[CI][C++] test-debian-12-docs job fails finding CUDA

[raulcd]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

We have fixed the test-debian-12 jobs here:

• GH-45510: [CI][C++] Fix LLVM APT repository preparation on Debian #45511

This is a follow up task from the comment here:
#45511 (review)

Currently the only job failing is:

• test-debian-12-docs

With:

2025-02-12T08:43:06.1451336Z -- Unable to find cuda_runtime.h in "/usr/lib/include" for CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIR.
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1452770Z -- Unable to find cublas_v2.h in either "" or "/math_libs/include"
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1476771Z CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-3.25/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:230 (message):
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1477685Z   Could NOT find CUDAToolkit (missing: CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIR) (found
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1478231Z   version "11.8.89")
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1478583Z Call Stack (most recent call first):
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1479324Z   /usr/share/cmake-3.25/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:600 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1480405Z   /usr/share/cmake-3.25/Modules/FindCUDAToolkit.cmake:869 (find_package_handle_standard_args)
2025-02-12T08:43:06.1481189Z   src/arrow/gpu/CMakeLists.txt:44 (find_package)

As this is unrelated to the fix on the other PR we should work on it as a separate task.

Component(s)

Continuous Integration, C++

[kou]

Issue resolved by pull request 45520
#45520