diff --git a/src/ggml-cuda/clamp.cu b/src/ggml-cuda/clamp.cu
index 611db8864..fe415e7f7 100644
--- a/src/ggml-cuda/clamp.cu
+++ b/src/ggml-cuda/clamp.cu
@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
 #include "clamp.cuh"
 
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_clamp(float x, float min, float max) {
+    return fminf(fmaxf(x, min), max);
+}
+
 template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_clamp(const T * x, T * dst, const T min, const T max, const int k) {
+static __global__ void op_clamp_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const T min, const T max, const int k) {
     const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
     if (i >= k) {
         return;
     }
 
-    dst[i] = x[i] < min ? min : (x[i] > max ? max : x[i]);
+    dst[i] = (T)op_clamp((float)x[i], (float)min, (float)max);
 }
 
 template <class T>
 static void clamp_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const T min, const T max, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
     const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_clamp<<<num_blocks, CUDA_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, min, max, k);
+    op_clamp_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, min, max, k);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu b/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
index 9b0eaaccd..ec5773e01 100644
--- a/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
+++ b/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
@@ -1,447 +1,213 @@
 #include "unary.cuh"
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_abs(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dst[i] = fabsf(x[i]);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_abs(float x) {
+    return fabsf(x);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_sgn(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dst[i] = (T)(x[i] > (T)0.f ? 1.f : ((x[i] < (T)0.f ? -1.f : 0.f)));
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_sgn(float x) {
+    return (x > 0.f ? 1.f : ((x < 0.f ? -1.f : 0.f)));
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_neg(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dst[i] = -x[i];
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_neg(float x) {
+    return -x;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_step(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dst[i] = x[i] > (T)0.0f;
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_step(float x) {
+    return x > 0.0f;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_gelu(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const T GELU_COEF_A    = 0.044715f;
-    const T SQRT_2_OVER_PI = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_gelu(float x) {
+    const float GELU_COEF_A    = 0.044715f;
+    const float SQRT_2_OVER_PI = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
 
-    T xi = x[i];
-    dst[i] = (T)0.5f*xi*((T)1.0f + (T)tanhf(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*xi*((T)1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*xi*xi)));
+    return 0.5f*x*(1.0f + tanhf(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x*x)));
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_gelu_quick(const T * x, T * dst, int k) {
-    const T GELU_QUICK_COEF = -1.702f;
-    const int i  = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] * ((T)1.0f / ((T)1.0f + (T)expf(GELU_QUICK_COEF * x[i])));
-}
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_gelu_quick(float x) {
+    const float GELU_QUICK_COEF = -1.702f;
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_silu(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] / ((T)1.0f + (T)expf(-x[i]));
+    return x * (1.0f / (1.0f + expf(GELU_QUICK_COEF * x)));
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_silu_back(
-        const T * grad, const T * xf, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const T xfi = xf[i];
-    const T s = (T)1.0f / ((T)1.0f + (T)expf(-xfi));
-    dst[i] = grad[i] * s * ((T)1.0f + xfi * ((T)1.0f - s));
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_silu(float x) {
+    return x / (1.0f + expf(-x));
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_tanh(const T * x, T * dst, int k) {
-    const int i  = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = tanhf(x[i]);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_tanh(float x) {
+    return tanhf(x);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_relu(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = fmaxf(x[i], 0);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_relu(float x) {
+    return fmaxf(x, 0);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_sigmoid(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = (T)1.0f / ((T)1.0f + (T)expf(-x[i]));
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_sigmoid(float x) {
+    return 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-x));
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_hardsigmoid(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (x[i] + (T)3.0f) / (T)6.0f));
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_hardsigmoid(float x) {
+    return fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (x + 3.0f) / 6.0f));
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_hardswish(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] * (T)fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (x[i] + (T)3.0f) / (T)6.0f));
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_hardswish(float x) {
+    return x * fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (x + 3.0f) / 6.0f));
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_exp(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = expf(x[i]);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_exp(float x) {
+    return expf(x);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_leaky_relu(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const float negative_slope) {
-    const int i  = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = (T)fmaxf(x[i], 0) + (T)fminf(x[i], 0.0f) * (T)negative_slope;
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_sqr(float x) {
+    return x * x;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_sqr(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] * x[i];
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_sqrt(float x) {
+    return sqrtf(x);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_sqrt(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sqrtf(x[i]);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_sin(float x) {
+    return sinf(x);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_sin(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sinf(x[i]);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_cos(float x) {
+    return cosf(x);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_cos(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = cosf(x[i]);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_log(float x) {
+    return logf(x);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static __global__ void op_log(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
+template <float (*op)(float), typename T>
+static __global__ void unary_op_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
     const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
     if (i >= k) {
         return;
     }
-    dst[i] = logf(x[i]);
-}
 
-template <class T>
-static void abs_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_abs<<<num_blocks, CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+    dst[i] = (T)op((float)x[i]);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void sgn_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+template <float (*op)(float), typename T>
+static void unary_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
     const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_sgn<<<num_blocks, CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+    unary_op_kernel<op><<<num_blocks, CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void neg_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_neg<<<num_blocks, CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
-}
+template <float (*op)(float)>
+void ggml_cuda_op_unary(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
 
-template <class T>
-static void step_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_STEP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_STEP_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_step<<<num_blocks, CUDA_STEP_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
-}
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
-template <class T>
-static void gelu_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_gelu<<<num_blocks, CUDA_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
-}
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
 
-template <class T>
-static void gelu_quick_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_gelu_quick<<<num_blocks, CUDA_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        unary_cuda<op>((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
+    } else {
+        unary_cuda<op>((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
+    }
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void silu_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_silu<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_abs(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_abs>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void silu_back_cuda(const T * grad, const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SILU_BACK_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_silu_back<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SILU_BACK_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(grad, x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_sgn(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_sgn>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void tanh_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_TANH_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_TANH_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_tanh<<<num_blocks, CUDA_TANH_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_neg(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_neg>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void relu_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_relu<<<num_blocks, CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_step(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_step>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void sigmoid_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_sigmoid<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_gelu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_gelu>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void hardsigmoid_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_HARDSIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_HARDSIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_hardsigmoid<<<num_blocks, CUDA_HARDSIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_gelu_quick>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void hardswish_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_HARDSWISH_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_HARDSWISH_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_hardswish<<<num_blocks, CUDA_HARDSWISH_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_silu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_silu>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void exp_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_exp<<<num_blocks, CUDA_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_tanh(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_tanh>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void leaky_relu_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const float negative_slope, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_leaky_relu<<<num_blocks, CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k, negative_slope);
+void ggml_cuda_op_relu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_relu>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void sqr_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_sqr<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_sigmoid(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_sigmoid>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void sqrt_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_sqrt<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_hardsigmoid(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_hardsigmoid>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void sin_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_sin<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_hardswish(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_hardswish>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void cos_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_COS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_COS_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_cos<<<num_blocks, CUDA_COS_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_exp(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_exp>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-static void log_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_COS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_COS_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    op_log<<<num_blocks, CUDA_COS_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k);
+void ggml_cuda_op_sqr(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_sqr>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_abs(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        abs_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        abs_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+void ggml_cuda_op_sqrt(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_sqrt>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_sgn(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        sgn_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        sgn_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+void ggml_cuda_op_sin(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_sin>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_neg(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        neg_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        neg_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+void ggml_cuda_op_cos(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_cos>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_step(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        step_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        step_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+void ggml_cuda_op_log(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_log>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_gelu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+/* silu_back */
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        gelu_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        gelu_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_silu_back(float grad, float x) {
+    const float s = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-x));
+    return grad * s * (1.0f + x * (1.0f - s));
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_silu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+template <class T>
+static __global__ void silu_back_kernel(const T * grad, const T * xf, T * dst, const int k) {
+    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    dst[i] = (T)op_silu_back((float)grad[i], (float)xf[i]);
+}
 
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        silu_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        silu_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+template <class T>
+static void silu_back_cuda(const T * grad, const T * x, T * dst, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SILU_BACK_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    silu_back_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SILU_BACK_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(grad, x, dst, k);
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_silu_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -467,137 +233,27 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_silu_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+/* leaky relu */
 
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        gelu_quick_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        gelu_quick_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_leaky_relu(float x, const float negative_slope) {
+    return fmaxf(x, 0) + fminf(x, 0.0f) * negative_slope;
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_tanh(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        tanh_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        tanh_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_relu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        relu_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        relu_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_sigmoid(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+template <class T>
+static __global__ void leaky_relu_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const float negative_slope) {
+    const int i  = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        sigmoid_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        sigmoid_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
     }
-}
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_hardsigmoid(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        hardsigmoid_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        hardsigmoid_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+    dst[i] = (T)op_leaky_relu((float)x[i], negative_slope);
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_hardswish(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        hardswish_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        hardswish_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_exp(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        exp_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        exp_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
+template <class T>
+static void leaky_relu_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const float negative_slope, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    leaky_relu_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k, negative_slope);
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -621,98 +277,3 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
         leaky_relu_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), negative_slope, stream);
     }
 }
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_sqr(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        sqr_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        sqr_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_sqrt(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        sqrt_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        sqrt_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_sin(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        sin_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        sin_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_cos(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        cos_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        cos_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_log(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
-    void * dst_d = dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        log_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    } else {
-        log_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
-    }
-}