I have prototypes for macOS/iOS, Linux and Android that queries an arbitrary resource record using the system resolver. It's Go code using cgo.

Some observations:

libresolv doesn't work on Android and iOS because you can't query localhost:53.
libresolv is bad, since it's blocking and doesnt' allow for cancellation.
On Android you can call android_res_nquery from C/C++
Apple was a pain to figure out due to lack of documentation. I found their source code to be helpful and I have pointers in my code. This repo has example clients as well.
I haven't tried Windows yet, but I was going to try the DnsQueryEx api (example).

Edit (2025-03-26):
It looks like Go already has syscall.DnsQuery on Windows, which is what is used for the TXT record.
It uses DnsQuery_W under the hood. It may be better to use windows.DnsQuery though, since it's more explicit.

Edit (2025-07-14)
On Linux, it's possible so use systemd-resolved as a better alternative to libresolv. We can use the native C api sd-bus. There are wrappers available (e.g. go-systemd, dbus)

x/net/dns/dnsmessage: add support for SVCB and HTTPS records #43790

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