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Add experimental, opt-in component caching #9069

Job	Run time
Test compatibility with Primer ViewComponents (main)	1m 37s
benchmark	1m 35s
test (Rails main_head, Ruby head)	58s
test (Rails 7.2, Ruby 3.3)	40s
test (Rails 8.0, Ruby 3.4)	44s
test (Rails main, Ruby 4.0)	40s
test (Rails 8.1, Ruby 4.0)	36s
test (Rails 7.1, Ruby 3.2)	58s
coverage	-1s
	7m 47s