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Add experimental, opt-in component caching #9073

Job	Run time
benchmark	1m 31s
Test compatibility with Primer ViewComponents (main)	1m 36s
test (Rails main_head, Ruby head)	49s
test (Rails 7.2, Ruby 3.3)	48s
test (Rails 7.1, Ruby 3.2)	44s
test (Rails 8.1, Ruby 4.0)	40s
test (Rails 8.0, Ruby 3.4)	44s
test (Rails main, Ruby 4.0)	39s
coverage	17s
	7m 48s