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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
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<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="quarto-title-block center">
<h1 class="title">Data Visualisation I</h1>
<p class="subtitle">Fundamentals of Data Science for NHS using R</p>
<div class="quarto-title-authors">
</div>
</section>
<section id="data-visualisation-in-baser" class="slide level2">
<h2>Data Visualisation in baseR</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">hist</span>(data, <span class="at">col =</span> <span class="st">"green"</span>) <span class="co"># data is a vector</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="data-visualisation-in-ggplot2" class="slide level2">
<h2>Data Visualisation in ggplot2</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="sc">|></span> <span class="co"># data is a tibble</span></span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> x)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_histogram</span>(<span class="at">fill =</span> <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="at">col =</span> <span class="st">"black"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Histogram of data"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">theme_minimal</span>(<span class="at">base_size =</span> <span class="dv">16</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section>
<section id="why-should-we-prefer-ggplot2" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Why should we prefer ggplot2?</h1>
</section>
<section id="because" class="slide level2">
<h2>Because</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>Unlike most other graphics packages, ggplot2 has an underlying grammar, based on the Grammar of Graphics, that allows you to compose graphs by combining independent components. This makes ggplot2 powerful. Rather than being limited to sets of pre-defined graphics, you can create novel graphics that are tailored to your specific problem.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Hadley Wickham,</p>
<p><em>ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis</em></p>
</section>
<section id="the-leo-chart" class="slide level2">
<h2>The Leo Chart</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:25%;">
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<p><img data-src="Img\dicaprio-gfs.png"></p>
</div><div class="column" style="width:25%;">
</div>
</div>
<aside><div>
<p>Image Credit <a href="https://github.com/tashapiro/tanya-data-viz/tree/main/dicaprio-gfs">Tanya Shapiro</a></p>
</div></aside></section></section>
<section>
<section id="grammar" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Grammar?</h1>
</section>
<section id="the-grammar-of-graphics-book" class="slide level2">
<h2>The Grammar of Graphics book</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<ul>
<li><p>Theoretical foundation of graphical applications and packages including <strong>ggplot2</strong>.</p></li>
<li><p>Should you read it? Maybe in the future!</p></li>
<li><p>To have an intuition (and other things about ggplot2) watch</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h29g21z0a68&t=6231s">ggplot2 workshop part 1</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0m4yywqNPVY&t=10s">ggplot2 workshop part 2</a></p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="Img\grammar_graphics.jpg"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="learning-resources" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Learning Resources</h1>
</section>
<section id="r-for-data-science" class="slide level2">
<h2>R for Data Science</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://r4ds.hadley.nz/">R for Data Science</a> work-in-progress 2<sup>nd</sup> edition by Hadley Wickham, Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel, Garrett Grolemund.</p></li>
<li><p>This is still the best place where to start also for data visualisation! (see chapters 2 and 10)</p></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="Img/r_for_data_science.jpg"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="r-graphics-cookbook" class="slide level2">
<h2>R Graphics Cookbook</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://r-graphics.org/">R Graphics Cookbook</a> (2e) by Winston Chang.</p></li>
<li><p>A lot of recipes to produce plots!</p></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="Img\r_graphics_cookbook.jpg"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="ggplot2-book" class="slide level2">
<h2>ggplot2 book</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://ggplot2-book.org/">ggplot2</a> (3e) by Hadley Wickham & Danielle Navarro & Thomas Lin Pedersen.</p></li>
<li><p>This is what you should read to fully understand how ggplot2 works.</p></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="Img\ggplot2_book.jpg"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="other-links" class="slide level2">
<h2>Other Links</h2>
<p>Books:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://socviz.co/">Data Visualization - A practical introduction</a> by Kieran Healy</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://rkabacoff.github.io/datavis/">Data Visualization with R</a> by Rob Kabacoff</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Websites:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://r-graph-gallery.com/">The R Graph Gallery</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/">From Data to Viz</a></p></li>
</ul>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="ok-but-i-want-to-draw-plots" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Ok… But I want to draw plots!</h1>
</section>
<section id="exercise-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Exercise 1</h2>
<p>Install and load <code>tidyverse</code> and <code>palmerpenguins</code> in your environment!</p>
</section>
<section id="a-plotting-template" class="slide level2">
<h2>A plotting template</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(dataset, <span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> X, <span class="at">y =</span> X)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_TYPE</span>()</span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># or</span></span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>dataset <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> X, <span class="at">y =</span> X)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_TYPE</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="scatter-plots" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Scatter Plots</h1>
</section>
<section id="exercise-2" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 2</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-7-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-3" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 3</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>shapes</em> for different islands.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-4" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 4</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>shapes</em> for different islands. Increase the size of the points to <code>7</code>. We will keep this size for the rest of the session unless otherwise stated.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-5" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 5</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different islands.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-6" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 6</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different values of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-7" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 7</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>body_mass_g</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different values of the <strong>new</strong> continuous variable obtained from the ratio of <code>bill_length_mm</code> by <code>bill_depth_mm</code>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-8" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 8</h2>
<p>Repeat the previous exercise using the <em>dplyr</em> verb <code>mutate</code> calling the new variable <code>ratio</code>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-9" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 9</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-10" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 10</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Highlight the penguins that belong to the “Chinstrap” species.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-11" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 11</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species, and different <em>shapes</em> for different islands.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-16-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-12" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 12</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-13" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 13</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different penguin sex. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-18-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-14" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 14</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different penguin species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4. Use different facet (panels) for different species.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-19-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-15" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 15</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different penguin sex. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4. Use different facet (panels) for different species.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-20-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-16" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 16</h2>
<p>Find the mean of every group identified by species and sex.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 6 × 4
# Groups: species [3]
species sex bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm
<fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Adelie female 37.3 17.6
2 Adelie male 40.4 19.1
3 Chinstrap female 46.6 17.6
4 Chinstrap male 51.1 19.3
5 Gentoo female 45.6 14.2
6 Gentoo male 49.5 15.7</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="exercise-17" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 17</h2>
<p>Draw a scatter plot using the variable <code>bill_length_mm</code> for the <em>x-axis</em>, and the variable <code>bill_depth_mm</code> on the <em>y-axis</em>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different penguin sex. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4. Use different facet (panels) for different species and different sex.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-22-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section></section>
<section>
<section id="histograms" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Histograms</h1>
</section>
<section id="exercise-18" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 18</h2>
<p>Draw an histogram with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-23-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-19" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 19</h2>
<p>Draw an histogram with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-24-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-20" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 20</h2>
<p>Draw an histogram with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-25-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-21" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 21</h2>
<p>Draw an histogram with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4. Use the option <code>position = "stack"</code>. What changed compared to the previous exercise?</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-26-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-22" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 22</h2>
<p>Draw an histogram with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4. Use the option <code>position = "identity"</code>. What changed compared to the previous exercise?</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-27-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-23" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 23</h2>
<p>Draw an histogram with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4. Use the option <code>position = "identity"</code>. This time use also different colour for the borders of the histogram.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-28-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-24" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 24</h2>
<p>Draw an histogram with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.4. Use the option <code>position = "dodge"</code>. What changed compared to the previous exercise?</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-29-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section></section>
<section>
<section id="density" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Density</h1>
</section>
<section id="exercise-25" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 25</h2>
<p>Draw a density plot with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-30-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-26" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 26</h2>
<p>Draw a density plot with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-31-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-27" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 27</h2>
<p>Draw a density plot with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.6.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-32-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-28" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 28</h2>
<p>Draw a density plot with the distribution of the continuous variable <code>flipper_length_mm</code>. Use different <em>colours</em> for different species. Change <em>opacity</em> to 0.6. Change also the colour of the border of the density plot and change its size.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-33-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section></section>
<section>
<section id="axis" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Axis</h1>
</section>
<section id="exercise-29" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 29</h2>
<p>Reproduce the following plot. Observe the values on the x-axis.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-34-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-30" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 30</h2>
<p>Repeat the previous exercise using the function <code>seq</code>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-35-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="exercise-31" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 31</h2>
<p>Repeat the previous exercise also changing the values on the <em>y-axis</em>.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-36-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section></section>
<section>
<section id="labels" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Labels</h1>
</section>
<section id="exercise-32" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 32</h2>
<p>Reproduce the following plot.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-37-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section></section>
<section>
<section id="fixed-ratio" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Fixed Ratio</h1>
</section>
<section id="exercise-33" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 33</h2>
<p>Change the ratio between x and y axis. Keep the ratio fixed even if you resize the picture.</p>
<img data-src="05_Data_Visualisation_part1_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-38-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section></section>
<section>
<section id="is-data-visualisation-useful" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Is data visualisation useful?</h1>
</section>
<section id="a-new-dataset" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>A New Dataset!</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot"><-</span> anscombe <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_longer</span>(<span class="fu">everything</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">cols_vary =</span> <span class="st">"slowest"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">names_to =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">".value"</span>, <span class="st">"group"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">names_pattern =</span> <span class="st">"(.)(.)"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 44 × 3
group x y
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 1 10 8.04
2 1 8 6.95
3 1 13 7.58
4 1 9 8.81
5 1 11 8.33
6 1 14 9.96
7 1 6 7.24
8 1 4 4.26
9 1 12 10.8
10 1 7 4.82
11 1 5 5.68
12 2 10 9.14
13 2 8 8.14
14 2 13 8.74
15 2 9 8.77
16 2 11 9.26
17 2 14 8.1
18 2 6 6.13
19 2 4 3.1
20 2 12 9.13
21 2 7 7.26
22 2 5 4.74
23 3 10 7.46
24 3 8 6.77
25 3 13 12.7
26 3 9 7.11
27 3 11 7.81
28 3 14 8.84
29 3 6 6.08
30 3 4 5.39
31 3 12 8.15
32 3 7 6.42
33 3 5 5.73
34 4 8 6.58
35 4 8 5.76
36 4 8 7.71
37 4 8 8.84
38 4 8 8.47
39 4 8 7.04
40 4 8 5.25
41 4 19 12.5
42 4 8 5.56
43 4 8 7.91
44 4 8 6.89</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="exercise-34" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 34</h2>
<p>Obtain the following numerical summaries</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 4 × 6
group mean_x var_x mean_y var_y cor_xy
<chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 1 9 11 7.50 4.13 0.816
2 2 9 11 7.50 4.13 0.816
3 3 9 11 7.5 4.12 0.816
4 4 9 11 7.50 4.12 0.817</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="exercise-35" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Exercise 35</h2>
<p>Plot the data using an appropriate technique we have seen today.</p>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="thank-you" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Thank you!</h1>
</section>
<section id="in-the-next-episode" class="slide level2">
<h2>In the next episode</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:70%;">
<p>More Data Visualisation!</p>
</div><div class="column" style="width:30%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="Img/ggplot2.png"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer footer-default">
<p><a href="https://filebb.github.io/NHS_intro_DS/">Fundamentals of Data Science for NHS using R</a> - Day 5</p>
</div>
</section></section>
</div>
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// Flags if we should monitor the hash and change slides accordingly
respondToHashChanges: true,
// Push each slide change to the browser history
history: true,
// Enable keyboard shortcuts for navigation
keyboard: true,
// Enable the slide overview mode
overview: true,
// Disables the default reveal.js slide layout (scaling and centering)
// so that you can use custom CSS layout
disableLayout: false,
// Vertical centering of slides
center: false,
// Enables touch navigation on devices with touch input
touch: true,
// Loop the presentation
loop: false,
// Change the presentation direction to be RTL
rtl: false,
// see https://revealjs.com/vertical-slides/#navigation-mode
navigationMode: 'linear',
// Randomizes the order of slides each time the presentation loads
shuffle: false,
// Turns fragments on and off globally
fragments: true,
// Flags whether to include the current fragment in the URL,
// so that reloading brings you to the same fragment position
fragmentInURL: false,
// Flags if the presentation is running in an embedded mode,
// i.e. contained within a limited portion of the screen
embedded: false,
// Flags if we should show a help overlay when the questionmark
// key is pressed
help: true,
// Flags if it should be possible to pause the presentation (blackout)
pause: true,
// Flags if speaker notes should be visible to all viewers
showNotes: false,
// Global override for autoplaying embedded media (null/true/false)
autoPlayMedia: null,
// Global override for preloading lazy-loaded iframes (null/true/false)
preloadIframes: null,
// Number of milliseconds between automatically proceeding to the
// next slide, disabled when set to 0, this value can be overwritten
// by using a data-autoslide attribute on your slides
autoSlide: 0,