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| 1 | + GNU Free Documentation License |
| 2 | + Version 1.1, March 2000 |
| 3 | + |
| 4 | + Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 5 | + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| 6 | + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| 7 | + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +0. PREAMBLE |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| 13 | +written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
| 14 | +the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
| 15 | +modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
| 16 | +this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
| 17 | +credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
| 18 | +modifications made by others. |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
| 21 | +works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| 22 | +complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| 23 | +license designed for free software. |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| 26 | +software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| 27 | +program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| 28 | +software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| 29 | +it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| 30 | +whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| 31 | +principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
| 37 | +notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed |
| 38 | +under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any |
| 39 | +such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is |
| 40 | +addressed as "you". |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
| 43 | +Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| 44 | +modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
| 47 | +the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| 48 | +publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
| 49 | +(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
| 50 | +within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a |
| 51 | +textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
| 52 | +mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| 53 | +connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| 54 | +commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| 55 | +them. |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| 58 | +are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| 59 | +that says that the Document is released under this License. |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | +The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| 62 | +as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| 63 | +the Document is released under this License. |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| 66 | +represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| 67 | +general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and |
| 68 | +straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| 69 | +pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| 70 | +drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| 71 | +for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| 72 | +to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| 73 | +format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage |
| 74 | +subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is |
| 75 | +not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| 78 | +ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
| 79 | +or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
| 80 | +HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include |
| 81 | +PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only |
| 82 | +by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
| 83 | +processing tools are not generally available, and the |
| 84 | +machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output |
| 85 | +purposes only. |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| 88 | +plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| 89 | +this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| 90 | +formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
| 91 | +the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| 92 | +preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +2. VERBATIM COPYING |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| 98 | +commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| 99 | +copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| 100 | +to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| 101 | +conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| 102 | +technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| 103 | +copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| 104 | +compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| 105 | +number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| 108 | +you may publicly display copies. |
| 109 | + |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
| 114 | +and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose |
| 115 | +the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| 116 | +Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| 117 | +the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| 118 | +you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| 119 | +the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| 120 | +visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| 121 | +Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| 122 | +the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| 123 | +as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| 126 | +legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| 127 | +reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| 128 | +pages. |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| 131 | +more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| 132 | +copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| 133 | +a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete |
| 134 | +Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the |
| 135 | +general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no |
| 136 | +charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter |
| 137 | +option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
| 138 | +distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this |
| 139 | +Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location |
| 140 | +until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque |
| 141 | +copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to |
| 142 | +the public. |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| 145 | +Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| 146 | +them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | +4. MODIFICATIONS |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| 152 | +the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| 153 | +the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| 154 | +Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| 155 | +and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| 156 | +of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | +A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| 159 | + from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| 160 | + (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| 161 | + of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| 162 | + if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| 163 | +B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| 164 | + responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| 165 | + Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| 166 | + Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). |
| 167 | +C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| 168 | + Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| 169 | +D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| 170 | +E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| 171 | + adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| 172 | +F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| 173 | + giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| 174 | + terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| 175 | +G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| 176 | + and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| 177 | +H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| 178 | +I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to |
| 179 | + it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| 180 | + publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| 181 | + there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
| 182 | + stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| 183 | + given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| 184 | + Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| 185 | +J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| 186 | + public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| 187 | + the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| 188 | + it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
| 189 | + You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| 190 | + least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| 191 | + publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| 192 | +K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
| 193 | + preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the |
| 194 | + substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
| 195 | + and/or dedications given therein. |
| 196 | +L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| 197 | + unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| 198 | + or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| 199 | +M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
| 200 | + may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| 201 | +N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" |
| 202 | + or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| 203 | + |
| 204 | +If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| 205 | +appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| 206 | +copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| 207 | +of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| 208 | +list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| 209 | +These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| 210 | + |
| 211 | +You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
| 212 | +nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| 213 | +parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| 214 | +been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| 215 | +standard. |
| 216 | + |
| 217 | +You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| 218 | +passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| 219 | +of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| 220 | +Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| 221 | +through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| 222 | +includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| 223 | +by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| 224 | +you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| 225 | +permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| 226 | + |
| 227 | +The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| 228 | +give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| 229 | +imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| 230 | + |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | +5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| 233 | + |
| 234 | +You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| 235 | +License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| 236 | +versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| 237 | +Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| 238 | +list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| 239 | +license notice. |
| 240 | + |
| 241 | +The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| 242 | +multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| 243 | +copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| 244 | +different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| 245 | +adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| 246 | +author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| 247 | +Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| 248 | +Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| 249 | + |
| 250 | +In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" |
| 251 | +in the various original documents, forming one section entitled |
| 252 | +"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", |
| 253 | +and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
| 254 | +entitled "Endorsements." |
| 255 | + |
| 256 | + |
| 257 | +6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| 258 | + |
| 259 | +You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| 260 | +released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| 261 | +License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| 262 | +the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| 263 | +verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| 264 | + |
| 265 | +You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| 266 | +it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| 267 | +License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| 268 | +other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| 269 | + |
| 270 | + |
| 271 | +7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| 272 | + |
| 273 | +A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| 274 | +and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| 275 | +distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version |
| 276 | +of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the |
| 277 | +compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this |
| 278 | +License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled |
| 279 | +with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they |
| 280 | +are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
| 281 | + |
| 282 | +If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| 283 | +copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter |
| 284 | +of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| 285 | +covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. |
| 286 | +Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. |
| 287 | + |
| 288 | + |
| 289 | +8. TRANSLATION |
| 290 | + |
| 291 | +Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| 292 | +distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| 293 | +Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| 294 | +permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| 295 | +translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| 296 | +original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| 297 | +translation of this License provided that you also include the |
| 298 | +original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement |
| 299 | +between the translation and the original English version of this |
| 300 | +License, the original English version will prevail. |
| 301 | + |
| 302 | + |
| 303 | +9. TERMINATION |
| 304 | + |
| 305 | +You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
| 306 | +as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
| 307 | +copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
| 308 | +automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
| 309 | +parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
| 310 | +License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| 311 | +parties remain in full compliance. |
| 312 | + |
| 313 | + |
| 314 | +10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| 315 | + |
| 316 | +The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| 317 | +of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| 318 | +versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| 319 | +differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| 320 | +http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
| 321 | + |
| 322 | +Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| 323 | +If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| 324 | +License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
| 325 | +following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| 326 | +of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| 327 | +Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| 328 | +number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| 329 | +as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| 330 | + |
| 331 | + |
| 332 | +ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| 333 | + |
| 334 | +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| 335 | +the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| 336 | +license notices just after the title page: |
| 337 | + |
| 338 | + Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
| 339 | + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 340 | + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 |
| 341 | + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| 342 | + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
| 343 | + Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
| 344 | + A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
| 345 | + Free Documentation License". |
| 346 | + |
| 347 | +If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
| 348 | +instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no |
| 349 | +Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of |
| 350 | +"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
| 351 | + |
| 352 | +If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| 353 | +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| 354 | +free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
| 355 | +to permit their use in free software. |
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