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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta
name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"
/>
<meta name="description" content="BIRD-bench" />
<meta name="author" content="" />
<link rel="icon" href="./logo/bird_fig_main.png" type="image/x-icon" />
<title>BIRD-bench</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="./style/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<!-- Custom fonts for this template -->
<link
href="./style/font-awesome.min.css"
rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css"
/>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="./style/all.css"
integrity="sha384-mzrmE5qonljUremFsqc01SB46JvROS7bZs3IO2EmfFsd15uHvIt+Y8vEf7N7fWAU"
crossorigin="anonymous"
/>
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link href="./style/clean-blog.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="./style/bird.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
<header class="masthead" id="header-color">
<div style="background-color: #485159; text-align: left">
<img
style="margin-top: 5px; padding: 15px"
height="70px"
src="./logo/damo.png"
/>
<img
style="margin-top: 5px; padding: 15px"
height="70px"
src="./logo/hku.png"
/>
<img
style="margin-top: 5px; padding: 15px"
height="70px"
src="./logo/uiuc.png"
/>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-10 col-md-12 mx-auto">
<div class="row site-heading flex-box">
<div class="col-lg-3">
<img id="logo-img" src="logo/bird_fig_main.png" alt="logo" />
</div>
<div class="col-lg-9">
<div class="align-middle">
<h1 id="bird-title">BIRD-SQL</h1>
<span class="subheading" id="caption">A Big Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded
Text-to-SQLs</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Main Content -->
<div class="container" id="main">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-5">
<div class="list-group">
<div class="list-group-item" id="introduction">
<!-- <div style="display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto; align-items: center;"> -->
<h4>About BIRD</h4>
<img
src="https://badges.toozhao.com/badges/01HFXP6JKNBG5AW3Y5B95DK568/blue.svg"
/>
<!-- </div> -->
<p>
BIRD (<b>BI</b>g Bench for La<b>R</b>ge-scale <b>D</b>atabase
Grounded Text-to-SQL Evaluation) represents a pioneering,
cross-domain dataset that examines the impact of extensive
database contents on text-to-SQL parsing.
<!-- The dataset includes three extra problems that especially resonates with real-world scenarios:
<b>1)</b> the necessity to incorporate external knowledge into parsers; <b>2)</b> the need for parsers to
reason over 'dirty' values;
and <b>3)</b> the requirment to consider efficiency while executing SQLs. -->
BIRD contains over <b>12,751</b> unique question-SQL pairs,
<b>95</b> big databases with a total size of <b>33.4 GB</b>. It
also covers more than <b>37</b> professional domains, such as
blockchain, hockey, healthcare and education, etc.
</p>
<div id="button-group">
<div class="button-row">
<a
href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.03111.pdf"
target="_blank"
>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-a">Paper</button>
</a>
</div>
<div class="button-row">
<a
href="https://github.com/AlibabaResearch/DAMO-ConvAI/tree/main/bird"
target="_blank"
>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-a">Code</button>
</a>
</div>
<div class="button-row">
<a
href="https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev"
target="_blank"
>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-a">
Mini-Dev (500)
</button>
</a>
</div>
<div class="button-row">
<a
href="https://bird-critic.github.io/"
target="_blank"
>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-d">
BIRD-CRITIC 1.0 (SQL)
</button>
</div>
<div class="button-row">
<a href="#" onclick="showLiveSQLBenchMessage(); return false;">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-e">
LiveSQLBench!
</button>
</div>
<div class="button-row" id="button-row-b">
<div class="btn-round">
<a
href="https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/train.zip"
target="_blank"
>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-b">Train Set</button>
</a>
</div>
<div class="btn-round">
<a
href="https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dev.zip"
target="_blank"
>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-b">
🔥 Dev Set
</button>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<style>
.scroll-container {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
max-height: 300px;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
/* Hide the scrollbar by default */
.scroll-container::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 10px;
background: transparent;
}
/* Set the scrollbar thumb color */
.scroll-container::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background-color: #ffffff;
border-radius: 5px;
}
/* Show the scrollbar when the mouse is hovering over the scroll container */
.scroll-container:hover::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 10px;
}
.scroll-container:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
background-color: #555;
}
</style>
<script>
// A new function for BIRD-CRITIC
function showBirdCriticMessage() {
alert(
"BIRD-CRITIC is the first SQL debugging benchmark investigating whether LLMs can effectively resolve user issues in real-world database applications. It contains 600 tasks in dev and 200 OOD hidden tests. The full challenges in BIRD-SQL 2025 are under collaboration with Google Cloud.\n\n" +
"Key Highlights:\n" +
"• 5 popular SQL dialects: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLServer, Oracle, and one OOD dialect\n" +
"• Challenging tasks that go beyond SELECT (e.g., CREATE TRIGGER, UPDATE constraints, SQL Optimization)\n" +
"• Each task is derived from real-world user cases and reproduced within the BIRD environment, verified by human experts\n" +
"• Multi-thread sandbox enabling fast and robust evaluation\n" +
"• Professionally curated test cases for each task.\n" +
"We will release a PREVIEW set in this month and full set next month. Email us if you have some suggestions or new contents that you want to see!\n\n" +
"Other exciting Sibling benchmarks you may expect in BIRD-SQL 2025:\n" +
"• BIRD-CRITIC 1.5 (Repo-level Code Debugging for Real-World DB Applications)\n" +
"• BIRD-Interact\n" +
"• BIRD-Vision\n" +
"• BIRD-Pro & BIRD-Pro Max: The second generation of BIRD-SQL covering comprehensive DB operations / BI querying with new open-source enterprise-level databases with thousands of columns, advanced constrains and TB-level data."
);
}
</script>
<script>
function showLiveSQLBenchMessage() {
alert(
"Inspired by great LiveCodeBench, we're developing LiveSQLBench to provide a robust and contamination-free evaluation for text-to-SQL models on challenging, comprehensive benchmark, which will be updated periodically.\n\n" +
"LiveSQLBench (BIRD-SQL Pro v0.5) will feature diverse real-world user queries, including Business Intelligence (BI), CRUD operations, etc.\n\n" +
"Each release will include 50 new, fully open-source DBs curated by the BIRD team through expert collaboration and continuous improvement. It will cover a wide range of database sizes, from end-user level (around 39 columns) to industrial level (1340+ columns), catering to various query types.\n\n" +
"Look for LiveSQLBench to launch in March! And more exciting text-to-SQL evaluations on the way~ :) "
);
}
</script>
<div class="list-group-item" id="news">
<h4>News</h4>
<div class="scroll-container">
<div
class="card card-outline-secondary mb-4"
style="text-align: left"
>
<div class="card-body" style="background-color: #f1f6f9">
<ul style="padding-left: 0">
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #B03052;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce">Feb. 4, 2025:</strong></span> We've launched <a href="https://bird-critic.github.io/">BIRD-Critic (a.k.a SWE-SQL)</a>, a brand new text-to-SQL benchmark that really digs into reasoning challenges! A lite version is ready for exploration. Full sets are coming soon! Feel free for any feedbacks! Your inputs and suggestions are much appreciated!
</li>
<!-- <li style="list-style-type: none;"><span style="background-color: #22A699; color: white; padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 5px;"><strong style="color: #FFE7CE">May. 27, 2024:</strong></span> Glad to share our paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.15307">Before Generation, Align it! A Novel and Effective Strategy for Mitigating Hallucinations in Text-to-SQL Generation (TA-SQL)</a>, which will appear at <code><strong>ACL 2024</strong></code> Findings. This is a light but effective method to calbriate hallucinations of text-to-SQL generation. Additionally, we firstly introduce Pythonic prompts for text-to-SQL and include results on open-source LLMs.</li> -->
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #B03052;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce">Nov. 26, 2024:</strong></span> Thanks the support of <code>BIRD-SQL 2023</code>!
Now we are pleased to share that the project <strong><code>BIRD 2025</code></strong> has been started.
It will contains 4-6 new benchmarks with each covering its special focus of professional databases and their knowledge in the wild applications.
<strong>We will release the first benchmark by early Jan</strong>. Feel free to let us know your needs or suggestions for cooking new generations of Text-to-SQL challenges. Thanks!</a>
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #22a699;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Aug. 4, 2024:</strong></span> The Reward-based Valid Efficiency Score (R-VES) will be used as the efficiency metric for future test submissions.
The rationale and formula for R-VES can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev">Mini-Dev repository</a>.
You can check the legacy VES scores for previous submissions <a href="https://abundant-dawn-033.notion.site/BIRD-VES-Leaderboard-Legacy-7aea622573dd42c59a1bcdb122d2cf44?pvs=4">here</a>.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Jun. 30, 2024:</strong
></span
> Due to large requests of test submissions about mixed
models (open-source + GPU-based closed source), we
update the submission instructions to accelerate your
waiting time. Please check it out!
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Jun. 30, 2024:</strong
></span
>
If you are interested in code agent, please do not miss a SOTA code agent implementation by <a href="https://github.com/All-Hands-AI/OpenHands/tree/main/evaluation/bird">OpenDevin</a> for BIRD Dev!
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Jun. 27, 2024:</strong
></span
>
Excited to announce the release of our
<a
ref="https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/tree/main"
>BIRD Mini-Dev dataset</a
>
with 500 high-quality examples. This dataset includes
all BIRD keywords, with modifications for questions such
as the addition of <code>window function</code>. We are
the first to deliver it in not only
<strong>SQLite</strong>, but also
<strong>MySQL</strong>, and <strong>PostgreSQL</strong>.
We include Soft-F1 and R-VES metrics to reduce bias.
Don't miss the <code>column_meaning.json</code> file,
preprocessed by TA-SQL. Available for dev and testing
set. Check out our work here:
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.15307"
>Before Generation, Align it! A Novel and Effective
Strategy for Mitigating Hallucinations in Text-to-SQL
Generation (TA-SQL)</a
>, appearing at
<code><strong>ACL 2024</strong></code> Findings.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Apr. 27, 2024:</strong
></span
>
Due to large volume of requests, we now modify the
license of our data to
<code><strong>CC BY-SA 4.0</strong></code
>. However, we will not take responsibility of any bad
purposes by using our data. Since we develop this
benchmark for research and healthy application only.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Mar 13, 2024:</strong
></span
>
Please also take a look at our related work:
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05307"
>Tapilot-Crossing</a
>, which is the first challenging and more realistic
benchmark designed to evaluate Large Language Model
(LLM) agents on interactive data analysis tasks. The
code includes Python and Private Library. And it covers
6 common agent actions in evaluation.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Sept 25, 2023:</strong
></span
>
We have released a cleaner version of
<code>dev set</code>. Please download dev set again. We
checked all cases of dev set and fixed all errors that
we found. After cleaning, the ChatGPT (gpt-3.5-turbo)
and GPT4 (gpt-4-32k) EX scores have improved to
<strong>42.24</strong> (from 37.22) and
<strong>49.15</strong> (from 46.35), respectively.
Thanks for all feedbacks!
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #ffe7ce"
>Sept 21, 2023:</strong
></span
>
Our paper has been accepted by
<code><strong>NeurIPS 2023</strong></code> as a
<code><strong>Spotlight</strong></code
>!!! Thanks for all the efforts and suggestions of
co-authors, anonymous reviewers, awesome
researchers/users in github or emails.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #f6f1f1"
>July 17, 2023:</strong
></span
>
We update newest results of GPT-4, Claude-2 and Palm-2.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #f6f1f1"
>July 14, 2023:</strong
></span
>
The data link has been updated, fixing the schema names
in the CSV files. Additionally, tied results caused by
<code>order_by limit 1</code> are now considered. Both
SQL queries - with and without accounting for tied
results - are valid at this time.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #f6f1f1"
>Jun 12, 2023:</strong
></span
>
We are welcome to any suggestions and reported gold
errors in
<a
href="https://github.com/AlibabaResearch/DAMO-ConvAI/issues/39"
>help_wanted</a
>. Any of your help is appreciated!
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #f6f1f1"
>Jun 5, 2023:</strong
></span
>
We open-sourced our
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.07507">Graphix-T5</a
>, a graph-aware semi-pretrained text-to-text PLM
specifically designed to improve multi-hop reasoning for
the complex text-to-SQL task.
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none">
<span
style="
background-color: #4f709c;
color: white;
padding: 2px 4px;
border-radius: 5px;
"
><strong style="color: #f6f1f1"
>May 30, 2023:</strong
></span
>
If you are interested in ICL, please check out our
interesting work
<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.13016.pdf"
>deep-thinking🤔.</a
>
Generate 1000 models for 1000 people smoothly!
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="list-group-item" id="illustration">
<h4>Surprise from BIRD</h4>
<p>
<b>1. Large and Dirty values:</b> Due to the nature of the
real-world scenarios from which BIRD's database values were
collected, they typically retain their original and frequently
"dirty" format. Hence, text-to-SQL parsers must first analyze
these values to account for their non-standard format before
engaging in reasoning.
</p>
<img
src="./img/dirty_1.png"
class="column-img"
id="dirty-img-1"
style="margin: 0 auto"
/>
<img
src="./img/dirty_2.png"
class="column-img"
id="dirty-img-2"
style="margin: 0 auto"
/>
<p>
<b>2. External Knowledge:</b> "account.type = 'OWNER'" can be
inferred by the knowledge evidence: "The condition of the loans
require the account type should be the owner."
</p>
<img
src="./img/ex_kg_2.png"
class="column-img"
id="kg-img"
style="margin: 0 auto"
/>
<p>
<b>3. Text-to-Efficient-SQL:</b> BIRD is the first text-to-SQL
benchmark designed to encourage semantic parsers to produce SQL
queries that are not only correct but also efficient. This
emphasis on efficiency is especially valuable in real-world data
/ business analysis circumstances.
</p>
<img
src="./img/efficient_sql.png"
class="column-img"
id="eff-img"
style="margin: 0 auto"
/>
</div>
<!-- <div class="list-group-item">
<h4>Download Dataset</h4>
<p>We are cleaning and checking our databases, SQLs, Question, and Knowledge carefully. Will come up soon!</p>
<p class="text-center">
<a href="https://bird-bench.github.io/"><button type="button" class="btn btn-success", id="code">BIRD Code Nest</button></a>
</p>
</div> -->
<div class="list-group-item">
<h4>Submission</h4>
<p>
Please follow the Submission Guideline (below) and contact
<code>[email protected]</code> for test evaluation.
Ususally, we will return your results in 10 days!
</p>
<style>
.btn-a {
border-radius: 25px; /* Adjust this value to change the roundness of the button */
}
.btn-a:hover {
background-color: #22a699; /* Change the background color when the cursor is over the button */
}
</style>
<div class="button-row">
<a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Rs6d_pcs2vfqW4Ymub7Wb1XtBNlrc-WfH3T7U1ktuBo/edit?usp=sharing"
target="_blank"
>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-a">
Submission Guidelines
</button>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="list-group-item">
<h4>Subscribe to BIRD Update</h4>
<p>
Bird is a long-term research project aimed at bridging the gap
between semantic parsing models and the success of database
applications. To receive the latest updates of the dataset, you
can leave your email address.
</p>
<form onsubmit="return submitForm();">
<input
type="email"
id="email"
name="email"
placeholder="Email address"
required
/>
<button type="submit">Subscribe</button>
</form>
<p id="message"></p>
</div>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Email Subscription</title>
<script>
function submitForm() {
var email = document.getElementById("email").value;
var url =
"https://script.google.com/macros/s/AKfycbynv6Ibnl9gJosprkRmXhbKtllZX8dqrbj_xQkcbZ_NgEDBxwyjz1xyvIvnm_4yPh3ZPA/exec";
var data = "email=" + encodeURIComponent(email);
fetch(url, {
method: "POST",
body: data,
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
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document.getElementById("message").innerHTML =
"<i>Subscribe Successfully! Thanks for your attention!</i>";
})
.catch((error) => {
console.error("Error:", error);
});
return false;
}
</script>
</head>
<div class="list-group-item">
<h4>Citation</h4>
<!-- <pre id="citation">
@misc{li2023llm,
title={Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLs},
author={Jinyang Li and Binyuan Hui and Ge Qu and Binhua Li and Jiaxi Yang and Bowen Li and Bailin Wang and Bowen Qin and Rongyu Cao and Ruiying Geng and Nan Huo and Chenhao Ma and Kevin C. C. Chang and Fei Huang and Reynold Cheng and Yongbin Li},
year={2023},
eprint={2305.03111},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}</pre> -->
<pre id="citation">
@article{li2024can,
title={Can llm already serve as a database interface? a big bench for large-scale database grounded text-to-sqls},
author={Li, Jinyang and Hui, Binyuan and Qu, Ge and Yang, Jiaxi and Li, Binhua and Li, Bowen and Wang, Bailin and Qin, Bowen and Geng, Ruiying and Huo, Nan and others},
journal={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
volume={36},
year={2024}
}</pre
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-7">
<div class="card card-outline-secondary">
<div class="card-header">Leaderboard - Execution Accuracy (EX)</div>
<div class="table-wrapper">
<table class="table" id="ex-table">
<thead class="thead-light">
<tr>
<th scope="col" rowspan="1"></th>
<th
scope="col"
rowspan="1"
class="align-middle text-center"
>
Model
</th>
<th
scope="col"
rowspan="1"
class="align-middle text-center"
>
Code
</th>
<th
scope="col"
rowspan="1"
class="align-middle text-center"
>
Size
</th>
<th
scope="col"
rowspan="1"
class="align-middle text-center"
>
Oracle Knowledge
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="1" class="text-center">Dev (%)</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="1" class="text-center">
Test (%)
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="table-success">
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center"><br /></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
Human Performance<br />
<span class="affiliation"
>Data Engineers + DB Students</span
><br /><a href="" class="paperlink"></a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"><b>92.96</b></td>
</tr>
<!-- <tr class="table-success">
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center"><br>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">Human Performance<br>
<span class="affiliation">Data Engineers + DB Students</span><br><a href="" class="paperlink"></a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"><b>72.37</b></td>
</tr> -->
<tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Dec 17, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">XiYan-SQL<br>
<span class="affiliation">Alibaba Cloud</span><br><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.08599" class="paperlink">[Yifu Liu et al. '24]</a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"><a href="https://github.com/XGenerationLab/XiYan-SQL">[link]</a></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">73.34</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"><b>75.63</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Nov 24, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">CHASE-SQL + Gemini<br>
<span class="affiliation">Google Cloud</span><br><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01943" class="paperlink">[Pourreza et al. '24]</a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">74.46</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">74.79</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Nov 11, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">DSAIR + GPT-4o<br>
<span class="affiliation">AT&T - CDO</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">74.32</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">74.12</td>
</tr>
<!-- <tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Nov 3, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">CHASE-SQL + Gemini<br>
<span class="affiliation">Google Cloud</span><br><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01943" class="paperlink">[Pourreza et al. '24]</a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">73.14</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">74.06</td>
</tr> -->
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Oct 27, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
ExSL + granite-34b-code<br />
<span class="affiliation">IBM Research AI</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">34B</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">72.43</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">73.17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Aug 21, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">OpenSearch-SQL, v2 + GPT-4o<br>
<span class="affiliation">Alibaba Cloud</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">69.30</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">72.28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Jul 22, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"> Distillery + GPT-4o<br>
<span class="affiliation">Distyl AI Research</span><br><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.07702" class="paperlink">[Maamari et al. '24]</a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">67.21</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">71.83</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">May 21, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
CHESS<sub>IR +</sub><sub>CG +</sub><sub>UT</sub><br />
<span class="affiliation">Stanford</span><br /><a
href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.16755"
class="paperlink"
>[Talaei et al.'24]</a
>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
<a href="https://github.com/ShayanTalaei/CHESS">[link]</a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">68.31</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">71.10</td>
</tr>
<!--
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Aug 1, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
ExSL + granite-34b-code<br />
<span class="affiliation">IBM Research AI</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">34B</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">67.47</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">70.37</td>
</tr>
-->
<tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Aug 28, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">Insights AI<br>
<span class="affiliation">Uber Freight</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">72.16</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">70.26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Aug 30, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">PURPLE + RED + GPT-4o<br>
<span class="affiliation">Fudan University + Transwarp Technology </span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">68.12</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">70.21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Nov 10, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
PB-SQL, GPT-4o<br />
<span class="affiliation">Seoul National University</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">68.64</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">69.26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Jan 9, 2025</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
GSR<br />
<span class="affiliation">Anonymous</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">66.88</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">69.26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Dec 18, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
TC-SQL<br />
<span class="affiliation">mindflow.ai</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">70.93</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">69.20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row" class="align-middle text-center counter-cell">
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Jan 09, 2025</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">XiYanSQL-QwenCoder-32B<br>
<span class="affiliation">Alibaba Cloud</span><br><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.08599" class="paperlink">[Yifu Liu et al. '24]</a>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"><a href="https://github.com/XGenerationLab/XiYanSQL-QwenCoder-32B">[link]</a></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">32B</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">67.01</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">69.03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"
>
<span class="badge badge-secondary">Jul 14, 2024</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">
RECAP + Gemini<br />
<span class="affiliation">Google Cloud</span>
</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center"></td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">UNK</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">✔️</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">66.95</td>
<td class="align-middle text-center">69.03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
scope="row"
class="align-middle text-center counter-cell"