App.hs

{-|
Module      : PostgREST.App
Description : PostgREST main application

This module is in charge of mapping HTTP requests to PostgreSQL queries.
Some of its functionality includes:

- Mapping HTTP request methods to proper SQL statements. For example, a GET request is translated to executing a SELECT query in a read-only TRANSACTION.
- Producing HTTP Headers according to RFCs.
- Content Negotiation
-}
{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
module PostgREST.App
  ( postgrest
  , run
  ) where


import Control.Monad.Except     (liftEither)
import Data.Either.Combinators  (mapLeft)
import Data.Maybe               (fromJust)
import Data.String              (IsString (..))
import Network.Wai.Handler.Warp (defaultSettings, setHost, setPort,
                                 setServerName)

import qualified Data.Text.Encoding       as T
import qualified Network.Wai              as Wai
import qualified Network.Wai.Handler.Warp as Warp

import qualified PostgREST.Admin      as Admin
import qualified PostgREST.ApiRequest as ApiRequest
import qualified PostgREST.AppState   as AppState
import qualified PostgREST.Auth       as Auth
import qualified PostgREST.Cors       as Cors
import qualified PostgREST.Error      as Error
import qualified PostgREST.Listener   as Listener
import qualified PostgREST.Logger     as Logger
import qualified PostgREST.Plan       as Plan
import qualified PostgREST.Query      as Query
import qualified PostgREST.Response   as Response
import qualified PostgREST.Unix       as Unix (installSignalHandlers)

import PostgREST.ApiRequest           (ApiRequest (..))
import PostgREST.AppState             (AppState)
import PostgREST.Auth                 (AuthResult (..))
import PostgREST.Config               (AppConfig (..), LogLevel (..))
import PostgREST.Config.PgVersion     (PgVersion (..))
import PostgREST.Error                (Error)
import PostgREST.Network              (resolveHost)
import PostgREST.Observation          (Observation (..))
import PostgREST.Response.Performance (ServerTiming (..),
                                       serverTimingHeader)
import PostgREST.SchemaCache          (SchemaCache (..))
import PostgREST.Version              (docsVersion, prettyVersion)

import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS
import qualified Data.List             as L
import qualified Network.HTTP.Types    as HTTP
import qualified Network.Socket        as NS
import           Protolude             hiding (Handler)
import           System.TimeIt         (timeItT)

type Handler = ExceptT Error

run :: AppState -> IO ()
run appState = do
  let observer = AppState.getObserver appState
  conf@AppConfig{..} <- AppState.getConfig appState

  AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState -- Loads the initial SchemaCache
  Unix.installSignalHandlers (AppState.getMainThreadId appState) (AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState) (AppState.readInDbConfig False appState)

  Listener.runListener appState

  Admin.runAdmin appState (serverSettings conf)

  let app = postgrest configLogLevel appState (AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState)

  case configServerUnixSocket of
    Just path -> do
      observer $ AppServerUnixObs path
    Nothing   -> do
      port <- NS.socketPort $ AppState.getSocketREST appState
      host <- resolveHost $ AppState.getSocketREST appState
      observer $ AppServerPortObs (fromJust host) port

  Warp.runSettingsSocket (serverSettings conf) (AppState.getSocketREST appState) app

serverSettings :: AppConfig -> Warp.Settings
serverSettings AppConfig{..} =
  defaultSettings
    & setHost (fromString $ toS configServerHost)
    & setPort configServerPort
    & setServerName ("postgrest/" <> prettyVersion)

-- | PostgREST application
postgrest :: LogLevel -> AppState.AppState -> IO () -> Wai.Application
postgrest logLevel appState connWorker =
  traceHeaderMiddleware appState .
  Cors.middleware appState .
  Auth.middleware appState .
  Logger.middleware logLevel Auth.getRole $
    -- fromJust can be used, because the auth middleware will **always** add
    -- some AuthResult to the vault.
    \req respond -> case fromJust $ Auth.getResult req of
      Left err -> respond $ Error.errorResponseFor err
      Right authResult -> do
        appConf <- AppState.getConfig appState -- the config must be read again because it can reload
        maybeSchemaCache <- AppState.getSchemaCache appState
        pgVer <- AppState.getPgVersion appState

        let
          eitherResponse :: IO (Either Error Wai.Response)
          eitherResponse =
            runExceptT $ postgrestResponse appState appConf maybeSchemaCache pgVer authResult req

        response <- either Error.errorResponseFor identity <$> eitherResponse
        -- Launch the connWorker when the connection is down.  The postgrest
        -- function can respond successfully (with a stale schema cache) before
        -- the connWorker is done.
        when (isServiceUnavailable response) connWorker
        resp <- do
          delay <- AppState.getNextDelay appState
          return $ addRetryHint delay response
        respond resp

postgrestResponse
  :: AppState.AppState
  -> AppConfig
  -> Maybe SchemaCache
  -> PgVersion
  -> AuthResult
  -> Wai.Request
  -> Handler IO Wai.Response
postgrestResponse appState conf@AppConfig{..} maybeSchemaCache pgVer authResult@AuthResult{..} req = do
  sCache <-
    case maybeSchemaCache of
      Just sCache ->
        return sCache
      Nothing ->
        throwError Error.NoSchemaCacheError

  body <- lift $ Wai.strictRequestBody req

  let jwtTime = if configServerTimingEnabled then Auth.getJwtDur req else Nothing

  (parseTime, apiReq@ApiRequest{..}) <- withTiming $ liftEither . mapLeft Error.ApiRequestError $ ApiRequest.userApiRequest conf req body sCache
  (planTime, plan)                   <- withTiming $ liftEither $ Plan.actionPlan iAction conf apiReq sCache
  (queryTime, queryResult)           <- withTiming $ Query.runQuery appState conf authResult apiReq plan sCache pgVer (Just authRole /= configDbAnonRole)
  (respTime, resp)                   <- withTiming $ liftEither $ Response.actionResponse queryResult apiReq (T.decodeUtf8 prettyVersion, docsVersion) conf sCache iSchema iNegotiatedByProfile

  return $ toWaiResponse (ServerTiming jwtTime parseTime planTime queryTime respTime) resp

  where
    toWaiResponse :: ServerTiming -> Response.PgrstResponse -> Wai.Response
    toWaiResponse timing (Response.PgrstResponse st hdrs bod) = Wai.responseLBS st (hdrs ++ ([serverTimingHeader timing | configServerTimingEnabled])) bod

    withTiming :: Handler IO a -> Handler IO (Maybe Double, a)
    withTiming f = if configServerTimingEnabled
        then do
          (t, r) <- timeItT f
          pure (Just t, r)
        else do
          r <- f
          pure (Nothing, r)

traceHeaderMiddleware :: AppState -> Wai.Middleware
traceHeaderMiddleware appState app req respond = do
  conf <- AppState.getConfig appState

  case configServerTraceHeader conf of
    Nothing -> app req respond
    Just hdr ->
      let hdrVal = L.lookup hdr $ Wai.requestHeaders req in
      app req (respond . Wai.mapResponseHeaders ([(hdr, fromMaybe mempty hdrVal)] ++))

addRetryHint :: Int -> Wai.Response -> Wai.Response
addRetryHint delay response = do
  let h = ("Retry-After", BS.pack $ show delay)
  Wai.mapResponseHeaders (\hs -> if isServiceUnavailable response then h:hs else hs) response

isServiceUnavailable :: Wai.Response -> Bool
isServiceUnavailable response = Wai.responseStatus response == HTTP.status503