runtime/pprof: crash "cannot read stack of running goroutine" in goroutine profile [1.24 backport]

[gopherbot]

@rhysh requested issue #74090 to be considered for backport to the next 1.24 minor release.

@gopherbot please backport. The same root cause also affects Go 1.23 and Go 1.24 (not as crashes, but as incomplete profiles when collected early in a the program's lifetime) in the form of #74338.

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/684017 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.24] runtime: handle system goroutines later in goroutine profiling