diff --git a/schema/v1/devspace.schema.json b/schema/v1/devspace.schema.json
index e7c18466..944d570a 100644
--- a/schema/v1/devspace.schema.json
+++ b/schema/v1/devspace.schema.json
@@ -192,6 +192,21 @@
               "effort": {
                 "type": "string",
                 "minLength": 1
+              },
+              "command": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "minLength": 1,
+                "pattern": "\\S"
+              },
+              "env": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "propertyNames": {
+                  "type": "string",
+                  "pattern": "^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$"
+                },
+                "additionalProperties": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
               }
             },
             "required": [
diff --git a/src/cli.ts b/src/cli.ts
index 27e7976c..85e3ae3d 100644
--- a/src/cli.ts
+++ b/src/cli.ts
@@ -211,7 +211,10 @@ async function runInit({ force }: { force: boolean }): Promise<void> {
     }
 
     const currentSubagents = files.config.subagents;
-    const availability = getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot();
+    const availability = getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(
+      process.env,
+      currentSubagents,
+    );
     const configuredProviders = currentSubagents.providers
       .filter((provider) => provider.enabled)
       .map((provider) => provider.id);
@@ -361,7 +364,7 @@ async function runDoctor(): Promise<void> {
     console.log(`Allowed hosts: ${config.allowedHosts.join(", ")}`);
     const providers = buildLocalAgentProviderStatuses(
       config.subagents,
-      getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(),
+      getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(process.env, config.subagents),
     );
     console.log(`Subagents: ${config.subagents.enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled"}`);
     console.log(`Subagent providers: ${formatLocalAgentProviderStatusSummary(providers)}`);
@@ -486,7 +489,7 @@ async function runAgentsTargets(args: string[], json: boolean): Promise<void> {
   const profiles = await loadLocalAgentProfiles(config, scope.workspaceRoot);
   const providers = buildLocalAgentProviderStatuses(
     config.subagents,
-    getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(),
+    getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(process.env, config.subagents),
   );
   const catalog = buildLocalAgentCatalog(config.subagents, profiles, providers);
   const output = presentAgentTargetCatalog(catalog);
diff --git a/src/local-agent-adapters.ts b/src/local-agent-adapters.ts
index 03a5cc40..d3b7b815 100644
--- a/src/local-agent-adapters.ts
+++ b/src/local-agent-adapters.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+import {
+  localAgentProviderEnvironment,
+  type SubagentsConfig,
+} from "./local-agent-config.js";
+import type { LocalAgentProvider } from "./local-agent-profiles.js";
 import {
   AcpLocalAgentDriver,
   resolveAcpCommand,
@@ -27,6 +32,7 @@ export type LocalAgentAdapter = LocalAgentDriver;
 
 export interface LocalAgentDriverOptions {
   env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
+  subagents?: SubagentsConfig;
   claudeQueryFactory?: ClaudeQueryFactory;
   opencodeFactory?: OpencodeFactory;
   piSessionFactory?: PiSessionFactory;
@@ -35,14 +41,18 @@ export interface LocalAgentDriverOptions {
 export function createLocalAgentDrivers(
   options: LocalAgentDriverOptions = {},
 ): LocalAgentDriver[] {
+  const env = options.env ?? process.env;
+  const providerEnv = (provider: LocalAgentProvider) => options.subagents
+    ? localAgentProviderEnvironment(options.subagents, provider, env)
+    : env;
   return [
-    new CodexLocalAgentDriver(options.env),
-    new ClaudeLocalAgentDriver(options.claudeQueryFactory, options.env),
+    new CodexLocalAgentDriver(providerEnv("codex")),
+    new ClaudeLocalAgentDriver(options.claudeQueryFactory, providerEnv("claude")),
     new OpencodeLocalAgentDriver(options.opencodeFactory),
     new PiLocalAgentDriver(options.piSessionFactory),
-    new AcpLocalAgentDriver("cursor", options.env),
-    new AcpLocalAgentDriver("copilot", options.env),
-    new AcpLocalAgentDriver("grok", options.env),
+    new AcpLocalAgentDriver("cursor", providerEnv("cursor")),
+    new AcpLocalAgentDriver("copilot", providerEnv("copilot")),
+    new AcpLocalAgentDriver("grok", providerEnv("grok")),
   ];
 }
 
diff --git a/src/local-agent-availability.test.ts b/src/local-agent-availability.test.ts
index 7e0ebc1c..223a7c52 100644
--- a/src/local-agent-availability.test.ts
+++ b/src/local-agent-availability.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { chmodSync, mkdtempSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join } from "node:path";
 import { getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot } from "./local-agent-availability.js";
 
 const snapshot = getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot({
@@ -10,3 +13,48 @@ assert.deepEqual(snapshot.find((provider) => provider.name === "codex"), {
   available: false,
   reason: "/definitely/missing/devspace-codex executable not found",
 });
+assert.equal(
+  getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot({ ...process.env, CODEX_COMMAND: "" })
+    .find((provider) => provider.name === "codex")?.available,
+  false,
+);
+
+{
+  const directory = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "devspace-provider-command-"));
+  const executable = join(directory, "codex-wrapper");
+  try {
+    assert.equal(
+      getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot({
+        ...process.env,
+        CODEX_COMMAND: directory,
+      }).find((provider) => provider.name === "codex")?.available,
+      false,
+    );
+    writeFileSync(executable, "#!/bin/sh\nexit 0\n");
+    chmodSync(executable, 0o700);
+    const availability = getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(
+      {
+        ...process.env,
+        CODEX_COMMAND: "/definitely/missing/devspace-codex",
+        OPENAI_API_KEY: "must-not-appear",
+      },
+      {
+        enabled: true,
+        providers: [{
+          id: "codex",
+          enabled: true,
+          command: executable,
+          env: { OPENAI_API_KEY: "configured-secret", EMPTY_VALUE: "" },
+        }],
+      },
+    ).find((provider) => provider.name === "codex");
+    assert.deepEqual(availability, {
+      name: "codex",
+      available: true,
+      note: "available",
+    });
+    assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(availability), /configured-secret|must-not-appear/);
+  } finally {
+    rmSync(directory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/local-agent-availability.ts b/src/local-agent-availability.ts
index 3a67b98f..77786f1e 100644
--- a/src/local-agent-availability.ts
+++ b/src/local-agent-availability.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-import { accessSync, constants } from "node:fs";
+import { accessSync, constants, statSync } from "node:fs";
 import { delimiter, resolve } from "node:path";
 import {
   LOCAL_AGENT_PROVIDERS,
   type LocalAgentProvider,
 } from "./local-agent-profiles.js";
+import {
+  localAgentProviderEnvironment,
+  type SubagentsConfig,
+} from "./local-agent-config.js";
 
 export interface LocalAgentProviderAvailability {
   name: LocalAgentProvider;
@@ -14,37 +18,45 @@ export interface LocalAgentProviderAvailability {
 
 export function getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(
   env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env,
+  config?: SubagentsConfig,
 ): LocalAgentProviderAvailability[] {
-  return LOCAL_AGENT_PROVIDERS.map((provider) => checkLocalAgentProviderAvailability(provider, env));
+  return LOCAL_AGENT_PROVIDERS.map((provider) => (
+    checkLocalAgentProviderAvailability(provider, env, config)
+  ));
 }
 
 function checkLocalAgentProviderAvailability(
   provider: LocalAgentProvider,
   env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env,
+  config?: SubagentsConfig,
 ): LocalAgentProviderAvailability {
+  const providerEnv = config ? localAgentProviderEnvironment(config, provider, env) : env;
   switch (provider) {
     case "codex":
-      return codexAvailability(env);
+      return codexAvailability(providerEnv);
     case "claude":
-      return packageAvailability(provider, "@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk");
+      return providerEnv.CLAUDE_COMMAND
+        ? commandAvailability(provider, providerEnv.CLAUDE_COMMAND, providerEnv)
+        : packageAvailability(provider, "@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk");
     case "opencode":
       return packageAvailability(provider, "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2");
     case "pi":
       return packageAvailability(provider, "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent");
     case "cursor":
-      return commandAvailability(provider, env.CURSOR_COMMAND ?? "cursor-agent", env);
+      return commandAvailability(provider, providerEnv.CURSOR_COMMAND ?? "cursor-agent", providerEnv);
     case "copilot":
-      return commandAvailability(provider, env.COPILOT_COMMAND ?? "copilot", env);
+      return commandAvailability(provider, providerEnv.COPILOT_COMMAND ?? "copilot", providerEnv);
     case "grok":
-      return commandAvailability(provider, env.GROK_COMMAND ?? "grok", env);
+      return commandAvailability(provider, providerEnv.GROK_COMMAND ?? "grok", providerEnv);
   }
 }
 
 export function assertLocalAgentProviderAvailable(
   provider: LocalAgentProvider,
   env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env,
+  config?: SubagentsConfig,
 ): void {
-  const availability = checkLocalAgentProviderAvailability(provider, env);
+  const availability = checkLocalAgentProviderAvailability(provider, env, config);
   if (availability.available) return;
   throw new Error(
     `${provider} provider is not available: ${availability.reason ?? "provider preflight failed"}`,
@@ -91,6 +103,7 @@ function commandAvailability(
 }
 
 function resolveCommand(command: string, env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv): string | undefined {
+  if (!command) return undefined;
   if (command.includes("/") || command.includes("\\")) {
     return executableExists(command) ? command : undefined;
   }
@@ -113,7 +126,7 @@ function executableExists(command: string): boolean {
   const mode = process.platform === "win32" ? constants.F_OK : constants.X_OK;
   try {
     accessSync(command, mode);
-    return true;
+    return statSync(command).isFile();
   } catch {
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/src/local-agent-claude.test.ts b/src/local-agent-claude.test.ts
index e8b3d506..14e36400 100644
--- a/src/local-agent-claude.test.ts
+++ b/src/local-agent-claude.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import {
   type ClaudeQueryLike,
   type ClaudeUserMessage,
 } from "./local-agent-claude.js";
+import { createLocalAgentDrivers } from "./local-agent-adapters.js";
+import { subagentsConfigSchema } from "./local-agent-config.js";
 import type { LocalAgentRuntimeContext } from "./local-agent-runtime.js";
 
 class FakeClaudeQuery implements ClaudeQueryLike, AsyncIterator<unknown> {
@@ -230,3 +232,39 @@ await assert.rejects(
   TypeError,
   "programmer defects must not be reclassified as provider failures",
 );
+
+let configuredOptions: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+const configuredDriver = createLocalAgentDrivers({
+  env: {
+    PATH: "/usr/bin",
+    CLAUDE_COMMAND: "/usr/bin/claude",
+    ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: "inherited",
+    INHERITED: "yes",
+  },
+  subagents: subagentsConfigSchema.parse({
+    enabled: true,
+    providers: [{
+      id: "claude",
+      enabled: true,
+      command: "/opt/bin/claude-wrapper",
+      env: { ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: "configured", EMPTY_VALUE: "" },
+    }],
+  }),
+  claudeQueryFactory: ({ prompt, options }) => {
+    configuredOptions = options;
+    return new FakeClaudeQuery(prompt);
+  },
+}).find((driver) => driver.provider === "claude");
+assert.ok(configuredDriver);
+const configuredRuntime = await configuredDriver.createRuntime(context);
+assert.equal(configuredRuntime.isOk(), true);
+if (configuredRuntime.isErr()) throw configuredRuntime.error;
+assert.equal(configuredOptions?.pathToClaudeCodeExecutable, "/opt/bin/claude-wrapper");
+assert.deepEqual(configuredOptions?.env, {
+  PATH: "/usr/bin",
+  CLAUDE_COMMAND: "/opt/bin/claude-wrapper",
+  ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: "configured",
+  INHERITED: "yes",
+  EMPTY_VALUE: "",
+});
+await configuredRuntime.value.close();
diff --git a/src/local-agent-config.test.ts b/src/local-agent-config.test.ts
index e37ceafa..a27812a1 100644
--- a/src/local-agent-config.test.ts
+++ b/src/local-agent-config.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import {
   isSubagentProviderEnabled,
+  localAgentProviderEnvironment,
   subagentProviderConfig,
   subagentsConfigSchema,
 } from "./local-agent-config.js";
@@ -8,14 +9,28 @@ import {
 const config = subagentsConfigSchema.parse({
   enabled: true,
   providers: [
-    { id: "codex", enabled: true, model: " gpt-5.4 ", effort: " high " },
+    {
+      id: "codex",
+      enabled: true,
+      model: " gpt-5.4 ",
+      effort: " high ",
+      command: " /opt/bin/codex-wrapper ",
+      env: { OPENAI_API_KEY: "configured", EMPTY_VALUE: "" },
+    },
     { id: "claude", enabled: false, model: "sonnet" },
   ],
 });
 assert.deepEqual(config, {
   enabled: true,
   providers: [
-    { id: "codex", enabled: true, model: "gpt-5.4", effort: "high" },
+    {
+      id: "codex",
+      enabled: true,
+      model: "gpt-5.4",
+      effort: "high",
+      command: "/opt/bin/codex-wrapper",
+      env: { OPENAI_API_KEY: "configured", EMPTY_VALUE: "" },
+    },
     { id: "claude", enabled: false, model: "sonnet" },
   ],
 });
@@ -24,6 +39,22 @@ assert.equal(isSubagentProviderEnabled(config, "claude"), false);
 assert.equal(isSubagentProviderEnabled(config, "pi"), false);
 assert.equal(subagentProviderConfig(config, "codex")?.model, "gpt-5.4");
 
+const inherited = {
+  CODEX_COMMAND: "/usr/bin/codex",
+  OPENAI_API_KEY: "inherited",
+  UNCHANGED: "yes",
+};
+assert.deepEqual(localAgentProviderEnvironment(config, "codex", inherited), {
+  CODEX_COMMAND: "/opt/bin/codex-wrapper",
+  OPENAI_API_KEY: "configured",
+  EMPTY_VALUE: "",
+  UNCHANGED: "yes",
+});
+assert.deepEqual(inherited, {
+  CODEX_COMMAND: "/usr/bin/codex",
+  OPENAI_API_KEY: "inherited",
+  UNCHANGED: "yes",
+});
 assert.throws(
   () => subagentsConfigSchema.parse({
     enabled: true,
@@ -45,3 +76,26 @@ assert.throws(
   }),
   /Too small/,
 );
+assert.throws(
+  () => subagentsConfigSchema.parse({
+    enabled: true,
+    providers: [{ id: "codex", enabled: true, command: "  " }],
+  }),
+  /non-whitespace character/,
+);
+assert.throws(
+  () => subagentsConfigSchema.parse({
+    enabled: true,
+    providers: [{ id: "codex", enabled: true, env: { "INVALID-NAME": "value" } }],
+  }),
+  /Invalid environment variable name/,
+);
+for (const id of ["opencode", "pi"] as const) {
+  assert.throws(
+    () => subagentsConfigSchema.parse({
+      enabled: true,
+      providers: [{ id, enabled: true, command: "/opt/bin/agent" }],
+    }),
+    new RegExp(`${id} is embedded and does not support command or env configuration`),
+  );
+}
diff --git a/src/local-agent-config.ts b/src/local-agent-config.ts
index 62e9c35a..ae3f4201 100644
--- a/src/local-agent-config.ts
+++ b/src/local-agent-config.ts
@@ -4,12 +4,30 @@ import {
   type LocalAgentProvider,
 } from "./local-agent-profiles.js";
 
+const environmentSchema = z.record(
+  z.string().regex(/^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/, "Invalid environment variable name"),
+  z.string(),
+);
+
 const providerSchema = z.object({
   id: z.enum(LOCAL_AGENT_PROVIDERS as [LocalAgentProvider, ...LocalAgentProvider[]]),
   enabled: z.boolean(),
   model: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
   effort: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
-}).strict();
+  command: z.string()
+    .regex(/\S/, "Command must contain a non-whitespace character")
+    .trim()
+    .min(1)
+    .optional(),
+  env: environmentSchema.optional(),
+}).strict().superRefine((value, context) => {
+  if ((value.id === "opencode" || value.id === "pi") && (value.command || value.env)) {
+    context.addIssue({
+      code: "custom",
+      message: `${value.id} is embedded and does not support command or env configuration.`,
+    });
+  }
+});
 
 export const subagentsConfigSchema = z.object({
   enabled: z.boolean(),
@@ -50,3 +68,28 @@ export function isSubagentProviderEnabled(
 ): boolean {
   return config.enabled && subagentProviderConfig(config, provider)?.enabled === true;
 }
+
+export function localAgentProviderEnvironment(
+  config: SubagentsConfig,
+  provider: LocalAgentProvider,
+  inherited: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env,
+): NodeJS.ProcessEnv {
+  const providerConfig = subagentProviderConfig(config, provider);
+  const env = { ...inherited, ...providerConfig?.env };
+  const commandVariable = providerCommandVariable(provider);
+  if (commandVariable && providerConfig?.command) env[commandVariable] = providerConfig.command;
+  return env;
+}
+
+export function providerCommandVariable(provider: LocalAgentProvider): string | undefined {
+  switch (provider) {
+    case "codex": return "CODEX_COMMAND";
+    case "claude": return "CLAUDE_COMMAND";
+    case "cursor": return "CURSOR_COMMAND";
+    case "copilot": return "COPILOT_COMMAND";
+    case "grok": return "GROK_COMMAND";
+    case "opencode":
+    case "pi":
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/local-agent-daemon-main.ts b/src/local-agent-daemon-main.ts
index b1e0e09d..0121441d 100644
--- a/src/local-agent-daemon-main.ts
+++ b/src/local-agent-daemon-main.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const log = (
 const store = new LocalAgentStore(paths.stateDir);
 const manager = new LocalAgentManager({
   store,
-  drivers: createLocalAgentDrivers(),
+  drivers: createLocalAgentDrivers({ subagents: config.subagents }),
   pool: new LocalAgentRuntimePool({ logger: log }),
   loadProfiles: (workspaceRoot) => loadLocalAgentProfiles(config, workspaceRoot, { includeDisabled: true }),
   agentDir: config.agentDir,
diff --git a/src/onboarding.test.ts b/src/onboarding.test.ts
index b4236e9c..6c57335e 100644
--- a/src/onboarding.test.ts
+++ b/src/onboarding.test.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,14 @@ assert.deepEqual(
 const configured = {
   enabled: true,
   providers: [
-    { id: "codex" as const, enabled: true, model: "gpt-5.4", effort: "high" },
+    {
+      id: "codex" as const,
+      enabled: true,
+      model: "gpt-5.4",
+      effort: "high",
+      command: "/opt/bin/codex-wrapper",
+      env: { OPENAI_API_KEY: "configured", EMPTY_VALUE: "" },
+    },
     { id: "claude" as const, enabled: true, model: "sonnet" },
   ],
 };
@@ -39,7 +46,14 @@ assert.deepEqual(
   {
     enabled: true,
     providers: [
-      { id: "codex", enabled: false, model: "gpt-5.4", effort: "high" },
+      {
+        id: "codex",
+        enabled: false,
+        model: "gpt-5.4",
+        effort: "high",
+        command: "/opt/bin/codex-wrapper",
+        env: { OPENAI_API_KEY: "configured", EMPTY_VALUE: "" },
+      },
       { id: "claude", enabled: true, model: "sonnet" },
     ],
   },
diff --git a/src/server.ts b/src/server.ts
index 9e7ded7f..21a2123f 100644
--- a/src/server.ts
+++ b/src/server.ts
@@ -734,11 +734,11 @@ export function createServer(
   const processSessions = new ProcessSessionManager();
   const localAgentProviders = buildLocalAgentProviderStatuses(
     config.subagents,
-    getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(),
+    getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(process.env, config.subagents),
   );
   const resolveLocalAgentProviders = () => buildLocalAgentProviderStatuses(
     config.subagents,
-    getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(),
+    getLocalAgentProviderAvailabilitySnapshot(process.env, config.subagents),
   );
 
   const logSessionCloseResults = (