Add BasisTranslator function to the C API

[mtreinish]

What should we add?

Right now the BasisTranslator is written primarily in Rust but still has some dependency on Python. We need to have an implementation that doesn't rely on Python when being called from the C API and then add a standalone function to the C API as described in #14245.

Pre-requisites:

• Oxidize ParameterExpression #13267
• Move source of truth for QuantumCircuit classical variables and stretches to Rust in CircuitData #14299
• Add a rust-native substitute_node_with_dag #14512
• Move the StandardEquivalenceLibrary definition to Rust #14812

Current work

• Add public, py-less, substitute_node_with_dag to DAGCircuit #14766
• Remove Python dependency from EquivalenceLibrary #14823
• Move generation of Standard EquivalenceLibrary to Rust #14836
• Make BasisTranslator rust-native. #14659
• C API: Burn BasisTranslator #14874