, Frank J.C.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR and the environment: a fruitful combination.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"De invloed van retourstromen op distributie-, reductie-en andere bedrijfsprocessen",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,1995 software best practice questionnaire: analysis of results,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149211997,10.1016/0377-2217(95)00057-w,Ninth EURO summer institute,,,European Journal of Operational Research,1995-10-05,Editorial,"Schneeweiß, Christoph;Fleischmann, Bernhard;Van Wassenhove, Luk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special Issue: OR Models for Maintenance Management and Quality Control,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special Issue: 9th EURO Summer Institute-Hierarchical Planning,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reversed logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software development effort estimation based on significant productivity factors(general and company specific models),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"France.*** Professor of Operations Management and Operations Research at INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Local search heuristics for single machine tardiness sequencing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"1 A review of optimisation models of Kanban-based production systems (Invited Review) W.. Price, M. Gravel and AL Nsakanda 13 Alternative optimization strategies for large-scale production-allocation problems",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,On the Impact of Product Remanufacturing and Recycling on Operations Mangement,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030574669,10.1016/0377-2217(94)00211-8,The Distribution and Waste Disposal Problem,"We study the problem of the simultaneous design of a distribution network with plants and waste disposal units, and the coordination of product flows and waste flows within this network. The objective is to minimize the sum of fixed costs for opening plants and waste disposal units, and variable costs related to product and waste flows. The problem is complicated by (i) capacity constraints on plants and waste disposal units, (ii) service requirements (i.e. production must cover total demand) and (iii) waste, arising from production, to be disposed of at waste disposal units. We discuss alternative mathematical model formulations for the two-level distribution and waste disposal problem with capacity constraints. Lower bounding and upper bounding procedures are analyzed. The bounds are shown to be quite effective when embedded in a standard branch and bound algorithm. Finally, the results of a computational study are reported.",Capacitated facility location | Heuristics | Mixed integer programming | Relaxations,European Journal of Operational Research,1996-02-08,Article,"Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M.;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Time competition is capability competition,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An experimental analysis of steady state convergence in simple queueing systems: Implications for FMS models,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Heuristics for the discrete lotsizing and scheduling problem with setup times, hernieuwde versie van 90-13",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Budget allocation policies for site decontamination: a mathematical programming approach,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Trade-offs? What trade-offs?(Competence and competitiveness in manufacturing strategy),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Planning KLM's aircraft maintenance personnel,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A comparison of experienced American and European manufacturers with third party logistics services,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An experimental analysis of steady state convergence in simple queueing systems: implications for FMS models,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Estrategias productivas y prioridades competitivas,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Special Issue on Measuring Manufacturing Flexibility,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34250081223,10.1007/BF02023005,Statistical search methods for lotsizing problems,"This paper reports on our experiments with statistical search methods for solving lotsizing problems in production planning. In lotsizing problems the main objective is to generate a minimum cost production and inventory schedule, such that (i) customer demand is satisfied, and (ii) capacity restrictions imposed on production resources are not violated. We discuss our experiences in solving these, in general NP-hard, lotsizing problems with popular statistical search techniques like simulated annealing and tabu search. The paper concludes with some critical remarks on the use of statistical search methods for solving lotsizing problems. © 1993 J.C. Baltzer AG, Science Publishers.",Lotsizing | mixed-integer programming | simulated annealing | tabu search,Annals of Operations Research,1993-12-01,Article,"Salomon, Marc;Kuik, Roelof;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Strategic marketing, production, and distribution planning of an integrated manufacturing system",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Lagrangian Heuristic for Multilevel Lotsizing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,On coordination of product and waste flows in distribution networks: model formulation and solution procedures,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Strategic marketing, production, and distribution planning of an integrated manufacturing system",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"13. Hofstede, G.: Culture and Management Development (Discussion Paper) Geneva, International Labour Office, 1983. 14. Giddens, A.: The Constitution of Society, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1984. 15. Whittington, R.'Putting Giddens into Action: Social Systems and Managerial Agency'Journal of Management Studies, 1992, 29 (6), 693-715.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Efficient models for the facility layout problem SS Heragu and A. Kusiak The zone-constrained location problem on a network O. Berman, D. Einav and G. Handler Heuristics for the p-hub location problem",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operational research can do more for managers than they think,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A fully polynomial approximation scheme for scheduling a single machine to minimize total weighted late work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028766161,10.1016/0377-2217(94)90338-7,A set partitioning heuristic for the generalized assignment problem,"This paper discusses a heuristic for the generalized assignment problem (GAP). The objective of GAP is to minimize the costs of assigning J jobs to M capacity constrained machines, such that each job is assigned to exactly one machine. The problem is known to be NP-Hard, and it is hard from a computational point of view as well. The heuristic proposed here is based on column generation techniques, and yields both upper and lower bounds. On a set of relatively hard test problems the heuristic is able to find solutions that are on average within 0.13% from optimality. © 1994.",Column generation | Dual ascent | Generalized assignment problem | Set partitioning,European Journal of Operational Research,1994-01-06,Article,"Cattrysse, Dirk G.;Salomon, Marc;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000172677,10.1006/jeem.1993.1015,Managerial incentives and environmental compliance,"This paper uses a principal-agent model to analyze the role of monetary incentives to implement corporate environmental policy. The model assumes that the agent has to split a limited amount of effort between two tasks: profit enhancement and environmental risk reduction. We find that when the agent′s effort constraint is not binding, wages should increase with performance in each task. Moreover, the sharpness of the optimal monetary incentives for a given task should depend positively on the principal′s eagerness to influence performance on this task, and on the accuracy of the monitoring technology. When the agent′s effort constraint is binding, however, the necessity for the principal to provide insurance to the agent may make it inefficient to link managerial effort expended on environmental risk reduction to the corporate compensation system. © 1993 by Academic Press, Inc.",,Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1993-01-01,Article,"Gabel, H. Landis;Sinclair-Desgagneé, Bernard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operationele research en milieu: een vruchtbare combinatie [a fruitfull combination],,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An Integrated Approach to Performance Indicators in Production and Operations Management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operationele research en milieu.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operationele research en milieu: een vruchtbare combinatie,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Integrated Scheduling with Batching and Lot-sizing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Recent results on the Discrete Lotsizing and Scheduling Problem,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"MRP, JIT, and OPT Conflicting Or Complementary",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,1 Editorial 2 Joint replenishment inventory control: Deterministic and stochastic models SK Goyal and AT~ attr 14 Plant location and vehicle routing in the Malaysian rubber smallholder sector: A case study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Logistiek: meer dan een modewoord.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Operationele research kan meer voor u doen dan u denkt!,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Computational Comparison of different single level capacitated dynamic lotsizing algorithms,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Recente Productiebesturingssytemen: aspecten van capaciteitsplanning,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Produktiebesturingssystemen: een vergelijking van MRP, Kanban en OPT",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Microcomputers software voor beheertoepassingen,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Mathematical aspects of scheduling and applicatons: R. Bellman, AO Esogbue and I. Nabeshima Volume 4 in: International Series in Modern Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982, xiv+ 329 pages,£ 17.50",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Deterministic and stochastic scheduling: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study and Research Institute on Theoretical Approaches to Scheduling Problems, held in Durham, England, July 6–17, 1981: NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1982, xii+ 419 pages, Dfl. 110.00",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Kanban systeem voor produktie-en voorraadcontrole,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Industrial Management: 13 cases in Belgian Industry,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Studies in operations management: Arnoldo C. HAX (ed.) Vol. 6 in: Studies in Management Science and Systems (Burton V. Dean, Ed.) North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978, viii+ 592 pages, Dfl. 160.00, US $71.00",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Dualiteit in niet-lineaire programmering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Comparative evaluation of four solution techniques for solving complex scheduling problems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Coordinating aggregate and detailed scheduling in a flowshop,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Korte termijnplanning in een werkplaats van het type job-shop,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Het balanceren van produktielijnen,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Gevallenstudie: distribution management,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A decision procedure for investment in a multidepartment environment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OR FORUM,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029520394,10.1111/poms.12760,Estimation of deprivation level functions using a numerical rating scale,"Evaluating and quantifying human suffering in humanitarian operations offers an innovative and potentially powerful way to assess the performance of humanitarian logistics (HL) and help build optimization models. Previous studies have suggested deprivation cost as a metric and have estimated deprivation cost functions for water using willingness-to-pay. Our study proposes deprivation levels, defined as the degree of human suffering caused by lack of access to a good or service, and estimates deprivation level functions using a numerical rating scale. Analyzing data collected from respondents with and without disaster experience, we find that individuals in the latter category estimate deprivation differently from the beneficiaries of disaster relief. Our study demonstrates that deprivation levels can be expressed as logistic growth functions with a typical S-shape, and that these can be integrated into HL optimization models to better account for human suffering.",deprivation level | human suffering | humanitarian logistics | numerical rating scale,Production and Operations Management,2017-11-01,Article,"Wang, Xihui;Wang, Xiang;Liang, Liang;Yue, Xiaohang;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"173 Anupam Agrawal, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Sameer Hasija",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Research and Management Insights,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Research and Management Insights,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ON THE DISASTER RESPONSE EFFORT IN HAITI,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Humanitarian aid remains largely driven by anecdote rather than by evidence. The contemporary humanitarian system has significant weaknesses with regard to data collection, analysis, and action at all stages of response to crises involving armed conflict or natural disaster. This paper argues that humanitarian actors can best determine and respond to vulnerabilities and needs if they use sex‐and...",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85096669663,10.1111/poms.13284,Supplier Assessments in Total-Cost Auctions,"Buyers are increasingly pressured to ensure sustainability of their suppliers, but they are also under pressure for low-cost procurement. To make a more informed procurement decision, a buyer can choose to invest in sustainability assessments, and select a supplier based on their price bids and cost markup terms informed by the sustainability assessments. However, sustainability assessments are costly, and whether to use them is at the discretion of the buyer. Hence, the buyer can instead choose to forgo the assessments and select a supplier based on price only. In this study, we explore this trade-off. We find that the value of assessments depends on the buyer’s business environment in some surprising ways. For example, although sustainability assessments are used to identify the suppliers’ sustainability levels, greater ex ante variability and a decrease in suppliers’ average sustainability levels (e.g., facing a supplier base in a country with looser sustainability regulations) can decrease the value of sustainability assessments. We find that the presence of an outside option (e.g., internal production) alters the assessment policy significantly. We also explore when the buyer may prefer to assess only a subset of her suppliers. Although motivated by the use of sustainability assessments, our results are generalizable to settings where the buyer has the option to invest in total-cost assessments on her potential suppliers’ unknown, non-biddable, differentiator-type attributes.",supplier assessments | sustainability assessments | sustainable procurement | total-cost auctions,Production and Operations Management,2021-04-01,Article,"Aral, Karca D.;Beil, Damian R.;Van Wassenhove, Luk N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"BEQ April 2016 Vol. 26, No. 2",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,THE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,BROOKS’LAW REVISITED: IMPROVING SOFTWARE PRODUCTIVITY BY MANAGING COMPLEXITY,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,of host publication,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,of host publication,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,of host publication,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Inside CMR,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,PUBLIC SECTOR APPLICATIONS (9/91),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,José Holguín-Veras,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,North-American Editor Professor Peter Kelle Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences Louisiana State University,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,DELIVERABLE 1.4,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,OM Raft,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,I Invited Review Creativity in problem solving and planning: a review,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,North-American Editor Professor Peter Kelle Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences Louisiana State University,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Invited Reviews 1995±1999,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,SURVEYS IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Achary, KK, see CR Seshan, 9 (4) 347-352 Adlakha, VG and GS Fishman, Starting and stopping rules for simulations using a priori information, 10 (4) 379-394 Aggarwal, SC, A focussed review of scheduling in services. 9 (2) ll4-121",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Crowd of Watchdogs: Toward a model of stakeholder agenda-setting in response to corporate initiatives,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"INDEX TO VOLUME 21, 2012",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Providing a “tailor-made” training assistance to industries,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Providing a “tailor-made” training assistance to industries,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Challenge of Closed-Loop Supply Chains,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau, France.** Professor of Operations Management and Operations Research, at INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau, France.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032664427,10.1287/mnsc.45.6.787,General and Company Specific Models,"In this paper we present the results of our effort estimation analysis of a European Space Agency database consisting of 108 software development projects. We develop and evaluate simple empirical effort estimation models that include only those productivity factors found to be significant for these projects and determine if models based on a multicompany database can be successfully used to make effort estimations within a specific company. This was accomplished by developing company specific effort estimation models based on the significant productivity factors of a particular company and by comparing the results with those from general ESA models on a holdout sample of the company. To our knowledge, no other published research has yet developed and analysed software development effort estimation models in this way. Effort predictions made on a holdout sample of the individual company's projects using general models were less accurate than the company specific model. However, it is likely that in the absence of enough resources and data for a company to develop its own model, the application of general models may be more accurate than the use of guessing and intuition.",,Management Science,1999-01-01,Article,"Maxwell, Katrina;Van Wassenhove, Luk;Dutta, Soumitra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Planning KLM's aircraft maintenance personnel,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030125476,10.1016/0377-2217(95)00349-5,Local Search Heuristics for Single Machine Scheduling with Batching to Minimize the Number of Late Jobs,"Local search heuristics are developed for a problem of scheduling jobs on a single machine. Jobs are partitioned into families, and a set-up time is necessary when there is a switch in processing jobs from one family to jobs of another family. The objective is to minimize the number of late jobs. Four alternative local search methods are proposed: multi-start descent, simulated annealing, tabu search and a genetic algorithm. The performance of these heuristics is evaluated on a large set of test problems. The best results are obtained with the genetic algorithm; multi-start descent also performs quite well.",Batches: Set-up time | Descent | Genetic algorithm | Local search heuristics | Scheduling | Simulated annealing | Single machine | Tabu search,European Journal of Operational Research,1996-01-01,Article,"Crauwels, H. A.J.;Potts, C. N.;Van Wassenhove, L. N.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An integrated and structured approach to improve maintenance. Part II: Application,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Centre for Integrated Manufacturing and Service Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Responsibility of Firms,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Faculty & Research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Magazine,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Box 9101, 6700 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands.** Department of Mathematics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 4, 6703 HA Wageninen, the Netherlands.*** Center for Environment and Climate Studies, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 9101, 6700 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,CN Potts,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Centre for Integrated Manufacturing and Service Operations,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An integrated and structured approach to improve maintenance. Part I: Concepts,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,C~~ PUTER SOCIETY,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of information technology on supply chain performance: the ERP phenomenon,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,1. Vehicle routing issues in Reverse Logistics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France.** Professor of Operations Management and Operations Research at INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The effect of an initial budget and schedule goal on software project escalation: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025212926,10.1109/52.43055,Investigating the cost/schedule trade-off in software development,,,IEEE Software,1990-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025491424,10.1016/0164-1212(90)90035-K,On the utility of historical project statistics for cost and schedule estimation: Results from a simulation-based case study,"Estimating the duration and cost of software projects has traditionally been, and continues to be, fraught with peril. This is in spite of the fact that over the last decade a large number of quantitative software estimation models have been developed. Our objective in this article is to challenge two fundamental assumptions that underlie research practices in the area of software estimation, which may be directly contributing to the industry's poor track record to date. Both concern the ""fitness"" of raw historical project statistics for calibrating and evaluating (new) estimation models. A system dynamics model of the software development process is developed and used as the experimentation vehicle for this study. An overview of the model's structure is presented, followed by a discussion of the two experiments conducted and their results. In the first, we demonstrate why it is inadequate to assess the accuracy of (new) estimation tools simply on the basis of how accurately they replicate old projects. Second, we show why raw historical project results do not necessarily constitute the most ""preferred"" and reliable benchmark for future estimation. © 1990.",,The Journal of Systems and Software,1990-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0345818033,10.2307/249488,The impact of goals on software project management: An experimental investigation,"Over the last three decades, a significant stream of research in organizational behavior has established the importance of goals in regulating human behavior. The precise degree of association between goals and action, however, remains an empirical question since people may, for example, make errors and/or lack the ability to attain their goals. This may be particularly true in dynamically complex task environments, such as the management of software development. To date, goal setting research in the software engineering field has emphasized the development of tools to identify, structure, and measure software development goals. In contrast, there has been little microempirical analysis of how goals affect managerial decision behavior. The current study attempts to address this research problem. It investigated the impact of different project goals on software project planning and resource allocation decisions and, in turn, on project performance. The research question was explored through a role-playing project simulation game in which subjects played the role of software project managers. Two multigoal structures were tested, one for cost/schedule and the other quality/schedule. The cost/schedule group opted for smaller cost adjustments and was more willing to extend the project completion time. The quality/schedule group, on the other hand, acquired a larger staff level in the later stages of the project and allocated a higher percentage of the larger staff level to quality assurance. A cost/schedule goal led to lower cost, while a quality/schedule goal led to higher quality. These findings suggest that given specific software project goals, managers do make planning and resource allocation choices in such a way that will meet those goals. The implications of the results for project management practice and research are discussed.",Goals | Software cost | Software project management | Software quality,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.;Sengupta, Kishore;Swett, Clint",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The psychology of sunk cost,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85024266521,10.1145/581571.581582,Ten unmyths of project estimation,,,Communications of the ACM,2002-11-01,Article,"Armour, Phillip",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Towards experimental analysis of human motivation in terms of motives, expectancies and incentives",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Project management: Cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, it's time to accept other success criteria",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Social Learning Theory,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2542567565,10.1037/0022-3514.45.5.1017,Self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems,"Tested the hypothesis that self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms mediate the effects of goal systems on performance motivation. These self-reactive influences are activated through cognitive comparison requiring both personal standards and knowledge of performance. 45 male and 45 female undergraduates performed a strenuous activity with either goals and performance feedback, goals alone, feedback alone, or without either factor. The condition combining performance information and a standard had a strong motivational impact, whereas neither goals alone nor feedback alone effected changes in motivation. When both comparative factors were present, the evaluative and efficacy self-reactive influences predicted the magnitude of motivation enhancement. The higher the self-dissatisfaction with substandard performance and the stronger the perceived self-efficacy for goal attainment, the greater was the subsequent intensification of effort. When one comparative factor was lacking, the self-reactive influences were differentially related to performance motivation, depending on the nature of the partial information and on the type of subjective comparative structure imposed on the activity. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1983 American Psychological Association.","goal systems, performance motivation, college students | self efficacy & | self evaluation &",Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1983-11-01,Article,"Bandura, Albert;Cervone, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Theory-W software project management principles and examples,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034557951,10.1023/A:1018991717352,Software development cost estimation approaches—A survey,"This paper summarizes several classes of software cost estimation models and techniques: parametric models, expertise-based techniques, learning-oriented techniques, dynamics-based models, regression-based models, and composite-Bayesian techniques for integrating expertise-based and regression-based models. Experience to date indicates that neural-net and dynamics-based techniques are less mature than the other classes of techniques, but that all classes of techniques are challenged by the rapid pace of change in software technology. The primary conclusion is that no single technique is best for all situations, and that a careful comparison of the results of several approaches is most likely to produce realistic estimates.",,Annals of Software Engineering,2000-01-01,Article,"Boehm, Barry;Abts, Chris;Chulani, Sunita",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,he escalation phenomenon reconsidered: Decision dilemmas or decision errors?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001327575,10.1016/0022-1031(79)90011-8,Factors affecting withdrawal from an escalating conflict: Quitting before it's too late,"In an experimental study of ""entrapping"" conflicts -situations in which a decisionmaker may continue to expend resources in part to justify previous expenditures-subjects were given an initial stake of $4.00 and had the opportunity to win an additional $2.00 jackpot. Two independent variables (Process of Resource Allocation and Prior Limit-Setting) were combined in a 2 × 3 design. Once the subjects had started to invest, half of them had to make an ""active"" decision to continue. Unless they actively decided to continue, their investments automatically ceased and they were no longer eligible for the jackpot (Selfterminating condition). The other half only had to make a ""passive"" decision to continue. Unless they actively decided to dis continue, their investments for the jackpot automatically increased (Self-sustaining condition). In addition, before investments began, some subjects were asked to inform the experimenter of the nonbinding limit they had set on the amount they planned to invest (Public condition), some were asked to set a limit which they kept to themselves (Private condition), while a third group was not asked to set a limit (Control condition). Subjects invested significantly more money in the Self-sustaining condition. Also, investments were somewhat greater in the Control than the Public condition. Although the mean investments in the Public and Private conditions did not differ, those in the Public condition deviated significantly less from their earlier set limits, suggesting greater commitment to these limits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 1979.",,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1979-01-01,Article,"Brockner, Joel;Shaw, Myril C.;Rubin, Jeffrey Z.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030188304,10.1006/obhd.1996.0063,Goal orientation in organizational research: A conceptual and empirical foundation,"Although some have argued that goal orientation could be beneficially integrated into organizational research, progress in this area has been impeded by several problematic conceptual issues and a lack of validated dispositional measures. This research was intended to address these issues and to provide a foundation for future organizational research in this area. We argue that goal orientation is a two-dimensional construct that has both dispostional and situational components. In each of four independent studies, LISREL VIII confirmatory factor analyses (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1993) illustrated that a two-factor model fit a set of goal orientation items better than a single-factor model. In addition, the latent goal orientations were found to be uncorrelated in each study. Moreover, correlational analyses indicated that demographic and substantive variables exhibited differential relationships with the latent learning goal and performance goal orientation constructs. Other analyses illustrated that the dispositional and situational aspects of goal orientation are distinguishable. Collectively, the results provided ample support for the convergent and discriminant validity of eight-item measures of each goal orientation and help to define the nomological network within which the two goal orientations reside. The importance of goal orientation as a multidimensional construct is discussed and several recommendations for further research are suggested. © 1996 Academic Press, Inc.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1996-01-01,Article,"Button, Scott B.;Mathieu, John E.;Zajac, Dennis M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,CHAOS manifesto 2010,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85063938302,10.4324/9780203774441,Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences,"This classic text on multiple regression is noted for its nonmathematical, applied, and data-analytic approach. Readers profit from its verbal-conceptual exposition and frequent use of examples. The applied emphasis provides clear illustrations of the principles and provides worked examples of the types of applications that are possible. Researchers learn how to specify regression models that directly address their research questions. An overview of the fundamental ideas of multiple regression and a review of bivariate correlation and regression and other elementary statistical concepts provide a strong foundation for understanding the rest of the text. The third edition features an increased emphasis on graphics and the use of confidence intervals and effect size measures, and an accompanying website with data for most of the numerical examples along with the computer code for SPSS, SAS, and SYSTAT, at www.psypress.com/9780805822236 Applied Multiple Regression serves as both a textbook for graduate students and as a reference tool for researchers in psychology, education, health sciences, communications, business, sociology, political science, anthropology, and economics. An introductory knowledge of statistics is required. Self-standing chapters minimize the need for researchers to refer to previous chapters.",,"Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Third Edition",2013-01-01,Book,"Cohen, Jacob;Cohen, Patricia;West, Stephen G.;Aiken, Leona S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0030082315,10.1287/mnsc.42.2.173,New product development: The performance and time-to-market tradeoff,"Reduction of new product development cycle time and improvements in product performance have become strategic objectives for many technology-driven firms. These goals may conflict, however, and firms must explicitly consider the tradeoff between them. In this paper we introduce a multistage model of new product development process which captures this trade-off explicitly. We show that if product improvements are additive (over stages), it is optimal to allocate maximal time to the most productive development stage. We then indicate how optimal time-to-market and its implied product performance targets vary with exogenous factors such as the size of the potential market, the presence of existing and new products, profit margins, the length of the window of opportunity, the firm's speed of product improvement, and competitor product performance. We show that some new product development metrics employed in practice, such as minimizing break-even time, can be sub-optimal if firms are striving to maximize profits. We also determine the minimal speed of product improvement required for profitably undertaking new product development, and discuss the implications of product replacement which can occur whenever firms introduce successive generations of new products. Finally, we show that an improvement in the speed of product development does not necessarily lead to an earlier time-to-market, but always leads to enhanced products.",New Product Development | New Product Performance | Time-to-market,Management Science,1996-01-01,Article,"Cohen, Morris A.;Eliashberg, Jehoshua;Ho, Teck Hua",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The role of project completion information in resource allocation decisions,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001695876,10.1080/07421222.1995.11518097,Software processes and project performance,"Firms developing software face increasing pressures to improve project outcomes in terms of product quality, productivity, time to market, and customer satisfaction. As projects expand in size and complexity, and competition grows, firms are reengineering their software processes. They are adopting more intensive procedures for requirements management, project planning, defect tracking, configuration management, design and code inspections, and so forth. To assess the effectiveness of these efforts, we conducted a survey of senior practitioners at the 1993 Software Engineering Process Group National Meeting. The survey asked participants about the processes followed on, and the outcome of, a specific software project. Certain practices-notably project planning and cross-functional teams-were consistently associated with favorable outcomes. Based on the survey results, other practices may have little impact on project outcomes. Copyright © 1996 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Cross-functional teams | Software development processes | Software project management | Software project planning,Journal of Management Information Systems,1996-01-01,Article,"Deephouse, Christopher;Mukhopadhyay, Tridas;Goldenson, Dennis R.;Kellner, Marc I.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing project uncertainty: From variation to chaos,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025665275,,"Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality and Development",,,Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,1990-01-01,Article,"Dweck, C. S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149372679,10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256,A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality,"Past work has documented and described major patterns of adaptive and maladaptive behavior: the mastery-oriented and the helpless patterns. In this article, we present a research-based model that accounts for these patterns in terms of underlying psychological processes. The model specifies how individuals' implicit theories orient them toward particular goals and how these goals set up the different patterns. Indeed, we show how each feature (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) of the adaptive and maladaptive patterns can be seen to follow directly from different goals. We then examine the generality of the model and use it to illuminate phenomena in a wide variety of domains. Finally, we place the model in its broadest context and examine its implications for our understanding of motivational and personality processes.",,Psychological Review,1988-01-01,Article,"Dweck, Carol S.;Leggett, Ellen L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002220735,10.1037/0021-9010.69.1.69,Effect of goal acceptance on the relationship of goal difficulty to performance,"Tested the hypotheses that goal acceptance moderates the relationship of goal difficulty to task performance as follows: (a) The relationship is positive and linear for accepted goals; (b) it is negative and linear if the goal is rejected; and thus, (c) slope reversal from positively to negatively linear relationships is associated with transition from positive to negative values of goal acceptance. The experiment was a within-S design, allowing for high variance in acceptance, with technicians and engineers (21-50 yrs of age) divided at random into a 2-phase experimental condition (n = 104) with specific goal difficulty gradually increasing from Trial 1 to 7 and a control group (n = 36) with the general instructions to ""do your best."" Instructions for Phase 2 differed from Phase 1 in that Ss were instructed to reassess their acceptance of difficult goals. The task consisted of determining, within 2-min trials, how many digits or letters in a row were the same as the circled one to the left of each row. Results support the hypotheses. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).","goal acceptance & objective difficulty, performance on perception speed test, 12-50 yr old technicians & engineers",Journal of Applied Psychology,1984-02-01,Article,"Erez, Miriam;Zidon, Isaac",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036441064,10.1207/S15324834BASP2404_3,Escalation behavior as a specific case of goal-directed activity: A persistence paradigm,"This article presents a theoretical reconceptualization of escalation behavior as an instance of persistence, or the basic tendency to bring goal-directed behaviors to completion. Most past efforts to explain escalation (e.g., self-justification theory and prospect theory) have tended to underscore the sequela of sunk costs and emphasize issues of emotional or cognitive bias. Lewinian and Atkinsonian theories of motivation, as well as contemporary theories, are employed as the basis for an alternative, persistence paradigm, emphasizing the continuity of inertial elements central to all forms of human motivation. This paradigm is used to derive key theoretical constructs such as proximal closure, clarity of completion, goal valence, or intrinsic interests active in escalation. Particular attention is drawn to the empirical viability of the paradigm, its utility in integrating past research and theory, and its potential contribution in framing new research and generating practical means of intervention or control.",,Basic and Applied Social Psychology,2002-01-01,Review,"Fox, Shaul;Huffman, Michael",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-58149204529,10.1037/0021-9010.75.6.728,Throwing good money after bad: The effect of sunk costs on the decision to escalate commitment to an ongoing project,"The functional relationship between sunk costs and the decision to continue investment in a research and development (R&D) project was examined in an experiment with 407 undergraduate business students. Ss read an R&D scenario in which 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, or 90% of a $10 million budget had been invested. One group of Ss indicated the likelihood of their allocating all remaining funds to finish the project. A second group indicated the likelihood of their allocating the next $1 million to continue the project. A third group indicated the likelihood that the project would be profitable. Strong, linear sunk-cost effects were observed in the first 2 groups, with no indication that incremental costs played any role in decision making. Nonsignificant results in the 3rd group suggest that the effects observed in the 1st group were not a function of higher outcome expectations among Ss with higher sunk costs.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1990-01-01,Article,"Garland, Howard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032336529,10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01359.x,Too close to quit: The role of project completion in maintaining commitment,"Conlon and Garland (1993) demonstrated that information about the degree of project completion, as compared with information about sunk costs, seemed to be the driving force behind continued investment in an R&D project. In the present paper, we replicate and extend this work. In studies with experienced bank managers, Chinese graduate students, and advanced-level MBA students, we find overwhelming support for the importance of project completion on investment intentions, with no indication of typical sunk cost effects. We argue that our results support a goal substitution explanation for many escalation phenomena where, as progress moves forward on a project, completion of the project itself takes increasing precedence over other goals (e.g., economic profit) that may have been more salient at the time the project was initiated.",,Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1998-01-01,Article,"Garland, Howard;Conlon, Donald E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002822936,10.1016/0749-5978(91)90005-E,Effects of absolute and relative sunk costs on the decision to persist with a course of action,"Two experiments were designed in order to examine how D. Kahneman and A. Tversky's (1979, 1984) assertions from prospect theory, that mental accounts are organized topically, might relate to sunk cost effects in decision-making. In each experiment, the absolute magnitude (dollars) and the relative magnitude (dollars in proportion to an overall project budget) of sunk costs were manipulated independently across four different decision problems. Subjects responded to each problem with the probability that if faced with the situation described, they would commit the remaining funds to the action that they had initiated. The subjects in Experiment 1 were undergraduate business students, fulfilling a course requirement. Those in Experiment 2 were MBA students, participating on a purely voluntary basis. Very consistent findings emerged across both experiments, where relative rather than absolute magnitude of sunk costs had a significant impact on subjects' reported likelihood of committing additional funds to some action. These findings support the idea that a topical organization of mental accounts, where existing investments are compared with a reference state in a manner consistent with that prescribed by prospect theory, underlies sunk cost effects in decision-making. © 1991.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991-01-01,Article,"Garland, Howard;Newport, Stephanie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001253867,10.1037/0021-9010.75.6.721,De-escalation of commitment in oil exploration: When sunk costs and negative feedback coincide,"Three experiments were conducted to examine the combined effects of sunk costs and negative feedback on decisions to escalate or withdraw from a petroleum-exploration venture. In Experiments 1 and 2, petroleum geologists responded to scenarios in which from 1 to 4 dry wells had been drilled. Number of dry wells was manipulated both between subjects (Experiment 1) and within subjects (Experiment 2). Contrary to earlier research, the higher the sunk cost (i.e., the greater the number of dry wells), the less likely geologists were to authorize funds to continue with the venture and the lower their estimates were of the likelihood that the next well would be productive. In Experiment 3, university students responded to our oil-drilling scenarios. Results of this experiment were in the same direction as that found with the geologists but were considerably weaker and were not statistically significant.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1990-01-01,Article,"Garland, Howard;Sandefur, Craig A.;Rogers, Anne C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Escalation and deescalation of commitment in response to sunk costs: The role of budgeting in mental accounting,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001388217,10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.212,"Goal commitment and the goal setting process: Problems, prospects and proposals for future research","The purpose of this article is to examine the role of goal commitment in goal-setting research. Despite Locke's (1968) specification that commitment to goals is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of goal setting, a majority of studies in this area have ignored goal commitment. In addition, results of studies that have examined the effects of goal commitment were typically inconsistent with conceptualization of commitment as a moderator. Building on past research, we have developed a model of the goal commitment process and then used it to reinterpret past goal-setting research. We show that the widely varying sizes of the effect of goal difficulty, conditional effects of goal difficulty, and inconsistent results with variables such as participation can largely be traced to main and interactive effects of the variables specified by the model. © 1987 American Psychological Association.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,1987-01-01,Article,"Hollenbeck, John R.;Klein, Howard J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032223749,10.1080/07421222.1998.11518200,Software cost estimation using economic production models,"One of the major difficulties in controlling software development project cost overruns and schedule delays has been developing practical and accurate software cost models. Software development could be modeled as an economic production process and we therefore propose a theoretical approach to software cost modeling. Specifically, we present the Minimum Software Cost Model (MSCM), derived from economic production theory and systems optimization. The MSCM model is compared with other widely used software cost models, such as COCOMO and SLIM, on the basis of goodness of fit and quality of estimation using software project data sets available in the literature. Judged by both criteria, the MSCM model is comparable to, if not better than, the SLIM, and significantly better than the rest of the models. In addition, the MSCM model provides some insights about the behavior of software development processes and environment, which could be used to formulate guidelines for better software project management polic es and practices.",Economic production theory | Software cost estimation | Software cost models | Software production | Software project management,Journal of Management Information Systems,1998-01-01,Article,"Hu, Qing;Plant, Robert T.;Hertz, David B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0023984512,10.1109/52.2014,Characterizing the software process: A maturity framework,Software quality and productivity must improve. But where to start? This model helps organizations identify their highest priority problems and start making improvements. © 1988 IEEE,,IEEE Software,1988-01-01,Article,"Humphrey, Watts S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034316506,10.1109/52.895168,Empirically guided software effort guesstimation,"At present, Project LEAP is investigating tools and methods to support low-cost, empirically based software developer improvement. Initial results provide evidence that guesstimates, when informed by low-cost analytical methods, can be an accurate method.",,IEEE Software,2000-11-01,Article,"Johnson, Philip M.;Moore, Carleton A.;Dane, Joseph A.;Brewer, Robert S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0141838535,10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00156-5,A review of studies on expert estimation of software development effort,"This paper provides an extensive review of studies related to expert estimation of software development effort. The main goal and contribution of the review is to support the research on expert estimation, e.g., to ease other researcher's search for relevant expert estimation studies. In addition, we provide software practitioners with useful estimation guidelines, based on the research-based knowledge of expert estimation processes. The review results suggest that expert estimation is the most frequently applied estimation strategy for software projects, that there is no substantial evidence in favour of use of estimation models, and that there are situations where we can expect expert estimates to be more accurate than formal estimation models. The following 12 expert estimation ""best practice"" guidelines are evaluated through the review: (1) evaluate estimation accuracy, but avoid high evaluation pressure; (2) avoid conflicting estimation goals; (3) ask the estimators to justify and criticize their estimates; (4) avoid irrelevant and unreliable estimation information; (5) use documented data from previous development tasks; (6) find estimation experts with relevant domain background and good estimation records; (7) Estimate top-down and bottom-up, independently of each other; (8) use estimation checklists; (9) combine estimates from different experts and estimation strategies; (10) assess the uncertainty of the estimate; (11) provide feedback on estimation accuracy and development task relations; and, (12) provide estimation training opportunities. We found supporting evidence for all 12 estimation principles, and provide suggestions on how to implement them in software organizations. © 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Effort estimation | Expert judgment | Project planning | Software development,Journal of Systems and Software,2004-01-01,Article,"Jørgensen, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33845788381,10.1109/TSE.2007.256943,A systematic review of software development cost estimation studies,"This paper aims to provide a basis for the improvement of software estimation research through a systematic review of previous work. The review identifies 304 software cost estimation papers in 76 journals and classifies the papers according to research topic, estimation approach, research approach, study context and data set. A Web-based library of these cost estimation papers is provided to ease the identification of relevant estimation research results. The review results combined with other knowledge provide support for recommendations for future software cost estimation research, including 1) increase the breadth of the search for relevant studies, 2) search manually for relevant papers within a carefully selected set of journals when completeness is essential, 3) conduct more studies on estimation methods commonly used by the software industry, and 4) increase the awareness of how properties of the data sets impact the results when evaluating estimation methods. © 2007 IEEE.",Research methods | Software cost estimation | Software cost prediction | Software effort estimation | Software effort prediction | Systematic review,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2007-01-01,Review,"Jørgensen, Magne;Shepperd, Martin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software project management: The manager's view,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85098046539,10.1017/CBO9780511803475.023,Timid choices and bold forecasts: A cognitive perspective on risk taking,"Decision makers have a strong tendency to consider problems as unique. They isolate the current choice from future opportunities and neglect the statistics of the past in evaluating current plans. Overly cautious attitudes to risk result from a failure to appreciate the effects of statistical aggregation in mitigating relative risk. Overly optimistic forecasts result from the adoption of an inside view of the problem, which anchors predictions on plans and scenarios. The conflicting biases are documented in psychological research. Possible implications for decision making in organizations are examined.",Decision making | Forecasting | Managerial cognition | Risk,"Choices, Values, and Frames",2019-02-01,Book Chapter,"Kahneman, Daniel;Lovallo, Dan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-53349163773,10.2307/249627,Pulling the plug: Software project management and the problem of project escalation,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons and in some cases can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the IT project that seems to take on a life of its own, continuing to absorb valuable resources without reaching its objective. A significant number of these projects will ultimately fail, potentially weakening a firm's competitive position while siphoning off resources that could be spent developing and implementing successful systems. The escalation literature provides a promising theoretical base for explaining this type of IT failure. Using a model of escalation based on the literature, a case study of IT project escalation is discussed and analyzed. The results suggest that escalation is promoted by a combination of project, psychological, social, and organizational factors. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed along with prescriptions for how to avoid the problem of escalation.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Implementation | IS failure | Software project management,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1995-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033277445,10.1080/07421222.1999.11518222,Turning around troubled software projects: An exploratory study of the deescalation of commitment to failing course of action,"Project failure in the information systems field is a costly problem and troubled projects are not uncommon. In many cases, whether a troubled project ultimately succeeds or fails depends on the effectiveness of managerial actions taken to turn around or redirect such projects. Before such actions can be taken, however, management must recognize problems and prepare to take appropriate corrective measures. While prior research has identified many factors that contribute to the escalation of commitment to failing courses of action, there has been little research on the factors contributing to the deescalation of commitment. Through deescalation, troubled projects may be successfully turned around or sensibly abandoned. This study seeks to clarify the factors that contribute to software project deescalation and to establish practical guidelines for identifying and managing troubled projects. Through interviews with forty-two IS auditors, we gathered both quantitative and qualitative data about the deescala tion of commitment to troubled software projects. The interviews sought judgments about the importance of twelve specific factors derived from a review of the literature on deescalation. Interviews also generated qualitative data about specific actors and actions taken to turn troubled projects around. The results indicate that the escalation and deescalation phases of projects manifest different portraits. While there were no factors that always turned projects around, many actors triggered deescalation, and many specific actions accounted for deescalation. In the majority of cases, deescalation was triggered by actors such as senior managers, internal auditors, or external consultants. Deescalation was achieved both by managing existing resources better and by changing the level of resources committed to the project. We summarize the implications of these findings in a process model of project deescalation.",Escalation of commitment | Information system development | Information systems auditing | Project management,Journal of Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Robey, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000913498,10.2307/3250950,Why software projects escalate: An empirical analysis and test of four theoretical models,,,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mann, Joan;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029403762,10.1109/17.482086,The effects of sunk cost and project completion on information technology project escalation,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for a variety of reasons and in some cases can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that seems to take on a life of its own. Prior research has shown that such projects can exhibit characteristics of the phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. One explanation of escalation is the so-called sunk cost effect which posits that decision-makers are unduly influenced by resources that have already been spent and are therefore more likely to continue pursuing a previously chosen course of action. A competing explanation, labeled the completion effect, holds that decision makers escalate their commitment as they draw closer to finishing the project. In order to understand more about the relative effects of sunk cost and project completion information, a role-playing experiment was conducted in which business students were asked to decide whether or not to continue funding an IT project given uncertainty regarding the prospects for success. Three variables were manipulated in the experiment: the level of sunk cost, degree of project completion, and the presence or absence of an alternative course of action. Results showed that subjects' willingness to continue a project increased with the level of sunk cost and the degree of project completion, but that subjects were more apt to justify their continuation on the basis of sunk cost. As theory would predict, the presence of an alternative course of action had a moderating effect on the escalation that was observed. © 1995 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1995-01-01,Article,"KeiL, Mark;Truex, Duane P.;Mixon, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71549128988,10.1080/07421222.1994.11518050,Understanding runaway information technology projects: Results from an international research program based on escalation theory,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons, and can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that takes on a life of its own. Such projects exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the broader phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon, including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. This paper discusses the results of a scries of experiments designed to test whether the phenomenon of escalating commitment could be observed in an IT context Multiple experiments conducted within and across cultures suggest that a high level of sunk cost may influence decision makers to escalate their commitment to an IT project In addition to discussing this and other findings from an ongoing stream of research, the paper focuses on the challenges faced in carrying out the experiments.© 1995 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Information systems failure | Runaway | Software project management | Sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,1994-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard;Saarinen, Timo;Tuunainen, Virpi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040918921,10.2307/3250940,A cross-cultural study on escalation of commitment behavior in software projects,,,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Tan, Bernard C.Y.;Wei, Kwok Kee;Saarinen, Timo;Tuunainen, Virpi;Wassenaar, Arjen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Goal commitment and the goalsetting process: Conceptual clarification and empirical synthesis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002786765,10.1006/obhd.2000.2931,The assessment of goal commitment: A measurement model meta-analysis,"Goals are central to current treatments of work motivation, and goal commitment is a critical construct in understanding the relationship between goals and performance. Inconsistency in the measurement of goal commitment hindered early research in this area but the nine-item, self-report scale developed by Hollenbeck, Williams, and Klein (1989b), and derivatives of that scale, have become the most commonly used measures of goal commitment. Despite this convergence, a few authors, based on small sample studies, have raised questions about the dimensionality of this measure. To address the conflicting recommendations in the literature regarding what items to use in assessing goal commitment, the current study combines the results of 17 independent samples and 2918 subjects to provide a more conclusive assessment by combining meta-analytic and multisample confirmatory factor analytic techniques. This effort reflects the first combined use of these techniques to test a measurement model and allowed for the creation of a database substantially larger than that of previously factor analyzed samples containing these scale items. By mitigating sampling error, the results clarified a number of debated issues that have arisen out of previous small sample factor analyses and revealed a five-item scale that is unidimensional and equivalent across measurement timing, goal origin, and task complexity. It is recommended that this five-item scale be used in future research assessing goal commitment. © 2001 Academic Press.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2001-01-01,Article,"Klein, Howard J.;Wesson, Michael J.;Hollenbeck, John R.;Wright, Patrick M.;Deshon, Richard P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Self regulation through goal setting,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033319077,10.1016/S0164-1212(99)00094-1,Software developer perceptions about software project failure: A case study,"Software development project failures have become commonplace. With almost daily frequency these failures are reported in newspapers, journal articles, or popular books. These failures are defined in terms of cost and schedule over-runs, project cancellations, and lost opportunities for the organizations that embark on the difficult journey of software development. Rarely do these accounts include perspectives from the software developers that worked on these projects. This case study provides an in-depth look at software development project failure through the eyes of the software developers. The researcher used structured interviews, project documentation reviews, and survey instruments to gather a rich description of a software development project failure. The results of the study identify a large gap between how a team of software developers defined project success and the popular definition of project success. This study also revealed that a team of software developers maintained a high-level of job satisfaction despite their failure to meet schedule and cost goals of the organization.",,Journal of Systems and Software,1999-12-30,Article,"Linberg, Kurt R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002385435,10.1007/BF00991473,Goal theory vs. control theory: Contrasting approaches to understanding work motivation,"Control theory has been propounded as an original and useful paradigm for integrating a number of theories of human (especially work) motivation. This paper challenges that claim. First, it is shown that the original, mechanical control theory model is not applicable to human beings. Second, it is shown that the two approaches used by control theorists to remedy its limitations did not succeed. One approach involved incorporating propositions drawn from other theories with the result that there was nothing distinctive left that was unique to control theory. The other approach involved broadening the scope of control theory by adding deduced propositions; however, these propositions were inconsistent with what was already known about the phenomena in question based on empirical research. The control theory approach to theory building is contrasted with that of goal setting theory (Locke & Latham, 1990). Goal-setting theory is a ""grounded theory"" (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) which evolved from research findings over a 25-year period. Goal theory developed in five directions simultaneously: validation of the core premises; demonstrations of generality; identification of moderators; conceptual refinement and elaboration; and integration with other theories. It is hypothesized that the grounded theory approach is a more fruitful one than the approaches used by control theory. © 1991 Plenum Publishing Corporation.",,Motivation and Emotion,1991-03-01,Article,"Locke, Edwin A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870885674,10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705,Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey,"The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. The external validity and practical significance of goal-setting theory are explained, and new directions in goal-setting research are discussed. The relationships of goal setting to other theories are described as are the theory's limitations.",,American Psychologist,2002-01-01,Article,"Locke, Edwin A.;Latham, Gary P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0001826566,10.1016/0090-2616(79)90032-9,Goal Setting: A Motivational Technique That Works,,,Organizational Dynamics,1979-01-01,Article,"Latham, Gary P.;Locke, Edwin A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The determinants of goal commitment,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000503251,10.1016/0749-5978(89)90053-8,Separating the effects of goal specificity from goal level,"Numerous studies of goal setting have found that specific and difficult or high-level goals lead to higher performance than vague (do best), easy goals, or no goals. However, often it has been asserted in the literature that specific goals as such lead to higher performance than vague goals even though goal theory makes no such claim. However, no previous study (with one partial exception) has actually separated the effects of goal level from those of goal specificity. It was predicted that when the two goal attributes were separated, goal level would affect level of performance whereas goal specificity would affect the variability of performance. Two experiments were conducted to test these hypotheses. The first used a reaction time task and the second an idea-generation task. The results of both studies supported the hypotheses. However, one of the two present studies and two previous studies found that high goal levels can also affect performance variance. © 1989.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1989-01-01,Article,"Locke, Edwin A.;Chah, Dong Ok;Harrison, Scott;Lustgarten, Nancy",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34248469880,10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980,"Results from a review of laboratory and field studies on the effects of goal setting on performance show that in 90% of the studies, specific and challenging goals led to higher performance than easy goals, ""do your best"" goals, or no goals. Goals affect performance by directing attention, mobilizing effort, increasing persistence, and motivating strategy development. Goal setting is most likely to improve task performance when the goals are specific and sufficiently challenging, Ss have sufficient ability (and ability differences are controlled), feedback is provided to show progress in relation to the goal, rewards such as money are given for goal attainment, the experimenter or manager is supportive, and assigned goals are accepted by the individual. No reliable individual differences have emerged in goal-setting studies, probably because the goals were typically assigned rather than self-set. Need for achievement and self-esteem may be the most promising individual difference variables. (31/2 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1981 American Psychological Association.","goal setting, performance, literature review, 1969-80",Psychological Bulletin,1981-07-01,Article,"Locke, Edwin A.;Shaw, Karyll N.;Saari, Lise M.;Latham, Gary P.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-43649108347,10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00191.x,Information technology project escalation: A process model,"Information technology (IT) a common and costly problem. While much is known about the factors that promote escalation behavior, little is known about the actual escalation process. This article uses an in-depth case study to construct a process model of escalation, consisting of three phases: drift, unsuccessful incremental adaptation, and rationalized continuation. Each phase encompasses several within-phase escalation catalysts and the model also identifies triggering conditions that promote transition from one phase to the next: project framing (antecedent condition), problem emergence, increased problem visibility, and imminent threat to project continuation (triggering the outcome deescalation). The results show that escalation is not necessarily the result of collective belief in the infallibility of a project. Rather, escalation results from continued unsuccessful coping with problems that arise during a project. Furthermore, the results suggest that the seeds of escalation are sown early: the very manner in which a project is framed contributes to whether or not the project will become prone to escalation. As problems ensue, repeated mismatches between attempted remedies and underlying problems contribute to fueling the escalation process. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2008, Decision Sciences Institute.",Case study | Escalation of commitment | IT projects | Process model | Project management,Decision Sciences,2008-05-01,Article,"Mähring, Magnus;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85047683307,10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.104,Looking forward and looking back: Integrating completion and sunk-cost effects within an escalation-of-commitment progress decision,"Currently, there are 2 conflicting frameworks with which to understand why decision makers might escalate their commitment to a previously chosen course of action: sunk costs and project completion. The author proposes that sunk costs and need to complete exert simultaneous pressures, both independent and interactive, on a decision maker's level of commitment. The responses of 340 participants were analyzed and supported a complementary relationship between the 2 predictors. In addition, sunk costs demonstrated a curvilinear influence on commitment and an interaction with level of completion that supported a Level of Completion X Sunk Cost moderation model. (A marginal utility model was not supported.) Results are discussed in terms of their relevance toward offering a complementary view of 2 potential antecedents to a decision maker's propensity to escalate his or her commitment to a previously chosen course of action.",,Journal of Applied Psychology,2001-01-01,Article,"Moon, Henry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Purchase intentions and purchase behavior,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2342660720,10.1207/s15327663jcp1401&2_8,The mere-measurement effect: Why does measuring intentions change actual behavior?,"Recent research has demonstrated that merely measuring an individual's purchase intentions changes his or her subsequent behavior in the market. Several different alternative explanations have been proposed to explain why this ""mere-measurement effect"" occurs. However, these explanations have not been tested to date. The purpose of this article is to test several competing explanations for why measuring general intentions to purchase (e.g., How likely are you to buy a car?) changes specific brand-level behavior (e.g., which specific brand of car is purchased). The results provide a clearer understanding of the cognitive mechanism through which the mere-measurement effect operates. The results show that when asked to provide general intentions to select a product in a given category, respondents are more likely to choose options toward which they hold positive and accessible attitudes, and are less likely to choose options for which they hold negative and accessible attitudes, compared to a control group of participants who are not asked a general intentions question. These results provide support for the conjecture that asking a general purchase intent question influences behavior by changing the accessibility of attitudes toward specific options in the category.",,Journal of Consumer Psychology,2004-01-01,Article,"Morwitz, Vicki G.;Fitzsimons, Gavan J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38249042836,10.1016/0749-5978(86)90034-8,Opportunity costs and the framing of resource allocation decisions,"This paper develops and tests an information-processing explanation of the behavior of decision makers when resource allocation decisions meet with setbacks. Findings support the contention that because opportunity costs often are ignored, setback decisions may be framed as choices between certain losses and the possibility of larger or no losses. Making opportunity costs more explicit alters the framing of such decisions and leads to decisions which more closely mirror traditional cost/benefit prescriptions. © 1986.",,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1986-01-01,Article,"Northcraft, Gregory B.;Neale, Margaret A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Dollars, sense, and sunk costs: A life-cycle model of resource allocation decisions.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033277395,10.1080/07421222.1999.11518259,Total quality management in information systems development: Key constructs and relationships,"The availability of high-quality software is critical for the effective use of information technology in organizations. Research in software quality has focused largely on the technical aspects of quality improvement, while limited attention has been paid to the organizational and sociobehavioral aspects of quality management. This study represents one effort at addressing this void in the information systems literature. The quality and systems development literatures are synthesized to develop eleven quality management constructs and two quality performance constructs. Scales for these constructs are empirically validated using data collected from a national survey of IS organizations. A LISREL framework is used to test the reliability and validity of the thirteen constructs. The results provide support for the reliability and validity of the constructs. A cluster analysis of the data was conducted to examine patterns of association between quality management practices and quality performance. The results suggest that higher levels of institutionalization of all quality management practices are associated with higher levels of quality performance. Our results also suggest that key factors that differentiated high- and low-quality performing IS units include senior management leadership, mechanisms to promote learning and the management infrastructure of the IS unit. Future research efforts directed at causally interrelating the quality management practices should lead to the development of a theory of quality management in systems development.",Information systems management | Software quality | Systems development | Total quality management theory,Journal of Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Ravichandran, T.;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000060349,10.1080/07421222.1993.11517993,Perceptions of conflict and success in information systems development projects,"Previous research on the development of information systems has focused on the conflicts among participants and the consequences of satisfactory resolution of those conflicts. In this paper, we test a model of conflict during system development [40, 41]. As specified, the model proposed relationships among participation, influence, conflict, and conflict resolution. We extend the model to include project success as an outcome variable. A sample of 84 participants in 17 system development projects in 3 organizations was surveyed. Results support the portions of the model reported earlier [41], show a strong positive relationship between conflict resolution and project success, and show a modest positive relationship between participation and project success.",,Journal of Management Information Systems,1993-01-01,Article,"Robey, Daniel;Smith, Larry A.;Vijayasarathy, Leo R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The escalation of commitment: An update and appraisal,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036230575,10.1006/obhd.2001.2967,Financial budgets and escalation effects,"Escalation effects are instances in which a decision maker continues to commit resources to a losing course of action, solely because prior resource allocations have been made. The research described in this article examined the potential influence of financial budgets on such escalation effects. Determining such influences is important for a variety of reasons, including the prevalence of budgets in almost all real-world organizations where escalation effects would, in principle, significantly compromise the organizations' welfare. The results of five studies employing undergraduates and part-time master's degree students with working experience demonstrated the following: (a) the mere existence of financial budgets does not in and of itself affect the incidence of escalation effects; (b) escalation effects occur among experienced participants even when explicit future costs and benefits are provided; (c) the prospect that making additional investments to escalate commitment to a project would overspend a budget tends to reduce significantly decision makers' tendencies to exhibit escalation effects; (d) even when investment expenditures would not exceed overall budget limits, the prospect of overspending the budget for a substage of a multistage investment project has the same suppressive influence on escalation effects as the prospect of overspending an entire budget; and (e) a side effect of the use of budgets is that they can induce decision makers to eschew investment opportunities that generate net benefits. There is also evidence that the prospect of exceeding a budget introduces two mechanisms into participants' decision-making processes - more marginal cost-benefit reasoning and greater sensitivity to proscriptive consequences of exceeding a budget. Implications are discussed. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).",Cost-benefit reasoning | Escalation effects | Financial budgets | Proscription concerns,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2002-01-01,Article,"Tan, Hun Tong;Yates, J. Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-2542560594,10.1017/S0266267104001294,Too Much Invested To Quit,,,Economics and Philosophy,2004-04-01,Letter,"Ripstein, Arthur;Kaplow, Louis;Shavell, Steven",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Mental accounting and consumer choice,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Saving, fungibility and mental accounts",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Mental accounting matters,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4243202765,10.1145/975817.975819,Software project risks and their effect on outcomes,"The identification of risks that pose the most significant threats to successful project outcomes are discussed. Project execution matters more than any other type of risk in terms of shaping both process and product outcomes. The importance of employing experienced team members who work well together, managing project complexity, and exercising good project planning and control methods cannot be overemphasized. Though other types of risk are important, managing the risks associated with project execution must be management's main focus. The projects emphasizing cost and schedule, or process goals, must be managed differently from projects emphasizing scope, or product goals.",,Communications of the ACM,2004-04-01,Review,"Wallace, Linda;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Escalating commitment to a course of action: A reinterpretation,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33947396872,10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.545,The role of anticipated regret in escalation of commitment,"This research tests the general proposition that people are motivated to reduce future regret under escalation situations. This is supported by the findings that (a) escalation of commitment is stronger when the possibility of future regret about withdrawal is high than when this possibility is low (Studies 1a and 1b) and (b) escalation of commitment increases as the net anticipated regret about withdrawal increases (Studies 2a and 2b). Furthermore, the regret effects in the 4 studies were above and beyond the personal responsibility effects on escalation. This research indicates that people in escalation situations are simultaneously influenced by the emotions they expect to experience in the future (e.g., anticipated regret) and by events that have happened in the past (e.g., responsibility for the initiating previous decision). PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved.",Anticipated regret | Decision making | Emotion | Escalation of commitment | Regret theory,Journal of Applied Psychology,2007-03-01,Article,"Wong, Kin Fai Ellick;Kwong, Jessica Y.Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18544389366,10.1016/j.im.2004.07.001,What drives mobile commerce? An empirical evaluation of the revised technology acceptance model,"This study presents an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that integrates innovation diffusion theory, perceived risk and cost into the TAM to investigate what determines user mobile commerce (MC) acceptance. The proposed model was empirically tested using data collected from a survey of MC consumers. The structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate the causal model and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement model. Our findings indicated that all variables except perceived ease of use significantly affected users' behavioral intent. Among them, the compatibility had the most significant influence. Furthermore, a striking, and somewhat puzzling finding was the positive influence of perceived risk on behavioral intention to use. The implication of this work to both researchers and practitioners is discussed. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cost | Innovation diffusion theory | Mobile commerce | Perceived risk | Technology acceptance model,Information and Management,2005-07-01,Article,"Wu, Jen Her;Wang, Shu Ching",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Papers citing ""The effect of an initial budget and schedule goal on software project escalation""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Essentials of management information systems,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905038650,10.2753/MIS0742-1222310103,Talk before it's too late: Reconsidering the role of conversation in information systems project management,"Effective team coordination is essential for the information systems (IS) projects' success. We present a four-year study, based on design science research, to develop and instantiate a conceptual model - called Coopilot - to improve real-time coordination in IS projects. Coopilot is a simple conversational guide to help IS project managers minimize the number of coordination surprises that arise for teams during their project meetings. Drawing on coordination literature outside the IS research field, we have adapted and instantiated the theory of joint activity developed by psycholinguist Herbert Clark. The results illustrate the value Clark's theory can add to the IS field and both the importance of conversation intended as a new theoretical construct in IS team project coordination as well as the importance of reaching a sufficient level of understanding. Project managers involved in this study who used Coopilot reported both higher levels of confidence that their projects were on a successful path and overall higher levels of team motivation. © 2014 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",conversation for coordination | IS project management | IS teams | project management | team coordination,Journal of Management Information Systems,2014-07-01,Article,"Mastrogiacomo, Stefano;Missonier, Stephanie;Bonazzi, Riccardo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84933498824,10.1002/bdm.1835,The effect of goal difficulty on escalation of commitment,"Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action is a problem in behavioral decision making that occurs across a wide range of social contexts. In this research, we show that examining escalation of commitment from a goal setting theory perspective provides fresh insights into how goal difficulty influences escalation of commitment. Specifically, through a series of two experiments, we found a curvilinear relationship between goal difficulty and post-feedback goal commitment, which was mediated by valence and expectancy associated with goal attainment. In turn, it is commitment to goals that leads individuals to continue a previous course of action despite negative feedback.",Escalation of commitment | Expectancy | Goal commitment | Goal difficulty | Valence,Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2015-04-01,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Keil, Mark;Wong, Kin Fai Ellick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905833832,,Cognitive biases in information systems research: a scientometric analysis,"Human cognition and decision-making related to information systems (IS) is a major area of interest in IS research. However, despite being explored since the mid-seventies in psychology, the phenomenon of cognitive bias has only recently gained attention among IS researchers. This fact is reflected in a comparatively sparse set of mostly disconnected publications, sometimes using inconsistent theory, methodology, and terminology. We address these issues in our scientometric analysis by providing the first review of cognitive bias-related research in IS. Our systematic literature review of 12 top IS outlets covering the past 20 years identifies 84 publications related to cognitive bias. A subsequent content analysis shows a strong increase of interest in cognitive bias research in the IS discipline in the observed timeframe, yet uncovers a highly unequal distribution across IS fields and industry contexts. While previous research on perception and decision biases has already led to valuable contributions in IS, there is still considerable potential for further research regarding social, memory and interest biases. Our study reveals research gaps in bias-related IS research and highlights common practices in how biases are identified and measured. We conclude with promising future research avenues with the intent to encourage cumulative knowledge-building.",Cognitive Biases in IS | Decision-Making | Scientometric Analysis,ECIS 2014 Proceedings - 22nd European Conference on Information Systems,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fleischmann, Marvin;Amirpur, Miglena;Benlian, Alexander;Hess, Thomas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940555542,10.1080/07421222.2015.1063287,Contextualized relationship between knowledge sharing and performance in software development,"We study how the knowledge that software developers receive from other software developers in their company impacts their performance. We also study the boundary conditions of this relationship. The results of our empirical study indicate that receiving knowledge from other software developers in the company is positively related to the performance of the knowledge-receiving software developers. Moreover, this relationship was stronger when the software developers had high rather than low task autonomy, when they had high- rather than low-quality social exchanges with their supervisors, and when the software development firms used formal knowledge utilization processes. Theoretically, these results contribute to a better understanding of the processes through which software developers utilize the knowledge that they receive from their peers in the firm. Practically, they show software development firms how emphasizing the task, social, and institutional dimensions of the software development process can help them increase knowledge utilization and performance in software development.",knowledge sharing | software developers | software development | software-development performance | systems design and implementation,Journal of Management Information Systems,2015-04-03,Article,"Ozer, Muammer;Vogel, Doug",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905837141,,Optimism bias in managing IT project risks: A construal level theory perspective,"Prior research has shown that people have a tendency to be overly optimistic about future events (i.e., optimism bias) in a variety of settings. In this study, we suggest that optimism bias has significant implications for IT project risk management, as it may cause people to become overly optimistic that they can easily manage project risks. Drawing upon construal level theory (CLT), we investigate optimism bias in managing IT project risks. Based on an experiment with IT professionals, we found that a high-level construal of a project risk leads individuals to have a more optimistic perception about successfully managing the project risk, causes them to focus more on benefits over costs in choosing a risk management plan, and leads them to identify more pros than cons associated with a risk management plan relative to a low-level construal. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.",Cognitive bias | Construal level theory | IT project risk management | Optimism bias | Project management,ECIS 2014 Proceedings - 22nd European Conference on Information Systems,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Shalev, Eliezer;Keil, Mark;Lee, Jong Seok;Ganzach, Yoav",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Why (an) ethics code for information system development needs institutional support: there is even an upside for computing practitioners and businesses,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84902256758,10.1109/HICSS.2014.529,Explaining Emergence and Consequences of Specific Formal Controls in IS Outsourcing--A Process-View,"IS outsourcing projects often fail to achieve project goals. To inhibit this failure, managers need to design formal controls that are tailored to the specific contextual demands. However, the dynamic and uncertain nature of IS outsourcing projects makes the design of such specific formal controls at the outset of a project challenging. Hence, the process of translating high-level project goals into specific formal controls becomes crucial for success or failure of IS outsourcing projects. Based on a comparative case study of four IS outsourcing projects, our study enhances current understanding of such translation processes and their consequences by developing a process model that explains the success or failure to achieve high-level project goals as an outcome of two unique translation patterns. This novel process-based explanation for how and why IS outsourcing projects succeed or fail has important implications for control theory and IS project escalation literature. © 2014 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Huber, Thomas L.;Fischer, Thomas A.;Kirsch, Laurie;Dibbern, Jens",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Identification and quantitative analysis of project success factors for large scale projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940492606,10.1080/07421222.2015.1063284,Understanding the Dynamics of Service-Oriented Architecture Implementation,"Despite the potential benefits, many organizations have failed in service-oriented architecture (SOA) implementation projects. Prior research often used a variance perspective and neglected to explore the complex interactions and timing dependencies between the critical success factors. This study adopts a process perspective to capture the dynamics while providing a new explanation for the mixed outcomes of SOA implementation. We develop a system dynamics model and use simulation analysis to demonstrate the phenomenon of ""tipping point."" That is, under certain conditions, even a small reduction in the duration of normative commitment can dramatically reverse, from success to failure, the outcome of an SOA implementation. The simulation results also suggest that (1) the duration of normative commitment can play a more critical role than the strength, and (2) the minimal duration of normative commitment for a successful SOA implementation is associated positively with the information delay of organizational learning of SOA knowledge. Finally, we discuss the theoretical causes and organizational traps associated with SOA implementation to help IT managers make better decisions about their implementation projects.",normative commitment | organizational traps | service-oriented architecture (SOA) | system dynamics | tipping point,Journal of Management Information Systems,2015-04-03,Article,"Li, Xitong;Madnick, Stuart E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85107713233,,Using Perspective Taking to De-Escalate Commitment to Software Product Launch Decisions,"In software product development settings when things go awry and the original plan loses credibility, managers often choose to honor the originally announced product launch schedule anyway, in effect launching a product that may be seriously compromised in terms of both functionality and reliability. In this study, we draw on the perspective of escalation of commitment to investigate adherence to original product launch schedules despite negative feedback. Specifically, we use the notion of perspective taking to propose a de-escalation tactic. Through a laboratory experiment, we found strong support that taking the perspective of individuals that can be negatively influenced by a product launch can indeed effectively promote de-escalation of commitment. Furthermore, we found that the experiences of anticipated guilt mediate the relationship between perspective taking and de-escalation, and this indirect effect is significantly greater when a decision maker's personal cost associated with deescalation is high rather than low.",Anticipated guilt | De-escalation of commitment | Perspective taking | Software product launch,"35th International Conference on Information Systems ""Building a Better World Through Information Systems"", ICIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lee, Jong Seok;Lee, Hyung Koo;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Exploring knowledge management models on information technology (IT) projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893308960,,Evaluating IS/IT projects: Emergence of equivocality in practice,"Equivocality has been indicated as the problem instigating erratic and hasty decisions of escalation and abandonment of ongoing IS/IT projects. However, research pertaining to examine the emergence of equivocal situations in practice is still limited. Extant literature is analyzed to develop an a-priori set of potential causes and a framework for examining equivocal situations through case studies. Three major findings are noted. First, the emergences of equivocal situations were associated with the problematic nature of information concerning the project condition or status, diverse interpretations toward the evaluation objects, and limitations of data and information to support decision-making. Second, the object of evaluation within the content of evaluation is found to be the most critical part to inducing equivocal situations during the evaluation of IS/IT project. Finally, the potential elements that can be used to indicate the causes of equivocal situations are highlighted. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.",Abandonment | Decision | Equivocality | Escalation | Evaluation | Information systems | Project management | Technology,"19th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2013 - Hyperconnected World: Anything, Anywhere, Anytime",2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Arviansyah, ;Spil, Ton;van Hillegersberg, Jos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928473604,,Escalation of Commiement in Software Projects: An Examination of Two Theories.,"Escalation of commitment is common in many software projects. It stands for the situation where managers decide to continue investing in or supporting a prior decision despite new evidence suggesting the original outcome expectation will be missed. Escalation of commitment is generally considered to be irrational. Past literature has proposed several theories to explain the behaviour. Two commonly used interpretations are self-justification and the framing effect. While both theories have been found effective in causing the escalation of commitment, their relative effect is less studied. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the primary factor that causes the escalation of commitment in software project related decisions. An experiment was designed to examine whether the escalation of commitment exists in different decision contingencies and which theories play a more important role in the escalation. One hundred and sixty two subjects participated in the experiment. The results indicate that both self-justification and problem framing have effects on commitment escalation in software projects but the effect of self-justification is stronger. Significant interaction effect is also found. A commitment is more likely to escalate if the problem is framed positively.",Escalation of commitment | Framing effect | Self-justification theory | Software project management,"Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2013",2013-01-01,Conference Paper,"Liang, Ting Peng;Yen, Nai Shing;Kang, Tsan Ching;Li, Yu Wen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An investigation of the relationships between goals and software project escalation: Insights from goal setting and goal orientation theories,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85045217092,10.1287/mnsc.2016.2686,Resolving the Judgment and Decision-Making Paradox Between Adaptive Learning and Escalation of Commitment,"A paradox in organizational research on judgment and decision making is that although the law-of-effect in adaptive learning suggests that people's tendency to take a decision decreases after the decision receives negative consequences, people often exhibit an opposite action pattern of escalation of commitment. To address this paradox, this paper proposes that the unit of law-of-effect can be extended from a decision level to a strategy level (i.e., a group of planned decisions). A strategy organizes decisions from being consistent with the law-of-effect in one extreme to being consistent with escalation of commitment in another extreme. This paper shows that the favorability of the law-ofeffect strategy (versus the escalation strategy) is likely to be underestimated at the beginning of a learning process. This underestimation stabilizes over time because negative consequences decrease the likelihood of choosing the law-of-effect strategy in the future. Accordingly, escalation strategy will be preferred more in the learning process, thereby developing a pattern of behaviors that is contradictory to the law-of-effect at the decision level but consistent with the law-of-effect at the strategy level. This learning pattern was demonstrated in three simulations with different combinations that were specified to capture different aspects of escalation of commitment. This learning perspective offers a novel explanation of escalation, suggesting that escalation may occur without distorted motivation or cognition.",Adaptive learning | Escalation of commitment | Law of effect | Learning-escalation paradox | Simulation,Management Science,2018-04-01,Article,"Wong, Kin Fai Ellick;Kwong, Jessica Y.Y.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,IT Project Failure: Causes and Response Strategies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Scheduled project stakeholder management techniques and their effectiveness in reducing project failure: A qualitative study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Embracing security in all phases of the software development life cycle: A Delphi study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The antecedents to commitment in information systems development projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Role of Cognitive Biases for Users' Decision-Making in IS Usage Contexts,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85074184609,10.2308/ciia-51564,Factors Associated with Auditors' Intention to Train on Optional Technology,"Training is one of the most important factors affecting acceptance and use of technology (Venkatesh and Bala 2008). We investigate the timing of technology training as a potential intervention for auditors’ resistance to use of optional technology. Appropriate timing may reduce time-related pressures, thus increasing a willingness to train when pressures are lower (during the non-busy season) and reducing resistance to technology use. However, training long before use (again, during the non-busy season) may raise concerns of memory decay. We manipulate training between three time periods (July, November, and December), which vary in both time pressure and closeness to the time when the technology would actually be applied to an audit task. We then elicit perceptions of two pressures commonly recognized in the accounting literature (time pressure and confidence in memory) as well as intentions to train on, and use, the new technology. We find intentions to train are greater when training is available earlier, suggesting that busy season pressure is of greater concern than memory retention. Additionally, intentions to train are directly influenced by intentions to use the technology, ease of use, confidence in memory, task experience, gender, and position in the firm.",CAATs | technology acceptance | technology training,Current Issues in Auditing,2017-03-01,Article,"Payne, Elizabeth A.;Curtis, Mary B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905837141,,OPTIMISM BIAS IN MANAGING IT PROJECT RISKS: A CONSTRUAL LEVEL THEORY PERSPECTIVE,"Prior research has shown that people have a tendency to be overly optimistic about future events (i.e., optimism bias) in a variety of settings. In this study, we suggest that optimism bias has significant implications for IT project risk management, as it may cause people to become overly optimistic that they can easily manage project risks. Drawing upon construal level theory (CLT), we investigate optimism bias in managing IT project risks. Based on an experiment with IT professionals, we found that a high-level construal of a project risk leads individuals to have a more optimistic perception about successfully managing the project risk, causes them to focus more on benefits over costs in choosing a risk management plan, and leads them to identify more pros than cons associated with a risk management plan relative to a low-level construal. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.",Cognitive bias | Construal level theory | IT project risk management | Optimism bias | Project management,ECIS 2014 Proceedings - 22nd European Conference on Information Systems,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Shalev, Eliezer;Keil, Mark;Lee, Jong Seok;Ganzach, Yoav",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An approach-avoidance examination of corporate project (de) escalation decisions in Saudi Companies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85032963269,10.2174/1874444301507011790,The Time Management Framework Research of Software Project Based on Cloud Computing Platform,"This paper focuses on the project case, which is based on the project time management theory, combined with the software project, especially the characteristics of the software project based on cloud computing platform. We show the general process of software project progress management. For different processes, we propose schedule arrangement for better management. Through the project activity decomposition, activity sequencing, activity duration estimating, project plan and schedule control analysis of each process, this research applies the method of time management science to the implementation process of software project, and provides a reasonable theoretical basis and effective decision-making reference for the project team.",Cloud computing | Schedule arrangement | Software project | The time management,Open Automation and Control Systems Journal,2015-01-01,Article,"Huihua, Shang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,National Culture's Relationship to Project Team Performance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,IS Project Escalation: A Case Study of Off-shore Development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,STPCH: a framework for planning of software maintenance and support projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Emergence of Formal Control Specificity in Information Systems Outsourcing: A Process-View,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85069831393,10.2308/isys-50767,Overcoming the Reluctance to Convey Negative Project Information during an Information Systems Pre-Implementation Review,"This study investigates conditions under which the presence of an auditor conducting a pre-implementation review increases experienced information systems (IS) professionals’ willingness to convey negative project information beyond reporting to senior management. Results of an experiment suggest that the presence of an auditor during the pre-implementation process encourages reporting to an auditor when (1) IS professionals believe their responsibility to report is low, and (2) perceived negative consequences are high and the expectancy that problems will be corrected if reported is low. Further, our results indicate that confidentiality provided by the auditor is particularly important when IS professionals believe their responsibility to report is low. Results of this study have important implications for organizations seeking to reduce risks associated with runaway IT projects by identifying circumstances in which auditors can reduce the information asymmetry between IS professionals and management, especially in circumstances where IS professionals are the most reluctant to report (e.g., low perceived responsibility, high perceived negative consequences).",information systems implementation | internal auditors | pre-implementation review | reporting negative news,Journal of Information Systems,2014-09-01,Review,"Tuttle, Brad M.;Taylor, Mark H.;Wu, Yi Jing",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Project Management Journal® Author Guidelines can be found online. The Book Review Section can be found online.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919348928,10.1007/978-3-662-45937-9_22,Escalation of Software Project Outsourcing: A Multiple Case Study,"Project escalation is the phenomenon of continuously devoting resources into a seriously delayed and troublesome project. This study focuses on project outsourcing in which both client and vendor may lead to the result of escalation. As both parties may take a position of termination or continuation of the project, four escalation types were studied. In each escalation type, two cases were studied through in-depth interview. Using content analysis, determinants of escalations were identified. In the case of low intention of continuation by the vendor, but high intention of continuation by the client, credible deterrence resulted in project escalation. In the case of high intention of continuation by the vendor, but low intention of continuation by the client, credible commitment resulted in project escalation. This study provides lessons learned from eight escalation cases to avoid ineffective investment in time and money.",Credible Commitment | Credible Deterrence | Escalation | Information System Project | Outsourcing,IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2014-01-01,Article,"Lin, Hsin Hui;Wang, Wen Liang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Affect and Decision Making in Troubled Information Technology Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944213429,10.1109/HICSS.2015.531,Project Evaluation: A Mixed-Method Study into Dilemmas in Continuation Decisions,"Project evaluations are highly crucial for organizations to manage their information systems and technology project portfolios. This study postulates equivocal situations as the source of dilemmas hindering stakeholders to achieve proper evaluation and purposeful decisions. We examine three factors that are conceived to have high association with equivocal situations when evaluating IS/IT projects, Challenges in project management, Different frames of reference and Lack of evaluation data. The developed model is tested using a survey data of IS/IT professionals through PLS. We find the three factors are significantly affecting the occurrence of equivocal situations with the highest contribution come from the Challenges in project management. Multi-group examinations reveal distinct impacts of the three factors within public versus private sector and high versus low projects in the project evaluation ladder. Post hoc interviews suggest several interesting points especially on how to cope with equivocal situations.",Continuation | Decision | Dilemma | Equivocal situation | Equivocality | Evaluation | Information systems project | Information technology project | Mixed-method,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2015-03-26,Conference Paper,"Arviansyah, ;Ter Halle, Yvette;Spil, Ton;Van Hillegersberg, Jos",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Antecedents and Consequences of Goal Commitment: A Meta-Analysis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Unraveling equivocality in evaluations of information systems projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Motivational Factors and Educational Attainment of Software Engineers,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85053623445,10.1177/875697281704800107,Mutual Monitoring of Resources in an Enterprise Systems Program,"During the implementation of IT programs, competition among project managers for the scarce resources required for the completion of individual projects is a common phenomenon. To avoid such self-interested resource competition among individual project managers, according to agency theory, resource monitoring among project managers can serve as an effective management mechanism for effective resource conflict resolution within a program. Furthermore, team cognition theory suggests that an understanding of goals for each project among project managers can also serve as a solid foundation for effective resource monitoring. Social interdependence theory also suggests that positive goal interdependence among projects within a program can motivate project managers to engage in cooperative interactions, allowing them to accomplish individual project goals as well as the overall program's goals. Based on a survey of 146 enterprise system implementation programs, the results of this study confirm that mutual resource monitoring among project managers is positively associated with final program implementation efficiency. Goal understanding among project managers, as well as goal interdependence, is positively associated with the effectiveness of resource monitoring among project managers within the implementation program.",goal interdependence | goal understanding | IT program implementation efficiency | mutual resource monitoring,Project Management Journal,2017-02-01,Article,"Chang, Jamie Y.T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Dynamics of governance and control in inter-organizational software development,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Projektų valdymas įgyvendinant organizacijos strateginius tikslus: Šiaulių universiteto atvejis,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,行为决策中承诺升级的作用机制,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Jong Seok Lee (google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Theorizing in design science research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867310382,10.2753/MIS0742-1222290102,The effect of an initial budget and schedule goal on software project escalation,"Software project escalation is a costly problem that leads to significant financial losses. Prior research suggests that setting a publicly announced limit on resources can make individuals less willing to escalate their commitment to a failing course of action. However, the relationship between initial budget and schedule goals and software project escalation remains unexplored. Drawing on goal setting theory as well as sunk cost and mental budgeting perspectives, we explore the effect of goal difficulty and goal specificity on software project escalation. The findings from a laboratory experiment with 349 information technology professionals suggest that both very difficult and very specific goals for budget and schedule can limit software project escalation. Further, the level of commitment to a budget and schedule goal directly affects software project escalation and also interacts with goal difficulty and goal specificity to affect software project escalation. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the existing body of knowledge on software project management by establishing a connection between goal setting theory and software project escalation. The study also contributes to practice by highlighting the potential negative consequences that can result from the nature of initial budget and schedule goals that are established at the outset of a project. © 2012 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.",escalation of commitment | goal setting theory | mental budgeting | project estimation | software project escalation | software project management | sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,2012-07-01,Article,"Lee, Jong;Keil, Mark;Kasi, Vijay",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84933498824,10.1002/bdm.1835,The effect of goal difficulty on escalation of commitment,"Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action is a problem in behavioral decision making that occurs across a wide range of social contexts. In this research, we show that examining escalation of commitment from a goal setting theory perspective provides fresh insights into how goal difficulty influences escalation of commitment. Specifically, through a series of two experiments, we found a curvilinear relationship between goal difficulty and post-feedback goal commitment, which was mediated by valence and expectancy associated with goal attainment. In turn, it is commitment to goals that leads individuals to continue a previous course of action despite negative feedback.",Escalation of commitment | Expectancy | Goal commitment | Goal difficulty | Valence,Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2015-04-01,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Keil, Mark;Wong, Kin Fai Ellick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905746508,10.1145/2659254.2659256,The role of a bad news reporter in information technology project escalation: a deaf effect perspective,"This paper presents a study of the deaf effect response to bad news reporting in an IT project management context. Using a mixed method approach that included both quantitative and qualitative data obtained through a laboratory experiment, our findings suggest that individuals turn a deaf ear to bad news reporting when bad news is received from a person who is not role prescribed to report bad news or is not perceived to be credible. Further, it was found that perceived message relevance and risk perception mediate these relationships. We also found that men are more willing to take risk, and also less likely to perceive risk compared to women in IT project escalation situations. Consequently, men are more likely to turn a deaf ear, thus causing IT project escalation to occur. In this paper, we discuss several implications of the findings of this study for both research and practice.",Deaf effect | Escalation of commitment | IT project management | Risk taking | Role prescription,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Cuellar, Michael J.;Keil, Mark;Johnson, Roy D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863260343,10.1109/HICSS.2012.558,The creativity passdown effect: Sharing design thinking processes with design theory,"Design theory lies at the heart of information systems design science research. One concern in this area is the potential to limit the designer's creativity by over-specifying the meta-design or the design process. This paper explains how design research encapsulates a two-person design team consisting of the design theorist and the artifact instance designer. Design theory embodies a creativity passdown effect in which the creative design thinking is partly executed by the design theorist and the completion of this thinking is deferred to the artifact instance designer. In fact, rather than limiting the instance designer's creativity, the design theorist may create an opportunity for the instance designer to be creative by passing down a design theory. Further, the artifact instance designer operates within the problem domain defined by design theorist, and engages in design thinking to achieve an innovative design by merging theoretical knowledge with experiential knowledge of a design artifact that is being built. The creativity passdown effect was examined through a case that involved developing a tool for multi-outsourcing decision making. The case provides empirical support for the creativity passdown effect. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lee, Jong Seok;Baskerville, Richard;Pries-Heje, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938694466,10.1108/ITP-04-2013-0080,The creativity passdown effect: applying design theory in creating instance design,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest that translating a design theory (DT) into practice (e.g. creating an instance design artifact (IDA)) is hardly straight-forward and requires substantial creativity. Specifically the authors suggest that adopting a DT embodies a creativity passdown effect in which the creative thinking of a team of design theorist(s) inherent in DT invokes a creative mind of a team of artifact instance designer(s) in creating an IDA. In this study, the authors empirically investigate the creativity passdown effect through an action case in which a DT (DT nexus) was applied in creating an IDA (multi-outsourcing decision-making tool). Design/methodology/approach – The case methodology applied here is described as an action case. An action case is a hybrid research approach that combines action research and interpretive case approaches. It combines intervention and interpretation in order to achieve both change and understanding. It is a form of soft field experiment with less emphasis on iteration and learning and more on trial and making. The approach is holistic in philosophy, and prediction is not emphasized. The intervention in the case was that of an instance designer team introducing a previously published DT as a basis for creating an IDA. Findings – The experience in the action case suggests that using a DT in creating an IDA may encourage design thinking, and in certain way increase its power and practical relevance by fostering the creative mind of instance designers. Indeed, DTs provide a scientific basis for dealing with an instance problem, and this evokes the creativity mind of instance designers. Without such a scientific basis, it is a lot more challenging for instance artifact designers to deal with instance problems. Research limitations/implications – This study contributes to the literature concerning design science research, as it challenges the notion that adopting scientific design knowledge limits creativity inherent in creating IDA by illustrating creative elements involved in executing DT as a basis for creating IDAs.",Action research | Design research | Design science | IT artifact,Information Technology and People,2015-08-03,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Baskerville, Richard;Pries-Heje, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An investigation of the relationships between goals and software project escalation: Insights from goal setting and goal orientation theories,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Jong Seok Lee,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84987660660,,Principles of Goal Discovery in IT Governance Policy Documents,"It is important that organizations comply with IT governance policies enforced by IT governance bodies. A challenge exists as organizations often struggle with understanding IT governance policies written in natural language. Reading and analyzing IT policy documents is often time consuming and inefficient. Motivated by this challenge, we develop principles of goal discovery, apply them to the analysis of IT governance policy documents and develop taxonomy for IT policy documents. Furthermore, we automate the goal discovery process by using a keyword-based approach. Our goal discovery principles along with the new taxonomy help organizations better understand IT governance policies and aid in resolving compliance issues in managing various IT assets. This research contributes to the body of design science research by developing goal mining heuristics for analyzing IT governance policy documents. It also contributes to practice by proposing an efficient way to analyze and understand IT governance policies.",Goal-mining heuristics | IT governance | IT management | IT policy | Natural language processing | Taxonomy,AMCIS 2016: Surfing the IT Innovation Wave - 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems,2016-01-01,Conference Paper,"Vlas, Radu;Lee, Jong Seok",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Comparative Evaluation Bias in Escalation of Commitment to an IT Product Development Project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938694466,10.1108/ITP-04-2013-0080,The Creativity Passdown Effect: Applying Design Theory in Creating Instance Design,"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest that translating a design theory (DT) into practice (e.g. creating an instance design artifact (IDA)) is hardly straight-forward and requires substantial creativity. Specifically the authors suggest that adopting a DT embodies a creativity passdown effect in which the creative thinking of a team of design theorist(s) inherent in DT invokes a creative mind of a team of artifact instance designer(s) in creating an IDA. In this study, the authors empirically investigate the creativity passdown effect through an action case in which a DT (DT nexus) was applied in creating an IDA (multi-outsourcing decision-making tool). Design/methodology/approach – The case methodology applied here is described as an action case. An action case is a hybrid research approach that combines action research and interpretive case approaches. It combines intervention and interpretation in order to achieve both change and understanding. It is a form of soft field experiment with less emphasis on iteration and learning and more on trial and making. The approach is holistic in philosophy, and prediction is not emphasized. The intervention in the case was that of an instance designer team introducing a previously published DT as a basis for creating an IDA. Findings – The experience in the action case suggests that using a DT in creating an IDA may encourage design thinking, and in certain way increase its power and practical relevance by fostering the creative mind of instance designers. Indeed, DTs provide a scientific basis for dealing with an instance problem, and this evokes the creativity mind of instance designers. Without such a scientific basis, it is a lot more challenging for instance artifact designers to deal with instance problems. Research limitations/implications – This study contributes to the literature concerning design science research, as it challenges the notion that adopting scientific design knowledge limits creativity inherent in creating IDA by illustrating creative elements involved in executing DT as a basis for creating IDAs.",Action research | Design research | Design science | IT artifact,Information Technology and People,2015-08-03,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Baskerville, Richard;Pries-Heje, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,IT Project Failure: Causes and Response Strategies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85030634426,10.1111/apps.12109,Does a Tired Mind Help Avoid a Decision Bias? The Effect of Ego Depletion on Escalation of Commitment,"In this research, we investigated the effect of ego depletion on escalation of commitment. Specifically, we conducted two laboratory experiments and obtained evidence that ego depletion decreases escalation of commitment. In Study 1, we found that individuals were less susceptible to escalation of commitment after completing an ego depletion task. In Study 2, we confirmed the effect observed in Study 1 using a different manipulation of ego depletion and a different subject pool. Contrary to the fundamental assumption of bounded rationality that people have a tendency to make decision errors when mental resources are scarce, the findings of this research show that a tired mind can help reduce escalation bias.",,Applied Psychology,2018-01-01,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Keil, Mark;Wong, Kin Fai Ellick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Mark Keil (google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Identifying software project risks: An international Delphi study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0002630371,10.1016/S0378-7206(97)00026-8,Testing the technology acceptance model across cultures: A three country study,"In recent years, the technology acceptance model (TAM) has been widely used by IS researchers in order to gain a better understanding of the adoption and use of information systems. While TAM has been widely applied and tested in North America, there have been no attempts to extend this work to other regions of the world. Given the globalization of business and systems, there is a pressing need to understand whether TAM applies in other cultures. This study compares the TAM model across three different countries: Japan; Switzerland; and the United States. The study was conducted by administering the same instrument to employees of three different airlines, all of whom had access to the same information technology innovation, in this case, E-mail. The results indicate that TAM holds for both the U.S. and Switzerland, but not for Japan, suggesting that the model may not predict technology use across all cultures. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.",Cross-cultural studies | E-mail | Information technology (IT) acceptance | IT adoption | IT diffusion | IT use | Technology acceptance model,Information and Management,1997-11-07,Article,"Straub, Detmar;Keil, Mark;Brenner, Walter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0040918921,10.2307/3250940,A cross-cultural study on escalation of commitment behavior in software projects,,,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Tan, Bernard C.Y.;Wei, Kwok Kee;Saarinen, Timo;Tuunainen, Virpi;Wassenaar, Arjen",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032207894,10.1145/287831.287843,A framework for identifying software project risks,We've all heard tales of multimillion dollar mistakes that somehow ran off course. Are software projects that risky or do managers need to take a fresh approach when preparing for such critical expeditions?,,Communications of the ACM,1998-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Cule, Paul E.;Lyytinen, Kalle;Schmidt, Roy C.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-53349163773,10.2307/249627,Pulling the plug: Software project management and the problem of project escalation,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons and in some cases can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the IT project that seems to take on a life of its own, continuing to absorb valuable resources without reaching its objective. A significant number of these projects will ultimately fail, potentially weakening a firm's competitive position while siphoning off resources that could be spent developing and implementing successful systems. The escalation literature provides a promising theoretical base for explaining this type of IT failure. Using a model of escalation based on the literature, a case study of IT project escalation is discussed and analyzed. The results suggest that escalation is promoted by a combination of project, psychological, social, and organizational factors. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed along with prescriptions for how to avoid the problem of escalation.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Implementation | IS failure | Software project management,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1995-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"If we build it, they will come: Designing information systems that people want to use",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029220850,10.1016/0167-9236(94)E0032-M,Usefulness and ease of use: field study evidence regarding task considerations,"Usefulness and ease of use (EOU) are both believed to be important factors in determining the acceptance and use of information systems. Yet, confusion exists regarding the relationship between these two constructs and the relative importance of each in relation to use. Usefulness is seen as a function of task/tool fit, while EOU is viewed as a task-independent construct reflecting intrinsic properties of the user interface. This paper presents the results of a field study illustrating the hazards of focusing on EOU and overlooking usefulness. Based on the study, the authors suggest that perceived EOU may be a function of task/tool fit. © 1995.",Complexity task | Ease of use | EOU | Relative advantage | Task-Tool fit | Usability | Usefulness,Decision Support Systems,1995-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Beranek, Peggy M.;Konsynski, Benn R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-40749113599,10.2307/25148830,Understanding digital inequality: Comparing continued use behavioral models of the socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged,"Digital inequality is one of the most critical issues in the knowledge economy. The private and public sectors have devoted tremendous resources to address such inequality, yet the results are inconclusive. Theoretically grounded empirical research is needed both to expand our understanding of digital inequality and to inform effective policy making and intervention. The context of our investigation is a city government project, known as the LaGrange Internet TV initiative, which allowed all city residents to access the Internet via their cable televisions at no additional cost. We examine the residents' post-implementation continued use intentions through a decomposed theory of planned behavior perspective, which is elaborated to include personal network exposure. Differences in the behavioral models between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged users who have direct usage experience are theorized and empirically tested. The results reveal distinct behavioral models and isolate the key factors that differentially impact the two groups. The advantaged group has a higher tendency to respond to personal network exposure. Enjoyment and confidence in using information and communication technologies, availability, and perceived behavioral control are more powerful in shaping continued ICT use intention for the disadvantaged. Implications for research and practice are discussed.",Digital divide | Digital inequality | IT policy | Socio-economic inequality | Technology acceptance,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Hsieh, J. J.Po An;Rai, Arun;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645209293,10.1111/j.00117315.2004.02059.x,How software project risk affects project performance: An investigation of the dimensions of risk and an exploratory model,"To reduce the high failure rate of software projects, managers need better tools to assess and manage software project risk. In order to create such tools, however, information systems researchers must first develop a better understanding of the dimensions of software project risk and how they can affect project performance. Progress in this area has been hindered by: (1) a lack of validated instruments for measuring software project risk that tap into the dimensions of risk that are seen as important by software project managers, and (2) a lack of theory to explain the linkages between various dimensions of software project risk and project performance. In this study, six dimensions of software project risk were identified and reliable and valid measures were developed for each. Guided by sociotechnical systems theory, an exploratory model was developed and tested. The results show that social subsystem risk influences technical subsystem risk, which, in turn, influences the level of project management risk, and ultimately, project performance. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.",Sociotechnical Systems Theory | Software Project Risk | Structural Equation Modeling,Decision Sciences,2004-05-01,Article,"Wallace, Linda;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000913498,10.2307/3250950,Why software projects escalate: An empirical analysis and test of four theoretical models,,,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mann, Joan;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4544317039,10.1016/j.im.2003.12.007,Understanding software project risk: a cluster analysis,"Understanding software project risk can help in reducing the incidence of failure. Building on prior work, software project risk was conceptualized along six dimensions. A questionnaire was built and 507 software project managers were surveyed. A cluster analysis was then performed to identify aspects of low, medium, and high risk projects. An examination of risk dimensions across the levels revealed that even low risk projects have a high level of complexity risk. For high risk projects, the risks associated with requirements, planning and control, and the organization become more obvious. The influence of project scope, sourcing practices, and strategic orientation on project risk dimensions was also examined. Results suggested that project scope affects all dimensions of risk, whereas sourcing practices and strategic orientation had a more limited impact. A conceptual model of project risk and performance was presented. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cluster analysis | Outsourcing | Project management | Scope | Software project risk,Information and Management,2004-12-01,Article,"Wallace, Linda;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029306416,10.1145/203356.203363,Customer-developer links in software development,,,Communications of the ACM,1995-01-05,Article,"Markkeil, M.;Carmel, Erran",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4243202765,10.1145/975817.975819,Software project risks and their effect on outcomes,"The identification of risks that pose the most significant threats to successful project outcomes are discussed. Project execution matters more than any other type of risk in terms of shaping both process and product outcomes. The importance of employing experienced team members who work well together, managing project complexity, and exercising good project planning and control methods cannot be overemphasized. Though other types of risk are important, managing the risks associated with project execution must be management's main focus. The projects emphasizing cost and schedule, or process goals, must be managed differently from projects emphasizing scope, or product goals.",,Communications of the ACM,2004-04-01,Review,"Wallace, Linda;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of developer responsiveness on perceptions of usefulness and ease of use: an extension of the technology acceptance model,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0033277445,10.1080/07421222.1999.11518222,Turning around troubled software projects: An exploratory study of the deescalation of commitment to failing courses of action,"Project failure in the information systems field is a costly problem and troubled projects are not uncommon. In many cases, whether a troubled project ultimately succeeds or fails depends on the effectiveness of managerial actions taken to turn around or redirect such projects. Before such actions can be taken, however, management must recognize problems and prepare to take appropriate corrective measures. While prior research has identified many factors that contribute to the escalation of commitment to failing courses of action, there has been little research on the factors contributing to the deescalation of commitment. Through deescalation, troubled projects may be successfully turned around or sensibly abandoned. This study seeks to clarify the factors that contribute to software project deescalation and to establish practical guidelines for identifying and managing troubled projects. Through interviews with forty-two IS auditors, we gathered both quantitative and qualitative data about the deescala tion of commitment to troubled software projects. The interviews sought judgments about the importance of twelve specific factors derived from a review of the literature on deescalation. Interviews also generated qualitative data about specific actors and actions taken to turn troubled projects around. The results indicate that the escalation and deescalation phases of projects manifest different portraits. While there were no factors that always turned projects around, many actors triggered deescalation, and many specific actions accounted for deescalation. In the majority of cases, deescalation was triggered by actors such as senior managers, internal auditors, or external consultants. Deescalation was achieved both by managing existing resources better and by changing the level of resources committed to the project. We summarize the implications of these findings in a process model of project deescalation.",Escalation of commitment | Information system development | Information systems auditing | Project management,Journal of Management Information Systems,1999-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Robey, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0012135877,10.2307/3250968,De-escalating information technology projects: Lessons from the Denver International Airport,"Project failure in the information technology area is a costly problem, and troubled projects are not uncommon. In many cases, these projects seem to take on a life of their own, continuing to absorb valuable resources, while failing to deliver any real business value. While prior research has shown that managers can easily become locked into a cycle of escalating commitment to a failing course of action, there has been comparatively little research on de-escalation, or the process of breaking such a cycle. Through de-escalation, troubled projects may be successfully turned around or sensibly abandoned. This study seeks to understand the process of de-escalation and to establish a model for turning around troubled projects that has both theoretical and practical significance. Through a longitudinal case study of the IT-based baggage handling system at Denver International Airport (DIA), we gathered qualitative data on the de-escalation of commitment to a failing course of action, allowing us to inductively develop a model of the de-escalation process as it unfolded at DIA. The model reveals de-escalation as a four-phase process: (1) problem recognition, (2) re-examination of prior course of action, (3) search for alternative course of action, and (4) implementing an exit strategy. For each phase of the model, we identified key activities that may enable de-escalation to move forward. Implications of this model for both research and practice are discussed.",De-escalation | Escalation | Field study | Information systems (IS) project management | IS project failure | Systems implementation,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2000-01-01,Article,"Montealegre, Ramiro;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33645127831,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2006.00207.x,The challenges of redressing the digital divide: A tale of two US cities,"In this paper, we examine efforts undertaken by two cities - Atlanta and LaGrange, Georgia - to redress the digital divide. Atlanta's initiative has taken the form of community technology centres where citizens can come to get exposure to the internet, and learn something about computers and their applications. LaGrange has taken a very different approach, providing free internet access to the home via a digital cable set-top box. Using theoretical constructs from Bourdieu, we analysed how the target populations and service providers reacted to the two initiatives, how these reactions served to reproduce the digital divide, and the lessons for future digital divide initiatives. In our findings and analysis, we see a reinforcement of the status quo. When people embrace these initiatives, they are full of enthusiasm, and there is no question that some learning occurs and that the programmes are beneficial. However, there is no mechanism for people to go to the next step, whether that is technical certification, going to college, buying a personal computer or escaping the poverty that put them on the losing end of the divide in the first place. This leads us to conclude that the Atlanta and LaGrange programmes could be classified as successes in the sense that they provided access and basic computer literacy to people lacking these resources. However, both programmes were, at least initially, conceived rather narrowly and represent short-term, technology-centric fixes to a problem that is deeply rooted in long-standing and systemic patterns of spatial, political and economic disadvantage. A persistent divide exists even when cities are giving away theoretically 'free' goods and services. © 2006 Blackwell publishing Ltd.",Bourdieu | Case study | Critical theory | Digital divide | IT policy | Municipal government,Information Systems Journal,2006-01-01,Article,"Kvasny, Lynette;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0038041976,10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00121.x,Reconciling user and project manager perceptions of IT project risk: a Delphi study,"In an increasingly dynamic business environment characterized by fast cycle times, shifting markets and unstable technology, a business organization's survival hinges on its ability to align IT capabilities with business goals. To facilitate the successful introduction of new IT applications, issues of project risk must be addressed, and the expectations of multiple stakeholders must be managed appropriately. To the extent that users and developers may harbour different perceptions regarding project risk, areas of conflict may arise. By understanding the differences in how users and project managers perceive the risks, insights can be gained that may help to ensure the successful delivery of systems. Prior research has focused on the project manager's perspective of IT project risk. This paper explores the issue of IT project risk from the user perspective and compares it with risk perceptions of project managers. A Delphi study reveals that these two stakeholder groups have different perceptions of risk factors. Through comparison with a previous study on project manager risk perceptions, zones of concordance and discordance that must be reconciled are identified.",Delphi study | IT project risk | User perceptions,Information Systems Journal,2002-04-01,Review,"Keil, Mark;Tiwana, Amrit;Bush, Ashley",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0000613478,10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00058-5,Beyond the interface: Ease of use and task/technology fit,"Perceived ease of use (EOU) is an important factor in determining whether an individual will voluntarily use an IS. Many developers focus their attention on the system's interface when designing for EOU. For users, however, perceived EOU can extend beyond the interface. This paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment confirming that perceived EOU is also a function of task/technology fit. When users report that a system is difficult to use, developers should not assume that the interface is the problem. There may be deeper task/technology fit issues that are not corrected by changing the interface. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Behavior | Ease of use | Experiment | Fit | Interface | Perception | Performance | Task | Technology | Usability,Information and Management,1998-11-02,Article,"Mathieson, Kieran;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Beyond Valuation:"" Options Thinking"" in It Project Management",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037227478,10.1046/j.1365-2575.2003.00138.x,The user–developer communication process: a critical case study,"Although user participation in systems development is widely believed to have positive impacts on user acceptance, it does not guarantee success and there is still much that we do not know about how and why user participation sometimes delivers positive benefits, but not always. Much of the prior research on user participation assumes that user-developer communication will ensure that the resulting system will be designed to meet users' needs and will be accepted by them. The nature and quality of the communication between users and developers, however, remains an understudied aspect of user participation. In this paper, we focus on the user-developer communication process. We propose a process model that delineates four stages of communication between users and software developers, and we argue that these stages must occur for user participation to lead to effective outcomes. To illustrate our model, we apply it to analyse a 'critical case study' of a software project that failed despite high levels of user involvement. We show that when 'communication lapses'occurred in several of the user-developer communication stages, developers failed to be informed regarding the underlying reasons that users avoided the system. Based on the insights from this case study, we advise researchers and practitioners how to leverage the potential benefits of user participation, rather than take them for granted.",IT project failure | Process models | Software development | Software project management | User participation | User-developer communication,Information Systems Journal,2003-01-01,Article,"Gallivan, Michael J.;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Blowing the whistle on troubled software projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-11844278235,10.1145/1029496.1029497,The one-minute risk assessment tool,"The use of one-minute risk assessment tool in software development is discussed. The one-minute risk assessment tool can be used to perform intuitive 'what-if' analyses to guide managers how they can proactively reduce software project risks. The tool can also be given to each of the key stakeholders in a project, allowing the project manager to bring out differences in perception. It has been suggested that formal project management practices have the power to reduce software project risk. The value of such practices lies largely in the well-defined patterns and directives that they create for coordinating interactions and integrating inputs from various project constituents.",,Communications of the ACM,2004-11-01,Review,"Tiwana, Amrit;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34248212341,10.1002/smj.623,Does peripheral knowledge complement control? An empirical test in technology outsourcing alliances,"While the normative logic for forming technology outsourcing alliances is that such alliances allow outsourcing firms to specialize deeper in their domain of core competence without being distracted by noncore activities, recent empirical studies have reported the puzzling phenomenon of some firms continuing to invest in R&D in domains that are fully outsourced to specialized alliance partners. An underlying - and widely made - assertion that can potentially reconcile this contradiction is that 'peripheral' knowledge (specialized knowledge in the domain of outsourced activities) complements control in technology outsourcing alliances. However, this assertion is untested; and empirically testing it is the objective of this research study. Using data from 59 software services outsourcing alliances, we show that such peripheral knowledge and alliance control are imperfect complements: peripheral knowledge complements outcomes-based formal control but not process-based control. Thus, outsourcing firms might sometimes need knowledge outside their core domain because such knowledge facilitates effective alliance governance. Our theoretical elaboration and empirical testing of the assumed complementarities between peripheral knowledge and control in technology outsourcing alliances has significant implications for strategy theory and practice, which are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",Alliances | Control | Governance | IT | Knowledge management | Outsourcing | Software,Strategic Management Journal,2007-06-01,Article,"Tiwana, Amrit;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84986160840,10.1108/09593840410542510,Trojan actor-networks and swift translation: Bringing actor-network theory to IT project escalation studies,"This study investigates the potential of actor-network theory (ANT) for theory development on information technology project escalation, a pervasive problem in contemporary organizations. In so doing, the study aims to contribute to the current dialogue on the potential of ANT in the information systems field. While escalation theory has been used to study “runaway” IT projects, two distinct limitations suggest a potential of using ANT: First, there is a need for research that builds process theory on escalation of IT projects. Second, the role of technology as an important factor (or actor) in the shaping of escalation has not been examined. This paper examines a well-known case study of an IT project disaster, the computerized baggage handling system at Denver International Airport, using both escalation theory and ANT. A theory-comparative analysis then shows how each analysis contributes differently to our knowledge about dysfunctional IT projects and how the differences between the analyses mirror characteristics of the two theories. ANT is found to offer a fruitful theoretical addition to escalation research and several conceptual extensions of ANT in the context of IT project escalation are proposed: embedded actor-networks, host actor-networks, swift translation and Trojan actor-networks. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited",Case studies | Information networks | Management failures | Technology led strategy,Information Technology & People,2004-06-01,Article,"Mähring, Magnus;Keil, Mark;Holmström, Jonny;Montealegre, Ramiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034250223,10.1016/S0164-1212(00)00010-8,An investigation of risk perception and risk propensity on the decision to continue a software development project,"Many information system (IS) failures may result from the inadequate assessment of project risk. To help managers appraise project risk more accurately, IS researchers have developed a variety of risk assessment tools including checklists and surveys. Implicit in this line of research, however, is the assumption that the use of such devices will lead to more accurate risk perceptions that will, in turn, lead to more appropriate decisions regarding project initiation and continuation. Little is known, though, about the factors that influence risk perception or the interrelationships that exist among risk perception, risk propensity, and decisions about whether or not to continue a project. Without a better understanding of these relationships it is difficult to know whether the application of risk instruments will be an effective means for reducing the incidence of IS failure. This study presents the results of a laboratory experiment designed to: (1) examine the relative contribution of two factors that are believed to shape risk perception: probability that a loss will occur and the magnitude of the potential loss, and (2) explore the relative influence of risk perception and risk propensity on the decision of whether or not to continue a software development project. The results indicate that magnitude of potential loss is the more potent factor in shaping risk perception and that a significant relationship exists between risk perception and decision-making. The implications of these findings are discussed along with directions for future research.",,Journal of Systems and Software,2000-08-31,Article,"Keil, Mark;Wallace, Linda;Turk, Dan;Dixon-Randall, Gayle;Nulden, Urban",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-14344281803,10.1080/07421222.2001.11045677,Keeping mum as the project goes under: Toward an explanatory model,"The problem of ""runaway"" information systems (IS) projects can be exacerbated by the reluctance of organizational members to transmit negative information concerning a project and its status. Drawing upon relevant bodies of literature, this paper presents a model of the reluctance to report negative project news and develops hypotheses to be tested. An experiment, which was designed to test these hypotheses for both internal and external reporting alternatives, is then described. Two factors are manipulated: (1) the level of impact associated with project failure should an individual fail to report negative information, and (2) the level of observed behavioural wrongdoing associated with the project. The results explain a significant portion of the variance in the reluctance to report negative information and suggest that there are some differences in internal and external reporting behaviour. Implications for research and practice are discussed.",Information system development | Mum effect | Project management | Whistle-blowing,Journal of Management Information Systems,2001-01-01,Article,"Smith, H. Jeff;Keil, Mark;Depledge, Gordon",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77749324811,10.2753/MIS0742-1222260301,Control in internal and outsourced software projects,"Although the choice of control mechanisms in systems development projects has been extensively studied in prior research, differences in such choices across internal and outsourced projects and their effects on systems development performance have not received much attention. This study attempts to address this gap using data on 57 outsourced and 79 internal projects in 136 organizations. Our results reveal a paradoxical overarching pattern: controllers attempt greater use of control mechanisms in outsourced projects relative to internal projects, yet controls enhance systems development performance in internal projects but not in outsourced projects. We introduce a distinction between attempted control and realized control to explain this disconnect, and show how anticipated transaction hazards motivate the former but meeting specific informational and social prerequisites facilitate the latter.Our results contribute three new insights to the systems development control literature. First, controllers attempt to use controller-driven control mechanisms to a greater degree in outsourced projects but controllee-driven control mechanisms to a greater degree in internal projects. Second, we establish a hitherto-missing control-performance link. The nuanced differences in internal and outsourced projects simultaneously confirm and refute a pervasive assertion in the information systems controls literature that control enhances performance. Finally, we show how requirements volatility-which can be at odds with control-alters the control-performance relationships. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed. © 2010 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Attempted control | Control theory | Information systems development | Project controls | Realized control | Survey research,Journal of Management Information Systems,2009-12-01,Article,"Tiwana, Amrit;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-63849122431,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2007.00264.x,IT project managers' construction of successful project management practice: a repertory grid investigation,"Although effective project management is critical to the success of information technology (IT) projects, little empirical research has investigated skill requirements for IT project managers (PMs). This study addressed this gap by asking 19 practicing IT PMs to describe the skills that successful IT PMs exhibit. A semi-structured interview method known as the repertory grid (RepGrid) technique was used to elicit these skills. Nine skill categories emerged: client management, communication, general management, leadership, personal integrity, planning and control, problem solving, systems development and team development. Our study complements existing research by providing a richer understanding of several skills that were narrowly defined (client management, planning and control, and problem solving) and by introducing two new skill categories that had not been previously discussed (personal integrity and team development). Analysis of the individual RepGrids revealed four distinct ways in which study participants combined skill categories to form archetypes of effective IT PMs. We describe these four IT PM archetypes - General Manager, Problem Solver, Client Representative and Balanced Manager - and discuss how this knowledge can be useful for practitioners, researchers and educators. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",IT project management | Project management skills | Project manager skills | Repertory grid,Information Systems Journal,2009-05-01,Article,"Napier, Nannette P.;Keil, Mark;Tan, Felix B.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0242270696,10.1109/TEM.2003.817312,Why software projects escalate: The importance of project management constructs,"Previous research has documented that software projects are frequently prone to escalation. While the escalation literature acknowledges that project-related (as well as psychological, social, and organizational) factors can promote escalation behavior, there has been no investigation regarding the role that project management factors may have in discriminating between projects that escalate and those that do not. The objective of this study was to explore whether project management constructs could be used to distinguish between projects that escalated and those that did not. Based on a survey administered to IS audit and control professionals, data were gathered on projects that did not escalate as well as those that did escalate. We then applied logistic regression to model the relationship between various project management constructs and project escalation. The model was then evaluated for its ability to correctly classify the projects. The results of our research suggest that a logistic regression model based on project management constructs is capable of discriminating between projects that escalate and those that do not. Moreover, the model compares favorably to a previously published logistic regression model based on constructs derived from escalation theory. The implications of these findings are discussed.",Escalation | Information technology | Project management | Software,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2003-08-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun;Mann, Joan Ellen Cheney;Zhang, G. Peter",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reporting bad news about software projects: Impact of organizational climate and information asymmetry in an individualistic and a collectivistic culture,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034275351,,Cutting your losses: Extricating your organization when a big project goes awry,"Overcommitment to a course of action is likely to make executives miss certain warning signs or misinterpret them when they do appear. In many cases, executives become so strongly wedded to a particular project, technology or process that they find themselves continuing what they should pull out. Instead of terminating or redirecting the failing endeavor, managers frequently continue pouring in more resources. While escalation of commitment is a general phenomenon, it is particularly common in technologically-sophisticated projects with a strong information technology (IT) component. The special nature of these projects - including the high complexity, risk and uncertainty they involve - makes them particularly susceptible to escalation.",,IEEE Engineering Management Review,2000-09-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Montealegre, Ramiro",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71549128988,10.1080/07421222.1994.11518050,Understanding runaway information technology projects: results from an international research program based on escalation theory,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons, and can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that takes on a life of its own. Such projects exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the broader phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon, including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. This paper discusses the results of a scries of experiments designed to test whether the phenomenon of escalating commitment could be observed in an IT context Multiple experiments conducted within and across cultures suggest that a high level of sunk cost may influence decision makers to escalate their commitment to an IT project In addition to discussing this and other findings from an ongoing stream of research, the paper focuses on the challenges faced in carrying out the experiments.© 1995 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Information systems failure | Runaway | Software project management | Sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,1994-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard;Saarinen, Timo;Tuunainen, Virpi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037227503,10.1046/j.1365-2575.2003.00139.x,The reluctance to report bad news on troubled software projects: a theoretical model,"By one recent account, only 26% of software development projects are completed on schedule, within budget, and with the promised functionality. The remaining 74% are troubled in some way: they are either cancelled before the development cycle is completed (28%) or are delivered late, over budget, and with reduced functionality (46%), In many cases, the most cost-effective solution would be to abort the troubled project early in the cycle, but senior managers are often unaware of the project's problems. Anecdotal evidence and at least one recent study suggest that losses are sometimes increased by the reluctance of organizational members to transmit negative information concerning a project and its status. Thus, although evidence of a failing course of action may exist in the lower ranks of an organization, this information sometimes fails to be communicated up the hierarchy or is substantially distorted in the process. The result is that decision-makers with the authority to change the direction of the project are unaware of its true status. By modelling this reluctance to transmit negative project status information and improving our understanding of the phenomenon, we believe that prescriptions can be developed eventually to reduce the losses from troubled development projects. In this theory development paper, we examine the reluctance to transmit negative information and develop a theoretical model that explains this phenomenon within a software project context. The model we develop draws on literature from the fields of organizational behaviour and communications, ethics, economics, information systems and psychology, and points the direction for future research.",IS project failure | Project management | Project status reporting | Whistle-blowing,Information Systems Journal,2003-01-01,Article,"Smith, H. Jeff;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33744828022,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2006.00218.x,Relative importance of evaluation criteria for enterprise systems: a conjoint study,"While a large body of research exists on the development and implementation of software, organizations are increasingly acquiring enterprise software packages [e.g. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems] instead of custom developing their own software applications. To be competitive in the marketplace, software package development firms must manage the three-pronged trade-off between cost, quality and functionality. Surprisingly, prior research has made little attempt to investigate the characteristics of packaged software that influence management information system (MIS) managers' likelihood of recommending purchase. As a result, both the criteria by which MIS managers evaluate prospective packaged systems and the attributes that lead to commercially competitive ERP software products are poorly understood. This paper examines this understudied issue through a conjoint study. We focus on ERP systems, which are among the largest and most complex packaged systems that are purchased by organizations. In a conjoint study, 1008 evaluation decisions based on hypothetical ERP software package profiles were completed by managers in 126 organizations. The study represents the first empirical investigation of the relative importance that managers ascribe to various factors that are believed to be important in evaluating packaged software. The results provide important insights for both organizations that acquire such systems and those that develop them. The results show that functionality, reliability, cost, ease of use and ease of customization are judged to be important criteria, while ease of implementation and vendor reputation were not found to be significant. Functionality and reliability were found to be the most heavily weighted factors. We conclude the paper with a detailed discussion of the results and their implications for software acquisition and development practice. © 2006 Blackwell publishing Ltd.",Attributes | Enterprise systems | ERP systems | Packaged software development | Software design trade-offs | Software selection,Information Systems Journal,2006-07-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Tiwana, Amrit",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Theorizing in information systems research: A reflexive analysis on the adaptation of social theory to information systems research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Strategies for heading off is project failure.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34047133233,10.1111/j.1540-5915.2007.00152.x,The bounded rationality bias in managerial valuation of real options: Theory and evidence from IT projects,"Although real options theory normatively suggests that managers should associate real options with project value, little field research has been conducted to test whether they suffer from systematic biases in doing so. We draw on the notion of bounded rationality in managerial decision making to explore this understudied phenomenon. Using data collected from managers in 88 firms, we show that managers exhibit what we label the bounded rationality bias in their assessments: They associate real options with value only when a project's easily quantifiable benefits are low, but fail to do so when they are high. The study also contributes the first set of empirical measures for all six types of real options. The study contributes to managerial practice by identifying the conditions under which managers must be vigilant about inadvertently neglecting real options and by providing a simple approach for assessing real options in technology development projects. © 2007, Decision Sciences Institute.",Bounded rationality | Decision errors | Empirical study | Judgment heuristics | Managerial biases | Project assessment | Project management | Real options | Satisficing | Selective search | Software development | Technology development decisions,Decision Sciences,2007-02-01,Article,"Tiwana, Amrit;Jijie, Wang;Keil, Mark;Ahluwalia, Punit",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34548288524,10.1111/j.1540-5915.2007.00164.x,Escalation: The role of problem recognition and cognitive bias,"Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action is an enduring problem that remains central to the study of managerial behavior. Prior research suggests that escalation behavior results when decision makers choose to ignore negative feedback concerning the viability of a previously chosen course of action. Previous work has also suggested that certain cognitive biases might promote escalation behavior, but there has been little attempt to explore how biases other than framing affect escalation. In this article, we explore the extent to which decision makers actually perceive negative feedback as indicative of a problem and how this influences their decision to escalate. Although problem recognition and cognitive biases have been intensively studied individually, little is known about their effect on escalation behavior. In this research, we construct and test an escalation decision model that incorporates both problem recognition and two cognitive biases: selective perception and illusion of control. Our results revealed a significant inverse relationship between problem recognition and escalation. Furthermore, selective perception and illusion of control were found to significantly affect both problem recognition and escalation. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. To improve problem recognition and reduce the incidence of escalation, practicing managers should implement modern project management practices that can help to identify and highlight potential problems while guarding against these two key cognitive biases that promote the behavior. © 2007, Decision Sciences Institute.",And selective perception | Cognitive bias | Escalation | Illusion of control | Problem recognition | Project management,Decision Sciences,2007-08-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Depledge, Gordon;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-43649108347,10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00191.x,Information technology project escalation: A process model,"Information technology (IT) a common and costly problem. While much is known about the factors that promote escalation behavior, little is known about the actual escalation process. This article uses an in-depth case study to construct a process model of escalation, consisting of three phases: drift, unsuccessful incremental adaptation, and rationalized continuation. Each phase encompasses several within-phase escalation catalysts and the model also identifies triggering conditions that promote transition from one phase to the next: project framing (antecedent condition), problem emergence, increased problem visibility, and imminent threat to project continuation (triggering the outcome deescalation). The results show that escalation is not necessarily the result of collective belief in the infallibility of a project. Rather, escalation results from continued unsuccessful coping with problems that arise during a project. Furthermore, the results suggest that the seeds of escalation are sown early: the very manner in which a project is framed contributes to whether or not the project will become prone to escalation. As problems ensue, repeated mismatches between attempted remedies and underlying problems contribute to fueling the escalation process. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2008, Decision Sciences Institute.",Case study | Escalation of commitment | IT projects | Process model | Project management,Decision Sciences,2008-05-01,Article,"Mähring, Magnus;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749490556,10.1111/j.1540-5414.2006.00131.x,Information systems project continuation in escalation situations: A real options model,"Software project escalation has been shown to be a widespread phenomenon. With few exceptions, prior research has portrayed escalation as an irrational decision-making process whereby additional resources are plowed into a failing project. In this article, we examine the possibility that in some cases managers escalate their commitment not because they are acting irrationally, but rather as a rational response to real options that may be embedded in a project. A project embeds real options when managers have the opportunity but not the obligation to adjust the future direction of the project in response to external or internal events. Examples include deferring the project, switching the project to serve a different purpose, changing the scale of the project, implementing it in incremental stages, abandoning the project, or using the project as a platform for future growth opportunities. Although real options can represent a substantial portion of a project's value, they rarely enter into a project's formal justification process in the traditional quantitative discounted cash-flow-based project valuation techniques. Using experimental data collected from managers in 123 firms, we demonstrate that managers recognize and value the presence of real options. We also assess the relative importance that managers ascribe to each type of real option, showing that growth options are more highly valued than operational options. Finally, we demonstrate that the influence of the options on project continuation decisions is largely mediated by the perceived value that they add. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed. © 2006, The Author.",And Real Options | Decision Making | Escalation | Information Integration | Information Systems | Innovation Management | Investment Decisions | Project Continuation | Project Management,Decision Sciences,2006-08-01,Review,"Tiwana, Amrit;Keil, Mark;Fichman, Robert G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71249111572,10.1057/ejis.2009.29,Identifying and overcoming the challenges of implementing a project management office,"With the ongoing challenge of successfully managing information technology (IT) projects, organizations are recognizing the need for greater project management discipline. For many organizations, this has meant ratcheting up project management skills, processes, and governance structures by implementing a project management office (PMO). While anecdotal evidence suggests that implementing a PMO can be quite difficult, few studies discuss the specific challenges involved, and how organizations can overcome them. To address this gap in existing knowledge, we conducted a Delphi study to (1) identify the challenges of implementing a PMO for managing IT projects, (2) rank these challenges in order of importance, (3) discover ways in which some organizations have overcome the top-ranked challenges, and (4) understand the role of PMO structure, metrics, and tools in the implementation of a PMO.We identified 34 unique challenges to implementing a PMO and refined this list to 13 challenges that our Delphi panelists considered most important. The top-three challenges were (1) rigid corporate culture and failure to manage organizational resistance to change, (2) lack of experienced project managers (PMs) and PMO leadership, and (3) lack of appropriate change management strategy. Through follow-up interviews with selected panelists, we identified a series of actions that can be taken to overcome these challenges including having a strong PMO champion, starting small and demonstrating the value of the PMO, obtaining support from opinion leaders, hiring an experienced program manager who understands the organization, bringing the most talented PMs into the PMO implementation team, adopting a flexible change management strategy, and standardizing processes prior to PMO implementation. The interviews were also used to better understand the role of PMO structure, metrics, and tools. In terms of PMO structure, we found that light PMOs were more likely to be implemented successfully. Most organizations eschew formal metrics, instead relying on subjective indicators of PMO success. Lastly, it appears that PMO tools are difficult to implement unless a project management culture has been established. © 2009 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Implementing PMO | PMO | Project management | Project management office,European Journal of Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Singh, Rajendra;Keil, Mark;Kasi, Vijay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846317823,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2006.00235.x,Reporting bad news on software projects: the effects of culturally constituted views of face‐saving,"The reluctance to report bad news about a project and its status is a known problem in software project management that can contribute to project failure. The reluctance to report bad news is heightened when it bears personal risks. Oftentimes, those who report bad news end up losing face. In extreme cases, they not only lose face, but may end up on the unemployment line. The need to preserve face is a powerful influence on social behaviour. While universal, it manifests itself differently in different cultures. To date, there have been no empirical studies of the extent to which culturally constituted views of face-saving affect reporting of bad news on software projects. This is a particularly important topic given the increased prevalence of global, dispersed software development teams and offshore outsourcing of software development. In this study, we conducted a role-playing experiment in the USA and in South Korea, to investigate the effect of culturally constituted views of face-saving on the willingness to report bad news regarding a software development project. A blame-shifting opportunity was chosen as the means to operationalize face-saving in a culturally sensitive fashion. The two countries were chosen because they differ markedly in their views of face-saving and the relative importance ascribed to two important aspects of face: lian and mianzi. Results reveal that the presence of a blame-shifting opportunity had a significant effect on US subjects' willingness to report bad news, but the effect on Korean subjects was not found to be statistically significant. In the absence of a blame-shifting opportunity, we did not observe any significant differences between US and Korean subjects in willingness to report bad news. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 2007 Blackwell publishing Ltd.",Cross-cultural | Experiment | Face-saving | Mum effect | Software project management | Whistle-blowing,Information Systems Journal,2007-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Im, Ghi Paul;Mähring, Magnus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67650732665,10.1016/j.jsis.2009.04.001,Effects of information technology failures on the market value of firms,"IT failures abound but little is known about the financial impact that these failures have on a firm's market value. Using the resource-based view of the firm and event study methodology, this study analyzes how firms are penalized by the market when they experience unforeseen operating or implementation-related IT failures. Our sample consists of 213 newspaper reports of IT failures by publicly traded firms, which occurred during a 10-year period. The findings show that IT failures result in a 2% average cumulative abnormal drop in stock prices over a 2-day event window. The results also reveal that the market responds more negatively to implementation failures affecting new systems than to operating failures involving current systems. Further, the study demonstrates that more severe IT failures result in a greater decline in firm value and that firms with a history of IT failures suffer a greater negative impact. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Event study | IT failure | Resource-based view,Journal of Strategic Information Systems,2009-06-01,Article,"Bharadwaj, Anandhi;Keil, Mark;Mähring, Magnus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954632096,10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00333.x,Comparing senior executive and project manager perceptions of IT project risk: a Chinese Delphi study,"The success rate for information technology (IT) projects continues to be low. With an increasing number of IT projects in developing countries such as China, it is important to understand the risks they are experiencing on IT projects. To date, there has been little research documenting Asian perceptions of IT project risk. In this research, we examine the risks identified by Chinese senior executives (SEs) and project managers (PMs), and compare these two groups. The importance of top management support in IT projects is well documented. Prior research has shown that from the perspective of IT PMs, lack of support from SEs is the number one risk in IT projects. Surprisingly, senior executives' perceptions towards IT project risk have never been systematically examined. One reason why lack of support from senior executives continues to represent a major risk may be that senior executives themselves do not realize the critical role that they can play in helping to deliver successful projects. In this study, we use the Delphi method to compare the risk perceptions of senior executives and project managers. By comparing risk factors selected by each group, zones of concordance and discordance are identified. In terms of perceived importance ascribed to risk factors, PMs tend to focus on lower-level risks with particular emphasis on risks associated with requirements and user involvement, whereas SEs tend to focus on higher-level risks such as those risks involving politics, organization structure, process, and culture. Finally, approaches for dealing with risk factors that are seen as important by both SEs and PMs are provided. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Chinese Delphi study | IT project risk | Project manager | Risk perception | Senior executive,Information Systems Journal,2010-07-01,Article,"Liu, Shan;Zhang, Jinlong;Keil, Mark;Chen, Tao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029403762,10.1109/17.482086,The effects of sunk cost and project completion on information technology project escalation,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for a variety of reasons and in some cases can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that seems to take on a life of its own. Prior research has shown that such projects can exhibit characteristics of the phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. One explanation of escalation is the so-called sunk cost effect which posits that decision-makers are unduly influenced by resources that have already been spent and are therefore more likely to continue pursuing a previously chosen course of action. A competing explanation, labeled the completion effect, holds that decision makers escalate their commitment as they draw closer to finishing the project. In order to understand more about the relative effects of sunk cost and project completion information, a role-playing experiment was conducted in which business students were asked to decide whether or not to continue funding an IT project given uncertainty regarding the prospects for success. Three variables were manipulated in the experiment: the level of sunk cost, degree of project completion, and the presence or absence of an alternative course of action. Results showed that subjects' willingness to continue a project increased with the level of sunk cost and the degree of project completion, but that subjects were more apt to justify their continuation on the basis of sunk cost. As theory would predict, the presence of an alternative course of action had a moderating effect on the escalation that was observed. © 1995 IEEE",,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1995-01-01,Article,"KeiL, Mark;Truex, Duane P.;Mixon, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33644669790,10.1016/j.im.2005.08.005,Assimilation patterns in the use of electronic procurement innovations: A cluster analysis,"Electronic procurement innovations (EPI) have been adopted by many firms as a means of improving their procurement efficiency and effectiveness, but little research has been conducted to determine whether the assimilation of EPI really increases procurement productivity and which factors influence its assimilation. Drawing on data from 166 firms, we conducted an exploratory study to address these questions, using cluster analysis that revealed four different clusters or patterns of EPI assimilation: none, focused niche, asymmetric, and broad-based deployment. The level of EPI assimilation was closely related to procurement productivity. Greater levels of EPI assimilation were associated with higher levels of top management support and greater IT sophistication. Also, interesting patterns emerged between the various elements of EPI infrastructure capability, specifically flexibility and comprehensiveness of standards, EPI security, and the level of EPI assimilation. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cluster analysis | Electronic procurement innovations (EPI) | Procurement productivity,Information and Management,2006-01-01,Article,"Rai, Arun;Tang, Xinlin;Brown, Paul;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-72449135770,10.1111/j.1540-5915.2009.00255.x,Organizational Silence and Whistle‐Blowing on IT Projects: An Integrated Model,"An individual's reluctance to report bad news about a troubled information technology (IT) project has been suggested as an important contributor to project failure and has been linked to IT project escalation, as well. To date, information systems researchers have drawn from, the mum effect and whistle-blowing literature to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence bad news reporting. More recent theoretical work in the area of organizational silence offers a promising new conceptual lens, but remains empirically untested. In this research note, we integrate key elements of Morrison and Milliken's (2000) model of organizational silence, which has never been empirically tested, with the basic whistle-blowing model adapted from Dozier and Miceli (1985). Using a role-playing experiment, we investigate how organizational structures/policies, managerial practices, and degree of demographic dissimilarity between employees and top managers create a climate of silence and how this climate, in turn, affects an individual's willingness to report. Our results show that all three types of factors contribute to a climate of silence, exerting both direct and indirect influence on willingness to report, as hypothesized. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. © 2009, Decision Sciences Institute.",Bad news reporting | Organizational silence | Project management | Whistle blowing,Decision Sciences,2009-11-01,Article,"Park, Chongwoo;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749142104,10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000727,The post mortem paradox: a Delphi study of IT specialist perceptions,"While post mortem evaluation (PME) has long been advocated as a means of improving development practices by learning from IT project failures, few organizations conduct PMEs. The purpose of the study is to explain this discrepancy between theory and practice. This paper integrates findings from a Delphi study of what experienced practitioners perceive as the most important barriers to conducting PMEs with insights from organizational learning theory. The results suggest that there are critical tensions between development practices and learning contexts in many organizations, and adopting PMEs in these cases is likely to reinforce organizational learning dysfunctions rather than improve current development practices. Based on these findings, we argue that the PME literature has underestimated the limits to learning in most IT organizations and we propose to explore paradoxical thinking to help researchers frame continued inquiry into PME and to help managers overcome learning dysfunctions as they push for more widespread use of PMEs. © 2008 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Delphi study | Organizational learning | Paradoxical thinking | PME | Post mortem paradox,European Journal of Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Kasi, Vijay;Keil, Mark;Mathiassen, Lars;Pedersen, Keld",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746602712,10.1109/TEM.2006.878099,Functionality risk in information systems development: An empirical investigation,"Functionality risk is defined as the risk that a completed system will not meet its users' needs. Understanding functionality risk is central to successful information systems development (ISD), yet much of the research in this area has focused on identification of risk factors and development of conceptual frameworks. Little is known about how various functionality risk factors collectively influence managers' perceptions about the risk that a project will fail. As organizations become increasingly reliant on software, it is evermore important to understand functionality risk in ISD. In this paper, we develop an integrative model of functionality risk to explain the relative importance of six salient functionality risk factors that have been consistently identified in the prior ISD literature as being important: 1) related technical knowledge; 2) customer involvement; 3) requirements volatility; 4) development methodology fit; 5) formal project management practices; 6) project complexity. The model is tested empirically with 60 highly experienced MIS Directors in sixty organizations. In addition to providing empirical support for the proposed model, the relative importance of each of the key functionality risk factors is empirically assessed. Development methodology fit, customer involvement, and use of formal project management practices emerged as the top three functionality risk factors. Additional finer-grained analyses show that high methodology fit lowers several other sources of risk. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2006 IEEE.",Conjoint | Functionality risk | Implementation failure | Information integration theory | Information systems development | Knowledge integration | Knowledge transformation | Project management | Software project risk,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2006-08-01,Article,"Tiwana, Amrit;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33750954588,10.1145/1007965.1007971,"Why didn't somebody tell me?': climate, information asymmetry, and bad news about troubled projects","The reluctance to transmit bad news is a problem that is endemic to many organizations. When large projects go awry, it often takes weeks, months, and sometimes even years, before senior management becomes fully aware of what has happened. Accurate communication concerning a project and its status is therefore critical if organizations are to avoid costly and embarrassing debacles. This paper describes the results of an experiment designed to explore some key variables that may influence an individual's willingness to report bad news in an information systems project context. We extend a basic theoretical model derived from the whistle-blowing literature by considering relevant constructs from agency theory. We then test the entire model using a controlled experiment that employs a role-playing scenario. The results explain a significant portion of the variance in the reluctance to report negative status information. Implications for research and practice are discussed, along with directions for future research. © 2004, Authors. All rights reserved.",Information Systems Implementation | Mum Effect | Software Project Management | Whistle-blowing,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,2004-06-14,Article,"Keil, Mark;Jeff Smith, H.;Pawlowski, Suzanne;Jin, Leigh",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The influence of checklists and roles on software practitioner risk perception and decision-making,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0037375261,10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00294-1,Predicting information technology project escalation: A neural network approach,"Information system (IT) projects can often spiral out of control to become runaway systems that far exceed their original budget and scheduled due date. The majority of these escalated projects are eventually abandoned or significantly redirected without delivering intended business value. Because of the strategic importance of IT projects and the large amount of resources involved in the development of IT projects, the ability to predict project escalation tendency is critical. In this study, we compare neural network and logistic regression models in building an effective early warning system to predict project escalation. Variable selection approaches are employed to identify the most important predictor variables from those derived from the project management literature and four behavioral theories. Results show that neural networks are able to predict considerably better than the traditional statistical approach - logistic regression. In addition, project management factors are found to be more critical than behavioral factors in accounting for the success of an IT project. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",IT project escalation | Logistic regression | Neural networks | Project management | Variable selection,European Journal of Operational Research,2003-04-01,Article,"Zhang, G. Peter;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun;Mann, Joan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887428694,10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.4.10,Control Balancing in Information Systems Development Offshoring Projects.,"While much is known about selecting different types of control that can be exercised in information systems development projects, the control dynamics associated with ISD offshoring projects represent an important gap in our understanding. In this paper, we develop a substantive grounded theory of control balancing that addresses this theoretical gap. Based on a longitudinal case study of an ISD offshoring project in the financial services industry, we introduce a three-dimensional control configuration category that emerged from our data, suggesting that control type is only one dimension on which control configuration decisions need to be made. The other two dimensions that we identified are control degree (tight versus relaxed) and control style (unilateral versus bilateral). Furthermore, we illustrate that control execution during the life cycle of an ISD offshoring project is highly intertwined with the development of client-vendor shared understanding and that each influences the other. Based on these findings, we develop an integrative process model that explains how offshoring project managers make adjustments to the control configuration periodically to allow the ISD offshoring project and relationship to progress, yielding the iterative use of different three-dimensional control configurations that we conceptualize in the paper. Our process model of control balancing may trigger new ways of looking at control phenomena in temporary interfirm organizations such as client-vendor ISD offshoring projects. Implications for research on organizational control and ISD offshoring are discussed. In addition, guidelines for ISD offshoring practitioners are presented.",Control balancing | Control dynamics | Grounded theory | Information systems development | Longitudinal case study | Offshoring projects | Organizational control | Outsourcing relationships | Process model | Project management,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,2013-01-01,Article,"Gregory, Robert Wayne;Beck, Roman;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960724132,10.1287/isre.1090.0256,Addressing digital inequality for the socioeconomically disadvantaged through government initiatives: Forms of capital that affect ICT utilization,"Digital inequality, or unequal access to and use of information and communication technologies (ICT), is a severe problem preventing the socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) from participating in a digital society. To understand the critical resources that contribute to digital inequality and inform public policy for stimulating initial and continued ICT usage by the SED, we drew on capital theories and conducted a field study to investigate: (1) the forms of capital for using ICT and how they differ across potential adopters who are SED and socioeconomically advantaged (SEA); (2) how these forms of capitals are relatively impacted for the SEA and the SED through public policy for ICT access; and (3) how each form of capital influences the SED's intentions to use initially and to continue to use ICT. The context for our study involved a city in the southeastern United States that offered its citizens free ICT access for Internet connectivity. Our results show that SED potential adopters exhibited lower cultural capital but higher social capital relative to the SEA. Moreover, the SED who participated in the city's initiative realized greater positive gains in cultural capital, social capital, and habitus than the SEA. In addition, we find that the SED's initial intention to use ICT was influenced by intrinsic motivation for habitus, self-efficacy for cultural capital, and important referents' expectations and support from acquaintances for social capital. Cultural capital and social cultural capital also complemented each other in driving the SED's initial use intention. The SED's continued use intention was affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for habitus and both knowledge and self-efficacy for cultural capital but was not affected by social capital. We also make several recommendations for future research on digital inequality and ICT acceptance to extend and apply the proposed capital framework. © 2011 INFORMS.",Capital theory | Cultural capital | Digital divide | Digital inequality | Economic capital | Habitus | ICT policy | Social capital | Socioeconomic inequality,Information Systems Research,2011-01-01,Article,"Hsieh, J. J.Po An;Rai, Arun;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880165300,10.1016/j.im.2013.05.005,Understanding the most critical skills for managing IT projects: A Delphi study of IT project managers,"The skill requirements for project managers in information technology (IT) projects have not been widely studied in the past, especially in terms of their relative importance. We addressed this gap in the literature by conducting a Delphi study with 19 IT project managers (PMs). Among the list of 48 skills identified, our panelists selected 19 skills as being the most critical for IT PMs and then ranked them based on their relative importance. Follow-up interviews were conducted with selected panelists to gain insights into the importance of the top-ranked IT PM skills. We compare our results with two previous studies of IT PM skills and discuss the implications for research and practice. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",Delphi method | IT project management | IT project manager | Project manager skills,Information and Management,2013-07-19,Article,"Keil, Mark;Lee, Hyung Koo;Deng, Tianjie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887070239,10.1057/ejis.2012.42,How user risk and requirements risk moderate the effects of formal and informal control on the process performance of IT projects,"Improving the management of information technology (IT) projects is of prime concern to both IS researchers and practitioners, as IT projects are notorious for poor process performance, frequently running over budget and behind schedule. Over the years, at least two separate streams of research have emerged with the aim of contributing to our understanding of IT project management. One of these focuses on the exercise of formal and informal controls, while another focuses on identifying and managing key risks such as those associated with requirements and users. Proponents of the control stream would argue that the exercise of formal and informal controls can improve process performance and there is some evidence that this is so. An obvious question that emerges, however, is how effective these controls are in the presence of particular risks. In this study, we seek to answer this question by developing and testing a research model that integrates these two streams of research. On the basis of data collected from 63 completed IT projects in China, we examine the moderating effects of requirements risk and user risk on the relationship between control (both formal and informal) and the process performance of IT projects. We contribute to the current state of knowledge by clearly demonstrating that both types of risk moderate the effects of formal and informal controls on performance. Specifically, both requirements risk and user risk were found to reduce the positive influence of controls on process performance, implying that implementing solid controls is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition to ensure good process performance. © 2013 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",formal and informal controls | IT project management | process performance | requirements risk | user risk,European Journal of Information Systems,2013-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun;Liu, Shan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78649594680,10.1111/j.1540-5915.2010.00288.x,Toward a Theory of Whistleblowing Intentions: A Benefit‐to‐Cost Differential Perspective,"In order to rescue information technology (IT) projects when they go awry, it is critical to understand the factors that affect bad news reporting. Whistleblowing theory holds promise in this regard and a number of salient factors that may influence whistleblowing intentions have been identified. However, an integrative theory that explains how they influence whistleblowing intentions has been conspicuously absent. In this research, we introduce and test a middle-range theory of whistleblowing that can explain how and why a variety of factors may influence an individual's whistleblowing intentions. Drawing on the social information processing perspective, we propose that individuals holistically weigh the perceived ""benefit-to-cost differential"" and that this mediates the relationship between whistleblowing factors and whistleblowing intentions. Tests using data collected from 159 experienced IT project managers largely support our theoretical perspective, in which the central explanatory variable (benefit-to-cost differential) significantly mediates a majority of the proposed relationships. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. © 2010 The Authors Decision Sciences Journal © 2010 Decision Sciences Institute.",Escalation | IT Project Management | Reporting Bad News | Whistleblowing,Decision Sciences,2010-11-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Tiwana, Amrit;Sainsbury, Robert;Sneha, Sweta",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036880911,10.1109/TEM.2002.807290,The challenge of accurate software project status reporting: a two-stage model incorporating status errors and reporting bias,"Software project managers perceive and report project status. Recognizing that their status perceptions might be wrong and that they may not faithfully report what they believe, leads to a natural question-how different is true software project status from reported status? Here, the authors construct a two-stage model which accounts for project manager errors in perception and bias that might be applied before reporting status to executives. They call the combined effect of errors in perception and bias, project status distortion. The probabilistic model has roots in information theory and uses discrete project status from traffic light reporting. The true statuses of projects of varying risk were elicited from a panel of five experts and formed the model input. The same experts estimated the frequency with which project managers make status errors, while the authors created different bias scenarios in order to investigate the impact of different bias levels. The true status estimates, error estimates, and bias levels allow calculation of perceived and reported status. The results indicate that at the early stage of the development process most software projects are already in trouble, that project managers are overly optimistic in their perceptions, and that executives receive status reports very different from reality, depending on the risk level of the project and the amount of bias applied by the project manager. Key findings suggest that executives should be skeptical of favorable status reports and that for higher risk projects executives should concentrate on decreasing bias if they are to improve the accuracy of project reporting.",Information theory | Project management | Reporting bias | Reporting distortion | Software project status | Status errors | Traffic light reporting,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2002-11-01,Article,"Snow, Andrew P.;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57049103451,10.17705/1jais.00163,Overcoming the mum effect in IT project reporting: Impacts of fault responsibility and time urgency,"The mum effect - a project member's reluctance to report bad news about a troubled project - has been recognized as an important contributor to project failure. While there are many potential factors that can influence the mum effect, in this study we focus on two factors that are particularly important in today's software development environment: (1) the issue of fault responsibility that arises in the context of outsourced IT projects that involve an external vendor, and (2) the issue of time urgency, which has become more important as firms seek to compete on ""Internet time,"" developing and delivering applications with greater speed than ever before. We draw upon the basic whistle-blowing model adapted from Dozier and Miceli (1985) to examine how fault responsibility and time urgency ultimately affect a project member's IT project reporting decision. Based on the results of a controlled laboratory experiment, we confirmed that the basic whistle-blowing model holds in an IT project context and found that both fault responsibility and time urgency can have significant effects on an individual's willingness to report bad news. Fault responsibility exerts both direct and indirect influence on willingness to report bad news, while time urgency was found only to exert an indirect influence on willingness to report bad news. One implication of our study is that when fault responsibility rests with an outside vendor, this can actually increase the probability that a client employee will report the bad news to his or her management, provided that the vendor is not able to hide the problem entirely from the client organization. With respect to time urgency, our results suggest that managers may be able to increase individuals' willingness to report by emphasizing that there is a narrow window of time to correct defects before a project is delivered and the impacts of defects start to be felt. Contributions and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2008, by the Association for Information Systems.",Fault responsibility | Mum effect | Project management | Time urgency | Whistle-blowing,Journal of the Association for Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Park, Chong Woo;Im, Ghiyoung;Keil, Mark",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Feedback channels: Using social presence theory to compare voice mail to e-mail,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870016709,10.1016/S0959-8022(99)00004-1,Information systems project escalation: a reinterpretation based on options theory,"Escalation of commitment is a well-known phenomenon whereby individuals and organizations continue to invest in what appear to be losing courses of action. Traditional theories of escalation implicitly assume the phenomenon is dysfunctional and results from flawed, or irrational, decision-making. Some have argued, however, that the phenomenon results from equivocal information concerning a particular course of action and does not necessarily represent a flawed or irrational decision process. To shed light on this distinction, we examine prior theories of escalation and introduce a reinterpretation of the phenomenon based on options theory. To provide a context for our discussion, we examine information systems (IS) project escalation. While escalation is a general phenomenon, IS investments represent a particularly appealing context of study for several reasons. First, investments in information technology represent a significant and growing fraction of total capital expenditures for most organizations. Second, IS projects exhibit certain characteristics which create ambiguity and may cause them to be especially susceptible to escalation. Our analysis suggests that traditional theories of escalation behavior give an incomplete picture because they do not provide a mechanism for distinguishing warranted from unwarranted escalation. Thus, traditional theories provide little explanation for those situations in which escalation behavior is economically prudent. Failure to consider the value of real options means that the perceived benefits of a project are lower than the actual benefits, meaning that managers are apt to reject or prematurely cancel projects that would in fact be economically beneficial to pursue. This paper applies options theory to show that some projects that might otherwise be viewed as cases of unwarranted escalation, actually involve situations in which escalation is warranted. The options theory perspective offers new theoretical insights that challenge the traditional assumptions and yet complement existing theories regarding escalation behavior. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.",Escalation | Information systems | Real options,"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies",1999-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Flatto, Jerry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33846059407,10.1016/j.dss.2006.10.002,"Attention-shaping tools, expertise, and perceived control in IT project risk assessment","This study investigates the use of attention-shaping tools and their interactions with expertise and perceptions of control on individual decision-making about risks in IT projects. The paper uses data collected from 118 IT project experts and 140 novices through a role-playing experiment to provide several novel insights into how these three factors independently and collectively influence perception of risks and subsequent project continuation decisions. First, attention-shaping tools have a significant effect on both risk perception and decision-making. However, among individuals with low expertise, risk shaping tools exhibit a significant but dual-sided effect on risk perception. They help identify risks captured by the attention-shaping tool but simultaneously introduce blind spots in their risk awareness. Second, while individuals with greater expertise perceive significantly higher levels of risks relative to those with lower expertise, the level of expertise had generally no influence on decision-making. Third, we found that perceived control is a powerful factor influencing both risk perception and decision-making. Implications for research and practice are discussed along with potential avenues for future research. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Attention-shaping tools | Decision-making | IT project risk assessment | Perceived control | Project management | Software expertise,Decision Support Systems,2007-02-01,Article,"Du, Stephen;Keil, Mark;Mathiassen, Lars;Shen, Yide;Tiwana, Amrit",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870587457,10.2753/MIS0742-1222290208,Hybrid relational-contractual governance for business process outsourcing,"We examined 335 business process outsourcing (BPO) ventures to understand the effect of contractual and relational governance factors on BPO satisfaction from the client's perspective. While both contractual and relational factors explain significant variance in BPO satisfaction, relational factors dominate. By examining interactions between key contractual and relational mechanisms, we found that elements of the two governance approaches operate as substitutes with respect to BPO satisfaction. Specifically, the relational mechanism, trust, was found to substitute for contractually specified activity expectations, goal expectations, and contractual flexibility. Similarly, the relational mechanism, information exchange, was found to substitute for contractually specified activity expectations and goal expectations. Finally, the relational mechanism, conflict resolution, was found to substitute for contractually specified goal expectations. Our results can be applied to more effectively realize controls in outsourcing contexts and to design governance systems that integrate contractual and relational governance mechanisms based on the characteristics of client-vendor relationships. © 2012 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.",Business process outsourcing | Controls | Formal contract | Hybrid governance | Relational governance | Services,Journal of Management Information Systems,2012-10-01,Article,"Rai, Arun;Keil, Mark;Hornyak, Rob;Wüllenweber, Kim",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Escalation of commitment in information systems development: A comparison of three theories.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847056173,10.1016/j.im.2006.10.009,The effects of optimistic and pessimistic biasing on software project status reporting,"Anecdotal evidence suggests that project managers (PMs) sometime provide biased status reports to management. In our research project we surveyed PMs to explore possible motivations for bias, the frequency with which bias occurs, and the strength of the bias typically applied. We found that status reports were biased 60% of the time and that the bias was twice as likely to be optimistic as pessimistic. By applying these results to an information-theoretic model, we estimated that only about 10-15% of biased project status reports were, in fact, accurate and these occurred only when pessimistic bias offset project management status errors. There appeared to be no significant difference in the type or frequency of bias applied to high-risk versus low-risk projects. Our work should provide a better understanding of software project status reporting. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Information theory | Project management and scheduling | Reporting bias | Software project management | Traffic light reporting,Information and Management,2007-03-01,Article,"Snow, Andrew P.;Keil, Mark;Wallace, Linda",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929207158,10.1287/isre.2014.0554,Paradoxes and the nature of ambidexterity in IT transformation programs,"Though information technology (IT) transformation programs are gaining in importance, we know little about the nature of the challenges involved in such programs and how to manage them. Using grounded theory methodology, we conducted a multiyear case study of a large IT transformation program in a major commercial bank, during which we encountered the interrelated themes of paradoxes and ambidexterity. Grounded in our case, we construct a substantive theory of ambidexterity in IT transformation programs that identifies and explains the paradoxes that managers need to resolve in IT transformation programs. The ambidexterity areas we identified are (1) IT portfolio decisions (i.e., IT efficiency versus IT innovation), (2) IT platform design (i.e., IT standardization versus IT differentiation), (3) IT architecture change (i.e., IT integration versus IT replacement), (4) IT program planning (i.e., IT program agility versus IT project stability), (5) IT program governance (i.e., IT program control versus IT project autonomy), and (6) IT program delivery (i.e., IT program coordination versus IT project isolation). What weaves these six areas together is the combined need for IT managers to employ ambidextrous resolution strategies to ensure short-term IT contributions and continuous progress of IT projects while simultaneously working toward IT transformation program success as a foundation for IT-enabled business transformation. However, in addition to this commonality, we find that the nature of paradoxical tensions differs across the six areas and requires slightly different management strategies for paradox resolution. Ambidexterity areas (1), (2), and (3) are associated with IT transformation strategizing and, in addition to balancing short- and long-term goals, require the mutual accommodation and blending of business and IT interests in the spirit of IT-business partnering to achieve IT-enabled business change and IT-based competitiveness. Ambidexterity areas (4), (5), and (6) are associated with IT program and project execution and, in addition to balancing short- and long-term requirements, require a recurrent and dynamic act of balancing ""local"" needs at the IT project level and ""global"" needs at the IT program level.",Ambidexterity | Balancing | Blending | Grounded theory methodology | Information technology | Paradoxical tensions | Transformation programs,Information Systems Research,2015-01-01,Article,"Gregory, Robert Wayne;Keil, Mark;Muntermann, Jan;Mähring, Magnus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The nature and extent of it project escalation: Results from a survey of IS audit and control professionals,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Project management courses in IS graduate programs: What is being taught?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867310382,10.2753/MIS0742-1222290102,The effect of an initial budget and schedule goal on software project escalation,"Software project escalation is a costly problem that leads to significant financial losses. Prior research suggests that setting a publicly announced limit on resources can make individuals less willing to escalate their commitment to a failing course of action. However, the relationship between initial budget and schedule goals and software project escalation remains unexplored. Drawing on goal setting theory as well as sunk cost and mental budgeting perspectives, we explore the effect of goal difficulty and goal specificity on software project escalation. The findings from a laboratory experiment with 349 information technology professionals suggest that both very difficult and very specific goals for budget and schedule can limit software project escalation. Further, the level of commitment to a budget and schedule goal directly affects software project escalation and also interacts with goal difficulty and goal specificity to affect software project escalation. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the existing body of knowledge on software project management by establishing a connection between goal setting theory and software project escalation. The study also contributes to practice by highlighting the potential negative consequences that can result from the nature of initial budget and schedule goals that are established at the outset of a project. © 2012 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.",escalation of commitment | goal setting theory | mental budgeting | project estimation | software project escalation | software project management | sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,2012-07-01,Article,"Lee, Jong;Keil, Mark;Kasi, Vijay",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651316330,10.1525/cmr.2010.53.1.6,Is your project turning into a black hole?,"Any seasoned executive knows that information technology (IT) projects have a high failure rate. Large IT projects can become the business equivalent of what astrophysicists know as black holes, absorbing large quantities of matter and energy. Resources get sucked in, but little or nothing ever emerges. Of course, projects do not become black holes overnight. They get there one day at a time through a process known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Without executive intervention, these projects almost inevitably turn into black holes. This article sheds light on the insidious process through which projects that devour resources, yet fail to produce business value, are created and gradually evolve into black holes. It presents a framework that explains the creation of black hole projects as a sequence of three phases: drifting, treating symptoms, and rationalizing continuation. The framework is illustrated through two cases: EuroBank and California DMV. The article then presents recommendations to prevent escalating projects from becoming black holes and provides a means for detecting problems at an early stage.",,California Management Review,2011-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mähring, Magnus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57049156037,10.17705/1jais.00165,Making IT project de-escalation happen: An exploration into key roles,"Given the persistent and costly problem of escalating IT projects, it is important to understand how projects can be de-escalated successfully, resulting in project turnaround if possible, or termination if necessary. Recent work suggests that the instantiation of specific roles may be central in bringing about de-escalation. However, few such roles have been identified to date and there has been no systematic study of key roles. In this paper, we therefore explore roles in IT project de-escalation using a single-case approach. Results suggest that de-escalation not only depends on the existence of particular roles, but also on role interaction. We identify seven roles that are of substantial importance in shaping whether and how de-escalation is carried out: messenger, exit sponsor, exit champion, exit blocker, exit catalyst, legitimizer, and scapegoat. Furthermore, we offer a set of propositions that capture key role interactions during de-escalation. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2008, by the Association for Information Systems.",Case study | De-escalation | Escalation | IT projects | Role interaction | Roles,Journal of the Association for Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Mähring, Magnus;Keil, Mark;Mathiassen, Lars;Pries-Heje, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-21244433596,10.1109/MS.2005.58,Beyond cost: the drivers of COTS application value,"COTS software's growing popularity has dramatically changed how companies acquire enterprise applications, yet surprisingly little is known about which attributes of enterprise COTS software buyers value most. A survey managers evaluated key COTS software attributes. The results helped create an enterprise COTS software analyzer that should benefit both buyers and suppliers. © 2005 IEEE.",,IEEE Software,2005-05-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Tiwana, Amrit",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-59649097808,10.1109/TEM.2008.2009794,The effect of IT failure impact and personal morality on IT project reporting behavior,"An individual's reluctance to report the actual status of a troubled project has recently received research attention as important contributor to project failure. While there are a variety of factors influencing the reluctance to report, prior information systems research has focused on only situational factors such risk, information asymmetry, and time pressure involved in given situation. In this paper, we examine the effects of both situational and personal factors on an individual's reporting behavior within the rubric of the basic whistle-blowing model adapted from Dozier and Miceli [1]. Specifically, we identify perceived impact information technology (IT) failure as a situational factor and personalmorality and willingness to communicate as personal factors, and investigate their effects on the assessments and decisions that individuals make about reporting the IT project's status. Based on the results of a controlled laboratory experiment, we found that perceived impact of IT failure directly affects an individual's assessment of whether a troubled project's status ought to be reported, exerting an indirect influence on willingness to report bad news, and that personal morality directly affects all three steps in the basic whistle-blowing model, as hypothesized. Willingness to communicate, however, was found not to affect an individual's willingness to report bad news. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. © 2008 IEEE.",Bad news reporting | Ethics | Impact of information technology (IT) failure | IT project management | Morality | Scope of impact | Type of impact | Whistle-blowing | Willingness to communicate,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2009-01-01,Article,"Park, Chong Woo;Keil, Mark;Kim, Jong Woo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Managing MIS implementation: Identifying and removing barriers to use,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Understanding overbidding behavior in C2C auctions: An escalation theory perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70349705718,10.1145/1562764.1562797,De-escalating IT projects: the DMM model,"The three approaches namely, the crisis management approach, the change management approach, and the problem solving approach which have been suggested for managing de-escalation and de-escalation management maturity (DMM) is discussed. The four phases of the de-escalation process includes problem recognition, re-examination of prior course of action, search for alternative course of action, and implementing an exit strategy. DMM model is based on the familiar CMM model, which captures the progressive levels of preparedness required to manage de-escalation. Soft skills are required on both these levels to persuade internal and external stakeholders to change set ways of thinking and embedded procedures. The DMM is not designed to compete with or substitute for the more broad-based capability maturity model (CMM). The DMM is designed with a much narrower focus on de-escalation management.",,Communications of the ACM,2009-10-01,Article,"Flynn, Donal;Pan, Gary;Keil, Mark;Mähring, Magnus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The deaf effect response to bad news reporting in information systems projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84969508931,10.1109/HICSS.2003.1174316,"Bridging the digital divide: The story of the free internet initiative in lagrange, georgia","This paper describes the Free Internet Initiative in LaGrange, Georgia: a program undertaken by the City of LaGrange to address the digital divide. In 2000, LaGrange became the first city in the world to provide broadband Internet access to every citizen. This research explores the history of the initiative and documents the achievements made as well as the challenges that city officials have faced in bridging the digital divide. Due to the nature of the initiative, the case study provides a good context for examining the limits of technology access. In particular, we note that in spite of some positive results, the Free Internet Initiative has failed to have the impact that policy makers had hoped for with respect to bridging the digital divide. The implications of the city's experience with the initiative are discussed.",,"Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, M.;Meader, G. W.;Kvasny, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036613356,10.1080/10429247.2002.11415158,A framework for assessing the reliability of software project status reports,"In this article, we propose a probabilistic model that accounts for project manager fallibility in determining project status, and the tendency of project managers to slant the status to be better than that actually perceived. We call the fallibility in determining status error, the tendency to slant perceived status bias, and the combined effect distortion. The results indicate that distortion can produce very large differences between true and reported status. In addition, the results indicate that the magnitude of this distortion is heavily influenced by the level of bias applied by the project manager. This investigation supports the notion that the reliability of status reports is not only dependent upon the skills of the project manager, but also on the culture of the organization. The model also provides a framework for further investigating status report reliability through empirical studies to determine error and bias estimates. © 2002 Taylor & Francis.",,EMJ - Engineering Management Journal,2002-01-01,Article,"Snow, Andrew P.;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84993102104,10.1108/eb028584,Validation of the Sitkin-Weingart business risk propensity scale,"Risk is an inherent component of business transactions. Today's flattened business organisations are forcing strategic, risk-related decisions farther down the organisational hierarchy (Richards et.al., 1996). Therefore, every business decision maker has to become proficient at factoring risk into the decision-making process. How the risk level of the transaction affects the decision maker and the eventual decision is a function of that person's risk propensity. For senior managers in those flattened organisations facing the necessity of having less-senior individuals making strategic decisions, the attitudes of those individuals toward risk is extremely important. © 1997, MCB UP Limited",,Management Research News,1997-12-01,Review,"Huff, Richard A.;Keil, Mark;Kappelman, Leon;Prybutok, Victor",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Addressing the sustainability challenge: Insights from institutional theory and organizational learning,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-47949087640,10.4018/irmj.1995100101,Portfolio theory approach for selecting and managing IT projects,"Effective IT planning remains a key issue for managers who seek to maximize the return on their investments in information systems. Managing the risks associated with investments in IT represents an important, but understudied, aspect of the IT planning process. Recognizing that individual projects carry different levels of risk, it has been suggested that managers adopt a portfolio approach toward investments in IT. Under such an approach, individual projects would be evaluated not just on their own merits but on the basis of their contribution to the overall risk of an organization's IT project portfolio. While the portfolio approach has intuitive appeal, it has been criticized for failing to provide a more direct linkage between the concepts of risk and return. In this paper, we draw upon financial portfolio theory to extend and explore the concept of a portfolio approach to managing IT project risk. In particular, we present a model that assesses an individual project in terms of its contribution to the overall risk of the IT project portfolio. The properties of the model are then examined using a simple two-project portfolio. A simulation using the model illustrates how an IT manager can take maximal advantage of the effect of diversification by selecting projects that are negatively correlated. In short, the paper demonstrates how to manage the risk/return tradeoff through careful selection of IT projects and appropriate allocation of resources among these projects. © 1995, IGI Global. All rights reserved.",,Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),1995-10-01,Article,"Marchewka, Jack T.;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84933498824,10.1002/bdm.1835,The effect of goal difficulty on escalation of commitment,"Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action is a problem in behavioral decision making that occurs across a wide range of social contexts. In this research, we show that examining escalation of commitment from a goal setting theory perspective provides fresh insights into how goal difficulty influences escalation of commitment. Specifically, through a series of two experiments, we found a curvilinear relationship between goal difficulty and post-feedback goal commitment, which was mediated by valence and expectancy associated with goal attainment. In turn, it is commitment to goals that leads individuals to continue a previous course of action despite negative feedback.",Escalation of commitment | Expectancy | Goal commitment | Goal difficulty | Valence,Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2015-04-01,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Keil, Mark;Wong, Kin Fai Ellick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031385327,10.1109/HICSS.1997.661582,Understanding the nature and extent of IS project escalation: results from a survey of IS audit and control professionals,"Runaway IS projects continue to be reported regularly in the trade press, but surprisingly little is known about: (1) how widespread the problem actually is, and (2) the factors that cause it to occur. Many runaway IS projects appear to represent what can be described as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. A survey of Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) members was undertaken in order to understand more about the prevalence of IS project escalation and the factors that cause it. The results are startling: Escalation occurs in 30-40% of IS projects and projects that escalate are rarely completed and implemented successfully. What is more, escalation appears to be caused by a combination of project management as well as psychological, social, and organizational factors.",,Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1997-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, Mark;Mann, Joan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Internet-Enabled Audio Communication: A Richer Medium For Students Feedback?.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028098869,10.1109/hicss.1994.323325,Understanding runaway IT projects: Preliminary results from a program of research based on escalation theory,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons, and can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that takes on a life of its own. Such projects exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the broader phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon, including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. This paper discusses the results of a series of experiments designed to test whether the phenomenon of escalating commitment could be observed in an IT context. This paper focuses not only on the results of the research which is still in progress, but also on the challenges that have been faced in conducting the research.",,Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1994-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897976116,,The pitfalls of project status reporting,"Accepting five inconvenient truths about project status reporting can greatly reduce the chance of being blindsided by unpleasant surprises. For instance, many employees tend to put a positive spin on anything they report to senior management. And when employees do report bad news, senior executives often ignore it. Overconfidence is an occupational hazard in the executive suite, and executives need to examine their own assumptions and beliefs about project status reporting. © Copyright Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. All rights reserved.",,MIT Sloan Management Review,2014-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Smith, H. Jeff;Iacovou, Charalambos L.;Thompson, Ronald L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870959481,,How user and requirement risks moderate the effects of formal and informal controls on it project performance,"Controlling information technology (IT) projects is a prime concern for both project managers (PMs) and users, yet little is known about how key risks affect the relationship between controls and performance. Based on data collected on 128 completed IT projects, we examine the moderating effects of requirement and user risk on the relationship between controls and process performance from the perspectives of both the project manager and the user liaison. Both risks were found to suppress the relationship between controls and process performance for each group. While both formal and informal control explain a significant amount of variance in process performance, formal control had a more significant role than informal control from the PM perspective, whereas informal controls play a more significant role than formal controls from the user perspective. The relationship between formal control and process performance was found to be stronger for PMs than for users.",Formal and informal control | IT project management | Requirement risk | User risk,ICIS 2008 Proceedings - Twenty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems,2008-12-01,Conference Paper,"Liu, Shan;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun;Zhang, Jinlong;Chen, Tao",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957338100,10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.009,Bad news reporting on troubled IT projects: Reassessing the mediating role of responsibility in the basic whistleblowing model,"Whistleblowing theory has been used in the information systems literature to help explain willingness to report bad news on troubled projects. According to whistleblowing theory, an individual first assesses the situation to determine if any action needs to be taken, then considers whether there is any personal responsibility to act, and this, in turn, shapes his/her choice of action. Information systems researchers have interpreted and used the basic whistleblowing model in a way that suggests that responsibility fully mediates the relationship between assessment and choice of action. While prior research has shown support for the basic whistleblowing model, the question of whether responsibility partially or fully mediates the relationship between the assessment and choice of action has not been tested empirically. This research provides theoretical justification for a partial mediation model. Using three different datasets, we provide empirical support for the partial mediation model. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",Bad news reporting | IT project management | Partial mediation | Whistleblowing model,Journal of Systems and Software,2010-11-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Park, Chongwoo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The bumpy road to universal access: An actor-network analysis of a US municipal broadband Internet initiative,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33749683619,10.1109/HICSS.2006.483,"The role of perceived control, attention-shaping, and expertise in IT project risk assessment","This study investigates how individuals assess risks in IT development projects under different conditions. We focus on three conditions: the perceived control over the IT project, the use of an attention-shaping tool, and the expertise of the individual conducting the assessment. A role-playing experiment was conducted including 102 practitioners with high expertise in IT projects and 105 university students with low expertise. Our study suggests first, that perceived control is a powerful factor influencing risk perception but not continuation behavior. Second, while the attention shaping tool proved more useful for individuals with low expertise, such tools should be used with caution because they create blind spots in risk awareness for those with less expertise. Third, individuals with more expertise perceived higher levels of risks in IT projects, as compared to those with less expertise. Implications of these findings are discussed, with potential avenues for future research and suggestions for IT project managers. © 2006 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2006-10-18,Conference Paper,"Du, Stephen;Keil, Mark;Mathiassen, Lars;Shen, Yide;Tiwana, Amrit",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Media richness theory: testing e-mail vs. v-mail for conveying student feedback,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905746508,10.1145/2659254.2659256,The role of a bad news reporter in information technology project escalation: a deaf effect perspective,"This paper presents a study of the deaf effect response to bad news reporting in an IT project management context. Using a mixed method approach that included both quantitative and qualitative data obtained through a laboratory experiment, our findings suggest that individuals turn a deaf ear to bad news reporting when bad news is received from a person who is not role prescribed to report bad news or is not perceived to be credible. Further, it was found that perceived message relevance and risk perception mediate these relationships. We also found that men are more willing to take risk, and also less likely to perceive risk compared to women in IT project escalation situations. Consequently, men are more likely to turn a deaf ear, thus causing IT project escalation to occur. In this paper, we discuss several implications of the findings of this study for both research and practice.",Deaf effect | Escalation of commitment | IT project management | Risk taking | Role prescription,Data Base for Advances in Information Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Cuellar, Michael J.;Keil, Mark;Johnson, Roy D.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901360697,10.1057/ejis.2013.3,Blending bureaucratic and collaborative management styles to achieve control ambidexterity in IS projects,"Managing information systems (IS) projects requires what we refer to as 'control ambidexterity', which is the use of different types of control to meet conflicting demands. This leads to the use of contrasting styles of IS project management and creates tensions in managerial practice, neither of which are well understood. We address this theoretical gap in our understanding based on an exploratory case study of an IS implementation project in the financial services industry. Adopting the lens of management styles as a meta-theoretical perspective, we sought to address two research questions: (1) Which management style(s) do IS project managers draw upon in practice and why? (2) What kinds of tensions result for IS project managers and team members from drawing upon contrasting management styles in combination - and how do IS project managers and team members deal with these tensions? Two contrasting styles of management emerged from our data - bureaucratic and collaborative - that are drawn upon by IS project managers to achieve control ambidexterity. Furthermore, drawing upon these two different styles in combination within the confines of a single project creates tensions. We explore these tensions and present an illustrative example of how IS project managers can deal with these tensions successfully in practice. Specifically, we find that they can be dealt with effectively by a tandem of two project managers who share responsibility for managing the IS project. The findings of this study have important implications for our understanding of control ambidexterity in IS projects. © 2014 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Contrasting management styles | Control ambidexterity | IS project management | Tandem project management structure | Tensions,European Journal of Information Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Gregory, Robert Wayne;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70249145128,10.4018/irmj.2007070101,A meta-analysis comparing the sunk cost effect for IT and non-IT projects,"Escalation is a serious management problem, and sunk costs are believed to be a key factor in promoting escalation behavior. While many laboratory experiments have been conducted to examine the effect of sunk costs on escalation, there has been no effort to examine these studies as a group in order to determine the effect size associated with the so-called ""sunk cost effect."" Using meta-analysis, we analyzed the results of 20 sunk cost experiments and found: (1) a large effect size associated with sunk costs, and (2) stronger effects in experiments involving information technology (IT) projects as opposed to non-IT projects. Implications of the results and future research directions are discussed. © 2007, IGI Global.",Is project control | Is project failures,Information Resources Management Journal,2007-01-01,Article,"Wang, Jijie;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84919706682,10.17705/1jais.00383,The dynamics of IT project status reporting: a self-reinforcing cycle of distrust,"Accurate project status reporting is important to avoid the problem of information technology (IT) project escalation and to successfully manage and deliver IT projects. One approach that some organizations have taken is to audit their IT projects to avoid surprises that are frequently associated with inaccurate status reporting. Little is known, however, about the effects that such auditing arrangements can have on the dynamics of project status reporting. To examine the process of IT project status reporting in this context, we followed a grounded theory inspired approach in which we investigated nine IT projects in one U.S. state’s government agencies. All of the projects we studied were subject to the state’s IT oversight board. Based on 118 interviews with a variety of stakeholders including technical personnel, managers, users, and contractors, we present a grounded theory of project status reporting dynamics in which the reporting process can best be characterized as a self-reinforcing cycle of distrust between the project team and the auditors. Specifically, in some projects, we observed a pattern whereby project teams interpreted the auditor’s scrutiny as unfair and as not adding value to their projects. As a result, they responded by embracing some defensive reporting tactics. The auditors interpreted the project team’s actions as indicating either deception or incompetence, and they then increased their scrutiny of the reports, thus exacerbating the situation and further fuelling the cycle of distrust. We discuss implications for both theory and practice.",Auditing | Information Systems Development | Project Management | Reporting,Journal of the Association for Information Systems,2014-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Jeff Smith, H.;Iacovou, Charalambos L.;Thompson, Ronald L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84905837141,,Optimism bias in managing IT project risks: A construal level theory perspective,"Prior research has shown that people have a tendency to be overly optimistic about future events (i.e., optimism bias) in a variety of settings. In this study, we suggest that optimism bias has significant implications for IT project risk management, as it may cause people to become overly optimistic that they can easily manage project risks. Drawing upon construal level theory (CLT), we investigate optimism bias in managing IT project risks. Based on an experiment with IT professionals, we found that a high-level construal of a project risk leads individuals to have a more optimistic perception about successfully managing the project risk, causes them to focus more on benefits over costs in choosing a risk management plan, and leads them to identify more pros than cons associated with a risk management plan relative to a low-level construal. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.",Cognitive bias | Construal level theory | IT project risk management | Optimism bias | Project management,ECIS 2014 Proceedings - 22nd European Conference on Information Systems,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Shalev, Eliezer;Keil, Mark;Lee, Jong Seok;Ganzach, Yoav",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,More than a mouse,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0346686376,,Software project escalation and de-escalation: What do we know?,"The reasons behind the escalation and failures of software projects are discussed. According to the author Mark Keil, both project management and behavioral factors can promote escalation. Project management factors that can promote escalation include specification, estimation, and monitoring and control. There are several phrases that affect the escalation and de-escalation of a project. Understanding and being alert to them can help managers to avoid escalation and implement effective interventions to promote de-escalation of troubled projects.",,Cutter IT Journal,2003-12-01,Review,"Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858640619,,The effects of scapegoating on willingness to report bad news on troubled software projects,"The reluctance to report bad news about a project and its status is a known problem in software project management that can contribute to project failure. The reluctance to report bad news is heightened when individuals perceive that they will be blamed for doing so. To date, however, there have been no empirical studies of the extent to which the ability to shift blame affects bad news reporting. In this study we conducted a role-playing experiment in the U.S. and in South Korea, to investigate the effect of scapegoating on the willingness to report bad news. We chose these two countries because they differ markedly along the dimension of individualism-collectivism that may be relevant to reporting bad news. Results reveal that the presence of a scapegoat had a significant effect on U.S. subjects’ willingness to report bad news, but the effect on Korean subjects was not found to be statistically significant. In the absence of a scapegoat, we did not observe any significant differences between U.S. and Korean subjects in willingness to report bad news. The implications of these findings are discussed.",Cross-cultural | Face saving | Mum Effect | Scapegoat | tware Project Management | Whistle-blowing,"10th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2004",2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, Mark;Im, Ghiyoung;Mähring, Magnus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Timberjack Parts: Packaged software selection project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85012929790,10.1007/s11573-014-0760-2,Untangling knowledge creation and knowledge integration in enterprise wikis,"A central challenge organizations face is how to build, store, and maintain knowledge over time. Enterprise wikis are community-based knowledge systems situated in an organizational context. These systems have the potential to play an important role in managing knowledge within organizations, but the motivating factors that drive individuals to contribute their knowledge to these systems is not very well understood. We theorize that enterprise wiki initiatives require two separate and distinct types of knowledge-sharing behaviors to succeed: knowledge creation (KC) and knowledge integration (KI). We examine a Wiki initiative at a major German bank to untangle the motivating factors behind KC and KI. Our results suggest KC and KI are indeed two distinct behaviors, reconcile inconsistent findings from past studies on the role of motivational factors for knowledge sharing to establish shared electronic knowledge resources in organizations, and identify factors that can be leveraged to tilt behaviors in favor of KC or KI.",Costs | Enterprise wiki | Knowledge creation | Knowledge integration | Knowledge management | Motivation | Rewards,Journal of Business Economics,2015-05-01,Article,"Beck, Roman;Rai, Arun;Fischbach, Kai;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85126626887,,How values shape concerns about privacy for self and others,"In this globally connected world, maintaining information privacy has become an issue to both individuals and societies. People from different cultural backgrounds not only perceive the importance of privacy differently but also may differ in terms of how they assess the sensitivity of private information, which might consequently affect their disclosure behaviors. Studying privacy concerns through cultural-values has received some attention but several gaps exist that call for further investigations. In this research-in-progress, we extend this research area by adopting Schwartz's theory to study the critical roles that personal and social values play in shaping concerns about privacy. Specifically, we plan to examine the impact of values on concerns about privacy for both self and others, and how these concerns influence self-disclosure behaviors. We aim to test our research model in different cultures (U.S., Europe, and Asia) while accounting for different contexts (social networks, online retail websites, and health websites).",Information sensitivity | Others' privacy | Personal privacy | Privacy concerns | Schwartz's values | Self-disclosure,"2015 International Conference on Information Systems: Exploring the Information Frontier, ICIS 2015",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Alashoor, Tawfiq;Keil, Mark;Liu, Leigh Anne;Smith, Jeff",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887119253,10.1057/ejis.2013.30,Journals and conferences in discourse,,,European Journal of Information Systems,2013-01-01,Editorial,"Te'eni, Dov",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,An adapted model for small business innovation networks: The case of an emergent wine region in Southern California,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84886472680,,Ambidextrous IS strategy: The dynamic balancing act of developing a ‘transform & merge’strategy in the banking industry,"Motivated by the lack of empirical IS strategy research in the M&A problem domain, in this paper we present a revelatory case study of a 7-year-long organizational balancing act of searching for the right information systems (IS) strategy in the pre-deal phase of a bank merger. Our case study is about simultaneous IT-driven organizational transformation and merger-driven integration, providing us with a fertile ground to study the development and evolution of ambidextrous IS strategies, which are underresearched. Based on the theoretical insights that emerge from our case study, we extend Chen et al.'s (2010) IS strategy typology and propose three different archetypes of IS ambidextrous strategy. Further theoretical insights relate to the required organizational capabilities for the successful implementation of IS ambidextrous strategies as well as the co-evolutionary interplay between business and IT units in that process. Future research should empirically test the IS ambidextrous strategy archetypes proposed in this paper as well as the associated findings.",Acquisitions | Ambidexterity | IS strategy | IT transformation | Mergers,"International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012",2012-12-01,Conference Paper,"Gregory, Robert Wayne;Keil, Mark;Muntermann, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The AtekPC Project Management Office,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84969508931,10.1109/HICSS.2003.1174316,"Free Internet Initiative in LaGrange, Georgia","This paper describes the Free Internet Initiative in LaGrange, Georgia: a program undertaken by the City of LaGrange to address the digital divide. In 2000, LaGrange became the first city in the world to provide broadband Internet access to every citizen. This research explores the history of the initiative and documents the achievements made as well as the challenges that city officials have faced in bridging the digital divide. Due to the nature of the initiative, the case study provides a good context for examining the limits of technology access. In particular, we note that in spite of some positive results, the Free Internet Initiative has failed to have the impact that policy makers had hoped for with respect to bridging the digital divide. The implications of the city's experience with the initiative are discussed.",,"Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2003",2003-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, M.;Meader, G. W.;Kvasny, L.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84969916935,10.1111/isj.12111,The roles of mood and conscientiousness in reporting of self‐committed errors on IT projects,"Over the past two decades, several studies have investigated the factors that lead to and away from individuals' reporting of truthful status information on IT projects. These studies have typically considered the reporting decisions of an individual who is aware of negative status information that is attributed to others' errors. These previous studies have seldom examined the situation in which the individual is considering whether to report information about his or her own self-committed error on the project. In this study, we consider this largely unexamined phenomenon. In this context, we focus on the influences that different affective states and a personality trait (conscientiousness) can have on error reporting decisions. Specifically, we investigate how different moods (i.e. positive vs. negative) and conscientiousness can influence error reporting decisions in the context of an IT project. Based on the results from a controlled laboratory experiment, we find that individuals in a negative mood are more willing to report their errors compared to individuals in a positive mood. Conscientiousness also positively influences individuals' willingness to report errors, and it also has an indirect effect through cost–benefit differential (i.e. one's perceptions of benefits relative to costs). Additionally, mood is found to moderate the relationship between conscientiousness and willingness to report. We discuss the implication of our findings and directions for future research and for practice. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",conscientiousness | information technology project management | IT project status reporting | mood | self-committed errors,Information Systems Journal,2017-09-01,Article,"Lee, Hyung Koo;Keil, Mark;Smith, H. Jeff;Sarkar, Sumantra",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85046321246,10.1057/ejis.2016.6,Collaborative partner or opponent: How the messenger influences the deaf effect in IT projects,"Prior research suggests that information technology (IT) project escalation can result from the deaf effect, a phenomenon in which decision makers fail to heed risk warnings communicated by others. Drawing inspiration from stewardship theory, we posited that when messengers carrying risk warnings about a project are seen as collaborative partners, decision makers are more likely to heed the message. Conversely, we theorized that when messengers are seen as opponents, decision makers are more likely to exhibit the deaf effect. We further posited that certain psychological factors (i.e., framing and perceived control) would moderate the effect of the messenger-recipient relationship on the deaf effect. To test these ideas, we conducted two experiments. When messengers were seen as collaborative partners, recipients assigned more relevance to the risk warning and perceived a higher risk, making them less willing to continue the project. Framing the outcomes associated with redirecting or continuing the project in terms of losses (rather than gains) weakened this effect. However, when recipients perceived a high degree of control over the project the effect was strengthened. Implications for both research and practice are discussed. European Journal of Information Systems (2016) 25(6), 534–552. doi:10.1057/ejis.2016.6; advance online publication, 22 March 2016.",Agency theory | Deaf effect | Framing | IT project escalation | Risk | Stewardship theory,European Journal of Information Systems,2016-11-01,Article,"Nuijten, Arno L.P.;Keil, Mark;Commandeur, Harry R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The impact of collectivism on the deaf effect in it projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85207380088,10.5465/ambpp.2006.27169098,OVERCOMING THE MUM EFFECT IN IT PROJECT REPORTING: THE EFFECT OF TIME PRESSURE AND BLAME SHIFTING.,"Troubled projects are a common problem in the information systems field. While there is a natural reluctance to report the actual status of a troubled project, doing so is sometimes the only way that the project can be brought to senior management's attention so that corrective actions can be taken to successfully turn the project around if possible, or abandon it if necessary. Prior research has suggested that the ability to save face and time pressure are two variables that may impact bad news reporting. In this paper, we examine the effect that a blame shifting opportunity (as a mechanism for saving face) has on an individual's assessment of whether a troubled project's status ought to be reported and on that individual's willingness to report. We also examine the effect that perceived time urgency has on all three constructs in the basic whistle-blowing model adapted from Dozier and Miceli (1985). Based on the results of a controlled laboratory experiment, we find that both blame shifting and time urgency are important factors affecting an individual's willingness to report bad news. Blame shifting exerts both direct and indirect influence on willingness to report bad news, while time urgency was found only to exert an indirect influence on willingness to report bad news. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.",MUM effect | Software project management | Whistle blowing,Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2006-01-01,Conference Paper,"Park, Chongwoo;Im, Ghi Paul;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Denver International Airport's Automated Baggage Handling System: A Case Study of De-escalation of Commitment.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Mum's the Word: Your project may initially encounter smooth waters if no one rocks the boat, but keeping unpleasant news under the surface can eventually torpedo...",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85138692275,,Managing IT Projects for Success: Reengineering or Better Project Management?,,,"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 1994",1994-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, Mark;Kapur, Gopal K.;Markus, M. Lynne;Willbern, James A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The effects of variable viscosity and viscous dissipation on the flow and thermal transport during optical fiber drawing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930347529,10.1111/isj.12075,Winner's regret in online C2C Auctions: an automatic thinking perspective,"While human beings embody a unique ability for planned behaviour, they also often act automatically. In this study, we draw on the automatic thinking perspective as a meta-theoretic lens to explain why online auction bidders succumb to both trait impulsiveness and sunk cost, ultimately leading them to experience winner's regret. Based on a survey of 301 online auction participants, we demonstrate that both trait impulsiveness as an emotional trigger and sunk cost as a cognitive trigger promote winner's regret. By grounding our research model in the automatic thinking view, we provide an alternative meta-theoretical lens from which to view online bidder behaviour, thus bolstering our current understanding of winner's regret. We also investigate the moderating effects of competition intensity on the relationships between the triggers of automatic thinking and winner's regret. Our results show that both trait impulsiveness and sunk cost have significant impacts on winner's regret. We also found that the relationship between these two triggers and winner's regret is moderated by competition intensity.",automatic thinking | sunk cost | trait impulsiveness | winner's regret,Information Systems Journal,2016-11-01,Article,"Park, Sang Cheol;Keil, Mark;Bock, Gee Woo;Kim, Jong Uk",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929740156,10.1080/08874417.2015.11645766,The Effect of Moral Intensity on it Employees' Bad News Reporting,"Safety critical systems can cause injury or death to people if they malfunction, and thus it is of vital importance for employees to report bugs in such systems. Based on the notions of moral intensity and morality judgment, we propose a model that explains employees' intentions to report bugs in safety critical systems. We conducted a conjoint experiment to test the model. Based on data from 173 software engineers, we found that morality judgment plays a key role in mediating the relationship between moral intensity and bad news reporting. Specifically, we found that two dimensions of moral intensity - magnitude of consequences and probability of effect - exert both direct and indirect effects on the willingness to report bad news. Further, we found that two other dimensions of moral intensity - temporal immediacy and proximity to victims - do not exert direct effects, but influence bad news reporting indirectly through morality judgment.",Bad news reporting | Moral intensity | Morality judgment | Safety critical systems | Whistle-blowing,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2015-03-01,Article,"Wang, Jijie;Keil, Mark;Wang, Li",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85107713233,,Using Perspective Taking to De-Escalate Commitment to Software Product Launch Decisions,"In software product development settings when things go awry and the original plan loses credibility, managers often choose to honor the originally announced product launch schedule anyway, in effect launching a product that may be seriously compromised in terms of both functionality and reliability. In this study, we draw on the perspective of escalation of commitment to investigate adherence to original product launch schedules despite negative feedback. Specifically, we use the notion of perspective taking to propose a de-escalation tactic. Through a laboratory experiment, we found strong support that taking the perspective of individuals that can be negatively influenced by a product launch can indeed effectively promote de-escalation of commitment. Furthermore, we found that the experiences of anticipated guilt mediate the relationship between perspective taking and de-escalation, and this indirect effect is significantly greater when a decision maker's personal cost associated with deescalation is high rather than low.",Anticipated guilt | De-escalation of commitment | Perspective taking | Software product launch,"35th International Conference on Information Systems ""Building a Better World Through Information Systems"", ICIS 2014",2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lee, Jong Seok;Lee, Hyung Koo;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Computerized Provider Order Entry at Emory Healthcare,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Corporate Finance,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Skills of Successful IT Project Managers: An Exploratory Study Using the Repertory Grid Technique,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Wenn ein IT-Projekt gestoppt werden muss,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,THE RELUCTANCE TO REPORT BAD NEWS ON TROUBLED SOFTWARE PROJECTS: TOWARD A THEORETICAL MODEL.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944589881,,Laboratory Studies of IS Failure as Escalating Commitment to a Failing Course of Action: Overcoming the Obstacles,"Runaway information technology (IT) projects-projects lhat exhibit significant overruns in project schedule and/or budget-represent a type of IT failure that can cost firms millions of dollars. While such projects have been frequently reported in the press (Betts 1992; Kindel 1992; Rothfeder 1988), this phenomenon has received relatively little attention from information systems researchers. Even though most runaway IT projects are eventually tenninated (or significantly scaled down in order to bring them under control), there are anecdotal data suggesting that managers allow thesc projects to continue for too long before taking corrective aclion. Many runaway IT projects appear to represent what can be described as escalating commiunent to a failing course of action (Brockner 1992) and we believe that a large number of IT failures can be described in such terms. Escalating commitment to a failing course of action occurs when a decision maker, who receives significant negative feedback concerning a project, continues to allocate resources to the project when a rational decision maker would make the choice to abandon (Brockner 1992; Staw and Ross 1987). Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. In order to gain a better understanding of runaway IT projects, we have developed a broad-based research program that includes both field-based and laboratory-based studies that are grounded in escalation theory. Here, we focus on the results of a series of controlled experiments that have been conducted to test whether escalation can be observed within an IT context and to learn more about the factors that may promote or impede this phenomenon. Preliminary results indicate that both the level of sunk cost and the presence or absence of an alternative course of action can affect subjects' willingness to continue with an IT project In the spirit of what Van Maanen (1988) refers to as a 'confessional tale,"" we will discuss the challenges that were encountered in conducting these experiments.",,"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 1993",1993-01-01,Conference Paper,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85006804686,10.1016/j.jss.2016.12.004,"Impacts of organizational commitment, interpersonal closeness, and Confucian ethics on willingness to report bad news in software projects","Individuals working on troubled software projects are often reluctant to report bad news concerning the project to senior management. This problem may be particularly acute when a subordinate must bypass their direct manager because the manager engages in a wrongful effort to suppress the bad news, which is the context for our study. In this research, we examine the impacts of organizational commitment, interpersonal closeness, and Confucian ethics on individuals’ willingness to report bad news that is deliberately hidden from upper management and we do this in the Chinese culture context. Based on data collected from 158 Chinese software engineers, we found that organizational commitment positively affects individuals’ willingness to report, while interpersonal closeness with the wrongdoer negatively affects willingness to report. With respect to the influence of Confucian ethics, our findings suggest that: (1) individuals’ ethical disposition toward loyalty between sovereign and subject (interpreted in this research as loyalty to one's organization) strengthens the positive effect of organizational commitment on willingness to report, and (2) individuals’ ethical disposition on trust between friends strengthens the negative effect of interpersonal closeness with the wrongdoer on willingness to report.",Confucian ethics | Interpersonal closeness | IT project management | Organizational commitment | Whistleblowing,Journal of Systems and Software,2017-03-01,Article,"Wang, Jijie;Keil, Mark;Oh, Lih bin;Shen, Yide",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85007440057,,Privacy on Reddit? Towards Large-scale User Classification.,"Reddit is a social news website that aims to provide user privacy by encouraging them to use pseudonyms and refraining from any kind of personal data collection. However, users are often not aware of possibilities to indirectly gather a lot of information about them by analyzing their contributions and behaviour on this site. In order to investigate the feasibility of large-scale user classification with respect to the attributes social gender and citizenship this article provides and evaluates several data mining techniques. First, a large text corpus is collected from Reddit and annotations are derived using lexical rules. Then, a discriminative approach on classification using support vector machines is undertaken and extended by using topics generated by a latent Dirichlet allocation as features. Based on supervised latent Dirichlet allocation, a new generative model is drafted and implemented that captures Reddit's specific structure of organizing information exchange. Finally, the presented techniques for user classification are evaluated and compared in terms of classification performance as well as time efficiency. Our results indicate that large-scale user classification on Reddit is feasible, which may raise privacy concerns among its community.",Machine Learning | Privacy | Reddit | Social Media | User Classification,"23rd European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2015",2015-01-01,Conference Paper,"Fabian, Benjamin;Baumann, Annika;Keil, Marian",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,selfsurvey. org: A Platform for Prediction-Based Benchmarking and Feedback-Enabled Survey Research,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"How Does Computerized Provider Order Entry Implementation Impact Clinical Care Quality, Cycle Time, and Physician Job Demand Over Time?",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Understanding digital inequality,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Turning Runaway Software Projects Around: The De-Escalation of Commitment to Failing Cources of Action,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,DEVELOPER RESPONSIVENESS AND PERCEIVED USEFULNESS.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Identifying and Preventing IS Project Escalation: A Survey of IS Auditors,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,BellSouth Enterprises: The Cellular Billing Project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Jong Seok Lee,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018736490,10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.04.010,The effects of construal level and small wins framing on an individual's commitment to an environmental initiative,"Organizations are increasingly focused on improving the environmental sustainability of their operations, products, and services. To implement sustainability initiatives, organizations often seek commitment from their members to volunteer discretionary time and effort toward reaching the initiative's goals. This research sought to understand whether construal level and small wins strategy might affect goal commitment toward a sustainability initiative. Using a scenario-based 2 × 2 factorial design experiment with 133 university students, we manipulated construal level and small wins strategy while measuring participants' environmental concern, perceptions of organizational efficacy, and goal commitment. Goal difficulty, gender, and age were included as control variables. Individuals with higher environmental concern had higher commitment to the organization's initiative, but this relationship was moderated, with both a high level of construal and the use of small wins strategy strengthening that relationship. Perceived organizational efficacy was also found to increase goal commitment, and women exhibited greater goal commitment than men.",Construal level theory | Environmental concern | Environmental sustainability | Goal commitment | Organizational efficacy | Small wins strategy,Journal of Environmental Psychology,2017-10-01,Article,"O'Connor, James;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85041590242,10.1080/08874417.2017.1328648,The Moderating Effects of Product Involvement on Escalation Behavior,"Prior research on escalation in online auctions neglects the role of product involvement, despite the importance of involvement in shaping purchasing decisions. In this study, we develop and test a research model in which product involvement moderates the effects of two key escalation drivers—sunk cost and completion—on an individual’s online bidding behavior. Results indicate that when product involvement is high, completion drives escalation behavior, but when product involvement is low, sunk cost drives escalation behavior. Consistent with prior work, the interaction of sunk cost and completion was a significant predictor of willingness to continue bidding.",Completion | escalation | online auctions | product involvement | sunk cost,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2019-05-04,Article,"Park, Sang Cheol;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85018651926,10.1016/j.im.2017.04.002,IT managers’ vs. IT auditors’ perceptions of risks: An actor–observer asymmetry perspective,"With the growing role of information technology (IT), many organizations struggle with IT-related risks. Both IT managers and IT auditors are involved in assessing, monitoring, and reporting IT risks, but this does not necessarily mean that they share the same views. In this study, we draw upon the actor–observer asymmetry perspective to understand differences in IT managers’ vs. IT auditors’ perceptions of risks. Through a quasi-experiment with 76 employees of a financial institution, we found that IT managers and IT auditors showed the expected actor–observer differences. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.",Actor–observer asymmetry | IT audit | IT risk perception,Information and Management,2018-01-01,Article,"Nuijten, Arno;Keil, Mark;Pijl, Gert van der;Commandeur, Harry",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84992088999,10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.09.012,Does extended CPOE use reduce patient length of stay?,"Objective This study compares use of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) and related clinical systems (i.e., extended CPOE) across 796 clinical teams caring for five distinct patient conditions. Our focus is the relationship between clinical teams’ extended CPOE use and extent of prolonged stay (EPS), defined as the deviation in patients’ observed length of stay from expected risk-adjusted length of stay. Materials and methods Using archival data from two affiliated hospitals in the Southeastern United States, we focused on five different patient conditions of varying mortality risk (vaginal birth, knee/hip replacement, cardiovascular surgery, organ transplant and pneumonia). For each patient, we (1) differentiated between the following three types of care team members—Responsible physician, Core team (excluding the responsible physician), and Support team, (2) created a composite of CPOE orders, documentation entries, patient record lookups, order set adherence, alert acknowledgement, and progress note entries to assess the deep structure use (DSU) of CPOE by the three types of members in the patients’ care team, and (3) aggregated DSU of CPOE across all three types of care team members to calculate Total team DSU. Results Teams with higher Total team DSU of CPOE had lower EPS for all five patient conditions. Patients of Core teams with higher DSU of CPOE had lower EPS in all conditions except organ transplant, comprising 93% of the patients studied. Higher DSU of CPOE by all three clinician types significantly reduced EPS for vaginal birth and knee/hip replacement, whereas higher DSU by two of the three types of care team members significantly reduced EPS for cardiovascular surgery and pneumonia. Conclusions Our results suggest that a clinician team that uses CPOE in a comprehensive manner is better informed enabling the team to coordinate care more effectively, resulting in reduced EPS.",CPOE | Deep structure use | Meaningful use | Risk adjusted length of stay,International Journal of Medical Informatics,2017-01-01,Article,"Romanow, Darryl;Rai, Arun;Keil, Mark;Luxenberg, Steven",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,What Happens When Internal Auditors Experience that Managers Turn a Deaf Ear in IT Projects?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Context and Timing in Bad News Reporting: An Exploratory study in IS projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Comparative Evaluation Bias in Escalation of Commitment to an IT Product Development Project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Societal Factors, Internet Privacy Concerns, and Self-Disclosure: The Case of Social Networking Sites in Saudi Arabia",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,NETWORK AND PATH BUILDING PROCESSES IN EMERGING VENTURES (SUMMARY),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Roles of Mood and Conscientiousness in Error Reporting Decisions on IT Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Influence of Performance Appraisal on Escalation of Commitment in IT Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,DEAF EFFECT IN ESCALATION OF IS-PROJECTS: AN EXPLORATORY MULTI-CASESTUDY ON CAUSES AND AUDITOR-MANAGER INTERACTION,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-78651316330,10.1525/cmr.2010.53.1.6,Is Your Project Turning into a Black Hole?,"Any seasoned executive knows that information technology (IT) projects have a high failure rate. Large IT projects can become the business equivalent of what astrophysicists know as black holes, absorbing large quantities of matter and energy. Resources get sucked in, but little or nothing ever emerges. Of course, projects do not become black holes overnight. They get there one day at a time through a process known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Without executive intervention, these projects almost inevitably turn into black holes. This article sheds light on the insidious process through which projects that devour resources, yet fail to produce business value, are created and gradually evolve into black holes. It presents a framework that explains the creation of black hole projects as a sequence of three phases: drifting, treating symptoms, and rationalizing continuation. The framework is illustrated through two cases: EuroBank and California DMV. The article then presents recommendations to prevent escalating projects from becoming black holes and provides a means for detecting problems at an early stage.",,California Management Review,2011-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mähring, Magnus",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Telemonitoring at Visiting Nurse Health System,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Van IT-project tot... zwart gat-Bijna elke bestuurder kent wel een kostbaar IT-project dat een bodemloze put was en nauwelijks resultaat had. Hoe voorkom je zo'n zin...,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A: ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS-Is your project turning into a black hole? Ad: 100,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85021300211,,Buyers' Perceptions of the Risks of Internet Enabled Reverse Auctions.,"In addition to reducing the purchasing cost, Internet Enabled Reverse Auctions (RAs) are now being used by buyer firms to explore new suppliers. The decision to use RAs is increasingly being recognized for its strategic importance to buyer firms. However, such decisions of strategic importance are presumably accompanied by equally serious risks. The first step to managing such risks is identifying what they are. Unfortunately, there is no validated check list of buyer risks that can assist firms when using RAs. We have taken the first step towards addressing this issue by developing an authoritative list of the important risks associated with the use of RAs as a sourcing strategy. By employing a rigorous ranking type Delphi survey methodology, we developed a comprehensive list of the key risks ranked by their relative importance. Implications of our findings for both researchers and sourcing professionals are discussed.",Delphi Methodology | Internet Enabled Reverse Auctions,"17th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2011, AMCIS 2011",2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sambhara, Chaitanya;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun;Kasi, Vijay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Software Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,About Our Authors,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Bernard CY Tan, H. Jeff Smith",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-57049156037,10.17705/1jais.00165,Making IT Project De-Escalation Happen: An Exploration into Key Roles,"Given the persistent and costly problem of escalating IT projects, it is important to understand how projects can be de-escalated successfully, resulting in project turnaround if possible, or termination if necessary. Recent work suggests that the instantiation of specific roles may be central in bringing about de-escalation. However, few such roles have been identified to date and there has been no systematic study of key roles. In this paper, we therefore explore roles in IT project de-escalation using a single-case approach. Results suggest that de-escalation not only depends on the existence of particular roles, but also on role interaction. We identify seven roles that are of substantial importance in shaping whether and how de-escalation is carried out: messenger, exit sponsor, exit champion, exit blocker, exit catalyst, legitimizer, and scapegoat. Furthermore, we offer a set of propositions that capture key role interactions during de-escalation. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2008, by the Association for Information Systems.",Case study | De-escalation | Escalation | IT projects | Role interaction | Roles,Journal of the Association for Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Mähring, Magnus;Keil, Mark;Mathiassen, Lars;Pries-Heje, Jan",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,De-Escalating Runaway IT Projects: An Integrated and a Staged Model,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84870160472,,Organizational Factors and Bad News Reporting on Troubled IT Projects,"An individual's reluctance to report bad news about a troubled IT project has been found to be an important contributor to project failure. While there are a variety of factors influencing the reluctance to report, prior IS research has mainly focused on situational factors rather than personal and organizational factors. In this paper, we examine the effects of certain organizational factors on an individual's reporting behavior within the rubric of the basic whistle-blowing model adapted from Dozier and Miceli (1985). Specifically, we investigate how organizational structures/policies and managerial practices affect the organizational climate of silence. This study also examines how the climate of silence interacts with the three decision steps in the basic whistle-blowing model.",Bad news reporting | Climate of silence | Employee silence | IT project management | Organizational silence | Whistle-blowing,"Association for Information Systems - 13th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2007: Reaching New Heights",2007-12-01,Conference Paper,"Park, Chong Woo;Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Impact of Collectivism on the Deaf Effect in IT Projects-Research in Progress,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Deaf Effect Response to Whistle-Blowing in The Deaf Effect Response to Whistle-Blowing in Information Systems Projects,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869823671,,Leverage Points for Addressing Digital Inequalities: Comparing Under-Privileged Adopters and Non-Adopters of High Speed Internet TV,"Digital inequality, or the unequal access and use of information communication technologies, inhibits under-privileged people from opportunities in the digital world. Although government and private organizations have devoted considerable resources to address this inequality, issues remain unsolved. A theory-based investigation of the phenomenon is essential for effective policy-making and intervention. The context of the field study is the ""Free Internet TV"" initiative in LaGrange, Georgia, which provided high-speed Internet to every household via cable at no cost. This research investigates underprivileged residents' innovation behavior through the lens of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Exposure to Innovation and Trust in Government are included to elaborate the theoretical focus of TPB. The research compares the models that characterize under-privileged adopters and non-adopters' innovation decisions. The results advance the theoretical understanding of digital inequality, enrich the knowledge of adoption of innovation, and identify leverage points for policymakers devising interventions to address the inequality.",Adoption | Diffusion | Digital divide | Digital inequality | IT policy,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hsieh, J. J.Po An;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869823671,,Leverage Points for Addressing Digital Inequality: Comparing Under Privileged Adopters and Non-Adopters of High Speed Internet TV,"Digital inequality, or the unequal access and use of information communication technologies, inhibits under-privileged people from opportunities in the digital world. Although government and private organizations have devoted considerable resources to address this inequality, issues remain unsolved. A theory-based investigation of the phenomenon is essential for effective policy-making and intervention. The context of the field study is the ""Free Internet TV"" initiative in LaGrange, Georgia, which provided high-speed Internet to every household via cable at no cost. This research investigates underprivileged residents' innovation behavior through the lens of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Exposure to Innovation and Trust in Government are included to elaborate the theoretical focus of TPB. The research compares the models that characterize under-privileged adopters and non-adopters' innovation decisions. The results advance the theoretical understanding of digital inequality, enrich the knowledge of adoption of innovation, and identify leverage points for policymakers devising interventions to address the inequality.",Adoption | Diffusion | Digital divide | Digital inequality | IT policy,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Hsieh, J. J.Po An;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Essence of Software Project Escalation...,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reporting Bad News About Software Projects: Impact of Organizational Climate and Information Asymmetry in an a Collectivistic Culture.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Kristian Rautiainen, Casper Lassenius, and Reijo Sulonen 3 3",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Letters from the editors,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ACM SIGMIS Database Volume 30 Issue 3-4,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ACM SIGMIS Database Volume 30 Issue 2,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Timberjack Parts: Packaged Software Selection Project,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85029591302,,Turning runaway software projects around: The de-escalation of commitment to failing courses of action,,,"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 1997",1997-12-15,Conference Paper,"Keil, Mark;Robey, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Panel 14 Is What We Know About Top Management Support Practically Useful? A Challenge to the Conventional Wisdom,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Panel 14 Is What We Know About Top Management Support Practically Useful? A Challenge to the Conventional Wisdom,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85138691131,,Is What We Know About Top Management Support Practically Useful? A Challenge to the Conventional Wisdom,,,"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 1996",1996-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sauer, Chris;Keil, Mark;Qatsha, Alex",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,DEVELOPER RESPONSIVENESS AND PERCEIVED USEFULNESS,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-53349163773,10.2307/249627,Software Project Management and the,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons and in some cases can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the IT project that seems to take on a life of its own, continuing to absorb valuable resources without reaching its objective. A significant number of these projects will ultimately fail, potentially weakening a firm's competitive position while siphoning off resources that could be spent developing and implementing successful systems. The escalation literature provides a promising theoretical base for explaining this type of IT failure. Using a model of escalation based on the literature, a case study of IT project escalation is discussed and analyzed. The results suggest that escalation is promoted by a combination of project, psychological, social, and organizational factors. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed along with prescriptions for how to avoid the problem of escalation.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Implementation | IS failure | Software project management,MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems,1995-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71549128988,10.1080/07421222.1994.11518050,Program Based on Escalation Theory,"Information technology (IT) projects can fail for any number of reasons, and can result in considerable financial losses for the organizations that undertake them. One pattern of failure that has been observed but seldom studied is the runaway project that takes on a life of its own. Such projects exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the broader phenomenon known as escalating commitment to a failing course of action. Several theories have been offered to explain this phenomenon, including self-justification theory and the so-called sunk cost effect which can be explained by prospect theory. This paper discusses the results of a scries of experiments designed to test whether the phenomenon of escalating commitment could be observed in an IT context Multiple experiments conducted within and across cultures suggest that a high level of sunk cost may influence decision makers to escalate their commitment to an IT project In addition to discussing this and other findings from an ongoing stream of research, the paper focuses on the challenges faced in carrying out the experiments.© 1995 M.E. Sharpe, Inc.",Escalating commitment | Escalation | Information systems failure | Runaway | Software project management | Sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,1994-01-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Mixon, Richard;Saarinen, Timo;Tuunainen, Virpi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85030634426,10.1111/apps.12109,Does a Tired Mind Help Avoid a Decision Bias? The Effect of Ego Depletion on Escalation of Commitment,"In this research, we investigated the effect of ego depletion on escalation of commitment. Specifically, we conducted two laboratory experiments and obtained evidence that ego depletion decreases escalation of commitment. In Study 1, we found that individuals were less susceptible to escalation of commitment after completing an ego depletion task. In Study 2, we confirmed the effect observed in Study 1 using a different manipulation of ego depletion and a different subject pool. Contrary to the fundamental assumption of bounded rationality that people have a tendency to make decision errors when mental resources are scarce, the findings of this research show that a tired mind can help reduce escalation bias.",,Applied Psychology,2018-01-01,Article,"Lee, Jong Seok;Keil, Mark;Wong, Kin Fai Ellick",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85030453431,10.1111/isj.12168,Violations of health information privacy: The role of attributions and anticipated regret in shaping whistle‐blowing intentions,"We examine the role of attributions, the seriousness of wrongdoing, and emotion in shaping individuals' whistle-blowing intentions in the context of health information privacy violations. Based on 3 studies in which the intentionality of wrongdoing and the stability of wrongdoing were manipulated independently, we found consistent evidence that the intentionality of wrongdoing affects anticipated regret about remaining silent. The findings regarding the effect of stability, however, were mixed. In study 1, the stability of wrongdoing was found to affect anticipated regret about remaining silent, and in studies 2 and 3, stability was found to have a direct effect on whistle-blowing intention but no effect on anticipated regret about remaining silent. In the 3 studies, the seriousness of wrongdoing was found to have an effect on whistle-blowing intentions, but this effect was mediated by anticipated regret about remaining silent. Implications for research and practice are discussed.",anticipated regret | attribution | emotion | health information privacy | whistle-blowing,Information Systems Journal,2018-09-01,Article,"Keil, Mark;Park, Eun Hee;Ramesh, Balasubramaniam",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Acceptance Model,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"1978-1982 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, NJ",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,MIS Quarterly’s Prolific Authors,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,RISKS AND CONTROLS IN ELECTRONIC REVERSE AUCTIONS: COMPARING BUYER AND SUPPLIER PERSPECTIVES,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reducing Software Project Risk: Can Risk Be Assessed In A Minute?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The Magazine,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Vijay Kasi (google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-71249111572,10.1057/ejis.2009.29,Identifying and overcoming the challenges of implementing a project management office,"With the ongoing challenge of successfully managing information technology (IT) projects, organizations are recognizing the need for greater project management discipline. For many organizations, this has meant ratcheting up project management skills, processes, and governance structures by implementing a project management office (PMO). While anecdotal evidence suggests that implementing a PMO can be quite difficult, few studies discuss the specific challenges involved, and how organizations can overcome them. To address this gap in existing knowledge, we conducted a Delphi study to (1) identify the challenges of implementing a PMO for managing IT projects, (2) rank these challenges in order of importance, (3) discover ways in which some organizations have overcome the top-ranked challenges, and (4) understand the role of PMO structure, metrics, and tools in the implementation of a PMO.We identified 34 unique challenges to implementing a PMO and refined this list to 13 challenges that our Delphi panelists considered most important. The top-three challenges were (1) rigid corporate culture and failure to manage organizational resistance to change, (2) lack of experienced project managers (PMs) and PMO leadership, and (3) lack of appropriate change management strategy. Through follow-up interviews with selected panelists, we identified a series of actions that can be taken to overcome these challenges including having a strong PMO champion, starting small and demonstrating the value of the PMO, obtaining support from opinion leaders, hiring an experienced program manager who understands the organization, bringing the most talented PMs into the PMO implementation team, adopting a flexible change management strategy, and standardizing processes prior to PMO implementation. The interviews were also used to better understand the role of PMO structure, metrics, and tools. In terms of PMO structure, we found that light PMOs were more likely to be implemented successfully. Most organizations eschew formal metrics, instead relying on subjective indicators of PMO success. Lastly, it appears that PMO tools are difficult to implement unless a project management culture has been established. © 2009 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Implementing PMO | PMO | Project management | Project management office,European Journal of Information Systems,2009-01-01,Article,"Singh, Rajendra;Keil, Mark;Kasi, Vijay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-39749142104,10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000727,The post mortem paradox: a Delphi study of IT specialist perceptions,"While post mortem evaluation (PME) has long been advocated as a means of improving development practices by learning from IT project failures, few organizations conduct PMEs. The purpose of the study is to explain this discrepancy between theory and practice. This paper integrates findings from a Delphi study of what experienced practitioners perceive as the most important barriers to conducting PMEs with insights from organizational learning theory. The results suggest that there are critical tensions between development practices and learning contexts in many organizations, and adopting PMEs in these cases is likely to reinforce organizational learning dysfunctions rather than improve current development practices. Based on these findings, we argue that the PME literature has underestimated the limits to learning in most IT organizations and we propose to explore paradoxical thinking to help researchers frame continued inquiry into PME and to help managers overcome learning dysfunctions as they push for more widespread use of PMEs. © 2008 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.",Delphi study | Organizational learning | Paradoxical thinking | PME | Post mortem paradox,European Journal of Information Systems,2008-01-01,Article,"Kasi, Vijay;Keil, Mark;Mathiassen, Lars;Pedersen, Keld",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-27544441807,,Systemic assessment of SCOR for modeling supply chains,"The recent introduction of Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) approach for modeling supply chains has been positively received by practitioners and consultants. SCOR is perceived to provide a simple though powerful standard for modeling supply chains. As SCOR is emerged from a practitioner's perspective, comparatively less little academic attention has been paid to SCOR to date. This paper aims to address one aspect of SCOR while at the same time providing a short overview of its concepts and use. Specifically, we examine SCOR from a methodological perspective, by adopting a systems development framework and using a socio-technical lens as a basis for assessment. To effect such an assessment, a fictitious timing instrument manufacturing company supply chain case (TimeWise) is used to create the context for developing and assessing SCOR approach. It was found that SCOR was strong on technical dimensions such as modeling process and techniques but weak on the social dimensions. The contribution of the paper includes an overview of SCOR and a systemic assessment of a method to develop a SCOR model in order to highlight the strengths and limitations of the approach and to guide future research in this domain.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2005-11-10,Conference Paper,"Kasi, Vijay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84867310382,10.2753/MIS0742-1222290102,The effect of an initial budget and schedule goal on software project escalation,"Software project escalation is a costly problem that leads to significant financial losses. Prior research suggests that setting a publicly announced limit on resources can make individuals less willing to escalate their commitment to a failing course of action. However, the relationship between initial budget and schedule goals and software project escalation remains unexplored. Drawing on goal setting theory as well as sunk cost and mental budgeting perspectives, we explore the effect of goal difficulty and goal specificity on software project escalation. The findings from a laboratory experiment with 349 information technology professionals suggest that both very difficult and very specific goals for budget and schedule can limit software project escalation. Further, the level of commitment to a budget and schedule goal directly affects software project escalation and also interacts with goal difficulty and goal specificity to affect software project escalation. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the existing body of knowledge on software project management by establishing a connection between goal setting theory and software project escalation. The study also contributes to practice by highlighting the potential negative consequences that can result from the nature of initial budget and schedule goals that are established at the outset of a project. © 2012 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.",escalation of commitment | goal setting theory | mental budgeting | project estimation | software project escalation | software project management | sunk cost,Journal of Management Information Systems,2012-07-01,Article,"Lee, Jong;Keil, Mark;Kasi, Vijay",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Design attributes and performance outcomes: A framework for comparing business processes,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Escalation of commitment in information technology projects: A goal setting theory perspective,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Internet Search Engines,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"The hazards of sole sourcing relationships: challenges, practices, and insights",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Context and Concept of Web Services,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,THE PERIL OF ONE: ARCHITECTING A SOURCING STRATEGY AT EDWARDS PAPER CO.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85021300211,,Buyers' Perceptions of the Risks of Internet Enabled Reverse Auctions.,"In addition to reducing the purchasing cost, Internet Enabled Reverse Auctions (RAs) are now being used by buyer firms to explore new suppliers. The decision to use RAs is increasingly being recognized for its strategic importance to buyer firms. However, such decisions of strategic importance are presumably accompanied by equally serious risks. The first step to managing such risks is identifying what they are. Unfortunately, there is no validated check list of buyer risks that can assist firms when using RAs. We have taken the first step towards addressing this issue by developing an authoritative list of the important risks associated with the use of RAs as a sourcing strategy. By employing a rigorous ranking type Delphi survey methodology, we developed a comprehensive list of the key risks ranked by their relative importance. Implications of our findings for both researchers and sourcing professionals are discussed.",Delphi Methodology | Internet Enabled Reverse Auctions,"17th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2011, AMCIS 2011",2011-01-01,Conference Paper,"Sambhara, Chaitanya;Keil, Mark;Rai, Arun;Kasi, Vijay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,CELL 189-Tactile properties of enzyme treated yarns and fabrics,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Threats to Silent Commerce: A Delphi Study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84869813927,,The Performance Paradox: An Examination of Goal Setting and Escalation Theories,"This research examines the phenomenon of escalation of commitment to a failing course of action in IT projects. The research in the domain of escalation has been to identify the antecedents to the escalation behavior that individuals are known to exhibit in escalation situations. The escalation theory advocates that when individual commit more resources (in terms of effort, time and money) in escalation situations deepens the already existing problems (more is not always better). On the other hand, we have goal setting theory which discusses a number of attributes and antecedents for individuals to increase their effort, direct their attention and persist their actions. Goal setting assumes that more effort is better and it would increase the task performance of an individual (more is better). In this research, web based role playing scenario with real IT project managers is expected to be used as the research methodology. This research is expected to contribute by integrating goal setting theory with escalation theory, which has never been done before. This research contributes to escalation by identifying antecedents and attributes of escalation of commitment based on goal setting and contributes to the goal setting theory by showing that under some contexts such as escalation situations, goal setting leads to undesired consequences.",,"Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale",2005-01-01,Conference Paper,"Kasi, Vijay",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866319461,,A study on the tactile properties of enzyme treated yarns and fabrics,"The work demonstrated significant improvement in tactile characteristics due to cellulase treatment for both ring and rotor yarn fabrics. Under identical treatment conditions, the ring yarn showed lower weight loss compared to the rotor yarn. The interlocked structure of the ring yarn appears to make it shed fewer fibers under agitated treatment conditions compared to the rotor yarn. Results indicated that yarns and fabrics corresponding to both spinning technologies become more flexible after enzyme treatment. There is a significant reduction in bending rigidity and bending hysteresis for ring and rotor yarns. The reduction in bending hysteresis also implies that the enzyme treatment may make the fabrics more resistant to wrinkling. Treated yarns and fabrics showed reduced linearity of compression (LC) and compressive resilience (RC %). The treated yarn and fabric representing rotor spinning showed greater compression energy (WC) as opposed to lower compression energy (WC) showed by the ring yarn and fabric. The treated fabrics showed much lower shear rigidity and hysteresis in both wale and course directions, suggesting that the fabric might have become supple after treatment.",,American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Annual International Conference and Exhibition 2005,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Radhakrishnaiah, P.;Kasi, Vijay;Cook, Fred L.;Buschle-Diller, Gisela",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,RISKS AND CONTROLS IN ELECTRONIC REVERSE AUCTIONS: COMPARING BUYER AND SUPPLIER PERSPECTIVES,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,ESCALATION OF COMMITMENT IN IT PROJECTS: A GOAL SETTING THEORY PERSPECTIVE,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Short-Term Physiological Strain and Recovery among Employees Working with Agile and Lean Methods in Software and Embedded ICT Systems: References,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Agile software development introduction: Introduction, current status & future",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036431046,,Agile software development methods. Review and analysis,"Agile - denoting ""the quality of being agile; readiness for motion; nimbleness, activity, dexterity in motion"" - software development methods are attempting to offer an answer to the eager business community asking for lighter weight along with faster and nimbler software development processes. This is especially the case with the rapidly growing and volatile Internet software industry as well as for the emerging mobile application environment. The new agile methods have evoked a substantial amount of literature and debates. However, academic research on the subject is still scarce, as most of existing publications are written by practitioners or consultants. The aim of this publication is to begin filling this gap by systematically reviewing the existing literature on agile software development methodologies. This publication has three purposes. First, it proposes a definition and a classification of agile software development approaches. Second, it analyses ten software development methods that can be characterized as being ""agile"" against the defined criteria. Third, it compares these methods and highlights their similarities and differences. Based on this analysis, future research needs are identified and discussed. Copyright © VTT 2002.",Agile methods | Agile modelling | Agile processes | Extreme programming | Open source software development | Software development | Software project management,VTT Publications,2002-12-01,Review,"Abrahamsson, Pekka;Salo, Outi;Ronkainen, Jussi;Warsta, Juhani",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Heart rate variability: A review,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Motivation, teamwork, and agile development",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Development and validation of an ambulatory HRV-measurement system.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The balance theory and the work system model … twenty years later,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-24944446881,10.1002/ajim.20204,Job strain and autonomic indices of cardiovascular disease risk,"Background: Despite the epidemiological evidence linking job strain to cardiovascular disease, more insight is needed into the etiologic mechanisms. This, in turn, would help to more precisely identify risk. Methods: We measured Job Strain using the Job Content Questionnaire, 8/day diary reports, and nationally standardized occupational code linkage, as well as autonomic regulation utilizing heart rate variability including spectral-derived components and QT interval variability in 36 healthy mid-aged males with varying strain jobs. The subjects wore Holter-monitors for 48 hr; this included a work and rest day. Results: Job strain (P = 0.02) and low decision latitude (P = 0.004) were associated with a reduction in cardiac vagal control (HFP) persisting throughout the 48 hr. Job strain was also associated with elevations in sympathetic control during working hours (P = 0.003). Conclusions: The disturbed cardiovascular regulatory pattern associated with job strain may help explain the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases linked with occupational exposure. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.",Cardiac disease risk | Heart rate variability | Job content questionnaire | Job strain | Occupational stress | Psychosocial factors,American Journal of Industrial Medicine,2005-09-01,Article,"Collins, Sean M.;Karasek, Robert A.;Costas, Kevin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Essentials of psychological testing,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84904068613,10.1037/a0035881,Making flow happen: The effects of being recovered on work-related flow between and within days,"This article examines variations of work-related flow both between and within days. On the basis of the effort-recovery model (Meijman & Mulder, 1998), we hypothesized that a person's relative day-specific state of being recovered (i.e., feeling refreshed) in the morning is positively related to subsequent day-level flow experiences during work. Taking into account research on circadian rhythms of human functioning, we further hypothesized that flow experiences follow a U-shaped pattern within the working day and that feeling recovered will affect this pattern. One hundred and twenty-one software professionals provided data on recovery at the start of the working day and on flow at 3 occasions during the day, for a period of 5 consecutive working days (resulting in 493 day-level and 1,340 occasion-level data points). Three-level multilevel models showed that relative day-level state of being recovered predicted day-level flow experiences in the hypothesized direction. The data did not support a general curvilinear, U-shaped main effect of flow experiences within the day. However, people in a relatively high state of being recovered in the morning experienced the predicted U-shaped pattern, whereas poorly recovered people experienced a gradual decrease in flow experiences over the course of the working day. This study emphasizes the importance of recovery during nonwork time for flow experiences within the entire working day, thereby extending research on task characteristics with personal resources when examining predictors of flow. © 2014 American Psychological Association.",Curvilinear effects | Experience sampling study | Flow experiences | Recovery,Journal of Applied Psychology,2014-01-01,Article,"Debus, Maike E.;Sonnentag, Sabine;Deutsch, Werner;Nussbeck, Fridtjof W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887531883,10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.042,Using near infrared spectroscopy and heart rate variability to detect mental overload,"Mental workload is a key factor influencing the occurrence of human error, especially during piloting and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) operations, where safety depends on the ability of pilots to act appropriately. In particular, excessively high or low mental workload can lead operators to neglect critical information. The objective of the present study is to investigate the potential of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) - a non-invasive method of measuring prefrontal cortex activity - in combination with measurements of heart rate variability (HRV), to predict mental workload during a simulated piloting task, with particular regard to task engagement and disengagement. Twelve volunteers performed a computer-based piloting task in which they were asked to follow a dynamic target with their aircraft, a task designed to replicate key cognitive demands associated with real life ROV operating tasks. In order to cover a wide range of mental workload levels, task difficulty was manipulated in terms of processing load and difficulty of control - two critical sources of workload associated with piloting and remotely operating a vehicle. Results show that both fNIRS and HRV are sensitive to different levels of mental workload; notably, lower prefrontal activation as well as a lower LF/HF ratio at the highest level of difficulty, suggest that these measures are suitable for mental overload detection. Moreover, these latter measurements point toward the existence of a quadratic model of mental workload. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.",HRV | Human factors | Mental overload | NIRS | Remotely operated vehicle,Behavioural Brain Research,2014-02-01,Article,"Durantin, G.;Gagnon, J. F.;Tremblay, S.;Dehais, F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-44649189162,10.1016/j.infsof.2008.01.006,Empirical studies of agile software development: A systematic review,"Agile software development represents a major departure from traditional, plan-based approaches to software engineering. A systematic review of empirical studies of agile software development up to and including 2005 was conducted. The search strategy identified 1996 studies, of which 36 were identified as empirical studies. The studies were grouped into four themes: introduction and adoption, human and social factors, perceptions on agile methods, and comparative studies. The review investigates what is currently known about the benefits and limitations of, and the strength of evidence for, agile methods. Implications for research and practice are presented. The main implication for research is a need for more and better empirical studies of agile software development within a common research agenda. For the industrial readership, the review provides a map of findings, according to topic, that can be compared for relevance to their own settings and situations. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Agile software development | Empirical software engineering | Evidence-based software engineering | Extreme programming | Research synthesis | Scrum | Systematic review | XP,Information and Software Technology,2008-08-01,Review,"Dybå, Tore;Dingsøyr, Torgeir",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880919385,,"The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, cronbach or spearman-brown?",,,International journal of public health,2013-08-01,Article,"Eisinga, Rob;Grotenhuis, Manfred te;Pelzer, Ben",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Firstbeat lifestyle assesmen: Stress and recovery,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0642372660,,Longitudinal study of work stress among information system professionals,"In order to examine the effect of a Stressor changing over time on information system professionals, a longitudinal study on work stress was conducted. Data on job events, urinary catecholamine, salivary cortisol, and subjective symptoms were collected for 10 male engineers who were observed every 2 weeks for 5 months and every week for the following 2 months. Results show that adrenaline reflects reactions to the acute job events whereas cortisol seems to capture the chronic state of work-stress reaction. This study allows us to specify the job events that affect stress, which can be useful for intervention.",,"Plastics, Rubber and Composites Processing and Applications",1997-12-01,Article,"Fujigaki, Yuko;Mori, Kazuko",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84897942673,10.7717/peerj.289,Happy software developers solve problems better: Psychological measurements in empirical software engineering,"For more than thirty years, it has been claimed that a way to improve software developers' productivity and software quality is to focus on people and to provide incentives to make developers satisfied and happy. This claim has rarely been verified in software engineering research, which faces an additional challenge in comparison to more traditional engineering fields: software development is an intellectual activity and is dominated by often-neglected human factors (called human aspects in software engineering research). Among the many skills required for software development, developers must possess high analytical problem-solving skills and creativity for the software construction process. According to psychology research, affective states-emotions and moods-deeply influence the cognitive processing abilities and performance of workers, including creativity and analytical problem solving. Nonetheless, little research has investigated the correlation between the affective states, creativity, and analytical problem-solving performance of programmers. This article echoes the call to employ psychological measurements in software engineering research.We report a study with 42 participants to investigate the relationship between the affective states, creativity, and analytical problem-solving skills of software developers. The results offer support for the claim that happy developers are indeed better problem solvers in terms of their analytical abilities. The following contributions are made by this study: (1) providing a better understanding of the impact of affective states on the creativity and analytical problem-solving capacities of developers, (2) introducing and validating psychological measurements, theories, and concepts of affective states, creativity, and analytical-problem-solving skills in empirical software engineering, and (3) raising the need for studying the human factors of software engineering by employing amultidisciplinary viewpoint. © 2014 Graziotin et al.",Affect | Affective state | Analytical problem-solving | Creativity | Emotion | Feeling | Human aspects | Human factors | Mood | Software development,PeerJ,2014-01-01,Article,"Graziotin, Daniel;Wang, Xiaofeng;Abrahamsson, Pekka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84903173554,10.1109/MS.2014.94,"Software developers, moods, emotions, and performance",Studies show that software developers' happiness pays off when it comes to productivity. © 1984-2012 IEEE.,development | human factors | performance | software engineering,IEEE Software,2014-01-01,Article,"Graziotin, Daniel;Wang, Xiaofeng;Abrahamsson, Pekka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0742305284,10.1097/01.PSY.0000106884.58744.09,Acute stress affects heart rate variability during sleep,"Objective: Although stress can elicit profound and lasting effects on sleep, the pathways whereby stress affects sleep are not well understood. In this study, we used autoregressive spectral analysis of the electrocardiogram (EKG) interbeat interval sequence to characterize stress-related changes in heart rate variability during sleep in 59 healthy men and women. Methods: Participants (N = 59) were randomly assigned to a control or stress condition, in which a standard speech task paradigm was used to elicit acute stress in the immediate presleep period. EKG was collected throughout the night. The high frequency component (0.15-0.4 Hz Eq) was used to index parasympathetic modulation, and the ratio of low to high frequency power (0.04-0.15 Hz Eq/0.15-0.4 Hz Eq) of heart rate variability was used to index sympathovagal balance. Results: Acute psychophysiological stress was associated with decreased levels of parasympathetic modulation during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep and increased levels of sympathovagal balance during NREM sleep. Parasympathetic modulation increased across successive NREM cycles in the control group; these increases were blunted in the stress group and remained essentially unchanged across successive NREM periods. Higher levels of sympathovagal balance during NREM sleep were associated with poorer sleep maintenance and lower delta activity. Conclusions: Changes in heart rate variability associated with acute stress may represent one pathway to disturbed sleep. Stress-related changes in heart rate variability during sleep may also be important in association with chronic stressors, which are associated with significant morbidity and increased risk for mortality.",Heart rate variability | Parasympathetic nervous system | Sleep | Spectral analysis | Stress | Sympathetic nervous system,Psychosomatic Medicine,2004-01-01,Article,"Hall, Martica;Vasko, Raymond;Buysse, Daniel;Ombao, Hernando;Chen, Qingxia;Cashmere, J. David;Kupfer, David;Thayer, Julian F.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876217202,10.1177/0950017012460315,Controlling the uncontrollable: ‘Agile’ teams and illusions of autonomy in creative work,"The creative industries have recently been hailed as presenting a liberating model for the future of work and a valuable terrain on which to examine purported new regimes of workplace control. This article, based on the empirical examination of a Canadian video game development studio, traces the modes of control which operate on and through project teams in creative settings. The impact of the adoption of an 'emancipatory', post-bureaucratic project management technology, 'Agile', is critically examined through interviews and non-participative observation of management, technical and artistic labour within one project team. The potential for autonomy in such 'Agile' teams is critically assessed within the managerial regime of creative production and the broader power relations implied by the financial, organizational and institutional context. © The Author(s) 2013.",autonomy | creative industries | creativity | project management | teamwork,"Work, Employment and Society",2013-01-01,Article,"Hodgson, Damian;Briand, Louise",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Agile methods for embedded systems development: A literature review and a mapping study,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Job demand, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Finding groups in data: An introduction to cluster analysis.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Kanban and Scrum – Making the most of both,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0642311206,,"New information technologies, job profiles, and external workload as predictors of subjectively experienced stress and dissatisfaction at work",,,"Plastics, Rubber and Composites Processing and Applications",1997-12-01,Article,"Korunka, Christian;Zauchner, Sabine;Weiss, Andreas",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875483522,10.1109/HICSS.2013.74,"Agile and wellbeing – Stress, empowerment, and performance in Scrum and Kanban teams.","Little research data exist about agile teams and wellbeing. After changing our software engineering mode to agile, we wanted to find out if people experienced more or less stress than before. This study is based on a company-wide survey of 466 software engineering practitioners. We asked about their subjective feelings about stress, empowerment, and performance in their respective engineering teams after they had started to use agile methods. The results reveal that the feelings of higher performance improvement and sustainable pace are related, and that this difference is statistically significant. Respondents who feel that their team is empowered also feel less stress. However, no significant difference in feelings of stress and empowerment was found between respondents working in Kanban and Scrum mode after transition to agile. The group that was improving its performance because of agile was also reporting a better workload balance. The group that was experiencing worse performance because of agile methods was also more stressed. The differences may be explained by the management styles being practiced in the teams. The results are important as those verify in industrial setting what some agile books suggest: limiting workload and team empowerment has an impact on performance and stress. This contributes to our understanding how agile teams should be managed. © 2012 IEEE.",,Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2013-04-03,Conference Paper,"Laanti, Maarit",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84893231167,10.1109/ESEM.2013.53,The impact of agile principles and practices on large-scale software development projects: A multiple-case study of two projects at Ericsson,"BACKGROUND: Agile software development methods have a number of reported benefits on productivity, project visibility, software quality and other areas. There are also negative effects reported. However, the base of empirical evidence to the claimed effects needs more empirical studies. AIM: The purpose of the research was to contribute with empirical evidence on the impact of using agile principles and practices in large-scale, industrial software development. Research was focused on impacts within seven areas: Internal software documentation, Knowledge sharing, Project visibility, Pressure and stress, Coordination effectiveness, and Productivity. METHOD: Research was carried out as a multiple-case study on two contemporary, large-scale software development projects with different levels of agile adoption at Ericsson. Empirical data was collected through a survey of project members. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Intentional implementation of agile principles and practices were found to: correlate with a more balanced use of internal software documentation, contribute to knowledge sharing, correlate with increased project visibility and coordination effectiveness, reduce the need for other types of coordination mechanisms, and possibly increase productivity. No correlation with increase in pressure and stress were found. © 2013 IEEE.",Agile software development | empirical software engineering | large-scale software development | multiple-case study | survey,International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement,2013-12-01,Conference Paper,"Lagerberg, Lina;Skude, Tor;Emanuelsson, Par;Sandahl, Kristian;Stahl, Daniel",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,People factors in agile software development and project management.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84940472836,10.1080/10447318.2015.1065693,Whose experience do we care about? Analysis of the fitness of Scrum and Kanban to user experience,"Two project management approaches, Agile and Lean, have increasingly been adopted in recent years for software development. Meanwhile, in the field of human–computer interaction (HCI), user experience (UX) has become central in research and practice. The new hybrids between the two fields—Agile UX and Lean UX—were born a few years ago. As Agile, Lean, and UX have different principles and practices, one can query whether the couplings are well justified and whether Agile or Lean is more compatible with UX work. We have conducted a conceptual analysis and tended to conclude that Lean instantiated as Kanban fits UX work better than Agile instantiated as Scrum. To explore further our claim, we performed a secondary data analysis of 10 semistructured interviews with practitioners working with Scrum and Kanban in different sectors (Study 1). This study enabled us to gain insights into the applications of the two processes in real-life cases, their strengths and weaknesses, and factors influencing the practicality of implementing them. Both processes seem not favorable for UX work in practice. Among others, one intriguing observation is loose adherence to the related guidelines and principles. A query derived from the analyses of the interviews is that “customer,” as compared with “user,” has more frequently been referred to by our interviewees, irrespective of the process they adopted. We have then been motivated to investigate this issue, using a web-based survey with another batch of practitioners (N = 73) in the software industry (Study 2). Results of the survey indicate that the practitioners in general had a reasonable understanding of the concepts “user” and “customer,” although a minority tended to treat them as synonyms. Limitations of the current studies and implications for future work are discussed.",,International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2015-09-02,Article,"Law, Effie Lai Chong;Lárusdóttir, Marta Kristín",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Principles behind the Agile Manifesto,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33847723986,10.1109/ADC.2005.1,A case study on the impact of Scrum on overtime and customer satisfaction.,"This paper provides results, and experiences from a longitudinal, 2 year industrial case study. The quantitative results indicate that after the introduction of a Scrum process into an existing software development organization the amount of overtime decreased, allowing the developers to work at a more sustainable pace while at the same time the qualitative results indicate that there was an increase in customer satisfaction. © 2005 IEEE.",,Proceedings - AGILE Confernce 2005,2005-12-01,Conference Paper,"Mann, Chris;Maurer, Frank",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84944259153,10.1007/978-3-540-24853-8_19,Empirical analysis on the satisfaction of IT employees comparing XP practices with other software development methodologies.,"Job satisfaction has been studied by economists and psychologists. We believe this factor is very important in that it influences the effectiveness of the software development process. This paper reports the first results of a comparative analytic study on the job satisfaction of developers that use XP practices and others that do not use XP practices. By determining the factors that are highly valued by developers, the research can provide insight in currently practised software development processes, and help make changes that increase their strategic value.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2004-01-01,Conference Paper,"Mannaro, Katiuscia;Melis, Marco;Marchesi, Michele",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33746198326,10.1007/11774129_4,Comparative analysis of job satisfaction in agile and non-agile software development teams.,"Software engineering is fundamentally driven by economics. One of the issues that software teams face is employee turnover which has a serious economic impact. The effect of job dissatisfaction on high turnover is consistently supported by evidence from multiple disciplines. The study investigates if and how job satisfaction relates to development processes that are being used and the determinants of job satisfaction across a wide range of teams, regions and employees. A moderate positive correlation between the level of experience with agile methods and the overall job satisfaction was found. The evidence suggests that there are twice as many members of agile teams who are satisfied with their jobs (vs members of non-agile teams). The ability to influence decisions that affect you, the opportunity to work on interesting projects, and the relationships with users were found to be statisticcally significant satisfiers. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.",,Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2006-01-01,Conference Paper,"Melnik, Grigori;Maurer, Frank",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Literature review. Workload measures,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84906773401,10.1109/RCIS.2014.6861052,A survey on project factors that motivate Finnish software engineers,"Previous studies suggest that motivation is a critical factor in developer productivity and project outcome, i.e., software project failures are significantly associated with low motivation of software teams. Surveys with software engineers also indicate that culture can affect software development team motivation through differences in developers' motivational factors. In this study, we conduct a survey with 15 Finnish software engineers and 21 non-Finnish software engineers who live in Finland to investigate 1) the relationship between team motivation and project outcome, and 2) the factors that motivate Finnish software engineers. We compare the motivational factors found from the Finnish data with those identified in prior research with developers from four different countries. An analysis of the data from our 36 subjects indicates that project outcome is not associated with team motivation in Finland though this result contradicts prior research. There is a single motivational factor, ""team work"" that appears to be culturally independent. Unique team motivational factors for Finnish software engineers are found to be ""the authority of project manager"" and ""the vision of project manager"". Our results indicate that cultural differences affect team motivation and that project managers need to consider these when working in a global environment. © 2014 IEEE.",culture | motivational factors | software development team motivation | software project outcome,Proceedings - International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science,2014-01-01,Conference Paper,"Misirli, Ayse Tosun;Verner, June;Markkula, Jouni;Oivo, Markku",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028472601,10.1080/00140139408964897,"Physical, mental, emotional, and subjective workload components in train drivers","This study, using 12 train drivers on a high speed track and 11 drivers on a mountain track, tried to differentiate between the physical, emotional, mental, and subjective workload components imposed on the drivers during work. With the simultaneous recording and on-line analysis of heart rate and physical activity, the emotional component in terms of the so-called additional heart rate was separated from the physical component. Mental workload was calculated by the heart rate variability and by shifts in the T-wave amplitude of the ECG. Speed of the train, mode of driving, and stress of the situation were rated by two observers who accompanied the drivers in the cabin. During speeds up to l00km/h as compared to standstills no heart rate changes occurred, but with speeds from l00km/h up to 200 km/h heart rate decreased indicating a monotony effect. However, heart rate variability, and T-wave amplitude indicated higher mental load during driving in most speed categories. Starting the train and coming to a halt showed greater emotional workload as compared to moving. Observer ratings of stress and subjective ratings of stress by the drivers revealed several discrepancies. Discrepancies were also seen between workload as indicated by the physiological parameters, and corresponding stress ratings by the observers or by the drivers. © 1994 Taylor and Francis Ltd.",Heart rate | Holter monitoring | Stress | Train driver | Workload,Ergonomics,1994-01-01,Article,"Myrtek, M.;Deutschmann-Janicke, E.;Strohmaier, H.;Zimmermann, W.;Lawerenz, S.;Brügner, G.;Müller, W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Nokia test.,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Psychometric theory,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Mental workload and driving,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84930800244,10.1007/978-3-642-28015-3_6,Management of the informal by cooperative transfer of experience,"The approach cooperative transfer of experience stands for special access in the scope of knowledge and innovation management: The focus lies on structures that permit a new definition of targets, new combination of formal and informal possibilities for exchange and special support of the informal and experience-based exchange of implicit knowledge. Findings from recent research on innovation activities in plant and machine building are considered in the process: Innovations are based on a heterogeneous knowledge base, which must be elaborated and expanded beyond corporate limits through cooperative work. The approach accounts for this knowledge base distributed across companies as a central resource by going beyond knowledge processes realized in corporate and R&D departments. The cooperative transfer of experience is considered in this chapter in relation to agile development processes in software development and their suitability for the claims formulated above. It will then be discussed whether a new service ethic for accompanying such management of the informal is necessary.",,"Innovation Management by Promoting the Informal: Artistic, Experience-based, Playful",2014-03-01,Book Chapter,"Porschen, Stephanie",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Lean manufacturing - an integrated socio-technical systems approach to work design (Doctoral dissertation),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-66749167616,10.1007/978-3-642-01853-4_11,Perceptive agile measurement: New instruments for quantitative studies in the pursuit of the social-psychological effect of agile practices,"Rising interest on social-psychological effects of agile practices necessitate the development of appropriate measurement instruments for future quantitative studies. This study has constructed such instruments for eight agile practices, namely iteration planning, iterative development, continuous integration and testing, stand-up meetings, customer access, customer acceptance tests, retrospectives and co-location. The methodological approach followed the scale construction process elaborated in psychological research. We applied both qualitative methods for item generation, and quantitative methods for the analysis of reliability and factor structure (principal factor analysis) to evaluate critical psychometric dimensions. Results in both qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated high psychometric quality of all newly constructed scales. The resulting measurement instruments are available in questionnaire form and ready to be used in future scientific research for quantitative analyses of social-psychological effects of agile practices. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.",Agile practices | co-location | continuous integration | customer acceptance tests | customer access | iteration planning | iterative approach | measurement instruments | retrospectives | stand-up meetings | test-driven development,Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing,2009-01-01,Conference Paper,"So, Chaehan;Scholl, Wolfgang",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Preliminary analysis of the effects of pair programming on job satisfaction,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The new product development game,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84899513796,10.1186/1745-6673-9-16,"Associations of physical activity, fitness, and body composition with heart rate variability-based indicators of stress and recovery on workdays: A cross-sectional study","Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate how physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and body composition are associated with heart rate variability (HRV)-based indicators of stress and recovery on workdays. Additionally, we evaluated the association of objectively measured stress with self-reported burnout symptoms. Methods. Participants of this cross-sectional study were 81 healthy males (age range 26-40 y). Stress and recovery on workdays were measured objectively based on HRV recordings. CRF and anthropometry were assessed in laboratory conditions. The level of PA was based on a detailed PA interview (MET index [MET-h/d]) and self-reported activity class. Results: PA, CRF, and body composition were significantly associated with levels of stress and recovery on workdays. MET index (P < 0.001), activity class (P = 0.001), and CRF (P = 0.019) were negatively associated with stress during working hours whereas body fat percentage (P = 0.005) was positively associated. Overall, 27.5% of the variance of total stress on workdays (P = 0.001) was accounted for by PA, CRF, and body composition. Body fat percentage and body mass index were negatively associated with night-time recovery whereas CRF was positively associated. Objective work stress was associated (P = 0.003) with subjective burnout symptoms. Conclusions: PA, CRF, and body composition are associated with HRV-based stress and recovery levels, which needs to be taken into account in the measurement, prevention, and treatment of work-related stress. The HRV-based method used to determine work-related stress and recovery was associated with self-reported burnout symptoms, but more research on the clinical importance of the methodology is needed. © 2014Teisala et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",BMI | Body composition | Body fat percentage | Cardiorespiratory fitness | HRV | Physical activity | Recovery | Work stress | Working hours,Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology,2014-04-18,Article,"Teisala, Tiina;Mutikainen, Sara;Tolvanen, Asko;Rottensteiner, Mirva;Leskinen, Tuija;Kaprio, Jaakko;Kolehmainen, Marjukka;Rusko, Heikki;Kujala, Urho M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-75149146785,10.2486/indhealth.47.589,Heart rate variability in occupational health – A systematic review,"This systematic review evaluates and summarizes the evidence of association between work-related factors and heart rate variability (HRV) in workers. We reviewed English articles indexed in MEDLINE under the key words: work, worker, occupational, industrial, and heart rate variability. Studies were included if one or more of the dependent variables was one of the time- or frequency-domain indexes of HRV [standard deviation of all normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN), mean of the 5-min standard deviations of NN intervals calculated over several hours (SDNN index), the root mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), integrated spectral powers of high (HF, > 0.15 Hz) and low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) HRV, and the LF/HF ratio] as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. Physical and chemical work environments (i.e. exposure to occupational toxicants and hazardous environments), psychosocial workload (i.e. job stressors), and working time (i.e. shift work) had been examined and identified as having associations with low HF power. These findings may indicate that research into parasympathetic nervous system activity should be focused to protect cardiovascular health at work. We also propose the use of very low and ultralow frequency HRV components in autonomic research for workers' health.",Autonomic nervous system | Cardiovascular disease | Fatigue | HRV | Physical and chemical work environment | Psychosocial workload | Shift work,Industrial Health,2009-11-01,Review,"Togo, Fumiharu;Takahashi, Masaya",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79960281865,10.1016/j.apergo.2011.01.005,Heart rate variability related to effort at work,"Changes in autonomic nervous system function have been related to work stress induced increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Our purpose was to examine whether various heart rate variability (HRV) measures and new HRV-based relaxation measures are related to self-reported chronic work stress and daily emotions. The relaxation measures are based on neural network modelling of individual baseline heart rate and HRV information. Nineteen healthy hospital workers were studied during two work days during the same work period. Daytime, work time and night time heart rate, as well as physical activity were recorded. An effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire was used to assess chronic work stress. The emotions of stress, irritation and satisfaction were assessed six times during both days. Seventeen subjects had an ERI ratio over 1, indicating imbalance between effort and reward, that is, chronic work stress. Of the daily emotions, satisfaction was the predominant emotion. The daytime relaxation percentage was higher on Day 2 than on Day 1 (4 ± 6% vs. 2 ± 3%, p < 0.05) and the night time relaxation (43 ± 30%) was significantly higher than daytime or work time relaxation on the both Days. Chronic work stress correlated with the vagal activity index of HRV. However, effort at work had many HRV correlates: the higher the work effort the lower daytime HRV and relaxation time. Emotions at work were also correlated with work time (stress and satisfaction) and night time (irritation) HRV. These results indicate that daily emotions at work and chronic work stress, especially effort, is associated with cardiac autonomic function. Neural network modelling of individual heart rate and HRV information may provide additional information in stress research in field conditions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society.",Ambulatory measurement | Autonomic nervous system | Effort-Reward imbalance | Hospital worker | Recovery | Stress,Applied Ergonomics,2011-01-01,Article,"Uusitalo, Arja;Mets, Terhi;Martinmäki, Kaisu;Mauno, Saija;Kinnunen, Ulla;Rusko, Heikki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034034342,10.1007/s004200050425,Occupational determinants of heart rate variability,"Objectives: Analysis of HRV has been suggested as a way to study the effects of work-related stresses on cardiovascular autonomic regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of HRV in the investigation of work-related stressors. Methods: Cross-sectional data from an ongoing cohort study were used to analyse the relationship of the potential workplace stressors of job-strain, noise and shift work, with HRV. Mean HRV values during sleep and work were calculated in 135 24-h EKG recordings. Results: Shift workers displayed significantly decreased SDNNi levels during sleep, compared with those of the daytime workers (adjusted least square mean values: 69.3 and 85.8 ms, respectively, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group reporting low job demands and high work control (mean: 73.2), we found significantly elevated %LF means during work adjusted for sleep in the low demands, low control group (77.9, P < 0.01), high demands, high control group (77.7, P < 0.05) and high demands, low control group (77.7, P < 0.05). Workers reporting a high noise level compared with a low work noise level also displayed an elevated adjusted mean %LF during work (78.0 and 75.3 respectively, P < 0.06). Conclusions: The finding of a decreased SDNNi level during sleep in shift workers compared with day workers indicated a less favourable cardiovascular autonomic regulation, which may explain in part the excess cardiovascular disease risk in shift workers. The elevated %LF during work in employees exposed to high job strain or high noise levels indicated a direct shift in the autonomic cardiac balance towards sympathetic dominance. We concluded that the analysis of HRV may provide a useful tool in the study of the physiological effects of work-related stresses.",Heart rate variability | Job strain | Shift work | Workplace noise,International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2000-01-01,Article,"Van Amelsvoort, L. G.P.M.;Schouten, E. G.;Maan, A. C.;Swenne, C. A.;Kok, F. J.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34248191803,10.1007/s00420-007-0172-5,"Workdays, in-between workdays and the weekend: A diary study on effort and recovery","Objectives: Effort-recovery theory (Meijman and Mulder in Handbook of work and organizational psychology, Psychology Press/Erlbaum, Hove, pp 5-33, 1998 proposes that effort expenditure may have adverse consequences for health in the absence of sufficient recovery opportunities. Thus, insight in the relationships between effort and recovery is imperative to understand work-related health. This study therefore focused on the relation between work-related effort and recovery (1) during workdays, (2) in-between workdays and (3) in the weekend. For these three time periods, we compared a group of employees reporting relatively low levels of work-related effort (""low-effort group"") and a group of employees reporting relatively high levels of work-related effort (""high-effort group"") with respect to (1) activity patterns, (2) the experience of these activity patterns, and (3) health and well-being indicators. Methods: Data were collected among university staff members. Participants (Nhigh-effort group = 24 and Nlow-effort group = 27) completed a general questionnaire and took part in a 7-day daily diary study covering five weekdays and the following weekend. Differences between the two effort-groups were examined by means of analysis of variance. Results: Compared to the low-effort group, the high-effort group (1) engaged less often in active leisure activities during the week and worked more overtime in the weekend, (2) considered both work and home activities as more effortful, but not as less pleasurable, and (3) reported higher levels of sleep complaints (weekdays only) and fatigue, more preoccupation with work (weekdays only) and lower motivation to start the next workweek during the weekend. Conclusions: Work-related effort is associated with various aspects of work time and (potential) recovery time in-between workdays and in the weekend. High levels of work-related effort are associated with activity patterns that are less beneficial in terms of recovery, with higher effort expenditure during and after work time, and with diminished health and well-being. © Springer-Verlag 2007.",Diary study | Effort | Recovery | University staff,International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2007-07-01,Article,"Hooff, Madelon L.M.;Geurts, Sabine A.E.;Kompier, Michiel A.J.;Taris, Toon W.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77954607528,10.1145/1796900.1796918,Stakeholder Dissonance: Disagreements on project outcome and its impact on team motivation across three countries,"When a project perceived to be a failure by one set of stakeholders is perceived as a success by another set of stakeholders we have outcome disagreement. Our objective is to discover if team motivation is affected when developers and managers disagree on a project's outcome. We also investigate if culture influences team motivation. We collected questionnaire data on 290 completed projects from software engineering practitioners based in Australia, Chile, and USA. We asked if the respondent considered their project was successful and if higher level management considered the project a success. We found that more projects were perceived successful by management than by developers. Also, successful projects are associated with higher levels of team motivation than failed projects or projects with outcome disagreement. Culture makes a difference to levels of team motivation for both failed projects, and projects with outcome disagreement. An over-riding influence on team motivation is agreement with other stakeholders. To motivate practitioners, stakeholders need to agree on what constitutes a successful or a failed project before the start of the project. © 2010 ACM.",project failure | project outcome disagreement | project success | team motivation,SIGMIS CPR'10 - Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGMIS Computer Personnel Research Conference,2010-07-20,Conference Paper,"Verner, June;Beecham, Sarah;Cerpa, Narciso",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84928782781,,A primer on multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for behavioral scientists,"Reviews of statistical procedures (e.g., Bangert & Baumberger, 2005; Kieffer, Reese, & Thompson, 2001; Warne, Lazo, Ramos, & Ritter, 2012) show that one of the most common multivariate statistical methods in psychological research is multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). However, MANOVA and its associated procedures are often not properly understood, as demonstrated by the fact that few of the MANOVAs published in the scientific literature were accompanied by the correct post hoc procedure, descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA). The purpose of this article is to explain the theory behind and meaning of MANOVA and DDA. I also provide an example of a simple MANOVA with real mental health data from 4,384 adolescents to show how to interpret MANOVA results.",,"Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation",2014-01-01,Article,"Warne, Russell T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,A Survey of agile development methodologies,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-33747142079,10.1016/j.apergo.2006.02.002,Team-based work and work system balance in the context of agile manufacturing,"Manufacturing agility is the ability to prosper in an environment characterized by constant and unpredictable change. The purpose of this paper is to analyze team attributes necessary to facilitate agile manufacturing, and using Balance Theory as a framework, it evaluates the potential positive and negative impacts related to these team attributes that could alter the balance of work system elements and resulting ""stress load"" experienced by persons working on agile teams. Teams operating within the context of agile manufacturing are characterized as multifunctional, dynamic, cooperative, and virtual. A review of the literature relevant to each of these attributes is provided, as well as suggestions for future research. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Agile manufacturing | Balance theory | Teams,Applied Ergonomics,2007-01-01,Article,"Yauch, Charlene A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84921435717,10.1080/00140139.2014.956151,State of science: Mental workload in ergonomics,"Mental workload (MWL) is one of the most widely used concepts in ergonomics and human factors and represents a topic of increasing importance. Since modern technology in many working environments imposes ever more cognitive demands upon operators while physical demands diminish, understanding how MWL impinges on performance is increasingly critical. Yet, MWL is also one of the most nebulous concepts, with numerous definitions and dimensions associated with it. Moreover, MWL research has had a tendency to focus on complex, often safety-critical systems (e.g. transport, process control). Here we provide a general overview of the current state of affairs regarding the understanding, measurement and application of MWL in the design of complex systems over the last three decades. We conclude by discussing contemporary challenges for applied research, such as the interaction between cognitive workload and physical workload, and the quantification of workload ‘redlines’ which specify when operators are approaching or exceeding their performance tolerances.",applications | attention | measurement | mental workload | resources,Ergonomics,2015-01-01,Review,"Young, Mark S.;Brookhuis, Karel A.;Wickens, Christopher D.;Hancock, Peter A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79751531984,10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.05.002,"Cardiovascular reactivity in real life settings: Measurement, mechanisms and meaning","Cardiovascular reactivity to stress is most commonly studied in the laboratory. Laboratory stressors may have limited ecological validity due to the many constraints, operating in controlled environments. This paper will focus on paradigms that involve the measurement of cardiovascular reactions to stress in real life using ambulatory monitors. Probably the most commonly used paradigm in this field is to measure the response to a specific real life stressor, such as sitting an exam or public speaking. A more general approach has been to derive a measure of CV variability testing the hypothesis that more reactive participants will have more variable heart rate or blood pressure. Alternatively, self-reports of the participants' perceived stress, emotion or demands may be linked to simultaneously collected ambulatory measures of cardiovascular parameters. This paper examines the following four questions: (1) What is the form and what are the determinants of stress-induced CV reactivity in real life? (2) What are the psychophysiological processes underlying heart rate and blood pressure reactivity in real life? (3) Does CV reactivity determined in the laboratory predict CV reactivity in real life? (4) Are ambulatory cardiovascular measures predictive of cardiovascular disease?It is concluded that the hemodynamic processes that underlie the blood pressure response can reliably be measured in real life and the psychophysiological relationships seen in the laboratory have been obtained in real life as well. Studies examining the effects of specific real life stressors show that responses obtained in real life are often larger than those obtained in the laboratory. Subjective ratings of stress, emotion and cognitive determinants of real life stress (e.g. demand, reward and control) also relate to real life CV responses. Surprisingly, ambulatory studies on real life cardiovascular reactivity to stress as a predictor of cardiovascular disease are rare. Measuring the CV response to stress in real life may provide a better measure of the stress-related process that are hypothesized to cause disease than is possible in the laboratory. In addressing these questions, below we review the studies that we believe are representative of the field. Therefore, this review is not comprehensive. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.",Ambulatory | Blood pressure | Cardiovascular reactivity | Heart rate | Real life stressors,Biological Psychology,2011-02-01,Article,"Zanstra, Ydwine Jieldouw;Johnston, Derek William",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Papers citing: ""Short-Term Physiological Strain and Recovery among Employees Working with Agile and Lean Methods in Software and Embedded ICT Systems""",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Connections between agile ways of working, team coherence and well-being at work",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Seppo Tuomivaara (scopus) (searches from google scholar included, paper in finnish excluded, no profile in google scholar)",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85014610838,10.1080/10447318.2017.1294336,Short-Term Physiological Strain and Recovery among Employees Working with Agile and Lean Methods in Software and Embedded ICT Systems,"Agile work practices have become popular. Although they hold great promise regarding well-being at work, systematic scientific research on this connection is scarce. This article aims to capture the current situation by measuring the state of mental workload using physiological indicators and by comparing high and low perceived agile work. Is the agile way of working associated with well-being at work? Three software teams and four embedded development teams were used in the different phases of applying agile methods. We conducted a baseline survey on perceived agile work in the team and carried out physiological measurements three times in a working period. Repeated-measure procedure was used to analyze the effects. The results provide evidence that agile work could even out workload during a working period, i.e. maintain sustainable pace. The results of the low agile work were in line with the assumption that work will accumulate at the end of the period because of loose planning and a lack of frequent checking. Therefore, workers also felt more strain from the pressure of deadlines.",,International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2017-11-02,Article,"Tuomivaara, Seppo;Lindholm, Harri;Känsälä, Marja",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84929746423,10.1108/PR-07-2013-0116,Slowing work down by teleworking periodically in rural settings?,"Purpose - The rise of knowledge work has entailed controversial characteristics for well-being at work. Increased intensification, discontinuities and interruptions at work have been reported. However, knowledge workers have the opportunity to flexibly adjust their work arrangements to support their concentration, inspiration or recuperation. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the experienced well-being of 46 knowledge workers was subject to changes during and after a retreat type telework period in rural archipelago environment. Design/methodology/approach - The authors conducted a longitudinal survey among the participants at three points in time: one to three weeks before, during, and two to eight weeks after the period. The authors analyzed the experienced changes in psychosocial work environment and well-being at work by the measurement period by means of repeated measures variance analysis. In the next step the authors included the group variable of occupational position to the model. Findings - The analysis showed a decrease in the following measures: experienced time pressure, interruptions, negative feelings at work, exhaustiveness of work as well as stress and an increase in work satisfaction. There were no changes in experienced job influence, clarity of work goals and work engagement. Occupational position had some effect to the changes. Private entrepreneurs and supervisors experienced more remarkable effects of improvement in work-related well-being than subordinates. However, the effects were less sustainable for the supervisors than the other two groups. Originality/value - This paper provides insights into how work and well-being are affected by the immediate work environment and how well-being at work can be supported by retreat type telework arrangements.",Knowledge work | Quantitative | Telework Paper type Research paper | Well-being | Work environment,Personnel Review,2015-06-01,Article,"Vesala, Hanne;Tuomivaara, Seppo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-38649087043,10.1080/00140130701561850,Perceived competence in computer use as a moderator of musculoskeletal strain in VDU work: An ergonomics intervention case,"Musculoskeletal strain and other symptoms are common in visual display unit (VDU) work. Psychosocial factors are closely related to the outcome and experience of musculoskeletal strain. The user - computer relationship from the viewpoint of the quality of perceived competence in computer use was assessed as a psychosocial stress indicator. It was assumed that the perceived competence in computer use moderates the experience of musculoskeletal strain and the success of the ergonomics intervention. The participants (n = 124, female 58%, male 42%) worked with VDU for more than 4 h per week. They took part in an ergonomics intervention and were allocated into three groups: intensive; education; and reference group. Musculoskeletal strain, the level of ergonomics of the workstation assessed by the experts in ergonomics and amount of VDU work were estimated at the baseline and at the 10-month follow-up. Age, gender and the perceived competence in computer use were assessed at the baseline. The perceived competence in computer use predicted strain in the upper and the lower part of the body at the follow-up. The interaction effect shows that the intensive ergonomics intervention procedure was the most effective among participants with high perceived competence. The interpretation of the results was that an anxiety-provoking and stressful user - computer relationship prevented the participants from being motivated and from learning in the ergonomics intervention. In the intervention it is important to increase the computer competence along with the improvements of physical workstation and work organization.",Ergonomics intervention | Moderation effect | Musculoskeletal symptoms | Perceived competence | Psychosocial factors | VDU work,Ergonomics,2008-02-01,Article,"Tuomivaara, S.;Ketola, R.;Huuhtanen, P.;Toivonen, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Do Agile Principles and Practices Support the Well-being at Work of Agile Team Members?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Connections between agile ways of working, team coherence and well-being at work",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85055211648,10.1201/EBK1439835074,The Intermittent Duty of,"Information and communication technology (ICT) is seen as a prominent bridge for the gap between the needs of social and health care services and their diminishing resources. Middle management and immediate superiors are involved in the responsibility for improving the use, development and implementation of ICT systems. The aim of this study is to identify how the middle management and immediate superiors in social and health care use ICT in their supervisory duties, and what their experiences are of the use and development of ICT based services. The preliminary results draw a draft picture of ICT use and core task fit. They also demonstrate the situation of developmental orientation of leadership in everyday work and the possibilities for service innovations in ICT-mediated tasks.",Immediate superior | Information and communication technology | Leadership | Social and health care | Well-being,"Advances in Occupational, Social, and Organizational Ergonomics",2010-01-01,Book Chapter,"Tuomivaara, Seppo;Eskola, Kaisa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,The emerging object of municipal home care–collaborative innovation as a potential for expansion,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Harri Lindholm (scopus) (no profile in google scholar),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85015438815,10.1097/JOM.0000000000000912,Physiological Load and Psychological Stress during a 24-hour Work Shift among Finnish Firefighters,"Objective: The aim of this study was to describe physiological load and psychological stress of Finnish firefighters during a 24-hour work shift. Methods: R-R intervals were recorded during 24-hour work shifts. Short-time Fourier transform was used to analyze heart rate variability during shifts. Results: HR mean, HR peak, and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of the differences between adjacent R-to-R peak intervals of the 24-hour shift was 73±7bpm (38±4% of HR max), 156±16 bpm (82±8% of HR max), and 42±14ms. Mean VO 2 was 11±2 (% of VO 2max) and VO 2peak 72±11 (% of VO 2max). Conclusions: Physiological load and psychological stress were temporarily high, even in young, fit firefighters. As the relative work load may increase and recovery processes slow down among aging employees, fatigue may occur unless work arrangements are well-designed.",,Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2017-01-01,Article,"Kaikkonen, Piia;Lindholm, Harri;Lusa, Sirpa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85019406932,10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00720,Recovery of rescuers from a 24-H shift and its association with aerobic fitness,"Objectives: Rescuers work in 24-h shifts and the demanding nature of the occupation requires adequate recovery between work shifts. The purpose of this study has been to find out what kind of changes in autonomic control may be seen during work shift and its recovery period in the case of rescuers. An additional interest has been to see if aerobic fitness is associated with recovery from work shifts. Material and Methods: Fourteen male rescuers (aged 34±9 years old) volunteered to participate in the study. Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded for 96 h to study stress and recovery, from the beginning of a 24-h work shift to the beginning of the next shift. Aerobic fitness assessment included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) estimation with a submaximal bicycle ergometer test. Salivary cortisol samples were collected 0 min, 15 min, and 30 min after awakening on the 3 resting days. Results: Some HRV parameters showed enhanced autonomic control after the work shift. Stress percentage decreased from the working day to the 2nd rest day (p < 0.05). However, maximal oxygen uptake was not associated with enhanced parasympathetic cardiac control (p > 0.05). Cortisol awakening response was attenuated right after the work shift. Conclusions: The HRV findings show that recovery after a long work shift takes several days. Thus, rescuers should pay attention to sufficient recovery before the next work shift, and an integrated model of perceived and physiological measurements could be beneficial to assess cardiovascular strain among rescuers with long work shifts.",Aerobic fitness | Cortisol awakening response | Firefighters | Heart rate variability | Recovery | Stress,International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health,2017-01-01,Article,"Lyytikäinen, Katariina;Toivonen, Leena;Hynynen, Esa;Lindholm, Harri;Kyröläinen, Heikki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84980010216,10.1186/s12889-016-3391-4,"Physical activity, body mass index and heart rate variability-based stress and recovery in 16 275 Finnish employees: A cross-sectional study","Background: Physical inactivity, overweight, and work-related stress are major concerns today. Psychological stress causes physiological responses such as reduced heart rate variability (HRV), owing to attenuated parasympathetic and/or increased sympathetic activity in cardiac autonomic control. This study's purpose was to investigate the relationships between physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and HRV-based stress and recovery on workdays, among Finnish employees. Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study were 16 275 individuals (6863 men and 9412 women; age 18-65 years; BMI 18.5-40.0 kg/m2). Assessments of stress, recovery and PA were based on HRV data from beat-to-beat R-R interval recording (mainly over 3 days). The validated HRV-derived variables took into account the dynamics and individuality of HRV. Stress percentage (the proportion of stress reactions, workday and working hours), and stress balance (ratio between recovery and stress reactions, sleep) describe the amount of physiological stress and recovery, respectively. Variables describing the intensity (i.e. magnitude of recognized reactions) of physiological stress and recovery were stress index (workday) and recovery index (sleep), respectively. Moderate to vigorous PA was measured and participants divided into the following groups, based on calculated weekly PA: inactive (0 min), low (0 < 150 min), medium (150-300 min), and high (>300 min). BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Linear models were employed in the main analyses. Results: High PA was associated with lower stress percentages (during workdays and working hours) and stress balance. Higher BMI was associated with higher stress index, and lower stress balance and recovery index. These results were similar for men and women (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: Independent of age and sex, high PA was associated with a lower amount of stress on workdays. Additionally, lower BMI was associated with better recovery during sleep, expressed by a greater amount and magnitude of recovery reactions, which suggests that PA in the long term resulting in improved fitness has a positive effect on recovery, even though high PA may disturb recovery during the following night. Obviously, several factors outside of the study could also affect HRV-based stress.",Body mass index | Heart rate variability | Physical activity | Physiological stress | Stress | Stress assessment,BMC Public Health,2016-08-02,Article,"Föhr, Tiina;Pietilä, Julia;Helander, Elina;Myllymäki, Tero;Lindholm, Harri;Rusko, Heikki;Kujala, Urho M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,High indoor CO2concentrations in an office environment increases the transcutaneous CO2level and sleepiness during cognitive work,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84950315603,10.1177/1099800415577801,Association of Job Strain With Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Among Shift-Working Health Care Professionals in Laboratory and Field,"Although the prevalence of work-related stress has increased, knowledge on the contributions of that stress to long-term adverse health effects is still lacking. Stress biomarkers can reveal early signs of negative health effects, but no previous studies have measured both acute stress reactions and long-term exposure to job strain using both salivary cortisol and α-amylase (AA). The present study examines the association between job strain and these biomarkers among shift-working female health care professionals in the laboratory and the field. The 95 participants were recruited from hospital wards categorized in either the top (high job strain [HJS] group, n = 42) or the bottom quartile of job strain (low job strain [LJS] group, n = 53), as rated by survey responses. Participants’ self-perceived job strain was at least as high or low as the ward’s average estimation. Saliva samples were collected during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), preselected morning and night shifts, and a day off. There was a larger increase in the cortisol concentration of participants in the HJS than in the LJS group (2.27- vs. 1.48-fold, respectively, nonsignificant) during the TSST. Participants in the HJS group also had higher salivary AA levels 30 min after awakening on the morning-shift day than those in the LJS group (p =.02), whereas the salivary cortisol awakening response on the day off was higher in the LJS group (p =.05, education as a covariate). The remaining stress-biomarker results did not differ significantly between groups. These data suggest that HJS in shift-working health care professionals is weakly associated with changes in stress biomarkers.",night-shift work | nursing | stress biomarkers | work-related stress,Biological Research for Nursing,2016-01-01,Article,"Karhula, Kati;Härmä, Mikko;Sallinen, Mikael;Lindholm, Harri;Hirvonen, Ari;Elovainio, Marko;Kivimäki, Mika;Vahtera, Jussi;Puttonen, Sampsa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84924733688,10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00299,Cardiorespiratory responses induced by various military field tasks,"Typical military tasks include load carriage, digging, and lifting loads. To avoid accumulation of fatigue, it is important to know the energy expenditure of soldiers during such tasks. The purpose of this study was to measure cardiorespiratory responses during military tasks in field conditions. Unloaded (M1) and loaded (M2) marching, artillery field preparation (AFP), and digging of defensive positions (D) were monitored. 15 conscripts carried additional weight of military outfit (5.4 kg) during M1, AFP, and D and during M2 full combat gear (24.4 kg). Absolute and relative oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) of M1 (n = 8) were 1.5 ± 0.1 L min–1, 19.9 ± 2.7 mL kg–1 min-1(42 ± 7% VO2max), and 107 ± 8 beats min-1 (55 ± 3% HRmax), respectively. VO2 of M2 (n = 8) was 1.7 ± 0.2 L min-1, 22.7 ± 3.4 mL kg-1 min-1 (47 ± 6% VO2max) and HR 123 ± 9 beats min-1 (64 ± 4% HRmax). VO2 of AFP (n = 5) and D (n = 6) were 1.3 ± 0.3 L min-1, 18.0 ± 3.0 (37 ± 6% VO2max), and 1.8 ± 0.4 L min-1, 24.3 ± 5.1 mL kg-1 min-1 (51 ± 9% VO2max), respectively. Corresponding HR values were 99 ± 8 beats min-1 (50 ± 3% HRmax) and 132 ± 10 beats min-1 (68 ± 4% HRmax), respectively. The mean work intensity of soldiers was close to 50% of their maximal aerobic capacity, which has been suggested to be maximal limit of intensity for sustained work.",,Military Medicine,2014-01-01,Article,"Pihlainen, Kai;Santtila, Matti;Häkkinen, Keijo;Lindholm, Harri;Kyröläinen, Heikki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84908614538,,The effect of structured exercise intervention on intensity and volume of total physical activity,"This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week structured exercise intervention on total physical activity and its subcategories. Twenty-three overweight or obese middle aged men with impaired glucose regulation were randomized into a 12-week Nordic walking group, a power-type resistance training group, and a non-exercise control group. Physical activity was measured with questionnaires before the intervention (1–4 weeks) and during the intervention (1–12 weeks) and was expressed in metabolic equivalents of task. No significant change in the volume of total physical activity between or within the groups was observed (p > 0.050). The volume of total leisure-time physical activity (structured exercises + non-structured leisure-time physical activity) increased significantly in the Nordic walking group (p < 0.050) but not in the resistance training group (p > 0.050) compared to the control group. In both exercise groups increase in the weekly volume of total leisure-time physical activity was inversely associated with the volume of non-leisure-time physical activities. In conclusion, structured exercise intervention did not increase the volume of total physical activity. Albeit, endurance training can increase the volume of high intensity physical activities, however it is associated with compensatory decrease in lower intensity physical activities. To achieve effective personalized exercise program, individuality in compensatory behavior should be recognised.",Energy expenditure | Glucose intolerance | Nordic walking | Resistance training | Thermogenesis,Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,2014-12-01,Review,"Wasenius, Niko;Venojärvi, Mika;Manderoos, Sirpa;Surakka, Jukka;Lindholm, Harri;Heinonen, Olli J.;Aunola, Sirkka;Eriksson, Johan G.;Mälkiä, Esko",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84901335324,10.1080/00140139.2014.895854,"Muscular, cardiorespiratory and thermal strain of mast and pole workers","This field study evaluated the level of muscular, cardiorespiratory and thermal strain of mast and pole workers. We measured the muscular strain using electromyography (EMG), expressed as a percentage in relation to maximal EMG activity (%MEMG). Oxygen consumption (VO2) was indirectly estimated from HR measured during work and expressed as a percentage of maximum VO2 (%VO2max). Skin and deep body temperatures were measured to quantify thermal strain. The highest average muscular strain was found in the wrist flexor (24 ± 1.5%MEMG) and extensor (21 ± 1.0%MEMG) muscles, exceeding the recommendation of 14%MEMG. Average cardiorespiratory strain was 48 ± 3%VO2max. Nearly half (40%) of the participants exceeded the recommended 50%VO2max level. The core body temperature varied between 36.8°C and 37.6°C and mean skin temperature between 28.6°C and 33.4°C indicating possible occasional superficial cooling. Both muscular and cardiorespiratory strain may pose a risk of local and systemic overloading and thus reduced work efficiency. Thermal strain remained at a tolerable level. Practitioner Summary: This field study shows that mast and pole workers may be at risk for local and/or systemic muscular and cardiorespiratory overloading and thus for excessive fatigue. The results emphasise the importance of good fitness level and they may be applied to other similar occupations as well. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.",ambient conditions | fatigue | field study | physical strain | temperature | work at height,Ergonomics,2014-01-01,Article,"Oksa, Juha;Hosio, Sanna;Mäkinen, Tero;Lindholm, Harri;Rintamäki, Hannu;Rissanen, Sirkka;Latvala, Jari;Vaara, Kimmo;Oksa, Panu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84896399741,10.1111/sms.12015,Unfavorable influence of structured exercise program on total leisure-time physical activity,"In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with customized structured physical exercise activity (SPEA) interventions, the dose of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) should exceed the LTPA dose of the nonexercising control (C) group. This increase is required to substantiate health improvements achievable by exercise. We aimed to compare the dose of SPEA, LTPA, and total LTPA (SPEA+LTPA) between a randomized Nordic walking (NW) group, a power-type resistance training (RT) group, and a C group during a 12-week exercise intervention in obese middle-aged men (n=144) with impaired glucose regulation. The dose of physical activity was measured with diaries using metabolic equivalents. No significant difference (P>0.107) between the groups was found in volume of total LTPA. The volume of LTPA was, however, significantly higher (P<0.050) in the C group than in the NW group, but not compared with the RT group. These results indicate that structured exercise does not automatically increase the total LTPA level, possibly, as a result of compensation of LTPA with structured exercise or spontaneous activation of the C group. Thus, the dose of total LTPA and the possible changes in spontaneous LTPA should be taken into account when implementing a RCT design with exercise intervention. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",Compensation | energy expenditure | Physical exercise intervention | RCT design,Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,2014-01-01,Article,"Wasenius, N.;Venojärvi, M.;Manderoos, S.;Surakka, J.;Lindholm, H.;Heinonen, O. J.;Eriksson, J. G.;Mälkiä, E.;Aunola, S.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84911869849,10.3109/07420528.2014.957294,Job strain and vagal recovery during sleep in shift working health care professionals,"Within sample female nurses/nurse assistants in three shift work, we explored the association of job strain with heart rate variability before and during sleep. The participants (n = 95) were recruited from the Finnish Public Sector Study, from hospital wards that belonged either to the top (high job strain [HJS], n = 42) or bottom quartiles on job strain (low job strain [LJS], n = 53) as rated by Job Content Questionnaire responses. A further inclusion criterion was that participants' own job strain was at least as high (HJS group) or low (LJS group) as their ward's average estimation. Three-week field measurements included sleep diary and actigraphy to study the participants' sleep patterns and sleep-wake rhythm. A subset of three pre-selected, circadian rhythm and recovery controlled measurement days, one morning shift, one night shift and a day off, included 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. The bootstrapped HRV parameters (HR, HF, LF, LF-to-HF-ratio and RMSSD) 30 min before and during 30 min of sleep with lowest average heart rate showed no statistically significant job strain group differences. No association of exposure to stressful work environment and HRV before and during sleep was found.",Heart rate variability | Night shift work | Nursing | Work-related stress,Chronobiology International,2014-12-01,Conference Paper,"Karhula, Kati;Henelius, Andreas;Härmä, Mikko;Sallinen, Mikael;Lindholm, Harri;Kivimäki, Mika;Vahtera, Jussi;Puttonen, Sampsa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84888835089,10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.015,12 Weeks' aerobic and resistance training without dietary intervention did not influence oxidative stress but aerobic training decreased atherogenic index in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation,"Our aim was to determine whether 12. weeks' aerobic Nordic walking (NW) or resistance exercise training (RT) without diet-induced weight loss could decrease oxidative stress and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS score in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) (n= 144. 54.5 ± 6.5. years). In addition, we compared effects of intervention between overweight and obese subgroups. Prevalenceof MetS and AIP index decreased only in NW group and MetS score in both NW and RT groups but not in control group. The changes in AIP index correlated inversely with changes in plasma antioxidant capacity. The change in AIP index remained a significant independent predictor of the changes in MetS score after the model was adjusted for age, BMI and volume of exercise (MET h/week) in NW group. There were no changes in the other measured markers of oxidative stress and related cytokines (e.g. osteopontin and osteoprotegerin) in any of the groups.Nordic walking decreased prevalence of MetS and MetS score. Improved lipid profile remained a predictor of decreased MetS score only in NW group and it seems that Nordic walking has more beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risks than RT training. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.",Atherogenic index | Impaired glucose regulation | Metabolic syndrome | Nordic walking | Oxidative stress | Resistance training,Food and Chemical Toxicology,2013-11-01,Article,"Venojärvi, Mika;Korkmaz, Ayhan;Wasenius, Niko;Manderoos, Sirpa;Heinonen, Olli J.;Lindholm, Harri;Aunola, Sirkka;Eriksson, Johan G.;Atalay, Mustafa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885345786,10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003036,Associations of metabolic factors and adipokines with pain in incipient upper extremity soft tissue disorders: A cross-sectional study,"Objectives: Earlier studies have suggested associations between metabolic factors and musculoskeletal pain or disorders. We studied the associations of obesity, lipids, other features of the metabolic syndrome and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin) with upper extremity pain in a clinical population with incipient upper extremity soft tissue disorders (UESTDs). Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary healthcare (occupational health service) with further examinations at a research institute. Participants: Patients (N=163, 86% were women) seeking medical advice in the occupational health service due to incipient upper extremity symptoms with symptom duration of <1 month were referred for consultation to the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health from Spring 2006 to Fall 2008. We included all actively working subjects meeting diagnostic criteria based on physical examination. We excluded subjects meeting predetermined conditions. Outcome measure: Pain intensity was assessed with visual analogue scale and dichotomised at the highest tertile (cut-point 60). Results: Obesity (adjusted OR for high waist circumference 2.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 7.3), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 10.1 for low level) and triglycerides (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.8 for high level) were associated with pain intensity. Of four adipokines studied, only visfatin was associated with upper extremity pain (adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1 for 1SD increase in level). Conclusions: Abdominal obesity and lipids may have an impact on pain intensity in UESTDs. They may intensify pain through proinflammatory pain-modifying molecular pathways or by causing soft tissue pathology and dysfunction of their supplying arteries. Of four adipokines studied only one (visfatin) was associated with pain intensity. In the future, further studies are required to better understand the relationship between metabolic factors and UESTDs.",,BMJ Open,2013-10-16,Article,"Rechardt, Martti;Shiri, Rahman;Lindholm, Harri;Karppinen, Jaro;Viikari-Juntura, Eira",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885336205,10.1186/1471-2261-13-83,Association between lowered endothelial function measured by peripheral arterial tonometry and cardio-metabolic risk factors - a cross-sectional study of Finnish municipal workers at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease,"Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the association between lowered endothelial function measured by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) and cardio-metabolic risk factors. The study population consisted of Finnish municipal workers who were at risk of diabetes or cardiovascular disease and who had expressed a need to change their health behaviour.Methods: A total of 312 middle-aged municipal workers underwent a physical medical examination and anthropometry measurements. Levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were taken from the blood samples. PAT measured the increase in digital pulse volume amplitude during reactive hyperemia, and the index of endothelial function, F-RHI, was defined as the ratio of post-deflation amplitude to baseline amplitude.Results: In the linear regression model, male sex was associated with lower F-RHI. In sex-adjusted linear regression models, each of the variables; waist circumference, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, body fat percentage, body mass index, current smoking, and impaired fasting glucose or diabetes were separately associated with lower F-RHI, and HDL cholesterol and resting heart rate were associated with higher F-RHI.HDL cholesterol, sex, body mass index, and current smoking entered a stepwise multivariable regression model, in which HDL cholesterol was associated with higher F-RHI, and smoking, male sex and body mass index were associated with lower F-RHI. This model explains 28.3% of the variability in F-RHI.Conclusions: F-RHI is associated with several cardio-metabolic risk factors; low level of HDL cholesterol, male sex, overweight and smoking being the most important predictors of a lowered endothelial function. A large part of variation in F-RHI remains accounted for by unknown factors. © 2013 Konttinen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",Cardiovascular risk | Endothelial dysfunction | Occupational health care | Peripheral arterial tonometry,BMC Cardiovascular Disorders,2013-10-11,Article,"Konttinen, Jussi;Lindholm, Harri;Sinisalo, Juha;Kuosma, Eeva;Halonen, Janne;Hopsu, Leila;Uitti, Jukka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84885004928,10.1186/1743-7075-10-62,Diet and cardiovascular health in asymptomatic normo- and mildly-to-moderately hypercholesterolemic participants - Baseline data from the BLOOD FLOW intervention study,"Background: For decades in Finland, intensive population strategies and preventive activities have been used to lower the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). Lifestyle changes, with the emphasis on diet, play an important role in preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate arterial stiffness and endothelial function in asymptomatic free-living adults and to relate the results to CHD risk factors and lifestyle habits with the emphasis on diet. Methods. Ninety-four asymptomatic participants were recruited by advertisements in four large companies and two research institutes employing mainly office workers. Arterial stiffness was assessed as the cardio-ankle vascular index in large arteries, and endothelial function as the reactive hyperemia index with peripheral arterial tonometry. The systematic Cardiovascular Risk Estimation (SCORE) was calculated. Results: The data was collected in the spring of 2011. Anthropometric, dietary, and lipid data was available from 92 participants, blood pressure from 85 and vascular measurements from 86-88 subjects (38% males; 62% females; mean age of all 51). The majority (72%) had an elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration and over half were overweight or obese. SCORE stated that 49% of the participants had a moderate risk of cardiovascular disease. When compared to general recommendations, half of the participants had too high intake of total fat and in 66% the consumption of saturated fat was too high. In contrast, the intake of carbohydrates was too low in 90% of the participants and for fiber 73% were below recommendations. There was evidence of borderline or increased arterial stiffness in 72% of the participants and endothelial function was impaired in 8%. Arterial stiffness was associated with LDL cholesterol concentration (p = 0.024), dietary cholesterol intake (p = 0.029), and SCORE (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In a cross-sectional study of asymptomatic middle-aged participants, the half had a moderate risk for cardiovascular diseases manifested as increased arterial stiffness, elevated LDL cholesterol concentration, and poor dietary habits. The new observation that arterial stiffness was associated with dietary cholesterol intake and SCORE emphasizes the urgency of adequate lifestyle and dietary interventions to prevent future coronary events even in asymptomatic participants. Trial registration. Clinical Trials Register # NCT01315964. © 2013 Hallikainen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",Arterial stiffness | Cardio-ankle vascular index | Diet | Endothelial function | LDL cholesterol | Reactive hyperemia index | Saturated fatty acids | Systematic cardiovascular risk estimation,Nutrition and Metabolism,2013-10-09,Article,"Hallikainen, Maarit;Halonen, Janne;Konttinen, Jussi;Lindholm, Harri;Simonen, Piia;Nissinen, Markku J.;Gylling, Helena",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884956623,10.1539/joh.12-0250-OA,Effects of implementing an ergonomic work schedule on heart rate variability in shift-working nurses,"Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the psychophysiological strain related to a conventional shift schedule and new ergonomically improved two- and three-shift schedules using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The specific aim was to determine whether the introduced ergonomic shift arrangement had any positive effects on the psychophysiological strain such as increased HRV or decrease in the sympathovagal balance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Methods: Questionnaire data and 24-hour HRV recordings were gathered from 48 female shift-working nurses once while working the conventional shift schedule (baseline) and again after one year working an ergonomic shift schedule during the morning shift. Results: Comparisons between conventional and ergonomic shift schedules (baseline and follow-up, respectively) revealed significant differences in frequency-domain parameters. Implementing an ergonomic shift schedule resulted in decreased normalized low frequency (LF) power, increased normalized high frequency (HF) power, and decreased LF/HF ratio at the beginning of the shift. Furthermore, at baseline, mean RR interval, root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) Scheduleand normalized HF power were increased at the end of the shift compared with the values at the beginning of the morning shift. In contrast, at the follow-up, LF power was increased between the end and beginning of the morning shift. Conclusions: The psychophysiological strain measured by HRV analysis was lower at the beginning of the work shift for the ergonomic shift schedules compared with the conventional schedule. This indicates that an ergonomic shift schedule may have a positive effect on the ANS recovery occurring between successive work shifts.",Autonomic nervous system | Heart rate variability | Scheduling | Shift work,Journal of Occupational Health,2013-01-01,Article,"Järvelin-Pasanen, Susanna;Ropponen, Annina;Tarvainen, Mika;Paukkonen, Marja;Hakola, Tarja;Puttonen, Sampsa;Karjalainen, Pasi Antero;Lindholm, Harri;Louhevaara, Veikko;Pohjonen, Tiina",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84884677414,10.1016/j.shaw.2013.06.002,Testing of common electromagnetic environments for risk of interference with cardiac pacemaker function,"Background Cardiac pacemakers are known to be susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This in vivo study investigated occurrence of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers caused by common environmental sources of EMFs. Methods Eleven volunteers with a pacemaker were exposed to EMFs produced by two mobile phone base stations, an electrically powered commuter train, and an overhead high voltage transmission lines. All the pacemakers were programmed in normal clinically selected settings with bipolar sensing and pacing configurations. Results None of the pacemakers experienced interference in any of these exposure situations. However, often it is not clear whether or not strong EMFs exist in various work environments, and hence an individual risk assessment is needed. Conclusions Modern pacemakers are well shielded against external EMFs, and workers with a pacemaker can most often return to their previous work after having a pacemaker implanted. However, an appropriate risk assessment is still necessary after the implantation of a pacemaker, a change of its generator, or major modification of its programming settings. © 2013, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.",cardiac pacemakers | electromagnetic fields | occupational exposure | risk assessment,Safety and Health at Work,2013-09-01,Article,"Tiikkaja, Maria;Aro, Aapo L.;Alanko, Tommi;Lindholm, Harri;Sistonen, Heli;Hartikainen, Juha E.K.;Toivonen, Lauri;Juutilainen, Jukka;Hietanen, Maila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84879996617,10.1186/1471-2261-13-50,The effects of plant stanol ester consumption on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults: A randomised controlled clinical trial,"Background: The hypocholesterolemic effect of plant stanol ester consumption has been studied extensively, but its effect on cardiovascular health has been less frequently investigated. We studied the effects of plant stanol esters (staest) on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults without lipid medication.Methods: Ninety-two asymptomatic subjects, 35 men and 57 women, mean age of 50.8±1.0 years (SEM) were recruited from different commercial companies. It was randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel trial and lasted 6 months. The staest group (n=46) consumed rapeseed oil-based spread enriched with staest (3.0 g of plant stanols/d), and controls (n=46) the same spread without staest. Arterial stiffness was assessed via the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in large and as an augmentation index (AI) in peripheral arteries, and endothelial function as reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Lipids and vascular endpoints were tested using analysis of variance for repeated measurements.Results: At baseline, 28% of subjects had a normal LDL cholesterol level (≤3.0 mmol/l) and normal arterial stiffness (<8). After the intervention, in the staest group, serum total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations declined by 6.6, 10.2, and 10.6% compared with controls (p<0.001 for all). CAVI was unchanged in the whole study group, but in control men, CAVI tended to increase by 3.1% (p=0.06) but was unchanged in the staest men, thus the difference in the changes between groups was statistically significant (p=0.023). AI was unchanged in staest (1.96±2.47, NS) but increased by 3.30±1.83 in controls (p=0.034) i.e. the groups differed from each other (p=0.046). The reduction in LDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels achieved by staest was related to the improvement in RHI (r=-0.452, p=0.006 and -0.436, p=0.008).Conclusions: Lowering LDL and non-HDL cholesterol by 10% with staest for 6 months reduced arterial stiffness in small arteries. In subgroup analyses, staest also had a beneficial effect on arterial stiffness in large arteries in men and on endothelial function. Further research will be needed to confirm these results in different populations.Trial registration: Clinical Trials Register # NCT01315964. © 2013 Gylling et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",Arterial stiffness | Augmentation index | Cardio-ankle vascular index | Coronary artery disease | Endothelial function | LDL cholesterol | Plant stanol ester | Reactive hyperemia index,BMC Cardiovascular Disorders,2013-07-10,Article,"Gylling, Helena;Halonen, Janne;Lindholm, Harri;Konttinen, Jussi;Simonen, Piia;Nissinen, Markku J.;Savolainen, Aslak;Talvi, Airi;Hallikainen, Maarit",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84876328095,10.1007/s00421-012-2532-4,"Low total haemoglobin mass, blood volume and aerobic capacity in men with type 1 diabetes","Blood O2 carrying capacity affects aerobic capacity (VO 2max). Patients with type 1 diabetes have a risk for anaemia along with renal impairment, and they often have low VO2max. We investigated whether total haemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) and blood volume (BV) differ in men with type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 12) presently without complications and in healthy men (CON, n = 23) (age-, anthropometry-, physical activity-matched), to seek an explanation for low VO2max. We determined tHb-mass, BV, haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), and VO2max in T1D and CON. With similar (mean ± SD) [Hb] (144 vs. 145 g l -1), T1D had lower tHb-mass (10.1 ± 1.4 vs. 11.0 ± 1.1 g kg-1, P < 0.05), BV (76.8 ± 9.5 vs. 83.5 ± 8.3 ml kg-1, P < 0.05) and VO2max (35.4 ± 4.8 vs. 44.9 ± 7.5 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.001) than CON. VO2max correlated with tHb-mass and BV both in T1D (r = 0.71, P < 0.01 and 0.67, P < 0.05, respectively) and CON (r = 0.54, P < 0.01 and 0.66, P < 0.001, respectively), but not with [Hb]. Linear regression slopes were shallower in T1D than CON both between VO2max and tHb-mass (2.4 and 3.6 ml kg-1 min-1 vs. g kg-1, respectively) and VO2max and BV (0.3 and 0.6 ml kg-1 min-1 vs. g kg-1, respectively), indicating that T1D were unable to reach similar VO2max than CON at a given tHb-mass and BV. In conclusion, low tHb-mass and BV partly explained low VO2max in T1D and may provide early and more sensitive markers of blood O2 carrying capacity than [Hb] alone. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",Blood volume | Diabetes | Haemoglobin | Maximal oxygen uptake | Physical activity | Red cell mass,European Journal of Applied Physiology,2013-05-01,Article,"Koponen, Anne S.;Peltonen, Juha E.;Päivinen, Marja K.;Aho, Jyrki M.;Hägglund, Harriet J.;Uusitalo, Arja L.;Lindholm, Harri J.;Tikkanen, Heikki O.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84875577224,10.1139/apnm-2012-0180,Firefighters muscular recovery after a heavy work bout in the heat,"Occasionally firefighters need to perform very heavy bouts of work, such as smoke diving or clearing an accident site, which induce significant muscle fatigue. The time span for muscular recovery from such heavy work is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate firefighters' force-, neural-, metabolic-, and structural-related recovery after task-specific heavy work in the heat. Fifteen healthy firefighters (14 males and 1 female) performed a 20-min heavy work bout that simulated smoke diving and the clearance of an accident site at 35 °C. After the work, muscular recovery was evaluated by wrist flexion maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), average electromyography during MVC and during 10%MVC, rate of force production, motor response and stretch reflex responses, muscle oxygen consumption and oxygenation level, and wrist flexor muscle pennation angle. Recovery was followed for 4 h. Each of the 12 measured parameters changed significantly (p < 0.05) from those at baseline during the follow-up. Muscle oxygen consumption and the wrist flexor pennation angle remained elevated throughout the follow-up (oxygen consumption baseline, 12.9 ± 1.7 mL O2·min-1·(100 g)-1; 4-h value, 17.5 ± 1.6 mL O2·min-1·(100 g)-1; p < 0.05 and pennation angle baseline, 15.7 ± 0.8°; 4-h value, 17.8 ± 0.8°; p < 0.05). Muscle reoxygenation rate was elevated for up to 2 h (baseline, 2.3 ± 0.4 μmol·L-1·min-1; 2-h value, 3.4 ± 0.4 μmol·L-1·min-1; p < 0.05). The other 9 parameters recovered (were no longer significantly different from baseline) after 20 to 60 min. We concluded that the recovery order in main components of muscle function from fastest to slowest was force, neural, metabolic, and structural.",Firefighter | Heavy work | Motor control | Muscle force | Muscle metabolism | Muscle structure | Recovery | Temperature,"Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism",2013-04-04,Article,"Oksa, Juha;Rintamäki, Hannu;Takatalo, Kaisa;Mäkinen, Tero;Lusa, Sirpa;Lindholm, Harri;Rissanen, Sirkka",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874399119,10.1093/europace/eus345,Electromagnetic interference with cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators from low-frequency electromagnetic fields in vivo,"AimsElectromagnetic interference (EMI) can pose a danger to workers with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). At some workplaces electromagnetic fields are high enough to potentially inflict EMI. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the susceptibility of pacemakers and ICDs to external electromagnetic fields.Methods and resultsEleven volunteers with a pacemaker and 13 with an ICD were exposed to sine, pulse, ramp, and square waveform magnetic fields with frequencies of 2-200 Hz using Helmholtz coil. The magnetic field flux densities varied to 300 μT. We also tested the occurrence of EMI from an electronic article surveillance (EAS) gate, an induction cooktop, and a metal inert gas (MIG) welding machine. All pacemakers were tested with bipolar settings and three of them also with unipolar sensing configurations. None of the bipolar pacemakers or ICDs tested experienced interference in any of the exposure situations. The three pacemakers with unipolar settings were affected by the highest fields of the Helmholtz coil, and one of them also by the EAS gate and the welding cable. The induction cooktop did not interfere with any of the unipolarly programmed pacemakers.ConclusionMagnetic fields with intensities as high as those used in this study are rare even in industrial working environments. In most cases, employees can return to work after implantation of a bipolar pacemaker or an ICD, after an appropriate risk assessment. Pacemakers programmed to unipolar configurations can cause danger to their users in environments with high electromagnetic fields, and should be avoided, if possible. © The Author 2012.",Electromagnetic interference | ICD | in vivo tests | Low-frequency magnetic field | Pacemaker,Europace,2013-03-01,Article,"Tiikkaja, Maria;Aro, Aapo L.;Alanko, Tommi;Lindholm, Harri;Sistonen, Heli;Hartikainen, Juha E.K.;Toivonen, Lauri;Juutilainen, Jukka;Hietanen, Maila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84873372246,10.3109/07853890.2012.727020,Nordic walking decreased circulating chemerin and leptin concentrations in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation,"Background. Dysfunction of adipose tissue is one of the major factors leading to insulin resistance. Altered adipokine concentration is an early sign of adipose tissue dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of exercise intervention on adipokine profile, glycemic control, and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MeS) in men with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Methods. Overweight and obese men with IGR (n =144) aged 40-65 years were studied at baseline and at 12 weeks in a randomized controlled multicenter intervention study. BMI varied from 25.1 to 34.9. The subjects were randomized into one of three groups: 1) a control group (C; n =47), 2) a Nordic walking group (NW; n =48), or 3) a resistance training group (RT; n =49). Results. Leptin concentrations decreased in the NW group compared to both other groups. Both types of exercise intervention significantly decreased serum chemerin concentrations compared to the C group. In the NW group also body fat percentage, fatty liver index (FLI), and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations decreased compared to the RT group. Conclusions. Nordic walking intervention seems to decrease chemerin and leptin levels, and subjects in this intervention group achieved the most beneficial effects on components of MeS. © 2013 Informa UK, Ltd.",Chemerin | Impaired glucose regulation | Nordic walking | Resistance training,Annals of Medicine,2013-03-01,Review,"Venojärvi, Mika;Wasenius, Niko;Manderoos, Sirpa;Heinonen, Olli J.;Hernelahti, Miika;Lindholm, Harri;Surakka, Jukka;Lindström, Jaana;Aunola, Sirkka;Atalay, Mustafa;Eriksson, Johan G.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84880128217,10.2478/s13382-013-0097-z,Inflammatory response to acute exposure to welding fumes during the working day,"Objectives: To investigate cardiorespiratory and inflammatory responses in male workers following exposure to welding fumes and airborne particles in actual workplace conditions. Materials and Methods: We measured blood leukocytes and their differential counts, platelet count, hemoglobin, sensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, E-selectin, IL-(interleukin)1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 in blood samples of twenty workers before and after their working day. We also studied peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and exhaled nitric oxide (NO). We assessed heart rate variability (HRV) by obtaining 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms. Results: The total blood leukocytes and neutrophils increased after the work shift, whereas IL-1β and E-selectin decreased significantly. There were no statistically significant changes in exhaled NO, FEV1, PEF or HRV. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to welding fumes and particles caused a slight, acute inflammatory effect estimated based on the increased values of leukocytes and neutrophils in blood and a decrease in the interleukin 1β and E-selectin values, but no changes in the pulmonary function (exhaled NO, FEV1, PEF) or HRV during the working day were observed. © 2013 Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.",Cytokines | E-selectin | Exhaled Nitric Oxide (NO) | Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | Interleukin-1β | Welding,International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health,2013-01-01,Article,"Järvelä, Merja;Kauppi, Paula;Tuomi, Timo;Luukkonen, Ritva;Lindholm, Harri;Nieminen, Riina;Moilanen, Eeva;Hannu, Timo",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84874161381,10.3109/02770903.2012.733992,Positive exercise test and obstructive spirometry in young male conscripts associated with persistent asthma 20 years later,"Background. Asthma often begins in childhood or early adulthood and is a common disease among conscripts. The identification of long-term predictive factors for persistent asthma may lead to improved treatment opportunities and better disease control. Objective. Our aim was to study the prognostic factors of the severity of asthma among 40-year-old male conscripts whose asthma began in youth. Methods. We studied 119 conscripts who were referred to the Central Military Hospital during 1987-1990 due to asthma and who attended a follow-up visit approximately 20 years later. Asthma severity was evaluated during military service according to the medical records, and 20 years later during a follow-up visit using Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. We used the results of lung function and allergy tests at baseline as predictors of current persistent asthma. Results. Compared with baseline, asthma was less severe at follow-up: 11.8% of subjects were in remission, 42.0% had intermittent asthma, 10.9% had mild persistent asthma, and 35.3% had moderate/severe persistent asthma (p < .001). In multivariate models, a positive exercise test at baseline yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 3.2 (95% CI 1.0-9.8, p = .046), a decreased FEV1/FVC % predicted an OR of 4.0 (95% CI 1.7-9.3, p = .002), and a decreased FEF50% % predicted an OR of 2.8 (95% CI 1.3-6.4, p = .012) for current persistent asthma. Conclusions. About half of the men had persistent asthma at the 20-year follow-up. Positive exercise tests and obstructive spirometry results were related to the persistence of asthma and may be useful long-term prognostic factors for asthma severity. Copyright © 2012 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.",Asthma | Epidemiology | Exercise test | Forced expiratory flow rate at 50% of vital capacity | Prognostic factors | Spirometry,Journal of Asthma,2012-12-01,Article,"Lindström, Irmeli;Suojalehto, Hille;Lindholm, Harri;Pallasaho, Paula;Luukkonen, Ritva;Karjalainen, Jouko;Lauerma, Antti;Karjalainen, Antti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866069889,10.3109/14017431.2012.716525,Interference of low frequency magnetic fields with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators,"Objectives. The aim of this study was to find the electromagnetic interference (EMI) thresholds for several commonly used implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). Design. Seventeen ICDs were exposed to magnetic fields with different intensities produced by the Helmholtz coil system. Sinusoidal, pulse, ramp, and square-waveforms with a frequency range of 2 Hz to 1 kHz were used. Results. ICD malfunctions occurred in 11 of the 17 ICDs tested. The ICD malfunctions that occurred were false detections of ventricular tachycardia (6/17 ICDs) and ventricular fibrillation (3/17 ICDs), false detection of atrial tachycardia (4/6 dual chamber ICDs) and tachycardia sensing occurring during atrial or ventricular refractory periods (1/17 ICD). In most cases, no interference occurred at magnetic field levels below the occupational safety limits of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Nevertheless, some frequencies using sine, ramp or square waveforms did interfere with certain ICDs at levels below these limits. No EMI occurred with any of the ICDs below the ICNIRP limits for public exposure. Conclusion. Evaluation of EMI should be part of the risk assessment of an employee returning to work after an ICD implantation. The risk assessment should consider magnetic field intensities, frequencies and waveforms. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.",Electromagnetic interference | Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | Occupational safety,Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal,2012-10-01,Article,"Tiikkaja, Maria;Alanko, Tommi;Lindholm, Harri;Hietanen, Maila;Toivonen, Lauri;Hartikainen, Juha",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866549114,10.3389/fphys.2012.00265,"Alveolar gas exchange and tissue oxygenation during incremental treadmill exercise, and their associations with blood O 2 carrying capacity","The magnitude and timing of oxygenation responses in highly active leg muscle, less active arm muscle, and cerebral tissue, have not been studied with simultaneous alveolar gas exchange measurement during incremental treadmill exercise. Nor is it known, if blood O 2 carrying capacity affects the tissue-specific oxygenation responses. Thus, we investigated alveolar gas exchange and tissue (m. vastus lateralis, m. biceps brachii, cerebral cortex) oxygenation during incremental treadmill exercise until volitional fatigue, and their associations with blood O 2 carrying capacity in 22 healthy men. Alveolar gas exchange was measured, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to monitor relative concentration changes in oxy- (Δ[O 2Hb]), deoxy- (Δ[HHb]) and total hemoglobin (Δ[tHb]), and tissue saturation index (TSI). NIRS inflection points (NIP), reflecting changes in tissue-specific oxygenation, were determined and their coincidence with ventilatory thresholds [anaerobic threshold (AT), respiratory compensation point (RC); V-slope method] was examined. Blood O 2 carrying capacity [total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass)] was determined with the CO-rebreathing method. In all tissues, NIPs coincided with AT whereas RC was followed by NIPs. High tHb-mass associated with leg muscle deoxygenation at peak exercise (e.g., Δ[HHb] from baseline walking to peak exercise vs. tHb-mass: r = 0.64, p < 0.01), but not with arm muscle- or cerebral deoxygenation. In conclusion, regional tissue oxygenation was characterized by inflection points, and tissue oxygenation in relation to alveolar gas exchange during incremental treadmill exercise resembled previous findings made during incremental cycling. It was also found out, that O 2 delivery to less active m. biceps brachii may be limited by an accelerated increase in ventilation at high running intensities. In addition, high capacity for blood O 2 carrying was associated with a high level of m. vastus lateralis deoxygenation at peak exercise. © 2012 Rissanen, Tikkanen, Koponen, Aho, Hägglund, Lindholm and Peltonen.",Blood oxygen carrying capacity | CO-rebreathing method | Near-infrared spectroscopy | Oxygenation | Treadmill exercise,Frontiers in Physiology,2012-09-27,Article,"Rissanen, Antti Pekka E.;Tikkanen, Heikki O.;Koponen, Anne S.;Aho, Jyrki M.;Hägglund, Harriet;Lindholm, Harri;Peltonen, Juha E.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84866413045,10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182554b11,Lifestyle factors predicting changes in aerobic capacity of aging firefighters at 3-and 13-year follow-ups,"OBJECTIVE:: To describe changes in aging firefighters aerobic capacity at 3- and 13-year follow-ups, and to investigate the lifestyle factors predicting them. We evaluated the sufficiency of aerobic capacity for the demands of rescue diving. METHODS:: We studied 78 male Finnish firefighters aged 30 to 44 years at baseline. The outcome variable was aerobic capacity (L•min and mL•kg•min). The predictors were exercise, smoking, and drinking habits. RESULTS:: The average annual change (range) in absolute and relative aerobic capacity was -1.12% (-3.43 to 1.39) and -1.33% (-3.98 to 1.63). Exercising at least 4 to 5 times a week was the best protective factor, and regular smoking and more than 15 units of alcohol a week were risk factors for decline in aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS:: To prevent the excessive decline of aerobic capacity related to work demands, we must pay particular attention to exercise regularity. Copyright © 2012 by American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.",,Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2012-09-01,Article,"Punakallio, Anne;Lindholm, Harri;Luukkonen, Ritva;Lusa, Sirpa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861952097,10.1002/ajim.22042,Attenuation of vagal recovery during sleep and reduction of cortisol/melatonin ratio in late afternoon associate with prolonged daytime sleepiness among media workers with irregular shift work,"Background: Media work is characterized by information flow, deadlines, and 24/7 alertness. Good recovery prevents stress-related disorders. Methods: The standardized questionnaire included items about health, health habits, sleep, work conditions, and work stress. Recordings of 24-hr heart rate variability (HRV) and four salivary samples for cortisol and melatonin levels were analyzed from 70 randomly selected workers with irregular shift work, and 70 workers with normal daytime work. Results: Irregular shift work increased the risk of insufficient recovery when compared to normal daytime work (OR 2.0; P<0.05). In the group of workers with insufficient subjective recovery, HRV was attenuated (P<0.05) during the early hours of night, and cortisol/melatonin ratio was decreased (P<0.05) in the afternoon. Conclusions: Physiological changes underlying subjective feelings of insufficient recovery are measurable. Attenuated HRV during sleep reflects prolonged sympathetic drive and/or impaired parasympathetic recovery. Interactions between cortisol and melatonin hormones might be involved in the development of chronic exhaustion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",Cortisol | Heart rate variability | Media work | Melatonin | Recovery,American Journal of Industrial Medicine,2012-07-01,Article,"Lindholm, Harri;Sinisalo, Juha;Ahlberg, Jari;Hirvonen, Ari;Hublin, Christer;Partinen, Markku;Savolainen, Aslak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84863657221,10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825d817e,"From the subarctic to the tropics: Effects of 4-month deployment on soldiers' heat stress, heat strain, and physical performance","Rintamäki, H, Kyröläinen, H, Santtila, M, Mäntysaari, M, Simonen, R, Torpo, H, Mäkinen, T, Rissanen, S, and Lindholm, H. From the subarctic to the tropics: effects of 4-month deployment on soldiers' heat stress, heat strain, and physical performance. J Strength Cond Res 26(7): S45-S52, 2012 - The aim of the study was to evaluate the heat stress of Finnish male soldiers (N = 20, age 22.0 ± 2.5 years, body mass 78.8 ± 11.5 kg, and height 180.2 ± 5.6 cm) during their 4-month deployment in a hot environment and to find out the effects on physical performance and body composition. The troops moved from 2.5°C (mean monthly temperature) in Finland to 31.9°C in Chad. During the deployment, temperatures varied between 13.5 and 57.0°C outdoors and in the vehicles and tents. During 1-day recording in the middle of the deployment, skin temperatures were 34-35°C during daytime and maximal core temperature remained mainly below 38.0°C. Body mass decreased (78.4 ± 11.5 kg vs. 75.6 ± 8.6, p = 0.007) during the deployment without changes in fat mass. The sit-up performance increased by 10.9% (46 ± 10 reps·min -1 vs. 51 ± 7 reps·min -1, p > 0.01), and the maximal force production of the leg extensor muscles increased (3,042 ± 614 N vs. 3,277 ± 706 N, p > 0.05) without change in the rate of force development. No changes were observed in the push-ups, repeated squats, maximal grip strength, and running distance during the 12-minute test. In conclusion, the soldiers were able to maintain or improve their physical performance during the deployment despite the heat stress. It is important to encourage soldiers to engage in physical training, especially during a thermally appropriate time of the day or in air-conditioned facilities. Monitoring of local heat stress is also recommended. © 2012 National Strength and Conditioning Association.",Fitness | Heat acclimation | Heat exposure | Physical activity,Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2012-07-01,Article,"Rintamäki, Hannu;Kyrolainen, Heikki;Santtila, Matti;Mantysaari, Matti;Simonen, Riitta;Torpo, Henna;Makinen, Tero;Rissanen, Sirkka;Lindholm, Harri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861960991,10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03330.x,Inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator magnet-mode switch induced by a laptop computer,"An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) experienced electromagnetic interference from a laptop computer's hard disk. The patient with the ICD was using his laptop computer at home while lying on his bed. The laptop was positioned on his chest, when he heard a beeping sound from the ICD, indicating magnet mode conversion. This situation was replicated in a controlled environment, and the conversion was found to be due to the static magnetic field produced by the laptop's hard disk. The ICD's conversion to magnet mode can be dangerous because it ends all tachyarrhythmia detections and therapies. ©2012, The Authors. Journal compilation ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | Interference | Laptop | Magnetic field,PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology,2012-06-01,Article,"Tiikkaja, Maria;Aro, Aapo;Alanko, Tommi;Lindholm, Harri;Hietanen, Maila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84860540324,10.1007/s10840-011-9651-4,Experimental study on malfunction of pacemakers due to exposure to different external magnetic fields,"Purpose: Cardiac pacemaker malfunction due to exposure to magnetic fields may cause serious problems in some work environments for workers having cardiac pacemakers. The aim of this study was to find the magnetic field interference thresholds for several commonly used pacemaker models. Methods: We investigated 16 pacemakers from three different manufacturers with the frequency range of 2 to 1,000 Hz, using sinusoidal, pulse, ramp, and square waveforms. The magnetic fields were produced by a computer-controlled Helmholtz coil system. Results: Pacemaker malfunction occurred in six of 16 pacemakers. Interaction developed almost immediately after high-intensity magnetic field exposure started. With each waveform, at least two pacemakers exhibited interference. In most exposure settings, there was no interference at magnetic field levels below the international occupational safety limits. Nevertheless, some frequencies using ramp or square waveforms interfered with pacemakers even at levels below public exposure limits. The occurrence of interference depended greatly on the waveform, frequency, magnetic field intensity, and the sensing configuration of the pacemaker. Unipolar configurations were more susceptible for interference than the bipolar ones. In addition, magnetic fields perpendicular to the pacemaker loops were more likely to cause interference than parallel fields. Conclusion: There is a need for further investigations on pacemaker interference caused by different external magnetic fields to ensure safe working environment to workers with a pacemaker. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.",Electromagnetic interference | In vitro study | Magnetic field | Occupational safety | Pacemaker,Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology,2012-06-01,Article,"Tiikkaja, Maria;Alanko, Tommi;Lindholm, Harri;Hietanen, Maila;Hartikainen, Juha;Toivonen, Lauri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84861845169,10.1007/s00420-011-0681-0,Association of cardio-ankle vascular index with physical fitness and cognitive symptoms in aging Finnish firefighters,"Monitoring cardiovascular risk factors is important in health promotion among firefighters. The assessment of arterial stiffness (AS) may help to detect early signs of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between aerobic fitness, cognitive symptoms and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as a measure for AS among Finnish firefighters. The data are one part of a large 13-year follow-up study of the health and physical and mental capacity of Finnish professional firefighters. The subjects in this substudy comprised 65 male firefighters of a mean age of 48.0 (42-58) years in 2009. Their maximal oxygen uptake was successfully measured in two cross-sectional studies in 1996 and 2009, and they responded to questionnaires at both sessions, and their CAVI was measured in 2009. CAVI was calculated from the pulse waveform signal and pulse wave velocity. The lifestyle habits and subjective cognitive stress-related symptoms were collected via a standardized questionnaire. Muscular fitness was measured by the routine test battery used for Finnish firefighters. CAVI was related to age. About one-fifth of the firefighters had a CAVI of >8. Aerobic fitness was the main physiological factor correlating with increased CAVI. Interestingly, VO2max and the accelerated decrease in VO2max during a 13-year follow-up were associated with signs of impaired vascular function. The cognitive symptoms derived from the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS) were mainly associated with stress and sleeping difficulties. No clear association with physical fitness was found in this population of fit firefighters. Among firefighters, the decrease in aerobic fitness predicts increased arterial stiffness. The speed of the age-related decline in maximal oxygen consumption is as important as absolute level. Against expectations, the cognitive function did not correlate with vascular health parameters. The cognitive symptoms, however, were only mild. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.",Arterial stiffness | Cardiovascular health | Cognitive symptoms | Firefighters,International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2012-05-01,Article,"Lindholm, H.;Punakallio, A.;Lusa, S.;Sainio, M.;Ponocny, E.;Winker, R.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84857801269,10.1002/bem.20702,No effects of short-term GSM mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow measured using positron emission tomography,"The present study investigated the effects of 902.4MHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (PET) with the 15O-water tracer. Fifteen young, healthy, right-handed male subjects were exposed to phone radiation from three different locations (left ear, right ear, forehead) and to sham exposure to test for possible exposure effects on brain regions close to the exposure source. Whole-brain [15O]H2O-PET images were acquired 12 times, 3 for each condition, in a counterbalanced order. Subjects were exposed for 5min in each scan while performing a simple visual vigilance task. Temperature was also measured in the head region (forehead, eyes, cheeks, ear canals) during exposure. The exposure induced a slight temperature rise in the ear canals but did not affect brain hemodynamics and task performance. The results provided no evidence for acute effects of short-term mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",CBF | Cellular phone | Electromagnetic field (EMF) | Global System for Mobile Communications | PET,Bioelectromagnetics,2012-01-01,Article,"Kwon, Myoung Soo;Vorobyev, Victor;Kännälä, Sami;Laine, Matti;Rinne, Juha O.;Toivonen, Tommi;Johansson, Jarkko;Teräs, Mika;Joutsa, Juho;Tuominen, Lauri;Lindholm, Harri;Alanko, Tommi;Hämäläinen, Heikki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84855470753,10.1080/03004430.2010.549941,Stress reactivity of six-year-old children involved in challenging tasks,"The aim of this study was to investigate whether the preschool activities challenge the stress regulative system in children. We used a multi-system approach to evaluate the underlying processes of stress responses and measured both cortisol and α-amylase responses after emotionally and cognitively challenging tasks followed by a recovery session. We anticipated that challenging tasks would increase both cortisol and α-amylase levels above the baseline. We further expected that recovery sessions would decrease both levels towards the baseline. In addition, we expected the symmetry of α-amylase and cortisol reactivity to be related to the ability to orientate towards cognitive demands. The study involved a total of 91 children (42 girls, 49 boys; six-year-olds). Baseline saliva samples were collected during a single day in October 2008. Reactivity saliva samples were collected during one morning in February 2009. During that day, the children first watched a movie with an experimenter who was unfamiliar to the children. After the movie, the children went to another room where the experimenter conducted all the cognitive tasks. These tasks were followed by a recovery session. The baseline cortisol levels indicated an average established function of the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical) system in the study children. Contrary to our hypothesis, only 19% of the study children showed the expected pattern of stress reactivity for both cortisol and α-amylase, with an average increase in cortisol and α-amylase levels following the challenging tasks. Unexpectedly, cortisol and α-amylase levels increased significantly in the singing recovery session. The surprising finding that singing seemed to be the only stimulating activity during the entire experimental situation raises questions about preschool practices. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",α-amylase | challenging tasks | cortisol | preschool | recovery | stress reactivity,Early Child Development and Care,2012-02-01,Article,"Sajaniemi, Nina;Suhonen, Eira;Kontu, Elina;Lindholm, Harri;Hirvonen, Ari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84858730711,10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.09.004,Thermal effects of mobile phone RF fields on children: A provocation study,"The aim of this study was to examine thermal and local blood flow responses in the head area of the preadolescent boys during exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields produced by a GSM mobile phone. The design was a double-blinded sham-controlled study of 26 boys, aged 14-15 years. The SAR distribution was calculated and modelled in detail. The duration of the sham periods and exposures with GSM 900 phone was 15 min each, and the tests were carried out in a climatic chamber in controlled thermoneutral conditions. The ear canal temperatures were registered from both ear canals, and the skin temperatures at several sites of the head, trunk and extremities. The local cerebral blood flow was monitored by a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and the autonomic nervous system function by recordings of ECG and continuous blood pressure. During the short-term RF exposure, local cerebral blood flow did not change, the ear canal temperature did not increase significantly and autonomic nervous system was not interfered. The strengths of this study were the age of the population, multifactorial physiological monitoring and strictly controlled thermal environment. The limitations of the study were large inter-individual variation in the physiological responses, and short duration of the exposure. Longer provocation protocols, however, might cause in children distress related confounding physiological responses. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.",Autonomic nervous system | Cerebral blood flow | Children | Mobile phone | Temperature,Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology,2011-12-01,Review,"Lindholm, Harri;Alanko, Tommi;Rintamäki, Hannu;Kännälä, Sami;Toivonen, Tommi;Sistonen, Heli;Tiikkaja, Maria;Halonen, Janne;Mäkinen, Tero;Hietanen, Maila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-82555172173,10.1038/jcbfm.2011.128,GSM mobile phone radiation suppresses brain glucose metabolism,"We investigated the effects of mobile phone radiation on cerebral glucose metabolism using high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) with the 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) tracer. A long half-life (109 minutes) of the 18F isotope allowed a long, natural exposure condition outside the PET scanner. Thirteen young right-handed male subjects were exposed to a pulse-modulated 902.4 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications signal for 33 minutes, while performing a simple visual vigilance task. Temperature was also measured in the head region (forehead, eyes, cheeks, ear canals) during exposure. 18F-deoxyglucose PET images acquired after the exposure showed that relative cerebral metabolic rate of glucose was significantly reduced in the temporoparietal junction and anterior temporal lobe of the right hemisphere ipsilateral to the exposure. Temperature rise was also observed on the exposed side of the head, but the magnitude was very small. The exposure did not affect task performance (reaction time, error rate). Our results show that short-term mobile phone exposure can locally suppress brain energy metabolism in humans. © 2011 ISCBFM All rights reserved.",cellular phone | electromagnetic field | fluorodeoxyglucose | positron emission tomography | radio frequency,Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism,2011-12-01,Article,"Kwon, Myoung Soo;Vorobyev, Victor;Kännälä, Sami;Laine, Matti;Rinne, Juha O.;Toivonen, Tommi;Johansson, Jarkko;Teräs, Mika;Lindholm, Harri;Alanko, Tommi;Hämäläinen, Heikki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-81255201434,10.1109/URSIGASS.2011.6051333,EMF interference detection utilizing the recording feature of cardiac pacemakers,"Electromagnetic (EMF) interference with cardiac pacemakers may occur in various work environments. In the case of interfering external signals, the pacemaker may misinterpret the signal as a heart-related problem and initiate treatment procedures unnecessarily. We evaluated the applicability of the interference recording feature of cardiac pacemakers to identify the interfering sources. The pacemakers were exposed to a wide variety of magnetic fields in a sophisticated exposure setup in which the exposure was controlled by a computer programme. In cases where a pacemaker experienced interference, the time of interference was compared with the magnetic field exposure schedule. The study shows that interference recordings can be linked together with the exposure correctly, and it is possible to differentiate the EMF-induced pacemaker interference from other types of interference. At workplaces, an EMF recorder can be given to a pacemaker patient to wear for a few days, asking to keep a diary of his or her activities. After an appropriate time, the EMF recordings are read and compared with the interrogated pacemaker data. The interference source can be identified by combining the time of interference with the patient's diary activities. © 2011 IEEE.",,"2011 30th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, URSIGASS 2011",2011-11-21,Conference Paper,"Alanko, Tommi;Tiikkaja, Maria;Lindholm, Harri;Hietanen, Maila",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79953149108,10.1080/1350293X.2011.548938,Children's cortisol patterns and the quality of the early learning environment,"The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of early educational quality on children's cortisol levels. It was hypothesised that the environmental stressors might load children's immature stress regulative systems thus affecting their diurnal cortisol levels. The study sample consisted of 146 preschool-aged children. Cortisol was measured during one day across five time points. The quality of learning environment was evaluated with the Learning Environment Assessment, focusing on indicators of psychological, physiological and social safety. The results revealed a typical daily rhythm in cortisol production characterised by higher levels in the morning on waking up followed by a decrease towards the afternoon and evening. In addition, the single early morning cortisol peak and the evening nadir indicated an average established function of the HPA system. However, some children had cortisol pattern indicating clearly atypical HPA-activity. These children were sensitised to the effects of the learning environment. Low quality classroom arrangement and low quality team planning were associated with atypical cortisol patterns and with elevated cortisol levels. © 2011 EECERA.",Early childhood | Quality of learning environment;play | Saliva cortisol | Stress,European Early Childhood Education Research Journal,2011-03-01,Article,"Sajaniemi, Nina;Suhonen, Eira;Kontu, Elina;Rantanen, Pekka;Lindholm, Harri;Hyttinen, D. Sirpa;Hirvonen, Ari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-70849132354,10.1093/occmed/kqp141,High job control enhances vagal recovery in media work,"Background: Job strain has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In modern media work, time pressures, rapidly changing situations, computer work and irregular working hours are common. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been widely used to monitor sympathovagal balance. Autonomic imbalance may play an additive role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Aims: To study the effects of work demands and job control on the autonomic nervous system recovery among the media personnel. Methods: From the cross-sectional postal survey of the employees in Finnish Broadcasting Company (n = 874), three age cohorts (n = 132) were randomly selected for an analysis of HRV in 24 h electrocardiography recordings. Results: In the middle-aged group, those who experienced high job control had significantly better vagal recovery than those with low or moderate control (P < 0.01). Among young and ageing employees, job control did not associate with autonomic recovery. Conclusions: High job control over work rather than low demands seemed to enhance autonomic recovery in middle-aged media workers. This was independent of poor health habits such as smoking, physical inactivity or alcohol consumption. © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine. All rights reserved.",Autonomic nervous system | Media work | Recovery,Occupational Medicine,2009-12-04,Article,"Lindholm, Harri;Sinisalo, Juha;Ahlberg, Jari;Jahkola, Antti;Partinen, Markku;Hublin, Christer;Savolainen, Aslak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,[Respiratory tract symptoms and illnesses in rescue and clearance workers after the World Trade Center catastrophe]. | [Pelastus- ja raivaustyöntekijöiden hengitystieoireet World Trade Centerin katastrofin jälkeen.],,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-67349141352,10.1007/s00125-009-1340-9,Early autonomic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: A reversible disorder?,"Aims/hypothesis: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of early autonomic abnormalities is relatively high compared with the frequency of manifest clinical abnormalities. Thus, early autonomic dysfunction could to some extent be functional and might lead to an organic disease in a subgroup of patients only. If this is true, manoeuvres such as slow deep-breathing, which can improve baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in normal but not in denervated hearts, could also modify autonomic modulation in patients with type 1 diabetes, despite autonomic dysfunction. Methods: We compared 116 type 1 diabetic patients with 36 matched healthy control participants and 12 heart-transplanted participants with surgically denervated hearts. Autonomic function tests and spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability were performed. BRS was estimated by four methods during controlled (15 breaths per minute) and slow deep-breathing (six breaths per minute), and in supine and standing positions. Results: Conventional autonomic function tests were normal, but resting spectral variables and BRS were reduced during normal controlled breathing in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, slow deep-breathing improved BRS in patients with type 1 diabetes, but not in patients with surgically denervated hearts. Standing induced similar reductions in BRS in diabetic and control participants. Conclusions/interpretation: Although we found signs of increased sympathetic activity in patients with type 1 diabetes, we also observed a near normalisation of BRS with a simple functional test, indicating that early autonomic derangements are to a large extent functional and potentially correctable by appropriate interventions. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.",Baroreflex sensitivity | Cardiac autonomic neuropathy | Diabetic neuropathy | Heart rate variability | Hypertension | Type 1 diabetes mellitus,Diabetologia,2009-06-01,Article,"Rosengård-Bärlund, M.;Bernardi, L.;Fagerudd, J.;Mäntysaari, M.;Af Björkesten, C. G.;Lindholm, H.;Forsblom, C.;Wadén, J.;Groop, P. H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84887212362,10.1371/journal.pone.0004589,Sleep restriction increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by augmenting proinflammatory responses through IL-17 and CRP,"Background: Sleep restriction, leading to deprivation of sleep, is common in modern 24-h societies and is associated with the development of health problems including cardiovascular diseases. Our objective was to investigate the immunological effects of prolonged sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep, by simulating a working week and following recovery weekend in a laboratory environment. Methods and Findings: After 2 baseline nights of 8 hours time in bed (TIB), 13 healthy young men had only 4 hours TIB per night for 5 nights, followed by 2 recovery nights with 8 hours TIB. 6 control subjects had 8 hours TIB per night throughout the experiment. Heart rate, blood pressure, salivary cortisol and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured after the baseline (BL), sleep restriction (SR) and recovery (REC) period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected at these time points, counted and stimulated with PHA. Cell proliferation was analyzed by thymidine incorporation and cytokine production by ELISA and RT-PCR. CRP was increased after SR (145% of BL; p < 0.05), and continued to increase after REC (231% of BL; p<0.05). Heart rate was increased after REC (108% of BL; p<0.05). The amount of circulating NK-cells decreased (65% of BL; p<0.005) and the amount of B-cells increased (121% of BL; p<0.005) after SR, but these cell numbers recovered almost completely during REC. Proliferation of stimulated PBMC increased after SR (233% of BL; p<0.05), accompanied by increased production of IL-1β (137% of BL; p<0.05), IL-6 (163% of BL; p<0.05) and IL-17 (138% of BL; p<0.05) at mRNA level. After REC, IL-17 was still increased at the protein level (119% of BL; p<0.05). Conclusions: 5 nights of sleep restriction increased lymphocyte activation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β IL-6 and IL-17; they remained elevated after 2 nights of recovery sleep, accompanied by increased heart rate and serum CRP, 2 important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, long-term sleep restriction may lead to persistent changes in the immune system and the increased production of IL-17 together with CRP may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. © 2009 van Leeuwen et al.",,PLoS ONE,2009-02-25,Article,"van Leeuwen, Wessel M.A.;Lehto, Maili;Karisola, Piia;Lindholm, Harri;Luukkonen, Ritva;Sallinen, Mikael;Härmä, Mikko;Porkka-Heiskanen, Tarja;Alenius, Harri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-43449133565,10.2340/16501977-0172,Perceived disability but not pain is connected with autonomic nervous function among patients with chronic low back pain,"Objective: To assess the association of cardiovascular autonomic balance with perceived functional impairment and pain among patients with chronic lowi back pain. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of working patients with chronic low back pain. Patients: Forty-six consecutive patients aged 24-45 years with chronic low back pain fulfilling the inclusion criteria. A total of 39 subjects had technically acceptable electrocardiographic recordings during periods of rest and standard provocations. Methods: Perceived functional disability was assessed with the Oswestry disability index and pain with a numerical rating scale. Autonomic nervous function was assessed by measuring heart rate variability with short recordings. Results: The total power of heart rate variability was lower among those with moderate perceived disability (Oswestry 20-40%) compared with those with minimal disability (Oswestry <20%). However, heart rate variability did not differ significantly among those with numerical rating scale values ≤5/10 from those with values >5/10. The power of the high-frequency component (0.15-0.4 Hz) of heart rate variability was lower among those with moderate perceived functional impairment. Conclusion: A significant association existed between heart rate variability and perceived physical impairment, but not between heart rate variability and pain. Proportionally reduced high-frequency activity was found to reflect decreased parasympathetic activity or increased: sympathetic activity. This resulted in sympathetic dominance among the patients with higher subjective disability. The possible clinical implications of this observation are discussed. © 2008 The Authors Journal Compilation © 2008 Foundation of Rehabilitation Information.",Autonomic nervous system | Cross-sectional analysis | Disability evaluation | Low back pain,Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,2008-05-01,Article,"Gockel, Maarit;Lindholm, Harri;Niemistö, Leena;Hurri, Heikki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-42149164861,10.1186/1746-160X-4-4,Associations of reported bruxism with insomnia and insufficient sleep symptoms among media personnel with or without irregular shift work,"Background. The aims were to investigate the prevalence of perceived sleep quality and insufficient sleep complaints, and to analyze whether self-reported bruxism was associated with perceptions of sleep, and awake consequences of disturbed sleep, while controlling confounding factors relative to poor sleep. Methods. A standardized questionnaire was mailed to all employees of the Finnish Broadcasting Company with irregular shift work (n = 750) and to an equal number of randomly selected controls in the same company with regular eight-hour daytime work. Results. The response rate in the irregular shift work group was 82.3% (56.6% men) and in the regular daytime work group 34.3% (46.7% men). Self-reported bruxism occurred frequently (often or continually) in 10.6% of all subjects. Altogether 16.8% reported difficulties initiating sleep (DIS), 43.6% disrupted sleep (DS), and 10.3% early morning awakenings (EMA). The corresponding figures for non-restorative sleep (NRS), tiredness, and sleep deprivation (SLD) were 36.2%, 26.1%, and 23.7%, respectively. According to logistic regression, female gender was a significant independent factor for all insomnia symptoms, and older age for DS and EMA. Frequent bruxism was significantly associated with DIS (p = 0.019) and DS (p = 0.021). Dissatisfaction with current work shift schedule and frequent bruxism were both significant independent factors for all variables describing insufficient sleep consequences. Conclusion. Self-reported bruxism may indicate sleep problems and their adherent awake consequences in non-patient populations. © 2008 Ahlberg et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",,Head and Face Medicine,2008-04-21,Article,"Ahlberg, Kristiina;Jahkola, Antti;Savolainen, Aslak;Könönen, Mauno;Partinen, Markku;Hublin, Christer;Sinisalo, Juha;Lindholm, Harri;Sarna, Seppo;Ahlberg, Jari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-42949129131,10.1080/10803548.2008.11076744,Thermal strain in fire fighters while wearing task-fitted versus en 469:2005 protective clothing during a prolonged rescue drill,"Fire fighters are normally overprotected during their working hours because of the tendency to keep the personal protection level sufficiently high in case of the worst possible scenarios. This study investigated the effects of task-fitted protective clothing on thermal strain in fire fighters as compared to EN 469:2005 protective clothing during a prolonged (2 1/2 hrs) job-related rescue drill under neutral and hot climates. The subjects were 23 healthy, physically fit professional male fire fighters aged 26–44 years. Measurements included cardiovascular and thermal responses and subjective assessments. Wearing task-fitted clothing during rescue tasks in a neutral climate considerably reduced total thermal and cardiovascular strain in prolonged rescue work. The fire fighters also perceived physical work as significantly harder on average, and reported more intense subjective discomfort while wearing EN 469:2005 as compared to task-fitted clothing. © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",Cardiovascular strain | Fire fighter | Heart rate variability | Job-related rescue drill | Protective clothing | Thermal strain | Vagal recovery,International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics,2008-01-01,Article,"Ilmarinen, Raija;Mäkinen, Helena;Lindholm, Harri;Punakallio, Anne;Kervinen, Heikki",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-34247183193,10.1111/j.1475-097X.2007.00730.x,Effects of cellular phone use on ear canal temperature measured by NTC thermistors,"The earlier studies using phantom models and human subjects concerning warming effects during cellular phone use have been controversial, partly because radiofrequency (RF) exposures have been variable. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 30 healthy subjects were submitted to 900 MHz (2W) and 1800 MHz (1W) cellular phone RF exposure, and to sham exposure in separate study sessions. Temperature signals were recorded continuously in both ear canals before, during and after the 35-min RF exposure and the 35-min sham exposure sessions. Temperature was measured by using small-sized NTC thermistors placed in the ear canals through disposable ear plugs. The mean temperature changes were determined during a set cardiovascular autonomic function studies: during a 5-min controlled breathing test, during a 5-min spontaneous breathing test, during 7-min head-up tilting, 1-min before, during and after two consecutive Valsalva manoeuvres and during a deep breathing test. Temperatures in the exposed ear were significantly higher during RF exposures compared with sham exposure in both 900 and 1800 MHz studies with maximum differences of 1.2 ± 0.5°C (900 MHz exposure) and 1.3 ± 0.7°C (1800 MHz exposure). Temperatures in the RF-exposed ear were also significantly higher during the postexposure period compared with post-sham exposure period with maximum differences of 0.6 ± 0.3°C for 900 MHz and 0.5 ± 0.5°C for 1800 MHz. The results of this study suggest that RF exposure to a cellular phone, either using 900 or 1800 MHz with their maximal allowed antenna powers, increases the temperature in the ear canal. The reason for the ear canal temperature rising is a consequence of mobile phone battery warming during maximal antenna power use. The earlier published articles do not indicate that temperature rising in the ear canal has any significant contribution from the RF fields emitted from mobile phones. © 2007 The Authors Journal compilation 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Ear canal | GSM | Human | Radiofrequency | Temperature,Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging,2007-05-01,Article,"Tahvanainen, Kari;Niño, Juanita;Halonen, Pirjo;Kuusela, Tom;Alanko, Tommi;Laitinen, Tomi;Länsimies, Esko;Hietanen, Maila;Lindholm, Harri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-31544479783,10.1136/oem.2005.019737,Organisational injustice and impaired cardiovascular regulation among female employees,"Objectives: To examine the relation between perceived organisational justice and cardiovascular reactivity in women. Methods: The participants were 57 women working in long term care homes. Heart rate variability and systolic arterial pressure variability were used as markers of autonomic function. Organisational justice was measured using the scale of Moorman. Data on other risk factors were also collected. Results: Results from logistic regression models showed that the risk for increased low frequency band systolic arterial pressure variability was 3.8-5.8 times higher in employees with low justice than in employees with high justice. Low perceived justice was also related to an 80% excess risk of reduced high frequency heart rate variability compared to high perceived justice, but this association was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cardiac dysregulation is one stress mechanism through which a low perceived justice of decision making procedures and interpersonal treatment increases the risk of health problems in personnel.",,Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2006-02-01,Article,"Elovainio, M.;Kivimäki, M.;Puttonen, S.;Lindholm, H.;Pohjonen, T.;Sinervo, T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-77957033426,10.1016/S1572-347X(05)80026-6,Individual variation in thermal responses of clothed women and men during repeated short-term cold-water immersions,"Sudden immersion in cold water, resulting in a rapid and intense skin temperature drop, initiates physiological stress reactions collectively known as the 'cold shock' response. The aim of the present study was to investigate individual variations in body core and skin temperature responses induced by repeated short-term immersions of clothed subjects in cold water. Four medically screened healthy women aged 25-30 years and four men aged 23-28 years volunteered for the study. Each subject was immersed three times in cold water (4°C) wearing a water-permeable winter combat clothing ensemble weighing about 5.6 kg and which prior to immersion, had a thermal insulation of about 1.7 clo. The immersions took place at the same time of day, at intervals of at least a week. The subjects were continuously monitored by an ECG as a safety precaution. Rectal (Tre) and skin temperatures at 13 sites were also monitored continuously and registered every minute, and mean skin temperature (Tsk) was calculated as a weighted mean. The intra-individual pre-immersion Tre ranged, on different days, from 0.10 to 0.69°C in women and from 0.20 to 0.75°C in men; the Tsk ranged from 0.5 to 2.5°C and from 0.2 to 1.2°C, respectively. No significant individual differences in Tre changes were observed between immersions, which resulted in an average (±SD) Tre drop of only 0.04±0.11°C in women and men. Pre-immersion Tre had no effect on Tsk responses. The average individual pre-immersion Tsk varied between 27.8 and 32.1°C in women, and between 32.8 and 34.1°C in men, whilst the average drop in Tsk was 15.3±1.8°C and 17.5±0.9°C, respectively. The drop in intra-individual Tsk ranged, on different days, from 1.3 to 3.0°C in women and from 0.3 to 1.8°C in men. The body temperature responses of each immersed individual (clothed) were reproducible in short-term repeated cold-water immersions, regardless of the pre-immersion Tre or Tsk. No effects of adaptation were found in body temperature responses. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cold water | Individual variation | Rectal temperature | Short-term immersion | Skin temperature,Elsevier Ergonomics Book Series,2005-12-01,Article,"Ilmarinen, Raija;Rintamäki, Hannu;Lindholm, Harri;Mäkinen, Tero",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-19744378583,10.1136/bmj.38448.603924.AE,"Trends in prevalence of asthma and allergy in Finnish young men: Nationwide study, 1966-2003",,,British Medical Journal,2005-05-21,Article,"Latvala, Jari;Von Hertzen, Leena;Lindholm, Harri;Haahtela, Tari",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4344579481,10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00163.x,Reported bruxism and biopsychosocial symptoms: A longitudinal study,"Objectives and Methods: In this follow-up study of 30-50-year-old employees (n = 211) of the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE), respondents completed questionnaires in both 1999 and 2000 containing items on demographic data, tobacco use, levels of perceived bruxism, affective disturbance, sleep disturbance, somatic symptoms, pain symptoms and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms. Results: Bruxism was significantly more prevalent among smokers (P = 0.005). Age, marital status, and gender were not associated with bruxism. Subjects in the frequent bruxism group (n = 74) reported the TMD-related painless symptoms, affective disturbance and early insomnia significantly more often than average. In the multivariate analyses, clustered pain symptoms (P = 0.001), TMD-related painless symptoms (P = 0.004) and smoking (P = 0.012) were significantly positively associated with frequent bruxism, when the independent effects of age and gender were controlled for. Conclusions: It was concluded that successful management of TMD necessitates smoking cessation, as tobacco use may both amplify the patient's pain response and provoke bruxism. Psychosocial factors and perceived stress should not be ignored, however. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004.",Biopsychosocial | Bruxism | Smoking,Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology,2004-08-01,Article,"Ahlberg, J.;Savolainen, A.;Rantala, M.;Lindholm, H.;Könönen, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-4444243962,10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01312.x,"Perceived stress, pain and work performance among non-patient working personnel with clinical signs of temporomandibular or neck pain","The aim of the present study was to assess the associations between different types of perceived stress, pain and work performance among non-patients with clinical signs of muscle pain in the head/neck region. One-fifth (n = 241) of the 1339 media employees who had participated in a previous survey (Ahlberg J. et al., J Psychosom Res 2002; 53: 1077-1081) were randomly selected for standardized clinical examinations. Altogether 49% (n = 118) of these subjects had clinical signs of temporomandibular and/or neck muscle pain and were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the study sample was 46.9 years (s.d. 6-6) and the female to male distribution 2:1. Of the 118 employees 46.5% reported that the pain problem interfered with their ability to work. Perceived ability to work was not significantly associated with age, gender or work positions. According to logistic regression, reduced work performance was significantly positively associated with continuous pain [odds ratio (OR) 4.38; 95% CI 1.21-15.7], level of perceived pain severity (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.63), and health stress (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.22-3.54). The results of this study indicated an association between specific self-reported stress regarding health and work issues, pain and work performance. From a preventive perspective this indicates a need for increased awareness about these associations on not only individual level but also at the organizational level and in health care.",Neck | Pain | Questionnaire survey | Stress | Temporomandibular | Work performance,Journal of Oral Rehabilitation,2004-08-01,Article,"Suvinen, T. I.;Ahlberg, J.;Rantala, M.;Nissinen, M.;Lindholm, H.;Könönen, M.;Savolainen, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-3843055600,10.1080/00016350410006257,Associations of perceived pain and painless TMD-related symptoms with alexithymia and depressive mood in media personnel with or without irregular shift work,"The aim of the present study was to analyze whether previously emerged pain symptoms and painless temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms are associated with alexithymia and self-rated depression among media personnel in or not in irregular shift work. A standardized questionnaire was mailed to all employees of the Finnish Broadcasting Company in irregular shift work (n = 750) and to an equal number of randomly selected controls in regular 8-h daytime work. The questionnaire covered demographic items, employment details, general health experience, physical status, psychosomatic symptoms, psychosocial status, stress, work satisfaction and performance, and health-care use. Studied age groups, marital status, gender or perceived health were not significantly associated with alexithymia in the bivariate analyses. Most studied painless TMD symptoms associated significantly with alexithymia. Alexithymia was also significantly more prevalent among those who reported having more often than average neck pain (P<0.05), head pain (P<0.05). and tender teeth (P<0.01). According to logistic regression, the probability of alexithymia was significantly positively associated with pain symptoms (P<0.05) and painless TMD-related symptoms (P<0.01), and significantly negatively associated with female gender (P<0.01). Additionally, depressive mood was significantly positively associated with dissatisfaction of one's work-shift schedule (P<0.05), and poorer health experience (P<0.01). Neither alexithymia nor depression was associated with irregular shift work in itself. In conclusion, depressive mood may be a sign of dissatisfaction and impaired well-being. In the case of perhaps less disabling but common physical symptoms alexithymia as a possible underlying factor may be relevant in the diagnosis and management of such disorders.",Logistic regression | Non-patient | Psychosocial | TAS-20 | Work stress,Acta Odontologica Scandinavica,2004-06-01,Article,"Ahlberg, Jari;Nikkilä, Heikki;Könönen, Mauno;Partinen, Markku;Lindholm, Harri;Sarna, Seppo;Savolainen, Aslak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1842855276,10.1111/j.1475-097X.2004.00531.x,Abnormal blood lactate accumulation after exercise in patients with multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions and minor muscular symptoms,"Study objectives: Muscle is one of the most commonly affected organs in mitochondrial disorders, and the symptoms are often exercise related. The cardiopulmonary exercise test with the determination of lactic acid formation could give supplementary information about the exercise-induced metabolic stress and compensatory mechanisms used in these disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exercise capacity and lactate kinetics related to exercise in subjects with two genetically characterized mitochondrial disorders (multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions with PEO, MELAS) compared with lactate kinetics in subjects with metabolic myopathy (McArdle's disease) and in the healthy controls. Design: The subjects were consecutive, co-operative patients of Department of Neurology of Helsinki University Hospital. Molecular genetic analyses were used for group classification of the mitochondrial myopathy. Study subjects: The study groups consisted of 11 patients with multiple deletions (PEO) and five patients with a point mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (MELAS), four patients with a muscle phosphorylase enzyme deficiency (McArdle's disease) and 13 healthy controls. The clinical disease of the patients was relatively mild. Measurements and results: A graded exercise test with ventilatory gas analyses and venous blood lactic acid analyses was performed. The main finding was the prolonged accumulation of blood lactate after the exercise in the PEO and MELAS groups compared with the controls. An overcompensation in ventilation was found in the MELAS and PEO group. Conclusions: The blood lactate accumulation after exercise occurs in patients with multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions or MELAS even in patients with only mild exercise intolerance. Cardiopulmonary exercise can be used in the diagnostic process of patients with mitochondrial myopathies. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",Cardiopulmonary exercise test | Lactate metabolism | Mitochondrial myopathy | Molecular genetics,Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging,2004-01-01,Article,"Lindholm, Harri;Löfberg, Mervi;Somer, Hannu;Näveri, Hannu;Sovijärvi, Anssi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-1442276367,10.1002/bem.10165,Cellular Phone Use Does Not Acutely Affect Blood Pressure or Heart Rate of Humans,"A recent study raised concern about increase of resting blood pressure after a 35 min exposure to the radiofrequency (RF) field emitted by a 900 MHz cellular phone. In this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial, 32 healthy subjects were submitted to 900 MHz (2 W), 1800 MHz (1 W) cellular phone exposure, and to sham exposure in separate sessions. Arterial blood pressure (arm cuff method) and heart rate were measured during and after the 35 min RF and sham exposure sessions. We evaluated cardiovascular responses in terms of blood pressure and heart rate during controlled breathing, spontaneous breathing, head-up tilt table test, Valsalva manoeuvre and deep breathing test. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly during or after the 35 min RF exposures at 900 MHz or 1800 MHz, compared to sham exposure. The results of this study indicate that exposure to a cellular phone, using 900 MHz or 1800 MHz with maximal allowed antenna powers, does not acutely change arterial blood pressure and heart rate. © 2004. Wiley-Liss, Inc.",Blood pressure | GSM | Heart rate | Human | Radiofrequency,Bioelectromagnetics,2004-01-01,Article,"Tahvanainen, Kari;Niño, Juanita;Halonen, Pirjo;Kuusela, Tom;Laitinen, Tomi;Länsimies, Esko;Hartikainen, Juha;Hietanen, Maila;Lindholm, Harri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-16544383890,10.1080/10803548.2004.11076609,Physiological evaluation of chemical protective suit systems (CPSS) in hot conditions,"This job-related experiment investigated physiological strain in subjects wearing impermeable chemical protective suit systems (CPSSs) weighing about 28 kg. Two types of CPSSs were studied: the self-contained breathing apparatus was carried either inside or outside the suit. Eight healthy and physically fit male firefighter instructors aged 32 to 45 years volunteered for the study. The test drill, performed at a dry, windless ta of 40 °C, was divided into 2 consecutive work sessions of 14.5 min (a 20-min rest between) including typical operational work tasks. Considerable thermal and maximal cardiovascular strain and intense subjective discomfort measured in the firefighters emphasize the need to limit working time in hot conditions to only 10–12 min while wearing CPSSs. The present results indicate that the exceptionally heavy physical load and psychological stress during operations in chemical emergencies must be considered in the assessment of the cardiovascular capacity of ageing firefighters using CPSSs. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Chemical protective suit | Hot conditions | Physiological strain,International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics,2004-01-01,Article,"Ilmarinen, Raija;Lindholm, Harri;Koivistoinen, Kari;Helistén, Petteri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0346956973,10.1080/00016350310006753,Reported bruxism and stress experience in media personnel with or without irregular shift work,"A standardized questionnaire was mailed to all employees of the Finnish Broadcasting Company with irregular shift work (n = 750) and to an equal number of randomly selected controls with regular 8-hour daytime work. The aim was to analyze whether irregular shift work, workload in terms of weekly working hours, dissatisfaction with current workshift schedule, health-care use, age and gender were associated with self-reported bruxism and experienced stress. The response rates were 58.3% (n=874, 53.7% men) overall, 82.3% (n=617, 56.6% men) for irregular shift workers and 34.3% (n=257, 46.7% men) for the regular daytime work group. Those with irregular shifts were more often dissatisfied with their current workshift schedule than those in daytime work (25.1% versus 5.1%, P<0.01). Irregular shift work was significantly associated with more frequent stress (P<0.001), but not with self-reported bruxism. Workers dissatisfied with their current schedule reported both bruxism (P<0.01) and stress (P<0.001) more often than those who felt satisfied. In multivariate analyses, frequent bruxism was significantly associated with dissatisfaction with current workshift schedule (P<0.05), number of dental visits (P<0.05), and visits to a physician (P<0.01), and negatively associated with age (P<0.05), while severe stress was significantly positively, associated with number of visits to a physician (P<0.01). It was concluded that dissatisfaction with one's workshift schedule and not merely irregular shift work may aggravate stress and bruxism.",Dissatisfaction | Health care use | Non-patient | Tooth grinding,Acta Odontologica Scandinavica,2003-10-01,Article,"Ahlberg, Kristiina;Ahlberg, Jari;Könönen, Mauno;Partinen, Markku;Lindholm, Harri;Savolainen, Aslak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0141730270,10.1093/occmed/kqg074,Self-reported stress among multiprofessional media personnel,"Background. Recent research shows increasing rates of occupational stress and stress-related disorders. Objective. To study self-reported stress and its association with work (work duty, working hours and shift work), sick leave and gender among multiprofessional media personnel. Methods. We used a questionnaire study among 30- to 55-year-old radio and TV broadcasting employees (n = 1339). Results. Stress was felt 'rather much' by 18% and 'very much' by 6%. Females reported stress (P < 0.05) and absence from work (P < 0.05 more often than males. The probability of having 'rather much' or 'very much' stress was significantly associated with self-reported overtime (P < 0.01) and the amount of reported sick leave (P < 0.05) Conclusion. Self-reported overtime and sick leave appear to be associated with higher level of self-reported stress, regardless of age, gender or work duty.",,Occupational Medicine,2003-09-01,Article,"Ahlberg, Jari;Könönen, Mauno;Rantala, Mikko;Sarna, Seppo;Lindholm, Harri;Nissinen, Maunu;Kaarento, Kari;Savolainen, Aslak",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0041322479,10.1080/00016350310004089,"Temporomandibular joint related painless symptoms, orofacial pain, neck pain, headache, and psychosocial factors among non-patients","The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular joint related (TMJ) painless symptoms, orofacial pain, neck pain, and headache in a Finnish working population and to evaluate the association of the symptoms with psychosocial factors. A self-administered postal questionnaire concerning items on demographic background, employment details, perceived general state of health, medication, psychosocial status, and use of health-care services, was mailed to all employees with at least 5 years at their current job. The questionnaire was completed by 1339 subjects (75%). Frequent (often or continual) TMJ-related painless symptoms were found in 10%, orofacial pain in 7%, neck pain in 39%, and headache in 15% of subjects. Females reported all pain symptoms significantly more often than men (P < 0.001). Frequent pain and TMJ-related symptoms were significantly associated with self-reported stress, depression, and somatization (P < 0.001). Perceived poor general state of health (P < 0.001), health care visits (P < 0.001), overload at work (P < 0.001), life satisfaction (P < 0.05), and work satisfaction (P < 0.05) were also significantly associated with pain symptoms, but the work duty was not (P > 0.05). Our findings are in accordance with earlier studies and confirm the strong relationship between neck pain, headache, orofacial pain, TMJ-related painless symptoms, and psychosocial factors. Furthermore, TMJ-related symptoms and painful conditions seem to be more associated with work-related psychosocial factors than with type of work itself.",Headache | Neck pain | Psychosocial | Temporomandibular disorders | Working population,Acta Odontologica Scandinavica,2003-08-01,Article,"Rantala, Mikko A.I.;Ahlberg, Jari;Suvinen, Tuija I.;Nissinen, Maunu;Lindholm, Harri;Savolainen, Aslak;Könönen, Mauno",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Reported bruxism and stress experience,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0036910880,10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00349-5,Distinct biopsychosocial profiles emerge among nonpatients,"Objectives: The cross-sectional study comprised 30- to 55-year-old permanent employees (N = 1784) of the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE). Methods: The participants (N = 1339, response rate 75%) completed standardised questionnaires covering demographic items, physical health, work performance, stress symptoms, pain and musculoskeletal symptoms, and overall biopsychosocial health. Results: Physical symptoms (present often or continually) were reported by 15%, psychosomatic by 19% and psychosocial by 14%. The intercorrelations between 73 biopsychosocial variables revealed nine factors explaining 54.5% of variance for intrapersonal profiles and four factors explaining 59.2% of variance for interpersonal profiles. The Cronbach alphas for reliability ranged from .76 to .83. Three distinct biopsychosocial cluster profiles were found: Cluster 1 (n = 290, 27%) loaded positively with the somatic and psychosocial variables, Cluster 2 (n = 558, 51%) loaded negatively with the various biopsychosocial symptoms, and Cluster 3 (n = 235, 22%) loaded positively with anxiety. Conclusion: Discriminant function analysis confirmed that this cluster solution correctly classified 95.2% of the subjects in a nonpatient multiprofessional population, which supports the biopsychosocial approach also in work life issues. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.",Biopsychosocial | Health | Stress,Journal of Psychosomatic Research,2002-12-01,Article,"Ahlberg, Jari;Suvinen, T. I.;Rantala, M.;Lindholm, H.;Nikkilä, H.;Savolainen, A.;Nissinen, M.;Kaarento, K.;Sarna, S.;Könönen, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0035041025,10.1016/S0960-8966(00)00205-4,"ATP, phosphocreatine and lactate in exercising muscle in mitochondrial disease and McArdle's disease","We studied exercise-induced changes in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), and lactate levels in the skeletal muscle of mitochondrial patients and patients with McArdle's disease. Needle muscle biopsy specimens for biochemical measurement were obtained before and immediately after maximal short-term bicycle exercise test from 12 patients suffering from autosomal dominant and recessive forms of progressive external ophthalmoplegia and multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA (adPEO, arPEO, respectively), five patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) 3243 A→G point mutation, and four patients with McArdle's disease. Muscle ATP and PCr levels at rest or after exercise did not differ significantly from those of the controls in any patient group. In patients with mitochondrial disease, muscle lactate tended to be lower at rest and increase more during exercise than in controls, the most remarkable rise being measured in patients with adPEO with generalized muscle symptoms and in patients with MELAS point mutation. In McArdle patients, the muscle lactate level decreased during exercise. No correlation was found between the muscle ATP and PCr levels and the respiratory chain enzyme activity. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.",McArdle's disease | MELAS | Mitochondrial disease | Muscle ATP concentration | Muscle lactate concentration | Muscle phosphocreatine concentration | Progressive external ophtalmoplegia,Neuromuscular Disorders,2001-01-01,Article,"Löfberg, Mervi;Lindholm, Harri;Näveri, Hannu;Majander, Anna;Suomalainen, Anu;Paetau, Anders;Sovijärvi, Anssi;Härkönen, Matti;Somer, Hannu",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0034585881,,Measuring the effects of stress on various organs | [Stressin elinvaikutuksien mittaaminen.],,,Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja,2000-01-01,Review,"Lindholm, H.;Gockel, M.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0032730127,10.1046/j.1365-2281.1999.00204.x,"Assessment of intermittent claudication: A comparison of questionnaire, visual analogue scale and subjective estimate information with post-exercise ankle-brachial pressure index","In order to assess two simple methods of evaluation of claudication, a standard questionnaire and visual analogue scale, a comparison was made between them and the post-exercise pressure index used as a gold standard. Fifty-eight consecutive stable claudicants were recruited to the study, 51/58 having arterial insufficiency according to post-exercise pressure measurements. Both methods appeared to correlate rather poorly with post-exercise pressures. Thus visual analogue scale cannot be used alone to assess walking tolerance but as it offers qualitative information it may be used to supplement pressure measurements in the assessment of incapacity caused by intermittent claudication.",Intermittent claudication | Post-exercise ankle brachial pressure index | Subjective estimate | Visual analogue scale,Clinical Physiology,1999-11-01,Article,"Peräkylä, Tarja;Lindholm, Harri;Lepäntalo, Mauri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031861697,10.1046/j.1365-2281.1998.00015.x,Exhaled nitric oxide is increased in patients with asthmatic symptoms not fulfilling the functional criteria of asthma,,,Clinical Physiology,1998-06-26,Conference Paper,"Sovijarvi, A. R.A.;Saarinen, A.;Helin, T.;Malmberg, P.;Haahtela, T.;Lindholm, H.;Laitinen, L. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031932392,10.1055/s-2007-978828,Aerobic endurance exercise or circuit-type resistance training for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance?,"The role of physical activity in the prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is of utmost importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of aerobic endurance exercise and circuit-type resistance training in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Twenty-two individuals participated in the study. Fourteen subjects were enrolled in the aerobic endurance exercise part of the study; seven exercised regularly for six months, while seven served as controls. Maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) was measured and insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT). Eight subjects participated in a circuit-type resistance training program for three months. Insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation were then assessed using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique combined with indirect calorimetry. The aerobic endurance exercise program caused an increase in V̇O2max (21.6 ± 1.9 to 25.4 ± 2.4 ml/kg·min; P < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol (1.14 ± 0.06 to 1.23 ± 0.08 mmol/l; P < 0.05), but no change in insulin sensitivity nor insulin secretion occurred. However, comparing the changes between the intervention and control group, the differences disappeared. Circuit-type resistance training increased insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal) by 23% (p < 0.05), primarily due to a 27% increase in non-oxidative glucose metabolism. Both circuit-type resistance training and aerobic endurance exercise seem to have beneficial effects in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. However, by improving insulin sensitivity, circuit-type resistance training may postpone the manifestations of NIDDM in these high-risk individuals and should therefore be included in an exercise program for IGT subjects.",Endurance exercise | Exercise | Impaired glucose tolerance | Resistance training | Treatment,Hormone and Metabolic Research,1998-01-01,Article,"Eriksson, J.;Tuominen, J.;Valle, T.;Sundberg, S.;Sovijärvi, A.;Lindholm, H.;Tuomilehto, J.;Koivisto, V.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0031833201,10.1046/j.1365-2281.1998.00011.x,Cardiorespiratory responses of patients with mitochondrial myopathies or McArdle disease during a graded exercise test,,,Clinical Physiology,1998-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lindholm, H.;Lofber, M.;Somer, H.;Sovijarvi, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029802334,10.1210/jc.81.12.4258,Physical fitness and endothelial function (nitric oxide synthesis) are independent determinants of insulin-stimulated blood flow in normal subjects,"Insulin induces vasodilation via stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. This action of insulin exhibits considerable interindividual variation. We determined whether the response of blood flow to endothelium- dependent vasoactive agents correlates with that to insulin or whether other factors, such as physical fitness, limb muscularity, or vasodilatory capacity, better explain variations in insulin-stimulated blood flow. Direct measurements of the forearm blood flow response to three 2-h sequential doses of insulin (1, 2, and 5 mU/kg · min), endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasoactive agents, and ischemia (reactive hyperemic forearm blood flow) were performed in 22 normal subjects (age, 24 ± 1 yr; body mass index, 22.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2; maximal aerobic power, 40 ± 2 mL/kg · min). The highest insulin dose increased blood flow by 111 ± 17%. The fraction of basal blood flow inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (NO synthesis- dependent flow) varied from 6-47%. Maximal aerobic power (r = 0.52;P < 0.02), the percentage of forearm muscle (r = 0.50; P < 0.02), and the NO synthesis- dependent flow (r = 0.42; P < 0.05), but not reactive hyperemic, acetylcholine-stimulated, or sodium nitroprusside-stimulated flow, were significantly correlated with insulin-stimulated (5 mU/kg · min) blood flow. In multiple linear regression analysis, 52% of the variation (multiple R = 0.72; P < 0.001) in insulin-stimulated blood flow was explained by NO synthesis-dependent flow (P < 0.005) and the percentage of forearm muscle (P < 0.005). We conclude that endothelial function (NO synthesis-dependent basal blood flow) and forearm muscularity are independent determinants of insulin- stimulated blood flow.",,Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,1996-12-19,Article,"Utriainen, Tapio;Mäkimattila, Sari;Virkamäki, Antti;Lindholm, Harri;Sovijärvi, Anssi;Yki-Järvinen, Hannele",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-10244234073,10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01110.x,Estrogen-related acetaldehyde elevation in women during alcohol intoxication,"Alcohol is more often unpleasant and causes tissue damage more rapidly in women than men. The present study was designed to find out whether acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of alcohol, could play a crucial role in these actions. Special emphasis was focused on the appropriate determination of blood acetaldehyde and hormonal factors. Occurrence of elevated blood acetaldehyde levels during alcohol oxidation was established in both normally cycling women and ones taking oral contraceptives, but not in men. An association between elevated acetaldehyde levels and high estrogen phases was observed in both groups of women. Estrogen-related acetaldehyde elevation is suggested to be the key factor explaining the gender differences of the adverse effects of alcohol.",Acetaldehyde | Alcohol | Estrogen | Oral Contraceptives | Women,Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research,1996-11-05,Article,"Peter Eriksson, C. J.;Fukunaga, Tatsushige;Sarkola, Taisto;Lindholm, Harri;Ahola, Liisa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029894409,10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.5.e905,"Physical fitness, muscle morphology, and insulin-stimulated limb blood flow in normal subjects","The response of limb blood flow to insulin is highly variable even in normal subjects. We examined whether physical fitness or differences in muscle morphology contribute to this variation. Maximal aerobic power, muscle fiber composition and capillarization, and the response of forearm glucose extraction and blood flow to a sequential hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (serum insulin 374 ± 10, 816 ± 23, and 2,768 ± 78 pmol/l) were determined in 16 normal males (age 25 ± 1 yr, body mass index 24 ± 1 kg/m2). Maximal aerobic power correlated positively with the proportion of type I fibers (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) and negatively with the proportion of type IIb fibers (r = - 0.73, P < 0.01). Fiber composition but not blood flow correlated significantly with forearm and whole body glucose uptake. All doses of insulin significantly increased forearm blood flow, maximally by 123 ± 21%. The ratio of capillaries per fiber was significantly correlated with basal and insulin-stimulated blood flow (0.580.76, P < 0.05-0.01). Mean arterial blood pressure and the insulin-induced increase in blood flow were inversely correlated (r = 0.59, P < 0.05). We conclude that variation in glucose extraction is significantly determined by muscle fiber composition, whereas variation in insulin-stimulated blood flow is closely associated with muscle capillarization.",capillaries | glucose uptake | insulin sensitivity | muscle fiber type,American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism,1996-01-01,Article,"Utriainen, T.;Holmang, A.;Bjorntorp, P.;Makimattila, S.;Sovijarvi, A.;Lindholm, H.;Yki-Jarvinen, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029582919,10.1136/bmj.311.7021.1661,Frostbite of the face and ears: Epidemiological study of risk factors in Finnish conscripts,"Objective:To determine the incidence of and the risk factors for local cold injuries of the face and ears in peacetime military service Design:Prospective, controlled epidemiological study using a questionnaire Setting:Finnish defence forces, 1976-89 Subjects:913 young male conscripts with local frostbite of the head that needed medical attention and 2478 uninjured control conscripts Main outcome measures:Type of activity, clothing, and other risk factors at the time of cold injury. Odds ratios were used to calculate risk. Controls were handled as one group. Results:The mean annual incidence of frostbite was 1.8 per 1000 conscripts. Frostbite of the ear was most common (533 conscripts (58%)), followed by frostbite of the nose (197 (22%)) and of the cheeks and other regions of the face (183 (20%)). Most conscripts (803 (88%)) had mild or superficial frostbite. Risk factors included not wearing a hat with earflaps (odds ratio 18.5 for frostbite of the ear); not wearing a scarf (odds ratio 2.1 and 3.8 for frostbite of the ear and cheeks respectively); using protective ointments (odds ratio 3.3, 4.5, and 5.6 for frostbite of the cheeks, ear, and nose respectively); being extremely sensitive to cold and having hands and feet that sweat profusely (odds ratio 3.5 for frostbite of the nose); and being transported in the open or in open vehicles under windy conditions (odds ratio 2.2 for frostbite of the cheek). Conclusion: Wearing warm clothing, including a scarf and a hat with earflaps, helps to prevent frostbite. Each person's sensitivity to cold may also be important. The routine use of protective ointments should not be recommended. © 1995, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved.",,BMJ,1995-12-23,Article,"Lehmuskallio, E.;Lindholm, H.;Koskenvuo, K.;Sarna, S.;Friberg, O.;Viljanen, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029439098,,Neuropsychologic and cardiovascular effects of clemastine fumarate under pressure.,"Allergic rhinitis and mild respiratory infections have been widely accepted as temporary contraindications for fitness to dive. Nonetheless, several sport and professional divers use antihistamines to ease ear, nose, and throat (ENT) problems, especially for opening tubal ostium. Some divers know they are unfit to dive, but for a variety of reasons (e.g., money or short holiday) they try to clear their ears. Thus, the use of antihistaminic drugs (like clemastine fumarate) is common during diving. This double-blind, crossover study indicates that this special antihistamine does not increase the sedative effects of nitrogen narcosis, nor does it increase the level of cardiac arrhythmias. Liberal use of antihistamines while diving cannot be recommended because of possible complications connected with different preparations and the temporary limitations they impose on the diver.",,"Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc",1995-01-01,Article,"Sipinen, S. A.;Kulvik, M.;Leiniö, M.;Viljanen, A.;Lindholm, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0028912596,10.1016/S0266-7681(05)80011-7,Cardiovascular functional disorder and distress among patients with thoracic outlet syndrome,"Cardiovascular functional stability of 11 women with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS; mean age 34.5) and nine female controls (mean age 35.1) was studied using an orthostatic test, a deep breathing test, Valsalva manoeuvre and hand-grip test. The heart rate at rest was significantly higher in TOS patients. The TOS group showed significant accentuation in T wave vacillation in the orthostatic test. The rise in diastolic blood pressure of the TOS group during a hand-grip test was significantly less than that of the control group. TOS patients experienced significantly more distress according to the modified somatic perception questionnaire (MSPQ) than the control group. Pain was correlated with the score of MSPQ, the resting heart rate and increase in diastolic blood pressure in a hand-grip test. The results suggest that TOS patients’ symptoms often reflect a wider disturbance than merely anatomical compression in the thoracic outlet. It seems possible that sympathetic tone is higher in TOS patients than in controls. In addition to possible operative treatment, it may be necessary to provide psychological help, relaxation and endurance training. © 1995, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.",,Journal of Hand Surgery (British and European Volume),1995-01-01,Article,"Gockel, M.;Lindholm, H.;Vastamäki, M.;Lindqvist, A.;Viljanen, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0029011928,10.1136/ard.54.6.494,Cardiovascular functional disorder and stress among patients having neck-shoulder symptoms,"Objectives. To investigate if autonomic nervous system function, reflected in cardiovascular variables, among patients with neck-shoulder symptoms (tension neck group (T)) differed from that in a symptom free control group (C), and to establish its relation with pain and psychological stress. Methods. Twelve women with tension neck and nine controls in secretarial jobs were studied. They underwent an orthostatic test, deep breathing test, Valsalva manoeuvre, isometric handgrip test, and muscular endurance test. Pain was measured using visual analogue scales, and psychological stress by the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ). Plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) was measured using high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Results. Signs of psychological stress were significantly (p < 0.001) more common in group T than in group C. Mean resting heart rate in group T (77.8 (SE 2.9) beats/min; range 64-100) was significantly greater than that in group C (63.8 (3.1) beats/min; range 52-80) (p < 0.01). In the orthostatic test, the overall changes in R-R intervals during the first 40 heart beats after standing up and during seven minutes of testing differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.001, < 0.05, respectively). The increase in diastolic blood pressure in the three minute isometric handgrip test was significantly less in group T (19.4 (3.5) mmHg; range -5 to 35) than in group C (30 (3.4) mm Hg; range 15-50) (p < 0.05). The MSPQ score in the study group (n = 21) correlated positively with resting heart rate (r = 0.462, p < 0.05) and negatively with increase in diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.514, p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of ET-1 did not differ between the groups. Conclusion. Increased sympathetic activity was found among patients having neck-shoulder symptoms. Local mechanisms may have influenced the cardiovascular changes observed during isometric testing in these patients.",,Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases,1995-01-01,Article,"Gockel, M.;Lindholm, H.;Alaranta, H.;Viljanen, A.;Lindquist, A.;Lindholm, T.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0027998946,10.1249/00005768-199408000-00002,Bilateral distal biceps tendon avulsions with use of anabolic steroids,"A case of a young body-builder who had ingested megadoses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) for 6 yr and who sustained bilateral avulsions of the distal biceps tendon is presented. Explosive behavior, painful gynecomastia, and a slight hypertrophy of both the left and right ventricular walls of the heart were other possible adverse effects of AAS in this patient. Reinsertion of both distal biceps tendons to the radial tuberosity was performed according to the Boyd-Anderson technique and a good result was achieved. © 1994 by The American College of Sports Medicine.",Anabolic-androgenic steroids | Bodybuilding | Tendon ruptures,Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,1994-01-01,Article,"Visuri, Tuomo;Lindholm, Harri",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026509442,,Hyperadrenergic circulatory response to gravitation stress in primary fibromyalgia,,,Clinical Physiology,1992-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lindholm, H.;Visuri, T.;Dahlstrom, S.;Viljanen, A.;Lindqvist, A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84988222744,10.1002/art.1790050405,Cardiovascular functional disorder in primary fibromyalgia. A noninvasive study in 17 young men,"Cardiovascular functional stability was studied in 17 young men (20‐year‐old conscripts) with the symptoms of primary fibromyalgia (PF). They were compared to 20 medical students of the same age. The subjects underwent an orthostatic test, deep breathing test, Valsalva maneuver, and a handgrip test. They were evaluated by an autoanamnestic questionnaire on vegetative symptoms and laboratory tests on blood chemistry. The heart rate of the PF group after 8 min of active standing was 32 ± 15 beats/min greater than at supine rest. The corresponding figure for the constrols was 23 ± 7 beats/min (p = 0.001). Twelve conscripts with PF (71%) presented sympathicotonic cardiovascular reaction on the orthostatic test (p < 0.001). Four of these sympathicotonic conscripts and two other conscripts (total 35%) had an abnormal high index of dystonic symptoms (p = 0.01). The results suggest that young men with symptoms of PF have not only cardiovascular dystonic symptoms but also increased sympathetic nervous reactivity of the cardiovascular system. Copyright © 1992 American College of Rheumatology",,Arthritis & Rheumatism,1992-01-01,Article,"Visuri, Tuomo;Lindholm, Harri;Lindqvist, Ari;Dahlström, Seppo;Viljanen, Antti",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0026594628,,Relationship between deep breathing and orthostatic sinus arrhythmia during normal cardiovascular reflex activity and in autonomic failure,,,Clinical Physiology,1992-01-01,Conference Paper,"Lindqvist, A.;Svensson, J.;Turffvit, O.;Lindholm, H.;Viljanen, A.;Silikamaki, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0025296392,,Prevalence of asthma in Finnish young men,"Objective - To determine the prevalence of, asthma in cohorts of Finnish young men in the period 1926-89. Design - A retrospective analysis using reports and statistics of Finnish defence forces. Setting - Call up examinations of candidates for military conscription and examination of conscripts discharged because of poor health. Subjects - Roughly 900000 men - that is, 98% of men of conscription age - examined in 1966-89 and a proportional but unknown number examined in 1926-61. Main outcome measures - Asthma recognised at call up examination, exemption from military service, and discharge from military service because of asthma. Results - During 1926-61 the prevalence of asthma recorded at call up examinations remained steady at between 0·02% and 0·08%. Between 1961 and 1966, however, a continuous, linear rise began, the prevalence increasing from 0·29% in 1966 to 1·79% in 1989 - that is, representing a sixfold increase. Compared with 1961 the rise was 20-fold. From W to 1989 the sum of exemptions and discharges 1966 military service due to asthma increased analogously sixfold. Conclusions - If the apparent increase in asthma detected in Finnish young men was due entirely to improved diagnostic methods and other confounding effects then some 95% of cases must have gone undiagnosed in the years before 1966. This seems inconceivable, which suggests that much of the increase was real. This conclusion is strengthend by the observed rise in exemptions and discharges due to asthma.",,British Medical Journal,1990-08-04,Article,"Haahtela, T.;Lindholm, H.;Björkstén, F.;Koskenvuo, K.;Laitinen, L. A.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-18744417983,,Nephritis among army recruits | [Varusmiesikäisten nefriitit.],,,Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja,1985-12-01,Article,"Pettersson, E.;von Bonsdorff, M.;Törnroth, T.;Lindholm, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-0021687290,,Nephritis among young Finnish men,"During an eight-year period (1975-1982) 174 military conscripts (out of a total of 314,000) were submitted to Helsinki University Central Hospital, Fourth Department of Medicine, on suspicion of renal disease. Eighty-four had isolated hematuria, 61 hematuria and concomitant proteinuria and 29 persistent proteinuria. In 100 of them the urinary abnormality was an incidental finding, 62 suffered from symptoms of infection and the rest had other complaints. A renal biopsy was performed, yielding a representative sample in 171 cases, after other causes of the urinary abnormality had been excluded. Morphological analysis showed that 131 patients had glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy being the most common type (70 patients). Tubulo-interstitial nephritis was seen in two cases, and nephrocalcinosis in one. Among 37 cases with apparently normal glomeruli under light microscopy, immunofluorescence analysis revealed glomerular deposits other than IgA in 19 cases and no deposits in 15 (three were inadequate for this analysis). On the basis of the figures in this study the average number of annually detected cases of nephritis was 48 per 100,000 Finnish conscripts. During the same period an annual average of 46 per 100,000 young men were exempted from military service because of nephritis, giving an overall figure of 94 cases of nephritis detected annually per 100,000 young Finnish men.",,Clinical Nephrology,1984-12-01,Article,"Pettersson, E.;Von Bonsdorff, M.;Tornroth, T.;Lindholm, H.",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85014610838,10.1080/10447318.2017.1294336,Short-Term Physiological Strain and Recovery among Employees Working with Agile and Lean Methods in Software and Embedded ICT Systems,"Agile work practices have become popular. Although they hold great promise regarding well-being at work, systematic scientific research on this connection is scarce. This article aims to capture the current situation by measuring the state of mental workload using physiological indicators and by comparing high and low perceived agile work. Is the agile way of working associated with well-being at work? Three software teams and four embedded development teams were used in the different phases of applying agile methods. We conducted a baseline survey on perceived agile work in the team and carried out physiological measurements three times in a working period. Repeated-measure procedure was used to analyze the effects. The results provide evidence that agile work could even out workload during a working period, i.e. maintain sustainable pace. The results of the low agile work were in line with the assumption that work will accumulate at the end of the period because of loose planning and a lack of frequent checking. Therefore, workers also felt more strain from the pressure of deadlines.",,International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2017-11-02,Article,"Tuomivaara, Seppo;Lindholm, Harri;Känsälä, Marja",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85032200589,10.1109/EMBC.2017.8036810,Pulse arrival time measurement with coffee provocation,"This study investigated the effect of coffee intake in pulse arrival time (PAT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured with electrocardiogram (ECG) from arms and photoplethysmogram (PPG) from fingertip. In addition, correlation of PWV with blood pressure (BP) is analyzed. 30 healthy participants were recruited to two measurement sessions, one arranged before and another one after the coffee intake. During each session, ECG and PPG were measured continuously for six minutes and PAT values calculated from ECG R-peak to the maximum of the first derivative of the PPG pulse. In addition, blood pressure was measured twice during each session with cuff based method. Coffee intake had statistically significant influence on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but not on PAT or PWV. Correlation between systolic blood pressure and PWV was 0.44. Individual calibration, additional derivatives of ECG and PPG such as heart rate, pulse pressure, or waveform characteristics could improve the correlation.",,"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS",2017-09-13,Conference Paper,"Ahmaniemi, Teemu;Rajala, Satu;Lindholm, Harri;Taipalus, Tapio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85032193526,10.1109/EMBC.2017.8036809,Pulse arrival time (PAT) measurement based on arm ECG and finger PPG signals - Comparison of PPG feature detection methods for PAT calculation,"In this study, pulse arrival time (PAT) was measured using a simple measurement setup consisting of arm electrocardiogram (ECG) and finger photoplethysmogram (PPG). Four methods to calculate PAT from the measured signals were evaluated. PAT was calculated as the time delay between ECG R peak and one of the following points in the PPG waveform: peak (maximum value of PPG waveform), foot (minimum value of PPG waveform), dpeak (maximum value of the first derivative of PPG waveform) and ddpeak (maximum value of the second derivative of PPG waveform). In addition to PAT calculation, pulse period (PP) intervals based on the detected features were determined and compared to RR intervals derived from ECG signal. Based on the results obtained here, the most promising method to be used in PAT or PP calculation seems to be the dpeak detection method.",,"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS",2017-09-13,Conference Paper,"Rajala, Satu;Ahmaniemi, Teemu;Lindholm, Harri;Taipalus, Tapio",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Marja Känsälä (scopus),,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85014610838,10.1080/10447318.2017.1294336,Short-Term Physiological Strain and Recovery among Employees Working with Agile and Lean Methods in Software and Embedded ICT Systems,"Agile work practices have become popular. Although they hold great promise regarding well-being at work, systematic scientific research on this connection is scarce. This article aims to capture the current situation by measuring the state of mental workload using physiological indicators and by comparing high and low perceived agile work. Is the agile way of working associated with well-being at work? Three software teams and four embedded development teams were used in the different phases of applying agile methods. We conducted a baseline survey on perceived agile work in the team and carried out physiological measurements three times in a working period. Repeated-measure procedure was used to analyze the effects. The results provide evidence that agile work could even out workload during a working period, i.e. maintain sustainable pace. The results of the low agile work were in line with the assumption that work will accumulate at the end of the period because of loose planning and a lack of frequent checking. Therefore, workers also felt more strain from the pressure of deadlines.",,International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2017-11-02,Article,"Tuomivaara, Seppo;Lindholm, Harri;Känsälä, Marja",Include, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85016084534,10.1080/02678373.2017.1304463,Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis,"Organisations are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of employees in gaining and maintaining competitive advantage. The happy worker–productive worker thesis suggests that workers who experience high levels of well-being also perform well and vice versa; however, organisations need to know how to ensure such happy and productive workers. The present review and meta-analysis identifies workplace resources at the individual, the group, the leader, and the organisational levels that are related to both employee well-being and organisational performance. We examine which types of resources are most important in predicting both employee well-being and performance. We identified 84 quantitative studies published in print and online from 2003 to November 2015. Resources at either of the four levels were related to both employee well-being and performance. We found no significant differences in employee well-being and organisational performance between the four levels of workplace resources, suggesting that interventions may focus on any of these levels. Cross-sectional studies showed stronger relationships with well-being and performance than longitudinal studies. Studies using objective performance ratings provided weaker relationships between resources and performance than self-rated and leader/third-party-rated studies.",Literature review | meta-analysis | performance | resources | well-being,Work and Stress,2017-04-03,Review,"Nielsen, Karina;Nielsen, Morten B.;Ogbonnaya, Chidiebere;Känsälä, Marja;Saari, Eveliina;Isaksson, Kerstin",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84941730139,10.1080/13668803.2015.1057105,The division of domestic work among dual-career and other dual-earner couples in Finland,"This study compares the division of domestic work among dual-career and other dual-earner couples. We examine whether gender attitudes, relative resources and working time explain the differences between dual-career and other dual-earner couples. We define dual-career couples as those in which both spouses are professionals and/or managers. The division of housework is important for these couples because of the intense pressures of work. We hypothesise that domestic work is more equally shared among dual-career couples than among other dual-earner couples. The quantitative analyses are based on the Finnish data from the 2010 European Social Survey (N = 493). The qualitative data consist of 20 Finnish career spouses interviewed in 2005. The quantitative analysis indicates that domestic work is shared the most equally among couples where the woman or both spouses have a career status. Attitudes, resources or working time do not explain this difference entirely. The results support the class culture hypothesis: The division of housework is most equal in homogeneous dual-career couples and least equal in homogeneous no-career couples.",domestic work | dual-earner/career couples | Finland | gender | gender attitudes | mixed methods,"Community, Work and Family",2016-08-07,Article,"Känsälä, Marja;Oinas, Tomi",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-84938547552,10.1080/09585192.2014.985327,Career coordination strategies among dual career expatriate couples,"The combination of two trends common in working life – international work and a dual career situation – is challenging for both genders. In order to cope with the situation, international dual career couples have to be able to coordinate their careers. The purpose of this article is to identify how dual career expatriates view their career coordination strategies with their partners, and how these views differ between the genders. Semi-structured interviews were carried out among 39 expatriates on assignment who had a partner working, at least before the assignment. Our findings identify three career coordination strategies applied by dual career couples, and confirm gender plays an essential role in the formation of those strategies. Male expatriates predominated among the group adopting a hierarchical strategy and female expatriates predominated among the group adopting an egalitarian and a loose coordination strategy. Strategies also seemed prone to change over time. Companies should pay attention to both the career development of the partner and the relationship coping skills of the couple to maximize the chances of dual career expatriate assignments being successful.",career coordination strategy | dual career couple | expatriate | gender | international work | partner,International Journal of Human Resource Management,2015-09-25,Article,"Känsälä, Marja;Mäkelä, Liisa;Suutari, Vesa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-79955694197,10.1108/13527601111126012,The roles of expatriates' spouses among dual career couples,"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify how dual career expatriates view their spouses' roles during international assignments. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 39 interviews were carried out with expatriates who had a working spouse. The interview data were content analysed using replication logic. Findings - The authors' findings indicate that the importance of spousal support increases among dual career couples during international assignments. Expatriates report their spouses as having supporting, flexible, determining, instrumental, restricting and equal partner spousal roles. Originality/value - This study provides in-depth understanding about multiple spousal roles during international assignments among dual career couples and contributes to the previous literature by showing how spousal roles appear in the international context, and by identifying two new spousal roles. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.",Dual-career couples | Expatriates | Spouses,Cross Cultural Management,2011-05-11,Article,"Mäkelä, Liisa;Känsälä, Marja;Suutari, Vesa",Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,"Resource: A literature review on the relationship between resources, employees well-being and performance with specific attention to Nordic issues",,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,,,Do Agile Principles and Practices Support the Well-being at Work of Agile Team Members?,,,,,,,Exclude, -10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106257,2-s2.0-85033595348,10.19154/njwls.v6i3.5529,Organizational Initiatives for Promoting Employee Work-Life Reconciliation Over the Life Course. A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies,"This review aimed to explore the initiatives, interventions, and experiments implemented by employing organizations and designed to support the work-life reconciliation at workplaces, and the effects of these actions on employees' well-being at work. A systematic literature review was conducted on the basis of a search in PsycInfo, ERIC, and the ISI Web of Science database of Social Sciences between January 2000 and May 2015. Those studies were included in which either organizational or individual-level initiatives, interventions, or experiments were implemented by employers at workplaces in order to promote the work-life reconciliation of their employees. Work-life reconciliation was considered to encompass all life domains and all career stages from early to the end of working career. The content analysis of 11 studies showed that effective employer actions focused on working time, care arrangements, and training for supervisors and employees. Flexibility, in terms of both working time and other arrangements provided for employees, and support from supervisors decreased work-family conflict, improved physical health and job satisfaction, and also reduced the number of absence days and turnover intentions. Overall, very few intervention studies exist investigating the effects of employer-induced work-life initiatives. One should particularly note the conditions under which interventions are most successful, since many contextual and individual-level factors influence the effects of organizational initiatives on employee and organizational outcomes.",Employees | Intervention | Organization | Wellbeing | Work-life reconciliation | Workplaces,Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies,2016-09-01,Review,"Ropponen, Annina;Känsälä, Marja;Rantanen, Johanna;Toppinen-Tanner, Salla",Exclude, \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docker-compose-dev.yml b/docker-compose-dev.yml index 6fb50119..e15cc634 100644 --- a/docker-compose-dev.yml +++ b/docker-compose-dev.yml @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ services: image: adminer:5.3.0@sha256:6bc678e77abcd8c7f34133f4903a4be485ec38b17df3d40a845ee56af0fcb32a restart: always ports: - - ${ADMINER_PORT:-8080}:8080 + - 127.0.0.1:${ADMINER_PORT:-8080}:8080 minio: image: minio/minio:latest@sha256:064117214caceaa8d8a90ef7caa58f2b2aeb316b5156afe9ee8da5b4d83e12c8 @@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ services: image: redis:7.4.5-alpine@sha256:0c0142c3cd69bc030ea09fecfa1c1c0c7d0e7d6081be6bb4957804f23d2cf57a container_name: redis_${APP_ENV:-dev} privileged: true + ports: + - "127.0.0.1:6379:6379" volumes: - redis_data:/data diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml index 094c94b8..2066756e 100644 --- a/docker-compose.yml +++ b/docker-compose.yml @@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ services: POSTGRES_USER: your_username POSTGRES_PASSWORD: your_password POSTGRES_DB: your_database_prod + ports: + - 127.0.0.1:5432:5432 volumes: - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data @@ -82,6 +84,8 @@ services: image: redis:7.4.5-alpine@sha256:0c0142c3cd69bc030ea09fecfa1c1c0c7d0e7d6081be6bb4957804f23d2cf57a container_name: redis_prod privileged: true + ports: + - "127.0.0.1:6379:6379" volumes: - redis_data:/data diff --git a/server/src/api/controllers/llm.py b/server/src/api/controllers/llm.py index de91389c..f5d549a8 100644 --- a/server/src/api/controllers/llm.py +++ b/server/src/api/controllers/llm.py @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ async def get_providers() -> list[Provider]: class ProviderConfigParamsResponse(BaseModel): title: str + description: str config_parameters: List[ConfigParameter] @@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ async def get_provider_config_params(): return { provider.provider_name: ProviderConfigParamsResponse( title=provider.provider_title, + description=provider.provider_description, config_parameters=provider.config_parameters, ) for provider in llm_providers diff --git a/server/src/core/llm/providers/mock.py b/server/src/core/llm/providers/mock.py index 91c72828..88eb3424 100644 --- a/server/src/core/llm/providers/mock.py +++ b/server/src/core/llm/providers/mock.py @@ -21,8 +21,16 @@ class MockProviderParams(BaseModel): - delay: int = Field(title="Request duration (ms)", default=1000) - delay_jitter: int = Field(title="Request jitter (ms)", default=500) + delay: int = Field( + title="Request duration (ms)", + description="Duration of the request in milliseconds.", + default=1000, + ) + delay_jitter: int = Field( + title="Request jitter (ms)", + description="Jitter of the request duration, randomly sampled for each LLM request (duration +- jitter)", + default=500, + ) class MockModelParams(BaseLLMParams): diff --git a/server/src/core/llm/providers/openai.py b/server/src/core/llm/providers/openai.py index af4fc354..e0a1e4b7 100644 --- a/server/src/core/llm/providers/openai.py +++ b/server/src/core/llm/providers/openai.py @@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ def __init__( model_parameters_schema = OpenAIModelParams api_key_config_parameter = ConfigParameter( - key="openai_api_key", title="OpenAI API key" + key="openai_api_key", + title="OpenAI API key", + description="The OpenAI API requires an API key for model access.", ) config_parameters = [api_key_config_parameter] diff --git a/server/src/core/llm/providers/openrouter.py b/server/src/core/llm/providers/openrouter.py index 88af6375..bce6d034 100644 --- a/server/src/core/llm/providers/openrouter.py +++ b/server/src/core/llm/providers/openrouter.py @@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ def __init__( model_parameters_schema = OpenRouterModelParams api_key_config_parameter = ConfigParameter( - key="openrouter_api_key", title="OpenRouter API key" + key="openrouter_api_key", + title="OpenRouter API key", + description="OpenRouter API key is used to authenticate requests to the OpenRouter API.", ) config_parameters = [api_key_config_parameter] diff --git a/server/src/core/llm/providers/provider.py b/server/src/core/llm/providers/provider.py index 4406e04f..aa31a869 100644 --- a/server/src/core/llm/providers/provider.py +++ b/server/src/core/llm/providers/provider.py @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class ConfigParameter(BaseModel): key: str title: str + description: Optional[str] = None type: Literal["string", "number", "boolean"] = "string" defaultValue: Optional[Union[str, int, float, bool]] = None secret: bool = True diff --git a/start-dev.bat b/start-dev.bat index db604cc7..4b4000dc 100644 --- a/start-dev.bat +++ b/start-dev.bat @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -set FRONTEND_PORT=3001 -set FLOWER_PORT=5556 -set ADMINER_PORT=8081 +set FRONTEND_PORT=3000 +set FLOWER_PORT=5555 +set ADMINER_PORT=8080 set APP_ENV=dev docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -p dev up --build \ No newline at end of file