Make Storage a Trait - Phase 2

[CTTY]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

As described in rfc-0002, we want to continue consolidate the Storage trait and prepare for the other storage impls

Phase 1 work can be found at #2051

Describe the solution you'd like

No response

Willingness to contribute

I can contribute to this feature independently

[blackmwk]

I have several issues in mind:

1. Provide a test suite for storage trait as we did in Add catalog test suite to unify catalog's behavior. #2131
2. Implement resolving storage factory for opendal
3. Open an issue for object_store implementation