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fontaine.info
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This is docwQGvgV.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from
fontaine.texi.
Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
“GNU Free Documentation License.”
(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and
modify this GNU manual.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs misc features
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Fontaine: (fontaine). Set font configurations using presets.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Up: (dir)
fontaine.el: Set font configurations using presets
**************************************************
Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
“GNU Free Documentation License.”
(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and
modify this GNU manual.”
This manual, written by Protesilaos Stavrou, describes the
customization options for ‘fontaine’ (or ‘fontaine.el’), and provides
every other piece of information pertinent to it.
The documentation furnished herein corresponds to stable version
2.1.0, released on 2024-09-02. Any reference to a newer feature which
does not yet form part of the latest tagged commit, is explicitly marked
as such.
Current development target is 3.0.0-dev.
• Package name (GNU ELPA): ‘fontaine’
• Official manual: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/fontaine>
• Change log: <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/fontaine-changelog>
• Git repositories:
• GitHub: <https://github.com/protesilaos/fontaine>
• GitLab: <https://gitlab.com/protesilaos/fontaine>
• Mailing list: <https://lists.sr.ht/~protesilaos/fontaine>
• Backronym: Fonts, Ornaments, and Neat Typography Are Irrelevant in
Non-graphical Emacs.
* Menu:
* Overview::
* Installation::
* Sample configuration::
* Acknowledgements::
* GNU Free Documentation License::
* Indices::
— The Detailed Node Listing —
Overview
* Shared and implicit fallback values for presets::
* Inherit the properties of another named preset::
Installation
* GNU ELPA package::
* Manual installation::
Sample configuration
* Persist font configurations on theme switch::
* Theme-agnostic hook for Emacs 29 or higher::
* Theme-agnostic hook before Emacs 29::
Indices
* Function index::
* Variable index::
* Concept index::
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Overview, Next: Installation, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Overview
**********
Fontaine lets the user specify presets of font configurations and set
them on demand on graphical Emacs frames. The user option
‘fontaine-presets’ holds all such presets.
Presets consist of a list of properties that govern the family,
weight, height, and slant of the faces listed in the value of the
variable ‘fontaine-faces’.
Each preset is identified by a user-defined symbol as the ‘car’ of a
property list. It looks like this (check the default value of
‘fontaine-presets’ for how everything is pieced together):
(regular
;; I keep all properties for didactic purposes, but most can be
;; omitted. See the fontaine manual for the technicalities:
;; <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/fontaine>.
:default-family "Monospace"
:default-weight regular
:default-slant normal
:default-width normal
:default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family nil
:fixed-pitch-weight nil
:fixed-pitch-slant nil
:fixed-pitch-width nil
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:fixed-pitch-serif-family nil
:fixed-pitch-serif-weight nil
:fixed-pitch-serif-slant nil
:fixed-pitch-serif-width nil
:fixed-pitch-serif-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "Sans"
:variable-pitch-weight nil
:variable-pitch-slant nil
:variable-pitch-width nil
:variable-pitch-height 1.0
:mode-line-active-family nil
:mode-line-active-weight nil
:mode-line-active-slant nil
:mode-line-active-width nil
:mode-line-active-height 1.0
:mode-line-inactive-family nil
:mode-line-inactive-weight nil
:mode-line-inactive-slant nil
:mode-line-inactive-width nil
:mode-line-inactive-height 1.0
:header-line-family nil
:header-line-weight nil
:header-line-slant nil
:header-line-width nil
:header-line-height 1.0
:line-number-family nil
:line-number-weight nil
:line-number-slant nil
:line-number-width nil
:line-number-height 1.0
:tab-bar-family nil
:tab-bar-weight nil
:tab-bar-slant nil
:tab-bar-width nil
:tab-bar-height 1.0
:tab-line-family nil
:tab-line-weight nil
:tab-line-slant nil
:tab-line-width nil
:tab-line-height 1.0
:bold-family nil
:bold-slant nil
:bold-weight bold
:bold-width nil
:bold-height 1.0
:italic-family nil
:italic-weight nil
:italic-slant italic
:italic-width nil
:italic-height 1.0
:line-spacing nil)
Multiple presets form an alist (a list of lists), like this:
'((regular
:default-family "Monospace"
;; More properties here
)
(medium
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy Wide")
;; More presets here
)
The doc string of ‘fontaine-presets’ explains all properties in
detail and documents some important caveats or information about font
settings in Emacs.
*note Shared and implicit fallback values for presets::.
The command ‘fontaine-set-preset’ applies the desired preset. If
called interactively, it produces a minibuffer prompt with completion
among the available presets. When called from Lisp, it requires a
‘PRESET’ argument, such as:
(fontaine-set-preset 'regular)
The default behaviour of ‘fontaine-set-preset’ is to change fonts
across all graphical frames. The user can, however, limit the changes
to a given frame. For interactive use, this is done by invoking the
command with a universal prefix argument (‘C-u’ by default), which
changes fonts only in the current frame. When used in Lisp, the FRAME
argument can be a frame object (satisfies ‘framep’) or a non-nil value:
the former applies the effects to the given object, while the latter
means the current frame and thus is the same as interactively supplying
the prefix argument.
As a final step, ‘fontaine-set-preset’ calls the
‘fontaine-set-preset-hook’.
The latest value of ‘fontaine-set-preset’ is stored in a file whose
location is defined in ‘fontaine-latest-state-file’ (normally part of
the ‘.emacs.d’ directory). Saving is done by the function
‘fontaine-store-latest-preset’, which should be assigned to a hook (e.g.
‘kill-emacs-hook’). To restore that value, the user can call the
function ‘fontaine-restore-latest-preset’ (such as by adding it to their
init file).
The command ‘fontaine-toggle-preset’ can toggle between the last two
valid presets, as set by ‘fontaine-set-preset’. If it cannot find two
different presets, then it prompts using minibuffer completion. As a
final step, it calls the ‘fontaine-set-preset-hook’.
For users of the ‘no-littering’ package, ‘fontaine-latest-state-file’
is not stored in their ‘.emacs.d’, but in a standard directory instead:
<https://github.com/emacscollective/no-littering>.
As for the name of this package, it is the French word for “fountain”
which, in turn, is what the font or source is. However, I will not
blame you if you can only interpret it as a descriptive acronym: FONTs
Are Irrelevant in Non-graphical Emacs (because that is actually true).
* Menu:
* Shared and implicit fallback values for presets::
* Inherit the properties of another named preset::
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Shared and implicit fallback values for presets, Next: Inherit the properties of another named preset, Up: Overview
1.1 Shared and implicit fallback values for presets
===================================================
*note Inherit the properties of another named preset::.
The user option ‘fontaine-presets’ may look like this (though check
its default value before you make any edits):
;; NOTE this example does not include all the properties that
;; `fontaine-presets' accepts.
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-family "Hack"
:default-weight normal
:default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family "Fira Code"
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "Noto Sans"
:variable-pitch-weight normal
:variable-pitch-height 1.0
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight bold
:italic-family "Source Code Pro"
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing 1)
(large
:default-family "Iosevka"
:default-weight normal
:default-height 150
:fixed-pitch-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:variable-pitch-weight normal
:variable-pitch-height 1.05
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight bold
:italic-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing 1)))
Notice that not all properties need to be specified, as they have
reasonable fallback values. The above can be written thus (removed
lines are left empty for didactic purposes):
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-family "Hack"
:default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family "Fira Code"
:variable-pitch-family "Noto Sans"
:italic-family "Source Code Pro"
:line-spacing 1)
(large
:default-family "Iosevka"
:default-height 150
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:line-spacing 1)))
Without the empty lines, we have this, which yields the same results
as the first example:
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-family "Hack"
:default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family "Fira Code"
:variable-pitch-family "Noto Sans"
:italic-family "Source Code Pro"
:line-spacing 1)
(large
:default-family "Iosevka"
:default-height 150
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:line-spacing 1)))
We call the properties of the removed lines “implicit fallback
values”.
This already shows us that the value of ‘fontaine-presets’ does not
need to be extensive. To further improve its conciseness, it accepts a
special preset that provides a list of “shared fallback properties”: the
‘t’ preset. This one is used to define properties that are common to
multiple presets, such as the ‘regular’ and ‘large’ we have illustrated
thus far. Here is how verbose presets can be expressed succinctly:
;; NOTE this example does not include all the properties that
;; `fontaine-presets' accepts.
;; Notice the duplication of properties and how we will avoid it.
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy"
:default-weight normal
:default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:variable-pitch-weight normal
:variable-pitch-height 1.05
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight bold
:italic-family nil
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing nil)
(medium
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy"
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 140
:fixed-pitch-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:variable-pitch-weight normal
:variable-pitch-height 1.05
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight bold
:italic-family nil
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing nil)
(large
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy"
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 180
:fixed-pitch-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:variable-pitch-weight normal
:variable-pitch-height 1.05
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight extrabold
:italic-family nil
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing nil)))
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-height 100)
(medium
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 140)
(large
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 180
:bold-weight extrabold)
(t ; our shared fallback properties
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy"
:default-weight normal
;; :default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:variable-pitch-weight normal
:variable-pitch-height 1.05
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight bold
:italic-family nil
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing nil)))
The ‘t’ preset does not need to explicitly cover all properties. It
can rely on the aforementioned “implicit fallback values” to further
reduce its verbosity (though the user can always write all properties if
they intend to change their values). We then have this transformation:
;; The verbose form
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-height 100)
(medium
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 140)
(large
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 180
:bold-weight extrabold)
(t ; our shared fallback properties
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy"
:default-weight normal
;; :default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:variable-pitch-weight normal
:variable-pitch-height 1.05
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight bold
:italic-family nil
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing nil)))
;; The concise one which relies on "implicit fallback values"
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-height 100)
(medium
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 140)
(large
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 180
:bold-weight extrabold)
(t ; our shared fallback properties
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy"
:default-weight normal
:variable-pitch-family "FiraGO"
:variable-pitch-height 1.05)))
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Inherit the properties of another named preset, Prev: Shared and implicit fallback values for presets, Up: Overview
1.2 Inherit the properties of another named preset
==================================================
*note Shared and implicit fallback values for presets::.
When defining multiple presets, we may need to duplicate properties
and then make tweaks to individual values. Suppose we want to have two
distinct presets for presentations: one is for coding related
demonstrations and the other for prose. Both must have some common
styles, but must define distinct font families each of which is suitable
for the given task. In this case, we do not want to fall back to the
generic ‘t’ preset (per the default behaviour) and we also do not wish
to duplicate properties manually, potentially making mistakes in the
process. Fontaine thus provides a method of inheriting a named preset’s
properties by using the ‘:inherit’ property with a value that references
the name of another preset (technically, the ‘car’ of that list). Here
is the idea:
(setq fontaine-presets
'((regular
:default-height 100)
(code-demo
:default-family "Source Code Pro"
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 170
:variable-pitch-family "Sans"
:bold-weight extrabold)
(prose-demo
:inherit code-demo ; copy the `code-demo' properties
:default-family "Sans"
:variable-pitch-family "Serif"
:default-height 220)
(t
:default-family "Monospace"
;; more generic fallback properties here...
)))
In this scenario, the ‘regular’ preset gets all its properties from
the ‘t’ preset. We omit them here in the interest of brevity (see the
default value of ‘fontaine-presets’ and its documentation for the
details). In turn, the ‘code-demo’ specifies more properties and falls
back to ‘t’ for any property not explicitly referenced therein.
Finally, the ‘prose-demo’ copies everything in ‘code-demo’, overrides
every property it specifies, and falls back to ‘t’ for every other
property.
In the interest of simplicity, Fontaine does not support recursive
inheritance. If there is a compelling need for it, we can add it in
future versions.
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Installation, Next: Sample configuration, Prev: Overview, Up: Top
2 Installation
**************
* Menu:
* GNU ELPA package::
* Manual installation::
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: GNU ELPA package, Next: Manual installation, Up: Installation
2.1 GNU ELPA package
====================
The package is available as ‘fontaine’. Simply do:
M-x package-refresh-contents
M-x package-install
And search for it.
GNU ELPA provides the latest stable release. Those who prefer to
follow the development process in order to report bugs or suggest
changes, can use the version of the package from the GNU-devel ELPA
archive. Read:
<https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2022-05-13-emacs-elpa-devel/>.
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Manual installation, Prev: GNU ELPA package, Up: Installation
2.2 Manual installation
=======================
Assuming your Emacs files are found in ‘~/.emacs.d/’, execute the
following commands in a shell prompt:
cd ~/.emacs.d
# Create a directory for manually-installed packages
mkdir manual-packages
# Go to the new directory
cd manual-packages
# Clone this repo, naming it "fontaine"
git clone https://github.com/protesilaos/fontaine fontaine
Finally, in your ‘init.el’ (or equivalent) evaluate this:
;; Make Elisp files in that directory available to the user.
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/manual-packages/fontaine")
Everything is in place to set up the package.
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Sample configuration, Next: Acknowledgements, Prev: Installation, Up: Top
3 Sample configuration
**********************
Remember to read the relevant doc strings.
(require 'fontaine)
(setq fontaine-latest-state-file
(locate-user-emacs-file "fontaine-latest-state.eld"))
;; Iosevka Comfy is my highly customised build of Iosevka with
;; monospaced and duospaced (quasi-proportional) variants as well as
;; support or no support for ligatures:
;; <https://github.com/protesilaos/iosevka-comfy>.
(setq fontaine-presets
'((small
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy Motion"
:default-height 80
:variable-pitch-family "Iosevka Comfy Duo")
(regular) ; like this it uses all the fallback values and is named `regular'
(medium
:default-weight semilight
:default-height 115
:bold-weight extrabold)
(large
:inherit medium
:default-height 150)
(presentation
:default-height 180)
(t
;; I keep all properties for didactic purposes, but most can be
;; omitted. See the fontaine manual for the technicalities:
;; <https://protesilaos.com/emacs/fontaine>.
:default-family "Iosevka Comfy"
:default-weight regular
:default-height 100
:fixed-pitch-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-height 1.0
:fixed-pitch-serif-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:fixed-pitch-serif-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:fixed-pitch-serif-height 1.0
:variable-pitch-family "Iosevka Comfy Motion Duo"
:variable-pitch-weight nil
:variable-pitch-height 1.0
:mode-line-active-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:mode-line-active-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:mode-line-active-height 0.9
:mode-line-inactive-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:mode-line-inactive-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:mode-line-inactive-height 0.9
:header-line-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:header-line-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:header-line-height 0.9
:line-number-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:line-number-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:line-number-height 0.9
:tab-bar-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:tab-bar-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:tab-bar-height 1.0
:tab-line-family nil ; falls back to :default-family
:tab-line-weight nil ; falls back to :default-weight
:tab-line-height 1.0
:bold-family nil ; use whatever the underlying face has
:bold-weight bold
:italic-family nil
:italic-slant italic
:line-spacing nil)))
;; Set the last preset or fall back to desired style from `fontaine-presets'
;; (the `regular' in this case).
(fontaine-set-preset (or (fontaine-restore-latest-preset) 'regular))
;; Persist the latest font preset when closing/starting Emacs and
;; while switching between themes.
(fontaine-mode 1)
;; fontaine does not define any key bindings. This is just a sample that
;; respects the key binding conventions. Evaluate:
;;
;; (info "(elisp) Key Binding Conventions")
(define-key global-map (kbd "C-c f") #'fontaine-set-preset)
* Menu:
* Persist font configurations on theme switch::
* Theme-agnostic hook for Emacs 29 or higher::
* Theme-agnostic hook before Emacs 29::
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Persist font configurations on theme switch, Next: Theme-agnostic hook for Emacs 29 or higher, Up: Sample configuration
3.1 Persist font configurations on theme switch
===============================================
[ Since version ‘2.0.0’, there exists the ‘fontaine-mode’ which does
this automatically. The ‘fontaine-apply-current-preset’ is obsolete as
of 3.0.0-dev because Fontaine is now implemented as a “theme” and thus
does not get overwritten by other themes. ]
Themes re-apply face definitions when they are loaded. This is
necessary to render the theme. For certain faces, such as ‘bold’ and
‘italic’, it means that their font family may be reset (depending on the
particularities of the theme).
To avoid such a potential problem, we can arrange to restore the
current font preset which was applied by ‘fontaine-set-preset’.
Fontaine provides the command ‘fontaine-apply-current-preset’. It can
either be called interactively after loading a theme or be assigned to a
hook that is ran at the post ‘load-theme’ phase.
• *note Theme-agnostic hook for Emacs 29 or higher::
• *note Theme-agnostic hook before Emacs 29::
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Theme-agnostic hook for Emacs 29 or higher, Next: Theme-agnostic hook before Emacs 29, Prev: Persist font configurations on theme switch, Up: Sample configuration
3.2 Theme-agnostic hook for Emacs 29 or higher
==============================================
[ Since version ‘2.0.0’, there exists the ‘fontaine-mode’ which does
this automatically. The ‘fontaine-apply-current-preset’ is obsolete as
of 3.0.0-dev because Fontaine is now implemented as a “theme” and thus
does not get overwritten by other themes. ]
Emacs 29 provides the ‘enable-theme-functions’, which we can use to
persist or restore a font preset thus (*note Persist font configurations
on theme switch::):
(add-hook 'enable-theme-functions #'fontaine-apply-current-preset)
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Theme-agnostic hook before Emacs 29, Prev: Theme-agnostic hook for Emacs 29 or higher, Up: Sample configuration
3.3 Theme-agnostic hook before Emacs 29
=======================================
[ Since version ‘2.0.0’, there exists the ‘fontaine-mode’ which does
this automatically. The ‘fontaine-apply-current-preset’ is obsolete as
of 3.0.0-dev because Fontaine is now implemented as a “theme” and thus
does not get overwritten by other themes. ]
For versions of Emacs before 29, there is no built-in theme-agnostic
solution to persisting or restoring a font preset (*note Theme-agnostic
hook for Emacs 29 or higher::).
Themes have to specify a hook that is called by their relevant
commands at the post-theme-load phase. This can also be done in a
generic way:
;; Set up the `after-enable-theme-hook'
(defvar after-enable-theme-hook nil
"Normal hook run after enabling a theme.")
(defun run-after-enable-theme-hook (&rest _args)
"Run `after-enable-theme-hook'."
(run-hooks 'after-enable-theme-hook))
(advice-add 'enable-theme :after #'run-after-enable-theme-hook)
And then simply use that hook:
(add-hook 'after-enable-theme-hook #'fontaine-apply-current-preset)
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: Acknowledgements, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Sample configuration, Up: Top
4 Acknowledgements
******************
Fontaine is meant to be a collective effort. Every bit of help matters.
Author/maintainer
Protesilaos Stavrou.
Contributions to the code or manual
Christopher League, Eli Zaretskii, Florent Teissier, Jorge Gomez,
Terry F. Torrey.
Ideas and user feedback
Adam Porter (alphapapa), Ashlin Eldridge, Joe Higton, Haruko, Ted
Reed.
File: docwQGvgV.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Indices, Prev: Acknowledgements, Up: Top
Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License
*****************************************
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
“Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
requiring permission under copyright law.
A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
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The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
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If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
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Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
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A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
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To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
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Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
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2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in