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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<!--
Miniport by HTML5 UP
html5up.net | @ajlkn
Free for personal and commercial use under the CCA 3.0 license (html5up.net/license)
-->
<html>
<head>
<title>Correlation of Temperature and Tourism in Baguio</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/main.css" />
</head>
<body class="is-preload">
<!-- Nav -->
<nav id="nav">
<ul class="container">
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#background">Background</a></li>
<li><a href="#questions">Questions</a></li>
<li><a href="#data">Data</a></li>
<li><a href="#exploration">Exploration</a></li>
<li><a href="#methods">Methods</a></li>
<li><a href="#results">Results</a></li>
<li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li>
<li><a href="#team">Team</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- Home -->
<article id="home" class="wrapper style1">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-4 col-5-large col-12-medium">
<span class="image fit"><img src="images/home.jpg" alt="" /></span>
</div>
<div class="col-8 col-7-large col-12-medium">
<header>
<h1>Hi. We are <strong>PineThree</strong>.</h1>
</header>
<p align = "justify">And this is our project, <strong>Correlation of Temperature and Tourism in Baguio.</strong>
Our main objective is to use Data science techniques in gaining new insights regarding climate change and global warming and form
recommendations to positively impact tourism in Baguio.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<!-- Background -->
<article id="background" class="wrapper style2">
<div class="container">
<header>
<h2>Here's an overview of our project.</h2>
<p align = "justify">One of the effects of climate change and global warming is a change in tourism patterns.
For example, <a href =" https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/europes-sweltering-summer-could-send-tourists-cooler-climes-2023-07-18/">
rising temperatures in Southern Europe could prompt tourists to choose cooler destinations or shift their vacation
to spring or autumn instead of summer</a>. A study entitled <a href = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/19/14138">
“High Temperatures and Tourism: Findings from China”</a> also supports the idea. High temperature influences travel patterns,
making tourists more inclined to seek relief from the heat. The same can be observed locally. Baguio is one of the popular
tourist destinations as it offers a cooler temperature compared to the rest of the country.
</p>
</header>
</article>
<article id="questions" class="wrapper style3">
<div class="container">
<header>
<h2>This led us to ask the following:</h2>
</header>
<div class="row aln-center">
<div class ="Problem">
<div class="col-4 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<section class="box style1">
<span class="icon solid featured fa-question-circle"></span>
<h3>Problems</h3>
<p align="justify"> Is there a correlation between the number of tourists and the average temperature of Baguio?</p>
<p align="justify"> What are the individual trends of the average temperature of Baguio and the number of tourists?</p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="col-4 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<div class ="Hypotheses">
<section class="box style1">
<span class="icon solid featured fa-comment"></span>
<h3>Hypotheses</h3>
<p align="justify"> <strong>Null Hypothesis:</strong> There is no correlation between the temperature and the number of tourists in Baguio. <br>
<br>
<strong>Alternative Hypothesis:</strong> There is a negative correlation between the temperature and the number of tourists in Baguio. <br>
</p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="col-4 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<div class ="Solution">
<section class="box style1">
<span class="icon solid featured fa-thumbs-up"></span>
<h3>Solution</h3>
<p align="justify">We propose making a correlation model as well as a predictive model on the two variables to see their correlation and future trends.
Insights will be gathered from the result to help in forming recommendations regarding climate change and global warming as well
as tourism in Baguio.
</p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<!-- Data -->
<article id="data" class="wrapper style2">
<div class="container">
<header>
<h2>We scraped the web for our data.</h2>
<p>This is done with the help of <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1JFTc71zxcrcs6NbDY-YwQNFyjMGPC0LS?usp=sharing/">Python! </a></p>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-6 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/python logo.webp" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Using Python Libraries</h3>
<p align="justify">We used python libraries such as <a href= "https://pypi.org/project/beautifulsoup4/">BeautifulSoup</a> for retrieving HTML content
and <a href="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/">Selenium</a> for importing the webdriver module in automation.
</p>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/chromedriver.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromedriver"><u>Using Chromedriver</u></a></h3>
<p align="justify">We simulated accessing of the Weather Underground dataset using Chrome browser. All the information
from the dataset were collected such as daily temperature, humidity, pressure, dew point, wind speed, and precipitation.
</p>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/download.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Tourism Dataset</h3>
<p align="justify">For the number of tourists, this is simply accessed from the <a href= "https://www.foi.gov.ph/requests/baguio-tourism-statistics/">
Freedom of Information Philippines website</a>.
The dataset also has other information such as length of stay, occupancy details, and so on.
</p>
<br>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/curation2.webp" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Data Curation</h3>
<p align="justify">The irrelevant variables have been removed from the complete dataset. This is done manually via the editing of
the spreadsheets generated by the data collection. The other variables for the weather data are kept in the daily spreadsheet
in the case that it is needed in the future. The other data regarding occupancy details is saved on our group drive should we
need it in the future.
</p>
</article>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1N_KNyPJcMDduU2aEcVK9iccluSErpq_4IvYvkVVYHWc/edit?usp=sharing"
class="button large scrolly">Let's take a look at our data</a>
</footer>
</div>
</article>
<!-- Data -->
<article id="exploration" class="wrapper style3">
<div class="container">
<header>
<h2>We explored our data using a <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/10_6aua-DNDPDb5up9ihOE_bY0oxEcvA1?usp=sharing"><u>Jupyter Notebook</u></a>!</h2>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-4 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/preprocessing.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Preprocessing</h3>
<p align="justify">We used some preprocessing techniques such as normalization and standardization.
</p>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-4 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/Visualization.PNG" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Visualization</h3>
<p align="justify">We used seaborn and matplotlib to generate plots about the relationships of our data.</p>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-4 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/hypothesis.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Hypothesis Testing</h3>
<p align="justify">We used cross-correlational analysis via <a href=https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1dsqbK1rvTFmssKOv5uZbVF3mXPJnwsgD?usp=sharing">Python</a>
to confirm the initial findings from the correlation matrix.</p>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<!-- Methods -->
<article id="methods" class="wrapper style2">
<div class="container">
<header>
<h2>Let's talk about our data science methodology.</h2>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a href="#" class="image featured"><img src="images/Data Modeling 2.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Data Modeling</h3>
<p align="justify">We created a time series model using <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Y_Copg59DGuOQVcSZRPxpeZRUfijtXeK">SARIMA</a> to forecast the
number of tourists in the upcoming years. According to the prediction of the model,
there is a slow increase in the number of tourists during peak season. However,
further testing and validation should be conducted to improve the accuracy of the model.
One of the difficulties enocuntered was making the data stationary for SARIMA due to the
presence of trends and outliers (ex. pandemic decline). Better handling of this can increase
model performance. Lastly, hyperparameter tuning techniques such as grid search may
also help improve performance.</p>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<!-- Results -->
<article id="results" class="wrapper style3">
<div class="container">
<header>
<h2>Here's what we found out.</h2>
<p><strong>Is there a correlation between the number of tourists and the average temperature of Baguio?</strong></p>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-7 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/[PLOT] EDA Discussion 1 - Correlation.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Average Plots</h3>
<p align="justify">By plotting both the average monthly temperature and the monthly number of tourists
in Baguio, the seasonality in both variables becomes more apparent. However, there
appears to be no consistent relationship between them which is further supported by
the correlation matrix on the right. At times, tourist peaks align with the lowest
temperatures, while at other times, they coincide with the highest temperatures.
A possible interpretation of this is that the number of tourists in Baguio is high
during the summer when the temperature is at its highest.</p>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-5 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/[PLOT] EDA Discussion 1.1 - Correlation Matrix.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Correlation Matrix</h3>
<p align= "justify">Given the correlation matrix, there is a correlation of -0.09 between the temperature
and the number of tourists in Baguio. This value denotes a very weak negative
correlation.</p>
</article>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<p align = "center">
Thus, as verified by our <a href="#exploration">hypothesis testing</a>, there is no correlation
between the temperature of Baguio and the number of tourists.
</p>
<header>
<p>
<strong>What are the individual trends of the average monthly
temperature of Baguio and the number of tourists?</strong>
</p>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/[PLOT] EDA Discussion 2 - Temperature.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Temperature Plot</h3>
<p align="justify">As seen in the plot, the average monthly temperature in Baguio exhibits
seasonality, with the yearly minimum during the start/end of the year and the yearly
maximum around the second quarter of the year. This is expected as it is the hottest
during the summer season and the coldest around December. </p>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a class="image featured"><img src="images/[PLOT] EDA Discussion 3 - No of Tourists.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Number of Tourists Plot</h3>
<p align= "justify">As seen in the plot, the number of tourists exhibits seasonality,
with it peaking during the start of the second quarter (summer) and towards the
end of the year (“Ber-months”). Furthermore, there was also a steady increase
in the number of tourists each year up until the decline in 2020 due to the
pandemic. The number however is steadily rising after 2021, exhibiting a
recovery from the pandemic decline.</p>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<!-- Conclusion -->
<article id="conclusion" class="wrapper style2">
<div class="container">
<header>
<h2>What do these results say?</h2>
<p align="justify">There is no strong correlation between the temperature in Baguio and the number of tourists.
However, the number of tourists exhibits seasonality, with it peaking around the end/start
of a year. There is also a steady increase in the number of tourists pre/post-pandemic. As for the temperature, there are no significant changes which must be
maintained. </p>
<br>
<br>
<h3>
Given this, our group gives the following recommendations:
</h3>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-6 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a href="#" class="image featured"><img src="images/temperature clipart.png" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Recommendation #1</h3>
<p align="justify">For further studies, the difference between the temperature in Baguio
and other regions in the Philippines can be used instead of the temperature in Baguio
itself. Doing so may better encapsulate the phenomenon of people choosing to go to
cooler destinations to escape the heat.</p>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-6-medium col-12-small">
<article class="box style2">
<a href="#" class="image featured"><img src="images/conservation.jpg" alt="" /></a>
<h3>Recommendation #2</h3>
<p align="justify">Given the steady increase of tourists in Baguio, it is important that its
local government ensures the protection of the environment amidst the growth
in tourism through effective policies. An example is conducting rehabilitation
projects during non-peak seasons. After all, good environmental conditions are
beneficial in attracting tourists. </p>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<!-- Team -->
<article id="team" class="wrapper style4">
<div class="container medium">
<header>
<h2>We'd like to hear from you.</h2>
<img src="images/Geri.jpg" alt="Geri" class="avatar">
<br>
<div class="container">
<h2>Gerimiah Juganas</h2>
<p>Rainbow greetings! I am Geri, a 4th year BS Computer Science student from UP Diliman. As someone who enjoys continuously learning and figuring out why and how things work, I hope to become a data scientist in the future. I also enjoy UI/UX design.</p>
<p>Aside from being a woman in CS, I am also a queer advocate. I devote my time away from academics to work for programs that help serve the LGBTQ+ community. I hope to one day be able to apply my learnings in the CS field to my advocacy.</p>
<p><button onclick="window.location.href='https://www.facebook.com/geri.juganas';"class="button">Contact</button></p>
</div>
<img src="images/Luigi.jpg" alt="Luigi" class="avatar">
<br>
<div class="container">
<h2>Mark Luigi M. Cumabig</h2>
<p>Hello!!! I am igi, and I am a 4th year BS Computer Science student from UP Diliman. My interests in the field of CS include data science, machine learning, and software engineering. I plan to become a data analyst in the future.</p>
<p>My hobbies/interests outside CS include Dota 2, Pokemon, and running (away from my responsibilities, jk). Thank you for your interest in our project and I hope you enjoy reading our portfolio =). </p>
<p><button onclick="window.location.href='https://www.facebook.com/luigi.cumabig';"class="button">Contact</button></p>
</div>
<img src="images/Jim.jpg" alt="Jim" class="avatar">
<br>
<div class="container">
<h2>Jim M. Oscares</h2>
<p>Hello!!! I am Jim, and I am a 4th year BS Computer Science student from UP Diliman. I am currently working as a developer for an MMORPG called Dekaron Rising. I also moderate the forums for the game.</p>
<p>My hobbies outside CS are mostly gaming but I am also a speedcuber (speedsolving rubik's cubes). </p>
<p><button onclick="window.location.href='https://www.facebook.com/jimoscares.14';"class="button">Contact</button></p>
</div>
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