GH-44762: [GLib] Add garrow_table_validate_full() (#45468)

### Rationale for this change

[Table::ValidateFull](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/cpp/api/table.html#_CPPv4NK5arrow5Table12ValidateFullEv) available in the C++ API.
But, GLib doesn't support that method yet.

### What changes are included in this PR?

This PR adds a full validation method to the table class.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

* GitHub Issue: #44762

Lead-authored-by: Hiroyuki Sato <hiroysato@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

Author: hiroyuki-sato

c_glib/arrow-glib/table.cpp

@@ -754,6 +754,24 @@ garrow_table_validate(GArrowTable *table, GError **error)
   return garrow::check(error, arrow_table->Validate(), "[table][validate]");
 }
 
+/**
+ * garrow_table_validate_full
+ * @table: A #GArrowTable
+ * @error: (nullable): Return location for a #GError or %NULL.
+ *
+ * Validate the given table. This is an extensive validation.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE on error.
+ *
+ * Since: 20.0.0
+ */
+gboolean
+garrow_table_validate_full(GArrowTable *table, GError **error)
+{
+  const auto arrow_table = garrow_table_get_raw(table);
+  return garrow::check(error, arrow_table->ValidateFull(), "[table][validate-full]");
+}
+
 typedef struct GArrowFeatherWritePropertiesPrivate_
 {
   arrow::ipc::feather::WriteProperties properties;

c_glib/arrow-glib/table.h

@@ -146,6 +146,10 @@ GARROW_AVAILABLE_IN_20_0
 gboolean
 garrow_table_validate(GArrowTable *table, GError **error);
 
+GARROW_AVAILABLE_IN_20_0
+gboolean
+garrow_table_validate_full(GArrowTable *table, GError **error);
+
 #define GARROW_TYPE_FEATHER_WRITE_PROPERTIES (garrow_feather_write_properties_get_type())
 GARROW_AVAILABLE_IN_0_17
 G_DECLARE_DERIVABLE_TYPE(GArrowFeatherWriteProperties,

c_glib/test/test-table.rb

@@ -274,6 +274,46 @@ def test_invalid
       end
     end
 
+    sub_test_case("#validate_full") do
+      def setup
+        @id_field = Arrow::Field.new("uint8", Arrow::UInt8DataType.new)
+        @name_field = Arrow::Field.new("string", Arrow::StringDataType.new)
+        @schema = Arrow::Schema.new([@id_field, @name_field])
+
+        @id_values = build_uint_array([1])
+        @valid_name_values = build_string_array(["abc"])
+
+        # U+3042 HIRAGANA LETTER A, U+3044 HIRAGANA LETTER I
+        data = "\u3042\u3044".b[0..-2]
+        value_offsets = Arrow::Buffer.new([0, data.size].pack("l*"))
+        @invalid_name_values = Arrow::StringArray.new(1,
+                                                      value_offsets,
+                                                      Arrow::Buffer.new(data),
+                                                      nil,
+                                                      -1)
+      end
+
+      def test_valid
+        columns = [@id_values, @valid_name_values]
+        table = Arrow::Table.new(@schema, columns)
+
+        assert do
+          table.validate_full
+        end
+      end
+
+      def test_invalid
+        message = "[table][validate-full]: Invalid: " +
+          "Column 1: In chunk 0: Invalid: Invalid UTF8 sequence at string index 0"
+        columns = [@id_values, @invalid_name_values]
+        table = Arrow::Table.new(@schema, columns)
+
+        assert_raise(Arrow::Error::Invalid.new(message)) do
+          table.validate_full
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     sub_test_case("#write_as_feather") do
       def setup
         super