diff --git a/.changeset/lovely-rules-argue.md b/.changeset/lovely-rules-argue.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e90055ca50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/lovely-rules-argue.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@core/sync-service": patch
+---
+
+Add OpenTelemetry spans for HTTP request handling and replication message processing.
diff --git a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/plug/serve_shape_plug.ex b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/plug/serve_shape_plug.ex
index 42b0528591..7881717602 100644
--- a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/plug/serve_shape_plug.ex
+++ b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/plug/serve_shape_plug.ex
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
-  require Logger
+  use Plug.Builder
+
+  alias OpenTelemetry.SemanticConventions, as: SC
+
   alias Electric.Shapes
   alias Electric.Schema
   alias Electric.Replication.LogOffset
+  alias Electric.Telemetry.OpenTelemetry
   alias Plug.Conn
-  use Plug.Builder
+
+  require Logger
+  require SC.Trace
 
   # Aliasing for pattern matching
   @before_all_offset LogOffset.before_all()
@@ -118,7 +124,8 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
   plug :load_shape_info
   plug :put_schema_header
 
-  # We're starting listening as soon as possible to not miss stuff that was added since we've asked for last offset
+  # We're starting listening as soon as possible to not miss stuff that was added since we've
+  # asked for last offset
   plug :listen_for_new_changes
   plug :determine_log_chunk_offset
   plug :generate_etag
@@ -145,8 +152,10 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
   end
 
   defp load_shape_info(%Conn{} = conn, _) do
-    shape_info = get_or_create_shape_id(conn.assigns)
-    handle_shape_info(conn, shape_info)
+    OpenTelemetry.with_span("serve_shape_plug.load_shape_info", open_telemetry_attrs(conn), fn ->
+      shape_info = get_or_create_shape_id(conn.assigns)
+      handle_shape_info(conn, shape_info)
+    end)
   end
 
   # No shape_id is provided so we can get the existing one for this shape
@@ -290,8 +299,8 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
     end
   end
 
-  defp put_resp_cache_headers(%Conn{} = conn, _) do
-    if conn.assigns.live do
+  defp put_resp_cache_headers(%Conn{assigns: %{config: config, live: live}} = conn, _) do
+    if live do
       put_resp_header(
         conn,
         "cache-control",
@@ -301,7 +310,7 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
       put_resp_header(
         conn,
         "cache-control",
-        "max-age=#{conn.assigns.config[:max_age]}, stale-while-revalidate=#{conn.assigns.config[:stale_age]}"
+        "max-age=#{config[:max_age]}, stale-while-revalidate=#{config[:stale_age]}"
       )
     end
   end
@@ -324,29 +333,37 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
          } = conn,
          _
        ) do
-    case Shapes.get_snapshot(conn.assigns.config, shape_id) do
-      {:ok, {offset, snapshot}} ->
-        log =
-          Shapes.get_log_stream(conn.assigns.config, shape_id,
-            since: offset,
-            up_to: chunk_end_offset
-          )
-
-        [snapshot, log, maybe_up_to_date(conn)]
-        |> Stream.concat()
-        |> to_json_stream()
-        |> Stream.chunk_every(500)
-        |> send_stream(conn, 200)
-
-      {:error, reason} ->
-        Logger.warning("Could not serve a snapshot because of #{inspect(reason)}")
-
-        send_resp(
-          conn,
-          500,
-          Jason.encode_to_iodata!(%{error: "Failed creating or fetching the snapshot"})
-        )
-    end
+    OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+      "serve_shape_plug.serve_log_or_snapshot",
+      open_telemetry_attrs(conn),
+      fn ->
+        case Shapes.get_snapshot(conn.assigns.config, shape_id) do
+          {:ok, {offset, snapshot}} ->
+            OpenTelemetry.with_span("serve_shape_plug.get_log_stream", [], fn ->
+              log =
+                Shapes.get_log_stream(conn.assigns.config, shape_id,
+                  since: offset,
+                  up_to: chunk_end_offset
+                )
+
+              [snapshot, log, maybe_up_to_date(conn)]
+              |> Stream.concat()
+              |> to_json_stream()
+              |> Stream.chunk_every(500)
+              |> send_stream(conn, 200)
+            end)
+
+          {:error, reason} ->
+            Logger.warning("Could not serve a snapshot because of #{inspect(reason)}")
+
+            send_resp(
+              conn,
+              500,
+              Jason.encode_to_iodata!(%{error: "Failed creating or fetching the snapshot"})
+            )
+        end
+      end
+    )
   end
 
   # Otherwise, serve log since that offset
@@ -360,18 +377,27 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
          } = conn,
          _
        ) do
-    log =
-      Shapes.get_log_stream(conn.assigns.config, shape_id, since: offset, up_to: chunk_end_offset)
+    OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+      "serve_shape_plug.get_log_stream_and_maybe_hold",
+      open_telemetry_attrs(conn),
+      fn ->
+        log =
+          Shapes.get_log_stream(conn.assigns.config, shape_id,
+            since: offset,
+            up_to: chunk_end_offset
+          )
 
-    if Enum.take(log, 1) == [] and conn.assigns.live do
-      hold_until_change(conn, shape_id)
-    else
-      [log, maybe_up_to_date(conn)]
-      |> Stream.concat()
-      |> to_json_stream()
-      |> Stream.chunk_every(500)
-      |> send_stream(conn, 200)
-    end
+        if Enum.take(log, 1) == [] and conn.assigns.live do
+          hold_until_change(conn, shape_id)
+        else
+          [log, maybe_up_to_date(conn)]
+          |> Stream.concat()
+          |> to_json_stream()
+          |> Stream.chunk_every(500)
+          |> send_stream(conn, 200)
+        end
+      end
+    )
   end
 
   @json_list_start "["
@@ -388,18 +414,26 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
   defp send_stream(stream, conn, status) do
     conn = Conn.send_chunked(conn, status)
 
-    Enum.reduce_while(stream, conn, fn chunk, conn ->
-      case Conn.chunk(conn, chunk) do
-        {:ok, conn} ->
-          {:cont, conn}
-
-        {:error, "closed"} ->
-          {:halt, conn}
+    OpenTelemetry.add_span_attributes(%{SC.Trace.http_status_code() => status})
 
-        {:error, reason} ->
-          Logger.error("Error while streaming response: #{inspect(reason)}")
-          {:halt, conn}
-      end
+    Enum.reduce_while(stream, conn, fn chunk, conn ->
+      OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+        "serve_shape_plug.serve_log_or_snapshot.chunk",
+        [chunk_size: IO.iodata_length(chunk)],
+        fn ->
+          case Conn.chunk(conn, chunk) do
+            {:ok, conn} ->
+              {:cont, conn}
+
+            {:error, "closed"} ->
+              {:halt, conn}
+
+            {:error, reason} ->
+              Logger.error("Error while streaming response: #{inspect(reason)}")
+              {:halt, conn}
+          end
+        end
+      )
     end)
   end
 
@@ -455,4 +489,58 @@ defmodule Electric.Plug.ServeShapePlug do
       long_poll_timeout -> send_resp(conn, 204, ["[", @up_to_date, "]"])
     end
   end
+
+  defp open_telemetry_attrs(%Plug.Conn{} = conn) do
+    %{
+      :"shape.id" => Map.get(conn.query_params, "shape_id"),
+      :"conn.assigns" => Map.delete(conn.assigns, :config),
+      :"http.req_headers" => conn.req_headers,
+      :"http.resp_headers" => conn.resp_headers,
+      :"http.query_string" => conn.query_string,
+      :"http.query_params" => query_params_attr(conn.query_params),
+      SC.Trace.http_url() =>
+        %URI{
+          scheme: to_string(conn.scheme),
+          host: conn.host,
+          port: conn.port,
+          path: conn.request_path,
+          query: conn.query_string
+        }
+        |> to_string(),
+      SC.Trace.http_client_ip() => client_ip(conn),
+      SC.Trace.http_scheme() => conn.scheme,
+      SC.Trace.net_peer_name() => conn.host,
+      SC.Trace.net_peer_port() => conn.port,
+      SC.Trace.http_target() => conn.request_path,
+      SC.Trace.http_method() => conn.method,
+      SC.Trace.http_status_code() => conn.status,
+      SC.Trace.net_transport() => :"IP.TCP",
+      SC.Trace.http_user_agent() => user_agent(conn)
+    }
+  end
+
+  defp client_ip(%Plug.Conn{remote_ip: remote_ip} = conn) do
+    case Plug.Conn.get_req_header(conn, "x-forwarded-for") do
+      [] ->
+        remote_ip
+        |> :inet_parse.ntoa()
+        |> to_string()
+
+      [ip_address | _] ->
+        ip_address
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp user_agent(%Plug.Conn{} = conn) do
+    case Plug.Conn.get_req_header(conn, "user-agent") do
+      [] -> ""
+      [head | _] -> head
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp query_params_attr(map) do
+    map
+    |> Enum.map(fn {key, val} -> key <> "=" <> val end)
+    |> Enum.sort()
+  end
 end
diff --git a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/postgres/replication_client.ex b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/postgres/replication_client.ex
index a08553f63c..2ad8ca6c1e 100644
--- a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/postgres/replication_client.ex
+++ b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/postgres/replication_client.ex
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ defmodule Electric.Postgres.ReplicationClient do
   alias Electric.Postgres.ReplicationClient.Collector
   alias Electric.Postgres.ReplicationClient.ConnectionSetup
   alias Electric.Replication.Changes.Relation
+  alias Electric.Telemetry.OpenTelemetry
 
   require Logger
 
@@ -190,8 +191,30 @@ defmodule Electric.Postgres.ReplicationClient do
         <<@repl_msg_x_log_data, _wal_start::64, wal_end::64, _clock::64, rest::binary>>,
         %State{} = state
       ) do
-    rest
-    |> Decoder.decode()
+    OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+      "replication_client.process_x_log_data",
+      [msg_size: byte_size(rest)],
+      fn -> process_x_log_data(rest, wal_end, state) end
+    )
+  end
+
+  def handle_data(<<@repl_msg_primary_keepalive, wal_end::64, _clock::64, reply>>, state) do
+    Logger.debug(fn ->
+      "Primary Keepalive: wal_end=#{wal_end} (#{Lsn.from_integer(wal_end)}) reply=#{reply}"
+    end)
+
+    messages =
+      case reply do
+        1 -> [encode_standby_status_update(state)]
+        0 -> []
+      end
+
+    {:noreply, messages, state}
+  end
+
+  defp process_x_log_data(data, wal_end, %State{} = state) do
+    data
+    |> decode_message()
     # # Useful for debugging:
     # |> tap(fn %struct{} = msg ->
     #   message_type = struct |> to_string() |> String.split(".") |> List.last()
@@ -209,7 +232,13 @@ defmodule Electric.Postgres.ReplicationClient do
 
       {%Relation{} = rel, %Collector{} = txn_collector} ->
         {m, f, args} = state.relation_received
-        apply(m, f, [rel | args])
+
+        OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+          "replication_client.relation_received",
+          ["rel.id": rel.id, "rel.schema": rel.schema, "rel.table": rel.table],
+          fn -> apply(m, f, [rel | args]) end
+        )
+
         {:noreply, %{state | txn_collector: txn_collector}}
 
       {txn, %Collector{} = txn_collector} ->
@@ -224,7 +253,12 @@ defmodule Electric.Postgres.ReplicationClient do
         # backends will require different timeouts and the timeout will need to
         # accomodate varying number of shape consumers. The default of 5_000 ms
         # should work for our file-based storage backends, for now.
-        case apply(m, f, [txn | args]) do
+        OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+          "replication_client.transaction_received",
+          [num_changes: length(txn.changes), num_relations: MapSet.size(txn.affected_relations)],
+          fn -> apply(m, f, [txn | args]) end
+        )
+        |> case do
           :ok ->
             # We currently process incoming replication messages sequentially, persisting each
             # new transaction into the shape log store. So, when the applied function
@@ -244,18 +278,12 @@ defmodule Electric.Postgres.ReplicationClient do
     end
   end
 
-  def handle_data(<<@repl_msg_primary_keepalive, wal_end::64, _clock::64, reply>>, state) do
-    Logger.debug(fn ->
-      "Primary Keepalive: wal_end=#{wal_end} (#{Lsn.from_integer(wal_end)}) reply=#{reply}"
-    end)
-
-    messages =
-      case reply do
-        1 -> [encode_standby_status_update(state)]
-        0 -> []
-      end
-
-    {:noreply, messages, state}
+  defp decode_message(data) do
+    OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+      "replication_client.decode_message",
+      [msg_size: byte_size(data)],
+      fn -> Decoder.decode(data) end
+    )
   end
 
   defp encode_standby_status_update(state) do
diff --git a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/file_storage.ex b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/file_storage.ex
index e93ef5381a..06d131aef1 100644
--- a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/file_storage.ex
+++ b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/file_storage.ex
@@ -122,17 +122,21 @@ defmodule Electric.ShapeCache.FileStorage do
 
   @impl Electric.ShapeCache.Storage
   def make_new_snapshot!(data_stream, %FS{} = opts) do
-    OpenTelemetry.with_span("storage.make_new_snapshot", [storage_impl: "mixed_disk"], fn ->
-      data_stream
-      |> Stream.map(&[&1, ?\n])
-      # Use the 4 byte marker (ASCII "end of transmission") to indicate the end of the snapshot,
-      # so that concurrent readers can detect that the snapshot has been completed.
-      |> Stream.concat([<<4::utf8>>])
-      |> Stream.into(File.stream!(shape_snapshot_path(opts), [:append, :delayed_write]))
-      |> Stream.run()
-
-      CubDB.put(opts.db, @snapshot_meta_key, LogOffset.first())
-    end)
+    OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+      "storage.make_new_snapshot",
+      [storage_impl: "mixed_disk", "shape.id": opts.shape_id],
+      fn ->
+        data_stream
+        |> Stream.map(&[&1, ?\n])
+        # Use the 4 byte marker (ASCII "end of transmission") to indicate the end of the snapshot,
+        # so that concurrent readers can detect that the snapshot has been completed.
+        |> Stream.concat([<<4::utf8>>])
+        |> Stream.into(File.stream!(shape_snapshot_path(opts), [:append, :delayed_write]))
+        |> Stream.run()
+
+        CubDB.put(opts.db, @snapshot_meta_key, LogOffset.first())
+      end
+    )
   end
 
   @impl Electric.ShapeCache.Storage
diff --git a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/in_memory_storage.ex b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/in_memory_storage.ex
index a953a208c3..39c63f1ad8 100644
--- a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/in_memory_storage.ex
+++ b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shape_cache/in_memory_storage.ex
@@ -173,19 +173,23 @@ defmodule Electric.ShapeCache.InMemoryStorage do
 
   @impl Electric.ShapeCache.Storage
   def make_new_snapshot!(data_stream, %MS{} = opts) do
-    OpenTelemetry.with_span("storage.make_new_snapshot", [storage_impl: "in_memory"], fn ->
-      table = opts.snapshot_table
-
-      data_stream
-      |> Stream.with_index(1)
-      |> Stream.map(fn {log_item, index} -> {snapshot_key(index), log_item} end)
-      |> Stream.chunk_every(500)
-      |> Stream.each(fn chunk -> :ets.insert(table, chunk) end)
-      |> Stream.run()
-
-      :ets.insert(table, {snapshot_end(), 0})
-      :ok
-    end)
+    OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+      "storage.make_new_snapshot",
+      [storage_impl: "in_memory", "shape.id": opts.shape_id],
+      fn ->
+        table = opts.snapshot_table
+
+        data_stream
+        |> Stream.with_index(1)
+        |> Stream.map(fn {log_item, index} -> {snapshot_key(index), log_item} end)
+        |> Stream.chunk_every(500)
+        |> Stream.each(fn chunk -> :ets.insert(table, chunk) end)
+        |> Stream.run()
+
+        :ets.insert(table, {snapshot_end(), 0})
+        :ok
+      end
+    )
   end
 
   @impl Electric.ShapeCache.Storage
diff --git a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shapes/consumer/snapshotter.ex b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shapes/consumer/snapshotter.ex
index 05cae10339..024f1ea978 100644
--- a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shapes/consumer/snapshotter.ex
+++ b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/shapes/consumer/snapshotter.ex
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ defmodule Electric.Shapes.Consumer.Snapshotter do
 
           OpenTelemetry.with_span(
             "shape_cache.create_snapshot_task",
-            [],
+            shape_attrs(shape_id, shape),
             fn ->
               try do
                 Utils.apply_fn_or_mfa(prepare_tables_fn_or_mfa, [pool, affected_tables])
@@ -80,28 +80,36 @@ defmodule Electric.Shapes.Consumer.Snapshotter do
     Postgrex.transaction(
       db_pool,
       fn conn ->
-        OpenTelemetry.with_span("shape_cache.query_in_readonly_txn", [], fn ->
-          Postgrex.query!(conn, "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ READ ONLY", [])
+        OpenTelemetry.with_span(
+          "shape_cache.query_in_readonly_txn",
+          shape_attrs(shape_id, shape),
+          fn ->
+            Postgrex.query!(conn, "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ READ ONLY", [])
 
-          %{rows: [[xmin]]} =
-            Postgrex.query!(conn, "SELECT pg_snapshot_xmin(pg_current_snapshot())", [])
+            %{rows: [[xmin]]} =
+              Postgrex.query!(conn, "SELECT pg_snapshot_xmin(pg_current_snapshot())", [])
 
-          GenServer.cast(parent, {:snapshot_xmin_known, shape_id, xmin})
+            GenServer.cast(parent, {:snapshot_xmin_known, shape_id, xmin})
 
-          # Enforce display settings *before* querying initial data to maintain consistent
-          # formatting between snapshot and live log entries.
-          Enum.each(Electric.Postgres.display_settings(), &Postgrex.query!(conn, &1, []))
+            # Enforce display settings *before* querying initial data to maintain consistent
+            # formatting between snapshot and live log entries.
+            Enum.each(Electric.Postgres.display_settings(), &Postgrex.query!(conn, &1, []))
 
-          stream = Querying.stream_initial_data(conn, shape)
+            stream = Querying.stream_initial_data(conn, shape)
 
-          GenServer.cast(parent, {:snapshot_started, shape_id})
+            GenServer.cast(parent, {:snapshot_started, shape_id})
 
-          # could pass the shape and then make_new_snapshot! can pass it to row_to_snapshot_item
-          # that way it has the relation, but it is still missing the pk_cols
-          Storage.make_new_snapshot!(stream, storage)
-        end)
+            # could pass the shape and then make_new_snapshot! can pass it to row_to_snapshot_item
+            # that way it has the relation, but it is still missing the pk_cols
+            Storage.make_new_snapshot!(stream, storage)
+          end
+        )
       end,
       timeout: :infinity
     )
   end
+
+  defp shape_attrs(shape_id, shape) do
+    ["shape.id": shape_id, "shape.root_table": shape.root_table, "shape.where": shape.where]
+  end
 end
diff --git a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/telemetry/open_telemetry.ex b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/telemetry/open_telemetry.ex
index 30674ce66c..a37b847bbf 100644
--- a/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/telemetry/open_telemetry.ex
+++ b/packages/sync-service/lib/electric/telemetry/open_telemetry.ex
@@ -44,8 +44,10 @@ defmodule Electric.Telemetry.OpenTelemetry do
   @doc """
   Create a span that starts at the current point in time and ends when `fun` returns.
 
-  Calling this function inside an another span establishes a parent-child relationship between
-  the two, as long as both calls happens within the same Elixir process. See `async_fun/4` for
+  Returns the result of calling the function `fun`.
+
+  Calling this function inside another span establishes a parent-child relationship between
+  the two, as long as both calls happen within the same Elixir process. See `async_fun/4` for
   interprocess progragation of span context.
   """
   @spec with_span(span_name(), span_attrs(), (-> t)) :: t when t: term