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23-Software-Design-Patterns-Every-Programmer-Should-Know

23 Software Design Patterns Every Programmer Should Know, Published by Packt

Setting up your development environment

C++

Setting up C++ Locally

To write and run C++ code locally, you'll need to set up a few tools on your computer. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Install a C++ Compiler

A C++ compiler is necessary to translate your C++ code into machine code that your computer can execute. There are several compilers available, but here are a few popular ones:

  • GCC (GNU Compiler Collection): Available for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • Clang: Available for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • Microsoft Visual Studio: Available for Windows.

For this example, we'll use GCC.

Installing GCC on Windows

  1. Download the MinGW installer from the official website: https://www.mingw.org/
  2. Run the installer and follow the prompts to install MinGW.
  3. Add the MinGW bin directory to your system's PATH environment variable.

Installing GCC on macOS (using Homebrew)

  1. Install Homebrew if you haven't already: https://brew.sh/ 1.1. Install C++ Std library as well (brew install libstdc++)
  2. Run the following command in your terminal: brew install gcc

Installing GCC on Linux

GCC is usually pre-installed on Linux distributions. If it's not installed, you can use your distribution's package manager to install it. For example, on Ubuntu or Debian, you can run: sudo apt-get install gcc

Install a Text Editor or IDE

A text editor or Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is where you'll write your C++ code. Some popular choices include:

  • Visual Studio Code: A lightweight, open-source code editor with C++ support.
  • Sublime Text: A feature-rich, commercial text editor with C++ support.
  • CLion: A commercial IDE specifically designed for C++ development.

For this example, we'll use Visual Studio Code.

Installing Visual Studio Code

  1. Download the Visual Studio Code installer from the official website: https://code.visualstudio.com/
  2. Run the installer and follow the prompts to install Visual Studio Code.

Write and Run Your First C++ Program

Now that you have a C++ compiler and a text editor or IDE, let's write and run a simple C++ program.

Create a new file called hello.cpp and add the following code:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Save the file and navigate to the directory containing the file in your terminal or command prompt.

Compile the program using the following command:

gcc -lstdc++  -std=c++14 hello.cpp -o hello.o

This will create an executable file called hello in the same directory.

Run the program using the following command:

./hello

You should see the output:

Hello, World!

Congratulations! You've successfully set up C++ locally and written and run your first C++ program.

Additional Tips and Resources

  • Use a code formatter like clang-format to keep your code organized and readable.
  • Learn about C++ best practices and coding standards.
  • Explore online resources like tutorials, documentation, and forums to improve your C++ skills.
  • Consider using a build system like cmake or meson to manage larger projects.

Running C++ online

Sites like the following can be used, if you want to run the code quickly and have no need to run locally: https://onecompiler.com/cpp

Kotlin

Setting up Kotlin Locally

To set up a Kotlin development environment locally, you can follow these steps:

Step 1: Install JDK

Kotlin requires the Java Development Kit (JDK) to be installed on your system. You can download and install the JDK from the official Oracle website.

Step 2: Install IntelliJ IDEA or Android Studio

IntelliJ IDEA and Android Studio are popular integrated development environments (IDEs) that support Kotlin development. You can download and install either of these IDEs from their official websites.

Step 3: Install the Kotlin Plugin

Once you have installed IntelliJ IDEA or Android Studio, you need to install the Kotlin plugin. The plugin provides syntax highlighting, code completion, and other features that make it easier to develop Kotlin applications.

Step 4: Create a New Kotlin Project

After installing the Kotlin plugin, create a new Kotlin project in IntelliJ IDEA or Android Studio. Choose the "Kotlin" option when creating the project, and select the desired project template.

Step 5: Write Your First Kotlin Program

Create a new Kotlin file in your project and write your first Kotlin program. You can start with a simple "Hello, World!" program:

fun main() {
    println("Hello, World!")
}

Run the program using the "Run" button or by pressing Shift+F10. You should see the output "Hello, World!" in the console.

That's it! You've successfully set up a Kotlin development environment and written your first Kotlin program.

Run Kotlin in terminal

You can run Kotlin code in the Mac command prompt using the kotlinc compiler and the java runtime.

Here are the steps:

  1. Install the Kotlin compiler:
brew install kotlin
  1. Create a new Kotlin file (e.g., hello.kt) with the following content:
fun main() {
    println("Hello, World!")
}
  1. Compile the Kotlin file using the kotlinc compiler:
kotlinc hello.kt -include-runtime -d hello.jar

This will compile the Kotlin file and create a JAR file named hello.jar.

  1. Run the JAR file using the java command:
java -jar hello.jar

This should print "Hello, World!" to the console.

Note: Make sure you have the JDK installed on your system and that the java and kotlinc commands are available in your terminal.

Running Kotlin online

Sites like the following can be used, if you want to run the code quickly and have no need to run locally: https://onecompiler.com/kotlin

Python

Setting up Python Locally

Here's a step-by-step guide to setting up Python on your local computer:

For Windows:

  1. Download the Python installer: Go to the official Python download page and download the latest version of Python for Windows.
  2. Run the installer: Run the downloaded installer and follow the prompts to install Python.
  3. Add Python to your PATH: During the installation process, make sure to select the option to add Python to your system's PATH.
  4. Verify the installation: Open a command prompt or PowerShell and type python --version to verify that Python is installed correctly.

For macOS (using Homebrew):

  1. Install Homebrew: If you haven't already, install Homebrew by following the instructions on the Homebrew website.
  2. Install Python: Use Homebrew to install Python by running the following command:
brew install python
  1. Add path: Type the following command and press Enter:
becho 'export PATH="/usr/bin/python3:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_rc

Add the following line at the end of ~/.bashrc

alias python='python3'

Reload the ~/.bashrc file by typing:

source ~/.bash_rc
  1. Verify the installation: Open a terminal and type python --version to verify that Python is installed correctly.

For Linux:

  1. Update the package list: Update the package list by running the following command:
sudo apt update
  1. Install Python: Install Python by running the following command:
sudo apt install python3
  1. Verify the installation: Open a terminal and type python3 --version to verify that Python is installed correctly.

Note: The above commands are for Ubuntu-based systems. For other Linux distributions, the package manager and commands may vary.

Run Python in terminal

  1. Create a new Python file (e.g., hello.py) with the following content:
print("Hello, World!")
  1. Run the Python script using the python command followed by the script name. For example::
python hello.py

This should print "Hello, World!" to the console.

Running Python online

Sites like the following can be used, if you want to run the code quickly and have no need to run locally: https://onecompiler.com/python

Swift

Setting up Swift Locally

To install and run Swift code locally, you'll need to have Xcode installed on your Mac. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Step 1: Install Xcode

If you haven't already, download and install Xcode from the Mac App Store.

Step 2: Create a new Swift project

Launch Xcode and create a new project by selecting "File" > "New" > "Project..." from the menu bar. Choose the "Command Line Tool" template under the "macOS" section and click "Next". Name your project (e.g., "HelloWorld") and choose a location to save it.

Step 3: Write your first Swift code

In the Xcode project navigator, open the main.swift file and replace its contents with your own Swift code. For example:

print("Hello, World!")

Step 4: Run your Swift code

To run your Swift code, click the "Product" menu in the top bar and select "Run" or press Cmd + R. You should see the output of your program in the console.

That's it! You've successfully set up a Swift development environment on your Mac and written your first Swift program.

Run Swift in terminal

To run Swift code locally in the Mac Terminal, you can use the swift command followed by the name of your Swift file. Here's an example:

Step 1: Create a new Swift file

Open a text editor (e.g., TextEdit, Sublime Text, or Visual Studio Code) and create a new file with a .swift extension (e.g., hello.swift).

Step 2: Write your Swift code

In the hellow.swift file, write your Swift code:

print("Hello, World!")

Step 3: Open the Terminal app

Open the Terminal app on your Mac.

Step 4: Navigate to the directory

Navigate to the directory where your hello.swift file is located

Step 5: Compile and run the Swift code

Compile and run the Swift code using the following commands:

swiftc hello.swift -o hello.o
./hello.o

The first command compiles the HelloWorld.swift file into an executable file named HelloWorld. The second command runs the executable file.

You should see the output "Hello, World!" printed to the console.

Running Swift online

Sites like the following can be used, if you want to run the code quickly and have no need to run locally: https://onecompiler.com/swift

TypeScript

Setting up TypeScript Locally

To install and run TypeScript locally, you can follow these steps:

Step 1: Install Node.js

If you haven't already, download and install Node.js from the official website.

Step 2: Install TypeScript

Open a terminal or command prompt and run the following command to install TypeScript globally:

npm install -g typescript

This will install the TypeScript compiler and other related tools on your system.

Step 3: Create a new TypeScript project

Create a new directory for your project and navigate into it in the terminal or command prompt. Then, create a new file called hello.ts and add some TypeScript code to it:

console.log("Hello, World!");

Step 4: Compile and run the TypeScript code

To compile and run the TypeScript code, navigate to the project directory in the terminal or command prompt and run the following commands:

tsc hello.ts
node hello.js

The first command compiles the hello.ts file into JavaScript using the TypeScript compiler (tsc). The second command runs the compiled JavaScript code using Node.js.

You should see the output "Hello, World!" printed to the console.

Running TypeScript online

Sites like the following can be used, if you want to run the code quickly and have no need to run locally: https://onecompiler.com/typescript