HTTP/3 compared to HTTP/2

HTTP/3 is designed for QUIC, which is a transport protocol that handles streams by itself.

HTTP/2 is designed for TCP, and therefore handles streams in the HTTP layer.

Similarities

The two protocols offer clients virtually identical feature sets.

Both protocols offer server push support
Both protocols have header compression, and QPACK and HPACK are similar in design.
Both protocols offer multiplexing over a single connection using streams

The differences are in the details and primarily there thanks to HTTP/3's use of QUIC:

HTTP/3 has better and more likely to work early data support thanks to QUIC's 0-RTT handshakes, while TCP Fast Open and TLS usually sends less data and often faces problems.
HTTP/3 has much faster handshakes thanks to QUIC vs TCP + TLS.
HTTP/3 does not exist in an insecure or unencrypted version. HTTP/2 can be implemented and used without HTTPS - even if this is rare on the Internet.
HTTP/2 can be negotiated directly in a TLS handshake with the ALPN extension, while HTTP/3 is over QUIC so it needs an Alt-Svc: header response first to inform the client about this fact.
HTTP/3 has no prioritization. The HTTP/2 approach to prioritization has been deemed too complicated, or even a downright failure, and there's work on creating a simpler take. This planned simpler scheme is also planned to be able so backport to run over HTTP/2 using HTTP/2's extension mechanism.