diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9fde69c7c..0f193c8f9 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "miniz_oxide",
  "num-bigint",
  "quad-rand",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "regex-lite",
  "serde",
  "serde_bytes",
@@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cfg-if",
  "constant_time_eq",
- "cpufeatures",
+ "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1169,6 +1169,17 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "chacha20"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6f8d983286843e49675a4b7a2d174efe136dc93a18d69130dd18198a6c167601"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
+ "rand_core 0.10.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
 version = "0.4.42"
@@ -1379,6 +1390,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8b2a41393f66f16b0823bb79094d54ac5fbd34ab292ddafb9a0456ac9f87d201"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crc32fast"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -1651,7 +1671,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "object_store",
  "parking_lot",
  "parquet",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "regex",
  "rstest",
  "sqlparser",
@@ -1775,7 +1795,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.14.0",
  "log",
  "object_store",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
  "url",
@@ -1923,7 +1943,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "object_store",
  "parking_lot",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "tempfile",
  "url",
 ]
@@ -2010,7 +2030,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "md-5",
  "num-traits",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "regex",
  "sha2",
  "unicode-segmentation",
@@ -2853,6 +2873,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "139ef39800118c7683f2fd3c98c1b23c09ae076556b435f8e9064ae108aaeeec"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi",
+ "rand_core 0.10.0",
+ "wasip2",
+ "wasip3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "glam"
 version = "0.31.0"
@@ -3316,6 +3350,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "zerovec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "id-arena"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ident_case"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -3351,6 +3391,8 @@ checksum = "7714e70437a7dc3ac8eb7e6f8df75fd8eb422675fc7678aff7364301092b1017"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
  "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3467,6 +3509,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "leb128fmt"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09edd9e8b54e49e587e4f6295a7d29c3ea94d469cb40ab8ca70b288248a81db2"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lexical-core"
 version = "1.0.6"
@@ -3905,7 +3953,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
  "quick-xml",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
  "rustls-pemfile",
@@ -4367,7 +4415,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "lru-slab",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "ring",
  "rustc-hash",
  "rustls",
@@ -4425,7 +4473,18 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
 dependencies = [
  "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bc266eb313df6c5c09c1c7b1fbe2510961e5bcd3add930c1e31f7ed9da0feff8"
+dependencies = [
+ "chacha20",
+ "getrandom 0.4.1",
+ "rand_core 0.10.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4435,7 +4494,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4447,6 +4506,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.3.4",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c8d0fd677905edcbeedbf2edb6494d676f0e98d54d5cf9bda0b061cb8fb8aba"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_distr"
 version = "0.5.1"
@@ -4454,7 +4519,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6a8615d50dcf34fa31f7ab52692afec947c4dd0ab803cc87cb3b0b4570ff7463"
 dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5150,7 +5215,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "num-traits",
  "pretty_env_logger",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.10.0",
  "rand_distr",
  "robust",
  "rstar 0.12.2",
@@ -5410,7 +5475,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "parking_lot",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.10.0",
  "rstest",
  "sedona-common",
  "sedona-expr",
@@ -5444,7 +5509,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "geo-traits",
  "geo-types",
  "parquet",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.10.0",
  "rstest",
  "sedona-common",
  "sedona-expr",
@@ -5634,7 +5699,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "cpufeatures",
+ "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
  "digest",
 ]
 
@@ -6224,6 +6289,12 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unindent"
 version = "0.2.4"
@@ -6327,7 +6398,16 @@ version = "1.0.1+wasi-0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0562428422c63773dad2c345a1882263bbf4d65cf3f42e90921f787ef5ad58e7"
 dependencies = [
- "wit-bindgen",
+ "wit-bindgen 0.46.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasip3"
+version = "0.4.0+wasi-0.3.0-rc-2026-01-06"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5428f8bf88ea5ddc08faddef2ac4a67e390b88186c703ce6dbd955e1c145aca5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen 0.51.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6388,6 +6468,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-encoder"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "990065f2fe63003fe337b932cfb5e3b80e0b4d0f5ff650e6985b1048f62c8319"
+dependencies = [
+ "leb128fmt",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-metadata"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0e353e6a2fbdc176932bbaab493762eb1255a7900fe0fea1a2f96c296cc909"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "indexmap",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-streams"
 version = "0.4.2"
@@ -6401,6 +6503,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "web-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasmparser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
+ "semver",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
 version = "0.3.83"
@@ -6708,6 +6822,94 @@ version = "0.46.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f17a85883d4e6d00e8a97c586de764dabcc06133f7f1d55dce5cdc070ad7fe59"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rust-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-core"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea61de684c3ea68cb082b7a88508a8b27fcc8b797d738bfc99a82facf1d752dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "indexmap",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "syn 2.0.114",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-component",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust-macro"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0f9bfd77e6a48eccf51359e3ae77140a7f50b1e2ebfe62422d8afdaffab17a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.114",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-component"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bitflags",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wasmparser",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wkb"
 version = "0.9.2"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index e0fc7c595..85ed3630c 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ parquet = { version = "57.0.0", default-features = false, features = [
     "async",
     "object_store",
 ] }
-rand = "0.9"
+rand = "0.10"
 regex = "1.12"
 rstest = "0.26.1"
 serde = { version = "1" }
diff --git a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/common.rs b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/common.rs
index dd77f9738..77269565c 100644
--- a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/common.rs
+++ b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/common.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 //! Shared helpers for partitioner benchmarks.
 
-use rand::{rngs::StdRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use rand::{rngs::StdRng, RngExt, SeedableRng};
 use sedona_geometry::{bounding_box::BoundingBox, interval::IntervalTrait};
 
 pub const GRID_DIM: usize = 4; // 4x4 grid => 16 partitions like typical workloads
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn sample_queries(extent: &BoundingBox, batch_size: usize) -> Vec<BoundingBo
         .collect()
 }
 
-fn random_bbox(extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut StdRng, max_span: f64) -> BoundingBox {
+fn random_bbox(extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut impl RngExt, max_span: f64) -> BoundingBox {
     let (min_x, max_x) = (extent.x().lo(), extent.x().hi());
     let (min_y, max_y) = (extent.y().lo(), extent.y().hi());
 
diff --git a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/kdb.rs b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/kdb.rs
index 1edc4bb61..86a9bc450 100644
--- a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/kdb.rs
+++ b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/kdb.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 use std::hint::black_box;
 
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion, Throughput};
-use rand::{rngs::StdRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use rand::{rngs::StdRng, RngExt, SeedableRng};
 use sedona_geometry::{bounding_box::BoundingBox, interval::IntervalTrait};
 use sedona_spatial_join::partitioning::{kdb::KDBPartitioner, SpatialPartitioner};
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fn synthetic_bboxes(
     boxes
 }
 
-fn random_bbox(extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut StdRng, max_span: f64) -> BoundingBox {
+fn random_bbox(extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut impl RngExt, max_span: f64) -> BoundingBox {
     let (min_x, max_x) = (extent.x().lo(), extent.x().hi());
     let (min_y, max_y) = (extent.y().lo(), extent.y().hi());
 
diff --git a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/stream_repartitioner.rs b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/stream_repartitioner.rs
index eb6453db3..aa4f8a16b 100644
--- a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/stream_repartitioner.rs
+++ b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/bench/partitioning/stream_repartitioner.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use datafusion::config::SpillCompression;
 use datafusion_execution::runtime_env::RuntimeEnv;
 use datafusion_physical_plan::metrics::{ExecutionPlanMetricsSet, SpillMetrics};
 use futures::executor::block_on;
-use rand::{rngs::StdRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use rand::{rngs::StdRng, RngExt, SeedableRng};
 use sedona_geometry::{bounding_box::BoundingBox, interval::IntervalTrait, wkb_factory::wkb_point};
 use sedona_schema::datatypes::WKB_GEOMETRY;
 use sedona_spatial_join::evaluated_batch::{
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ fn random_evaluated_batch(
     EvaluatedBatch { batch, geom_array }
 }
 
-fn random_record_batch(schema: Arc<Schema>, rows: usize, rng: &mut StdRng) -> RecordBatch {
+fn random_record_batch(schema: Arc<Schema>, rows: usize, rng: &mut impl RngExt) -> RecordBatch {
     let ids = Int64Array::from_iter_values((0..rows).map(|_| rng.random_range(0..1_000_000_i64)));
     let words = StringArray::from_iter_values((0..rows).map(|_| random_string(rng)));
     let dates = Date32Array::from_iter_values((0..rows).map(|_| rng.random_range(18_000..20_000)));
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ fn random_record_batch(schema: Arc<Schema>, rows: usize, rng: &mut StdRng) -> Re
     RecordBatch::try_new(schema, columns).expect("record batch assembly should succeed")
 }
 
-fn random_geometry_array(rows: usize, extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut StdRng) -> ArrayRef {
+fn random_geometry_array(rows: usize, extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut impl RngExt) -> ArrayRef {
     let wkbs: Vec<Vec<u8>> = (0..rows)
         .map(|_| {
             let x = rng.random_range(extent.x().lo()..=extent.x().hi());
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ fn random_geometry_array(rows: usize, extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut StdRng) ->
     Arc::new(binary)
 }
 
-fn random_string(rng: &mut StdRng) -> String {
+fn random_string(rng: &mut impl RngExt) -> String {
     const CHARSET: &[u8] = b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
     let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
     for slot in &mut buf {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ fn build_partitioner(extent: &BoundingBox) -> Arc<dyn SpatialPartitioner + Send
     Arc::new(partitioner)
 }
 
-fn random_bbox(extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut StdRng) -> BoundingBox {
+fn random_bbox(extent: &BoundingBox, rng: &mut impl RngExt) -> BoundingBox {
     let span_x = (extent.x().hi() - extent.x().lo()) / 20.0;
     let span_y = (extent.y().hi() - extent.y().lo()) / 20.0;
     let width = rng.random_range(10.0..=span_x).max(1.0);
diff --git a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/stream.rs b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/stream.rs
index 177e7b0ff..b1fdfd31d 100644
--- a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/stream.rs
+++ b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/stream.rs
@@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ mod tests {
     use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema};
     use arrow_array::cast::AsArray;
     use rand::rngs::StdRng;
-    use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
+    use rand::{RngExt, SeedableRng};
 
     fn create_test_batches(
         num_batches: usize,
diff --git a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/utils/bbox_sampler.rs b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/utils/bbox_sampler.rs
index 99280162d..a7cfbeaa2 100644
--- a/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/utils/bbox_sampler.rs
+++ b/rust/sedona-spatial-join/src/utils/bbox_sampler.rs
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ impl BoundingBoxSamples {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use rand::rngs::StdRng;
-    use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
+    use rand::{RngExt, SeedableRng};
     use sedona_geometry::interval::IntervalTrait;
     use std::mem::size_of;
 
diff --git a/rust/sedona-testing/src/benchmark_util.rs b/rust/sedona-testing/src/benchmark_util.rs
index 4cd3873be..0a998a12c 100644
--- a/rust/sedona-testing/src/benchmark_util.rs
+++ b/rust/sedona-testing/src/benchmark_util.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use arrow_schema::DataType;
 use datafusion_common::{exec_datafusion_err, Result, ScalarValue};
 use datafusion_expr::{AggregateUDF, ScalarUDF};
 use geo_types::Rect;
-use rand::{distr::Uniform, rngs::StdRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use rand::{distr::Uniform, rngs::StdRng, Rng, RngExt, SeedableRng};
 
 use sedona_common::sedona_internal_err;
 use sedona_geometry::types::GeometryTypeId;
diff --git a/rust/sedona-testing/src/datagen.rs b/rust/sedona-testing/src/datagen.rs
index be94f55da..dafaa819a 100644
--- a/rust/sedona-testing/src/datagen.rs
+++ b/rust/sedona-testing/src/datagen.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use geo_types::{
     Coord, Geometry, GeometryCollection, LineString, MultiLineString, MultiPoint, MultiPolygon,
     Point, Polygon, Rect,
 };
-use rand::{distr::Uniform, rngs::StdRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use rand::{distr::Uniform, rngs::StdRng, Rng, RngExt, SeedableRng};
 use sedona_common::sedona_internal_err;
 use sedona_geometry::types::GeometryTypeId;
 use sedona_schema::datatypes::{SedonaType, WKB_GEOMETRY};