Go: Support `GOPROXY` via the Dependabot proxy #9530

Job	Run time
check-codeql-versions	47s
analyze-actions	53s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-22.04)	4m 6s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 56s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-24.04, linked)	4m 5s
analyze-javascript (macos-14)	4m 21s
analyze-javascript (macos-13)	10m 18s
analyze-javascript (windows-2022, linked)	6m 3s
analyze-javascript (windows-2019, linked)	7m 29s
analyze-javascript (macos-14, linked)	3m 58s
analyze-javascript (macos-13, linked)	8m 5s
analyze-javascript (windows-2022)	6m 54s
analyze-javascript (windows-2019)	6m 55s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-22.04, linked)	4m 2s
	1h 11m 52s

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