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API evolution tutorial
Signed-off-by: arhimede <[email protected]>
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‎docs/book/v5/tutorials/api-evolution.md‎

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# API Evolution pattern
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API evolution: Updating an API while keeping it compatible for existing consumers by adding new features, fixing bugs, planning and removing outdated features.
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## How it works
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In DotKernel API we can mark an entire endpoint or a single method as deprecated using attributes on handlers.
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We use response headers to inform the consumers about the future changes by using 2 new headers: **link** and **sunset**.
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1) `Link` - it's a link to the official documentation pointing out the changes that will take place.
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2) `Sunset` - this header is a date, indicating when the change will roll out.
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**Both headers are independent, you can use them separately.**
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> Make sure you have the `DeprecationMiddleware:class` piped in your `pipeline` list. In our case it's `config/pipeline.php`.
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### Marking an entire endpoint as deprecated
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When you want to mark an entire resource as deprecated you have to use the ``ResourceDeprecation`` attribute.
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```php
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...
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#[ResourceDeprecation(
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sunset: '2038-01-01',
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link: 'https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning',
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deprecationReason: 'Resource deprecation example.',
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rel: 'sunset',
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type: 'text/html'
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)]
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class HomeHandler implements RequestHandlerInterface
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{
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...
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```
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In the example above, the ``ResourceDeprecation`` attribute is attached to the class, marking the entire `/` (home) endpoint as deprecated starting from `2038-01-01`.
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Running the following curl will print out the response headers where we can see the **Sunset** and **Link** headers.
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```shell
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curl --head -X GET http://0.0.0.0:8080 -H "Content-Type: application/json"
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```
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```shell
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Host: 0.0.0.0:8080
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Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2024 10:23:11 GMT
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Connection: close
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X-Powered-By: PHP/8.2.20
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Content-Type: application/json
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Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()
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Sunset: 2038-01-01
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Link: https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning;rel="sunset";type="text/html"
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Vary: Origin
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```
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### Marking a method as deprecated
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Most of the time you want to deprecate only an endpoint, so you will need to use the `MethodDeprecation` attribute which has the same parameters, but it attaches to a handler method.
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```php
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...
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class HomeHandler implements RequestHandlerInterface
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{
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...
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#[MethodDeprecation(
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sunset: '2038-01-01',
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link: 'https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning',
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deprecationReason: 'Method deprecation example.',
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rel: 'sunset',
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type: 'text/html'
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)]
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public function get(): ResponseInterface
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{
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...
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}
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}
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```
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Attaching the `MethodDeprecation` can only be done to HTTP verb methods (`GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH` and `DELETE`).
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If you followed along you can run the below curl:
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```shell
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curl --head -X GET http://0.0.0.0:8080 -H "Content-Type: application/json"
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```
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```shell
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Host: 0.0.0.0:8080
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Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2024 10:54:57 GMT
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Connection: close
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X-Powered-By: PHP/8.2.20
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Content-Type: application/json
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Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()
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Sunset: 2038-01-01
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Link: https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning;rel="sunset";type="text/html"
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Vary: Origin
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```
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### NOTES
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> If `Link` or `Sunset` do not have a value they will not appear in the response headers.
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> `Sunset` has to be a **valid** date, otherwise it will throw an error.
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> You **cannot** use both `ResourceDeprecation` and `MethodDeprecation` in the same handler.
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> Deprecations can only be attached to handler classes that implement `RequestHandlerInterface`.
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> The `rel` and `type` arguments are optional, they default to `sunset` and `text/html` if no value was provided and are `Link` related parts.
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# API Evolution pattern
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API evolution: Updating an API while keeping it compatible for existing consumers by adding new features, fixing bugs,
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planning and removing outdated features.
5+
6+
## How it works
7+
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In DotKernel API we can mark an entire endpoint or a single method as deprecated using attributes on handlers.
9+
We use response headers to inform the consumers about the future changes by using 2 new headers:
10+
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1) `Link` - it's a link to the official documentation pointing out the changes that will take place.
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2) `Sunset` - this header is a date, indicating when the deprecated resource will potentially become unresponsive.
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**Both headers are independent, you can use them separately.**
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> Make sure you have the `DeprecationMiddleware:class` piped in your `pipeline` list. In our case it's
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> `config/pipeline.php`.
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### Marking an entire endpoint as deprecated
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When you want to mark an entire resource as deprecated you have to use the `ResourceDeprecation` attribute.
22+
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```php
24+
...
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#[ResourceDeprecation(
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sunset: '2038-01-01',
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link: 'https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning',
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deprecationReason: 'Resource deprecation example.',
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rel: 'sunset',
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type: 'text/html'
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)]
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class HomeHandler implements RequestHandlerInterface
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{
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...
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```
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In the example above, the ``ResourceDeprecation`` attribute is attached to the class, marking the entire `/` (home)
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endpoint as deprecated starting from `2038-01-01`.
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Running the following curl will print out the response headers where we can see the **Sunset** and **Link** headers.
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```shell
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curl --head -X GET http://0.0.0.0:8080 -H "Content-Type: application/json"
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```
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```shell
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Host: 0.0.0.0:8080
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Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2024 10:23:11 GMT
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Connection: close
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X-Powered-By: PHP/8.2.20
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Content-Type: application/json
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Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()
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Sunset: 2038-01-01
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Link: https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning;rel="sunset";type="text/html"
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Vary: Origin
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```
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### Marking a method as deprecated
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Most of the time you want to deprecate only an endpoint, so you will need to use the `MethodDeprecation` attribute which
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has the same parameters, but it attaches to a handler method.
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```php
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...
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class HomeHandler implements RequestHandlerInterface
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{
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...
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use Api\App\Attribute\MethodDeprecation;
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#[MethodDeprecation(
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sunset: '2038-01-01',
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link: 'https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning',
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deprecationReason: 'Method deprecation example.',
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rel: 'sunset',
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type: 'text/html'
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)]
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public function get(): ResponseInterface
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{
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...
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}
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}
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```
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Attaching the `MethodDeprecation` can only be done to HTTP verb methods (`GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH` and `DELETE`).
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If you followed along you can run the below curl:
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```shell
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curl --head -X GET http://0.0.0.0:8080 -H "Content-Type: application/json"
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```
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```shell
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Host: 0.0.0.0:8080
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Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2024 10:54:57 GMT
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Connection: close
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X-Powered-By: PHP/8.2.20
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Content-Type: application/json
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Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()
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Sunset: 2038-01-01
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Link: https://docs.dotkernel.org/api-documentation/v5/core-features/versioning;rel="sunset";type="text/html"
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Vary: Origin
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```
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### NOTES
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> If `Link` or `Sunset` do not have a value they will not appear in the response headers.
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> `Sunset` has to be a **valid** date, otherwise it will throw an error.
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> You **cannot** use both `ResourceDeprecation` and `MethodDeprecation` in the same handler.
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> Deprecations can only be attached to handler classes that implement `RequestHandlerInterface`.
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> The `rel` and `type` arguments are optional, they default to `sunset` and `text/html` if no value was provided and
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> are `Link` related parts.

‎mkdocs.yml‎

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- Tutorials:
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- "Creating a book module": v5/tutorials/create-book-module.md
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- "Token authentication": v5/tutorials/token-authentication.md
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- "API Evolution": v5/tutorials/api-evolution.md
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- Transition from API Tools:
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- "Laminas API Tools vs DotKernel API": v5/transition-from-api-tools/api-tools-vs-dotkernel-api.md
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- "Transition Approach": v5/transition-from-api-tools/transition-approach.md

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