diff --git a/include/world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/along_surface.h b/include/world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/along_surface.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7ab2d90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/along_surface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ Copyright (C) 2018-2026 by the authors of the World Builder code.
+
+ This file is part of the World Builder.
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+ by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see .
+*/
+
+#ifndef WORLD_BUILDER_FEATURES_SUBDUCTING_PLATE_MODELS_VELOCITY_ALONG_SURFACE_H
+#define WORLD_BUILDER_FEATURES_SUBDUCTING_PLATE_MODELS_VELOCITY_ALONG_SURFACE_H
+
+
+#include "world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/interface.h"
+#include "world_builder/features/feature_utilities.h"
+
+
+namespace WorldBuilder
+{
+
+ namespace Features
+ {
+ namespace SubductingPlateModels
+ {
+ namespace Velocity
+ {
+ /**
+ * This class represents a subducting plate and can implement submodules
+ * for velocity and composition. These submodules determine what
+ * the returned velocity or composition of the velocity and composition
+ * functions of this class will be.
+ */
+ class AlongSurface final: public Interface
+ {
+ public:
+ /**
+ * constructor
+ */
+ AlongSurface(WorldBuilder::World *world);
+
+ /**
+ * Destructor
+ */
+ ~AlongSurface() override final;
+
+ /**
+ * declare and read in the world builder file into the parameters class
+ */
+ static
+ void declare_entries(Parameters &prm, const std::string &parent_name = "");
+
+ /**
+ * declare and read in the world builder file into the parameters class
+ */
+ void parse_entries(Parameters &prm) override final;
+
+
+ /**
+ * Returns a velocity based on the given position, depth in the model,
+ * gravity and current velocity.
+ */
+ std::array get_velocity(const Point<3> &position,
+ const double depth,
+ const double gravity,
+ std::array velocity,
+ const double feature_min_depth,
+ const double feature_max_depth,
+ const WorldBuilder::Utilities::PointDistanceFromCurvedPlanes &distance_from_planes,
+ const AdditionalParameters &additional_parameters) const override final;
+
+
+ private:
+ // uniform raw velocity submodule parameters
+ double min_depth;
+ double max_depth;
+ double velocity_magnitude;
+ Operations operation;
+
+ };
+ } // namespace Velocity
+ } // namespace SubductingPlateModels
+ } // namespace Features
+} // namespace WorldBuilder
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/world_builder/utilities.h b/include/world_builder/utilities.h
index 862ef3895..279a1056f 100644
--- a/include/world_builder/utilities.h
+++ b/include/world_builder/utilities.h
@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
fraction_of_segment(NaN::DSNAN),
section(NaN::ISNAN),
segment(NaN::ISNAN),
+ angle(NaN::DSNAN),
average_angle(NaN::DSNAN),
depth_reference_surface(NaN::DSNAN),
closest_trench_point(Point<3>(coordinate_system))
@@ -346,6 +347,13 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
*/
size_t segment;
+ // todo_velo
+ /**
+ * The dip angle of the plane at the location where the
+ * point is projected onto the plane.
+ */
+ double angle;
+
/**
* The average dip angle of the plane at the location where the
* point is projected onto the plane.
diff --git a/source/world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/along_surface.cc b/source/world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/along_surface.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dcb09905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/along_surface.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ Copyright (C) 2018-2026 by the authors of the World Builder code.
+
+ This file is part of the World Builder.
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+ by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see .
+*/
+
+#include "world_builder/features/subducting_plate_models/velocity/along_surface.h"
+
+
+#include "world_builder/nan.h"
+#include "world_builder/types/array.h"
+#include "world_builder/types/double.h"
+#include "world_builder/types/object.h"
+#include "world_builder/utilities.h"
+
+
+namespace WorldBuilder
+{
+
+ using namespace Utilities;
+
+ namespace Features
+ {
+ namespace SubductingPlateModels
+ {
+ namespace Velocity
+ {
+ AlongSurface::AlongSurface(WorldBuilder::World *world_)
+ :
+ min_depth(NaN::DSNAN),
+ max_depth(NaN::DSNAN),
+ velocity_magnitude(NaN::DSNAN),
+ operation(Operations::REPLACE)
+ {
+ this->world = world_;
+ this->name = "along surface";
+ }
+
+ AlongSurface::~AlongSurface()
+ = default;
+
+ void
+ AlongSurface::declare_entries(Parameters &prm, const std::string & /*unused*/)
+ {
+ // Document plugin and require entries if needed.
+ // Add `velocity magnitude` and to the required parameters.
+ prm.declare_entry("", Types::Object({"velocity magnitude"}),
+ "Uniform velocity model. Set the velocity to a constant value.");
+
+ // Declare entries of this plugin
+ prm.declare_entry("min distance slab top", Types::Double(0),
+ "todo The depth in meters from which the composition of this feature is present.");
+
+ prm.declare_entry("max distance slab top", Types::Double(std::numeric_limits::max()),
+ "todo The depth in meters to which the composition of this feature is present.");
+
+ prm.declare_entry("velocity magnitude", Types::Double(0),
+ "The velocity in meter per year");
+
+ }
+
+ void
+ AlongSurface::parse_entries(Parameters &prm)
+ {
+
+ min_depth = prm.get("min distance slab top");
+ max_depth = prm.get("max distance slab top");
+ operation = string_operations_to_enum(prm.get("operation"));
+ velocity_magnitude = prm.get("velocity magnitude");
+ }
+
+
+ std::array
+ AlongSurface::get_velocity(const Point<3> & /*position_in_cartesian_coordinates*/,
+ const double /*depth*/,
+ const double /*gravity*/,
+ std::array velocity_,
+ const double /*feature_min_depth*/,
+ const double /*feature_max_depth*/,
+ const WorldBuilder::Utilities::PointDistanceFromCurvedPlanes &distance_from_plane,
+ const AdditionalParameters & /*additional_parameters*/) const
+ {
+
+ if (distance_from_plane.distance_from_plane <= max_depth && distance_from_plane.distance_from_plane >= min_depth)
+ {
+ const double angle = distance_from_plane.angle;
+
+ const double sign_vx = -1.0; // place holder for modify vx direction
+ const double vx = sign_vx * velocity_magnitude * std::cos(angle);
+ const double vy = 0.0;
+ const double vz = -velocity_magnitude * std::sin(angle);
+
+ return {{
+ apply_operation(operation,velocity_[0],vx),
+ apply_operation(operation,velocity_[1],vy),
+ apply_operation(operation,velocity_[2],vz)
+ }
+ };
+ }
+
+ return velocity_;
+ }
+
+ WB_REGISTER_FEATURE_SUBDUCTING_PLATE_VELOCITY_MODEL(AlongSurface, along surface)
+ } // namespace Velocity
+ } // namespace SubductingPlateModels
+ } // namespace Features
+} // namespace WorldBuilder
+
diff --git a/source/world_builder/utilities.cc b/source/world_builder/utilities.cc
index a31881e4b..7afa6cdd7 100644
--- a/source/world_builder/utilities.cc
+++ b/source/world_builder/utilities.cc
@@ -444,8 +444,10 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
// The 'vertical' fraction, indicates how far in the current segment the
// point on the line is.
double segment_fraction = 0.0;
+ double current_angle = 0.0;
double total_average_angle = 0.0;
double depth_reference_surface = 0.0;
+ double new_check_point_angle = 0.0;
const DepthMethod depth_method = coordinate_system->depth_method();
@@ -856,6 +858,7 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
new_distance = std::numeric_limits::infinity();
new_along_plane_distance = std::numeric_limits::infinity();
new_depth_reference_surface = std::numeric_limits::infinity();
+ // new_check_point_angle = std::numeric_limits::infinity();
}
else
{
@@ -867,6 +870,7 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
new_distance = side_of_line * (check_point_2d - Pb).norm();
new_along_plane_distance = (begin_segment - Pb).norm();
new_depth_reference_surface = start_radius - Pb[1];
+ new_check_point_angle = interpolated_angle_top;
WBAssert(!std::isnan(new_depth_reference_surface),
"new_depth_reference_surface is not a number: " << new_depth_reference_surface << ". "
@@ -1005,6 +1009,7 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
new_along_plane_distance = (radius_angle_circle * check_point_angle - radius_angle_circle * interpolated_angle_top) * (difference_in_angle_along_segment < 0 ? 1 : -1);
// compute the new depth by rotating the begin point to the check point location.
new_depth_reference_surface = start_radius-(sin(check_point_angle + interpolated_angle_top) * BSPC[0] + cos(check_point_angle + interpolated_angle_top) * BSPC[1] + center_circle[1]);
+ new_check_point_angle = check_point_angle;
WBAssert(!std::isnan(new_depth_reference_surface),
"new_depth_reference_surface is not a number: " << new_depth_reference_surface << ". "
@@ -1033,8 +1038,9 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
section_fraction = fraction_CPL_P1P2;
segment = i_segment;
segment_fraction = new_along_plane_distance / interpolated_segment_length;
+ current_angle = 0.5 * (interpolated_angle_top + interpolated_angle_bottom - 2 * add_angle);
total_average_angle = (average_angle * total_length
- + 0.5 * (interpolated_angle_top + interpolated_angle_bottom - 2 * add_angle) * new_along_plane_distance);
+ + current_angle * new_along_plane_distance);
total_average_angle = (std::fabs(total_average_angle) < std::numeric_limits::epsilon() ? 0 : total_average_angle /
(total_length + new_along_plane_distance));
depth_reference_surface = new_depth_reference_surface;
@@ -1059,6 +1065,7 @@ namespace WorldBuilder
return_values.fraction_of_segment = segment_fraction;
return_values.section = section;
return_values.segment = segment;
+ return_values.angle = new_check_point_angle; // current_angle; // add_angle; // total_average_angle; // interpolated_angle_top;
return_values.average_angle = total_average_angle;
return_values.depth_reference_surface = depth_reference_surface;
return_values.closest_trench_point = closest_point_on_line_cartesian;
diff --git a/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.grid b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.grid
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..925611a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.grid
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Grid File for creating vtk files to view in Paraview or Visit
+grid_type = cartesian
+dim = 2
+compositions = 1
+
+# domain of the grid (x and y are the surface, z is vertical with 0 at the bottom)
+x_min = 0e3
+x_max = 3000e3
+z_min = 0e3
+z_max = 1000e3
+
+# grid properties
+n_cell_x = 30
+n_cell_z = 10
diff --git a/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.vtu b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.vtu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b81175e06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.vtu
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
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+
+2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2117.01 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2058.55 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 2001.71 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1946.44 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1872.95 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1892.7 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1825.12 1530.4 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1840.44 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1632.56 1299.49 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1789.62 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1618.02 1031.77 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1740.21 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1690.49 1559.14 896.197 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1692.16 1650.38 1645.43 1645.41 1644.98 1643.01 1636.76 1492.91 1305.94 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 1645.43 293.15 293.15 293.15 293.15 293.15 293.15 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600
+
+
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diff --git a/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.wb b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.wb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a17d6df26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity.wb
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+{
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+ "thermal conductivity": 3.3,
+ "adiabatic heating": true,
+ "ridge coordinates": [
+ [
+ [
+ 0,
+ -500.0
+ ],
+ [
+ 0,
+ 500.0
+ ]
+ ]
+ ],
+ "coupling depth": 50000.0,
+ "taper distance": 100000.0,
+ "min distance slab top": -100000.0,
+ "max distance slab top": 150000.0,
+ "reference model name": "plate model",
+ "spreading velocity": 0.02,
+ "subducting velocity": 0.02
+ }
+ ],
+ "velocity models": [{"model": "along surface", "velocity magnitude": 2.0}]
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.grid b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.grid
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..925611a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.grid
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Grid File for creating vtk files to view in Paraview or Visit
+grid_type = cartesian
+dim = 2
+compositions = 1
+
+# domain of the grid (x and y are the surface, z is vertical with 0 at the bottom)
+x_min = 0e3
+x_max = 3000e3
+z_min = 0e3
+z_max = 1000e3
+
+# grid properties
+n_cell_x = 30
+n_cell_z = 10
diff --git a/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.vtu b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.vtu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80ea09319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.vtu
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
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diff --git a/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.wb b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.wb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..577a671aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gwb-grid/oceanic_subduction_along_surface_velocity_dip.wb
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+ "version":"1.2",
+ "coordinate system":{"model":"cartesian"},
+ "cross section":[[0,450e3],[10e3,450e3]],
+ "features":
+ [
+ {
+ "model":"subducting plate", "name":"Slab", "dip point":[0,0],
+ "coordinates":[[1500e3,1000e3],[1600e3,350e3],[1500e3,0]],
+ "segments":
+ [
+ {"length":300e3, "thickness":[300e3], "top truncation":[-100e3], "angle":[0,60],
+ "composition models":[
+ {"model":"uniform", "compositions":[3], "max distance slab top":50e3},
+ {"model":"uniform", "compositions":[2], "min distance slab top":50e3, "max distance slab top":100e3}]},
+ {"length":1000e3, "thickness":[300e3], "top truncation":[-100e3], "angle":[60]}
+ ],
+ "sections":
+ [
+ {"coordinate":0,
+ "segments":[{"length":300e3, "thickness":[300e3], "top truncation":[-100e3], "angle":[0,60]},
+ {"length":400e3, "thickness":[300e3], "top truncation":[-100e3], "angle":[60]}],
+ "composition models":[{"model":"uniform", "compositions":[1],"max distance slab top":100e3}]}
+ ],
+ "temperature models":[{"model":"mass conserving", "density":3300, "spreading velocity":0.02, "subducting velocity":0.02,
+ "ridge coordinates":[[[5e6,-1],[5e6,2000e3]]],"coupling depth":50e3,
+ "min distance slab top":-200e3, "max distance slab top":300e3}],
+ "composition models":[{"model":"uniform", "compositions":[2], "max distance slab top":100e3}],
+ "velocity models": [{"model":"along surface", "velocity magnitude": 1.0}]
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file