Apply exemplar's new CI system

This commit applies the following changes:

- Add bemanproject/infra-workflows as a beman-submodule in .github/workflows
- Add bemanproject/infra as a beman-submodule in infra/
- Copy over the latest CMakePresets.json file from exemplar
- Add an empty lockfile.json to make infra/cmake/use-fetch-content.cmake happy
- Update the ci_tests.yml file to provide CI configurations for GCC 13-15 and Clang 19-20
- Update the badges in the README
- Rename the paper/ directory to papers/

Author: ednolan

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@
 
 {
 	"name": "Beman Project Generic Devcontainer",
-	"build": {
-		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
-	},
-	"postCreateCommand": "bash .devcontainer/postcreate.sh",
+	"image": "ghcr.io/bemanproject/infra-containers-devcontainer-gcc:14",
+	"postCreateCommand": "pre-commit",
 	"customizations": {
 		"vscode": {
 			"extensions": [

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+infra/** linguist-vendored
+*.bib -linguist-detectable
+*.tex -linguist-detectable
+papers/* linguist-documentation

.devcontainer/postcreate.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+name: Implementation Deficiency
+about: Report a bug or performance issue of our implementation
+title: ''
+labels: bug
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!--
+Please follow our code of conduct when engaging in the Beman community:
+https://github.com/bemanproject/beman/blob/main/docs/code_of_conduct.md
+-->
+
+## Describe the deficiency
+
+A clear and concise description of what the deficiency is.
+Link all relevant issues.
+This could be a bug, or a performance problem.
+
+## To Reproduce
+
+```c++
+// Use case
+```
+
+## Expected Behavior
+
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+
+## Additional Discussions
+
+Add any other context about the problem here.
+If you believe your issue is platform dependent,
+please post your compiler versions here.

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+name: Infrastructure Issues
+about: Report a bug or feature request with our Infrastructure
+title: ''
+labels: infra
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!--
+Please follow our code of conduct when engaging in the Beman community:
+https://github.com/bemanproject/beman/blob/main/docs/code_of_conduct.md
+-->
+
+## I am attempting to
+
+Describe what you were attempting to do.
+
+## Expected Behavior
+
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+
+## Current Behavior
+
+A clear and concise description of what actually happened.
+
+## Additional Discussions
+
+Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/implementation-deficiency.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+name: Paper Discussion
+about: Provide feedback to current API
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!--
+Please follow our code of conduct when engaging in the Beman community:
+https://github.com/bemanproject/beman/blob/main/docs/code_of_conduct.md
+-->
+
+## Use case
+
+Describe your concerns about adding this change to the C++ Standard Library.
+
+```c++
+// example snippet
+```
+
+## What I like
+
+Let us know what you find positive about current approach / design.
+
+## What I dislike
+
+Let us know what you find negative about current approach / design.
+
+## Discussion
+
+Let us know if you have any more remarks.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/infrastructure-issues.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<!--
+Please take note of the following when contributing:
+- Our code of conduct: https://github.com/bemanproject/beman/blob/main/docs/code_of_conduct.md
+- The Beman Standard: https://github.com/bemanproject/beman/blob/main/docs/beman_standard.md
+-->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/paper-discussion.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[beman_submodule]
+remote=https://github.com/bemanproject/infra-workflows.git
+commit_hash=962bc39d246b4dd3e1fc34250a66d188610c30e7
+allow_untracked_files=True

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* @ednolan