GH-48408: [C++] Enable ULP-based float comparison #56573

Job	Run time
AMD64 macOS 15-intel Python 3	42m 31s
AMD64 Windows 2022 Python 3.13	19m 38s
ARM64 macOS 14 Python 3	27m 58s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.12 without NumPy	16m 55s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.11 Sphinx & Numpydoc	31m 38s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.13 Pandas latest	18m 5s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.10 Pandas 1.3.4	16m 31s
AMD64 Conda Python 3.11 Without Pandas	17m 52s
	3h 11m 8s

Provide feedback