From 698c90879ec467f4f440709b7c3536a03a381da4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: megonen Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:31:26 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 01/11] pqc: import the post-quantum cryptography benchmark Snapshot of megonen/pqc-bench @ d5636d1 (formerly pq-bench-rpi5), imported verbatim into tools/benchmarks/pqc/. It measures the migration cost of moving from the cryptography Logos uses today (X25519 + Ed25519) to PQ candidates: four measurement groups (liboqs, RustCrypto, aws-lc-rs pricing rows, and a TLS 1.3 handshake matrix across openssl-native, oqs-provider and rustls+aws-lc-rs), organised by migration phase, in one self-describing schema-2.0.0 results JSON. Imported here rather than into logos-blockchain-pocs (where it was proposed as commit 1382002) because this is a measurement tool, not a proof-of-concept implementation: it belongs next to the other benchmark harnesses in tools/benchmarks/. What this snapshot brings over the earlier pq-bench-rpi5-consolidated state: * narrowed sudo: the run escalates only for the CPU-governor write; measurement, in-run cargo builds and all results run as the invoking user (kills root-owned .work-*/target artifacts and cargo-as-root) * the Fedora fix series, verified in a Fedora 42 container and on a real Fedora 44 machine: x86 cpu-features path, silent-failure ERR traps + logged build steps, usable OpenSSL source-build path (libdir=lib, rpath, install_ssldirs, vendored reuse), family-aware package hints, and a permanent `make test-fedora` container gate * generalized naming; the Raspberry Pi 5 remains the baseline reference platform by definition (gate unchanged) * published dataset grown to 4 runs: RPi5 baseline + Apple M3 + Apple M4 Pro + Fedora 44 x86_64 (first x86 datapoint) Dashboard: https://megonen.github.io/pqc-bench/ (cherry picked from commit 59bef0ddf7c35a5b32ce459c3074e416e8b12021) --- tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore | 75 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile | 46 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile | 54 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md | 655 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md | 184 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py | 261 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py | 162 + .../benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt | 40 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/requirements.txt | 1 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/Makefile | 52 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c | 659 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py | 625 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/list_algs.py | 59 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/miniyaml.py | 151 + .../benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/Cargo.lock | 325 + .../benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/Cargo.toml | 22 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/build.rs | 53 + .../pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/bench.rs | 269 + .../benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/main.rs | 481 + .../pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/primitives.rs | 267 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.lock | 469 + 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.../results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json | 13829 +++++++ .../results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json | 24177 +++++++++++++ .../results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json | 5152 +++ .../results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json | 8179 +++++ .../results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json | 10825 ++++++ .../results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json | 21404 +++++++++++ .../results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json | 10555 ++++++ tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh | 377 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/bench-run.sh | 33 + .../benchmarks/pqc/scripts/build-toolchain.sh | 100 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/check-env.sh | 177 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/install-deps.sh | 54 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh | 242 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh | 57 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh | 342 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/setup.sh | 295 + tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/versions.env | 70 + 57 files changed, 179571 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore 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tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/bench-run.sh create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/build-toolchain.sh create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/check-env.sh create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/install-deps.sh create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh create mode 100644 tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh create mode 100755 tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/setup.sh create mode 100644 tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/versions.env diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d255df --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +# Build trees / vendored deps (rebuilt by setup/setup.sh) +/vendor/ +/build/ +setup/versions.lock + +# Compiled harness binaries +bench/kem_sig/bench_pq +bench/tls/bench_tls +*.o + +# Generated TLS material +bench/tls/pki/ + +# Per-run scratch dirs (intermediate artifacts; never committed) +results/.work-*/ + +# Local results are kept by users, not committed by default. +# Comment the next line out if you DO want to commit your machine's results. +results/*.json +!results/example-*.json +# Published baseline-grade RPi5 run (auto-calibrated full run) +!results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json +# Baseline-grade RPi5 run adding the code-based + conservative-LWE KEMs +# (Classic McEliece + FrodoKEM); kept as its own file, baseline above untouched. +!results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json +# Mac (Apple M3) cross-platform run: apple-m3-optimized from-source liboqs, +# KEM/sig reps=5 (same auto-calibrate regime as the Pi). NOT baseline-grade +# (unpinned, no governor) by design; provenance self-stamped in the JSON. Kept +# as its own file for the tuned-vs-portable comparison; Pi baselines untouched. +!results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json +# Consolidated baseline-grade RPi5 run (KEM + sig + TLS in one pass); supersedes +# the two older split files (0614 KEM/sig + 0608 TLS) as the single Pi baseline. +!results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json + +# Merged dataset consumed by the dashboard. Tracked: ships the published RPi5 +# baseline so a fresh clone renders charts out-of-the-box. Contributors who +# re-merge overwrite it locally (modified file they can commit or discard). +analyze/png/ + +# Python venv (matplotlib lives here; system python stays clean) +analyze/.venv/ + +# Machine-local Claude Code settings (never shared) +.claude/settings.local.json + +# Python / OS cruft +__pycache__/ +*.pyc +.DS_Store +# Consolidated Mac (Apple M3) run in the published Logos snapshot; cited by the +# companion document's provenance section (supersedes 20260624T140033Z, which +# was KEM/sig only — no TLS cells). +!results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json +# Community RPi5 run cited by the companion document (file to be added). +!results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json + +# Rust harness build tree (bench/rust — Cargo.lock IS committed) +bench/rust/target/ + +# rustls TLS harness build tree (bench/rust-tls — Cargo.lock IS committed) +bench/rust-tls/target/ +# Consolidated schema-2.0.0 Mac (Apple M3) run: all four measurement groups +# (liboqs, rustcrypto+dalek, aws-lc-rs pricing rows, three-stack TLS phase +# matrix), apple-m3 tuned build. Not yet in published_runs.txt — the published +# set flips wholesale once the Pi companion run exists. +!results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json +# Consolidated schema-2.0.0 RPi5 baseline run (whitelisted here so snapshot +# copies of this .gitignore don't silently exclude the published baseline; +# the file was originally force-added on the Pi). +!results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json + +# Published 2026-07-30: Apple M4 Pro + Fedora 44 x86_64 cross-platform runs +# (see analyze/published_runs.txt for provenance) +!results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json +!results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7b99d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# ============================================================================= +# Reproducible BUILD of the PQ benchmark C toolchain on Debian aarch64 (the +# same OS family as Raspberry Pi OS / Ubuntu on the RPi5). +# +# COVERAGE NOTE: C toolchain ONLY (liboqs / OpenSSL / oqs-provider). This image +# installs no Rust, so the RustCrypto (bench/rust) and rustls (bench/rust-tls) +# measurement groups are not built here, and the image has not been re-verified +# since those groups were added. The verified setup paths are the bare-metal +# ones in README.md / RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md. +# +# This image is for BUILDING ONLY — it is NOT for running the benchmark. +# +# docker build -t pq-bench-rpi5 . # build + pin the toolchain +# +# Run the MEASUREMENT bare-metal on the host, never in the container. A +# container cannot reliably control the CPU governor, pin to an isolated core, +# or read the Pi's SoC thermal/throttle sensors (vcgencmd) — the three knobs the +# reference-grade gate depends on — so an in-container run could never be +# baseline-grade and would only add noise. Build here if you like; then: +# +# ./run.sh # on the host (see README) +# ============================================================================= +FROM debian:bookworm-slim + +ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive +RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \ + build-essential cmake ninja-build git perl pkg-config \ + python3 python3-venv ca-certificates \ + libssl-dev cpufrequtils util-linux \ + && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* + +WORKDIR /app +COPY . /app + +# Build + pin the toolchain at image-build time so the image is self-contained. +# (Comment this out to keep the image thin and run setup.sh at container start.) +RUN ./setup/setup.sh all || (echo "setup failed — see log above" && exit 1) + +# Optional: matplotlib PNG export in an isolated venv. +RUN python3 -m venv analyze/.venv \ + && analyze/.venv/bin/pip install --no-cache-dir -r analyze/requirements.txt + +ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "-lc"] +# This image builds the toolchain; it does not run the benchmark. The default +# command just says so — run the measurement bare-metal on the host (see README). +CMD ["echo 'Toolchain built. Run the benchmark BARE-METAL on the host (./run.sh) — Docker is for reproducible builds only; a container cannot meet the baseline-grade gate.'"] diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0aba2fa --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# ============================================================================= +# pqc-bench — executable documentation. `make help` lists everything. +# +# Design rules (docs/history behind them: the cold-read round): +# * `check` is READ-ONLY; `deps` is the only target that installs anything. +# * No stamp files — skip decisions use live probes and real artifacts +# (an upgraded OpenSSL or deleted toolchain always triggers a rebuild). +# * `smoke`/`run` depend on `build` only: `test`'s hygiene checks must never +# block a 30-minute measurement. Run `make test` before trusting results. +# * All test artifacts live in /tmp — never results/ or bench/tls/pki/. +# ============================================================================= +SHELL := /bin/bash +.DEFAULT_GOAL := help + +.PHONY: help check deps build test test-fedora smoke run merge dashboard clean distclean + +help: ## list targets + @grep -E '^[a-z-]+:.*##' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | awk -F':.*## ' '{printf " make %-10s %s\n", $$1, $$2}' + +check: ## verify the environment (read-only; prints per-platform install hints) + @scripts/check-env.sh + +deps: ## OPT-IN: install missing system deps (brew/apt/dnf); add RUST=1 for rustup + @scripts/install-deps.sh + +build: check ## C toolchain (liboqs/OpenSSL/oqs-provider) + bench binaries + Rust harnesses + @scripts/build-toolchain.sh + +test: build ## fast verification gate (~1-2 min): correctness blocks, hygiene warns + @scripts/selftest.sh + +test-fedora: ## check/build/test in a Fedora container (Red Hat paths/packages/degradation; SMOKE=1 adds a smoke run; not a benchmark) + @scripts/test-fedora.sh + +smoke: build ## all-four-groups smoke benchmark (1 rep, 50 handshakes/cell) + @scripts/bench-run.sh --smoke + +run: build ## full benchmark run (~30 min Pi / ~36 min M3); sudo handled per-platform + @scripts/bench-run.sh + +merge: ## regenerate dashboard/data/merged.json from the published_runs manifest + python3 analyze/merge.py + +dashboard: ## serve the dashboard over HTTP (does NOT touch merged.json; see 'merge') + @echo "serving http://localhost:8000 (Ctrl-C to stop)" + @cd dashboard && python3 -m http.server 8000 + +clean: ## remove bench binaries and Rust target trees + $(MAKE) -C bench/kem_sig clean + $(MAKE) -C bench/tls clean + rm -rf bench/rust/target bench/rust-tls/target + +distclean: clean ## additionally remove the vendored C toolchain (forces full rebuild) + rm -rf vendor setup/versions.lock diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2536bef --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,655 @@ +# pqc-bench + +A reproducible, general-purpose **post-quantum cryptography benchmark** +(formerly `pq-bench-rpi5`) whose baseline **reference platform** is the +**Raspberry Pi 5** (Broadcom BCM2712, Cortex-A76, +aarch64). Anyone can run it on their own Pi 5 and the results aggregate and +compare apples-to-apples. + +**Framing — migration cost.** How much does moving from the cryptography Logos +uses *today* (X25519 key exchange + Ed25519 signatures) to PQ candidates cost on +validator-grade hardware? Every chart draws that classical baseline as the +reference line, so the PQ "tax" is always visible. + +Hooks are left for a later SNARK/STARK phase (see `config.yaml`); it is not +implemented yet. + +--- + +## What gets measured + +The benchmark targets **four measurement groups**, all landing in the same +self-describing results JSON and distinguished by a per-row `implementation` +field: + +1. **liboqs — KEM + signatures** *(implemented)*: ML-KEM, Classic McEliece, + FrodoKEM, ML-DSA, Falcon, SLH-DSA, plus the classical X25519/Ed25519 + baselines via OpenSSL EVP (`implementation: liboqs` / `openssl`). +2. **RustCrypto — KEM + signatures** *(implemented — `bench/rust`)*: pure-Rust + implementations as an independent second source + (`implementation: rustcrypto`), measured by a Rust harness (`pqb-rust`) + that deliberately replicates `bench_pq.c`'s clock + (`clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)` via libc), auto-calibration, and + median/MAD statistics so the two groups are methodologically comparable. + Crates (pinned exactly; `Cargo.lock` committed; all pre-1.0 and + **unaudited** — fine for benchmarking): `ml-kem 0.3.2`, `ml-dsa 0.1.1`, + `slh-dsa 0.2.0-rc.5`, plus `x25519-dalek 3.0.0` / `ed25519-dalek 3.0.0` + for the in-family classical anchors. Signing is **hedged**, matching + liboqs. Coverage: ML-KEM 512/768/1024, ML-DSA 44/65/87, SLH-DSA SHA2 + 128f/128s/192f/256f, X25519, Ed25519. Rust signature rows carry **two + verify shapes**: `verify` (decode public key from wire bytes + verify — + the call shape of both `OQS_SIG_verify` and a TLS handshake) and + `verify_cached_key` (pre-parsed key object, expansion amortised — the + long-lived-peer pattern); their difference is the pk parse/expansion cost. + Totals use `verify`. **Not covered** — Falcon, Classic + McEliece and FrodoKEM have no mature pure-Rust implementation; those cells + stay genuinely absent rather than being filled by an FFI wrapper (pqcrypto, + liboqs-rust, aws-lc-rs), which would not be an independent source. The + dependency tree is verified free of liboqs/PQClean/C-FFI. Requires + cargo/rustc; if absent the group is skipped and the reason recorded in the + results. +3. **TLS 1.3 handshakes by migration phase** *(implemented — two stacks)*: + - `implementation: openssl-native` — OpenSSL ≥ 3.5's **own** PQC, the + production-relevant path. The harness loads no provider for these rows + and **asserts at runtime that no OQS provider is active**. Matrix: + baseline (X25519+Ed25519), phase0 (X25519MLKEM768, SecP256r1MLKEM768 and + pure MLKEM512/768/1024, each + Ed25519 — the harvest-now-decrypt-later + configuration), phase2 (X25519MLKEM768 and the pure groups × + ML-DSA-44/65/87, with natively generated ML-DSA certificates). + - `implementation: oqs-provider` — the full experimental-provider matrix, + kept in full: its ML-DSA cells deliberately overlap the native matrix + (same protocol + algorithms under two stacks isolates provider overhead), + and its Falcon and SLH-DSA (`sphincssha2128fsimple`) cells exist **only** + here — native OpenSSL can issue SLH-DSA certificates but cannot negotiate + SLH-DSA in TLS 1.3 (the IETF codepoints are still draft), so that row + being provider-only is itself a finding. +4. **rustls + aws-lc-rs TLS 1.3 handshakes** *(implemented — `bench/rust-tls`)*: + the Rust TLS stack (`implementation: rustls-awslc`), same phase structure + and same in-memory methodology (`pqb-rust-tls` mirrors `bench_tls.c`: same + clock, same fixed connections+warmup loop, same statistics and + bytes-on-wire/ClientHello accounting). Coverage — measured: X25519, + X25519MLKEM768, SecP256r1MLKEM768, pure MLKEM768/MLKEM1024, against + Ed25519 (baseline/phase0) and ML-DSA-44/65/87 (phase2, using the natively + generated certificates). Recorded as `enabled:false` rows, not hidden: + rustls 0.23 has **no MLKEM512** group, and **SLH-DSA is absent from + rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely** — so across both production stacks SLH-DSA in + TLS 1.3 exists only in the experimental oqs-provider. **Unstable-feature + caveat**: the ML-DSA rows ride `rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable` + (aws-lc-rs's `unstable` ML-DSA API) and carry `unstable_features: true` + in the row itself. **Two-variables caveat**: rustls-vs-OpenSSL compares + two protocol implementations AND two crypto backends (aws-lc-rs vs + OpenSSL native) at once — the variables are not separable from these + numbers, and this is not a language comparison. Unlike `bench/rust`, this + group makes no pure-Rust claim (aws-lc-rs wraps the AWS-LC C library). + To price these handshakes' primitive sums correctly, the run also measures + **aws-lc-rs pricing rows** (`implementation: aws-lc-rs`: ML-KEM-768/1024, + ML-DSA-44/65/87, X25519, secp256r1, Ed25519, same bench_pq methodology) — + explicitly the primitives these handshakes execute, NOT an independent + implementation; Stage 3's exclusion of FFI wrappers from the pure-Rust + group stands. Sums are priced strictly per-stack: C-stack cells from + liboqs/openssl rows, rustls cells from aws-lc-rs rows, never across. + +| Layer | Metrics | +|-------|---------| +| **KEM** | keygen / encaps / decaps wall-clock (median, MAD, IQR, min, max, mean, stddev, ops/sec) · a keygen+encaps+decaps total · pk/sk/ct sizes · heap high-water | +| **Signature** | keygen / sign / verify wall-clock (same stats) · a keygen+sign+verify total · pk/sig sizes | +| **TLS 1.3** | full-handshake latency · handshakes/sec · bytes-on-wire · ClientHello size (+ fragmentation flag) · a per-cell primitive-operation sum (below) — as a matrix of (KEM group × signature) | + +The **classical baseline** (X25519 / Ed25519 / X25519+Ed25519) is always +included as the reference point — measured as a real primitive via OpenSSL, not +hand-waved. + +### Migration phases (TLS) + +Every TLS matrix cell carries a `phase` field from our migration framework: + +- **`baseline`** — classical KEM group + classical signature + (X25519 + Ed25519): what Logos runs today. +- **`phase0`** — PQ or hybrid KEM group + **classical** signature + (e.g. X25519MLKEM768 + Ed25519): the harvest-now-decrypt-later protection + actually deployed on today's internet. +- **`phase2`** — PQ signature (e.g. X25519MLKEM768 + ML-DSA-65): full PQ + authentication. + +### Per-operation values vs totals + +Per-operation medians (±MAD) remain the primary data. In addition, every +KEM/sig row carries a `total.sum_of_medians_ns` aggregate, and every enabled +TLS cell carries a `handshake_primitive_sum` block: the sum of the primitive +operations that one handshake actually performs (hybrid groups include **both** +components — e.g. X25519MLKEM768 = 2× X25519 keygen + 2× derive + ML-KEM-768 +keygen/encaps/decaps — plus the signature sign + verifies), with the exact +component list, counts and medians spelled out in the JSON so the number is +auditable. These are **sums of medians** — derived figures, labelled as such, +not measured latencies; the gap between `handshake_primitive_sum` and the +measured handshake latency is the protocol overhead. + +--- + +## Project layout + +``` +pqc-bench/ + setup/ build + pin liboqs, OpenSSL 3.5+, oqs-provider (versions.env / versions.lock) + bench/kem_sig/ bench_pq.c primitive KEM/sig harness (liboqs + OpenSSL EVP baselines) + bench/tls/ bench_tls.c in-process TLS 1.3 handshake harness (OpenSSL API; + openssl-native + oqs-provider matrices) + run_tls.sh PKI generation + three-stack phase-matrix driver + bench/rust/ pqb-rust pure-Rust (RustCrypto) primitive harness + dalek anchors + bench/rust-tls/ pqb-rust-tls rustls + aws-lc-rs TLS harness + aws-lc-rs pricing rows + bench/lib/ assemble.py / merge helpers / miniyaml.py (zero-dep YAML) + results/ results/-.json (one per run, full metadata) + analyze/ merge.py (combine machines) + plot.py (matplotlib PNGs, optional venv) + dashboard/ static HTML/JS (Chart.js) — no backend, GitHub-Pages deployable + run.sh governor + taskset + thermal wrapper + orchestrator + config.yaml candidate lists (extend here) + Dockerfile reproducible Debian-aarch64 build +``` + +--- + +## Quick start + +### Prerequisites (all platforms — read this first) + +- **OpenSSL ≥ 3.5 with its DEVELOPMENT files** (the project pins the 3.5.x + LTS line): the `openssl` binary alone is **not** enough — liboqs and + oqs-provider compile and link against libcrypto, so you need the headers + too (`libssl-dev` on Debian, **`openssl-devel` on Fedora/RHEL**, keg-only + Homebrew `openssl@3.5` on macOS). `make check` verifies this with a real + compile-and-link probe against the exact OpenSSL the build will use and + prints the right package name for your platform. Systems older than 3.5 + trigger an automatic source build (+15–30 min). +- **Rust toolchain (rustup)** — required for **two of the four measurement + groups** (RustCrypto primitives and the rustls TLS matrix). Install stable + via [rustup.rs](https://rustup.rs); if cargo is absent the run completes but + those groups are skipped (with recorded reasons). The rustls harness + compiles the AWS-LC C library on first build — several minutes, once. +- **cmake** (liboqs and the AWS-LC build), a C compiler, **git**, **python3** + (stdlib only). `make deps` installs these on Debian-family (apt), + Fedora/RHEL-family (dnf) and macOS (brew); other distros get the package + list printed. +- **liboqs must be the vendored, pinned build — never a system copy.** The + harness refuses to link a distro `liboqs-devel`: an unpinned liboqs would + silently change what is measured (and the pinned oqs-provider expects + exactly the pinned liboqs' headers). `make build` produces the vendored + build; `make test` verifies the built binaries actually link it. +- Any Linux or macOS box works: non-Pi hosts run fine and are stamped + `is_baseline_grade=false` with reasons — only a Raspberry Pi 5 under the + controlled conditions below produces reference-grade rows. + +### The make targets (all platforms — executable documentation) + +The setup and run steps live in the **Makefile**, so they can't drift from +reality the way prose does; `make help` lists everything. The flow: + +```bash +git clone && cd pqc-bench +make check # read-only: verifies the environment — including that the + # OpenSSL the build will use has its DEVELOPMENT files + # (compile-and-link probe) — and prints per-platform install + # commands for anything missing (installs nothing) +make deps # OPT-IN installer for what check reported: apt / dnf / brew + # per platform (add RUST=1 for rustup) +make build # C toolchain + bench binaries + both Rust harnesses (as your + # user — it refuses to run cargo as root, and refuses to link + # a system liboqs) +make test # ~1-2 min verification gate (21 checks): harness correctness + # gates, LINK-TARGET verification (vendored liboqs + pinned + # OpenSSL, via otool/ldd), the three TLS stacks incl. the + # native no-OQS-provider assertion, cross-implementation size + # agreement, schema round-trip; repo-hygiene checks warn + # without blocking +make smoke # all-four-groups pipeline check (1 rep, 50 handshakes/cell) +make test-fedora # check+build+test in a Fedora container (podman/docker; + # SMOKE=1 adds a smoke run) — covers the Red Hat platform + # differences Mac+Pi testing structurally cannot catch (dnf + # package split, lib64 defaults, x86 /proc/cpuinfo shape); + # exercises degradation paths, produces no measurement data +make run # the full benchmark (~30 min Pi 5 / ~36 min M3) +make merge # rebuild dashboard/data/merged.json from the published manifest +make dashboard # serve the dashboard over HTTP (view only; never mutates data) +``` + +`make run`/`make smoke` handle privilege correctly per platform. The run needs +root for exactly one step — writing `performance` into the sysfs CPU-governor +files — so on Linux they cache sudo credentials once up front (`sudo -v`) and +only that step escalates (`sudo -n`); the measurement itself, including the +cargo builds and all result files, runs as your user. (The old whole-run sudo +design left root-owned `results/.work-*` and `target/` artifacts behind and +needed a fragile `sudo env RUSTUP_HOME=…` workaround for cargo — all gone.) +On macOS no escalation of any kind is used. `NOSUDO=1 make run` skips the +sudo attempt and honestly records the governor demerit. `build`'s skip logic uses live checks (artifacts + `openssl version` +against the lock), never stamp files — upgrading OpenSSL triggers a rebuild +instead of being silently masked. + +### On a Raspberry Pi 5 (the real measurement target) + +Follow **[RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md](RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md)** for the +Pi-specific context (cooling, PSU, governor, baseline-grade); the commands are +the same targets: `make check && make build && make test && make run`. + +**On `sudo`:** it is **optional, not a prerequisite.** The only thing it does is +set the CPU governor to `performance` — none of the crypto needs root. `./run.sh` +runs fine without it: it warns, skips the governor step, completes the run, and +the results JSON is automatically stamped `is_baseline_grade=false` (governor +demerit). So use `sudo` when you want a baseline-grade reference run; drop it for +a quick local run you don't intend to submit. + +`./run.sh --smoke` runs tiny iteration counts as a fast pipeline check. +`./run.sh --kemsig-only` / `--tls-only` scope the run. `--iters/--warmup/--reps` +override the `config.yaml` knobs. + +### On macOS (cross-platform reference / smoke testing) + +Same targets: `make check` tells you what to `brew install` (or `make deps` +does it for you), then `make build && make test && make smoke`. Runs are +stamped `is_baseline_grade=false` with reasons, by design: + +> **macOS runs are cross-platform / smoke data, never baseline-grade — by +> design, for three concrete reasons:** +> 1. **Not a Raspberry Pi**, so it fails the gate's first condition outright. +> 2. **No userspace cycle counter, and ~1 µs timer granularity.** macOS exposes +> no readable PMU cycle counter and its wall-clock quantizes to ~1 µs steps — +> a ~10% floor on the fastest ops (ML-KEM ~10 µs), negligible for anything +> ≥100 µs (McEliece, FrodoKEM). (See "Timing source" under Measurement +> methodology below.) +> 3. **No Linux cpufreq governor, and core-pinning isn't guaranteed.** Two of the +> noise-control knobs the gate relies on — `performance` governor and a pinned +> core — aren't available, and the build flags aren't `cortex-a76` either. +> +> Every macOS results file records `is_baseline_grade=false` with the exact +> reasons, and the dashboard shows such runs labelled **"cross-platform +> reference — not baseline-grade"** (shown and labelled, never mixed with or +> mistaken for the Pi reference). They still produce +> **useful cross-platform numbers** (the heavier McEliece/FrodoKEM ops are barely +> affected by the timer floor) — they just can't meet the controlled reference +> bar, hence smoke-only. + +### Docker (reproducible build — build only, never run) + +Docker is for reproducibly **building** the pinned C toolchain (liboqs / +OpenSSL / oqs-provider), not for running the benchmark: + +```bash +docker build -t pqc-bench . # builds + pins the C toolchain inside the image +``` + +> **Coverage note:** the image covers the **C toolchain only** — it installs no +> Rust, so the RustCrypto and rustls harnesses are not built in it, and it has +> not been re-verified since those measurement groups were added. Its Debian 12 +> base also predates the system-OpenSSL-3.5 path, so `setup.sh` source-builds +> OpenSSL inside the image. Treat it as a legacy convenience for the C +> toolchain; the verified paths are the bare-metal ones above. + +**Run the measurement bare-metal on the host.** A container can't reliably set +the CPU governor, pin to an isolated core, or read the Pi's thermal/throttle +sensors — the noise-control knobs the reference-grade gate relies on — so an +in-container run could never be baseline-grade and would only add jitter. Build +in Docker if you like; then run `./run.sh` on the host. + +--- + +## Measurement methodology (why the numbers are credible) + +`run.sh` is the wrapper that makes a number defensible: + +- **CPU governor → `performance`** (Linux; needs `sudo`). Recorded before/after. + If it can't be set (e.g. not root) the run **continues anyway**: it warns, + proceeds, and the missing governor becomes an `is_baseline_grade=false` + demerit. `sudo` is only ever for this step — never for the crypto. +- **Core pinning via `taskset -c 3`.** This is a **single-operation latency** + benchmark (one keygen, one encaps, one sign — timed in isolation), not a + parallel-throughput one, so pinning the whole sweep to one core keeps that + core's cache warm and removes cross-core migration scheduling noise, which + tightens the median and MAD. The Pi 5 has 4 cores (0–3); core **3** is chosen + because core 0 typically absorbs the most OS/IRQ/RPS work. The pinned core and + exact `taskset` command are recorded. + - *Planned (separate axis):* a multi-core **throughput/scaling** mode — run an + op across 1..N cores and report ops/sec plus scaling efficiency per + algorithm. Some schemes (SLH-DSA, and later STARK proving) parallelize far + better than others, so it's a worthwhile dimension — but kept **separate** + from these per-op latency numbers, not mixed into them. +- **Thermal/clock trace.** A background sampler logs ARM clock + (`vcgencmd measure_clock arm`) and SoC temperature (`vcgencmd measure_temp`) + ~once a second for the whole run. The full trace is embedded in the results + JSON, and **thermal throttling** (`vcgencmd get_throttled`, plus a clock-droop + heuristic) is detected and flagged — a throttled run is not baseline-grade. +- **Warmup + N timed iterations, multiple repetitions.** Primary metric is + wall-clock nanoseconds via `clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)`. We report + **median, MAD, IQR, min, max, mean, stddev, ops/sec**, plus per-repetition + medians — not just a mean. +- **Timing source — two clocks, honestly recorded.** There are two ways to time + an op: + 1. **Cycle-based** via the ARM hardware cycle counter (`PMCCNTR_EL0`) — the + most precise, but on Linux **userspace can't read it by default**: the + register traps unless a kernel module enables the userspace PMU (e.g. + `enable_arm_pmu`). + 2. **Time-based** wall-clock via `clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)` — always + available, and accurate enough for the millisecond/microsecond ranges here. + + The harness probes the cycle counter and, when it isn't available, **falls + back to wall-clock and records exactly that** in the JSON + (`run.cycles_available=false` + the reason). **On a stock machine the cycle + counter is not available, so runs use the wall-clock timer by default** — and + both published runs reflect this: the RPi5 baseline and the macOS run *both* + have `cycles_available=false` (both wall-clock). The remaining difference + between them is wall-clock **granularity**, not clock *type*: the Pi's + wall-clock lands on fractional microseconds, while macOS quantizes to ~1 µs + steps — a ~10% resolution floor on the fastest ops (ML-KEM keygen ~10 µs), + negligible for anything ≥100 µs (McEliece, FrodoKEM). +- **CPU features / Keccak acceleration.** NEON, SHA2, SHA3, SHA512, AES, PMULL + are detected (`/proc/cpuinfo` on Linux, `sysctl` on macOS). **Note:** the + Cortex-A76 has the SHA2/AES extensions but **not** the ARMv8.2 SHA3 + extension, so on the Pi 5 Keccak runs on NEON/scalar code — the results record + both the hardware capability and whether liboqs was compiled with SHA3 + instructions, so this is explicit rather than assumed. + +### The AArch64-optimized backend + +liboqs is built with `OQS_DIST_BUILD=OFF` and the pinned flags so the optimized +aarch64 ML-KEM backend (`mlkem-native`) and Falcon/Keccak asm are compiled in. +`setup/setup.sh` extracts the proof from the generated `oqsconfig.h` (e.g. +`OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1`) into `versions.lock`, which is stamped +into every results file under `toolchain.liboqs_opt_defines`. + +--- + +## Methodology & trustworthiness (verify it yourself) + +Every claim below points at the exact code so you can read it, not take our word. +All `bench_pq.c` references are `bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c`. + +1. **Correctness gate — broken crypto emits *zero* numbers.** Before any timing, + each algorithm runs a full round-trip and asserts it: for KEM, + keygen→encaps→decaps then `memcmp(ss_encaps, ss_decaps)` + (`bench_pq.c:357-363`); for signatures, keygen→sign→`verify` must succeed + (`bench_pq.c:428-434`). On any failure, `die()` prints to **stderr** and + `exit(3)` (`bench_pq.c:303-307`) — and the JSON is only printed *after* all + measurement (`bench_pq.c:372-381`), so a failed gate yields **no stdout at + all**. The gate runs once, *outside* the timed loop. A runtime guard + (`must_measure`, `bench_pq.c:311-315`) also aborts if a timed op ever fails + mid-run. *Verify it:* flip one byte of the decaps shared secret right before + `bench_pq.c:362`, rebuild, run — the process exits `3` with empty stdout. + +2. **No dead-code elimination — the `volatile` sink.** At `-O3` the compiler may + delete work whose result is never observed. Each timed op folds an output + byte into a file-scope `volatile uint64_t g_sink` (`bench_pq.c:300`; uses at + `:333,:336,:339,:407,:410,:486`), forcing the store to be materialized so the + crypto call **cannot** be optimized away. Without it the loop could time + nothing and report meaningless near-zero numbers. + +3. **What is timed — only the op, never setup.** The timed region brackets a + single `fn(ctx)` call between two `now_ns()` reads (`bench_pq.c:274-281`); + per-rep warmup runs *outside* it (`bench_pq.c:272-273`). Inputs are canonical + and pre-validated, so e.g. KEM decaps (`bench_pq.c:337-339`) times one + `OQS_KEM_decaps` and nothing else. For the X25519 baseline, keygen is timed + separately (`bench_pq.c:507`), a stable key is re-primed *outside* timing + (`bench_pq.c:509`), then derive is timed alone (`bench_pq.c:510`) — setup is + never folded into a measured number. + +4. **Per-op auto-calibration with clamps.** `calibrate_op` (`bench_pq.c:209-250`) + runs a doubling probe (`:223-230`, also cache warmup) to estimate per-op cost + `est_ns` (`:231`), then picks iterations to hit `target_time_ms` of real work + (`:234-235`), clamped to `[min_samples, max_iters]` (`:236-237`). So a fast + 18 µs keygen and a 0.74 s SLH-DSA sign each get the iteration count *they* + need: slow ops floor at `min_samples` (30), fast ops ceil at `max_iters` + (20000). The chosen `timed_iters` and `calib_est_ns` are recorded per op. + +5. **Robust statistics — median + MAD.** `compute_stats` (`bench_pq.c:111-146`) + reports median, MAD, IQR, q1/q3, min, max, mean, stddev, ops/sec, plus + per-repetition medians (`print_stats_json`, `bench_pq.c:184-203`). The + headline metric is the **median**, with **MAD** as spread: timing + distributions are right-skewed with a hard floor (true cost) and a long tail + of OS-scheduling/interrupt contamination that drags mean/stddev but not + median/MAD. Mean and stddev are kept in the JSON so the skew is visible. The + clock is `clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)` (`bench_pq.c:44-48`); userspace PMU + cycles are probed and honestly reported absent when they trap + (`probe_pmu`, `bench_pq.c:66-86`). + +6. **`is_baseline_grade` demerit gate.** Computed in + `bench/lib/assemble.py:155-168` as a demerit accumulator — the flag is `true` + only if *every* condition holds: real Pi (`:157`), `performance` governor + (`:160`), core-pinned (`:162`), `cortex-a76` build flags (`:164`), and no + thermal throttling (`:166`). Throttling is read from `vcgencmd get_throttled` + bits 2/18 plus a clock-droop heuristic (`assemble.py:91-98,:110-113`). Any + failure appends a human-readable reason and flips the flag to `false`; the + dashboard and `plot.py` default to baseline-grade runs only. + +--- + +## Reproducibility & provenance + +- **Pinned versions** live in `setup/versions.env` (liboqs `0.15.0`, OpenSSL + pinned to the **3.5.x LTS line** on every platform — keg-only Homebrew + `openssl@3.5` on macOS, Debian 13's system 3.5.x on the Pi — so cross-machine + TLS numbers never compare different OpenSSL minor lines; oqs-provider + `0.9.0`). After cloning, `setup.sh` records the **actually resolved git + commits** and the **exact build flags + compiler version** into + `setup/versions.lock`. +- **Acceleration provenance, empirically determined.** Every KEM/sig row + carries an `acceleration` field with two independent axes: the *arithmetic + path* (hand-written asm vs portable code, derived from the recorded build + defines / Rust provenance) and the *symmetric path* (which primitive the hot + loop uses — AES / SHA-2 / SHA-3-SHAKE / none — where that implementation + comes from, and whether it reaches hardware instructions on this CPU). The + per-algorithm routing was established by **differential builds** (toggling + `OQS_USE_{SHA2,AES,SHA3}_OPENSSL` and measuring which rows move), not by + reading configuration — necessary because e.g. liboqs 0.15's SLH-DSA bundles + its own portable SHA-2 and ignores the OQS symmetric layer entirely, while + its sibling SPHINCS+ routes through it. +- **Results schema `2.0.0`.** Every KEM/sig row carries `implementation` + (which library produced the measurement: `liboqs`, `openssl`, `rustcrypto`, + `oqs-provider`, `openssl-native`, `rustls-awslc`; formerly named `backend`), + and every TLS cell carries `implementation` + `phase` + `sig_alg` and the + `handshake_primitive_sum` block. Older (schema `1.0.0`) result files are + **never rewritten** — `analyze/merge.py` injects the equivalent values at + merge time (`backend`→`implementation`, phase inference, derived totals). +- **Every results JSON carries full environment metadata**: RPi model, RAM, + kernel, OS, governor, the clock/temp trace during the run, compiler version, + liboqs/oqs-provider/OpenSSL versions+commits, build flags, and the candidate + list. A macOS smoke file and an RPi5 baseline file can never be confused. +- **Identical flags for every candidate:** `-O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76` on the Pi. + Document your `gcc`/`clang` version — it is auto-captured in `versions.lock` + (`CC_VERSION`). + +### `is_baseline_grade` + +A **reference-measurement quality gate**, not a deployment requirement. It marks +whether a run was produced under controlled, reproducible *reference* conditions, +so the numbers are comparable across algorithms and across machines. It is `true` +**only** when all hold: real Raspberry Pi · `performance` governor · core-pinned · +`cortex-a76` build flags · no thermal throttling. Otherwise it is `false` with a +list of reasons. + +- **What it is:** a label that says "this run is clean enough to sit in the + cross-algorithm / cross-machine reference comparison." The dashboard and + `plot.py` default to baseline-grade runs only, so noisy runs don't distort the + picture. +- **What it is *not*:** a claim about how nodes must be configured in production. + Real deployments are heterogeneous (different SoCs, governors, thermals) — + that's a separate question this flag does not speak to. +- A run that doesn't meet the gate **isn't wrong** — it's just flagged + `is_baseline_grade=false` with the reasons and kept out of the reference set. + The macOS cross-platform runs are exactly this: useful, honest numbers that + simply aren't reference-grade. + +--- + +## Candidates (edit `config.yaml`) + +- **KEM:** ML-KEM-512/768/1024; hybrids X25519MLKEM768, SecP256r1MLKEM768 + (hybrids are benchmarked in the TLS layer; at the primitive layer liboqs + exposes them only as TLS groups, so they show as `enabled:false` there). + Code-based + conservative-LWE backups: Classic McEliece + 348864/460896/460896f/6688128/6960119/8192128 (tiny ciphertext, slow keygen) + and FrodoKEM 640/976/1344 in **both AES and SHAKE variants** — same + algorithm and arithmetic, different symmetric primitive, added as the + controlled test of the hardware-AES attribution for FrodoKEM's + cross-platform behaviour (on the M3 the SHAKE variants measure ~5–6.6× + slower than AES). Baseline: **X25519**. +- **Signatures:** ML-DSA-44/65/87; hash-based **both** SLH-DSA (FIPS 205 final, + `SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_{128s,128f,192f,256f}`) **and** the round-3 + `SPHINCS+-SHA2-*-simple` sets; Falcon/FN-DSA-512/1024. Baseline: **Ed25519**. + + > **Comparability note (SPHINCS+ vs SLH-DSA).** Round-3 SPHINCS+ and FIPS 205 + > SLH-DSA are **different algorithms**, not a relabelling. The earlier + > (now-retired generation) RPi5 baselines measured only the SPHINCS+ sets; + > the config measures both generations side by side, so runs (a) stay + > directly comparable to that history via the SPHINCS+ rows and (b) carry + > the standardised SLH-DSA numbers. Don't compare an SLH-DSA row against an old SPHINCS+ row as if + > they were the same scheme. The SLH-DSA identifiers exist in our pinned + > liboqs 0.15.0 build, so this needs no library upgrade; liboqs 0.16.0 + > removes SPHINCS+ entirely, at which point the SPHINCS+ rows retire. +- **RustCrypto second source:** the same ML-KEM / ML-DSA / SLH-DSA parameter + sets (and X25519/Ed25519 anchors) measured again from pure-Rust + implementations — rows join by `(kind, alg)` across `implementation`, and + `assemble.py` cross-checks that both implementations report identical + encoded sizes (a mismatch is reported loudly as a bug/spec disagreement, + never as a benchmark result). +- **TLS:** two matrices (see "What gets measured"): the `openssl-native` phase + matrix (baseline / phase0 / phase2, Ed25519 and ML-DSA certificates) and the + full `oqs-provider` matrix — always including the classical + **X25519 + Ed25519** pair, measured natively. + +Classic McEliece and FrodoKEM are now measured (above). **HQC** is not — it is +not enabled in the linked liboqs 0.15.0 build (disabled upstream after the +IND-CCA2 implementation issue), so it is intentionally omitted rather than +listed-and-disabled; re-add it once linked against a liboqs that re-enables it. +Add further algorithms by uncommenting/adding entries — the harness skips +anything your liboqs build doesn't enable (and says so). + +--- + +## Output & analysis + +- `results/-.json` — one self-describing file per run. +- `analyze/merge.py` — with **no arguments**, merges the **published set** + pinned in `analyze/published_runs.txt` into `dashboard/data/merged.json` + (explicit manifest, so ad-hoc dev runs in `results/` never leak into the + published dataset); pass explicit files/globs for an ad-hoc merge. Keeps + each run distinct; never mixes baseline with smoke. +- `analyze/plot.py` — matplotlib PNGs for papers (optional; install into + `analyze/.venv` via `analyze/requirements.txt` to keep system python clean — + it gracefully skips if matplotlib is absent). +- `dashboard/` — static, no-backend dashboard (see `dashboard/README.md`): + the TLS migration-phase view (Pi and Mac side by side, latency + bytes with + ×multipliers), the full three-stack handshake matrix, cross-implementation + primitive comparison with an always-visible acceleration table, the original + security-level charts (log axes, classical reference lines), and a + deliberate-absences panel. Serve over HTTP (`python3 -m http.server`) or + deploy the folder to GitHub Pages. + +--- + +## Contributing your RPi5 results + +The whole point is a **shared, aggregated baseline**: the more Raspberry Pi 5 +results we collect under identical conditions, the more confident the migration- +cost picture. If you have a Pi 5, please contribute a run — it takes one command +and a pull request. + +### 1. Run under baseline conditions + +For your numbers to count as baseline-grade, the run must satisfy the +`is_baseline_grade` gate (real Pi 5 · `performance` governor · core-pinned · +`cortex-a76` flags · no thermal throttling). To give it the best shot: + +- **Use a Raspberry Pi 5** with active cooling (the official Active Cooler or a + fan). PQ signing (esp. SLH-DSA) runs the core hot for a while; without cooling + you *will* throttle and the run is flagged non-baseline. +- **Use the official 27 W USB-C PSU.** Under-voltage also trips the throttle flag. +- **Run on a quiet machine** (close other workloads) so core 3 stays clean. +- **Don't edit `config.yaml`'s candidate list** if you want your run to be + directly comparable to others. (Extending it is fine — just say so in your PR; + extra algorithms simply add columns.) + +```bash +git clone && cd pqc-bench +make check && make build && make test +make run # sudo (with the required rustup env) is handled for you +``` + +A full run takes ~30 min on a Pi 5 (hash-based signing dominates). To check the +pipeline first without committing to the full run, `make smoke` — but only a +**full** run (not smoke) counts as a submission. + +### 2. Confirm it's baseline-grade + +When the run finishes, the summary prints `baseline-grade (RPi5): True`. Verify +in the JSON too: + +```bash +f=$(ls -t results/*.json | head -1) +python3 -c "import json;d=json.load(open('$f'));print('baseline_grade:',d['is_baseline_grade']);\ +print('reasons:',d['baseline_grade_reasons']);\ +print('throttled:',d['thermal_trace']['throttling_detected']);\ +print('aarch64 ML-KEM backend:', 'ml_kem_768_aarch64 1' in d['toolchain']['liboqs_opt_defines'])" +``` + +You want `baseline_grade: True`, `reasons: []`, `throttled: False`, and the +backend line `True`. If `is_baseline_grade` is false, the printed reasons tell +you what to fix (usually cooling/PSU/governor) — fix and re-run. + +### 3. Submit it + +Your `results/-.json` is fully self-describing (host model, +kernel, OS, governor, clock/temp trace, compiler + liboqs/oqs-provider/OpenSSL +commits, build flags). It contains your **hostname** and Pi model and nothing +else identifying — if you'd rather not share the hostname, prepend +`HOSTNAME=mypi5` to the sudo run line, or just rename the file before +submitting. + +`results/*.json` is git-ignored by default (so you never accidentally commit +local experiments), so add yours explicitly: + +```bash +git checkout -b results/-pi5 +git add -f results/-.json +git commit -m "results: RPi5 baseline from " +# push to your fork and open a PR +``` + +**PR checklist** (maintainers will look for these): + +- [ ] `is_baseline_grade: true` with empty `baseline_grade_reasons` +- [ ] `thermal_trace.throttling_detected: false` +- [ ] `host.is_rpi: true` and `host.rpi_model` mentions "Raspberry Pi 5" +- [ ] `run.governor_after: performance` and `run.pinned: true` +- [ ] `toolchain.cflags_target: cortex-a76` +- [ ] full run (not `--smoke`): `run.repetitions` is the `config.yaml` value + (5), not 1 — smoke runs record `repetitions: 1` +- [ ] all four measurement groups present (`toolchain.rust.available: true`; + rustcrypto / aws-lc-rs / rustls-awslc rows in the JSON) — if the Rust + groups are missing, revisit the sudo env line above +- [ ] unmodified candidate list (or extensions noted in the PR description) + +Once merged, your file joins `results/` and gets a line in +`analyze/published_runs.txt` (the explicit manifest of published runs); anyone +can then regenerate the aggregated dataset and dashboard with +`python3 analyze/merge.py`. The dashboard's run selector will then include +your Pi alongside everyone else's. + +> Prefer not to use GitHub? Open an issue and attach the JSON file instead — a +> maintainer will add it. + +--- + +## Limitations + +- **macOS is smoke-only** (see above): coarse timer, no governor/pinning, + fallback flags. +- **Userspace cycle counts** require a kernel PMU module; default is time-based. +- **Heap/stack memory** is best-effort (`mallinfo2` on glibc; reported + unavailable elsewhere); pk/sk/ct/sig **sizes** are authoritative. +- **TLS handshakes are in-process over memory BIOs** — this isolates crypto + cost cleanly (no socket/scheduler noise) but is not a network RTT model; + ClientHello fragmentation is flagged against a typical 1400-byte MSS. +- **Docker is build-only.** The benchmark is not run in a container — a + container can't reliably control the governor, core pinning, or throttle + detection, so measurement runs bare-metal on the host (see the Docker section). + +## Future phase (not implemented) + +`config.yaml` reserves a `zk:` section for SNARK/STARK proving/verification +benchmarks; the results schema and dashboard are structured to absorb it later. diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a647480 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +# Running pq-bench-rpi5 on Your Own Raspberry Pi 5 + +This benchmark measures post-quantum KEMs, signatures, and TLS 1.3 handshakes +against the classical baseline Logos uses today (X25519 / Ed25519), so every +chart shows the **migration cost** of moving to PQ on validator-grade hardware. + +There's no manual tuning: the benchmark **auto-calibrates the iteration count +per operation** to your Pi's speed, so results stay comparable across machines. + +## Prerequisites + +- **Raspberry Pi 5** (Cortex-A76, aarch64), ideally the 8GB model, with + **active cooling** so it doesn't thermal-throttle mid-run. +- **Raspberry Pi OS / Debian 13 (trixie) or newer** — the benchmark pins + OpenSSL to the **3.5.x LTS line** on every platform, and Debian 13's system + `openssl` package is already 3.5.x with the PQC algorithms (ML-KEM / ML-DSA / + SLH-DSA) compiled in, so **no OpenSSL source build is needed**. *(Verified on + a Pi 5 running trixie's `3.5.6`: the full native surface is present — + MLKEM512/768/1024, X25519MLKEM768, SecP256r1MLKEM768, SecP384r1MLKEM1024 and + mldsa44/65/87 — and the complete native phase matrix ran without + degradation.)* Confirm on your box with: + + ```sh + openssl version # want 3.5.x + openssl list -kem-algorithms | grep -i mlkem # want ML-KEM entries + openssl list -tls-groups | tr ':' '\n' | grep -i mlkem # MLKEM512/768/1024 + hybrids + openssl list -tls-signature-algorithms | tr ':' '\n' | grep -i mldsa # mldsa44/65/87 + ``` + + If the native MLKEM TLS groups are missing, `run.sh` skips the + `openssl-native` TLS matrix with a warning and the oqs-provider matrix still + runs. + + If your OS ships an older OpenSSL, `./setup/setup.sh` falls back to building + the pinned `openssl-3.5.7` from source automatically (adds ~15–30 min). +- **Rust toolchain** — needed for the `rustcrypto` measurement group (pure-Rust + ML-KEM/ML-DSA/SLH-DSA plus X25519/Ed25519 anchors). Install stable Rust via + rustup: + + ```sh + curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y + . "$HOME/.cargo/env" + cargo --version # any recent stable is fine + ``` + + (Debian 13 also packages `rustup` — `sudo apt install rustup && rustup default + stable` should be equivalent, but that path has not been verified by this + project.) The Rust toolchain covers TWO measurement groups: the + `rustcrypto` primitives (`bench/rust`) and the `rustls-awslc` TLS matrix + (`bench/rust-tls`). The latter compiles the AWS-LC C library on first build + (needs `cmake`, which `setup.sh deps` installs; verified working on a Pi 5). + Build both harnesses as your normal user (the run also does this + automatically — it runs cargo as you, never as root): + + ```sh + (cd bench/rust && cargo build --release --locked) + (cd bench/rust-tls && cargo build --release --locked) # AWS-LC C build: several minutes, once + ``` + + **Optional:** if cargo is absent, `./run.sh` skips both Rust groups + gracefully and records the reasons in the results JSON — the rest of the + benchmark is unaffected. +- **Internet access** and **sudo**. + +## Step 1 — Clone (public repo, no auth) + +```sh +git clone +cd pq-bench-rpi5 +``` + +## Step 2 — Check, then build + +```sh +make check # read-only: verifies OpenSSL incl. its DEV FILES (libssl-dev — + # the binary alone is not enough), rust, cmake etc., and prints + # apt commands for anything missing ('make deps' installs them) +make build # C toolchain + bench binaries + both Rust harnesses; refuses to + # link a system liboqs — only the vendored pinned build is + # comparable with the published baselines +make test # ~1-2 min verification gate (21 checks, incl. ldd-verifying the + # binaries link the vendored liboqs) before you spend 30 min + # measuring +``` + +The build takes 5–15 min (liboqs dominates; the first Rust-TLS build compiles +AWS-LC, several more minutes once). Run inside `tmux` so it survives an SSH +disconnect. `make build` refuses to run cargo as root — build as your normal +user; the run also stays your user, only the governor step escalates. + +## Step 3 — Run + +```sh +make run +``` + +Root is needed for exactly one step: writing `performance` into the sysfs +CPU-governor files. `make run` asks for your sudo password once, up front +(`sudo -v`), and only the governor write escalates (`sudo -n`) — the +measurement itself, the in-run cargo builds and every result file stay owned +by your user. (Core pinning via `taskset` and the `vcgencmd` thermal trace +need no root — vcgencmd only needs the `video` group, which the default Pi +user has.) `NOSUDO=1 make run` skips the sudo attempt; the run completes and +the governor demerit is recorded honestly. + +A full run covers **all four measurement groups** (liboqs primitives, +RustCrypto primitives, aws-lc-rs pricing rows, and the three-stack TLS phase +matrix: openssl-native / oqs-provider / rustls-awslc, ~60 cells at 1000 +handshakes each). **Measured: 36 min on an Apple M3, 29 min (1716 s) on a +Pi 5** — the Pi is not slower end-to-end because per-op auto-calibration +targets a fixed measurement budget per operation. There are no iteration +counts to set. + +To exercise the whole pipeline end-to-end first without a publishable-length +run, use smoke mode — same coverage (all four groups, every TLS stack), one +repetition per op and 50 handshakes per TLS cell: + +```sh +make smoke +``` + +Output lands in `results/-.json`, stamped with full +provenance (Pi model, RAM, kernel, governor, thermal trace, library versions) +and an `is_baseline_grade` flag. + +## Step 4 — View results + +The dashboard must be served over **HTTP** (opening `index.html` as a `file://` +URL blocks its JSON fetch — see `dashboard/README.md`): + +```sh +cd dashboard +python3 -m http.server 8765 +# then open http://:8765 +``` + +The charts show KEM, signature, and TLS results with the classical X25519 / +Ed25519 baseline drawn as a reference line. + +## Step 5 — Contribute (optional) + +Share your `results/*.json` (open a PR or send it over). The published +dashboard dataset is pinned by `analyze/published_runs.txt` (run +`python3 analyze/merge.py` with no arguments to rebuild exactly that set); +for an ad-hoc local comparison pass explicit files: + +```sh +python3 analyze/merge.py results/.json results/.json \ + -o dashboard/data/merged.json +``` + +The dashboard then shows every selected machine side by side. + +## What the results tell you + +PQ is not so much *slower* as *bigger*. Lattice schemes (ML-KEM, ML-DSA) run +close to classical in speed but have much larger keys and signatures, while the +hash-based SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+) is an outlier in both signing time and signature +size. On TLS, the classical baseline fits in a single packet, while PQ and +hybrid handshakes grow past it and fragment. + +## Notes and limitations + +- Hash-based signatures are measured in **both generations**: the standardised + FIPS 205 SLH-DSA sets (`SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_*`, new rows) **and** the round-3 + `SPHINCS+-SHA2-*-simple` sets (the rows comparable to the earlier published + baselines). They are different algorithms — compare like with like. +- Measures **liboqs** (C / assembly) implementations, the **RustCrypto + pure-Rust second source** (`implementation: rustcrypto` rows — same + methodology, hedged signing like liboqs; Falcon/McEliece/FrodoKEM have no + mature pure-Rust implementation and stay absent there), the **aws-lc-rs + pricing rows**, and the **three-stack TLS phase matrix** (`openssl-native`, + `oqs-provider`, `rustls-awslc`) — see README for what each covers and the + caveats that apply. +- Rust-vs-C gaps are partly **optimisation-path artefacts**, not pure + implementation quality: liboqs has hand-written aarch64 assembly for ML-KEM, + the Rust crates are portable Rust. The results JSON records both sides' + compiled code paths (`toolchain.liboqs_opt_defines` / `toolchain.rust`). +- Userspace PMU cycle counts are usually unavailable, so the primary metric is + **wall-clock time + ops/sec**. +- SNARK / STARK benchmarking is **out of scope** for this phase (`config.yaml` + reserves a hook for it). +- The candidate list lives in `config.yaml` — use the exact liboqs algorithm + names. diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff70a0a --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""merge.py — merge many results/-.json files into one dataset the +dashboard (and PNG export) consume. + + python3 analyze/merge.py # merge the PUBLISHED set (see below) + python3 analyze/merge.py results/*.json ... # merge an explicit ad-hoc set + +With no inputs, the file list comes from analyze/published_runs.txt — the +explicit, reviewed manifest of which results files feed the published dashboard +dataset. That keeps ad-hoc dev runs sitting in results/ from silently leaking +into dashboard/data/merged.json: getting a run published is an edit to the +manifest, not an accident of globbing. + +The merged file keeps every run as a separate record (so multiple machines / +repetitions can be compared) plus a flat index for quick charting. It never +collapses RPi5 baseline-grade runs together with non-baseline (e.g. macOS smoke) +runs — each record carries its own `is_baseline_grade` flag and host, and the +dashboard filters on it by default. + +Schema-v1 inputs (pre-`implementation`/`phase` result files) are read +compatibly: `backend` maps to `implementation`, TLS rows get their phase +inferred (classical sig + classical group = baseline; PQ signature = phase2; +PQ/hybrid group + classical sig = phase0), and TLS implementation defaults to +"oqs-provider" (the only TLS stack that existed before v2). The source files +are never rewritten. +""" +from __future__ import annotations +import argparse +import glob +import json +import os +import sys + +MERGED_SCHEMA = "2.0.0" + +HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) +ROOT = os.path.dirname(HERE) +MANIFEST = os.path.join(HERE, "published_runs.txt") + +PQ_KEM_TOKENS = ("mlkem", "kyber", "frodo", "hqc", "bike", "ntru", "mceliece") +CLASSICAL_SIG_PREFIXES = ("ed25519", "ed448", "ecdsa", "rsa") + + +def infer_phase(group: str, sig_alg: str) -> str: + """v1-compat phase inference; keep in sync with bench/lib/assemble.py.""" + g, s = (group or "").lower(), (sig_alg or "").lower() + pq_kem = any(t in g for t in PQ_KEM_TOKENS) + if s.startswith(CLASSICAL_SIG_PREFIXES): + return "phase0" if pq_kem else "baseline" + return "phase2" + + +def row_total(row): + """Per-alg total (sum of per-op medians). Prefer the value assemble.py + stamped; for v1 files (which are never rewritten) derive it here so old + and new runs chart uniformly. Derived, not measured.""" + t = (row.get("total") or {}).get("sum_of_medians_ns") + if t is not None: + return t + # keep in sync with assemble.py TOTAL_OPS: auxiliary ops (e.g. + # verify_cached_key) are not part of the one-full-cycle total + total_ops = ("keygen", "encaps", "decaps", "derive", "sign", "verify") + medians = [(st or {}).get("median") + for op, st in (row.get("operations") or {}).items() + if op in total_ops] + if medians and all(m is not None for m in medians): + return round(sum(medians), 2) + return None + + +def manifest_paths(): + if not os.path.exists(MANIFEST): + sys.exit(f"no inputs given and manifest not found: {MANIFEST}") + paths = [] + with open(MANIFEST) as f: + for line in f: + line = line.strip() + if not line or line.startswith("#"): + continue + p = line if os.path.isabs(line) else os.path.join(ROOT, "results", line) + if os.path.isfile(p): + paths.append(p) + else: + print(f"[merge] manifest entry missing on disk (skipped): {line}", + file=sys.stderr) + return paths + + +def load_runs(paths): + runs = [] + for p in paths: + try: + with open(p) as f: + d = json.load(f) + d["_source_file"] = os.path.basename(p) + runs.append(d) + except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError) as e: + print(f"[merge] skipping {p}: {e}", file=sys.stderr) + return runs + + +def run_id(run): + h = run.get("host", {}) + return f"{h.get('hostname','?')}/{h.get('cpu_brand','?')}@{run.get('generated_utc','?')}" + + +def flatten(runs): + """Produce flat per-(run, algorithm, operation) rows for easy charting. + Deliberately-disabled rows are NOT dropped: they flow into the *_absent + arrays with their reasons — absences (e.g. SLH-DSA in TLS) are findings + the dashboard must render, not gaps to silently filter.""" + kem_rows, sig_rows, tls_rows = [], [], [] + kem_absent, sig_absent, tls_absent = [], [], [] + for run in runs: + rid = run_id(run) + host = run.get("host", {}) + meta = { + "run_id": rid, + "hostname": host.get("hostname"), + "cpu_brand": host.get("cpu_brand"), + "is_rpi": host.get("is_rpi"), + "is_baseline_grade": run.get("is_baseline_grade"), + "source_file": run.get("_source_file"), + } + for k in run.get("kem", []): + if not k.get("enabled"): + kem_absent.append({**meta, "alg": k.get("alg"), + "implementation": k.get("implementation") or k.get("backend"), + "reason": k.get("reason", "")}) + continue + for op, st in (k.get("operations") or {}).items(): + kem_rows.append({**meta, + "alg": k["alg"], + # v1 files say `backend`; same meaning, injected as default + "implementation": k.get("implementation") or k.get("backend"), + "classical": bool(k.get("classical")), + "nist_level": k.get("claimed_nist_level"), + "operation": op, + "median_ns": st.get("median"), "mad_ns": st.get("mad"), + "iqr_ns": st.get("iqr"), "min_ns": st.get("min"), + "stddev_ns": st.get("stddev"), "ops_per_sec": st.get("ops_per_sec"), + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": row_total(k), + "acceleration": k.get("acceleration"), + "sizes": k.get("sizes")}) + for s in run.get("sig", []): + if not s.get("enabled"): + sig_absent.append({**meta, "alg": s.get("alg"), + "implementation": s.get("implementation") or s.get("backend"), + "reason": s.get("reason", "")}) + continue + for op, st in (s.get("operations") or {}).items(): + sig_rows.append({**meta, + "alg": s["alg"], + "implementation": s.get("implementation") or s.get("backend"), + "classical": bool(s.get("classical")), + "nist_level": s.get("claimed_nist_level"), + "operation": op, + "median_ns": st.get("median"), "mad_ns": st.get("mad"), + "iqr_ns": st.get("iqr"), "min_ns": st.get("min"), + "stddev_ns": st.get("stddev"), "ops_per_sec": st.get("ops_per_sec"), + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": row_total(s), + "acceleration": s.get("acceleration"), + "sizes": s.get("sizes")}) + tls = run.get("tls") or {} + for cell in (tls.get("matrix") or []): + if not cell.get("enabled"): + lab = cell.get("label") or "" + tls_absent.append({**meta, "label": lab, + "group": cell.get("group"), + "sig_alg": cell.get("sig_alg") or + (lab.split("+", 1)[1] if "+" in lab else ""), + "phase": cell.get("phase") or "", + "implementation": cell.get("implementation") or "oqs-provider", + "unstable_features": cell.get("unstable_features", False), + "reason": cell.get("reason", "")}) + continue + label = cell.get("label") or "" + sig_alg = cell.get("sig_alg") or \ + (label.split("+", 1)[1] if "+" in label else "") + hps = cell.get("handshake_primitive_sum") or {} + tls_rows.append({**meta, + "label": label, "group": cell.get("group"), + "sig_alg": sig_alg, + # v1 files predate these fields; defaults describe what those + # runs actually were (oqs-provider stack, phase by inference) + "implementation": cell.get("implementation") or "oqs-provider", + "unstable_features": cell.get("unstable_features", False), + "phase": cell.get("phase") or infer_phase(cell.get("group"), sig_alg), + "is_baseline_pair": label == (tls.get("baseline") or {}).get("label"), + "handshakes_per_sec": cell.get("handshakes_per_sec"), + "median_ns": (cell.get("handshake_latency_ns") or {}).get("median"), + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": hps.get("sum_of_medians_ns"), + "primitive_sum_complete": hps.get("complete"), + "bytes_total": (cell.get("bytes_on_wire") or {}).get("total"), + "client_hello_bytes": cell.get("client_hello_bytes"), + "client_hello_fragmented": cell.get("client_hello_fragmented")}) + return (kem_rows, sig_rows, tls_rows, + kem_absent, sig_absent, tls_absent) + + +def main(): + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser() + ap.add_argument("inputs", nargs="*", + help="results JSON files or globs; empty = the published " + "set from analyze/published_runs.txt") + ap.add_argument("-o", "--out", default="dashboard/data/merged.json") + args = ap.parse_args() + + if args.inputs: + paths = [] + for pat in args.inputs: + paths.extend(sorted(glob.glob(pat)) if any(c in pat for c in "*?[") else [pat]) + paths = [p for p in paths if os.path.isfile(p)] + else: + paths = manifest_paths() + print(f"[merge] no inputs given -> published set from {MANIFEST} " + f"({len(paths)} files)", file=sys.stderr) + if not paths: + sys.exit("no input files matched") + + runs = load_runs(paths) + (kem_rows, sig_rows, tls_rows, + kem_absent, sig_absent, tls_absent) = flatten(runs) + + merged = { + "merged_schema": MERGED_SCHEMA, + "n_runs": len(runs), + "runs": [{ + "run_id": run_id(r), + "host": r.get("host"), + "is_baseline_grade": r.get("is_baseline_grade"), + "baseline_grade_reasons": r.get("baseline_grade_reasons", []), + "toolchain": r.get("toolchain"), + "cpu_features": r.get("cpu_features"), + "run": r.get("run"), + "thermal_summary": { + "temp_c": (r.get("thermal_trace") or {}).get("temp_c"), + "throttling_detected": (r.get("thermal_trace") or {}).get("throttling_detected"), + }, + "generated_utc": r.get("generated_utc"), + "source_file": r.get("_source_file"), + } for r in runs], + "kem": kem_rows, + "sig": sig_rows, + "tls": tls_rows, + "kem_absent": kem_absent, + "sig_absent": sig_absent, + "tls_absent": tls_absent, + } + + os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(args.out) or ".", exist_ok=True) + with open(args.out, "w") as f: + json.dump(merged, f, indent=2) + n_base = sum(1 for r in runs if r.get("is_baseline_grade")) + print(f"merged {len(runs)} run(s) -> {args.out} " + f"({n_base} baseline-grade, {len(runs)-n_base} smoke/other)") + print(f" kem rows: {len(kem_rows)} sig rows: {len(sig_rows)} tls rows: {len(tls_rows)}") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a1f7715 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""plot.py — export publication-ready PNGs from a merged dataset. + + python3 analyze/plot.py dashboard/data/merged.json -o analyze/png + +matplotlib is an OPTIONAL dependency. If it is not installed this prints a clear +hint and exits 0 (the HTML dashboard remains the primary, dependency-free view). + +By default it plots only baseline-grade (RPi5) runs so paper figures are never +polluted with macOS smoke data; pass --include-smoke to override. The classical +Logos baseline (X25519 / Ed25519) is drawn as a reference line on every chart. +""" +from __future__ import annotations +import argparse +import json +import os +import sys + +try: + import matplotlib + matplotlib.use("Agg") + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +except ImportError: + print("matplotlib not installed — skipping PNG export.\n" + " enable it in a project venv (keeps your system python clean):\n" + " python3 -m venv analyze/.venv\n" + " analyze/.venv/bin/pip install -r analyze/requirements.txt\n" + " analyze/.venv/bin/python analyze/plot.py dashboard/data/merged.json\n" + " (the HTML dashboard works without it)", file=sys.stderr) + sys.exit(0) + + +def median_ms(ns): + return (ns or 0) / 1e6 + + +def pick_runs(merged, include_smoke): + ids = set() + for r in merged.get("runs", []): + if include_smoke or r.get("is_baseline_grade"): + ids.add(r["run_id"]) + return ids + + +def grouped_bar_by_level(rows, op, title, outpath): + """Grouped bars of median latency per algorithm, grouped by NIST level.""" + data = [r for r in rows if r["operation"] == op] + if not data: + return + # one bar per algorithm; baseline highlighted + data.sort(key=lambda r: (r.get("nist_level") or 0, r["median_ns"])) + labels = [r["alg"] for r in data] + vals = [median_ms(r["median_ns"]) for r in data] + colors = ["#888" if r.get("classical") else "#3b6" for r in data] + + fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(max(6, len(labels) * 0.55), 4)) + ax.bar(range(len(labels)), vals, color=colors) + # baseline reference line + base = next((r for r in data if r.get("classical")), None) + if base: + ax.axhline(median_ms(base["median_ns"]), color="#c33", ls="--", lw=1, + label=f"classical baseline ({base['alg']})") + ax.legend(fontsize=8) + ax.set_xticks(range(len(labels))) + ax.set_xticklabels(labels, rotation=45, ha="right", fontsize=8) + ax.set_ylabel("median latency (ms)") + ax.set_title(title) + ax.grid(axis="y", alpha=0.3) + fig.tight_layout() + fig.savefig(outpath, dpi=150) + plt.close(fig) + print("wrote", outpath) + + +def size_speed_scatter(rows, op, size_key, title, outpath): + data = [r for r in rows if r["operation"] == op and r.get("sizes")] + pts = [] + for r in data: + sz = (r["sizes"] or {}).get(size_key) + if sz: + pts.append((sz, median_ms(r["median_ns"]), r["alg"], r.get("classical"))) + if not pts: + return + fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 5)) + for sz, lat, alg, classical in pts: + ax.scatter(sz, lat, c="#c33" if classical else "#3b6", + s=60, edgecolors="k", linewidths=0.4, zorder=3) + ax.annotate(alg, (sz, lat), fontsize=7, xytext=(4, 3), + textcoords="offset points") + ax.set_xlabel(f"{size_key} size (bytes)") + ax.set_ylabel("median latency (ms)") + ax.set_title(title) + ax.grid(alpha=0.3) + fig.tight_layout() + fig.savefig(outpath, dpi=150) + plt.close(fig) + print("wrote", outpath) + + +def tls_bar(tls_rows, outpath): + if not tls_rows: + return + tls_rows = sorted(tls_rows, key=lambda r: -(r.get("handshakes_per_sec") or 0)) + labels = [r["label"] for r in tls_rows] + vals = [r.get("handshakes_per_sec") or 0 for r in tls_rows] + colors = ["#c33" if r.get("is_baseline_pair") else "#36c" for r in tls_rows] + fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(max(6, len(labels) * 0.5), 4.5)) + ax.barh(range(len(labels)), vals, color=colors) + base = next((r for r in tls_rows if r.get("is_baseline_pair")), None) + if base: + ax.axvline(base.get("handshakes_per_sec") or 0, color="#c33", ls="--", lw=1, + label=f"classical baseline ({base['label']})") + ax.legend(fontsize=8) + ax.set_yticks(range(len(labels))) + ax.set_yticklabels(labels, fontsize=7) + ax.invert_yaxis() + ax.set_xlabel("handshakes / sec") + ax.set_title("TLS 1.3 handshake throughput (higher is better)") + ax.grid(axis="x", alpha=0.3) + fig.tight_layout() + fig.savefig(outpath, dpi=150) + plt.close(fig) + print("wrote", outpath) + + +def main(): + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser() + ap.add_argument("merged") + ap.add_argument("-o", "--outdir", default="analyze/png") + ap.add_argument("--include-smoke", action="store_true") + args = ap.parse_args() + + with open(args.merged) as f: + merged = json.load(f) + ids = pick_runs(merged, args.include_smoke) + if not ids: + print("no baseline-grade runs to plot (use --include-smoke for macOS/dev data)", + file=sys.stderr) + return + + def keep(rows): + return [r for r in rows if r["run_id"] in ids] + + kem, sig, tls = keep(merged["kem"]), keep(merged["sig"]), keep(merged["tls"]) + os.makedirs(args.outdir, exist_ok=True) + O = args.outdir + + grouped_bar_by_level(kem, "keygen", "KEM keygen latency by algorithm", f"{O}/kem_keygen.png") + grouped_bar_by_level(kem, "encaps", "KEM encapsulation latency", f"{O}/kem_encaps.png") + grouped_bar_by_level(kem, "decaps", "KEM decapsulation latency", f"{O}/kem_decaps.png") + grouped_bar_by_level(sig, "sign", "Signature signing latency", f"{O}/sig_sign.png") + grouped_bar_by_level(sig, "verify", "Signature verification latency", f"{O}/sig_verify.png") + size_speed_scatter(kem, "encaps", "public_key", + "KEM: public-key size vs encaps latency", f"{O}/kem_size_speed.png") + size_speed_scatter(sig, "sign", "signature", + "Signature: signature size vs sign latency", f"{O}/sig_size_speed.png") + tls_bar(tls, f"{O}/tls_throughput.png") + print(f"PNGs in {O}/ ({'incl. smoke' if args.include_smoke else 'baseline-grade only'})") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f15466a --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Published dashboard dataset — the ONLY results files merged into +# dashboard/data/merged.json when analyze/merge.py runs without arguments. +# +# Membership criterion: the file is in the published Logos snapshot and cited +# by the companion document's provenance section — NOT merely git-tracked here. +# Paths are relative to results/. Publishing a new run = adding a line here +# (and un-ignoring the file in .gitignore); dev/smoke runs sitting in results/ +# never leak into the published dataset by accident. +# +# ---- current generation (schema 2.0.0: four measurement groups, three-stack +# ---- TLS phase matrix, SLH-DSA + SPHINCS+ side by side, Frodo AES+SHAKE) ---- +# +# Consolidated baseline-grade RPi5 run (cortex-a76, OpenSSL 3.5.6, 1716 s, +# no throttling, zero warnings): +rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json +# Consolidated Mac (Apple M3) cross-platform run (apple-m3 / -mcpu=native, +# OpenSSL 3.5.7; NOT baseline-grade by design — dashboard hides it by default): +mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json +# Apple M4 Pro cross-platform run (apple-m4-pro / -mcpu=native, OpenSSL 3.5.7, +# macOS 26.6; full four-group + three-stack coverage; NOT baseline-grade): +Mac-20260730T134951Z.json +# Fedora 44 x86_64 run (Intel Core Ultra 9 285HX, generic-fallback flags, +# system OpenSSL 3.5.7, governor=performance + pinned via the narrowed-sudo +# path; NOT baseline-grade: non-Pi host, untuned flags. First x86 datapoint — +# also validates the x86 cpu-features path in production): +fedora-20260730T120637Z.json +# +# ---- retired (schema 1.0.0 generation; files kept in the repo as history) ---- +# NB: rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json additionally serves as the +# schema-1.0.0 COMPATIBILITY FIXTURE for `make test` (hygiene test 5 in +# scripts/selftest.sh exercises merge.py's v1 handling against it) — do NOT +# delete it when tidying retired results. +# The old published set (rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z, mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z, +# thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z) predates the SLH-DSA rename and measures none of: +# the RustCrypto/aws-lc-rs groups, the native/rustls TLS phase matrix, or the +# FrodoKEM-SHAKE variants — merged next to current-generation runs those files +# would render mostly blank and their SLH-DSA-labelled rows would silently mean +# a different algorithm (round-3 SPHINCS+ vs FIPS 205). Thomas's run is retired +# for the same reason, not for any quality problem — we will ask for a re-run +# with the new harness and re-list it then. diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/requirements.txt b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cf9f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +matplotlib>=3.7 diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/Makefile b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27d36ab --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# Build the primitive KEM/sig harness against the pinned liboqs + system OpenSSL. +# +# Paths/flags default to the vendored toolchain but are overridable so run.sh can +# pass the exact values from setup/versions.lock (single source of truth): +# make LIBOQS_PREFIX=... OPENSSL_PREFIX=... BENCH_CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76" + +ROOT := $(abspath $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../..) +LIBOQS_PREFIX ?= $(ROOT)/vendor/install +# OpenSSL: prefer the pinned keg-only Homebrew openssl@3.5 on macOS, else system. +OPENSSL_PREFIX ?= $(shell brew --prefix openssl@3.5 2>/dev/null || echo /usr) +BENCH_CFLAGS ?= -O3 + +CC ?= cc +CFLAGS := $(BENCH_CFLAGS) -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra \ + -I$(LIBOQS_PREFIX)/include -I$(OPENSSL_PREFIX)/include +LDFLAGS := -L$(LIBOQS_PREFIX)/lib -L$(OPENSSL_PREFIX)/lib \ + -Wl,-rpath,$(LIBOQS_PREFIX)/lib -Wl,-rpath,$(OPENSSL_PREFIX)/lib +LDLIBS := -loqs -lcrypto -lm + +# NB: the guard target is declared before bench_pq, so pin the default goal +# explicitly — otherwise a bare `make` would run only the guard and "succeed" +# without producing a binary. +.DEFAULT_GOAL := bench_pq + +# HARD GUARD: refuse to build against anything but the vendored liboqs. With +# vendor/install empty, -L would silently fall through to a system liboqs +# (e.g. a distro liboqs-devel) and every measurement would run against an +# unpinned library — the version pin is the whole basis of comparability, and +# the pinned oqs-provider expects exactly the pinned liboqs' headers. +liboqs-guard: + @if ! test -f "$(LIBOQS_PREFIX)/include/oqs/oqs.h" || ! ls "$(LIBOQS_PREFIX)"/lib/liboqs.* >/dev/null 2>&1; then \ + echo "ERROR: pinned vendored liboqs not found. Looked for BOTH of:"; \ + echo " $(LIBOQS_PREFIX)/include/oqs/oqs.h"; \ + echo " $(LIBOQS_PREFIX)/lib/liboqs.*"; \ + echo "Inspect what is actually there with: ls $(LIBOQS_PREFIX)"; \ + echo "- Nothing there: the toolchain build did not run or failed -- check the"; \ + echo " output of 'make build' / ./setup/setup.sh for the original error."; \ + echo "- A lib64/ directory: the toolchain was built before the install layout"; \ + echo " was pinned (-DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib) -- 'make distclean && make build'."; \ + echo "Either way, do NOT install a distro liboqs to work around this: linking a"; \ + echo "system liboqs is refused because unpinned versions are not comparable with"; \ + echo "the published baselines."; \ + exit 1; \ + fi + +bench_pq: bench_pq.c | liboqs-guard + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $< $(LDFLAGS) $(LDLIBS) + +clean: + rm -f bench_pq + +.PHONY: clean liboqs-guard diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02bf90e --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c @@ -0,0 +1,659 @@ +/* =========================================================================== + * bench_pq.c — primitive-level KEM / signature benchmark harness. + * + * One algorithm per invocation (fresh process keeps cache state clean): + * bench_pq --kind kem --alg ML-KEM-768 --warmup 1000 --iters 10000 --reps 5 + * bench_pq --kind sig --alg ML-DSA-65 ... + * + * Emits a single JSON object describing the algorithm to stdout. The orchestrator + * (run.sh / assemble.py) wraps these with environment metadata. + * + * Two implementations, selected by algorithm name (emitted per row in the + * "implementation" field — the schema dimension that distinguishes library + * sources: liboqs / openssl / rustcrypto / oqs-provider / openssl-native / + * rustls-awslc; this harness emits the first two): + * - liboqs : all PQ candidates (ML-KEM, ML-DSA, Falcon, SLH-DSA, ...) + * - OpenSSL EVP : the classical Logos baselines X25519 (KEM-analog) and + * Ed25519 (signature), which liboqs does not implement. + * This lets the classical reference be drawn on the same primitive charts. + * + * Metrics per operation: full per-iteration wall-clock nanosecond distribution + * -> median, MAD, IQR, min, max, mean, stddev, ops/sec, plus per-repetition + * medians. Optional userspace PMU cycle counts when available. Heap high-water + * via mallinfo2 on glibc (the RPi5 target); honestly reported unavailable + * elsewhere (e.g. the macOS smoke box). + * ===========================================================================*/ +#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#include + +#include +#include + +#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__GLIBC__) +#include +#define HAVE_MALLINFO2 1 +#endif + +/* ---- timing ------------------------------------------------------------- */ +static inline uint64_t now_ns(void) { + struct timespec ts; + clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts); + return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ull + (uint64_t)ts.tv_nsec; +} + +/* ---- userspace PMU cycle counter probe (aarch64) ------------------------ */ +static sigjmp_buf g_sigill_jmp; +static volatile sig_atomic_t g_pmu_ok = 0; +static void sigill_handler(int sig) { (void)sig; siglongjmp(g_sigill_jmp, 1); } + +static inline uint64_t read_cycles(void) { +#if defined(__aarch64__) + uint64_t v; + __asm__ volatile("mrs %0, pmccntr_el0" : "=r"(v)); + return v; +#else + return 0; +#endif +} + +/* Returns 1 and a reason string if userspace cycle counting works. */ +static int probe_pmu(const char **reason) { +#if defined(__aarch64__) + struct sigaction sa, old; + memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa); + sa.sa_handler = sigill_handler; + sigaction(SIGILL, &sa, &old); + if (sigsetjmp(g_sigill_jmp, 1) == 0) { + (void)read_cycles(); + g_pmu_ok = 1; + } else { + g_pmu_ok = 0; + } + sigaction(SIGILL, &old, NULL); + if (g_pmu_ok) { *reason = "PMCCNTR_EL0 readable from userspace"; return 1; } + *reason = "PMCCNTR_EL0 traps (kernel module not loaded; needs e.g. enable_arm_pmu)"; + return 0; +#else + *reason = "not aarch64"; + return 0; +#endif +} + +/* ---- statistics --------------------------------------------------------- */ +typedef struct { + double median, mad, iqr, q1, q3, min, max, mean, stddev; + double ops_per_sec; + uint64_t n; +} stats_t; + +static int cmp_u64(const void *a, const void *b) { + uint64_t x = *(const uint64_t *)a, y = *(const uint64_t *)b; + return (x > y) - (x < y); +} + +/* percentile on an already-sorted array (linear interpolation) */ +static double pct_sorted(const uint64_t *s, uint64_t n, double p) { + if (n == 0) return 0; + if (n == 1) return (double)s[0]; + double idx = p * (double)(n - 1); + uint64_t lo = (uint64_t)idx; + double frac = idx - (double)lo; + if (lo + 1 >= n) return (double)s[n - 1]; + return (double)s[lo] + frac * ((double)s[lo + 1] - (double)s[lo]); +} + +static stats_t compute_stats(uint64_t *samples, uint64_t n) { + stats_t st; memset(&st, 0, sizeof st); + st.n = n; + if (n == 0) return st; + qsort(samples, n, sizeof(uint64_t), cmp_u64); + st.min = (double)samples[0]; + st.max = (double)samples[n - 1]; + st.median = pct_sorted(samples, n, 0.5); + st.q1 = pct_sorted(samples, n, 0.25); + st.q3 = pct_sorted(samples, n, 0.75); + st.iqr = st.q3 - st.q1; + + double sum = 0; + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += (double)samples[i]; + st.mean = sum / (double)n; + double ss = 0; + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { + double d = (double)samples[i] - st.mean; + ss += d * d; + } + st.stddev = (n > 1) ? sqrt(ss / (double)(n - 1)) : 0; + + /* MAD = median(|x - median|); needs a second sorted buffer */ + uint64_t *dev = malloc(n * sizeof(uint64_t)); + if (dev) { + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { + double d = (double)samples[i] - st.median; + dev[i] = (uint64_t)(d < 0 ? -d : d); + } + qsort(dev, n, sizeof(uint64_t), cmp_u64); + st.mad = pct_sorted(dev, n, 0.5); + free(dev); + } + st.ops_per_sec = st.median > 0 ? 1e9 / st.median : 0; + return st; +} + +/* ---- measurement configuration + generic loop --------------------------- */ +/* A closure-ish: the caller provides a function pointer that runs one op. */ +typedef int (*op_fn)(void *ctx); + +/* How each op is sized. Two modes, decided per invocation: + * - fixed-count (fixed_iters > 0): exactly fixed_iters timed iters per rep, + * with the configured fixed-mode warmup. This is the explicit + * `--iters N` override / fixed-count fallback. + * - auto-calibrate(fixed_iters == 0): each op is timed long enough to put + * ~target_ns of aggregate timed work on it, so a 18 us keygen + * and a 750 ms SLH-DSA sign both yield a stable median. The + * chosen count is clamped to [min_samples, max_iters]: + * fast ops hit max_iters, slow ops hit min_samples. + * Auto mode estimates per-op cost with a short doubling calibration (which also + * serves as cache warmup), then derives the timed count + a per-rep re-warm. */ +typedef struct { + uint64_t fixed_iters; /* >0 => fixed-count mode; 0 => auto-calibrate */ + uint64_t target_ns; /* auto: per-op aggregate timed-work target */ + uint64_t min_samples; /* auto: floor on timed iters per rep */ + uint64_t max_iters; /* auto: ceiling on timed iters per rep */ + uint64_t warmup; /* fixed-mode warmup count per rep */ + uint64_t reps; +} bench_cfg; + +typedef struct { + uint64_t *all; /* all samples across reps */ + uint64_t all_n; + double per_rep_median[64]; + int n_rep_med; + uint64_t timed_iters; /* timed iters per rep actually used */ + uint64_t warmup_iters; /* warmup iters per rep actually used */ + uint64_t reps; + int calibrated; /* 1 if auto-calibrated, 0 if fixed-count */ + double est_ns; /* per-op cost estimate from calibration (auto) */ +} measure_out; + +static void print_stats_json(FILE *f, const char *name, stats_t st, + const measure_out *m) { + fprintf(f, "\"%s\":{", name); + fprintf(f, "\"unit\":\"ns\",\"warmup_iters\":%llu,\"timed_iters\":%llu,\"repetitions\":%llu,", + (unsigned long long)m->warmup_iters, (unsigned long long)m->timed_iters, + (unsigned long long)m->reps); + fprintf(f, "\"calibrated\":%s,", m->calibrated ? "true" : "false"); + if (m->calibrated) + fprintf(f, "\"calib_est_ns\":%.2f,", m->est_ns); + fprintf(f, "\"samples\":%llu,", (unsigned long long)st.n); + fprintf(f, "\"median\":%.2f,\"mad\":%.2f,\"iqr\":%.2f,\"q1\":%.2f,\"q3\":%.2f,", + st.median, st.mad, st.iqr, st.q1, st.q3); + fprintf(f, "\"min\":%.2f,\"max\":%.2f,\"mean\":%.2f,\"stddev\":%.2f,", + st.min, st.max, st.mean, st.stddev); + fprintf(f, "\"ops_per_sec\":%.2f,", st.ops_per_sec); + fprintf(f, "\"per_rep_median\":["); + for (int i = 0; i < m->n_rep_med; i++) + fprintf(f, "%s%.2f", i ? "," : "", m->per_rep_median[i]); + fprintf(f, "]}"); +} + +/* Pick the timed-iter count (and per-rep warmup) for one op under cfg. + * In auto mode this runs a doubling calibration loop on fn (which warms caches) + * to estimate per-op cost, then solves for the count that hits target_ns. + * Returns 0 on success, -2 if the op ever fails during calibration. */ +static int calibrate_op(op_fn fn, void *ctx, const bench_cfg *cfg, + uint64_t *timed_out, uint64_t *warm_out, + double *est_ns_out, int *calibrated_out) { + if (cfg->fixed_iters > 0) { + *timed_out = cfg->fixed_iters; + *warm_out = cfg->warmup; + *est_ns_out = 0.0; + *calibrated_out = 0; + return 0; + } + /* doubling calibration: run batches 1,2,4,... until ~CALIB_BUDGET elapses, + * capped at max_iters so a sub-microsecond op can't spin forever. */ + const uint64_t CALIB_BUDGET_NS = 30ull * 1000 * 1000; /* 30 ms */ + uint64_t cops = 0, cel = 0, batch = 1; + while (cel < CALIB_BUDGET_NS && cops < cfg->max_iters) { + uint64_t t0 = now_ns(); + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < batch; i++) + if (fn(ctx) != 0) return -2; + cel += now_ns() - t0; + cops += batch; + batch *= 2; + } + double est_ns = cops ? (double)cel / (double)cops : 1.0; + if (est_ns < 1.0) est_ns = 1.0; + + double want = (double)cfg->target_ns / est_ns; + uint64_t n = (uint64_t)(want + 0.5); + if (n < cfg->min_samples) n = cfg->min_samples; /* slow ops floor here */ + if (n > cfg->max_iters) n = cfg->max_iters; /* fast ops ceil here */ + + /* per-rep re-warm ~= 20% of the timed budget, at least 1, capped. */ + double w = ((double)cfg->target_ns * 0.2) / est_ns; + uint64_t warm = (uint64_t)(w + 0.5); + if (warm < 1) warm = 1; + if (warm > cfg->max_iters) warm = cfg->max_iters; + + *timed_out = n; + *warm_out = warm; + *est_ns_out = est_ns; + *calibrated_out = 1; + return 0; +} + +/* Returns 0 on success. Fills out with samples. Re-warms before each rep. */ +static int measure_op(op_fn fn, void *ctx, const bench_cfg *cfg, measure_out *out) { + uint64_t iters, warmup; + double est_ns; int calibrated; + if (calibrate_op(fn, ctx, cfg, &iters, &warmup, &est_ns, &calibrated) != 0) + return -2; + + out->all = malloc(iters * cfg->reps * sizeof(uint64_t)); + if (!out->all) return -1; + out->all_n = 0; + out->n_rep_med = 0; + out->timed_iters = iters; + out->warmup_iters = warmup; + out->reps = cfg->reps; + out->calibrated = calibrated; + out->est_ns = est_ns; + uint64_t *rep_buf = malloc(iters * sizeof(uint64_t)); + if (!rep_buf) { free(out->all); return -1; } + + for (uint64_t r = 0; r < cfg->reps; r++) { + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < warmup; i++) + if (fn(ctx) != 0) { free(rep_buf); free(out->all); return -2; } + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < iters; i++) { + uint64_t t0 = now_ns(); + int rc = fn(ctx); + uint64_t dt = now_ns() - t0; + if (rc != 0) { free(rep_buf); free(out->all); return -2; } + rep_buf[i] = dt; + out->all[out->all_n++] = dt; + } + /* per-rep median (sorts a copy of this rep's slice) */ + uint64_t *copy = malloc(iters * sizeof(uint64_t)); + if (copy) { + memcpy(copy, rep_buf, iters * sizeof(uint64_t)); + qsort(copy, iters, sizeof(uint64_t), cmp_u64); + if (out->n_rep_med < 64) + out->per_rep_median[out->n_rep_med++] = pct_sorted(copy, iters, 0.5); + free(copy); + } + } + free(rep_buf); + return 0; +} + +/* ---- anti-DCE sink + fatal helpers -------------------------------------- */ +/* File-scope volatile: the compiler must materialize every store, so it cannot + * dead-code-eliminate the crypto outputs we feed into it. Every timed op sinks + * one output byte here. */ +static volatile uint64_t g_sink = 0; + +/* Abort the whole run: a broken build must NEVER silently emit timing numbers. */ +static void die(const char *alg, const char *what) { + fprintf(stderr, "[bench_pq] FATAL: %s: %s — aborting so no numbers are emitted\n", + alg, what); + exit(3); +} + +/* measure_op wrapper: if any timed op ever returns failure (e.g. a verify that + * stopped succeeding), abort instead of reading freed/partial buffers. */ +static void must_measure(const char *alg, const char *op, op_fn fn, void *ctx, + const bench_cfg *cfg, measure_out *out) { + if (measure_op(fn, ctx, cfg, out) != 0) + die(alg, op); +} + +#define MSGLEN 32 + +/* ======================= liboqs KEM ====================================== */ +/* Timed ops consume canonical, pre-validated inputs; keygen/encaps write to + * scratch buffers so they never clobber the matched (pk,sk,ct) that the other + * timed ops depend on. Each op sinks an output byte into g_sink. */ +typedef struct { + OQS_KEM *kem; + uint8_t *pk, *sk; /* canonical matched keypair (encaps/decaps inputs) */ + uint8_t *ct; /* canonical ciphertext (decaps input) */ + uint8_t *pk_s, *sk_s; /* scratch: keygen outputs */ + uint8_t *ct_s, *ss_s; /* scratch: encaps outputs */ + uint8_t *ss_d; /* scratch: decaps output */ +} kem_ctx; +static int kem_keygen(void *c){ kem_ctx*x=c; + if (OQS_KEM_keypair(x->kem, x->pk_s, x->sk_s) != OQS_SUCCESS) return 1; + g_sink += x->pk_s[0]; return 0; } +static int kem_encaps(void *c){ kem_ctx*x=c; + if (OQS_KEM_encaps(x->kem, x->ct_s, x->ss_s, x->pk) != OQS_SUCCESS) return 1; + g_sink += (uint64_t)x->ss_s[0] ^ x->ct_s[0]; return 0; } +static int kem_decaps(void *c){ kem_ctx*x=c; + if (OQS_KEM_decaps(x->kem, x->ss_d, x->ct, x->sk) != OQS_SUCCESS) return 1; + g_sink += x->ss_d[0]; return 0; } + +static int run_kem(const char *alg, const bench_cfg *cfg) { + OQS_KEM *kem = OQS_KEM_new(alg); + if (!kem) { + printf("{\"alg\":\"%s\",\"kind\":\"kem\",\"implementation\":\"liboqs\",\"enabled\":false," + "\"reason\":\"not enabled in this liboqs build\"}\n", alg); + return 0; + } + kem_ctx x; memset(&x, 0, sizeof x); x.kem = kem; + x.pk = malloc(kem->length_public_key); x.sk = malloc(kem->length_secret_key); + x.ct = malloc(kem->length_ciphertext); + x.pk_s = malloc(kem->length_public_key); x.sk_s = malloc(kem->length_secret_key); + x.ct_s = malloc(kem->length_ciphertext); + x.ss_s = malloc(kem->length_shared_secret); + x.ss_d = malloc(kem->length_shared_secret); + if (!x.pk||!x.sk||!x.ct||!x.pk_s||!x.sk_s||!x.ct_s||!x.ss_s||!x.ss_d) die(alg,"out of memory"); + + /* ---- correctness check (ONCE, outside the timed loop) ---- + * keygen -> encaps -> decaps, then assert the shared secrets match. */ + if (OQS_KEM_keypair(kem, x.pk, x.sk) != OQS_SUCCESS) die(alg, "keygen failed"); + if (OQS_KEM_encaps(kem, x.ct, x.ss_s, x.pk) != OQS_SUCCESS) die(alg, "encaps failed"); + if (OQS_KEM_decaps(kem, x.ss_d, x.ct, x.sk) != OQS_SUCCESS) die(alg, "decaps failed"); + if (memcmp(x.ss_s, x.ss_d, kem->length_shared_secret) != 0) + die(alg, "KEM shared-secret mismatch (ss_encaps != ss_decaps)"); + + /* timed phases run on the canonical, validated (pk,sk,ct); any op failure + * during timing aborts via must_measure. */ + measure_out kg={0}, en={0}, de={0}; + must_measure(alg,"keygen",kem_keygen,&x,cfg,&kg); + must_measure(alg,"encaps",kem_encaps,&x,cfg,&en); + must_measure(alg,"decaps",kem_decaps,&x,cfg,&de); + + printf("{\"alg\":\"%s\",\"kind\":\"kem\",\"implementation\":\"liboqs\",\"enabled\":true,", alg); + printf("\"claimed_nist_level\":%d,", kem->claimed_nist_level); + printf("\"sizes\":{\"public_key\":%zu,\"secret_key\":%zu,\"ciphertext\":%zu,\"shared_secret\":%zu},", + kem->length_public_key, kem->length_secret_key, kem->length_ciphertext, kem->length_shared_secret); + printf("\"operations\":{"); + stats_t s; + s=compute_stats(kg.all,kg.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"keygen",s,&kg); printf(","); + s=compute_stats(en.all,en.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"encaps",s,&en); printf(","); + s=compute_stats(de.all,de.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"decaps",s,&de); + printf("}}\n"); + + free(kg.all); free(en.all); free(de.all); + free(x.pk); free(x.sk); free(x.ct); + free(x.pk_s); free(x.sk_s); free(x.ct_s); free(x.ss_s); free(x.ss_d); + OQS_KEM_free(kem); + return 0; +} + +/* ======================= liboqs SIG ====================================== */ +/* sign writes a scratch signature; verify reads the canonical (sg,sglen) over + * the canonical msg with the canonical pk — all pre-validated. */ +typedef struct { + OQS_SIG *sig; + uint8_t *pk, *sk; /* canonical keypair (sign/verify inputs) */ + uint8_t *msg; /* canonical message */ + uint8_t *sg; size_t sglen; /* canonical signature (verify input) */ + uint8_t *pk_s, *sk_s; /* scratch: keygen outputs */ + uint8_t *sg_s; size_t sg_s_len;/* scratch: sign output */ +} sig_ctx; +static int sig_keygen(void *c){ sig_ctx*x=c; + if (OQS_SIG_keypair(x->sig, x->pk_s, x->sk_s) != OQS_SUCCESS) return 1; + g_sink += x->pk_s[0]; return 0; } +static int sig_sign(void *c){ sig_ctx*x=c; + x->sg_s_len = x->sig->length_signature; + if (OQS_SIG_sign(x->sig, x->sg_s, &x->sg_s_len, x->msg, MSGLEN, x->sk) != OQS_SUCCESS) return 1; + g_sink += x->sg_s[0]; return 0; } +static int sig_verify(void *c){ sig_ctx*x=c; + if (OQS_SIG_verify(x->sig, x->msg, MSGLEN, x->sg, x->sglen, x->pk) != OQS_SUCCESS) return 1; + g_sink += 1; return 0; } + +static int run_sig(const char *alg, const bench_cfg *cfg) { + OQS_SIG *sig = OQS_SIG_new(alg); + if (!sig) { + printf("{\"alg\":\"%s\",\"kind\":\"sig\",\"implementation\":\"liboqs\",\"enabled\":false," + "\"reason\":\"not enabled in this liboqs build\"}\n", alg); + return 0; + } + sig_ctx x; memset(&x,0,sizeof x); x.sig=sig; + x.pk = malloc(sig->length_public_key); x.sk = malloc(sig->length_secret_key); + x.msg = malloc(MSGLEN); + x.sg = malloc(sig->length_signature); + x.pk_s = malloc(sig->length_public_key); x.sk_s = malloc(sig->length_secret_key); + x.sg_s = malloc(sig->length_signature); + if (!x.pk||!x.sk||!x.msg||!x.sg||!x.pk_s||!x.sk_s||!x.sg_s) die(alg,"out of memory"); + memset(x.msg, 0xA5, MSGLEN); + + /* ---- correctness check (ONCE, outside the timed loop) ---- + * keygen -> sign -> verify; the verify MUST succeed on a valid signature. */ + if (OQS_SIG_keypair(sig, x.pk, x.sk) != OQS_SUCCESS) die(alg, "keygen failed"); + x.sglen = sig->length_signature; + if (OQS_SIG_sign(sig, x.sg, &x.sglen, x.msg, MSGLEN, x.sk) != OQS_SUCCESS) die(alg, "sign failed"); + if (OQS_SIG_verify(sig, x.msg, MSGLEN, x.sg, x.sglen, x.pk) != OQS_SUCCESS) + die(alg, "signature verify failed on a valid signature (broken build)"); + + measure_out kg={0}, sg={0}, vf={0}; + must_measure(alg,"keygen",sig_keygen,&x,cfg,&kg); + must_measure(alg,"sign", sig_sign, &x,cfg,&sg); + must_measure(alg,"verify",sig_verify,&x,cfg,&vf); + + printf("{\"alg\":\"%s\",\"kind\":\"sig\",\"implementation\":\"liboqs\",\"enabled\":true,", alg); + printf("\"claimed_nist_level\":%d,", sig->claimed_nist_level); + printf("\"sizes\":{\"public_key\":%zu,\"secret_key\":%zu,\"signature\":%zu},", + sig->length_public_key, sig->length_secret_key, sig->length_signature); + printf("\"operations\":{"); + stats_t s; + s=compute_stats(kg.all,kg.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"keygen",s,&kg); printf(","); + s=compute_stats(sg.all,sg.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"sign",s,&sg); printf(","); + s=compute_stats(vf.all,vf.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"verify",s,&vf); + printf("}}\n"); + + free(kg.all); free(sg.all); free(vf.all); + free(x.pk); free(x.sk); free(x.msg); free(x.sg); + free(x.pk_s); free(x.sk_s); free(x.sg_s); + OQS_SIG_free(sig); + return 0; +} + +/* ======================= OpenSSL classical baselines ===================== */ +/* X25519 as a KEM-analog: keygen + ECDH derive (one shared-secret derivation). */ +typedef struct { EVP_PKEY *self; EVP_PKEY *peer; } x25519_ctx; +static int x25519_keygen(void *c){ + x25519_ctx*x=c; + if (x->self) { EVP_PKEY_free(x->self); x->self=NULL; } + EVP_PKEY_CTX *p = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_X25519,NULL); + if(!p) return 1; + int ok = EVP_PKEY_keygen_init(p)>0 && EVP_PKEY_keygen(p,&x->self)>0; + EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(p); + return ok?0:1; +} +/* derive shared secret a·b into out[32]; returns 1 on success */ +static int x25519_derive_into(EVP_PKEY *a, EVP_PKEY *b, unsigned char out[32]){ + EVP_PKEY_CTX *p = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(a,NULL); + if(!p) return 0; + size_t slen=32; + int ok = EVP_PKEY_derive_init(p)>0 && + EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer(p,b)>0 && + EVP_PKEY_derive(p,out,&slen)>0; + EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(p); + return ok; +} +static int x25519_derive(void *c){ + x25519_ctx*x=c; + unsigned char secret[32]; + if(!x25519_derive_into(x->self,x->peer,secret)) return 1; + g_sink += secret[0]; /* sink the derived shared secret */ + return 0; +} + +static int run_x25519(const bench_cfg *cfg) { + x25519_ctx x={0}; + if (x25519_keygen(&x) != 0) die("X25519","keygen failed"); /* self */ + /* a fixed peer key for derive */ + EVP_PKEY_CTX *p = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_X25519,NULL); + if(!p || EVP_PKEY_keygen_init(p)<=0 || EVP_PKEY_keygen(p,&x.peer)<=0) die("X25519","peer keygen failed"); + EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(p); + + /* ---- correctness check (ONCE, outside timing): ECDH must agree ---- */ + { + unsigned char sa[32], sb[32]; + if (!x25519_derive_into(x.self, x.peer, sa)) die("X25519","derive(self,peer) failed"); + if (!x25519_derive_into(x.peer, x.self, sb)) die("X25519","derive(peer,self) failed"); + if (memcmp(sa, sb, 32) != 0) die("X25519","ECDH shared-secret mismatch"); + } + + measure_out kg={0}, dv={0}; + must_measure("X25519","keygen",x25519_keygen,&x,cfg,&kg); + /* keygen frees+replaces self each call; re-make a stable self for derive */ + if (x25519_keygen(&x) != 0) die("X25519","keygen failed"); + must_measure("X25519","derive",x25519_derive,&x,cfg,&dv); + + printf("{\"alg\":\"X25519\",\"kind\":\"kem\",\"implementation\":\"openssl\",\"classical\":true,\"enabled\":true,"); + printf("\"claimed_nist_level\":1,"); + printf("\"sizes\":{\"public_key\":32,\"secret_key\":32,\"ciphertext\":null,\"shared_secret\":32},"); + printf("\"operations\":{"); + stats_t s; + s=compute_stats(kg.all,kg.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"keygen",s,&kg); printf(","); + s=compute_stats(dv.all,dv.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"derive",s,&dv); + printf("}}\n"); + free(kg.all); free(dv.all); + if(x.self)EVP_PKEY_free(x.self); if(x.peer)EVP_PKEY_free(x.peer); + return 0; +} + +/* Ed25519 signature baseline. */ +typedef struct { EVP_PKEY *key; unsigned char msg[32]; unsigned char sig[64]; size_t siglen; } ed_ctx; +static int ed_keygen(void *c){ + ed_ctx*x=c; + if(x->key){EVP_PKEY_free(x->key);x->key=NULL;} + EVP_PKEY_CTX *p=EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_ED25519,NULL); + if(!p)return 1; + int ok=EVP_PKEY_keygen_init(p)>0 && EVP_PKEY_keygen(p,&x->key)>0; + EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(p); + return ok?0:1; +} +static int ed_sign(void *c){ + ed_ctx*x=c; + EVP_MD_CTX *m=EVP_MD_CTX_new(); if(!m)return 1; + x->siglen=sizeof x->sig; + int ok = EVP_DigestSignInit(m,NULL,NULL,NULL,x->key)>0 && + EVP_DigestSign(m,x->sig,&x->siglen,x->msg,sizeof x->msg)>0; + EVP_MD_CTX_free(m); + if(!ok) return 1; + g_sink += x->sig[0]; /* sink the signature */ + return 0; +} +static int ed_verify(void *c){ + ed_ctx*x=c; + EVP_MD_CTX *m=EVP_MD_CTX_new(); if(!m)return 1; + int ok = EVP_DigestVerifyInit(m,NULL,NULL,NULL,x->key)>0 && + EVP_DigestVerify(m,x->sig,x->siglen,x->msg,sizeof x->msg)>0; + EVP_MD_CTX_free(m); + if(!ok) return 1; + g_sink += 1; /* sink the (successful) verify result */ + return 0; +} + +static int run_ed25519(const bench_cfg *cfg) { + ed_ctx x; memset(&x,0,sizeof x); memset(x.msg,0xA5,sizeof x.msg); + + /* ---- correctness check (ONCE, outside timing): verify MUST succeed ---- */ + if (ed_keygen(&x) != 0) die("Ed25519","keygen failed"); + if (ed_sign(&x) != 0) die("Ed25519","sign failed"); + if (ed_verify(&x) != 0) die("Ed25519","verify failed on a valid signature (broken build)"); + + measure_out kg={0}, sg={0}, vf={0}; + must_measure("Ed25519","keygen",ed_keygen,&x,cfg,&kg); + if (ed_keygen(&x)!=0 || ed_sign(&x)!=0) die("Ed25519","re-priming key+sig failed"); + must_measure("Ed25519","sign", ed_sign, &x,cfg,&sg); + must_measure("Ed25519","verify",ed_verify,&x,cfg,&vf); + + printf("{\"alg\":\"Ed25519\",\"kind\":\"sig\",\"implementation\":\"openssl\",\"classical\":true,\"enabled\":true,"); + printf("\"claimed_nist_level\":1,"); + printf("\"sizes\":{\"public_key\":32,\"secret_key\":32,\"signature\":64},"); + printf("\"operations\":{"); + stats_t s; + s=compute_stats(kg.all,kg.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"keygen",s,&kg); printf(","); + s=compute_stats(sg.all,sg.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"sign",s,&sg); printf(","); + s=compute_stats(vf.all,vf.all_n); print_stats_json(stdout,"verify",s,&vf); + printf("}}\n"); + free(kg.all); free(sg.all); free(vf.all); + if(x.key)EVP_PKEY_free(x.key); + return 0; +} + +/* ---- main --------------------------------------------------------------- */ +static void usage(void){ + fprintf(stderr, + "usage: bench_pq --kind kem|sig --alg NAME [options]\n" + " auto-calibration (default): each op is timed to ~--target-time-ms of\n" + " aggregate work, clamped to [--min-samples, --max-iters].\n" + " --target-time-ms N per-op timed-work target (default 250)\n" + " --min-samples N floor on timed iters per rep (default 30)\n" + " --max-iters N ceiling on timed iters per rep (default 20000)\n" + " --reps N independent repetitions (default 5)\n" + " --iters N FIXED-count fallback: exactly N timed iters/rep\n" + " (disables calibration; pairs with --warmup)\n" + " --warmup N warmup iters/rep in fixed-count mode (default 1000)\n"); +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) { + const char *kind=NULL, *alg=NULL; + /* fixed-count fallback knobs */ + uint64_t warmup=1000, iters=0, reps=5; /* iters=0 => auto-calibrate */ + /* auto-calibration knobs */ + uint64_t target_time_ms=250, min_samples=30, max_iters=20000; + for (int i=1;i0 => fixed-count mode */ + .target_ns = target_time_ms * 1000000ull, + .min_samples = min_samples, + .max_iters = max_iters, + .warmup = warmup, + .reps = reps, + }; + if (iters>0) + fprintf(stderr,"[bench_pq] mode=fixed-count reps=%llu warmup=%llu iters=%llu\n", + (unsigned long long)reps,(unsigned long long)warmup,(unsigned long long)iters); + else + fprintf(stderr,"[bench_pq] mode=auto-calibrate reps=%llu target=%llums min_samples=%llu max_iters=%llu\n", + (unsigned long long)reps,(unsigned long long)target_time_ms, + (unsigned long long)min_samples,(unsigned long long)max_iters); + + /* PMU cycle availability probe (reported once via stderr-free channel: + * embedded into the JSON header line below). */ + const char *pmu_reason=NULL; + int pmu_ok = probe_pmu(&pmu_reason); + fprintf(stderr,"[bench_pq] cycles_available=%d (%s)\n", pmu_ok, pmu_reason); + + OQS_init(); + int rc; + if(!strcmp(kind,"kem")){ + if(!strcmp(alg,"X25519")) rc=run_x25519(&cfg); + else rc=run_kem(alg,&cfg); + } else if(!strcmp(kind,"sig")){ + if(!strcmp(alg,"Ed25519")) rc=run_ed25519(&cfg); + else rc=run_sig(alg,&cfg); + } else { usage(); rc=2; } + OQS_destroy(); + return rc; +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e368bb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py @@ -0,0 +1,625 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""assemble.py — merge harness outputs + thermal trace + environment metadata +into one results JSON with full provenance. + +Inputs (all paths): + --meta meta.env KEY=VALUE run/host facts collected by run.sh + --lock versions.lock toolchain provenance from setup.sh + --features cpu_features.json CPU/crypto-extension detection (from run.sh) + --kemsig kemsig.jsonl one JSON object per algorithm from bench_pq + --tls tls.json output of the TLS harness (optional) + --thermal thermal.csv epoch_s,arm_clock_hz,temp_c,throttled_hex samples + --out results/-.json + +The single most important output field is `is_baseline_grade`: true ONLY on a +real RPi5 with performance governor, core pinning, A76-targeted flags, and no +thermal throttling. Everything else (notably macOS smoke runs) is false, with +reasons recorded — so smoke output can never be mistaken for the baseline. +""" +from __future__ import annotations +import argparse +import json +import os +import statistics +import sys + +# 2.0.0: per-row `backend` renamed to `implementation` (which library produced +# the measurement — vocabulary: liboqs, openssl, rustcrypto, oqs-provider, +# openssl-native, rustls-awslc); KEM/sig rows gained a `total` aggregate; TLS +# matrix cells gained `phase` / `implementation` / `sig_alg` and a +# `handshake_primitive_sum` block relating handshake latency to the primitive +# operations it performs. +SCHEMA_VERSION = "2.0.0" + +# Shared honesty note for every aggregate we compute from per-op medians. +DERIVED_NOTE = ("sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure " + "(a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), " + "not a measured latency") + + +def parse_envfile(path: str) -> dict: + """Parse KEY=VALUE / KEY="value" lines (shared format of meta.env + versions.lock).""" + out = {} + if not path or not os.path.exists(path): + return out + with open(path) as f: + for line in f: + line = line.strip() + if not line or line.startswith("#") or "=" not in line: + continue + k, v = line.split("=", 1) + v = v.strip() + if len(v) >= 2 and v[0] == v[-1] and v[0] in "\"'": + v = v[1:-1] + out[k.strip()] = v + return out + + +def load_jsonl(path: str) -> list: + items = [] + if not path or not os.path.exists(path): + return items + with open(path) as f: + for line in f: + line = line.strip() + if line: + try: + items.append(json.loads(line)) + except json.JSONDecodeError as e: + print(f"[assemble] skipping bad JSONL line: {e}", file=sys.stderr) + return items + + +def load_json(path: str): + if path and os.path.exists(path): + with open(path) as f: + return json.load(f) + return None + + +def parse_thermal(path: str) -> dict: + """Reduce the raw CSV trace to a compact embedded record + summary.""" + cols = ["epoch_s", "arm_clock_hz", "temp_c", "throttled_hex"] + samples, temps, clocks = [], [], [] + throttling_detected = False + if path and os.path.exists(path): + with open(path) as f: + for line in f: + parts = line.strip().split(",") + if len(parts) != 4: + continue + ep, clk, temp, thr = parts + samples.append([ + int(ep) if ep else None, + int(clk) if clk else None, + float(temp) if temp else None, + thr or None, + ]) + if temp: + temps.append(float(temp)) + if clk: + clocks.append(int(clk)) + if thr: + try: + v = int(thr, 16) + # bit2 = throttling now, bit18 = throttling has occurred + if v & 0x4 or v & 0x40000: + throttling_detected = True + except ValueError: + pass + + def summarize(vals): + if not vals: + return None + return { + "min": min(vals), "max": max(vals), + "mean": round(statistics.fmean(vals), 3), + "samples": len(vals), + } + + clock_summary = summarize(clocks) + # Detect frequency droop as a secondary throttling signal. + if clock_summary and clocks: + spread = (max(clocks) - min(clocks)) / max(clocks) + clock_summary["spread_frac"] = round(spread, 4) + + return { + "columns": cols, + "samples": samples, + "temp_c": summarize(temps), + "arm_clock_hz": clock_summary, + "throttling_detected": throttling_detected, + } + + +def to_int(s, default=None): + try: + return int(s) + except (TypeError, ValueError): + return default + + +# ---- schema v2 helpers ------------------------------------------------------ + +def normalize_kemsig_row(row: dict) -> dict: + """v1 compat: rows emitted by pre-2.0 harness builds carry `backend`; the + field is now `implementation` (same meaning). Lets assemble re-run on old + work dirs without rewriting them.""" + if "implementation" not in row and "backend" in row: + row["implementation"] = row.pop("backend") + return row + + +# The canonical one-full-cycle operations per row kind. Auxiliary operations +# (e.g. the rustcrypto rows' `verify_cached_key` variant) are deliberately NOT +# part of the total — the cycle contains one verify, priced at the wire-bytes +# (`verify`) shape. +TOTAL_OPS = ("keygen", "encaps", "decaps", "derive", "sign", "verify") + + +def add_row_total(row: dict) -> None: + """Aggregate one row's full operation cycle (KEM: keygen+encaps+decaps; + sig: keygen+sign+verify; the X25519 KEM-analog: keygen+derive).""" + ops = row.get("operations") or {} + medians = {op: (st or {}).get("median") + for op, st in ops.items() if op in TOTAL_OPS} + if not medians or any(v is None for v in medians.values()): + return + row["total"] = { + "sum_of_medians_ns": round(sum(medians.values()), 2), + "operations": list(medians.keys()), + "note": DERIVED_NOTE, + } + + +def norm_alg(name: str) -> str: + """Case/punctuation-insensitive algorithm key: 'ML-DSA-44' -> 'mldsa44', + 'SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple' -> 'sphincssha2128fsimple' (the oqs-provider + spelling), so TLS names and primitive names meet without a lookup table.""" + return "".join(ch for ch in (name or "").lower() if ch.isalnum()) + + +PQ_KEM_TOKENS = ("mlkem", "kyber", "frodo", "hqc", "bike", "ntru", "mceliece") +CLASSICAL_SIG_PREFIXES = ("ed25519", "ed448", "ecdsa", "rsa") + + +def infer_phase(group: str, sig_alg: str) -> str: + """Migration-framework phase of a TLS cell (fallback for rows produced + before the harness emitted `phase` itself; keep in sync with + bench/tls/run_tls.sh phase_for()).""" + g, s = (group or "").lower(), (sig_alg or "").lower() + pq_kem = any(t in g for t in PQ_KEM_TOKENS) + classical_sig = s.startswith(CLASSICAL_SIG_PREFIXES) + if classical_sig: + return "phase0" if pq_kem else "baseline" + return "phase2" + + +# Primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs, per component. +# KEM framing: client generates the keyshare (keygen), server encapsulates, +# client decapsulates. ECDH framing (X25519 rows measure keygen+derive): both +# sides generate a keyshare and both sides derive, hence count 2 + 2. +KEM_OPS = (("keygen", 1, "client KEM keyshare generation"), + ("encaps", 1, "server encapsulation"), + ("decaps", 1, "client decapsulation")) +ECDH_OPS = (("keygen", 2, "client + server ECDH keyshare generation"), + ("derive", 2, "shared-secret derivation on both sides")) +SIG_OPS = (("sign", 1, "server CertificateVerify signature"), + ("verify", 2, "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature " + "over the server certificate")) + +HANDSHAKE_SUM_NOTE = ( + "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with " + "this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's " + "KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (" + DERIVED_NOTE + "); excludes " + "KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead — the gap to " + "handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 " + "assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on " + "the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's " + "self-signature by default).") + + +def kem_group_components(group: str): + """Map a TLS group to its measured KEM-side components. + Returns ([(normalized_alg, ops_spec), ...], [missing_descriptions]).""" + g = norm_alg(group) + if g == "x25519": + return [("x25519", ECDH_OPS)], [] + if g in ("mlkem512", "mlkem768", "mlkem1024"): + return [(g, KEM_OPS)], [] + if g == "x25519mlkem768": + return [("x25519", ECDH_OPS), ("mlkem768", KEM_OPS)], [] + if g == "x448mlkem1024": + return [("x448", ECDH_OPS), ("mlkem1024", KEM_OPS)], [] + if g == "secp256r1mlkem768": + return [("secp256r1", ECDH_OPS), ("mlkem768", KEM_OPS)], [] + if g == "secp384r1mlkem1024": + return [("secp384r1", ECDH_OPS), ("mlkem1024", KEM_OPS)], [] + return [], [f"no primitive mapping defined for TLS group '{group}'"] + + +# ---- acceleration provenance (per-row, empirically determined) ------------- +# Two independent axes, recorded in the JSON so the companion document's +# classification cannot drift from reality: +# arithmetic — hand-written asm vs portable code (derived from build +# provenance: liboqs' *_aarch64 enable defines / the Rust provenance). +# symmetric — which primitive(s) the hot loop uses, where that +# implementation comes from, and whether it reaches hardware instructions +# on this CPU (combined with the run's cpu_features). +# Sources for liboqs rows were established by DIFFERENTIAL BUILDS on +# 2026-07-19/20 (liboqs 0.15.0 @97f6b86, Apple M3): toggling +# OQS_USE_{SHA2,AES,SHA3}_OPENSSL and measuring which rows move. Key results: +# SPHINCS+-SHA2 moved ~54% when SHA-2 left OpenSSL -> OQS SHA-2 layer (EVP) +# SLH-DSA moved 0% on every toggle -> bundles its own +# portable SHA-2/SHA-3 (verified in slh_dsa_c source) +# FrodoKEM-AES moved 8-13% when AES left OpenSSL -> OQS AES layer (EVP) +# ML-KEM moved 15-24% when SHA-3 moved to EVP -> OQS SHA-3 layer +# (liboqs-internal xkcp in the shipped config) +# ML-DSA/Falcon <=2% on the SHA-3 toggle (differential inconclusive); the +# pqclean fips202 shim routes them to the OQS SHA-3 layer +# (source inspection), their dominant SHAKE path is simply +# insensitive to the toggle. +# McEliece encaps/decaps flat on every toggle; keygen medians too +# unstable (rejection sampling) for the differential to +# resolve — SHAKE via the fips202 shim per source inspection. + +DIFF = "differential-build" +SRC_INSP = "source-inspection" + + +def _sym(primitive, source, hw, determined_by, note=None): + d = {"primitive": primitive, "source": source, + "hw_instructions": bool(hw), "determined_by": determined_by} + if note: + d["note"] = note + return d + + +def acceleration_for(row: dict, features: dict, opt_defines: str, + rust_prov: dict) -> dict: + impl = row.get("implementation") + n = norm_alg(row.get("alg")) + aes_hw = features.get("aes") + sha2_hw = features.get("sha2") + sha3_hw = features.get("sha3") + + if impl == "openssl": # classical EVP baselines + return {"arithmetic": {"path": "openssl-internal", + "detail": "OpenSSL's own curve25519 code (assembly on major targets)"}, + "symmetric": [], + "determined_by": SRC_INSP} + + if impl == "aws-lc-rs": # pricing rows for the rustls-awslc TLS group + return {"arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper — " + "measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an " + "independent implementation"}, + "symmetric": [ + {"primitive": "internal", "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": None, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised"}], + "determined_by": SRC_INSP} + + if impl == "rustcrypto": + arith = {"path": "portable-rust", + "detail": "no hand-written asm / explicit SIMD; compiler autovectorisation only"} + if n in ("x25519", "ed25519"): + arith["detail"] = "curve25519-dalek (portable Rust with formally-derived field arithmetic)" + sym = [] + elif n.startswith("mlkem") or n.startswith("mldsa"): + sym = [_sym("sha3-shake", "rust keccak crate (cpufeatures runtime dispatch)", + sha3_hw, SRC_INSP, + "reaches ARMv8.2 SHA3 instructions only where the CPU has them " + "(Apple M-series yes, Cortex-A76 no)")] + elif "slhdsa" in n or "sha2" in n: + sym = [_sym("sha2", "rust sha2 crate (cpufeatures runtime dispatch)", + sha2_hw, SRC_INSP)] + else: + sym = [] + return {"arithmetic": arith, "symmetric": sym, "determined_by": SRC_INSP} + + # ---- liboqs rows -------------------------------------------------------- + defines = opt_defines or "" + + def asm_enabled(token): + return f"{token} 1" in defines + + arith = {"path": "portable-c"} + if n.startswith("mlkem"): + size = n.replace("mlkem", "") + if asm_enabled(f"OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_{size}_aarch64"): + arith = {"path": "aarch64-asm", "detail": "mlkem-native aarch64 backend"} + sym = [_sym("sha3-shake", "OQS SHA-3 layer (liboqs-internal xkcp)", sha3_hw, + DIFF + " (+15-24% when redirected to OpenSSL EVP)")] + elif n.startswith("falcon"): + size = "512" if "512" in n else "1024" + if asm_enabled(f"OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_{size}_aarch64"): + arith = {"path": "aarch64-asm", "detail": "falcon aarch64 backend"} + sym = [_sym("sha3-shake", "OQS SHA-3 layer (liboqs-internal xkcp)", sha3_hw, + SRC_INSP + " (fips202 shim; differential <=2% — minor SHAKE share)")] + elif n.startswith("mldsa"): + sym = [_sym("sha3-shake", "OQS SHA-3 layer (liboqs-internal xkcp)", sha3_hw, + SRC_INSP + " (fips202 shim; differential inconclusive at <=2%)")] + elif n.startswith("slhdsa"): + prim = "sha2" if "sha2" in n else "sha3-shake" + sym = [_sym(prim, "bundled portable C inside slh_dsa_c (ignores the OQS symmetric layers)", + False, DIFF + " (0% on every toggle) + " + SRC_INSP)] + elif n.startswith("sphincs"): + prim = "sha2" if "sha2" in n else "sha3-shake" + src = "OQS SHA-2 layer (OpenSSL EVP)" if prim == "sha2" \ + else "OQS SHA-3 layer (liboqs-internal xkcp)" + hw = sha2_hw if prim == "sha2" else sha3_hw + det = DIFF + " (~54% slower with liboqs-internal SHA-2)" if prim == "sha2" else SRC_INSP + sym = [_sym(prim, src, hw, det)] + elif n.startswith("frodokem"): + sym = [_sym("aes", "OQS AES layer (OpenSSL EVP)", aes_hw, + DIFF + " (+8-13% with liboqs-internal AES)")] + if "shake" in n: + sym = [_sym("sha3-shake", "OQS SHA-3 layer (liboqs-internal xkcp)", sha3_hw, SRC_INSP)] + elif n.startswith("classicmceliece"): + sym = [_sym("sha3-shake", "fips202 shim -> OQS SHA-3 layer", sha3_hw, + SRC_INSP + " (differential flat on encaps/decaps; keygen medians " + "too unstable — rejection sampling — to resolve)")] + else: + sym = [] + return {"arithmetic": arith, "symmetric": sym, + "determined_by": "; ".join(sorted({s["determined_by"].split(" (")[0] for s in sym}) or [SRC_INSP])} + + +def annotate_acceleration(kem_rows, sig_rows, features, opt_defines, rust_prov): + for row in kem_rows + sig_rows: + if row.get("enabled"): + row["acceleration"] = acceleration_for(row, features or {}, + opt_defines, rust_prov or {}) + + +def cross_check_sizes(kem_rows: list, sig_rows: list, warnings: list) -> None: + """When the same algorithm is measured by more than one implementation + (liboqs vs rustcrypto), their reported sizes MUST agree on every field + they both carry — a mismatch means a bug or a spec disagreement, not a + benchmarking result. Reported loudly: warnings array + stderr.""" + for rows in (kem_rows, sig_rows): + by_alg = {} + for r in rows: + if r.get("enabled"): + by_alg.setdefault(norm_alg(r.get("alg")), []).append(r) + for group in by_alg.values(): + base = group[0] + bs = base.get("sizes") or {} + for other in group[1:]: + os_ = other.get("sizes") or {} + for key in sorted(set(bs) & set(os_)): + if bs[key] != os_[key]: + msg = (f"SIZE MISMATCH for {base['alg']} .{key}: " + f"{base.get('implementation')}={bs[key]} vs " + f"{other.get('implementation')}={os_[key]} — " + "bug or spec disagreement, NOT a benchmark result") + warnings.append(msg) + print(f"[assemble] {msg}", file=sys.stderr) + + +def annotate_tls(tls: dict, kem_rows: list, sig_rows: list) -> None: + """Stamp phase/implementation/sig_alg defaults and compute the + handshake_primitive_sum block for every enabled matrix cell.""" + # Sums must be priced from the primitives the handshake ACTUALLY executes: + # C-stack cells (openssl-native / oqs-provider) strictly from liboqs and + # openssl rows; rustls-awslc cells strictly from aws-lc-rs rows. A row + # from the wrong implementation (e.g. pure-Rust rustcrypto, ~2x slower + # than the asm paths) must NEVER price a cell, even when it is the only + # row with a matching algorithm name. + idx_c, idx_awslc = {}, {} + for row in kem_rows + sig_rows: + if not row.get("enabled"): + continue + key = (row.get("kind"), norm_alg(row.get("alg"))) + impl = row.get("implementation") + if impl in ("liboqs", "openssl"): + idx_c.setdefault(key, row) + elif impl == "aws-lc-rs": + idx_awslc.setdefault(key, row) + + def component_entries(kind, row, ops_spec, out, missing): + for op, count, role in ops_spec: + st = (row.get("operations") or {}).get(op) or {} + med = st.get("median") + if med is None: + missing.append( + f"operation '{op}' not measured for {kind} primitive " + f"'{row.get('alg')}'") + continue + out.append({ + "kind": kind, "alg": row.get("alg"), + "implementation": row.get("implementation"), + "operation": op, "count": count, + "median_ns_each": med, + "subtotal_ns": round(count * med, 2), + "role": role, + }) + + for cell in (tls.get("matrix") or []): + label = cell.get("label") or "" + sig_alg = cell.get("sig_alg") or \ + (label.split("+", 1)[1] if "+" in label else "") + cell["sig_alg"] = sig_alg + cell.setdefault("implementation", "oqs-provider") + if not cell.get("phase"): + cell["phase"] = infer_phase(cell.get("group"), sig_alg) + if not cell.get("enabled"): + continue + + if cell.get("implementation") == "rustls-awslc": + idx, stack = idx_awslc, "aws-lc-rs" + else: + idx, stack = idx_c, "liboqs/openssl" + + comps_spec, missing = kem_group_components(cell.get("group")) + components = [] + for alg_key, ops_spec in comps_spec: + row = idx.get(("kem", alg_key)) + if row is None: + missing.append( + f"KEM primitive matching '{alg_key}' not measured from the " + f"{stack} implementation in this run") + continue + component_entries("kem", row, ops_spec, components, missing) + srow = idx.get(("sig", norm_alg(sig_alg))) + if srow is None: + missing.append( + f"signature primitive matching '{sig_alg}' not measured from " + f"the {stack} implementation in this run") + else: + component_entries("sig", srow, SIG_OPS, components, missing) + + complete = not missing + cell["handshake_primitive_sum"] = { + "sum_of_medians_ns": + round(sum(c["subtotal_ns"] for c in components), 1) + if complete else None, + "complete": complete, + "components": components, + "missing": missing, + "note": HANDSHAKE_SUM_NOTE, + } + + +def main(): + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser() + ap.add_argument("--meta", required=True) + ap.add_argument("--lock", default="") + ap.add_argument("--features", default="") + ap.add_argument("--kemsig", default="") + ap.add_argument("--tls", default="") + ap.add_argument("--rust-provenance", default="", + help="JSON from pqb-rust --provenance (or an " + "available:false stub explaining why the rustcrypto " + "group did not run)") + ap.add_argument("--rust-tls-provenance", default="", + help="JSON from pqb-rust-tls --provenance (the " + "rustls-awslc TLS group)") + ap.add_argument("--thermal", default="") + ap.add_argument("--config", default="") + ap.add_argument("--out", required=True) + args = ap.parse_args() + + meta = parse_envfile(args.meta) + lock = parse_envfile(args.lock) + features = load_json(args.features) or {} + kemsig = [normalize_kemsig_row(r) for r in load_jsonl(args.kemsig)] + tls = load_json(args.tls) + thermal = parse_thermal(args.thermal) + + rust_toolchain = load_json(args.rust_provenance) or { + "available": False, "reason": "rust harness not run"} + rust_tls_toolchain = load_json(args.rust_tls_provenance) or { + "available": False, "reason": "rustls harness not run"} + + for row in kemsig: + if row.get("enabled"): + add_row_total(row) + kem_rows = [r for r in kemsig if r.get("kind") == "kem"] + sig_rows = [r for r in kemsig if r.get("kind") == "sig"] + annotate_acceleration(kem_rows, sig_rows, features, + lock.get("LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES", ""), rust_toolchain) + if isinstance(tls, dict): + annotate_tls(tls, kem_rows, sig_rows) + + is_rpi = meta.get("IS_RPI") == "1" + governor = meta.get("GOVERNOR_AFTER") or meta.get("GOVERNOR_BEFORE") or "unknown" + pinned = meta.get("PINNED") == "1" + cflags_target = lock.get("CFLAGS_TARGET", "unknown") + + # ---- the anti-confusion gate ----------------------------------------- + baseline_reasons = [] + if not is_rpi: + baseline_reasons.append( + f"host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='{meta.get('RPI_MODEL','')}', os={meta.get('OS')})") + if governor != "performance": + baseline_reasons.append(f"CPU governor is '{governor}', not 'performance'") + if not pinned: + baseline_reasons.append("benchmark was not pinned to a dedicated core (no taskset)") + if cflags_target != "cortex-a76": + baseline_reasons.append(f"build flags targeted '{cflags_target}', not cortex-a76") + if thermal.get("throttling_detected"): + baseline_reasons.append("thermal throttling was detected during the run") + is_baseline_grade = len(baseline_reasons) == 0 + + warnings = [] + raw_warn = meta.get("WARNINGS", "") + if raw_warn: + warnings.extend([w for w in raw_warn.split("||") if w]) + if not is_baseline_grade: + warnings.append("NOT RPi5-baseline-grade: " + "; ".join(baseline_reasons)) + cross_check_sizes(kem_rows, sig_rows, warnings) + + result = { + "schema_version": SCHEMA_VERSION, + "tool_version": meta.get("TOOL_VERSION", "0.1.0"), + "generated_utc": meta.get("TS_END_UTC", ""), + "is_baseline_grade": is_baseline_grade, + "baseline_grade_reasons": baseline_reasons, + "host": { + "hostname": meta.get("HOSTNAME", ""), + "os": meta.get("OS", ""), + "os_pretty": meta.get("OS_PRETTY", ""), + "arch": meta.get("ARCH", ""), + "kernel": meta.get("KERNEL", ""), + "is_rpi": is_rpi, + "rpi_model": meta.get("RPI_MODEL", ""), + "cpu_brand": meta.get("CPU_BRAND", ""), + "ncpu": to_int(meta.get("NCPU")), + "ram_bytes": to_int(meta.get("RAM_BYTES")), + }, + "cpu_features": features, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": meta.get("TS_START_UTC", ""), + "timestamp_end_utc": meta.get("TS_END_UTC", ""), + "duration_s": to_int(meta.get("DURATION_S")), + "governor_requested": meta.get("GOVERNOR_REQUESTED", ""), + "governor_before": meta.get("GOVERNOR_BEFORE", ""), + "governor_after": meta.get("GOVERNOR_AFTER", ""), + "bench_core": to_int(meta.get("BENCH_CORE")), + "pinned": pinned, + "taskset_cmd": meta.get("TASKSET_CMD", ""), + # Per-op sizing. In auto-calibration mode warmup_iters/timed_iters are + # chosen per operation (see each entry under kem/sig "operations"); + # the run-level target/min/max below describe how they were derived. + "calibration_mode": meta.get("CALIB_MODE", "auto"), + "target_time_ms": to_int(meta.get("TARGET_TIME_MS")), + "min_samples": to_int(meta.get("MIN_SAMPLES")), + "max_iters": to_int(meta.get("MAX_ITERS")), + "warmup_iters": to_int(meta.get("WARMUP")), + "timed_iters": to_int(meta.get("ITERS")), + "repetitions": to_int(meta.get("REPS")), + "cycles_mode": meta.get("CYCLES_MODE", ""), + "cycles_available": meta.get("CYCLES_AVAILABLE") == "1", + "cycles_reason": meta.get("CYCLES_REASON", ""), + }, + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": lock.get("CC_VERSION", ""), + "bench_cflags": lock.get("BENCH_CFLAGS", ""), + "cflags_target": cflags_target, + "liboqs_ref": lock.get("LIBOQS_REF", ""), + "liboqs_commit": lock.get("LIBOQS_COMMIT", ""), + "liboqs_opt_defines": lock.get("LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES", ""), + "openssl": lock.get("OPENSSL_COMMIT", ""), + "oqsprovider_ref": lock.get("OQSPROVIDER_REF", ""), + "oqsprovider_commit": lock.get("OQSPROVIDER_COMMIT", ""), + "rust": rust_toolchain, + "rust_tls": rust_tls_toolchain, + }, + "thermal_trace": thermal, + "warnings": warnings, + "kem": kem_rows, + "sig": sig_rows, + "tls": tls, + } + + os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(args.out) or ".", exist_ok=True) + with open(args.out, "w") as f: + json.dump(result, f, indent=2) + print(args.out) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/list_algs.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/list_algs.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5dcbc63 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/list_algs.py @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""list_algs.py — expand config.yaml into shell-consumable lines for run.sh. + +Modes: + measurement -> KEY=VALUE lines (auto-calib: target/min_samples/max_iters/ + reps/cycles_mode; plus warmup/iters fixed-count fallback) + kemsig -> one "kindalgis_classical" line per algorithm, + baselines first (so charts always have the reference point) + tls -> emits the TLS matrix as JSON on one line + +Uses the dependency-free miniyaml parser so no PyYAML is required. +""" +import os +import sys +import json + +sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) +import miniyaml # noqa: E402 + + +def main(): + mode = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "kemsig" + cfg_path = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "config.yaml" + cfg = miniyaml.load_file(cfg_path) + + if mode == "measurement": + m = cfg.get("measurement", {}) or {} + # auto-calibration knobs (default path) + print(f"TARGET_TIME_MS={m.get('target_time_ms', 250)}") + print(f"MIN_SAMPLES={m.get('min_samples', 30)}") + print(f"MAX_ITERS={m.get('max_iters', 20000)}") + print(f"REPS={m.get('repetitions', 5)}") + print(f"CYCLES_MODE={m.get('cycles_mode', 'auto')}") + # fixed-count fallback knobs (used only with ./run.sh --iters) + print(f"WARMUP={m.get('warmup_iters', 1000)}") + print(f"ITERS={m.get('timed_iters', 10000)}") + + elif mode == "kemsig": + for kind in ("kem", "sig"): + section = cfg.get(kind, {}) or {} + for grp in ("baseline", "candidates"): + for item in (section.get(grp) or []): + if isinstance(item, dict): + name = item.get("name") + classical = "1" if item.get("classical") else "0" + else: + name, classical = item, "0" + if name: + print(f"{kind}\t{name}\t{classical}") + + elif mode == "tls": + print(json.dumps(cfg.get("tls", {}))) + + else: + sys.exit(f"unknown mode: {mode}") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/miniyaml.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/miniyaml.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03ee6be --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/miniyaml.py @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +"""miniyaml — a dependency-free parser for the restricted YAML subset used by +config.yaml. + +We deliberately avoid a PyYAML runtime dependency so the core pipeline runs on a +stock Python 3 (the RPi5 / Mac smoke box both have only stdlib by default). + +Supported subset (sufficient for config.yaml): + - nested mappings via indentation (2 spaces per level by convention) + - lists of scalars: "- value" + - lists of mappings: "- key: value" then indented "key: value" + - scalars: int, float, bool (true/false), null/~, quoted or bare strings + - "# comment" to end of line (outside quotes) + +It is NOT a general YAML implementation. If a user needs full YAML they can +install PyYAML and set PQB_USE_PYYAML=1. +""" +from __future__ import annotations +import os +import re + + +def _scalar(tok: str): + s = tok.strip() + if s == "" or s in ("~", "null", "Null", "NULL"): + return None + if (s[0] == '"' and s[-1] == '"') or (s[0] == "'" and s[-1] == "'"): + return s[1:-1] + low = s.lower() + if low in ("true", "yes"): + return True + if low in ("false", "no"): + return False + if re.fullmatch(r"[+-]?\d+", s): + return int(s) + if re.fullmatch(r"[+-]?\d*\.\d+([eE][+-]?\d+)?", s): + return float(s) + return s + + +def _strip_comment(line: str) -> str: + out, q = [], None + for ch in line: + if q: + out.append(ch) + if ch == q: + q = None + elif ch in ("'", '"'): + q = ch + out.append(ch) + elif ch == "#": + break + else: + out.append(ch) + return "".join(out).rstrip() + + +def _indent(line: str) -> int: + return len(line) - len(line.lstrip(" ")) + + +def loads(text: str): + # Tokenize into (indent, content) ignoring blank/comment-only lines. + lines = [] + for raw in text.splitlines(): + c = _strip_comment(raw) + if c.strip() == "": + continue + lines.append((_indent(c), c.strip(), c)) + pos = [0] + + def parse_block(min_indent: int): + if pos[0] >= len(lines): + return None + indent = lines[pos[0]][0] + if lines[pos[0]][1].startswith("- "): + return parse_list(indent) + return parse_map(indent) + + def parse_map(indent: int): + obj = {} + while pos[0] < len(lines): + ind, stripped, _ = lines[pos[0]] + if ind < indent or stripped.startswith("- "): + break + if ind > indent: # malformed; skip + pos[0] += 1 + continue + m = re.match(r"^([^:]+):\s*(.*)$", stripped) + if not m: + pos[0] += 1 + continue + key, val = m.group(1).strip(), m.group(2) + pos[0] += 1 + if val == "": + # nested block or empty + if pos[0] < len(lines) and lines[pos[0]][0] > indent: + obj[key] = parse_block(indent + 1) + else: + obj[key] = None + else: + obj[key] = _scalar(val) + return obj + + def parse_list(indent: int): + arr = [] + while pos[0] < len(lines): + ind, stripped, _ = lines[pos[0]] + if ind < indent or not stripped.startswith("- "): + break + if ind > indent: + break + item = stripped[2:].strip() + pos[0] += 1 + if ":" in item and not (item[0] in "'\""): + # list of mappings — first pair is inline, rest are indented deeper + sub = {} + m = re.match(r"^([^:]+):\s*(.*)$", item) + key, val = m.group(1).strip(), m.group(2) + sub[key] = _scalar(val) if val != "" else None + child_indent = indent + 2 + while pos[0] < len(lines) and lines[pos[0]][0] >= child_indent \ + and not lines[pos[0]][1].startswith("- "): + ind2, strip2, _ = lines[pos[0]] + m2 = re.match(r"^([^:]+):\s*(.*)$", strip2) + if not m2: + pos[0] += 1 + continue + k2, v2 = m2.group(1).strip(), m2.group(2) + pos[0] += 1 + sub[k2] = _scalar(v2) if v2 != "" else None + arr.append(sub) + else: + arr.append(_scalar(item)) + return arr + + return parse_block(0) or {} + + +def load_file(path: str): + if os.environ.get("PQB_USE_PYYAML") == "1": 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+[package] +name = "pqb-rust-tls" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2021" +description = "pq-bench-rpi5 rustls + aws-lc-rs TLS 1.3 handshake harness — mirrors bench/tls/bench_tls.c, emitting the same schema-2.0.0 rows with implementation:\"rustls-awslc\"" +publish = false + +[dependencies] +rustls = { version = "=0.23.42", default-features = false, features = ["aws_lc_rs", "std", "prefer-post-quantum"] } +rustls-post-quantum = { version = "=0.2.4", features = ["aws-lc-rs-unstable"] } +rustls-pemfile = "2" +rustls-pki-types = "1" +# Direct dep for the aws-lc-rs PRICING rows (implementation:"aws-lc-rs"): +# the primitives the rustls handshakes actually execute. NOT an independent +# implementation (wraps the AWS-LC C library). "unstable" gates ML-DSA. +aws-lc-rs = { version = "=1.17.3", features = ["unstable"] } +libc = "0.2" + +[profile.release] +opt-level = 3 +codegen-units = 1 +lto = false diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/build.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/build.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d789a5d --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/build.rs @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +// Capture build-time provenance for --provenance (same pattern as bench/rust). +use std::env; +use std::process::Command; + +fn main() { + let set = |k: &str, v: &str| println!("cargo:rustc-env={k}={v}"); + + set("PQB_TARGET", &env::var("TARGET").unwrap_or_default()); + set("PQB_PROFILE", &env::var("PROFILE").unwrap_or_default()); + set("PQB_OPT_LEVEL", &env::var("OPT_LEVEL").unwrap_or_default()); + let rustflags = env::var("CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS") + .unwrap_or_default() + .replace('\u{1f}', " "); + set("PQB_RUSTFLAGS", &rustflags); + + let rustc = env::var("RUSTC").unwrap_or_else(|_| "rustc".into()); + let ver = Command::new(&rustc) + .arg("-V") + .output() + .ok() + .map(|o| String::from_utf8_lossy(&o.stdout).trim().to_string()) + .unwrap_or_default(); + set("PQB_RUSTC_VERSION", &ver); + + let lock = std::fs::read_to_string( + std::path::Path::new(&env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap()).join("Cargo.lock"), + ) + .unwrap_or_default(); + for want in ["rustls", "rustls-post-quantum", "aws-lc-rs", "aws-lc-sys"] { + let mut version = String::from("unknown"); + let mut in_pkg = false; + for line in lock.lines() { + let line = line.trim(); + if line == "[[package]]" { + in_pkg = false; + } else if line == format!("name = \"{want}\"") { + in_pkg = true; + } else if in_pkg && line.starts_with("version = ") { + version = line + .trim_start_matches("version = ") + .trim_matches('"') + .to_string(); + break; + } + } + set( + &format!("PQB_CRATE_{}", want.replace('-', "_").to_uppercase()), + &version, + ); + } + println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=Cargo.lock"); + println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS"); +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/bench.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/bench.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67ee098 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/bench.rs @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +//! Measurement engine — VERBATIM COPY of bench/rust/src/bench.rs (the +//! line-for-line replication of bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c timing, calibration +//! and statistics). Kept in sync by hand; any change there must be mirrored +//! here. See that file for the C line references. + +use std::process::exit; + +/// bench_pq.c now_ns() (:44-48): clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC). We call the +/// same clock via libc — std::time::Instant would use mach_absolute_time on +/// macOS, a different timebase than the C harness. +pub fn now_ns() -> u64 { + let mut ts = libc::timespec { + tv_sec: 0, + tv_nsec: 0, + }; + unsafe { + libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &mut ts); + } + ts.tv_sec as u64 * 1_000_000_000 + ts.tv_nsec as u64 +} + +/// bench_pq.c die() (:303-307): a broken build must NEVER silently emit +/// timing numbers. stderr + exit(3), no stdout. +pub fn die(alg: &str, what: &str) -> ! { + eprintln!("[pqb-rust] FATAL: {alg}: {what} — aborting so no numbers are emitted"); + exit(3); +} + +/// bench_pq.c bench_cfg (:163-170). +pub struct BenchCfg { + pub fixed_iters: u64, // >0 => fixed-count mode; 0 => auto-calibrate + pub target_ns: u64, + pub min_samples: u64, + pub max_iters: u64, + pub warmup: u64, + pub reps: u64, +} + +/// bench_pq.c measure_out (:172-182). +pub struct MeasureOut { + pub all: Vec, + pub per_rep_median: Vec, // capped at 64, like the C array + pub timed_iters: u64, + pub warmup_iters: u64, + pub reps: u64, + pub calibrated: bool, + pub est_ns: f64, +} + +/// bench_pq.c pct_sorted() (:100-109): percentile with linear interpolation +/// on an already-sorted slice. +fn pct_sorted(s: &[u64], p: f64) -> f64 { + let n = s.len(); + if n == 0 { + return 0.0; + } + if n == 1 { + return s[0] as f64; + } + let idx = p * (n - 1) as f64; + let lo = idx as usize; + let frac = idx - lo as f64; + if lo + 1 >= n { + return s[n - 1] as f64; + } + s[lo] as f64 + frac * (s[lo + 1] as f64 - s[lo] as f64) +} + +/// bench_pq.c stats_t + compute_stats() (:89-146). Consumes the sample vec +/// (sorts in place, like the C qsort). +pub struct Stats { + pub median: f64, + pub mad: f64, + pub iqr: f64, + pub q1: f64, + pub q3: f64, + pub min: f64, + pub max: f64, + pub mean: f64, + pub stddev: f64, + pub ops_per_sec: f64, + pub n: u64, +} + +pub fn compute_stats(samples: &mut Vec) -> Stats { + let n = samples.len(); + if n == 0 { + return Stats { + median: 0.0, + mad: 0.0, + iqr: 0.0, + q1: 0.0, + q3: 0.0, + min: 0.0, + max: 0.0, + mean: 0.0, + stddev: 0.0, + ops_per_sec: 0.0, + n: 0, + }; + } + samples.sort_unstable(); + let median = pct_sorted(samples, 0.5); + let q1 = pct_sorted(samples, 0.25); + let q3 = pct_sorted(samples, 0.75); + let sum: f64 = samples.iter().map(|&x| x as f64).sum(); + let mean = sum / n as f64; + let ss: f64 = samples + .iter() + .map(|&x| { + let d = x as f64 - mean; + d * d + }) + .sum(); + let stddev = if n > 1 { + (ss / (n - 1) as f64).sqrt() + } else { + 0.0 + }; + // MAD = median(|x - median|). The C code truncates each deviation to + // uint64_t before sorting (:134-142); replicate that cast exactly. + let mut dev: Vec = samples + .iter() + .map(|&x| { + let d = x as f64 - median; + (if d < 0.0 { -d } else { d }) as u64 + }) + .collect(); + dev.sort_unstable(); + let mad = pct_sorted(&dev, 0.5); + Stats { + median, + mad, + iqr: q3 - q1, + q1, + q3, + min: samples[0] as f64, + max: samples[n - 1] as f64, + mean, + stddev, + ops_per_sec: if median > 0.0 { 1e9 / median } else { 0.0 }, + n: n as u64, + } +} + +/// bench_pq.c calibrate_op() (:209-250): doubling calibration (which also +/// warms caches) -> per-op cost estimate -> timed count clamped to +/// [min_samples, max_iters], per-rep re-warm ~20% of the timed budget. +fn calibrate_op( + f: &mut dyn FnMut() -> Result<(), ()>, + cfg: &BenchCfg, +) -> Result<(u64, u64, f64, bool), ()> { + if cfg.fixed_iters > 0 { + return Ok((cfg.fixed_iters, cfg.warmup, 0.0, false)); + } + const CALIB_BUDGET_NS: u64 = 30_000_000; // 30 ms, same as C (:221) + let (mut cops, mut cel, mut batch) = (0u64, 0u64, 1u64); + while cel < CALIB_BUDGET_NS && cops < cfg.max_iters { + let t0 = now_ns(); + for _ in 0..batch { + f()?; + } + cel += now_ns() - t0; + cops += batch; + batch *= 2; + } + let mut est_ns = if cops > 0 { + cel as f64 / cops as f64 + } else { + 1.0 + }; + if est_ns < 1.0 { + est_ns = 1.0; + } + let want = cfg.target_ns as f64 / est_ns; + let mut n = (want + 0.5) as u64; + n = n.clamp(cfg.min_samples, cfg.max_iters); + let w = (cfg.target_ns as f64 * 0.2) / est_ns; + let mut warm = (w + 0.5) as u64; + if warm < 1 { + warm = 1; + } + if warm > cfg.max_iters { + warm = cfg.max_iters; + } + Ok((n, warm, est_ns, true)) +} + +/// bench_pq.c measure_op() (:253-294): per-rep re-warm, then each op timed +/// individually; per-rep medians recorded (up to 64), all samples pooled. +pub fn measure_op(f: &mut dyn FnMut() -> Result<(), ()>, cfg: &BenchCfg) -> Result { + let (iters, warmup, est_ns, calibrated) = calibrate_op(f, cfg)?; + let mut out = MeasureOut { + all: Vec::with_capacity((iters * cfg.reps) as usize), + per_rep_median: Vec::new(), + timed_iters: iters, + warmup_iters: warmup, + reps: cfg.reps, + calibrated, + est_ns, + }; + let mut rep_buf: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(iters as usize); + for _ in 0..cfg.reps { + for _ in 0..warmup { + f()?; + } + rep_buf.clear(); + for _ in 0..iters { + let t0 = now_ns(); + let rc = f(); + let dt = now_ns() - t0; + rc?; + rep_buf.push(dt); + out.all.push(dt); + } + let mut copy = rep_buf.clone(); + copy.sort_unstable(); + if out.per_rep_median.len() < 64 { + out.per_rep_median.push(pct_sorted(©, 0.5)); + } + } + Ok(out) +} + +/// measure_op wrapper mirroring must_measure() (:311-315). +pub fn must_measure( + alg: &str, + op: &str, + f: &mut dyn FnMut() -> Result<(), ()>, + cfg: &BenchCfg, +) -> MeasureOut { + match measure_op(f, cfg) { + Ok(m) => m, + Err(()) => die(alg, op), + } +} + +/// bench_pq.c print_stats_json() (:184-203) — identical field set and +/// formatting (%.2f) so rows are diffable against liboqs rows. +pub fn stats_json(name: &str, st: &Stats, m: &MeasureOut) -> String { + let mut s = format!("\"{name}\":{{"); + s += &format!( + "\"unit\":\"ns\",\"warmup_iters\":{},\"timed_iters\":{},\"repetitions\":{},", + m.warmup_iters, m.timed_iters, m.reps + ); + s += &format!("\"calibrated\":{},", m.calibrated); + if m.calibrated { + s += &format!("\"calib_est_ns\":{:.2},", m.est_ns); + } + s += &format!("\"samples\":{},", st.n); + s += &format!( + "\"median\":{:.2},\"mad\":{:.2},\"iqr\":{:.2},\"q1\":{:.2},\"q3\":{:.2},", + st.median, st.mad, st.iqr, st.q1, st.q3 + ); + s += &format!( + "\"min\":{:.2},\"max\":{:.2},\"mean\":{:.2},\"stddev\":{:.2},", + st.min, st.max, st.mean, st.stddev + ); + s += &format!("\"ops_per_sec\":{:.2},", st.ops_per_sec); + s += "\"per_rep_median\":["; + for (i, v) in m.per_rep_median.iter().enumerate() { + if i > 0 { + s += ","; + } + s += &format!("{v:.2}"); + } + s += "]}"; + s +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/main.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f16d743 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,481 @@ +//! pqb-rust-tls — rustls + aws-lc-rs TLS 1.3 handshake harness. +//! +//! Deliberately mirrors bench/tls/bench_tls.c: full TLS 1.3 handshakes +//! entirely in-process over in-memory buffers (no sockets), the same clock +//! (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)), the same fixed connections+warmup loop, +//! the same statistics (median/p95/min/max/mean/sample-stddev, hs/sec), the +//! same bytes-on-wire and first-flight ClientHello accounting, and the same +//! row shape — with implementation:"rustls-awslc". +//! +//! Caveat recorded here and in the README: rustls-vs-OpenSSL is two protocol +//! implementations AND two crypto backends (aws-lc-rs vs OpenSSL native); +//! this comparison cannot separate those variables, and it is NOT a +//! language comparison. +//! +//! Phase-2 rows ride UNSTABLE cargo features (rustls-post-quantum's +//! aws-lc-rs-unstable -> aws-lc-rs "unstable" ML-DSA); such rows carry +//! "unstable_features": true. + +mod bench; +mod primitives; + +use std::fmt::Write as _; +use std::process::exit; +use std::sync::Arc; + +use rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider; +use rustls::pki_types::{CertificateDer, PrivateKeyDer, ServerName}; +use rustls::{ClientConfig, ClientConnection, RootCertStore, ServerConfig, ServerConnection}; + +const TYPICAL_MSS: usize = 1400; // same fragmentation note threshold as C + +/// bench_tls.c now_ns(): clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) via libc (same clock). +fn now_ns() -> u64 { + let mut ts = libc::timespec { + tv_sec: 0, + tv_nsec: 0, + }; + unsafe { + libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &mut ts); + } + ts.tv_sec as u64 * 1_000_000_000 + ts.tv_nsec as u64 +} + +/// bench_tls.c pct(): percentile with linear interpolation on sorted samples. +fn pct(s: &[u64], p: f64) -> f64 { + let n = s.len(); + if n == 0 { + return 0.0; + } + if n == 1 { + return s[0] as f64; + } + let idx = p * (n - 1) as f64; + let lo = idx as usize; + let f = idx - lo as f64; + if lo + 1 >= n { + return s[n - 1] as f64; + } + s[lo] as f64 + f * (s[lo + 1] as f64 - s[lo] as f64) +} + +struct Cell<'a> { + label: &'a str, + group: &'a str, + sig_alg: &'a str, + phase: &'a str, + unstable: bool, +} + +fn disabled_row(c: &Cell, reason: &str) { + println!( + "{{\"label\":\"{}\",\"group\":\"{}\",\"sig_alg\":\"{}\",\"phase\":\"{}\",\ + \"implementation\":\"rustls-awslc\",\"unstable_features\":{},\"enabled\":false,\ + \"have_oqs_provider\":false,\"reason\":\"{}\"}}", + c.label, c.group, c.sig_alg, c.phase, c.unstable, reason + ); +} + +/// Map a group name (native-OpenSSL spelling, case-insensitive) to the rustls +/// aws-lc-rs kx group. None => not supported by this stack (a finding, emitted +/// as an enabled:false row, never papered over). +fn kx_for(name: &str) -> Option<&'static dyn rustls::crypto::SupportedKxGroup> { + use rustls::crypto::aws_lc_rs::kx_group as kx; + match name.to_lowercase().replace(['-', '_'], "").as_str() { + "x25519" => Some(kx::X25519), + "secp256r1" => Some(kx::SECP256R1), + "x25519mlkem768" => Some(kx::X25519MLKEM768), + "secp256r1mlkem768" => Some(kx::SECP256R1MLKEM768), + "mlkem768" => Some(kx::MLKEM768), + "mlkem1024" => Some(kx::MLKEM1024), + _ => None, + } +} + +fn load_pem_certs(path: &str) -> Result>, String> { + let data = std::fs::read(path).map_err(|e| format!("read {path}: {e}"))?; + rustls_pemfile::certs(&mut &data[..]) + .collect::, _>>() + .map_err(|e| format!("parse certs {path}: {e}")) +} + +fn load_pem_key(path: &str) -> Result, String> { + let data = std::fs::read(path).map_err(|e| format!("read {path}: {e}"))?; + rustls_pemfile::private_key(&mut &data[..]) + .map_err(|e| format!("parse key {path}: {e}"))? + .ok_or_else(|| format!("no private key in {path}")) +} + +/// One full handshake, mirroring bench_tls.c one_handshake(): connection +/// construction inside the timed region, bytes shuttled through in-memory +/// buffers, first client flight recorded as the ClientHello size. +fn one_handshake( + cc: &Arc, + sc: &Arc, + c2s: &mut usize, + s2c: &mut usize, + chello: &mut usize, +) -> Result<(), ()> { + let name = ServerName::try_from("localhost").map_err(|_| ())?; + let mut cli = ClientConnection::new(cc.clone(), name).map_err(|_| ())?; + let mut srv = ServerConnection::new(sc.clone()).map_err(|_| ())?; + *c2s = 0; + *s2c = 0; + *chello = 0; + let mut first_flight = true; + for i in 0..64 { + let mut buf: Vec = Vec::new(); + while cli.wants_write() { + cli.write_tls(&mut buf).map_err(|_| ())?; + } + if first_flight && !buf.is_empty() { + *chello = buf.len(); + first_flight = false; + } + *c2s += buf.len(); + let mut rd = &buf[..]; + while !rd.is_empty() { + if srv.read_tls(&mut rd).map_err(|_| ())? == 0 { + break; + } + } + srv.process_new_packets().map_err(|_| ())?; + + let mut sbuf: Vec = Vec::new(); + while srv.wants_write() { + srv.write_tls(&mut sbuf).map_err(|_| ())?; + } + *s2c += sbuf.len(); + let mut rd2 = &sbuf[..]; + while !rd2.is_empty() { + if cli.read_tls(&mut rd2).map_err(|_| ())? == 0 { + break; + } + } + cli.process_new_packets().map_err(|_| ())?; + + if !cli.is_handshaking() && !srv.is_handshaking() { + return Ok(()); + } + if buf.is_empty() && sbuf.is_empty() && i > 4 { + return Err(()); // both stalled with nothing to transfer + } + } + Err(()) +} + +fn provenance() { + println!( + "{{\"available\":true,\"rustc_version\":\"{}\",\"target\":\"{}\",\ + \"profile\":\"{}\",\"opt_level\":\"{}\",\"codegen_units\":1,\"lto\":false,\ + \"rustflags\":\"{}\",\ + \"crate_versions\":{{\"rustls\":\"{}\",\"rustls-post-quantum\":\"{}\",\"aws-lc-rs\":\"{}\",\"aws-lc-sys\":\"{}\"}},\ + \"unstable_features\":[\"rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable (ML-DSA signing + webpki verification)\"],\ + \"note\":\"rustls-vs-OpenSSL compares two protocol implementations AND two \ +crypto backends (aws-lc-rs vs OpenSSL native) at once; the variables are \ +not separable from these rows and this is not a language comparison. \ +aws-lc-rs wraps the AWS-LC C library - this TLS group makes no \ +pure-Rust/independence claim (unlike bench/rust).\"}}", + env!("PQB_RUSTC_VERSION"), + env!("PQB_TARGET"), + env!("PQB_PROFILE"), + env!("PQB_OPT_LEVEL"), + env!("PQB_RUSTFLAGS"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_RUSTLS"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_RUSTLS_POST_QUANTUM"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_AWS_LC_RS"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_AWS_LC_SYS"), + ); +} + +fn main() { + let args: Vec = std::env::args().collect(); + let (mut group, mut ca, mut cert, mut key, mut label) = ( + String::from("X25519"), + String::new(), + String::new(), + String::new(), + String::new(), + ); + let (mut phase, mut sig_alg) = (String::new(), String::new()); + let (mut connections, mut warmup) = (1000u64, 20u64); + // primitive mode (aws-lc-rs pricing rows): --kind/--alg + bench_pq sizing + let (mut kind, mut alg) = (String::new(), String::new()); + let (mut p_warmup, mut p_iters, mut p_reps) = (1000u64, 0u64, 5u64); + let (mut target_time_ms, mut min_samples, mut max_iters) = (250u64, 30u64, 20000u64); + let mut i = 1; + while i < args.len() { + let need = |i: usize| -> &str { + if i + 1 < args.len() { + &args[i + 1] + } else { + eprintln!("missing value for {}", args[i]); + exit(2); + } + }; + match args[i].as_str() { + "--provenance" => { + provenance(); + return; + } + "--list-primitives" => { + for (k, a) in primitives::PRIMS { + println!("{k}\t{a}"); + } + return; + } + "--kind" => { + kind = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--alg" => { + alg = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--iters" => { + p_iters = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(0); + i += 1; + } + "--reps" => { + p_reps = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(5); + i += 1; + } + "--target-time-ms" => { + target_time_ms = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(250); + i += 1; + } + "--min-samples" => { + min_samples = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(30); + i += 1; + } + "--max-iters" => { + max_iters = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(20000); + i += 1; + } + "--group" => { + group = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--ca" => { + ca = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--cert" => { + cert = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--key" => { + key = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--connections" => { + connections = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(1000); + i += 1; + } + "--warmup" => { + let v: u64 = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(20); + warmup = v; + p_warmup = v; + i += 1; + } + "--label" => { + label = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--phase" => { + phase = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--sig-alg" => { + sig_alg = need(i).into(); + i += 1; + } + "--implementation" => { + i += 1; // accepted for CLI parity; always rustls-awslc + } + other => { + eprintln!("bad arg {other}"); + exit(2); + } + } + i += 1; + } + // primitive mode: aws-lc-rs pricing rows, same engine as bench_pq + if !kind.is_empty() || !alg.is_empty() { + if kind.is_empty() || alg.is_empty() { + eprintln!("--kind and --alg must be given together"); + exit(2); + } + let cfg = bench::BenchCfg { + fixed_iters: p_iters, + target_ns: target_time_ms * 1_000_000, + min_samples: min_samples.max(1), + max_iters: max_iters.max(min_samples.max(1)), + warmup: p_warmup, + reps: p_reps.max(1), + }; + exit(primitives::run(&kind, &alg, &cfg)); + } + if cert.is_empty() || key.is_empty() { + eprintln!("--cert and --key required"); + exit(2); + } + // phase-2 (ML-DSA) rows ride the unstable aws-lc-rs path + let sl = sig_alg.to_lowercase(); + let unstable = sl.contains("dsa") && !sl.contains("ed25519"); + let cell = Cell { + label: &label, + group: &group, + sig_alg: &sig_alg, + phase: &phase, + unstable, + }; + + let Some(kx) = kx_for(&group) else { + disabled_row(&cell, "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs"); + return; + }; + + // provider: rustls-post-quantum's aws-lc-rs provider (adds ML-DSA + // signing/verification behind the unstable feature), restricted to + // exactly the one kx group under test. + let base = rustls_post_quantum::provider(); + let provider = Arc::new(CryptoProvider { + kx_groups: vec![kx], + ..base + }); + + let (chain, key_der, ca_ders) = + match (load_pem_certs(&cert), load_pem_key(&key), load_pem_certs(&ca)) { + (Ok(c), Ok(k), Ok(a)) if !c.is_empty() && !a.is_empty() => (c, k, a), + (c, k, a) => { + let mut why = String::new(); + for e in [c.err(), a.err()].into_iter().flatten() { + why += &e; + } + if let Err(e) = k { + why += &e; + } + disabled_row(&cell, &format!("cert-load-failed {}", why.replace('"', "'"))); + return; + } + }; + + let mut roots = RootCertStore::empty(); + for der in ca_ders { + if roots.add(der).is_err() { + disabled_row(&cell, "ca-load-failed"); + return; + } + } + + // NB: rustls clients RESUME by default (in-memory ticket store on the + // ClientConfig) — with a shared config the warmup handshakes would seed + // tickets and every timed handshake would be a PSK resumption with no + // certificate at all (caught via bytes_on_wire: phase2 rows measured + // byte-identical to phase0). bench_tls.c's OpenSSL clients never resume + // (no SSL_set_session), so resumption must be OFF for parity: every + // timed handshake is a full handshake that transfers and verifies the + // certificate chain. + let cconf = ClientConfig::builder_with_provider(provider.clone()) + .with_protocol_versions(&[&rustls::version::TLS13]) + .map(|b| { + let mut c = b.with_root_certificates(roots).with_no_client_auth(); + c.resumption = rustls::client::Resumption::disabled(); + c + }); + let sconf = ServerConfig::builder_with_provider(provider) + .with_protocol_versions(&[&rustls::version::TLS13]) + .map_err(|e| e.to_string()) + .and_then(|b| { + b.with_no_client_auth() + .with_single_cert(chain, key_der) + .map_err(|e| e.to_string()) + }); + let (cconf, sconf) = match (cconf, sconf) { + (Ok(c), Ok(s)) => (Arc::new(c), Arc::new(s)), + (c, s) => { + let mut why = String::new(); + if let Err(e) = c { + why += &e.to_string(); + } + if let Err(e) = s { + why += &e; + } + disabled_row(&cell, &format!("config-setup-failed {}", why.replace('"', "'"))); + return; + } + }; + + // warmup (mirrors bench_tls.c: any warmup failure -> disabled row) + let (mut c2s, mut s2c, mut ch) = (0usize, 0usize, 0usize); + for _ in 0..warmup { + if one_handshake(&cconf, &sconf, &mut c2s, &mut s2c, &mut ch).is_err() { + disabled_row(&cell, "handshake failed"); + return; + } + } + + let mut lat: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(connections as usize); + let (mut ch_last, mut c2s_last, mut s2c_last) = (0usize, 0usize, 0usize); + for _ in 0..connections { + let t0 = now_ns(); + let rc = one_handshake(&cconf, &sconf, &mut c2s, &mut s2c, &mut ch); + let dt = now_ns() - t0; + if rc.is_ok() { + lat.push(dt); + ch_last = ch; + c2s_last = c2s; + s2c_last = s2c; + } + } + if lat.is_empty() { + eprintln!("all handshakes failed"); + exit(1); + } + lat.sort_unstable(); + let ok = lat.len(); + let median = pct(&lat, 0.5); + let p95 = pct(&lat, 0.95); + let (mn, mx) = (lat[0] as f64, lat[ok - 1] as f64); + let mean = lat.iter().map(|&x| x as f64).sum::() / ok as f64; + let ss: f64 = lat.iter().map(|&x| (x as f64 - mean).powi(2)).sum(); + let stddev = if ok > 1 { + (ss / (ok - 1) as f64).sqrt() + } else { + 0.0 + }; + let hs_per_sec = if median > 0.0 { 1e9 / median } else { 0.0 }; + + let mut row = String::new(); + write!( + row, + "{{\"label\":\"{}\",\"group\":\"{}\",\"sig_alg\":\"{}\",\"phase\":\"{}\",\ + \"implementation\":\"rustls-awslc\",\"unstable_features\":{},\"enabled\":true,\ + \"have_oqs_provider\":false,", + cell.label, cell.group, cell.sig_alg, cell.phase, cell.unstable + ) + .unwrap(); + write!(row, "\"connections\":{connections},\"succeeded\":{ok},").unwrap(); + write!( + row, + "\"handshake_latency_ns\":{{\"median\":{median:.1},\"p95\":{p95:.1},\"min\":{mn:.1},\ + \"max\":{mx:.1},\"mean\":{mean:.1},\"stddev\":{stddev:.1}}}," + ) + .unwrap(); + write!(row, "\"handshakes_per_sec\":{hs_per_sec:.1},").unwrap(); + write!( + row, + "\"bytes_on_wire\":{{\"client_to_server\":{c2s_last},\"server_to_client\":{s2c_last},\ + \"total\":{}}},", + c2s_last + s2c_last + ) + .unwrap(); + write!( + row, + "\"client_hello_bytes\":{ch_last},\"client_hello_fragmented\":{},\"mss_assumed\":{TYPICAL_MSS}}}", + ch_last > TYPICAL_MSS + ) + .unwrap(); + println!("{row}"); +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/primitives.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/primitives.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f23f11 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/src/primitives.rs @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +//! aws-lc-rs primitive rows (implementation:"aws-lc-rs") — measured to PRICE +//! the rustls-awslc handshake primitive sums, NOT as an independent +//! implementation: aws-lc-rs wraps the AWS-LC C library, which is exactly why +//! Stage 3 excluded it from the pure-Rust group. Same bench_pq methodology +//! (bench.rs), same row shape, same algorithm identifiers. +//! +//! Semantics: verify is FROM-BYTES by construction (aws-lc-rs +//! UnparsedPublicKey parses the key per call), matching OQS_SIG_verify and +//! the per-handshake TLS pattern. ML-DSA signing is hedged (FIPS 204 default +//! inside AWS-LC). X25519/P-256 derive parses the peer key per call, matching +//! bench_pq.c's per-call EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer. + +use crate::bench::{compute_stats, die, must_measure, stats_json, BenchCfg, MeasureOut}; +use aws_lc_rs::unstable::signature as pq; +use aws_lc_rs::{agreement, kem, signature}; +use std::hint::black_box; + +const MSG: [u8; 32] = [0xA5; 32]; + +pub const PRIMS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[ + ("kem", "X25519"), + ("kem", "secp256r1"), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-768"), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-1024"), + ("sig", "Ed25519"), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-44"), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-65"), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-87"), +]; + +fn sink(v: T) { + black_box(v); +} + +fn check_size(alg: &str, what: &str, got: usize, want: usize) { + if got != want { + die( + alg, + &format!("size mismatch: {what} is {got} bytes, expected {want} (FIPS/liboqs)"), + ); + } +} + +fn print_row(alg: &str, kind: &str, level: u32, classical: bool, sizes: &str, ops: &[String]) { + let mut row = format!( + "{{\"alg\":\"{alg}\",\"kind\":\"{kind}\",\"implementation\":\"aws-lc-rs\"," + ); + if classical { + row += "\"classical\":true,"; + } + row += &format!("\"enabled\":true,\"claimed_nist_level\":{level},"); + row += &format!("\"sizes\":{{{sizes}}},"); + row += "\"operations\":{"; + for (i, block) in ops.iter().enumerate() { + if i > 0 { + row += ","; + } + row += block; + } + row += "}}"; + println!("{row}"); +} + +fn render(ops: Vec<(&str, MeasureOut)>) -> Vec { + ops.into_iter() + .map(|(name, mut m)| { + let st = compute_stats(&mut m.all); + stats_json(name, &st, &m) + }) + .collect() +} + +fn run_mlkem(alg_name: &str, alg: &'static kem::Algorithm, level: u32, pk: usize, ct: usize, cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + // correctness gate (mirrors bench_pq.c) + let dk = kem::DecapsulationKey::generate(alg).unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "keygen failed")); + let ek = dk.encapsulation_key().unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "encapsulation key failed")); + let (ct0, ss_e) = ek.encapsulate().unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "encaps failed")); + let ss_d = dk + .decapsulate(ct0.as_ref().into()) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "decaps failed")); + if ss_e.as_ref() != ss_d.as_ref() { + die(alg_name, "KEM shared-secret mismatch (ss_encaps != ss_decaps)"); + } + check_size(alg_name, "public_key", + ek.key_bytes().map(|b| b.as_ref().len()).unwrap_or(0), pk); + check_size(alg_name, "ciphertext", ct0.as_ref().len(), ct); + check_size(alg_name, "shared_secret", ss_e.as_ref().len(), 32); + let ct_bytes = ct0.as_ref().to_vec(); + + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(kem::DecapsulationKey::generate(alg).map_err(|_| ())?); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut encaps = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(ek.encapsulate().map_err(|_| ())?); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut decaps = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(dk.decapsulate(ct_bytes.as_slice().into()).map_err(|_| ())?); + Ok(()) + }; + let kg = must_measure(alg_name, "keygen", &mut keygen, cfg); + let en = must_measure(alg_name, "encaps", &mut encaps, cfg); + let de = must_measure(alg_name, "decaps", &mut decaps, cfg); + // aws-lc-rs does not expose the expanded FIPS secret key; secret_key is + // omitted (never guessed) so the cross-implementation size check compares + // only fields both sides actually report. + let sizes = format!("\"public_key\":{pk},\"ciphertext\":{ct},\"shared_secret\":32"); + print_row(alg_name, "kem", level, false, &sizes, + &render(vec![("keygen", kg), ("encaps", en), ("decaps", de)])); + 0 +} + +fn run_mldsa(alg_name: &str, signing: &'static pq::PqdsaSigningAlgorithm, + verif: &'static pq::PqdsaVerificationAlgorithm, level: u32, + pk: usize, sig_len: usize, cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + use aws_lc_rs::signature::KeyPair as _; + let kp = pq::PqdsaKeyPair::generate(signing).unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "keygen failed")); + let pk_bytes = kp.public_key().as_ref().to_vec(); + let mut sig_buf = vec![0u8; sig_len + 64]; + let n = kp.sign(&MSG, &mut sig_buf).unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "sign failed")); + sig_buf.truncate(n); + if signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(verif, &pk_bytes) + .verify(&MSG, &sig_buf) + .is_err() + { + die(alg_name, "verify failed on a valid signature (broken build)"); + } + check_size(alg_name, "public_key", pk_bytes.len(), pk); + check_size(alg_name, "signature", sig_buf.len(), sig_len); + + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(pq::PqdsaKeyPair::generate(signing).map_err(|_| ())?); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut buf = vec![0u8; sig_len + 64]; + let mut sign = || -> Result<(), ()> { + // hedged per FIPS 204 (AWS-LC's default signing mode) + let n = kp.sign(&MSG, &mut buf).map_err(|_| ())?; + sink(buf[..n].first().copied()); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut verify = || -> Result<(), ()> { + // from-bytes per call: UnparsedPublicKey parses + verifies + signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(verif, &pk_bytes) + .verify(&MSG, &sig_buf) + .map_err(|_| ())?; + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + }; + let kg = must_measure(alg_name, "keygen", &mut keygen, cfg); + let sg = must_measure(alg_name, "sign", &mut sign, cfg); + let vf = must_measure(alg_name, "verify", &mut verify, cfg); + let sizes = format!("\"public_key\":{pk},\"signature\":{sig_len}"); + print_row(alg_name, "sig", level, false, &sizes, + &render(vec![("keygen", kg), ("sign", sg), ("verify", vf)])); + 0 +} + +fn run_ecdh(alg_name: &str, alg: &'static agreement::Algorithm, pk_len: usize, cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + let sk = agreement::PrivateKey::generate(alg).unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "keygen failed")); + let peer = agreement::PrivateKey::generate(alg).unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "peer keygen failed")); + let my_pub = sk.compute_public_key().unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "pubkey failed")); + let peer_pub = peer + .compute_public_key() + .unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "peer pubkey failed")); + check_size(alg_name, "public_key", my_pub.as_ref().len(), pk_len); + // ECDH must agree (mirrors bench_pq.c:498-504) + let s1 = agreement::agree(&sk, agreement::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, peer_pub.as_ref()), + (), |s| Ok::, ()>(s.to_vec())) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "derive(self,peer) failed")); + let s2 = agreement::agree(&peer, agreement::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, my_pub.as_ref()), + (), |s| Ok::, ()>(s.to_vec())) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "derive(peer,self) failed")); + if s1 != s2 { + die(alg_name, "ECDH shared-secret mismatch"); + } + let peer_bytes = peer_pub.as_ref().to_vec(); + + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + let k = agreement::PrivateKey::generate(alg).map_err(|_| ())?; + sink(k.compute_public_key().map_err(|_| ())?); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut derive = || -> Result<(), ()> { + // peer key parsed per call, matching bench_pq.c's per-call set_peer + agreement::agree(&sk, agreement::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, &peer_bytes), + (), |s| { + sink(s[0]); + Ok::<(), ()>(()) + }) + }; + let kg = must_measure(alg_name, "keygen", &mut keygen, cfg); + let dv = must_measure(alg_name, "derive", &mut derive, cfg); + let ss_len = s1.len(); + let sizes = format!( + "\"public_key\":{pk_len},\"ciphertext\":null,\"shared_secret\":{ss_len}" + ); + print_row(alg_name, "kem", 1, true, &sizes, &render(vec![("keygen", kg), ("derive", dv)])); + 0 +} + +fn run_ed25519(cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + use aws_lc_rs::signature::KeyPair as _; + let alg_name = "Ed25519"; + let kp = signature::Ed25519KeyPair::generate().unwrap_or_else(|_| die(alg_name, "keygen failed")); + let pk_bytes = kp.public_key().as_ref().to_vec(); + let sig = kp.sign(&MSG); + if signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(&signature::ED25519, &pk_bytes) + .verify(&MSG, sig.as_ref()) + .is_err() + { + die(alg_name, "verify failed on a valid signature (broken build)"); + } + check_size(alg_name, "public_key", pk_bytes.len(), 32); + check_size(alg_name, "signature", sig.as_ref().len(), 64); + let sig_bytes = sig.as_ref().to_vec(); + + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(signature::Ed25519KeyPair::generate().map_err(|_| ())?); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut sign = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(kp.sign(&MSG)); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut verify = || -> Result<(), ()> { + signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(&signature::ED25519, &pk_bytes) + .verify(&MSG, &sig_bytes) + .map_err(|_| ())?; + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + }; + let kg = must_measure(alg_name, "keygen", &mut keygen, cfg); + let sg = must_measure(alg_name, "sign", &mut sign, cfg); + let vf = must_measure(alg_name, "verify", &mut verify, cfg); + print_row(alg_name, "sig", 1, true, + "\"public_key\":32,\"secret_key\":32,\"signature\":64", + &render(vec![("keygen", kg), ("sign", sg), ("verify", vf)])); + 0 +} + +pub fn run(kind: &str, alg: &str, cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + match (kind, alg) { + ("kem", "X25519") => run_ecdh("X25519", &agreement::X25519, 32, cfg), + ("kem", "secp256r1") => run_ecdh("secp256r1", &agreement::ECDH_P256, 65, cfg), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-768") => run_mlkem("ML-KEM-768", &kem::ML_KEM_768, 3, 1184, 1088, cfg), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-1024") => run_mlkem("ML-KEM-1024", &kem::ML_KEM_1024, 5, 1568, 1568, cfg), + ("sig", "Ed25519") => run_ed25519(cfg), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-44") => { + run_mldsa("ML-DSA-44", &pq::ML_DSA_44_SIGNING, &pq::ML_DSA_44, 2, 1312, 2420, cfg) + } + ("sig", "ML-DSA-65") => { + run_mldsa("ML-DSA-65", &pq::ML_DSA_65_SIGNING, &pq::ML_DSA_65, 3, 1952, 3309, cfg) + } + ("sig", "ML-DSA-87") => { + run_mldsa("ML-DSA-87", &pq::ML_DSA_87_SIGNING, &pq::ML_DSA_87, 5, 2592, 4627, cfg) + } + _ => { + println!( + "{{\"alg\":\"{alg}\",\"kind\":\"{kind}\",\"implementation\":\"aws-lc-rs\",\ + \"enabled\":false,\"reason\":\"not measured in the aws-lc-rs pricing set\"}}" + ); + 0 + } + } +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.lock b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.lock new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed1b9be --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.lock @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo. +# It is not intended for manual editing. +version = 4 + +[[package]] +name = "autocfg" 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a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e64c40d --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +[package] +name = "pqb-rust" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2021" +description = "pq-bench-rpi5 pure-Rust (RustCrypto) KEM/signature harness — same methodology as bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c, emitting the same schema-2.0.0 JSONL rows with implementation:\"rustcrypto\"" +publish = false + +[dependencies] +# The three measured crates — EXACT pins (documented in setup/versions.env). +# Pure Rust; pre-1.0 and unaudited (fine for benchmarking, stated in README). +ml-kem = "=0.3.2" +ml-dsa = "=0.1.1" +slh-dsa = "=0.2.0-rc.5" +# System RNG (getrandom-backed), analogous to liboqs' system OQS_randombytes. +# These match the rand_core/getrandom generation the three crates use. +rand_core = "0.10" +getrandom = { version = "0.4", features = ["sys_rng"] } +# Only for clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) — the exact clock bench_pq.c uses. +# (std::time::Instant uses a different timebase on macOS.) +libc = "0.2" +x25519-dalek = { version = "=3.0.0", features = ["static_secrets"] } +ed25519-dalek = { version = "=3.0.0", features = ["rand_core"] } + +[profile.release] +# Parity with the C harness build (-O3, one translation unit). LTO stays off: +# the C side does not LTO either. All of this is recorded in the provenance. +opt-level = 3 +codegen-units = 1 +lto = false diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/build.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/build.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a22c419 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/build.rs @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +// Capture build-time provenance so the binary can emit it with --provenance: +// the Rust-side equivalent of the LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES we record for C. +use std::env; +use std::process::Command; + +fn main() { + let set = |k: &str, v: &str| println!("cargo:rustc-env={k}={v}"); + + set("PQB_TARGET", &env::var("TARGET").unwrap_or_default()); + set("PQB_PROFILE", &env::var("PROFILE").unwrap_or_default()); + set("PQB_OPT_LEVEL", &env::var("OPT_LEVEL").unwrap_or_default()); + set( + "PQB_TARGET_FEATURES", + &env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_FEATURE").unwrap_or_default(), + ); + // RUSTFLAGS as cargo actually applied them (0x1f-separated encoding). + let rustflags = env::var("CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS") + .unwrap_or_default() + .replace('\u{1f}', " "); + set("PQB_RUSTFLAGS", &rustflags); + + // rustc version string (the same compiler cargo is driving). + let rustc = env::var("RUSTC").unwrap_or_else(|_| "rustc".into()); + let ver = Command::new(&rustc) + .arg("-V") + .output() + .ok() + .map(|o| String::from_utf8_lossy(&o.stdout).trim().to_string()) + .unwrap_or_default(); + set("PQB_RUSTC_VERSION", &ver); + + // Resolved versions of the measured crates, from the committed Cargo.lock. + let lock = std::fs::read_to_string( + std::path::Path::new(&env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap()).join("Cargo.lock"), + ) + .unwrap_or_default(); + for want in ["ml-kem", "ml-dsa", "slh-dsa", "x25519-dalek", "ed25519-dalek"] { + let mut version = String::from("unknown"); + let mut in_pkg = false; + for line in lock.lines() { + let line = line.trim(); + if line == "[[package]]" { + in_pkg = false; + } else if line == format!("name = \"{want}\"") { + in_pkg = true; + } else if in_pkg && line.starts_with("version = ") { + version = line + .trim_start_matches("version = ") + .trim_matches('"') + .to_string(); + break; + } + } + set( + &format!("PQB_CRATE_{}", want.replace('-', "_").to_uppercase()), + &version, + ); + } + println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=Cargo.lock"); + println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS"); +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/algs.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/algs.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf8b70b --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/algs.rs @@ -0,0 +1,484 @@ +//! Algorithm drivers. Structure mirrors bench_pq.c run_kem()/run_sig(): +//! correctness gate ONCE outside timing, then keygen / encaps|sign / +//! decaps|verify measured on canonical, pre-validated inputs. Output rows are +//! schema-2.0.0 JSONL with implementation:"rustcrypto" and the SAME algorithm +//! identifiers liboqs uses, so rows join across implementations by (kind, alg). +//! +//! Signing mode: HEDGED (randomized) for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA, matching +//! liboqs 0.15.0 — verified in its vendored source: DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING +//! is defined (src/sig/ml_dsa/*/config.h) and the SLH-DSA pure wrappers draw a +//! fresh addrnd via OQS_randombytes per signature (src/sig/slh_dsa/wrappers/). +//! +//! Secret-key sizes: the ml-kem/ml-dsa crates prefer SEED serialization (64/32 +//! bytes) where liboqs reports the expanded FIPS encoding. `sizes.secret_key` +//! reports the EXPANDED form so the cross-implementation size check stays +//! apples-to-apples; the row carries `sk_seed_bytes` for the crate-native form. + +// ExpandedKeyEncoding is deprecated upstream (seed serialization preferred); +// we use it deliberately, once, in the size gate to verify the expanded FIPS +// encoding length against liboqs. +#![allow(deprecated)] + +use crate::bench::{die, must_measure, stats_json, BenchCfg}; +use std::hint::black_box; + +use ml_dsa::signature::{Keypair, RandomizedSigner, Verifier}; +use ml_dsa::{ExpandedSigningKeyBytes, MlDsa44, MlDsa65, MlDsa87}; +use ml_kem::{ + Decapsulate, Encapsulate, ExpandedKeyEncoding, Generate, Kem, KeyExport, MlKem1024, MlKem512, + MlKem768, +}; +use slh_dsa::{Sha2_128f, Sha2_128s, Sha2_192f, Sha2_256f, SigningKey as SlhSigningKey}; +use ed25519_dalek::Signer as _; + +/// The pure-Rust classical baselines (dalek crates), mirroring the C side's +/// OpenSSL X25519/Ed25519 rows: every implementation gets an in-family anchor +/// so cross-implementation comparisons can be expressed as ratios ("ML-KEM +/// keygen costs Nx X25519 here") that normalise whole-implementation effects. +fn run_x25519(cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + let alg = "X25519"; + let mut rng = os_rng(); + + // ---- correctness gate: ECDH must agree (bench_pq.c:498-504) ---- + let a = x25519_dalek::StaticSecret::random_from_rng(&mut rng); + let b = x25519_dalek::StaticSecret::random_from_rng(&mut rng); + let pa = x25519_dalek::PublicKey::from(&a); + let pb = x25519_dalek::PublicKey::from(&b); + if a.diffie_hellman(&pb).as_bytes() != b.diffie_hellman(&pa).as_bytes() { + die(alg, "ECDH shared-secret mismatch"); + } + + // keygen = secret + public derivation, same work as the C EVP keygen + let mut kg_rng = os_rng(); + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + let s = x25519_dalek::StaticSecret::random_from_rng(&mut kg_rng); + sink(x25519_dalek::PublicKey::from(&s)); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut derive = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(a.diffie_hellman(&pb)); + Ok(()) + }; + + let kg = must_measure(alg, "keygen", &mut keygen, cfg); + let dv = must_measure(alg, "derive", &mut derive, cfg); + + let ops = render_ops(vec![("keygen", kg), ("derive", dv)]); + // classical:true, like the C openssl baseline rows + let mut row = String::from( + "{\"alg\":\"X25519\",\"kind\":\"kem\",\"implementation\":\"rustcrypto\",\ + \"classical\":true,\"enabled\":true,\"claimed_nist_level\":1,\ + \"sizes\":{\"public_key\":32,\"secret_key\":32,\"ciphertext\":null,\"shared_secret\":32},\ + \"operations\":{", + ); + for (i, block) in ops.iter().enumerate() { + if i > 0 { + row += ","; + } + row += block; + } + row += "}}"; + println!("{row}"); + 0 +} + +fn run_ed25519(cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + let alg = "Ed25519"; + let mut rng = os_rng(); + + // ---- correctness gate (bench_pq.c:561-564) ---- + let sk = ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut rng); + let vk = sk.verifying_key(); + let sig = sk.sign(&MSG); // deterministic RFC 8032, same as OpenSSL + if vk.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_err() { + die(alg, "verify failed on a valid signature (broken build)"); + } + + let vk_bytes = vk.to_bytes(); + + let mut kg_rng = os_rng(); + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(ed25519_dalek::SigningKey::generate(&mut kg_rng)); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut sign = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(sk.sign(&MSG)); + Ok(()) + }; + // verify = pk from wire bytes + verify (incl. point decompression) — the + // TLS/OQS call shape; verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key (validator). + let mut verify = || -> Result<(), ()> { + match ed25519_dalek::VerifyingKey::from_bytes(&vk_bytes) { + Ok(v) => { + if v.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_ok() { + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + } else { + Err(()) + } + } + Err(_) => Err(()), + } + }; + let mut verify_cached = || -> Result<(), ()> { + if vk.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_ok() { + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + } else { + Err(()) + } + }; + + let kg = must_measure(alg, "keygen", &mut keygen, cfg); + let sg = must_measure(alg, "sign", &mut sign, cfg); + let vf = must_measure(alg, "verify", &mut verify, cfg); + let vc = must_measure(alg, "verify_cached_key", &mut verify_cached, cfg); + + let ops = render_ops(vec![ + ("keygen", kg), + ("sign", sg), + ("verify", vf), + ("verify_cached_key", vc), + ]); + let mut row = String::from( + "{\"alg\":\"Ed25519\",\"kind\":\"sig\",\"implementation\":\"rustcrypto\",\ + \"classical\":true,\"enabled\":true,\"claimed_nist_level\":1,\ + \"sizes\":{\"public_key\":32,\"secret_key\":32,\"signature\":64},\ + \"operations\":{", + ); + for (i, block) in ops.iter().enumerate() { + if i > 0 { + row += ","; + } + row += block; + } + row += "}}"; + println!("{row}"); + 0 +} + +/// bench_pq.c MSGLEN (=32) and the 0xA5 fill (:426). +const MSG: [u8; 32] = [0xA5; 32]; + +/// System RNG (getrandom-backed) — analogous to liboqs' default system +/// OQS_randombytes; both sides pay the system-entropy cost inside keygen/sign. +fn os_rng() -> rand_core::UnwrapErr { + rand_core::UnwrapErr(getrandom::SysRng) +} + +/// The anti-DCE sink. C uses a file-scope volatile store per op (g_sink, +/// bench_pq.c:296-300); the Rust equivalent is std::hint::black_box, which +/// forces the value to be materialized so the crypto call cannot be optimized +/// away. Applied to every timed op's output. +fn sink(v: T) { + black_box(v); +} + +/// Expected sizes = the FIPS encodings, which are exactly what liboqs reports. +/// A mismatch means a bug or a spec disagreement, NOT a benchmarking result — +/// so, like the C correctness gate, it aborts with no stdout (die/exit 3). +fn check_size(alg: &str, what: &str, got: usize, want: usize) { + if got != want { + die( + alg, + &format!("size mismatch: {what} is {got} bytes, expected {want} (FIPS/liboqs)"), + ); + } +} + +pub const ALGS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[ + // classical baselines first, like the C sweep (config.yaml order) + ("kem", "X25519"), + ("sig", "Ed25519"), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-512"), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-768"), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-1024"), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-44"), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-65"), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-87"), + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128F"), + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128S"), + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_192F"), + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_256F"), +]; + +fn print_row(alg: &str, kind: &str, level: u32, sizes: &str, extra: &str, ops: &[String]) { + let mut row = format!( + "{{\"alg\":\"{alg}\",\"kind\":\"{kind}\",\"implementation\":\"rustcrypto\",\"enabled\":true," + ); + row += &format!("\"claimed_nist_level\":{level},"); + row += &format!("\"sizes\":{{{sizes}}},"); + row += extra; // e.g. "\"sk_seed_bytes\":64," or "" + row += "\"operations\":{"; + for (i, block) in ops.iter().enumerate() { + if i > 0 { + row += ","; + } + row += block; + } + row += "}}"; + println!("{row}"); +} + +fn render_ops(alg_ops: Vec<(&str, crate::bench::MeasureOut)>) -> Vec { + alg_ops + .into_iter() + .map(|(name, mut m)| { + let st = crate::bench::compute_stats(&mut m.all); + stats_json(name, &st, &m) + }) + .collect() +} + +macro_rules! run_mlkem { + ($K:ty, $name:expr, $level:expr, $pk:expr, $sk:expr, $ct:expr, $cfg:expr) => {{ + let alg = $name; + let mut rng = os_rng(); + + // ---- correctness gate ONCE outside timing (bench_pq.c:357-363) ---- + let (dk, ek) = <$K>::generate_keypair_from_rng(&mut rng); + let (ct, ss_e) = ek.encapsulate_with_rng(&mut rng); + let ss_d = dk.decapsulate(&ct); + if ss_e != ss_d { + die(alg, "KEM shared-secret mismatch (ss_encaps != ss_decaps)"); + } + check_size(alg, "public_key", ek.to_bytes().len(), $pk); + check_size(alg, "secret_key (expanded)", dk.to_expanded_bytes().len(), $sk); + check_size(alg, "ciphertext", ct.len(), $ct); + check_size(alg, "shared_secret", ss_e.len(), 32); + let sk_seed = dk.to_bytes().len(); + + // ---- timed ops on canonical validated inputs ---- + let mut kg_rng = os_rng(); + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(<$K>::generate_keypair_from_rng(&mut kg_rng)); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut en_rng = os_rng(); + let mut encaps = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(ek.encapsulate_with_rng(&mut en_rng)); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut decaps = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(dk.decapsulate(&ct)); + Ok(()) + }; + + let kg = must_measure(alg, "keygen", &mut keygen, $cfg); + let en = must_measure(alg, "encaps", &mut encaps, $cfg); + let de = must_measure(alg, "decaps", &mut decaps, $cfg); + + let ops = render_ops(vec![("keygen", kg), ("encaps", en), ("decaps", de)]); + let sizes = format!( + "\"public_key\":{},\"secret_key\":{},\"ciphertext\":{},\"shared_secret\":32", + $pk, $sk, $ct + ); + let extra = format!("\"sk_seed_bytes\":{sk_seed},"); + print_row(alg, "kem", $level, &sizes, &extra, &ops); + 0 + }}; +} + +macro_rules! run_mldsa { + ($P:ty, $name:expr, $level:expr, $pk:expr, $sk:expr, $sig:expr, $cfg:expr) => {{ + let alg = $name; + let mut rng = os_rng(); + + // ---- correctness gate (bench_pq.c:428-434) ---- + let sk = ml_dsa::SigningKey::<$P>::generate_from_rng(&mut rng); + let vk = sk.verifying_key(); + let sig = match sk.expanded_key().try_sign_with_rng(&mut rng, &MSG) { + Ok(s) => s, + Err(_) => die(alg, "sign failed"), + }; + if vk.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_err() { + die(alg, "signature verify failed on a valid signature (broken build)"); + } + check_size(alg, "public_key", vk.encode().len(), $pk); + check_size( + alg, + "secret_key (expanded)", + core::mem::size_of::>(), + $sk, + ); + check_size(alg, "signature", sig.encode().len(), $sig); + let sk_seed = sk.to_bytes().len(); + let vk_enc = vk.encode(); + + let mut kg_rng = os_rng(); + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(ml_dsa::SigningKey::<$P>::generate_from_rng(&mut kg_rng)); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut sg_rng = os_rng(); + let mut sign = || -> Result<(), ()> { + // hedged signing, matching liboqs (DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING) + match sk.expanded_key().try_sign_with_rng(&mut sg_rng, &MSG) { + Ok(s) => { + sink(s); + Ok(()) + } + Err(_) => Err(()), + } + }; + // verify = decode pk from wire bytes + verify: the shape OQS_SIG_verify + // measures (it re-expands from pk bytes per call) and the shape TLS + // pays per handshake. For ML-DSA the decode expands A_hat, so this is + // materially more work than verifying with a cached key object. + let mut verify = || -> Result<(), ()> { + let v = ml_dsa::VerifyingKey::<$P>::decode(&vk_enc); + if v.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_ok() { + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + } else { + Err(()) + } + }; + // verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object, expansion amortised: the + // long-lived-peer (validator) pattern. verify - verify_cached_key = + // the pk parse/expansion cost. + let mut verify_cached = || -> Result<(), ()> { + if vk.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_ok() { + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + } else { + Err(()) + } + }; + + let kg = must_measure(alg, "keygen", &mut keygen, $cfg); + let sg = must_measure(alg, "sign", &mut sign, $cfg); + let vf = must_measure(alg, "verify", &mut verify, $cfg); + let vc = must_measure(alg, "verify_cached_key", &mut verify_cached, $cfg); + + let ops = render_ops(vec![ + ("keygen", kg), + ("sign", sg), + ("verify", vf), + ("verify_cached_key", vc), + ]); + let sizes = format!( + "\"public_key\":{},\"secret_key\":{},\"signature\":{}", + $pk, $sk, $sig + ); + let extra = format!("\"sk_seed_bytes\":{sk_seed},"); + print_row(alg, "sig", $level, &sizes, &extra, &ops); + 0 + }}; +} + +macro_rules! run_slhdsa { + ($P:ty, $name:expr, $level:expr, $pk:expr, $sk:expr, $sig:expr, $cfg:expr) => {{ + let alg = $name; + let mut rng = os_rng(); + + // ---- correctness gate ---- + let sk = SlhSigningKey::<$P>::new(&mut rng); + let vk: &slh_dsa::VerifyingKey<$P> = sk.as_ref(); + let sig = match sk.try_sign_with_rng(&mut rng, &MSG) { + Ok(s) => s, + Err(_) => die(alg, "sign failed"), + }; + if vk.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_err() { + die(alg, "signature verify failed on a valid signature (broken build)"); + } + check_size(alg, "public_key", vk.to_bytes().len(), $pk); + check_size(alg, "secret_key", sk.to_bytes().len(), $sk); + check_size(alg, "signature", sig.to_bytes().len(), $sig); + let vk_bytes = vk.to_bytes(); + + let mut kg_rng = os_rng(); + let mut keygen = || -> Result<(), ()> { + sink(SlhSigningKey::<$P>::new(&mut kg_rng)); + Ok(()) + }; + let mut sg_rng = os_rng(); + let mut sign = || -> Result<(), ()> { + // hedged signing, matching liboqs (fresh addrnd per signature) + match sk.try_sign_with_rng(&mut sg_rng, &MSG) { + Ok(s) => { + sink(s); + Ok(()) + } + Err(_) => Err(()), + } + }; + // verify = pk from wire bytes + verify (OQS/TLS call shape); for + // SLH-DSA the key is two small seeds so the decode is near-free — + // both shapes are still emitted for row-shape consistency. + let mut verify = || -> Result<(), ()> { + match slh_dsa::VerifyingKey::<$P>::try_from(&vk_bytes[..]) { + Ok(v) => { + if v.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_ok() { + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + } else { + Err(()) + } + } + Err(_) => Err(()), + } + }; + let mut verify_cached = || -> Result<(), ()> { + if vk.verify(&MSG, &sig).is_ok() { + sink(1u8); + Ok(()) + } else { + Err(()) + } + }; + + let kg = must_measure(alg, "keygen", &mut keygen, $cfg); + let sg = must_measure(alg, "sign", &mut sign, $cfg); + let vf = must_measure(alg, "verify", &mut verify, $cfg); + let vc = must_measure(alg, "verify_cached_key", &mut verify_cached, $cfg); + + let ops = render_ops(vec![ + ("keygen", kg), + ("sign", sg), + ("verify", vf), + ("verify_cached_key", vc), + ]); + let sizes = format!( + "\"public_key\":{},\"secret_key\":{},\"signature\":{}", + $pk, $sk, $sig + ); + print_row(alg, "sig", $level, &sizes, "", &ops); + 0 + }}; +} + +pub fn run(kind: &str, alg: &str, cfg: &BenchCfg) -> i32 { + match (kind, alg) { + ("kem", "X25519") => run_x25519(cfg), + ("sig", "Ed25519") => run_ed25519(cfg), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-512") => run_mlkem!(MlKem512, "ML-KEM-512", 1, 800, 1632, 768, cfg), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-768") => run_mlkem!(MlKem768, "ML-KEM-768", 3, 1184, 2400, 1088, cfg), + ("kem", "ML-KEM-1024") => run_mlkem!(MlKem1024, "ML-KEM-1024", 5, 1568, 3168, 1568, cfg), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-44") => run_mldsa!(MlDsa44, "ML-DSA-44", 2, 1312, 2560, 2420, cfg), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-65") => run_mldsa!(MlDsa65, "ML-DSA-65", 3, 1952, 4032, 3309, cfg), + ("sig", "ML-DSA-87") => run_mldsa!(MlDsa87, "ML-DSA-87", 5, 2592, 4896, 4627, cfg), + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128F") => { + run_slhdsa!(Sha2_128f, "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128F", 1, 32, 64, 17088, cfg) + } + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128S") => { + run_slhdsa!(Sha2_128s, "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128S", 1, 32, 64, 7856, cfg) + } + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_192F") => { + run_slhdsa!(Sha2_192f, "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_192F", 3, 48, 96, 35664, cfg) + } + ("sig", "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_256F") => { + run_slhdsa!(Sha2_256f, "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_256F", 5, 64, 128, 49856, cfg) + } + _ => { + // Same shape as the C harness's not-enabled row (bench_pq.c:344): + // an algorithm this implementation cannot provide is recorded as + // unavailable, never faked. + println!( + "{{\"alg\":\"{alg}\",\"kind\":\"{kind}\",\"implementation\":\"rustcrypto\",\ + \"enabled\":false,\"reason\":\"no mature pure-Rust implementation\"}}" + ); + 0 + } + } +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/bench.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/bench.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00d29af --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/bench.rs @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +//! Measurement engine — a deliberate, line-for-line replication of the timing, +//! auto-calibration and statistics logic in bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c, so that +//! rustcrypto rows are methodologically comparable to liboqs rows. Any change +//! here must be mirrored there (and vice versa). C references cite bench_pq.c. + +use std::process::exit; + +/// bench_pq.c now_ns() (:44-48): clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC). We call the +/// same clock via libc — std::time::Instant would use mach_absolute_time on +/// macOS, a different timebase than the C harness. +pub fn now_ns() -> u64 { + let mut ts = libc::timespec { + tv_sec: 0, + tv_nsec: 0, + }; + unsafe { + libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &mut ts); + } + ts.tv_sec as u64 * 1_000_000_000 + ts.tv_nsec as u64 +} + +/// bench_pq.c die() (:303-307): a broken build must NEVER silently emit +/// timing numbers. stderr + exit(3), no stdout. +pub fn die(alg: &str, what: &str) -> ! { + eprintln!("[pqb-rust] FATAL: {alg}: {what} — aborting so no numbers are emitted"); + exit(3); +} + +/// bench_pq.c bench_cfg (:163-170). +pub struct BenchCfg { + pub fixed_iters: u64, // >0 => fixed-count mode; 0 => auto-calibrate + pub target_ns: u64, + pub min_samples: u64, + pub max_iters: u64, + pub warmup: u64, + pub reps: u64, +} + +/// bench_pq.c measure_out (:172-182). +pub struct MeasureOut { + pub all: Vec, + pub per_rep_median: Vec, // capped at 64, like the C array + pub timed_iters: u64, + pub warmup_iters: u64, + pub reps: u64, + pub calibrated: bool, + pub est_ns: f64, +} + +/// bench_pq.c pct_sorted() (:100-109): percentile with linear interpolation +/// on an already-sorted slice. +fn pct_sorted(s: &[u64], p: f64) -> f64 { + let n = s.len(); + if n == 0 { + return 0.0; + } + if n == 1 { + return s[0] as f64; + } + let idx = p * (n - 1) as f64; + let lo = idx as usize; + let frac = idx - lo as f64; + if lo + 1 >= n { + return s[n - 1] as f64; + } + s[lo] as f64 + frac * (s[lo + 1] as f64 - s[lo] as f64) +} + +/// bench_pq.c stats_t + compute_stats() (:89-146). Consumes the sample vec +/// (sorts in place, like the C qsort). +pub struct Stats { + pub median: f64, + pub mad: f64, + pub iqr: f64, + pub q1: f64, + pub q3: f64, + pub min: f64, + pub max: f64, + pub mean: f64, + pub stddev: f64, + pub ops_per_sec: f64, + pub n: u64, +} + +pub fn compute_stats(samples: &mut Vec) -> Stats { + let n = samples.len(); + if n == 0 { + return Stats { + median: 0.0, + mad: 0.0, + iqr: 0.0, + q1: 0.0, + q3: 0.0, + min: 0.0, + max: 0.0, + mean: 0.0, + stddev: 0.0, + ops_per_sec: 0.0, + n: 0, + }; + } + samples.sort_unstable(); + let median = pct_sorted(samples, 0.5); + let q1 = pct_sorted(samples, 0.25); + let q3 = pct_sorted(samples, 0.75); + let sum: f64 = samples.iter().map(|&x| x as f64).sum(); + let mean = sum / n as f64; + let ss: f64 = samples + .iter() + .map(|&x| { + let d = x as f64 - mean; + d * d + }) + .sum(); + let stddev = if n > 1 { + (ss / (n - 1) as f64).sqrt() + } else { + 0.0 + }; + // MAD = median(|x - median|). The C code truncates each deviation to + // uint64_t before sorting (:134-142); replicate that cast exactly. + let mut dev: Vec = samples + .iter() + .map(|&x| { + let d = x as f64 - median; + (if d < 0.0 { -d } else { d }) as u64 + }) + .collect(); + dev.sort_unstable(); + let mad = pct_sorted(&dev, 0.5); + Stats { + median, + mad, + iqr: q3 - q1, + q1, + q3, + min: samples[0] as f64, + max: samples[n - 1] as f64, + mean, + stddev, + ops_per_sec: if median > 0.0 { 1e9 / median } else { 0.0 }, + n: n as u64, + } +} + +/// bench_pq.c calibrate_op() (:209-250): doubling calibration (which also +/// warms caches) -> per-op cost estimate -> timed count clamped to +/// [min_samples, max_iters], per-rep re-warm ~20% of the timed budget. +fn calibrate_op( + f: &mut dyn FnMut() -> Result<(), ()>, + cfg: &BenchCfg, +) -> Result<(u64, u64, f64, bool), ()> { + if cfg.fixed_iters > 0 { + return Ok((cfg.fixed_iters, cfg.warmup, 0.0, false)); + } + const CALIB_BUDGET_NS: u64 = 30_000_000; // 30 ms, same as C (:221) + let (mut cops, mut cel, mut batch) = (0u64, 0u64, 1u64); + while cel < CALIB_BUDGET_NS && cops < cfg.max_iters { + let t0 = now_ns(); + for _ in 0..batch { + f()?; + } + cel += now_ns() - t0; + cops += batch; + batch *= 2; + } + let mut est_ns = if cops > 0 { + cel as f64 / cops as f64 + } else { + 1.0 + }; + if est_ns < 1.0 { + est_ns = 1.0; + } + let want = cfg.target_ns as f64 / est_ns; + let mut n = (want + 0.5) as u64; + n = n.clamp(cfg.min_samples, cfg.max_iters); + let w = (cfg.target_ns as f64 * 0.2) / est_ns; + let mut warm = (w + 0.5) as u64; + if warm < 1 { + warm = 1; + } + if warm > cfg.max_iters { + warm = cfg.max_iters; + } + Ok((n, warm, est_ns, true)) +} + +/// bench_pq.c measure_op() (:253-294): per-rep re-warm, then each op timed +/// individually; per-rep medians recorded (up to 64), all samples pooled. +pub fn measure_op(f: &mut dyn FnMut() -> Result<(), ()>, cfg: &BenchCfg) -> Result { + let (iters, warmup, est_ns, calibrated) = calibrate_op(f, cfg)?; + let mut out = MeasureOut { + all: Vec::with_capacity((iters * cfg.reps) as usize), + per_rep_median: Vec::new(), + timed_iters: iters, + warmup_iters: warmup, + reps: cfg.reps, + calibrated, + est_ns, + }; + let mut rep_buf: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(iters as usize); + for _ in 0..cfg.reps { + for _ in 0..warmup { + f()?; + } + rep_buf.clear(); + for _ in 0..iters { + let t0 = now_ns(); + let rc = f(); + let dt = now_ns() - t0; + rc?; + rep_buf.push(dt); + out.all.push(dt); + } + let mut copy = rep_buf.clone(); + copy.sort_unstable(); + if out.per_rep_median.len() < 64 { + out.per_rep_median.push(pct_sorted(©, 0.5)); + } + } + Ok(out) +} + +/// measure_op wrapper mirroring must_measure() (:311-315). +pub fn must_measure( + alg: &str, + op: &str, + f: &mut dyn FnMut() -> Result<(), ()>, + cfg: &BenchCfg, +) -> MeasureOut { + match measure_op(f, cfg) { + Ok(m) => m, + Err(()) => die(alg, op), + } +} + +/// bench_pq.c print_stats_json() (:184-203) — identical field set and +/// formatting (%.2f) so rows are diffable against liboqs rows. +pub fn stats_json(name: &str, st: &Stats, m: &MeasureOut) -> String { + let mut s = format!("\"{name}\":{{"); + s += &format!( + "\"unit\":\"ns\",\"warmup_iters\":{},\"timed_iters\":{},\"repetitions\":{},", + m.warmup_iters, m.timed_iters, m.reps + ); + s += &format!("\"calibrated\":{},", m.calibrated); + if m.calibrated { + s += &format!("\"calib_est_ns\":{:.2},", m.est_ns); + } + s += &format!("\"samples\":{},", st.n); + s += &format!( + "\"median\":{:.2},\"mad\":{:.2},\"iqr\":{:.2},\"q1\":{:.2},\"q3\":{:.2},", + st.median, st.mad, st.iqr, st.q1, st.q3 + ); + s += &format!( + "\"min\":{:.2},\"max\":{:.2},\"mean\":{:.2},\"stddev\":{:.2},", + st.min, st.max, st.mean, st.stddev + ); + s += &format!("\"ops_per_sec\":{:.2},", st.ops_per_sec); + s += "\"per_rep_median\":["; + for (i, v) in m.per_rep_median.iter().enumerate() { + if i > 0 { + s += ","; + } + s += &format!("{v:.2}"); + } + s += "]}"; + s +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/main.rs b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e7e4d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +//! pqb-rust — pure-Rust (RustCrypto) KEM/signature harness. +//! +//! One algorithm per invocation (fresh process keeps cache state clean), same +//! CLI, same auto-calibration and same statistics as bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c +//! (see bench.rs for the line-by-line mapping). Emits one schema-2.0.0 JSONL +//! row with implementation:"rustcrypto" to stdout. +//! +//! pqb-rust --kind kem --alg ML-KEM-768 --target-time-ms 250 \ +//! --min-samples 30 --max-iters 20000 --reps 5 +//! pqb-rust --list # kindalg lines for run.sh +//! pqb-rust --provenance # Rust toolchain/code-path provenance JSON + +mod algs; +mod bench; + +use bench::BenchCfg; +use std::process::exit; + +fn provenance_json() -> String { + let compiled: Vec = env!("PQB_TARGET_FEATURES") + .split(',') + .filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) + .map(|s| format!("\"{s}\"")) + .collect(); + + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + let runtime = format!( + "{{\"neon\":{},\"aes\":{},\"sha2\":{},\"sha3\":{}}}", + std::arch::is_aarch64_feature_detected!("neon"), + std::arch::is_aarch64_feature_detected!("aes"), + std::arch::is_aarch64_feature_detected!("sha2"), + std::arch::is_aarch64_feature_detected!("sha3"), + ); + #[cfg(not(target_arch = "aarch64"))] + let runtime = "null".to_string(); + + format!( + concat!( + "{{\"available\":true,", + "\"rustc_version\":\"{}\",", + "\"target\":\"{}\",", + "\"profile\":\"{}\",", + "\"opt_level\":\"{}\",", + "\"codegen_units\":1,", + "\"lto\":false,", + "\"rustflags\":\"{}\",", + "\"target_features_compiled\":[{}],", + "\"cpu_features_runtime\":{},", + "\"crate_versions\":{{\"ml-kem\":\"{}\",\"ml-dsa\":\"{}\",\"slh-dsa\":\"{}\",", + "\"x25519-dalek\":\"{}\",\"ed25519-dalek\":\"{}\"}},", + "\"signing_mode\":\"hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA\",", + "\"verify_semantics\":\"verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify \ + (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the \ + per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with \ + expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is \ + the pk parse/expansion cost\",", + "\"code_path_note\":\"{}\"}}" + ), + env!("PQB_RUSTC_VERSION"), + env!("PQB_TARGET"), + env!("PQB_PROFILE"), + env!("PQB_OPT_LEVEL"), + env!("PQB_RUSTFLAGS"), + compiled.join(","), + runtime, + env!("PQB_CRATE_ML_KEM"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_ML_DSA"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_SLH_DSA"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_X25519_DALEK"), + env!("PQB_CRATE_ED25519_DALEK"), + // Kept factual and verified against the crate sources in the resolved + // dependency tree; the Rust-side analogue of toolchain.liboqs_opt_defines. + "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no \ + hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler \ + autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike \ + liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); \ + hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of \ + which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures \ + runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak \ + where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - \ + symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets", + ) +} + +fn usage() { + eprintln!( + "usage: pqb-rust --kind kem|sig --alg NAME [options]\n\ + \x20 same sizing options as bench_pq: --target-time-ms N --min-samples N\n\ + \x20 --max-iters N --reps N | fixed: --iters N --warmup N\n\ + \x20 also: --list | --provenance" + ); +} + +fn main() { + let args: Vec = std::env::args().collect(); + let mut kind = String::new(); + let mut alg = String::new(); + let (mut warmup, mut iters, mut reps) = (1000u64, 0u64, 5u64); + let (mut target_time_ms, mut min_samples, mut max_iters) = (250u64, 30u64, 20000u64); + + let mut i = 1; + while i < args.len() { + let need = |i: usize| -> &str { + if i + 1 < args.len() { + &args[i + 1] + } else { + usage(); + exit(2); + } + }; + match args[i].as_str() { + "--list" => { + for (k, a) in algs::ALGS { + println!("{k}\t{a}"); + } + return; + } + "--provenance" => { + println!("{}", provenance_json()); + return; + } + "--kind" => { + kind = need(i).to_string(); + i += 1; + } + "--alg" => { + alg = need(i).to_string(); + i += 1; + } + "--warmup" => { + warmup = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(1000); + i += 1; + } + "--iters" => { + iters = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(0); + i += 1; + } + "--reps" => { + reps = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(5); + i += 1; + } + "--target-time-ms" => { + target_time_ms = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(250); + i += 1; + } + "--min-samples" => { + min_samples = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(30); + i += 1; + } + "--max-iters" => { + max_iters = need(i).parse().unwrap_or(20000); + i += 1; + } + _ => { + usage(); + exit(2); + } + } + i += 1; + } + if kind.is_empty() || alg.is_empty() { + usage(); + exit(2); + } + let reps = reps.max(1); + let min_samples = min_samples.max(1); + let max_iters = max_iters.max(min_samples); + + let cfg = BenchCfg { + fixed_iters: iters, + target_ns: target_time_ms * 1_000_000, + min_samples, + max_iters, + warmup, + reps, + }; + if iters > 0 { + eprintln!("[pqb-rust] mode=fixed-count reps={reps} warmup={warmup} iters={iters}"); + } else { + eprintln!( + "[pqb-rust] mode=auto-calibrate reps={reps} target={target_time_ms}ms \ + min_samples={min_samples} max_iters={max_iters}" + ); + } + exit(algs::run(&kind, &alg, &cfg)); +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/Makefile b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3e56b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Build the TLS handshake harness against the OpenSSL that has oqs-provider. +# make OPENSSL_PREFIX=... (defaults to Homebrew openssl@3.5, else system) + +OPENSSL_PREFIX ?= $(shell brew --prefix openssl@3.5 2>/dev/null || echo /usr) + +CC ?= cc +CFLAGS := -O3 -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra -I$(OPENSSL_PREFIX)/include +LDFLAGS := -L$(OPENSSL_PREFIX)/lib -Wl,-rpath,$(OPENSSL_PREFIX)/lib +LDLIBS := -lssl -lcrypto -lm + +bench_tls: bench_tls.c + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $< $(LDFLAGS) $(LDLIBS) + +clean: + rm -f bench_tls + +.PHONY: clean diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/bench_tls.c b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/bench_tls.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3c63d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/bench_tls.c @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +/* =========================================================================== + * bench_tls.c — TLS 1.3 handshake benchmark via the OpenSSL API. + * + * Performs full TLS 1.3 handshakes entirely in-process over a pair of memory + * BIOs (no sockets, no CLI scraping). This gives: + * - clean per-handshake wall-clock latency (no socket/scheduler noise) + * - exact bytes-on-the-wire each direction + * - the precise ClientHello flight size (with a fragmentation note vs MSS) + * - real server-cert signature verification cost (client verifies the chain), + * which is the whole point of sweeping PQ signature algorithms. + * + * bench_tls --group X25519MLKEM768 --ca ca.pem \ + * --cert server.pem --key server.key --connections 1000 \ + * --label "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa65" \ + * --sig-alg mldsa65 --phase phase2 --implementation oqs-provider + * + * Emits one JSON object. The caller (run_tls.sh) supplies the row's schema + * annotations verbatim: `phase` (baseline | phase0 | phase2 — the migration + * framework), `implementation` (which TLS stack produced the number), and + * `sig_alg` (the certificate signature algorithm, separate from the label so + * downstream code never has to parse labels). PQ groups/sigs require + * oqs-provider to be loadable (point OPENSSL_MODULES at its directory); if it + * cannot load, we say so. + * ===========================================================================*/ +#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#define TYPICAL_MSS 1400 /* note fragmentation when ClientHello exceeds this */ + +static inline uint64_t now_ns(void) { + struct timespec ts; clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts); + return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ull + (uint64_t)ts.tv_nsec; +} + +static int cmp_u64(const void *a, const void *b) { + uint64_t x = *(const uint64_t *)a, y = *(const uint64_t *)b; + return (x > y) - (x < y); +} +static double pct(const uint64_t *s, uint64_t n, double p) { + if (!n) return 0; if (n == 1) return (double)s[0]; + double idx = p * (double)(n - 1); uint64_t lo = (uint64_t)idx; double f = idx - lo; + if (lo + 1 >= n) return (double)s[n - 1]; + return (double)s[lo] + f * ((double)s[lo + 1] - (double)s[lo]); +} + +/* OSSL_PROVIDER_do_all callback: flag any active provider whose name looks + * like an OQS provider (native-mode assertion). */ +static int check_no_oqs_provider(OSSL_PROVIDER *prov, void *cbdata) { + const char *name = OSSL_PROVIDER_get0_name(prov); + if (name && strstr(name, "oqs") != NULL) + *(int *)cbdata = 1; + return 1; +} + +/* Shuttle all pending bytes from src's mem BIO into dst's mem BIO. + * Returns bytes moved. */ +static size_t pump(BIO *src, BIO *dst) { + char buf[16384]; size_t total = 0; int n; + while ((n = BIO_read(src, buf, sizeof buf)) > 0) { + BIO_write(dst, buf, n); + total += (size_t)n; + } + return total; +} + +/* One full handshake. Records bytes each way and ClientHello size (first flight). + * Returns 0 on success. */ +static int one_handshake(SSL_CTX *cctx, SSL_CTX *sctx, + size_t *c2s_bytes, size_t *s2c_bytes, size_t *chello) { + SSL *cli = SSL_new(cctx), *srv = SSL_new(sctx); + if (!cli || !srv) { if (cli) SSL_free(cli); if (srv) SSL_free(srv); return -1; } + BIO *cli_rb = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()), *cli_wb = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()); + BIO *srv_rb = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()), *srv_wb = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()); + SSL_set_bio(cli, cli_rb, cli_wb); /* takes ownership */ + SSL_set_bio(srv, srv_rb, srv_wb); + SSL_set_connect_state(cli); + SSL_set_accept_state(srv); + + *c2s_bytes = *s2c_bytes = *chello = 0; + int first_flight = 1, rc = 0; + for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { + int r_c = SSL_do_handshake(cli); + size_t moved = pump(cli_wb, srv_rb); + if (first_flight && moved > 0) { *chello = moved; first_flight = 0; } + *c2s_bytes += moved; + (void)r_c; + + int r_s = SSL_do_handshake(srv); + *s2c_bytes += pump(srv_wb, cli_rb); + (void)r_s; + + if (SSL_is_init_finished(cli) && SSL_is_init_finished(srv)) break; + /* if both stalled with nothing to transfer, it's a failure */ + if (BIO_ctrl_pending(cli_wb) == 0 && BIO_ctrl_pending(srv_wb) == 0 && + !SSL_is_init_finished(cli) && i > 4) { rc = -2; break; } + } + if (!SSL_is_init_finished(cli) || !SSL_is_init_finished(srv)) rc = -2; + SSL_free(cli); SSL_free(srv); + return rc; +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) { + const char *group = "X25519", *ca = NULL, *cert = NULL, *key = NULL, *label = ""; + const char *phase = "", *implementation = "oqs-provider", *sig_alg = ""; + uint64_t connections = 1000, warmup = 20; + for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) { + if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--group") && i+1 exercises PQ signature verify cost */ + int verify_setup = 1; + if (ca) { + if (SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(cctx, ca, NULL) != 1) verify_setup = 0; + SSL_CTX_set_verify(cctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL); + } else { + SSL_CTX_set_verify(cctx, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL); + } + + if (!group_ok || !cert_ok || !verify_setup) { + printf("{\"label\":\"%s\",\"group\":\"%s\",\"sig_alg\":\"%s\",\"phase\":\"%s\"," + "\"implementation\":\"%s\",\"enabled\":false,\"have_oqs_provider\":%s," + "\"reason\":\"%s%s%s\"}\n", + label, group, sig_alg, phase, implementation, have_oqs?"true":"false", + group_ok?"":"group-not-supported ", + cert_ok?"":"cert-load-failed ", + verify_setup?"":"ca-load-failed"); + ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr); + return 0; + } + + /* warmup */ + size_t c2s, s2c, ch; + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < warmup; i++) { + if (one_handshake(cctx, sctx, &c2s, &s2c, &ch) != 0) { + printf("{\"label\":\"%s\",\"group\":\"%s\",\"sig_alg\":\"%s\",\"phase\":\"%s\"," + "\"implementation\":\"%s\",\"enabled\":false," + "\"have_oqs_provider\":%s,\"reason\":\"handshake failed\"}\n", + label, group, sig_alg, phase, implementation, have_oqs?"true":"false"); + ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr); + return 0; + } + } + + uint64_t *lat = malloc(connections * sizeof(uint64_t)); + size_t ch_last = 0, c2s_last = 0, s2c_last = 0; + uint64_t ok = 0; + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < connections; i++) { + uint64_t t0 = now_ns(); + int rc = one_handshake(cctx, sctx, &c2s, &s2c, &ch); + uint64_t dt = now_ns() - t0; + if (rc == 0) { lat[ok++] = dt; ch_last = ch; c2s_last = c2s; s2c_last = s2c; } + } + if (ok == 0) { fprintf(stderr,"all handshakes failed\n"); return 1; } + qsort(lat, ok, sizeof(uint64_t), cmp_u64); + double median = pct(lat, ok, 0.5); + double p95 = pct(lat, ok, 0.95); + double mn = (double)lat[0], mx = (double)lat[ok-1]; + double sum=0; for (uint64_t i=0;i1?sqrt(ss/(ok-1)):0; + double hs_per_sec = median>0 ? 1e9/median : 0; + + printf("{\"label\":\"%s\",\"group\":\"%s\",\"sig_alg\":\"%s\",\"phase\":\"%s\"," + "\"implementation\":\"%s\",\"enabled\":true,\"have_oqs_provider\":%s,", + label, group, sig_alg, phase, implementation, have_oqs?"true":"false"); + printf("\"connections\":%llu,\"succeeded\":%llu,", (unsigned long long)connections,(unsigned long long)ok); + printf("\"handshake_latency_ns\":{\"median\":%.1f,\"p95\":%.1f,\"min\":%.1f,\"max\":%.1f,\"mean\":%.1f,\"stddev\":%.1f},", + median,p95,mn,mx,mean,stddev); + printf("\"handshakes_per_sec\":%.1f,", hs_per_sec); + printf("\"bytes_on_wire\":{\"client_to_server\":%zu,\"server_to_client\":%zu,\"total\":%zu},", + c2s_last, s2c_last, c2s_last+s2c_last); + printf("\"client_hello_bytes\":%zu,\"client_hello_fragmented\":%s,\"mss_assumed\":%d}\n", + ch_last, ch_last>TYPICAL_MSS?"true":"false", TYPICAL_MSS); + free(lat); + return 0; +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/run_tls.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/run_tls.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..b27b230 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/tls/run_tls.sh @@ -0,0 +1,292 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# run_tls.sh — generate PKI and run the TLS 1.3 (KEM-group x signature) matrix. +# +# Always benchmarks the classical Logos baseline (X25519 key exchange + Ed25519 +# server auth) using stock OpenSSL. PQ rows additionally require oqs-provider to +# be loadable; if it is not present we record those rows as unavailable (with a +# reason) rather than failing — so this still smoke-tests cleanly on a dev box. +# +# ./run_tls.sh --out tls.json --connections 1000 +# +# Honors $PQB_TASKSET (a taskset/numactl prefix) to pin bench_tls to a core. +# ============================================================================= +set -euo pipefail + +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)" +ROOT="$(cd "$HERE/../.." && pwd)" +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$ROOT/setup/lib_platform.sh" +LOCK="$ROOT/setup/versions.lock" +# shellcheck disable=SC1090 +[ -f "$LOCK" ] && source "$LOCK" || true +pqb_detect_platform +# set -e deaths must never be silent (see run.sh) +set -E # errtrace: without it the ERR trap does not fire inside functions +trap 'pqb_err "run_tls.sh aborted at line $LINENO while running: $BASH_COMMAND"' ERR + +OUT=""; CONNS=1000; WARMUP=20 +while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do + case "$1" in + --out) OUT="$2"; shift ;; + --connections) CONNS="$2"; shift ;; + --warmup) WARMUP="$2"; shift ;; + *) pqb_err "unknown arg: $1"; exit 2 ;; + esac + shift +done +[ -n "$OUT" ] || { pqb_err "--out required"; exit 2; } + +TASKSET="${PQB_TASKSET:-}" + +# ---- choose the OpenSSL that has the provider ------------------------------ +OSSL="${OPENSSL_BIN:-$(command -v openssl)}" +OSSL_PREFIX="${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-$(brew --prefix openssl@3.5 2>/dev/null || echo /usr)}" +PROV_MODULE="${OQSPROVIDER_MODULE:-}" +PROV_ARGS="" +HAVE_OQS=0 +if [ -n "$PROV_MODULE" ] && [ -f "$PROV_MODULE" ]; then + export OPENSSL_MODULES="$(dirname "$PROV_MODULE")" + if "$OSSL" list -providers -provider oqsprovider -provider default >/dev/null 2>&1; then + PROV_ARGS="-provider oqsprovider -provider default" + HAVE_OQS=1 + pqb_log "oqs-provider available: $PROV_MODULE" + fi +fi +[ "$HAVE_OQS" = 0 ] && pqb_warn "oqs-provider not available — PQ TLS rows will be marked unavailable (classical baseline still runs)" + +# ---- build the harness ----------------------------------------------------- +make -C "$HERE" OPENSSL_PREFIX="$OSSL_PREFIX" >/dev/null +BENCH="$HERE/bench_tls" +[ -n "$TASKSET" ] && export OPENSSL_MODULES="${OPENSSL_MODULES:-}" + +# ---- PKI workspace --------------------------------------------------------- +PKI="$HERE/pki"; rm -rf "$PKI"; mkdir -p "$PKI" + +# gen_cert [provider] -> CA + server cert/key of that alg +gen_cert() { + local alg="$1" pfx="$2" prov="${3:-}" + local ca_key="$PKI/${pfx}_ca.key" ca_crt="$PKI/${pfx}_ca.pem" + local sv_key="$PKI/${pfx}_server.key" sv_csr="$PKI/${pfx}_server.csr" sv_crt="$PKI/${pfx}_server.pem" + # CA + "$OSSL" req -x509 -new -newkey "$alg" -nodes $prov \ + -keyout "$ca_key" -out "$ca_crt" -days 3650 \ + -subj "/CN=PQB Test CA ($alg)" >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1 + # server key + CSR + cert signed by CA. SAN is REQUIRED by webpki (the + # rustls verifier rejects CN-only certs); OpenSSL doesn't mind, so the same + # certs serve every stack. -copy_extensions carries the SAN into the cert. + "$OSSL" genpkey -algorithm "$alg" $prov -out "$sv_key" >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1 + "$OSSL" req -new -key "$sv_key" $prov -out "$sv_csr" -subj "/CN=localhost" \ + -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:localhost" >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1 + "$OSSL" x509 -req -in "$sv_csr" -CA "$ca_crt" -CAkey "$ca_key" $prov \ + -copy_extensions copyall \ + -out "$sv_crt" -days 3650 -CAcreateserial >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1 + return 0 +} + +# ---- read config ----------------------------------------------------------- +TLS_JSON="$(python3 "$ROOT/bench/lib/list_algs.py" tls "$ROOT/config.yaml")" +read_list() { python3 -c "import json,sys; print('\n'.join(json.loads(sys.argv[1]).get(sys.argv[2],[]) or []))" "$TLS_JSON" "$1"; } +read_native_list() { python3 -c "import json,sys; print('\n'.join(((json.loads(sys.argv[1]).get('native') or {}).get(sys.argv[2])) or []))" "$TLS_JSON" "$1"; } +BASE_KEM="$(python3 -c "import json,sys;print(json.loads(sys.argv[1])['baseline']['kem_group'])" "$TLS_JSON")" +BASE_SIG="$(python3 -c "import json,sys;print(json.loads(sys.argv[1])['baseline']['sig_alg'])" "$TLS_JSON")" + +# ---- native PQC availability probe ----------------------------------------- +# The openssl-native matrix needs OpenSSL's own ML-KEM TLS groups (>= 3.5). +NATIVE_OK=0 +if "$OSSL" list -tls-groups 2>/dev/null | tr ':' '\n' | grep -qi '^mlkem'; then + NATIVE_OK=1 + pqb_log "native PQC TLS available in $("$OSSL" version | awk '{print $1, $2}')" +else + pqb_warn "this OpenSSL exposes no native MLKEM TLS groups — openssl-native matrix skipped" +fi + +# ---- generate certs -------------------------------------------------------- +declare -a SIG_OK_ALGS=() # oqs-provider PQ sig algs with a working cert +declare -a NATIVE_SIG_OK=() # native PQ sig algs with a working cert +# classical baseline cert (always; generated by the native openssl, used by the +# baseline + every phase0 cell) +if gen_cert "$BASE_SIG" "base_$BASE_SIG"; then + pqb_log "generated baseline cert ($BASE_SIG)" +else + pqb_err "failed to generate classical baseline cert ($BASE_SIG) — TLS layer cannot run" + echo '{"available":false,"reason":"baseline cert generation failed"}' > "$OUT"; exit 0 +fi +# native PQ certs: generated by native OpenSSL >= 3.5 itself (NOT oqs-provider — +# different code path, potentially different encodings; phase2-native must be +# native end to end) +if [ "$NATIVE_OK" = 1 ]; then + while IFS= read -r s; do + [ -z "$s" ] && continue + if gen_cert "$s" "native_$s"; then + NATIVE_SIG_OK+=("$s"); pqb_log "generated native PQ cert ($s)" + else + pqb_warn "could not generate NATIVE cert for sig alg '$s' (skipping)" + fi + done < <(read_native_list pq_sigs) +fi +if [ "$HAVE_OQS" = 1 ]; then + while IFS= read -r s; do + [ -z "$s" ] && continue + if gen_cert "$s" "pq_$s" "$PROV_ARGS"; then + SIG_OK_ALGS+=("$s"); pqb_log "generated PQ cert ($s)" + else + pqb_warn "could not generate cert for sig alg '$s' (skipping)" + fi + done < <(read_list sig_algs) +fi + +# Migration-phase classification for a (kem_group, sig_alg) cell: +# baseline = classical KEM group + classical signature (what Logos runs today) +# phase0 = PQ or hybrid KEM group + CLASSICAL signature (HNDL protection) +# phase2 = PQ signature (regardless of group) +phase_for() { + local kem_l sig_l pq_kem=0 + kem_l="$(printf '%s' "$1" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')" + sig_l="$(printf '%s' "$2" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')" + case "$kem_l" in + *mlkem*|*kyber*|*frodo*|*hqc*|*bike*|*ntru*|*mceliece*) pq_kem=1 ;; + esac + case "$sig_l" in + ed25519|ed448|ecdsa*|rsa*|ecdsap*) + if [ "$pq_kem" = 1 ]; then echo phase0; else echo baseline; fi ;; + *) echo phase2 ;; + esac +} + +# run one matrix cell -> appends JSON object to $ROWS file +# run_cell +run_cell() { + local impl="$1" pfx="$2" kem="$3" sig="$4" + local label="${kem}+${sig}" + # shellcheck disable=SC2086 + $TASKSET "$BENCH" --group "$kem" --ca "$PKI/${pfx}_ca.pem" \ + --cert "$PKI/${pfx}_server.pem" --key "$PKI/${pfx}_server.key" \ + --connections "$CONNS" --warmup "$WARMUP" --label "$label" \ + --sig-alg "$sig" --phase "$(phase_for "$kem" "$sig")" \ + --implementation "$impl" 2>>"$PKI/bench_tls.err" +} + +ROWS="$PKI/rows.jsonl"; : > "$ROWS" + +# ---- baseline: classical pair, measured NATIVE (no provider involved) ------ +pqb_log "TLS baseline (openssl-native): $BASE_KEM + $BASE_SIG ($CONNS handshakes)" +run_cell openssl-native "base_$BASE_SIG" "$BASE_KEM" "$BASE_SIG" >> "$ROWS" \ + || pqb_warn "baseline TLS cell failed" + +# ---- openssl-native matrix ------------------------------------------------- +if [ "$NATIVE_OK" = 1 ]; then + NATIVE_CLASSICAL="$(python3 -c "import json,sys;print((json.loads(sys.argv[1]).get('native') or {}).get('classical_sig',''))" "$TLS_JSON")" + # phase0: hybrid + pure PQ groups with the CLASSICAL certificate (HNDL) + while IFS= read -r kem; do + [ -z "$kem" ] && continue + pqb_log "TLS native phase0: $kem + $NATIVE_CLASSICAL" + run_cell openssl-native "base_$NATIVE_CLASSICAL" "$kem" "$NATIVE_CLASSICAL" >> "$ROWS" \ + || pqb_warn "native cell $kem+$NATIVE_CLASSICAL failed" + done < <(read_native_list hybrid_groups; read_native_list pure_groups) + # phase2: X25519MLKEM768 + pure groups x native PQ sigs + if [ "${#NATIVE_SIG_OK[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then + while IFS= read -r kem; do + [ -z "$kem" ] && continue + for sig in "${NATIVE_SIG_OK[@]}"; do + pqb_log "TLS native phase2: $kem + $sig" + run_cell openssl-native "native_$sig" "$kem" "$sig" >> "$ROWS" \ + || pqb_warn "native cell $kem+$sig failed" + done + done < <(echo X25519MLKEM768; read_native_list pure_groups) + fi +fi + +# ---- oqs-provider matrix: (kem_groups x sig_algs) — only cells whose cert +# exists. Overlapping ML-DSA cells are deliberate (native-vs-provider delta); +# the falcon/sphincs cells exist ONLY here (draft TLS codepoints). +if [ "$HAVE_OQS" = 1 ] && [ "${#SIG_OK_ALGS[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then + while IFS= read -r kem; do + [ -z "$kem" ] && continue + for sig in "${SIG_OK_ALGS[@]}"; do + pqb_log "TLS cell (oqs-provider): $kem + $sig" + run_cell oqs-provider "pq_$sig" "$kem" "$sig" >> "$ROWS" \ + || pqb_warn "cell $kem+$sig failed" + done + done < <(read_list kem_groups) +fi + +# ---- rustls + aws-lc-rs matrix (implementation: rustls-awslc) --------------- +# Same phase structure, same in-memory methodology (pqb-rust-tls mirrors +# bench_tls.c). Reuses the SAME PEM certs: base_* for baseline/phase0 and the +# NATIVE OpenSSL-generated ML-DSA certs for phase2 (webpki needs the SAN that +# gen_cert now adds). Skipped gracefully without cargo. +RUSTLS_BIN="$ROOT/bench/rust-tls/target/release/pqb-rust-tls" +if command -v cargo >/dev/null 2>&1; then + pqb_log "building rustls harness (cargo build --release --locked)" + if (cd "$ROOT/bench/rust-tls" && cargo build --release --locked) >"$PKI/rustls_build.log" 2>&1; then + : + else + pqb_warn "rustls harness build failed (see $PKI/rustls_build.log) — rustls-awslc matrix skipped" + RUSTLS_BIN="" + fi +else + pqb_warn "cargo not installed — rustls-awslc TLS matrix skipped" + RUSTLS_BIN="" +fi +if [ -n "$RUSTLS_BIN" ] && [ -x "$RUSTLS_BIN" ]; then + [ -n "${PQB_RUSTLS_PROV:-}" ] && "$RUSTLS_BIN" --provenance > "$PQB_RUSTLS_PROV" + read_rustls_list() { python3 -c "import json,sys; print('\n'.join(((json.loads(sys.argv[1]).get('rustls') or {}).get(sys.argv[2])) or []))" "$TLS_JSON" "$1"; } + RUSTLS_CLASSICAL="$(python3 -c "import json,sys;print((json.loads(sys.argv[1]).get('rustls') or {}).get('classical_sig',''))" "$TLS_JSON")" + run_rustls_cell() { # + local pfx="$1" kem="$2" sig="$3" + local label="${kem}+${sig}" + # shellcheck disable=SC2086 + $TASKSET "$RUSTLS_BIN" --group "$kem" --ca "$PKI/${pfx}_ca.pem" \ + --cert "$PKI/${pfx}_server.pem" --key "$PKI/${pfx}_server.key" \ + --connections "$CONNS" --warmup "$WARMUP" --label "$label" \ + --sig-alg "$sig" --phase "$(phase_for "$kem" "$sig")" 2>>"$PKI/bench_tls.err" + } + pqb_log "TLS rustls baseline: X25519 + $BASE_SIG" + run_rustls_cell "base_$BASE_SIG" X25519 "$BASE_SIG" >> "$ROWS" \ + || pqb_warn "rustls baseline cell failed" + while IFS= read -r kem; do + [ -z "$kem" ] && continue + pqb_log "TLS rustls phase0: $kem + $RUSTLS_CLASSICAL" + run_rustls_cell "base_$RUSTLS_CLASSICAL" "$kem" "$RUSTLS_CLASSICAL" >> "$ROWS" \ + || pqb_warn "rustls cell $kem+$RUSTLS_CLASSICAL failed" + done < <(read_rustls_list hybrid_groups; read_rustls_list pure_groups) + if [ "${#NATIVE_SIG_OK[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then + while IFS= read -r kem; do + [ -z "$kem" ] && continue + for sig in "${NATIVE_SIG_OK[@]}"; do + pqb_log "TLS rustls phase2: $kem + $sig" + run_rustls_cell "native_$sig" "$kem" "$sig" >> "$ROWS" \ + || pqb_warn "rustls cell $kem+$sig failed" + done + done < <(echo X25519MLKEM768; read_rustls_list pure_groups) + else + pqb_warn "no native ML-DSA certs — rustls phase2 cells skipped" + fi + # SLH-DSA's absence from this stack is a FINDING, recorded in-data: across + # both production stacks (rustls/aws-lc-rs here, native OpenSSL above — + # draft TLS codepoints), SLH-DSA in TLS 1.3 exists only in the experimental + # oqs-provider. + printf '%s\n' '{"label":"X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f","group":"X25519MLKEM768","sig_alg":"SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f","phase":"phase2","implementation":"rustls-awslc","unstable_features":false,"enabled":false,"have_oqs_provider":false,"reason":"SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely; native OpenSSL cannot negotiate it either (TLS codepoints still draft) - across both production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental oqs-provider"}' >> "$ROWS" +fi + +# ---- assemble tls.json ----------------------------------------------------- +python3 - "$ROWS" "$OUT" "$HAVE_OQS" "$BASE_KEM" "$BASE_SIG" <<'PY' +import json,sys +rows_path, out_path, have_oqs, base_kem, base_sig = sys.argv[1:6] +rows=[] +with open(rows_path) as f: + for line in f: + line=line.strip() + if line: + try: rows.append(json.loads(line)) + except json.JSONDecodeError: pass +out={ + "available": True, + "have_oqs_provider": have_oqs=="1", + "baseline": {"kem_group": base_kem, "sig_alg": base_sig, "label": f"{base_kem}+{base_sig}"}, + "matrix": rows, +} +json.dump(out, open(out_path,"w"), indent=2) +print(f"wrote {out_path}: {len(rows)} cells (have_oqs={have_oqs})") +PY diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f58a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +# ============================================================================= +# pqc-bench candidate configuration +# +# This file is the single place users edit to extend the benchmark. The harness +# reads it with a dependency-free YAML subset parser (bench/lib/miniyaml.py), so +# keep to the simple shape used below: top-level maps, lists of scalars, and +# lists of "- key: value" maps. Comments (#) and quotes are fine. +# +# Algorithm names must match liboqs / oqs-provider identifiers exactly. To see +# what your built liboqs supports: ./vendor/liboqs/build/tests/test_kem (lists) +# or check the dashboard's "available algorithms" note after a run. +# ============================================================================= + +# ---- measurement knobs ------------------------------------------------------ +# Default sizing is PER-OPERATION AUTO-CALIBRATION: each op (keygen/encaps/sign/ +# ...) is timed long enough to accumulate ~target_time_ms of work, clamped to +# [min_samples, max_iters]. This makes an 18 us ML-KEM keygen and a ~750 ms +# SLH-DSA sign both yield a stable median without a hand-tuned per-alg count: +# - fast ops are bounded by max_iters +# - slow ops are bounded by min_samples (so even ~1 op per target still gets +# enough samples for a stable median/MAD) +# To force FIXED counts instead, pass `./run.sh --iters N` — that disables +# calibration and uses the warmup_iters/timed_iters fallback below. +measurement: + target_time_ms: 250 # auto: aggregate timed work to put on each op + min_samples: 30 # auto: floor on timed iters/rep (stable median+MAD) + max_iters: 20000 # auto: ceiling on timed iters/rep (caps fast ops) + repetitions: 5 # independent repetitions (fresh process each time) + cycles_mode: auto # auto | on | off (PMU userspace cycle counting) + # ---- fixed-count fallback (only used when ./run.sh --iters is given) ---- + warmup_iters: 1000 # untimed iterations to settle caches/branch predictors + timed_iters: 10000 # timed iterations per repetition + +# ---- security_level (NIST category) ---------------------------------------- +# Every candidate carries `security_level: N` — the NIST PQC category the +# parameter set targets (1/2/3/5) — used only to group algorithms on the charts. +# The mapping is PER-SCHEME, so different schemes reach the same security target +# with different-looking sets: a level 1 sitting next to a level 2 is the real +# NIST categorization, not a typo. Notably: +# - ML-KEM-512, Falcon-512, X25519 -> Category 1 +# - ML-DSA-44 -> Category 2 (FIPS 204 defines NO +# Category-1 ML-DSA; -44 is its +# smallest set and lands at Cat 2) +# - ML-KEM-768 / ML-DSA-65 -> Category 3 +# - ML-KEM-1024 / ML-DSA-87 / Falcon-1024 -> Category 5 +# (NIST levels: 1 ~ AES-128, 2 ~ SHA-256 collision, 3 ~ AES-192, 5 ~ AES-256.) + +# ---- KEMs ------------------------------------------------------------------ +# baseline = the classical reference Logos uses TODAY (drawn on every chart). +kem: + baseline: + - name: X25519 + classical: true + security_level: 1 # NIST category (see "security_level" note above) + candidates: + - name: ML-KEM-512 + security_level: 1 + - name: ML-KEM-768 + security_level: 3 + - name: ML-KEM-1024 + security_level: 5 + # Hybrids (classical + PQ) — these are oqs-provider TLS group names; for the + # raw KEM bench they are skipped unless liboqs exposes them as a KEM. + - name: X25519MLKEM768 + security_level: 3 + hybrid: true + - name: SecP256r1MLKEM768 + security_level: 3 + hybrid: true + # --- Code-based + conservative-LWE backup candidates (added 2026-06) ------- + # Verified enabled in the linked liboqs 0.15.0 build via OQS_KEM_alg_is_enabled + # (oqsconfig.h + runtime cross-check). Keygen/encaps/decaps are reported as + # separate ops so the docs' "keygen is a one-time setup cost" argument can show + # the (slow) McEliece keygen explicitly next to its tiny ciphertext. + # + # Classic McEliece — code-based. Huge public key, TINY ciphertext, very slow + # keygen on the Pi (auto-calibration clamps keygen to min_samples=30, like + # SLH-DSA sign); encaps/decaps are fast and calibrate normally. Standard sets, + # plus the 460896f fast-keygen variant directly next to standard 460896: same + # params and same tiny ciphertext but a faster keygen, so the pair gives the + # keygen trade-off directly (the most useful McEliece data point for the + # migration doc). Other f-variants omitted as redundant. + - name: Classic-McEliece-348864 + security_level: 1 + - name: Classic-McEliece-460896 + security_level: 3 + - name: Classic-McEliece-460896f + security_level: 3 + - name: Classic-McEliece-6688128 + security_level: 5 + - name: Classic-McEliece-6960119 + security_level: 5 + - name: Classic-McEliece-8192128 + security_level: 5 + # FrodoKEM — conservative (unstructured) LWE. ~100x slower encaps/decaps than + # ML-KEM and ~15x larger ciphertext. AES variant (uses ARM AES instructions, + # which this build compiles in); SHAKE variants also available if needed. + - name: FrodoKEM-640-AES + security_level: 1 + - name: FrodoKEM-976-AES + security_level: 3 + - name: FrodoKEM-1344-AES + security_level: 5 + # FrodoKEM SHAKE variants — same algorithm and arithmetic as the AES rows, + # different symmetric primitive (SHAKE via the OQS SHA-3 layer instead of + # AES via OpenSSL EVP). Added as the controlled test of the companion + # document's claim that the M3's FrodoKEM lead comes from hardware AES: + # if the AES rows show a large cross-platform gap while these SHAKE rows + # sit near the portable-C norm, the AES attribution is isolated; if both + # move together, the cause is elsewhere. + - name: FrodoKEM-640-SHAKE + security_level: 1 + - name: FrodoKEM-976-SHAKE + security_level: 3 + - name: FrodoKEM-1344-SHAKE + security_level: 5 + # HQC-128/192/256: NOT enabled in this liboqs 0.15.0 build (disabled upstream + # after the IND-CCA2 implementation issue; oqsconfig.h has it #undef and the + # runtime OQS_KEM_alg_is_enabled returns 0). Intentionally omitted rather than + # listed-and-disabled. Re-add once linked against a liboqs with HQC re-enabled. + +# ---- Signatures ------------------------------------------------------------ +sig: + baseline: + - name: Ed25519 + classical: true + security_level: 1 + candidates: + - name: ML-DSA-44 + security_level: 2 # Cat 2, not 1 — FIPS 204 has no Cat-1 ML-DSA (see note above) + - name: ML-DSA-65 + security_level: 3 + - name: ML-DSA-87 + security_level: 5 + - name: Falcon-512 + security_level: 1 + - name: Falcon-1024 + security_level: 5 + # Hash-based signatures — BOTH generations measured side by side: + # + # SLH-DSA (FIPS 205 final, "pure" variants) — the standardised algorithm. + # Identifiers verified by instantiating them in the vendored liboqs 0.15.0 + # build (claimed NIST levels 1/1/3/5 confirmed at runtime). liboqs 0.16.0 + # removes SPHINCS+ entirely, so these are also the forward-compatible rows. + - name: SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128F + security_level: 1 + - name: SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_128S + security_level: 1 + - name: SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_192F + security_level: 3 + - name: SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_256F + security_level: 5 + # SPHINCS+ (round-3 "simple" sets) — a DIFFERENT algorithm from FIPS 205 + # SLH-DSA, not a relabelling. Kept alongside so (a) new runs compare + # directly against the three published RPi5 baselines that measured these, + # and (b) the TLS matrix's oqs-provider `sphincssha2128fsimple` cell keeps + # a matching primitive row for its handshake_primitive_sum. Will drop when + # we move to liboqs 0.16.0 (which removes SPHINCS+). + - name: SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple + security_level: 1 + - name: SPHINCS+-SHA2-128s-simple + security_level: 1 + - name: SPHINCS+-SHA2-192f-simple + security_level: 3 + - name: SPHINCS+-SHA2-256f-simple + security_level: 5 + # --- extend here --- + +# ---- TLS 1.3 handshake matrix ---------------------------------------------- +# Two implementations, both full TLS 1.3 handshakes over the same in-process +# harness (bench_tls.c): +# openssl-native : OpenSSL >= 3.5's own PQC (production-relevant path); the +# harness ASSERTS no OQS provider is loaded for these rows. +# oqs-provider : liboqs algorithms via the experimental provider; the only +# way to get an SLH-DSA TLS row today (IETF codepoints for +# SLH-DSA in TLS 1.3 are still draft, so native OpenSSL can +# issue SLH-DSA certs but cannot negotiate them). +# Every cell carries phase: baseline (classical KEM + classical sig), +# phase0 (PQ/hybrid KEM + classical sig — HNDL protection), phase2 (PQ sig). +# The classical baseline pair is ALWAYS included, measured natively. +tls: + baseline: + kem_group: X25519 + sig_alg: ed25519 # OpenSSL classical auth Logos uses today + connections: 1000 # handshakes per cell + + # ---- openssl-native matrix (group/sig names are OpenSSL's own) ---------- + native: + hybrid_groups: + - X25519MLKEM768 + - SecP256r1MLKEM768 + pure_groups: + - MLKEM512 + - MLKEM768 + - MLKEM1024 + classical_sig: ed25519 # phase0 rows (and the baseline cert) + # phase2 = X25519MLKEM768 + pure_groups x pq_sigs. SecP256r1MLKEM768 is + # phase0-only by design (Ed25519 is our classical signature; no ECDSA). + pq_sigs: + - ML-DSA-44 + - ML-DSA-65 + - ML-DSA-87 + + # ---- rustls + aws-lc-rs matrix (implementation: rustls-awslc) ----------- + # The Rust TLS stack, same phase structure. Coverage facts (recorded as + # enabled:false rows, not hidden): rustls 0.23 has no MLKEM512 group, and + # SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely — so across BOTH + # production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental + # oqs-provider. ML-DSA rows ride UNSTABLE cargo features + # (rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable) and carry unstable_features:true. + rustls: + hybrid_groups: + - X25519MLKEM768 + - SecP256r1MLKEM768 + pure_groups: + - MLKEM512 + - MLKEM768 + - MLKEM1024 + classical_sig: ed25519 + pq_sigs: + - ML-DSA-44 + - ML-DSA-65 + - ML-DSA-87 + + # ---- oqs-provider matrix (oqs-provider TLS group/sig names) ------------- + # Kept in full: the ML-DSA cells overlap with the native matrix on purpose + # (same protocol + algorithms under two stacks isolates provider overhead), + # and the falcon/sphincs cells exist ONLY here. + kem_groups: + - X25519MLKEM768 + - SecP256r1MLKEM768 + - mlkem512 + - mlkem768 + - mlkem1024 + sig_algs: + - mldsa44 + - mldsa65 + - mldsa87 + - falcon512 + - sphincssha2128fsimple + +# ---- future phase (NOT implemented now — hooks only) ----------------------- +# zk: +# snark: [] # e.g. groth16, plonk, halo2 +# stark: [] # e.g. risc0, winterfell diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/README.md b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2c9e2c --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +# Dashboard + +Static, no-backend dashboard (Chart.js) for the merged benchmark dataset. + +## Viewing it — must be served over HTTP + +The page loads `data/merged.json` with `fetch()`. Browsers block that fetch for +pages opened as plain files (`file://` origins have no cross-origin rights), so +**opening `index.html` directly shows empty charts**. Serve the directory over +HTTP instead: + +```sh +cd dashboard +python3 -m http.server 8000 +# open http://localhost:8000 (or http://:8000 from another machine) +``` + +Any static host works the same way (GitHub Pages included — deploy this +directory as-is). + +## What the merged dataset contains + +`data/merged.json` is produced by `analyze/merge.py` (schema `2.0.0`). Run with +no arguments it merges exactly the files pinned in +`analyze/published_runs.txt` — the published Logos snapshot set cited by the +companion document's provenance section: the consolidated baseline-grade RPi5 +run, the consolidated Mac (Apple M3) cross-platform run (not baseline-grade; +hidden by the dashboard's default filter), and the community RPi5 run +(`thomas-pi-*`; merged once its file lands in `results/`). Ad-hoc dev runs in +`results/` never enter the published dataset unless added to that manifest. + +Contents: + +- `runs[]` — one record per source file: host facts, toolchain provenance + (liboqs/OpenSSL/oqs-provider versions + commits, build flags), thermal + summary, and the `is_baseline_grade` verdict with reasons. +- `kem[]` / `sig[]` — flat per-(run, algorithm, operation) rows: median/MAD/ + IQR/min/stddev/ops-per-sec, sizes, NIST level, `classical` flag, + `implementation` (which library produced the measurement — `liboqs`, + `openssl`; later stages add `rustcrypto`), and the per-algorithm + `total_sum_of_medians_ns` aggregate (derived: sum of per-op medians). +- `tls[]` — flat per-(run, matrix-cell) rows: handshake latency median, + handshakes/sec, bytes on wire, ClientHello size + fragmentation flag, plus + `phase` (`baseline` / `phase0` / `phase2` migration phases), `sig_alg`, + `implementation` (`oqs-provider` today; later stages add `openssl-native` + and `rustls-awslc`), and `primitive_sum_of_medians_ns` — the sum of the + primitive operations one handshake performs (with + `primitive_sum_complete=false` when a component, e.g. P-256 ECDH, is not + measured as a primitive). Full per-component breakdowns live in the source + results files under `tls.matrix[].handshake_primitive_sum`. + +Schema-1.0.0 result files are merged compatibly (`backend` → +`implementation`, phase inferred, totals derived) without rewriting them. + +## Views + +- **TLS migration phases** — baseline → phase0 → phase2 for a chosen group + family and stack, latency and bytes-on-wire side by side, **Pi and Mac in + the same chart** (Mac bars translucent), with ×multipliers vs each + platform's own classical baseline. The ◆ marker on latency bars is the + handshake's **sum of primitive-operation medians** (derived, not measured — + labelled as such in the panel); the gap to the bar top is protocol overhead. +- **Full handshake matrix** — every cell of the selected run, colored by + phase, banded by stack; ᵁ marks rows riding unstable cargo features. Plus + the ClientHello chart with the ~1400 B MSS line (orange border = fragments). +- **Cross-implementation primitives** — same algorithm measured by + independent implementations (Pi solid / Mac translucent), log axis by + default. Acceleration context appears three ways: hatched bars = portable + code path (secondary cue), tooltips carry the full per-row acceleration + record, and the **always-visible acceleration table** underneath + (arithmetic path, symmetric path, per-platform hardware-instruction status) + is authoritative — so asm-vs-portable is never mistaken for implementation + quality. +- **Primitives by security level** — the original charts, preserved, with an + implementation filter (classical anchors come from the matching family: + openssl for liboqs, in-family for the Rust groups) and log axes by default + so five orders of magnitude (16 µs ML-KEM keygen … 0.5 s SLH-DSA-128s sign) + are all visible; linear toggle for same-magnitude comparison. +- **Deliberate absences** — disabled rows rendered as cards with their + verbatim reasons (SLH-DSA-in-TLS first: unavailable in both production + stacks, oqs-provider only). Never bars, never zeros, never filtered away. + +Both published runs are **shown by default**: the Pi card is baseline-grade, +the Mac card is labelled "cross-platform reference — not baseline-grade" with +its reasons expandable — a labelling distinction, not a visibility one. diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4f319a --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js @@ -0,0 +1,604 @@ +/* pq-bench-rpi5 dashboard — pure client-side, reads a merged.json produced by + * analyze/merge.py. No backend. + * + * Views (stage-6): TLS migration phases (Pi + Mac side by side), the full + * three-stack handshake matrix, cross-implementation primitive comparison with + * always-visible acceleration context, the original security-level charts + * (preserved), and a deliberate-absences panel. All runs are SHOWN and + * labelled — baseline-grade vs cross-platform-reference is a labelling + * distinction, never a visibility one. */ + +const LEVEL_COLORS = { 1:"#3bd67a", 2:"#46c0c0", 3:"#3a7bff", 5:"#b06bff", 0:"#888" }; +const BASE_COLOR = "#e0533d", PQ_COLOR = "#3a7bff"; +const PHASE_COLORS = { baseline:"#e0533d", phase0:"#3bd67a", phase2:"#b06bff" }; +const IMPL_COLORS = { liboqs:"#3a7bff", "aws-lc-rs":"#2fbfa7", + rustcrypto:"#f28c3b", openssl:"#e0533d" }; +const IMPL_ORDER = ["liboqs", "aws-lc-rs", "rustcrypto", "openssl"]; +const TLS_IMPLS = ["openssl-native", "oqs-provider", "rustls-awslc"]; + +let MERGED = null, CHARTS = []; +const UI = { phaseFamily:"X25519MLKEM768", phaseImpl:"openssl-native", + tlsRun:null, lvlRun:null, lvlImpl:"liboqs", + xKemOp:"keygen", xSigOp:"sign" }; + +const $ = (id) => document.getElementById(id); +const nsToMs = (ns) => (ns || 0) / 1e6; +const norm = (s) => (s||"").toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, ""); + +/* compact ms label: more decimals for small values, fewer for large. Guards its + * input — Chart.js may hand a value-label formatter a parsed {x,y} point or a + * non-number. */ +const fmtMs = (v) => { + const ms = typeof v === "number" ? v + : (v && typeof v === "object") ? (typeof v.y === "number" ? v.y : NaN) + : Number(v); + if (!Number.isFinite(ms)) return ""; + return ms>=100?ms.toFixed(0):ms>=10?ms.toFixed(1):ms>=1?ms.toFixed(2):ms.toFixed(3); +}; +/* human tick labels for log axes spanning µs..s (values are in ms) */ +const logTick = (v) => { + const l = Math.log10(v); + if (Math.abs(l - Math.round(l)) > 1e-9) return ""; + if (v < 1) return (v*1000) + " µs"; + if (v < 1000) return v + " ms"; + return (v/1000) + " s"; +}; +const logScale = (label) => ({ type:"logarithmic", + title:{display:true,text:label+" (log)",color:"#9aa3b2"}, + ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2", callback:logTick, autoSkip:false} }); +const linScale = (label) => ({ type:"linear", + title:{display:true,text:label,color:"#9aa3b2"}, ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2"} }); + +/* diagonal-hatch canvas pattern (secondary cue for portable code paths) */ +const PATTERNS = {}; +function hatch(color, alpha=1) { + const key = color + alpha; + if (PATTERNS[key]) return PATTERNS[key]; + const c = document.createElement("canvas"); c.width = c.height = 8; + const x = c.getContext("2d"); + x.globalAlpha = alpha; + x.fillStyle = color; x.fillRect(0,0,8,8); + x.globalAlpha = 1; + x.strokeStyle = "rgba(15,17,21,0.65)"; x.lineWidth = 2; + x.beginPath(); x.moveTo(-2,6); x.lineTo(6,-2); x.moveTo(2,10); x.lineTo(10,2); x.stroke(); + return PATTERNS[key] = x.createPattern(c, "repeat"); +} +function withAlpha(hex, a) { + const n = parseInt(hex.slice(1), 16); + return `rgba(${n>>16},${(n>>8)&255},${n&255},${a})`; +} + +/* Inline plugin: value labels above bars. formatter(value, index, dsIndex). */ +const valueLabels = { + id: "valueLabels", + afterDatasetsDraw(chart) { + /* NB: formatters live on chart.$pqb, NOT in options — Chart.js v4 resolves + * plugin options through a scriptable-options proxy that INVOKES functions + * while resolving them (formatter->valueOf recursion). */ + const opt = chart.$pqb || {}; + if (!opt.formatter) return; + const ctx = chart.ctx; + ctx.save(); + ctx.fillStyle = "#e6e8ee"; ctx.font = "10px sans-serif"; + ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.textBaseline = "bottom"; + chart.data.datasets.forEach((ds, di) => { + const meta = chart.getDatasetMeta(di); + if (meta.hidden) return; + meta.data.forEach((el, i) => { + const v = ds.data[i]; + if (v == null) return; + /* opt.stagger: alternate label heights per dataset so side-by-side + * near-equal bars (Pi vs Mac) don't overprint each other */ + const dy = opt.stagger ? (di % 2 ? 14 : 3) : 3; + ctx.fillText(opt.formatter(v, i, di), el.x, el.y - dy); + }); + }); + ctx.restore(); + } +}; +/* Inline plugin: ◆ markers inside bars (the primitive-sum-of-medians overlay). + * options.plugins.sumMarkers.values[dsIndex][i] = value in axis units or null. */ +const sumMarkers = { + id: "sumMarkers", + afterDatasetsDraw(chart) { + const opt = chart.$pqb || {}; + if (!opt.sums) return; + const y = chart.scales.y, ctx = chart.ctx; + ctx.save(); + chart.data.datasets.forEach((ds, di) => { + const meta = chart.getDatasetMeta(di); + if (meta.hidden) return; + meta.data.forEach((el, i) => { + const v = (opt.sums[di]||[])[i]; + if (v == null) return; + const py = y.getPixelForValue(v); + ctx.fillStyle = "#ffe066"; + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.moveTo(el.x, py-5); ctx.lineTo(el.x+5, py); + ctx.lineTo(el.x, py+5); ctx.lineTo(el.x-5, py); + ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill(); + }); + }); + ctx.restore(); + } +}; +if (window.Chart) { Chart.register(valueLabels); Chart.register(sumMarkers); } + +async function boot() { + $("fileInput").addEventListener("change", onFile); + $("tlsLog").addEventListener("change", render); + $("xLog").addEventListener("change", render); + $("lvlLog").addEventListener("change", render); + try { + const r = await fetch("data/merged.json", { cache: "no-store" }); + if (r.ok) { MERGED = await r.json(); afterLoad(); } + else showEmpty("No data/merged.json yet. Run a benchmark, then: " + + "python3 analyze/merge.py — or load a results file above."); + } catch (e) { + showEmpty("Could not auto-load data/merged.json (open via a local server or use the file picker)."); + } +} + +function onFile(ev) { + const f = ev.target.files[0]; if (!f) return; + const rd = new FileReader(); + rd.onload = () => { + const d = JSON.parse(rd.result); + MERGED = d.merged_schema ? d : wrapSingle(d); + afterLoad(); + }; + rd.readAsText(f); +} + +/* wrap a single results JSON into the merged shape so the picker works too */ +function wrapSingle(d) { + const rid = `${(d.host||{}).hostname}@${d.generated_utc}`; + const meta = { run_id: rid, hostname:(d.host||{}).hostname, cpu_brand:(d.host||{}).cpu_brand, + is_rpi:(d.host||{}).is_rpi, is_baseline_grade:d.is_baseline_grade }; + const kem=[], sig=[], tls=[], kem_absent=[], sig_absent=[], tls_absent=[]; + const prim = (rows, out, absent) => (rows||[]).forEach(k => { + if (!k.enabled) { absent.push({...meta, alg:k.alg, + implementation:k.implementation||k.backend, reason:k.reason||""}); return; } + Object.entries(k.operations||{}).forEach(([op,st]) => + out.push({...meta, alg:k.alg, implementation:k.implementation||k.backend, + classical:!!k.classical, nist_level:k.claimed_nist_level, + operation:op, median_ns:st.median, sizes:k.sizes, + acceleration:k.acceleration})); + }); + prim(d.kem, kem, kem_absent); prim(d.sig, sig, sig_absent); + ((d.tls||{}).matrix||[]).forEach(c => { + const sig_alg = c.sig_alg || ((c.label||"").split("+")[1]||""); + if (!c.enabled) { tls_absent.push({...meta, label:c.label, group:c.group, + sig_alg, phase:c.phase||"", implementation:c.implementation||"oqs-provider", + unstable_features:!!c.unstable_features, reason:c.reason||""}); return; } + tls.push({...meta, label:c.label, group:c.group, sig_alg, + phase:c.phase, implementation:c.implementation||"oqs-provider", + unstable_features:!!c.unstable_features, + is_baseline_pair:c.label===((d.tls||{}).baseline||{}).label, + handshakes_per_sec:c.handshakes_per_sec, median_ns:(c.handshake_latency_ns||{}).median, + primitive_sum_of_medians_ns:((c.handshake_primitive_sum||{}).sum_of_medians_ns), + bytes_total:(c.bytes_on_wire||{}).total, client_hello_bytes:c.client_hello_bytes, + client_hello_fragmented:c.client_hello_fragmented}); + }); + return { merged_schema:"single", n_runs:1, + runs:[{run_id:rid, host:d.host, is_baseline_grade:d.is_baseline_grade, + baseline_grade_reasons:d.baseline_grade_reasons||[], toolchain:d.toolchain, + cpu_features:d.cpu_features, run:d.run, + thermal_summary:{temp_c:(d.thermal_trace||{}).temp_c, + throttling_detected:(d.thermal_trace||{}).throttling_detected}, + generated_utc:d.generated_utc}], + kem, sig, tls, kem_absent, sig_absent, tls_absent }; +} + +/* short platform tag for legends: "Pi 5" / "M3" style, from the host brand */ +function runTag(r) { + const b = ((MERGED.runs.find(x=>x.run_id===r.run_id)||r).host||{}).cpu_brand || + r.cpu_brand || r.hostname || "?"; + if (/raspberry/i.test(b)) return "Pi 5"; + const m = b.match(/Apple (M\d+(?: \w+)?)/i); + if (m) return m[1]; + const clean = b.replace(/\((R|TM)\)/gi, ""); + const x86 = clean.match(/(Ultra \d+|i\d-\w+|Ryzen \d( \w+)?)/i); + return x86 ? x86[1] : clean.split(/\s+/).slice(0,2).join(" "); +} +function runsOrdered() { // baseline-grade first + return MERGED.runs.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.is_baseline_grade?1:0)-(a.is_baseline_grade?1:0)); +} + +function afterLoad() { + const runs = runsOrdered(); + UI.tlsRun = UI.tlsRun || runs[0].run_id; + UI.lvlRun = UI.lvlRun || runs[0].run_id; + renderRunCards(); + buildPills("phaseFamily", ["X25519MLKEM768","MLKEM768","MLKEM1024"], "phaseFamily"); + buildPills("phaseImpl", TLS_IMPLS, "phaseImpl"); + buildPills("tlsRun", runs.map(r=>({v:r.run_id, t:runTag({run_id:r.run_id})})), "tlsRun"); + buildPills("lvlRun", runs.map(r=>({v:r.run_id, t:runTag({run_id:r.run_id})})), "lvlRun"); + buildPills("lvlImpl", IMPL_ORDER.filter(i=>i!=="openssl"), "lvlImpl"); + buildPills("xKemOp", ["keygen","encaps","decaps"], "xKemOp"); + buildPills("xSigOp", ["keygen","sign","verify"], "xSigOp"); + render(); +} + +function buildPills(elId, items, key) { + const el = $(elId); el.innerHTML = ""; + items.forEach(it => { + const v = typeof it === "string" ? it : it.v; + const t = typeof it === "string" ? it : it.t; + const s = document.createElement("span"); + s.className = "pill" + (UI[key] === v ? " on" : ""); + s.textContent = t; + s.onclick = () => { UI[key] = v; + el.querySelectorAll(".pill").forEach(p=>p.classList.remove("on")); + s.classList.add("on"); render(); }; + el.appendChild(s); + }); +} + +function render() { + if (!MERGED) return; + CHARTS.forEach(c => c.destroy()); CHARTS = []; + phasePanel(); + tlsMatrix(); + clientHello(); + crossImpl("ximpl_kem", MERGED.kem, UI.xKemOp, "KEM — " + UI.xKemOp); + crossImpl("ximpl_sig", MERGED.sig, UI.xSigOp, "Signatures — " + UI.xSigOp); + accelTable(); + levelCharts(); + absencesPanel(); +} + +/* ---- run cards -------------------------------------------------------------- */ +function renderRunCards() { + const el = $("run-cards"); el.innerHTML = ""; + runsOrdered().forEach(r => { + const h = r.host||{}, t = r.toolchain||{}, th = r.thermal_summary||{}; + const good = r.is_baseline_grade; + const card = document.createElement("div"); + card.className = "run-card " + (good ? "good" : "ref"); + const reasons = (r.baseline_grade_reasons||[]).map(x=>`
  • ${x}
    • `).join(""); + card.innerHTML = + `${good ? "✅ baseline-grade (RPi5 reference)" + : "⚠ cross-platform reference — not baseline-grade"}
    ` + + `${h.cpu_brand||"?"} · ${h.os_pretty||h.os||"?"} · ${r.generated_utc||""}` + + (good ? "" : `
    why it doesn't meet the reference bar
      ${reasons}
    `) + + `
    ` + + `flags ${t.cflags_target||"?"}` + + `openssl ${t.openssl||"?"}` + + `liboqs ${(t.liboqs_commit||"").slice(0,8)}` + + `rust ${(t.rust&&t.rust.available)?"✓":"—"}` + + `temp ${th.temp_c?th.temp_c.max+"°C max":"n/a"}${th.throttling_detected?" ⚠":""}` + + `
    `; + el.appendChild(card); + }); +} + +/* ---- TLS phase panel (Pi + Mac side by side) -------------------------------- */ +function tlsCell(rows, rid, impl, group, sig) { + return rows.find(r => r.run_id===rid && r.implementation===impl && + norm(r.group)===norm(group) && norm(r.sig_alg)===norm(sig)); +} +function phaseSteps(family) { + return [ + { name:"baseline", group:"X25519", sig:"ed25519", phase:"baseline" }, + { name:"phase 0", group:family, sig:"ed25519", phase:"phase0" }, + { name:"phase 2 · 44", group:family, sig:"ML-DSA-44", phase:"phase2" }, + { name:"phase 2 · 65", group:family, sig:"ML-DSA-65", phase:"phase2" }, + { name:"phase 2 · 87", group:family, sig:"ML-DSA-87", phase:"phase2" }, + ]; +} +function phasePanel() { + const steps = phaseSteps(UI.phaseFamily); + const runs = runsOrdered(); + const latDs = [], byteDs = [], sums = []; + runs.forEach((run, ri) => { + const tag = runTag({run_id:run.run_id}); + const cells = steps.map(s => tlsCell(MERGED.tls, run.run_id, UI.phaseImpl, s.group, s.sig)); + const base = cells[0]; + const colors = steps.map((s,i) => { + const c = PHASE_COLORS[s.phase]; + return ri === 0 ? c : withAlpha(c, 0.45); + }); + latDs.push({ label:tag, data:cells.map(c=>c?nsToMs(c.median_ns):null), + backgroundColor:colors, borderColor:steps.map(s=>PHASE_COLORS[s.phase]), + borderWidth:ri===0?0:1.5, + _mult: cells.map(c => (c && base) ? c.median_ns/base.median_ns : null) }); + sums.push(cells.map(c => (c && c.primitive_sum_of_medians_ns) + ? nsToMs(c.primitive_sum_of_medians_ns) : null)); + byteDs.push({ label:tag, data:cells.map(c=>c?c.bytes_total:null), + backgroundColor:colors, borderColor:steps.map(s=>PHASE_COLORS[s.phase]), + borderWidth:ri===0?0:1.5, + _mult: cells.map(c => (c && base) ? c.bytes_total/base.bytes_total : null) }); + }); + const labels = steps.map(s=>s.name); + const multFmt = (dsArr) => (v,i,di) => { + const m = ((dsArr[di]||{})._mult||[])[i]; + return m ? `${fmtMs(v)} ×${m.toFixed(2)}` : fmtMs(v); + }; + const anyData = latDs.some(d => d.data.some(v => v != null)); + if (!anyData) { + drawEmpty("phase_latency", `${UI.phaseImpl} has no cells for this family (see absences)`); + drawEmpty("phase_bytes", ""); + return; + } + mkChart("phase_latency", { type:"bar", + data:{ labels, datasets:latDs }, + options:{ responsive:true, plugins:{ + title:{display:true, text:`Handshake latency by phase — ${UI.phaseFamily} · ${UI.phaseImpl}`, color:"#e6e8ee"}, + legend:{labels:{color:"#9aa3b2"}}, + tooltip:{callbacks:{ label:(it)=>`${it.dataset.label}: ${fmtMs(it.raw)} ms`, + afterLabel:(it)=>{ const s=(sums[it.datasetIndex]||[])[it.dataIndex]; + return s?`primitive sum-of-medians: ${fmtMs(s)} ms (derived)`:""; } }} }, + scales:{ x:{ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2"}}, y:linScale("median handshake latency (ms)") } }}, + { stagger:true, formatter: multFmt(latDs), sums }); + mkChart("phase_bytes", { type:"bar", + data:{ labels, datasets:byteDs }, + options:{ responsive:true, plugins:{ + title:{display:true, text:`Bytes on the wire by phase — ${UI.phaseFamily} · ${UI.phaseImpl}`, color:"#e6e8ee"}, + legend:{labels:{color:"#9aa3b2"}}, + tooltip:{callbacks:{label:(it)=>`${it.dataset.label}: ${it.raw.toLocaleString()} B`}} }, + scales:{ x:{ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2"}}, y:linScale("bytes on the wire") } }}, + { stagger:true, formatter:(v,i,di)=>{ const m=((byteDs[di]||{})._mult||[])[i]; + return m?`${(v/1000).toFixed(1)}kB ×${m.toFixed(2)}`:`${(v/1000).toFixed(1)}kB`; } }); +} + +/* ---- TLS full matrix -------------------------------------------------------- */ +function tlsMatrix() { + const rows = MERGED.tls.filter(r => r.run_id === UI.tlsRun); + if (!rows.length) return drawEmpty("tls_hs", "no TLS rows for this run"); + const implRank = (i)=>TLS_IMPLS.indexOf(i); + const phaseRank = {baseline:0, phase0:1, phase2:2}; + const data = rows.slice().sort((a,b)=> implRank(a.implementation)-implRank(b.implementation) + || (phaseRank[a.phase]??3)-(phaseRank[b.phase]??3) + || (b.handshakes_per_sec||0)-(a.handshakes_per_sec||0)); + const labels = data.map(r=>`${r.implementation} · ${r.label}${r.unstable_features?" ᵁ":""}`); + const log = $("tlsLog").checked; + mkChart("tls_hs", { type:"bar", + data:{ labels, datasets:[{ label:"handshakes/sec", + data:data.map(r=>r.handshakes_per_sec), + backgroundColor:data.map(r=>PHASE_COLORS[r.phase]||PQ_COLOR) }] }, + options:{ indexAxis:"y", responsive:true, maintainAspectRatio:false, plugins:{ + title:{display:true,text:`TLS 1.3 handshake throughput — ${runTag({run_id:UI.tlsRun})} (red=baseline, green=phase0, purple=phase2)`,color:"#e6e8ee"}, + legend:{display:false}, + tooltip:{callbacks:{afterLabel:(it)=>{ const r=data[it.dataIndex]; + return `${r.phase} · median ${fmtMs(nsToMs(r.median_ns))} ms` + + (r.unstable_features?" · unstable cargo features":""); }}} }, + scales:{ x: log ? {...logScale("handshakes/sec"), + ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2",callback:(v)=>{const l=Math.log10(v); + return Math.abs(l-Math.round(l))<1e-9?v.toLocaleString():"";}}} + : linScale("handshakes/sec"), + y:{ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2",font:{size:9.5}}} } }}); +} + +function clientHello() { + const rows = MERGED.tls.filter(r => r.run_id === UI.tlsRun); + if (!rows.length) return drawEmpty("tls_chello", "no TLS rows"); + const seen = new Set(); const data = []; + rows.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.client_hello_bytes||0)-(a.client_hello_bytes||0)) + .forEach(r => { const k = r.implementation+"|"+r.group; // CH depends on group+stack, not sig + if (!seen.has(k)) { seen.add(k); data.push(r); } }); + mkChart("tls_chello", { type:"bar", + data:{ labels:data.map(r=>`${r.implementation} · ${r.group}`), + datasets:[{ label:"ClientHello bytes", + data:data.map(r=>r.client_hello_bytes), + backgroundColor:data.map(r=>PHASE_COLORS[r.phase]||PQ_COLOR), + borderColor:data.map(r=>r.client_hello_fragmented?"#ffa94d":"transparent"), + borderWidth:data.map(r=>r.client_hello_fragmented?2:0) }] }, + options:{ indexAxis:"y", responsive:true, maintainAspectRatio:false, plugins:{ + title:{display:true,text:`ClientHello size — ${runTag({run_id:UI.tlsRun})} (orange border = exceeds ~1400B MSS → fragments)`,color:"#e6e8ee"}, + legend:{display:false}, + annotation:{ annotations:{ mss:{ type:"line", xMin:1400, xMax:1400, + borderColor:"#d98b2b", borderWidth:1, borderDash:[4,4], + label:{display:true,content:"~MSS 1400B",position:"start",backgroundColor:"#d98b2b",font:{size:9}} } } } }, + scales:{ x:linScale("bytes"), y:{ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2",font:{size:9.5}}} } }}); +} + +/* ---- cross-implementation primitives (Pi + Mac side by side) ---------------- */ +function crossImpl(canvasId, rows, op, title) { + const runs = runsOrdered(); + // algorithms measured by >=2 implementations (for this op) + const byAlg = {}; + rows.forEach(r => { if (r.operation===op) + (byAlg[r.alg] = byAlg[r.alg] || new Set()).add(r.implementation); }); + const algs = Object.keys(byAlg).filter(a => byAlg[a].size >= 2) + .sort((a,b)=>a.localeCompare(b, undefined, {numeric:true})); + if (!algs.length) return drawEmpty(canvasId, `${title}: no multi-implementation rows`); + const log = $("xLog").checked; + const datasets = []; + IMPL_ORDER.forEach(impl => { + runs.forEach((run, ri) => { + const cells = algs.map(a => rows.find(r => r.run_id===run.run_id && + r.implementation===impl && r.alg===a && r.operation===op) || null); + if (!cells.some(c=>c)) return; + const alpha = ri===0 ? 1 : 0.45; + datasets.push({ + label:`${impl} (${runTag({run_id:run.run_id})})`, + data:cells.map(c=>c?nsToMs(c.median_ns):null), + backgroundColor:cells.map(c=>{ + if (!c) return "transparent"; + const asm = /asm|native|internal/i.test(((c.acceleration||{}).arithmetic||{}).path||""); + const col = IMPL_COLORS[impl]||PQ_COLOR; + return asm ? (ri===0?col:withAlpha(col,alpha)) : hatch(col, alpha); + }), + borderColor:IMPL_COLORS[impl], borderWidth:ri===0?0:1.5, + _cells:cells }); + }); + }); + mkChart(canvasId, { type:"bar", + data:{ labels:algs, datasets }, + options:{ responsive:true, plugins:{ + title:{display:true,text:`${title} — median latency (independent implementations)`,color:"#e6e8ee"}, + legend:{labels:{color:"#9aa3b2", font:{size:10.5}}}, + tooltip:{callbacks:{ + label:(it)=>`${it.dataset.label}: ${fmtMs(it.raw)} ms`, + afterLabel:(it)=>{ + const c = (it.dataset._cells||[])[it.dataIndex]; + if (!c || !c.acceleration) return ""; + const a = c.acceleration, ar = a.arithmetic||{}, sy = (a.symmetric||[])[0]; + return [`arithmetic: ${ar.path}${ar.detail?" — "+ar.detail:""}`, + sy?`symmetric: ${sy.primitive} via ${sy.source}${sy.hw_instructions?" (hw)":""}`:"", + `determined by: ${a.determined_by}`].filter(Boolean).join("\n"); + } }} }, + scales:{ x:{ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2",maxRotation:50,minRotation:35,font:{size:10.5}}}, + y: log ? logScale("median latency") : linScale("median latency (ms)") } }}); +} + +/* the always-visible acceleration table (authoritative; hatching is secondary) */ +function accelTable() { + const runs = runsOrdered(); + const fams = {}; + const famOf = (alg) => alg + .replace(/^ML-KEM-\d+$/, "ML-KEM").replace(/^ML-DSA-\d+$/, "ML-DSA") + .replace(/^SLH_DSA_PURE_(SHA2|SHAKE)_.*$/, "SLH-DSA-$1") + .replace(/^SPHINCS\+-(SHA2|SHAKE)-.*$/, "SPHINCS+-$1") + .replace(/^Falcon-\d+$/, "Falcon") + .replace(/^FrodoKEM-\d+-(AES|SHAKE)$/, "FrodoKEM-$1") + .replace(/^Classic-McEliece-.*$/, "Classic-McEliece"); + [...MERGED.kem, ...MERGED.sig].forEach(r => { + if (!r.acceleration) return; + const key = famOf(r.alg) + "|" + r.implementation; + const f = fams[key] = fams[key] || + { fam:famOf(r.alg), impl:r.implementation, byRun:{} }; + f.byRun[r.run_id] = r.acceleration; + }); + const implRank = (i)=>IMPL_ORDER.indexOf(i); + const list = Object.values(fams).sort((a,b)=> + a.fam.localeCompare(b.fam) || implRank(a.impl)-implRank(b.impl)); + const hwMark = (acc) => { + const sy = ((acc||{}).symmetric||[])[0]; + if (!sy) return "—"; + return sy.hw_instructions ? "✓ hw" : (sy.hw_instructions===false ? "✗" : "?"); + }; + let html = ` + ${runs.map(r=>``).join("")}`; + list.forEach(f => { + const any = Object.values(f.byRun)[0] || {}; + const ar = any.arithmetic||{}; + const sy = (any.symmetric||[])[0]; + const asm = /asm|native|internal/i.test(ar.path||""); + html += `` + + `` + + `` + + runs.map(r=>``).join("") + ``; + }); + $("accel-table").innerHTML = html + "
    algorithmimplementationarithmetic pathsymmetric pathhw instr (${runTag({run_id:r.run_id})})
    ${f.fam}${f.impl}${ar.path||"?"}${ar.detail?` ⓘ`:""}${sy ? `${sy.primitive} — ${sy.source}` : "none"}${hwMark(f.byRun[r.run_id])}
    "; +} + +/* ---- security-level charts (preserved from the original dashboard) ---------- */ +function levelCharts() { + // classical anchor rows come from the matching implementation family: + // liboqs charts anchor on the openssl EVP baselines (the C stack), the Rust + // and aws-lc-rs charts anchor on their own in-family classical rows. + const anchorImpl = UI.lvlImpl === "liboqs" ? "openssl" : UI.lvlImpl; + const filt = (rows) => rows.filter(r => r.run_id === UI.lvlRun && + (r.implementation === UI.lvlImpl || (r.classical && r.implementation === anchorImpl))); + const kem = filt(MERGED.kem), sig = filt(MERGED.sig); + const log = $("lvlLog").checked; + barByLevel("kem_keygen", kem, "keygen", "KEM keygen — median latency", log); + barByLevel("kem_encaps", kem, "encaps", "KEM encaps — median latency", log, "derive"); + barByLevel("kem_decaps", kem, "decaps", "KEM decaps — median latency", log, "derive"); + scatter("kem_scatter", kem, "encaps", "public_key", "KEM size vs speed (encaps)", "public key (B)"); + barByLevel("sig_sign", sig, "sign", "Signature sign — median latency", log); + barByLevel("sig_verify", sig, "verify", "Signature verify — median latency", log); + scatter("sig_scatter", sig, "sign", "signature", "Signature size vs speed (sign)", "signature (B)", true); +} + +function baselineAnnotation(value, label) { + if (value == null) return {}; + return { annotations: { base: { + type:"line", yMin:value, yMax:value, borderColor:BASE_COLOR, + borderWidth:2, borderDash:[6,4], + label:{ display:true, content:label, position:"end", + backgroundColor:BASE_COLOR, font:{size:10} } } } }; +} + +function barByLevel(canvasId, rows, op, title, logY, baselineOp = op) { + const data = rows.filter(r => r.operation === op) + .sort((a,b)=>(a.nist_level||0)-(b.nist_level||0) || a.median_ns-b.median_ns); + if (!data.length) return drawEmpty(canvasId, `${title}: no rows for this implementation`); + /* Baseline reference: the classical row for baselineOp. KEM encaps/decaps map + * to the X25519 key-agreement (derive) timing. */ + const base = rows.find(r => r.classical && r.operation === baselineOp); + mkChart(canvasId, { + type:"bar", + data:{ labels:data.map(r=>r.alg), + datasets:[{ label:title, + data:data.map(r=>nsToMs(r.median_ns)), + backgroundColor:data.map(r=> r.classical?BASE_COLOR:(LEVEL_COLORS[r.nist_level]||PQ_COLOR)) }] }, + options:{ responsive:true, plugins:{ + title:{display:true,text:title,color:"#e6e8ee"}, + legend:{display:false}, + tooltip:{callbacks:{ + label:(it)=>`median ${it.raw.toFixed(4)} ms (${Math.round(it.raw*1e6).toLocaleString()} ns)`, + afterLabel:(it)=>{ + const r=data[it.dataIndex]; return `NIST L${r.nist_level} · ${r.classical?"classical baseline":"PQ"}`; }}}, + annotation: base ? baselineAnnotation(nsToMs(base.median_ns), + baselineOp === op ? `baseline ${base.alg}` : `baseline ${base.alg} ${base.operation}`) : {} }, + scales:{ x:{ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2",maxRotation:50,minRotation:40,font:{size:10.5}}}, + y: logY ? logScale("median latency") : linScale("median latency (ms)") } }}, + { formatter:(v)=>fmtMs(v) }); +} + +function scatter(canvasId, rows, op, sizeKey, title, xlabel, logX = false) { + const data = rows.filter(r => r.operation === op && r.sizes && r.sizes[sizeKey]); + if (!data.length) return drawEmpty(canvasId, title); + const pts = data.map(r => ({ x:r.sizes[sizeKey], y:nsToMs(r.median_ns), alg:r.alg, classical:r.classical })); + mkChart(canvasId, { + type:"scatter", + data:{ datasets:[{ label:title, data:pts, pointRadius:6, + backgroundColor:pts.map(p=>p.classical?BASE_COLOR:PQ_COLOR) }] }, + options:{ responsive:true, plugins:{ + title:{display:true,text:title,color:"#e6e8ee"}, legend:{display:false}, + tooltip:{callbacks:{label:(it)=>`${it.raw.alg}: ${it.raw.x} B, ${it.raw.y.toFixed(3)} ms`}} }, + scales:{ x: logX ? {type:"logarithmic",title:{display:true,text:`${xlabel} (log)`,color:"#9aa3b2"},ticks:{color:"#9aa3b2"}} + : linScale(xlabel), + y: logScale("median latency") } }}); +} + +/* ---- absences --------------------------------------------------------------- */ +function absencesPanel() { + const el = $("absences"); el.innerHTML = ""; + const seen = new Set(); const items = []; + const add = (kind, label, impl, reason, phase) => { + const k = kind+impl+label+reason; + if (seen.has(k)) return; seen.add(k); + items.push({kind,label,impl,reason,phase}); + }; + (MERGED.tls_absent||[]).forEach(a=>add("TLS", a.label, a.implementation, a.reason, a.phase)); + (MERGED.kem_absent||[]).forEach(a=>add("KEM", a.alg, a.implementation, a.reason, "")); + (MERGED.sig_absent||[]).forEach(a=>add("SIG", a.alg, a.implementation, a.reason, "")); + // the substantive finding first + items.sort((a,b)=>(/SLH-DSA/i.test(b.reason)?1:0)-(/SLH-DSA/i.test(a.reason)?1:0)); + if (!items.length) { el.innerHTML = '
    none
    '; return; } + items.forEach(it => { + const d = document.createElement("div"); + d.className = "absence"; + d.innerHTML = `${it.impl}${it.kind} · ${it.label}` + + (it.phase?` ${it.phase}`:"") + + `
    ${it.reason}`; + el.appendChild(d); + }); +} + +/* ---- helpers ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ +function mkChart(canvasId, cfg, extras) { + const ctx = $(canvasId).getContext("2d"); + const c = new Chart(ctx, cfg); + if (extras) c.$pqb = extras; + try { c.draw(); } catch (e) { + console.error("chart failed:", canvasId, e); + if (window.onerror) window.onerror(`chart ${canvasId}: ${e.message}`, "app.js", 0, 0, e); + } + CHARTS.push(c); +} +function drawEmpty(canvasId, msg) { + const c = $(canvasId); const ctx = c.getContext("2d"); + ctx.clearRect(0,0,c.width,c.height); + ctx.fillStyle = "#9aa3b2"; ctx.font = "13px sans-serif"; ctx.textAlign="center"; + ctx.fillText(msg, c.width/2, c.height/2); +} +function showEmpty(html) { + document.querySelector("main").innerHTML = `
    ${html}
    `; +} + +boot(); diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6167dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json @@ -0,0 +1,30219 @@ +{ + "merged_schema": "2.0.0", + "n_runs": 4, + "runs": [ + { + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "host": { + "hostname": "rasberrypi5", + "os": "linux", + "os_pretty": "Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)", + "arch": "aarch64", + "kernel": "6.18.33+rpt-rpi-2712", + "is_rpi": true, + "rpi_model": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", + "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", + "ncpu": 4, + "ram_bytes": 8454029312 + }, + "is_baseline_grade": true, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [], + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "cc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0", + "bench_cflags": "-O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76", + "cflags_target": "cortex-a76", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_COMPILE_BUILD_TARGET aarch64-Linux-6.18.33+rpt-rpi-2712;ARCH_ARM64v8 1;OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;OQS_USE_ARM_AES_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA2_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.6", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=cortex-a76", + "target_features_compiled": [ + "aes", + "crc", + "dotprod", + "dpb", + "fp16", + "lor", + "lse", + "neon", + "pan", + "pmuv3", + "ras", + "rcpc", + "rdm", + "sha2", + "ssbs", + "vh" + ], + "cpu_features_runtime": { + "neon": true, + "aes": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": false + }, + "crate_versions": { + "ml-kem": "0.3.2", + "ml-dsa": "0.1.1", + "slh-dsa": "0.2.0-rc.5", + "x25519-dalek": "3.0.0", + "ed25519-dalek": "3.0.0" + }, + "signing_mode": "hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA", + "verify_semantics": "verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=cortex-a76", + "crate_versions": { + "rustls": "0.23.42", + "rustls-post-quantum": "0.2.4", + "aws-lc-rs": "1.17.3", + "aws-lc-sys": "0.43.0" + }, + "unstable_features": [ + "rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable (ML-DSA signing + webpki verification)" + ], + "note": "rustls-vs-OpenSSL compares two protocol implementations AND two crypto backends (aws-lc-rs vs OpenSSL native) at once; the variables are not separable from these rows and this is not a language comparison. aws-lc-rs wraps the AWS-LC C library - this TLS group makes no pure-Rust/independence claim (unlike bench/rust)." + } + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "/proc/cpuinfo", + "neon": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": false, + "sha512": false, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-20T14:32:39Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "duration_s": 1716, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "performance", + "governor_after": "performance", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": true, + "taskset_cmd": "taskset -c 3", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + "max_iters": 20000, + "warmup_iters": null, + "timed_iters": null, + "repetitions": 5, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "PMCCNTR_EL0 traps (kernel module not loaded; needs e.g. enable_arm_pmu)" + }, + "thermal_summary": { + "temp_c": { + "min": 56.5, + "max": 67.5, + "mean": 61.626, + "samples": 1683 + }, + "throttling_detected": false + }, + "generated_utc": "2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json" + }, + { + "run_id": "mehmetmac/Apple M3@2026-07-19T23:25:49Z", + "host": { + "hostname": "mehmetmac", + "os": "macos", + "os_pretty": "macOS 26.3.1 (25D771280a)", + "arch": "arm64", + "kernel": "25.3.0", + "is_rpi": false, + "rpi_model": "", + "cpu_brand": "Apple M3", + "ncpu": 8, + "ram_bytes": 17179869184 + }, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [ + "host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='', os=macos)", + "CPU governor is 'unavailable', not 'performance'", + "benchmark was not pinned to a dedicated core (no taskset)", + "build flags targeted 'apple-m3', not cortex-a76" + ], + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "Apple clang version 17.0.0 (clang-1700.6.4.2)", + "bench_cflags": "-O3 -mcpu=native", + "cflags_target": "apple-m3", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_COMPILE_BUILD_TARGET arm64-Darwin-25.3.0;ARCH_ARM64v8 1;OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;OQS_USE_ARM_AES_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA2_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA3_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.7", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.93.0 (254b59607 2026-01-19)", + "target": "aarch64-apple-darwin", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=native", + "target_features_compiled": [ + "aes", + "bf16", + "bti", + "crc", + "dit", + "dotprod", + "dpb", + "dpb2", + "fcma", + "fhm", + "flagm", + "fp16", + "frintts", + "i8mm", + "jsconv", + "lor", + "lse", + "neon", + "paca", + "pacg", + "pan", + "pmuv3", + "ras", + "rcpc", + "rcpc2", + "rdm", + "sb", + "sha2", + "sha3", + "ssbs", + "vh" + ], + "cpu_features_runtime": { + "neon": true, + "aes": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": true + }, + "crate_versions": { + "ml-kem": "0.3.2", + "ml-dsa": "0.1.1", + "slh-dsa": "0.2.0-rc.5", + "x25519-dalek": "3.0.0", + "ed25519-dalek": "3.0.0" + }, + "signing_mode": "hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA", + "verify_semantics": "verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.93.0 (254b59607 2026-01-19)", + "target": "aarch64-apple-darwin", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=native", + "crate_versions": { + "rustls": "0.23.42", + "rustls-post-quantum": "0.2.4", + "aws-lc-rs": "1.17.3", + "aws-lc-sys": "0.43.0" + }, + "unstable_features": [ + "rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable (ML-DSA signing + webpki verification)" + ], + "note": "rustls-vs-OpenSSL compares two protocol implementations AND two crypto backends (aws-lc-rs vs OpenSSL native) at once; the variables are not separable from these rows and this is not a language comparison. aws-lc-rs wraps the AWS-LC C library - this TLS group makes no pure-Rust/independence claim (unlike bench/rust)." + } + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "sysctl", + "neon": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": true, + "sha512": true, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-19T22:49:37Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-19T23:25:49Z", + "duration_s": 2172, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "unavailable", + "governor_after": "unavailable", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": false, + "taskset_cmd": "", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + "max_iters": 20000, + "warmup_iters": null, + "timed_iters": null, + "repetitions": 5, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "PMCCNTR_EL0 traps (kernel module not loaded; needs e.g. enable_arm_pmu)" + }, + "thermal_summary": { + "temp_c": null, + "throttling_detected": false + }, + "generated_utc": "2026-07-19T23:25:49Z", + "source_file": "mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json" + }, + { + "run_id": "Mac/Apple M4 Pro@2026-07-30T14:10:03Z", + "host": { + "hostname": "Mac", + "os": "macos", + "os_pretty": "macOS 26.6 (25G72)", + "arch": "arm64", + "kernel": "25.6.0", + "is_rpi": false, + "rpi_model": "", + "cpu_brand": "Apple M4 Pro", + "ncpu": 14, + "ram_bytes": 51539607552 + }, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [ + "host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='', os=macos)", + "CPU governor is 'unavailable', not 'performance'", + "benchmark was not pinned to a dedicated core (no taskset)", + "build flags targeted 'apple-m4-pro', not cortex-a76" + ], + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "Apple clang version 21.0.0 (clang-2100.1.1.101)", + "bench_cflags": "-O3 -mcpu=native", + "cflags_target": "apple-m4-pro", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_COMPILE_BUILD_TARGET arm64-Darwin-25.5.0;ARCH_ARM64v8 1;OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;OQS_USE_ARM_AES_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA2_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA3_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.7", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-apple-darwin", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=native", + "target_features_compiled": [ + "aes", + "bf16", + "bti", + "crc", + "dit", + "dotprod", + "dpb", + "dpb2", + "fcma", + "fhm", + "flagm", + "fp16", + "frintts", + "i8mm", + "jsconv", + "lor", + "lse", + "neon", + "paca", + "pacg", + "pan", + "pmuv3", + "ras", + "rcpc", + "rcpc2", + "rdm", + "sb", + "sha2", + "sha3", + "ssbs", + "vh" + ], + "cpu_features_runtime": { + "neon": true, + "aes": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": true + }, + "crate_versions": { + "ml-kem": "0.3.2", + "ml-dsa": "0.1.1", + "slh-dsa": "0.2.0-rc.5", + "x25519-dalek": "3.0.0", + "ed25519-dalek": "3.0.0" + }, + "signing_mode": "hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA", + "verify_semantics": "verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-apple-darwin", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=native", + "crate_versions": { + "rustls": "0.23.42", + "rustls-post-quantum": "0.2.4", + "aws-lc-rs": "1.17.3", + "aws-lc-sys": "0.43.0" + }, + "unstable_features": [ + "rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable (ML-DSA signing + webpki verification)" + ], + "note": "rustls-vs-OpenSSL compares two protocol implementations AND two crypto backends (aws-lc-rs vs OpenSSL native) at once; the variables are not separable from these rows and this is not a language comparison. aws-lc-rs wraps the AWS-LC C library - this TLS group makes no pure-Rust/independence claim (unlike bench/rust)." + } + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "sysctl", + "neon": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": true, + "sha512": true, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-30T13:49:51Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-30T14:10:03Z", + "duration_s": 1212, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "unavailable", + "governor_after": "unavailable", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": false, + "taskset_cmd": "", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + "max_iters": 20000, + "warmup_iters": null, + "timed_iters": null, + "repetitions": 5, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "PMCCNTR_EL0 traps (kernel module not loaded; needs e.g. enable_arm_pmu)" + }, + "thermal_summary": { + "temp_c": null, + "throttling_detected": false + }, + "generated_utc": "2026-07-30T14:10:03Z", + "source_file": "Mac-20260730T134951Z.json" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "host": { + "hostname": "fedora", + "os": "linux", + "os_pretty": "Fedora Linux 44 (Sway)", + "arch": "x86_64", + "kernel": "7.1.5-200.fc44.x86_64", + "is_rpi": false, + "rpi_model": "", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "ncpu": 24, + "ram_bytes": 269642162176 + }, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [ + "host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='', os=linux)", + "build flags targeted 'generic-fallback', not cortex-a76" + ], + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "cc (GCC) 16.1.1 20260515 (Red Hat 16.1.1-2)", + "bench_cflags": "-O3", + "cflags_target": "generic-fallback", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.7", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "", + "target_features_compiled": [ + "fxsr", + "sse", + "sse2" + ], + "cpu_features_runtime": null, + "crate_versions": { + "ml-kem": "0.3.2", + "ml-dsa": "0.1.1", + "slh-dsa": "0.2.0-rc.5", + "x25519-dalek": "3.0.0", + "ed25519-dalek": "3.0.0" + }, + "signing_mode": "hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA", + "verify_semantics": "verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "", + "crate_versions": { + "rustls": "0.23.42", + "rustls-post-quantum": "0.2.4", + "aws-lc-rs": "1.17.3", + "aws-lc-sys": "0.43.0" + }, + "unstable_features": [ + "rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable (ML-DSA signing + webpki verification)" + ], + "note": "rustls-vs-OpenSSL compares two protocol implementations AND two crypto backends (aws-lc-rs vs OpenSSL native) at once; the variables are not separable from these rows and this is not a language comparison. aws-lc-rs wraps the AWS-LC C library - this TLS group makes no pure-Rust/independence claim (unlike bench/rust)." + } + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "/proc/cpuinfo (flags, x86)", + "neon": false, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": false, + "sha512": false, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-30T12:06:37Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "duration_s": 394, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "performance", + "governor_after": "performance", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": true, + "taskset_cmd": "taskset -c 3", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + "max_iters": 20000, + "warmup_iters": null, + "timed_iters": null, + "repetitions": 5, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "not aarch64" + }, + 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"fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "unstable_features": false, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "unstable_features": false, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "unstable_features": false, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "unstable_features": false, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "run_id": "fedora/Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX@2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "hostname": "fedora", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "is_rpi": false, + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "source_file": "fedora-20260730T120637Z.json", + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "reason": "SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely; native OpenSSL cannot negotiate it either (TLS codepoints still draft) - across both production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental oqs-provider" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fe347a --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ + + + + + +PQ Benchmark — RPi5 baseline + + + + + + +
    +

    Post-Quantum Crypto Benchmark Raspberry Pi 5 baseline

    +

    Migration cost: moving from what Logos uses today + (X25519 + Ed25519) to PQ candidates, on validator-grade hardware — measured + across independent implementations (liboqs, RustCrypto, aws-lc-rs) and three + TLS stacks (OpenSSL-native, oqs-provider, rustls), by migration phase.

    +
    + +
    + +
    + + +
    + +
    +

    TLS 1.3 — the migration phases baseline → phase 0 (hybrid KEM, classical sig) → phase 2 (PQ sig)

    +
    + Group family: + Stack: +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    ◆ marker on latency bars = sum of the primitive-operation + medians that one handshake performs (KEM keygen+encaps+decaps + sign + + 2×verify, hybrids counting both components) — a derived figure, not a + measured latency; the gap between the marker and the bar is protocol + overhead. ×N labels are multipliers vs that platform's classical baseline.

    + +

    Full handshake matrix colored by phase, banded by stack; ᵁ = rides unstable cargo features

    +
    Run: +
    +
    +
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    + +

    Primitives — same algorithm, independent implementations

    +
    + KEM op: + Signature op: + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Only algorithms measured by ≥2 implementations appear here. + Falcon, Classic McEliece and FrodoKEM exist only in liboqs (no mature + pure-Rust implementation — itself a finding); see the security-level charts + below. Solid bars = hand-written asm / native code path; hatched = portable + code (secondary cue — the table is authoritative).

    +
    + +

    Primitives by security level classical baseline drawn on every chart

    +
    + Run: + Implementation: + +
    +
    +
    +
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    +
    +
    + +

    Findings: deliberate absences disabled rows are results, not gaps

    +
    +
    + +
    +

    Generated by pq-bench-rpi5. Only runs whose card says + baseline-grade meet the reference bar (real Pi 5 · performance + governor · core-pinned · cortex-a76 flags · no throttling); the Mac run is a + deliberate cross-platform reference, shown and labelled — not hidden.

    +
    + + + + diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/style.css b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/style.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e27b71 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/style.css @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +:root { + --bg:#0f1115; --panel:#181b22; --ink:#e6e8ee; --muted:#9aa3b2; + --accent:#3bd67a; --base:#e0533d; --pq:#3a7bff; --line:#2a2f3a; +} +* { box-sizing:border-box; } +body { margin:0; font:15px/1.5 -apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,sans-serif; + background:var(--bg); color:var(--ink); } +header { padding:24px 28px 8px; } +h1 { margin:0; font-size:22px; } +h1 .sub, h2 .sub { color:var(--muted); font-weight:400; font-size:0.7em; } +.framing { color:var(--muted); max-width:760px; } +h2 { margin:30px 28px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); padding-bottom:6px; } + +#controls { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:18px; align-items:center; + padding:12px 28px; background:var(--panel); margin:8px 0; } +#controls label { color:var(--muted); font-size:14px; } +#controls .hint { font-size:12px; opacity:.7; } +select, input[type=file] { color:var(--ink); background:#0c0e12; + border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:6px; padding:4px 6px; } + +#quality-banner { margin:8px 28px; padding:12px 16px; border-radius:8px; font-weight:600; } +.banner-good { background:#12331f; border:1px solid #1f7a44; color:#7df0a8; } +.banner-warn { background:#3a2410; border:1px solid #aa6a1f; color:#ffce8a; } +.banner-warn ul { font-weight:400; margin:6px 0 0; color:#ffd9a8; } + +#env-summary { margin:0 28px 8px; color:var(--muted); font-size:13px; + display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:6px 18px; } +#env-summary b { color:var(--ink); } +#env-summary .chip { background:var(--panel); padding:3px 9px; border-radius:20px; + border:1px solid var(--line); } + +.chart-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(420px,1fr)); + gap:18px; padding:14px 28px; } +figure { margin:0; background:var(--panel); border:1px solid var(--line); + border-radius:10px; padding:12px; min-height:320px; } +canvas { max-height:340px; } + +footer { color:var(--muted); font-size:12px; padding:18px 28px 40px; max-width:820px; } +code { background:#0c0e12; padding:1px 5px; border-radius:4px; } +.empty { color:var(--muted); padding:30px; text-align:center; } + +/* ---- multi-implementation / phase views (stage-6 dashboard) ---------------- */ +h3 { margin:22px 28px 4px; color:var(--ink); font-size:16px; } +h3 .sub { color:var(--muted); font-weight:400; font-size:0.8em; } + +#run-cards { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:12px; padding:10px 28px; } +.run-card { flex:1 1 380px; background:var(--panel); border-radius:10px; + padding:12px 16px; font-size:13px; color:var(--muted); } +.run-card.good { border:1px solid #1f7a44; } +.run-card.ref { border:1px solid #aa6a1f; } +.run-card b { color:var(--ink); } +.run-card .tag { display:inline-block; padding:2px 9px; border-radius:20px; + font-weight:600; margin-bottom:6px; } +.run-card.good .tag { background:#12331f; color:#7df0a8; } +.run-card.ref .tag { background:#3a2410; color:#ffce8a; } +.run-card details { margin-top:6px; } +.run-card summary { cursor:pointer; color:#ffce8a; } +.run-card .chips { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:4px 10px; margin-top:6px; } +.run-card .chip { background:#0c0e12; padding:2px 8px; border-radius:14px; + border:1px solid var(--line); } + +.viewbar { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; gap:8px 14px; + margin:6px 28px 0; color:var(--muted); font-size:13px; } +.pills { display:inline-flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:6px; } +.pill { cursor:pointer; padding:3px 12px; border-radius:20px; font-size:13px; + border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--panel); color:var(--muted); } +.pill.on { background:#1d3a6e; border-color:var(--pq); color:var(--ink); } +.toggle { color:var(--muted); font-size:13px; } + +.note { color:var(--muted); font-size:12.5px; margin:2px 28px 8px; max-width:900px; } +.note b { color:var(--ink); } + +figure.tall { min-height:640px; } +figure.tall canvas { max-height:660px; } + +#accel-table { margin:6px 28px 10px; overflow-x:auto; } +#accel-table table { border-collapse:collapse; font-size:12.5px; width:100%; } +#accel-table th, #accel-table td { text-align:left; padding:5px 12px; + border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--muted); } +#accel-table th { color:var(--ink); position:sticky; top:0; background:var(--bg); } +#accel-table td.alg { color:var(--ink); } +#accel-table .asm { color:#7df0a8; } +#accel-table .portable { color:#ffce8a; } + +#absences { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(360px,1fr)); + gap:12px; padding:12px 28px; } +.absence { background:var(--panel); border:1px dashed #aa6a1f; border-radius:10px; + padding:12px 14px; font-size:13px; color:var(--muted); } +.absence b { color:#ffce8a; } +.absence .impl { font-size:11.5px; color:var(--ink); background:#0c0e12; + border-radius:12px; padding:1px 8px; margin-right:6px; } diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/.gitkeep b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/.gitkeep new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b5ba13 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json @@ -0,0 +1,18519 @@ +{ + "schema_version": "2.0.0", + "tool_version": "0.2.0", + "generated_utc": "2026-07-30T14:10:03Z", + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [ + "host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='', os=macos)", + "CPU governor is 'unavailable', not 'performance'", + "benchmark was not pinned to a dedicated core (no taskset)", + "build flags targeted 'apple-m4-pro', not cortex-a76" + ], + "host": { + "hostname": "Mac", + "os": "macos", + "os_pretty": "macOS 26.6 (25G72)", + "arch": "arm64", + "kernel": "25.6.0", + "is_rpi": false, + "rpi_model": "", + "cpu_brand": "Apple M4 Pro", + "ncpu": 14, + "ram_bytes": 51539607552 + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "sysctl", + "neon": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": true, + "sha512": true, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-30T13:49:51Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-30T14:10:03Z", + "duration_s": 1212, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "unavailable", + "governor_after": "unavailable", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": false, + "taskset_cmd": "", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + "max_iters": 20000, + "warmup_iters": null, + "timed_iters": null, + "repetitions": 5, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "PMCCNTR_EL0 traps (kernel module not loaded; needs e.g. enable_arm_pmu)" + }, + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "Apple clang version 21.0.0 (clang-2100.1.1.101)", + "bench_cflags": "-O3 -mcpu=native", + "cflags_target": "apple-m4-pro", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_COMPILE_BUILD_TARGET arm64-Darwin-25.5.0;ARCH_ARM64v8 1;OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;OQS_USE_ARM_AES_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA2_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA3_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.7", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-apple-darwin", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=native", + "target_features_compiled": [ + "aes", + "bf16", + "bti", + "crc", + "dit", + "dotprod", + "dpb", + "dpb2", + "fcma", + "fhm", + "flagm", + "fp16", + "frintts", + "i8mm", + "jsconv", + "lor", + "lse", + "neon", + "paca", + "pacg", + "pan", + "pmuv3", + "ras", + "rcpc", + "rcpc2", + "rdm", + "sb", + "sha2", + "sha3", + "ssbs", + "vh" + ], + "cpu_features_runtime": { + "neon": true, + "aes": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": true + }, + "crate_versions": { + "ml-kem": "0.3.2", + "ml-dsa": "0.1.1", + "slh-dsa": "0.2.0-rc.5", + "x25519-dalek": "3.0.0", + "ed25519-dalek": "3.0.0" + }, + "signing_mode": "hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA", + "verify_semantics": "verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-apple-darwin", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=native", + "crate_versions": { + "rustls": "0.23.42", + "rustls-post-quantum": 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"sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 4, + "timed_iters": 30, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 12780333.33, + "samples": 150, + "median": 12662000.0, + "mad": 120000.0, + "iqr": 255500.0, + "q1": 12504750.0, + "q3": 12760250.0, + "min": 12147000.0, + "max": 13510000.0, + "mean": 12633533.33, + "stddev": 219637.21, + "ops_per_sec": 78.98, + "per_rep_median": [ + 12682500.0, + 12633000.0, + 12705000.0, + 12601000.0, + 12734000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 151, + "timed_iters": 753, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 331952.76, + "samples": 3765, + "median": 332000.0, + "mad": 9000.0, + "iqr": 19000.0, + "q1": 322000.0, + "q3": 341000.0, + "min": 315000.0, + "max": 430000.0, + "mean": 332290.84, + "stddev": 12067.17, + "ops_per_sec": 3012.05, + "per_rep_median": [ + 329000.0, + 329000.0, + 336000.0, + 331000.0, + 334000.0 + ] + }, + "verify_cached_key": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 150, + "timed_iters": 752, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 332417.32, + "samples": 3760, + "median": 333000.0, + "mad": 10000.0, + "iqr": 20000.0, + "q1": 323000.0, + "q3": 343000.0, + "min": 315000.0, + "max": 691000.0, + "mean": 334817.55, + "stddev": 16951.45, + "ops_per_sec": 3003.0, + "per_rep_median": [ + 332000.0, + 336000.0, + 334000.0, + 331000.0, + 334000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 13589000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "portable-rust", + "detail": "no hand-written asm / explicit SIMD; compiler autovectorisation only" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "sha2", + "source": "rust sha2 crate (cpufeatures runtime dispatch)", + "hw_instructions": true, + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "Ed25519", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "classical": true, + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 1, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 32, + "secret_key": 32, + "signature": 64 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 8816, + "timed_iters": 20000, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 5671.71, + "samples": 100000, + "median": 6000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 5000.0, + "q3": 6000.0, + "min": 4000.0, + "max": 29000.0, + "mean": 5565.43, + "stddev": 585.87, + "ops_per_sec": 166666.67, + "per_rep_median": [ + 6000.0, + 6000.0, + 6000.0, + 6000.0, + 6000.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 12186, + "timed_iters": 20000, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 4103.16, + "samples": 100000, + "median": 4000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 4000.0, + "q3": 4000.0, + "min": 3000.0, + "max": 25000.0, + "mean": 4121.86, + "stddev": 497.49, + "ops_per_sec": 250000.0, + "per_rep_median": [ + 4000.0, + 4000.0, + 4000.0, + 4000.0, + 4000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 2757, + "timed_iters": 13786, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 18133.85, + "samples": 68930, + "median": 18000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 18000.0, + "q3": 19000.0, + "min": 16000.0, + "max": 129000.0, + "mean": 18373.58, + "stddev": 1183.71, + "ops_per_sec": 55555.56, + "per_rep_median": [ + 18000.0, + 18000.0, + 18000.0, + 18000.0, + 18000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 28000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 2, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 1312, + "signature": 2420 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 3484, + "timed_iters": 17419, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 14352.38, + "samples": 87095, + "median": 15000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 14000.0, + "q3": 15000.0, + "min": 12000.0, + "max": 101000.0, + "mean": 14438.73, + "stddev": 1009.63, + "ops_per_sec": 66666.67, + "per_rep_median": [ + 15000.0, + 15000.0, + 15000.0, + 15000.0, + 15000.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1182, + "timed_iters": 5910, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 42300.1, + "samples": 29550, + "median": 33000.0, + "mad": 13000.0, + "iqr": 27000.0, + "q1": 24000.0, + "q3": 51000.0, + "min": 17000.0, + "max": 306000.0, + "mean": 40993.87, + "stddev": 24344.51, + "ops_per_sec": 30303.03, + "per_rep_median": [ + 33000.0, + 33000.0, + 33000.0, + 33000.0, + 34000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 4179, + "timed_iters": 20000, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 11965.81, + "samples": 100000, + "median": 12000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 12000.0, + "q3": 13000.0, + "min": 10000.0, + "max": 65000.0, + "mean": 12165.27, + "stddev": 1159.0, + "ops_per_sec": 83333.33, + "per_rep_median": [ + 12000.0, + 12000.0, + 12000.0, + 12000.0, + 12000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 60000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 3, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 1952, + "signature": 3309 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 2114, + "timed_iters": 10570, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 23652.66, + "samples": 52850, + "median": 24000.0, + "mad": 1000.0, + "iqr": 2000.0, + "q1": 22000.0, + "q3": 24000.0, + "min": 20000.0, + "max": 68000.0, + "mean": 23677.62, + "stddev": 1375.09, + "ops_per_sec": 41666.67, + "per_rep_median": [ + 24000.0, + 24000.0, + 24000.0, + 24000.0, + 24000.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 796, + "timed_iters": 3980, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 62819.96, + "samples": 19900, + "median": 52000.0, + "mad": 18000.0, + "iqr": 40000.0, + "q1": 37000.0, + "q3": 77000.0, + "min": 26000.0, + "max": 396000.0, + "mean": 62709.1, + "stddev": 37116.55, + "ops_per_sec": 19230.77, + "per_rep_median": [ + 52000.0, + 52000.0, + 52500.0, + 52000.0, + 52000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 2510, + "timed_iters": 12548, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 19923.79, + "samples": 62740, + "median": 20000.0, + "mad": 1000.0, + "iqr": 2000.0, + "q1": 19000.0, + "q3": 21000.0, + "min": 18000.0, + "max": 1106000.0, + "mean": 20247.74, + "stddev": 6498.66, + "ops_per_sec": 50000.0, + "per_rep_median": [ + 20000.0, + 20000.0, + 20000.0, + 20000.0, + 20000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 96000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 5, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 2592, + "signature": 4627 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1347, + "timed_iters": 6736, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 37111.44, + "samples": 33680, + "median": 37000.0, + "mad": 1000.0, + "iqr": 4000.0, + "q1": 34000.0, + "q3": 38000.0, + "min": 32000.0, + "max": 143000.0, + "mean": 37092.73, + "stddev": 3893.22, + "ops_per_sec": 27027.03, + "per_rep_median": [ + 37000.0, + 37000.0, + 37000.0, + 37000.0, + 37000.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 626, + "timed_iters": 3132, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 79812.13, + "samples": 15660, + "median": 69000.0, + "mad": 21000.0, + "iqr": 44000.0, + "q1": 52000.0, + "q3": 96000.0, + "min": 41000.0, + "max": 1060000.0, + "mean": 81012.45, + "stddev": 42378.72, + "ops_per_sec": 14492.75, + "per_rep_median": [ + 69000.0, + 70000.0, + 68000.0, + 69500.0, + 68000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1556, + "timed_iters": 7779, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 32135.87, + "samples": 38895, + "median": 33000.0, + "mad": 1000.0, + "iqr": 2000.0, + "q1": 31000.0, + "q3": 33000.0, + "min": 29000.0, + "max": 150000.0, + "mean": 32632.19, + "stddev": 2917.27, + "ops_per_sec": 30303.03, + "per_rep_median": [ + 33000.0, + 33000.0, + 33000.0, + 33000.0, + 33000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 139000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + } + ], + "tls": { + "available": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "baseline": { + "kem_group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "label": "X25519+ed25519" + }, + "matrix": [ + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 284000.0, + "p95": 302000.0, + "min": 254000.0, + "max": 445000.0, + "mean": 283915.0, + "stddev": 14097.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3521.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 297, + "server_to_client": 1212, + "total": 1509 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 217, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 166000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 40000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 80000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 366000.0, + "p95": 404000.0, + "min": 328000.0, + "max": 545000.0, + "mean": 370450.0, + "stddev": 19679.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2732.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 2300, + "total": 3773 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 193000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 40000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 80000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 375000.0, + "p95": 402000.0, + "min": 340000.0, + "max": 566000.0, + "mean": 376992.0, + "stddev": 19228.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2666.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1506, + "server_to_client": 2333, + "total": 3839 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1426, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 40000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 80000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 261000.0, + "p95": 274000.0, + "min": 235000.0, + "max": 334000.0, + "mean": 260068.0, + "stddev": 10243.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3831.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 1948, + "total": 3005 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 112000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 40000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 80000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 286000.0, + "p95": 299000.0, + "min": 257000.0, + "max": 851000.0, + "mean": 285440.0, + "stddev": 20967.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3496.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 2268, + "total": 3709 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 123000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 40000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 80000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 317000.0, + "p95": 332000.0, + "min": 286000.0, + "max": 405000.0, + "mean": 316809.0, + "stddev": 10915.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3154.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 2748, + "total": 4573 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 136000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 40000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 80000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 566000.0, + "p95": 954550.0, + "min": 425000.0, + "max": 1498000.0, + "mean": 618331.0, + "stddev": 157313.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1766.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 8318, + "total": 9791 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 282000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 762500.0, + "p95": 1392650.0, + "min": 524000.0, + "max": 2512000.0, + "mean": 839178.0, + "stddev": 282331.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1311.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 10736, + "total": 12209 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 418000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 912000.0, + "p95": 1634050.0, + "min": 674000.0, + "max": 2725000.0, + "mean": 1007128.0, + "stddev": 305839.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1096.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 14012, + "total": 15485 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 535000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 462000.0, + "p95": 823050.0, + "min": 337000.0, + "max": 1841000.0, + "mean": 519895.0, + "stddev": 171547.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2164.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 7966, + "total": 9023 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 201000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 657500.0, + "p95": 1353050.0, + "min": 431000.0, + "max": 2475000.0, + "mean": 738563.0, + "stddev": 298189.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1520.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 10384, + "total": 11441 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 337000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 811000.0, + "p95": 1534050.0, + "min": 567000.0, + "max": 2888000.0, + "mean": 896141.0, + "stddev": 310008.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1233.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 13660, + "total": 14717 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 454000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 496500.0, + "p95": 895150.0, + "min": 360000.0, + "max": 2125000.0, + "mean": 553576.0, + "stddev": 176252.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2014.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 8286, + "total": 9727 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 212000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 684000.0, + "p95": 1327350.0, + "min": 446000.0, + "max": 2585000.0, + "mean": 756716.0, + "stddev": 285449.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1462.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 10704, + "total": 12145 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 348000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 835000.0, + "p95": 1561050.0, + "min": 615000.0, + "max": 3487000.0, + "mean": 920837.0, + "stddev": 328614.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1197.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 13980, + "total": 15421 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 465000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 519000.0, + "p95": 922050.0, + "min": 388000.0, + "max": 1943000.0, + "mean": 577831.0, + "stddev": 168033.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1926.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 8766, + "total": 10591 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 225000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 715000.0, + "p95": 1467150.0, + "min": 478000.0, + "max": 2593000.0, + "mean": 795093.0, + "stddev": 304171.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1398.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 11184, + "total": 13009 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 361000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 868000.0, + "p95": 1637750.0, + "min": 622000.0, + "max": 3656000.0, + "mean": 965031.0, + "stddev": 341617.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1152.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 14460, + "total": 16285 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 478000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 571000.0, + "p95": 1007200.0, + "min": 431000.0, + "max": 1553000.0, + "mean": 631257.0, + "stddev": 174000.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1751.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 8316, + "total": 9865 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 282000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 769000.0, + "p95": 1458350.0, + "min": 537000.0, + "max": 2584000.0, + "mean": 863066.0, + "stddev": 304964.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1300.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 10734, + "total": 12283 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 418000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 920000.0, + "p95": 1639050.0, + "min": 666000.0, + "max": 2903000.0, + "mean": 999034.0, + "stddev": 300851.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1087.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 14010, + "total": 15559 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 535000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 814000.0, + "p95": 826000.0, + "min": 745000.0, + "max": 995000.0, + "mean": 813110.0, + "stddev": 15618.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1228.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 4363, + "total": 5912 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 233000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 11430000.0, + "p95": 11845150.0, + "min": 10744000.0, + "max": 23184000.0, + "mean": 11480896.0, + "stddev": 607896.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 87.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 36417, + "total": 37966 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 10812000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9571000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9571000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 572000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 1144000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 615500.0, + "p95": 1085800.0, + "min": 444000.0, + "max": 2607000.0, + "mean": 681969.0, + "stddev": 223643.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1624.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 8349, + "total": 9931 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 782000.0, + "p95": 1416050.0, + "min": 532000.0, + "max": 2527000.0, + "mean": 856239.0, + "stddev": 286613.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1278.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 10767, + "total": 12349 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 933000.0, + "p95": 1662500.0, + "min": 685000.0, + "max": 3565000.0, + "mean": 1030490.0, + "stddev": 343026.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1071.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 14043, + "total": 15625 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 828000.0, + "p95": 858000.0, + "min": 752000.0, + "max": 2514000.0, + "mean": 831596.0, + "stddev": 65557.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1207.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 4394, + "total": 5976 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 11406000.0, + "p95": 11762050.0, + "min": 10767000.0, + "max": 13137000.0, + "mean": 11405178.0, + "stddev": 227987.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 87.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 36450, + "total": 38032 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9571000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9571000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 572000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 1144000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 470000.0, + "p95": 877450.0, + "min": 341000.0, + "max": 1475000.0, + "mean": 529856.0, + "stddev": 167890.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2127.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 7964, + "total": 9097 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 201000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 666000.0, + "p95": 1314150.0, + "min": 450000.0, + "max": 3837000.0, + "mean": 749322.0, + "stddev": 314944.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1501.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 10382, + "total": 11515 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 337000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 813000.0, + "p95": 1532100.0, + "min": 572000.0, + "max": 2635000.0, + "mean": 893858.0, + "stddev": 307312.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1230.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 13658, + "total": 14791 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 454000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 711000.0, + "p95": 731050.0, + "min": 645000.0, + "max": 1843000.0, + "mean": 713195.0, + "stddev": 50144.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1406.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 4011, + "total": 5144 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 152000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 11317500.0, + "p95": 11800350.0, + "min": 10640000.0, + "max": 69321000.0, + "mean": 11477659.0, + "stddev": 2395262.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 88.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 36065, + "total": 37198 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 10731000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9571000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9571000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 572000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 1144000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 494000.0, + "p95": 945150.0, + "min": 363000.0, + "max": 1757000.0, + "mean": 556594.0, + "stddev": 188222.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2024.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 8284, + "total": 9801 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 212000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 689500.0, + "p95": 1314000.0, + "min": 463000.0, + "max": 2641000.0, + "mean": 748424.0, + "stddev": 268562.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1450.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 10702, + "total": 12219 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 348000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 843000.0, + "p95": 1536350.0, + "min": 599000.0, + "max": 3087000.0, + "mean": 913240.0, + "stddev": 291939.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1186.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 13978, + "total": 15495 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 465000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 737000.0, + "p95": 757000.0, + "min": 675000.0, + "max": 1053000.0, + "mean": 737264.0, + "stddev": 19393.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1356.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 4330, + "total": 5847 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 163000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 11287500.0, + "p95": 11678000.0, + "min": 10680000.0, + "max": 14035000.0, + "mean": 11291956.0, + "stddev": 247423.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 88.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 36385, + "total": 37902 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 10742000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9571000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9571000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 572000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 1144000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 524000.0, + "p95": 925000.0, + "min": 392000.0, + "max": 1831000.0, + "mean": 577659.0, + "stddev": 163415.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1908.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 8764, + "total": 10665 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 225000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 115000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 115000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 35000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 70000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 718000.0, + "p95": 1356100.0, + "min": 484000.0, + "max": 2779000.0, + "mean": 797345.0, + "stddev": 286477.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1392.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 11182, + "total": 13083 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 361000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 199000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 199000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 61000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 122000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 876000.0, + "p95": 1601050.0, + "min": 625000.0, + "max": 2977000.0, + "mean": 969601.0, + "stddev": 311805.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1141.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 14458, + "total": 16359 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 478000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 250000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 250000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 94000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 188000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 770000.0, + "p95": 826000.0, + "min": 700000.0, + "max": 1661000.0, + "mean": 774451.0, + "stddev": 40026.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1298.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 4808, + "total": 6709 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 176000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 32000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 11380000.0, + "p95": 11807050.0, + "min": 10688000.0, + "max": 15648000.0, + "mean": 11402416.0, + "stddev": 276420.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 87.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 36865, + "total": 38766 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 10755000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 15000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 15000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9571000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9571000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 572000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 1144000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 134000.0, + "p95": 142000.0, + "min": 120000.0, + "max": 198000.0, + "mean": 132186.0, + "stddev": 6817.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 7462.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 312, + "server_to_client": 824, + "total": 1136 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 232, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 76000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 18000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 36000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 165000.0, + "p95": 187000.0, + "min": 147000.0, + "max": 233000.0, + "mean": 165816.0, + "stddev": 11101.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 6060.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 1912, + "total": 3408 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 99000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 18000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 36000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 183000.0, + "p95": 193000.0, + "min": 167000.0, + "max": 285000.0, + "mean": 182224.0, + "stddev": 8299.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 5464.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1529, + "server_to_client": 1945, + "total": 3474 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1449, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 119000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 18000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 36000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 123000.0, + "p95": 133000.0, + "min": 113000.0, + "max": 170000.0, + "mean": 123206.0, + "stddev": 6725.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 8130.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 1880, + "total": 3344 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 63000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 18000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 36000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 133000.0, + "p95": 139000.0, + "min": 122000.0, + "max": 160000.0, + "mean": 132472.0, + "stddev": 6183.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 7518.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 2360, + "total": 4208 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 72000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 18000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 36000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 190000.0, + "p95": 251000.0, + "min": 160000.0, + "max": 319000.0, + "mean": 196542.0, + "stddev": 26807.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 5263.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 7930, + "total": 9426 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 116000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 226500.0, + "p95": 316000.0, + "min": 187000.0, + "max": 475000.0, + "mean": 236803.0, + "stddev": 40165.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4415.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 10348, + "total": 11844 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 151000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 52000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 52000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 40000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 270000.0, + "p95": 363050.0, + "min": 230000.0, + "max": 545000.0, + "mean": 280204.0, + "stddev": 40449.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3703.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 13624, + "total": 15120 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 194000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 6000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 69000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 69000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 33000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 66000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 150000.0, + "p95": 213000.0, + "min": 126000.0, + "max": 339000.0, + "mean": 157947.0, + "stddev": 27262.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 6666.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 7898, + "total": 9362 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 80000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 189000.0, + "p95": 269150.0, + "min": 155000.0, + "max": 392000.0, + "mean": 198879.0, + "stddev": 35330.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 5291.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 10316, + "total": 11780 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 115000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 52000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 52000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 40000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 234000.0, + "p95": 329000.0, + "min": 197000.0, + "max": 550000.0, + "mean": 246711.0, + "stddev": 42431.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4273.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 13592, + "total": 15056 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 158000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 7000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 7000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 69000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 69000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 33000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 66000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 160000.0, + "p95": 228050.0, + "min": 135000.0, + "max": 1203000.0, + "mean": 169900.0, + "stddev": 49508.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 6250.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 8378, + "total": 10226 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 89000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 12000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 199000.0, + "p95": 285050.0, + "min": 163000.0, + "max": 437000.0, + "mean": 209780.0, + "stddev": 37739.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 5025.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 10796, + "total": 12644 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 124000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 52000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 52000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 40000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 243000.0, + "p95": 336000.0, + "min": 206000.0, + "max": 498000.0, + "mean": 255979.0, + "stddev": 40944.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4115.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 14072, + "total": 15920 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 167000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 69000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 69000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 33000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 66000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely; native OpenSSL cannot negotiate it either (TLS codepoints still draft) - across both production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental oqs-provider" + } + ] + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09149ce --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json @@ -0,0 +1,1984 @@ +{ + "schema_version": "1.0.0", + "tool_version": "0.1.0", + "generated_utc": "2026-06-07T21:58:43Z", + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [ + "host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='', os=macos)", + "CPU governor is 'unavailable', not 'performance'", + "benchmark was not pinned to a dedicated core (no taskset)", + "build flags targeted 'generic-fallback', not cortex-a76" + ], + "host": { + "hostname": "unknown52f9cccdc6d7.home", + "os": "macos", + "os_pretty": "macOS 26.3.1 (25D771280a)", + "arch": "arm64", + "kernel": "25.3.0", + "is_rpi": false, + "rpi_model": "", + "cpu_brand": "Apple M3", + "ncpu": 8, + "ram_bytes": 17179869184 + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "sysctl", + "neon": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": true, + "sha512": true, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-06-07T21:58:10Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-06-07T21:58:43Z", + "duration_s": 33, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "unavailable", + "governor_after": "unavailable", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": false, + "taskset_cmd": "", + "warmup_iters": 5, + "timed_iters": 25, + "repetitions": 1, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "PMCCNTR_EL0 traps (kernel module not loaded; needs e.g. enable_arm_pmu)" + }, + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "Apple clang version 17.0.0 (clang-1700.6.4.2)", + "bench_cflags": "-O3", + "cflags_target": "generic-fallback", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "not-built", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "", + "openssl": "system:3.6.0", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52" + }, + "thermal_trace": { + "columns": [ + "epoch_s", + "arm_clock_hz", + "temp_c", + "throttled_hex" + ], + "samples": [ + [ + 1780869490, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869490, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869491, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869492, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869493, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869494, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869495, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869496, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869497, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869498, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869499, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869500, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869501, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869502, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869503, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869504, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869505, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869506, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869507, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869508, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869509, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869510, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869511, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869512, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869513, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869514, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869515, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869516, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869517, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869518, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869519, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869520, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869521, + null, + null, + null + ], + [ + 1780869522, + null, + null, + null + ] + ], + "temp_c": null, + "arm_clock_hz": null, + "throttling_detected": false + }, + "warnings": [ + "governor is 'unavailable', not 'performance' (need root on Linux, or unsupported on macOS)", + "core pinning unavailable (no taskset/numactl) \u2014 results will be noisier", + "NOT RPi5-baseline-grade: host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='', os=macos); CPU governor is 'unavailable', not 'performance'; benchmark was not pinned to a dedicated core (no taskset); build flags targeted 'generic-fallback', not cortex-a76" + ], + "kem": [ + { + "alg": "X25519", + "kind": "kem", + "backend": "openssl", + "classical": true, + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 1, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 32, + "secret_key": 32, + "ciphertext": null, + "shared_secret": 32 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 5, + "timed_iters": 25, + "repetitions": 1, + "samples": 25, + "median": 45000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 44000.0, + "q3": 45000.0, + "min": 44000.0, + "max": 47000.0, + "mean": 44720.0, + "stddev": 678.23, + "ops_per_sec": 22222.22, + "per_rep_median": [ + 45000.0 + ] + }, + "derive": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 5, + "timed_iters": 25, + "repetitions": 1, + "samples": 25, + "median": 43000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 43000.0, + "q3": 43000.0, + "min": 43000.0, + "max": 44000.0, + "mean": 43120.0, + "stddev": 331.66, + "ops_per_sec": 23255.81, + "per_rep_median": [ + 43000.0 + ] + } + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "kind": "kem", + "backend": "liboqs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 1, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 800, + "secret_key": 1632, + "ciphertext": 768, + "shared_secret": 32 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 5, + "timed_iters": 25, + "repetitions": 1, + "samples": 25, + "median": 10000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 9000.0, + "q3": 10000.0, + "min": 9000.0, + "max": 12000.0, + "mean": 9800.0, + "stddev": 707.11, + "ops_per_sec": 100000.0, + "per_rep_median": [ + 10000.0 + ] + }, + "encaps": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 5, + "timed_iters": 25, + "repetitions": 1, + "samples": 25, + "median": 11000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 11000.0, + "q3": 11000.0, + "min": 10000.0, + "max": 11000.0, + "mean": 10800.0, + "stddev": 408.25, + "ops_per_sec": 90909.09, + "per_rep_median": [ + 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"server_to_client": 36842, + "total": 38743 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + } + ] + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..112b30e --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json @@ -0,0 +1,12848 @@ +{ + "schema_version": "2.0.0", + "tool_version": "0.2.0", + "generated_utc": "2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "is_baseline_grade": false, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [ + "host is not a Raspberry Pi (model='', os=linux)", + "build flags targeted 'generic-fallback', not cortex-a76" + ], + "host": { + "hostname": "fedora", + "os": "linux", + "os_pretty": "Fedora Linux 44 (Sway)", + "arch": "x86_64", + "kernel": "7.1.5-200.fc44.x86_64", + "is_rpi": false, + "rpi_model": "", + "cpu_brand": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 9 285HX", + "ncpu": 24, + "ram_bytes": 269642162176 + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "/proc/cpuinfo (flags, x86)", + "neon": false, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": false, + "sha512": false, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-30T12:06:37Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-30T12:13:11Z", + "duration_s": 394, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "performance", + "governor_after": "performance", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": true, + "taskset_cmd": "taskset -c 3", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + "max_iters": 20000, + "warmup_iters": null, + "timed_iters": null, + "repetitions": 5, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "not aarch64" + }, + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "cc (GCC) 16.1.1 20260515 (Red Hat 16.1.1-2)", + "bench_cflags": "-O3", + "cflags_target": "generic-fallback", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.7", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "", + "target_features_compiled": [ + "fxsr", + "sse", + "sse2" + ], + "cpu_features_runtime": null, + "crate_versions": { + "ml-kem": "0.3.2", + "ml-dsa": "0.1.1", + "slh-dsa": "0.2.0-rc.5", + "x25519-dalek": "3.0.0", + "ed25519-dalek": "3.0.0" + }, + "signing_mode": "hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA", + "verify_semantics": "verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "", + "crate_versions": { + "rustls": "0.23.42", + 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220, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 180933.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 45093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 90186.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 375553.0, + "p95": 380930.5, + "min": 369957.0, + "max": 394548.0, + "mean": 376129.2, + "stddev": 3030.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2662.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1476, + "server_to_client": 2300, + "total": 3776 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1396, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 201545.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 45093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 90186.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 399826.0, + "p95": 406237.3, + "min": 393698.0, + "max": 427686.0, + "mean": 400442.3, + "stddev": 3473.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2501.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1509, + "server_to_client": 2333, + "total": 3842 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1429, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 45093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 90186.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 269995.0, + "p95": 274414.9, + "min": 265553.0, + "max": 288613.0, + "mean": 270406.5, + "stddev": 2490.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3703.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1060, + "server_to_client": 1948, + "total": 3008 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 980, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 120825.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 3877.0, + "subtotal_ns": 3877.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4288.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4288.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5253.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5253.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 45093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 90186.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 298331.0, + "p95": 302975.7, + "min": 292480.0, + "max": 537388.0, + "mean": 298914.2, + "stddev": 8019.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3352.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1444, + "server_to_client": 2268, + "total": 3712 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1364, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 128019.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 45093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 90186.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 331064.5, + "p95": 336236.2, + "min": 326018.0, + "max": 354613.0, + "mean": 331415.0, + "stddev": 2671.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3020.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1828, + "server_to_client": 2748, + "total": 4576 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1748, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 135630.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8430.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8430.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8770.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8770.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11023.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11023.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 45093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 90186.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 624584.0, + "p95": 1090195.6, + "min": 513087.0, + "max": 1910004.0, + "mean": 698910.7, + "stddev": 198925.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1601.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1476, + "server_to_client": 8318, + "total": 9794 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1396, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 144188.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 851546.5, + "p95": 1641906.2, + "min": 633356.0, + "max": 3932454.0, + "mean": 949061.6, + "stddev": 366094.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1174.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1476, + "server_to_client": 10736, + "total": 12212 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1396, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 178312.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1044739.0, + "p95": 2068787.7, + "min": 823494.0, + "max": 5992451.0, + "mean": 1233549.1, + "stddev": 597430.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 957.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1476, + "server_to_client": 14012, + "total": 15488 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1396, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 211419.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 514359.5, + "p95": 980891.6, + "min": 405916.0, + "max": 1701656.0, + "mean": 588642.7, + "stddev": 200128.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1944.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1060, + "server_to_client": 7966, + "total": 9026 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 980, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 63468.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 3877.0, + "subtotal_ns": 3877.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4288.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4288.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5253.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5253.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 743404.5, + "p95": 1529630.2, + "min": 524530.0, + "max": 3486944.0, + "mean": 831535.4, + "stddev": 348415.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1345.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1060, + "server_to_client": 10384, + "total": 11444 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 980, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 97592.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 3877.0, + "subtotal_ns": 3877.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4288.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4288.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5253.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5253.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 926182.5, + "p95": 1747769.3, + "min": 708989.0, + "max": 2991555.0, + "mean": 1023601.9, + "stddev": 352383.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1079.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1060, + "server_to_client": 13660, + "total": 14720 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 980, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 130699.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 3877.0, + "subtotal_ns": 3877.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4288.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4288.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5253.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5253.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 541990.0, + "p95": 958227.6, + "min": 432635.0, + "max": 1892946.0, + "mean": 602859.1, + "stddev": 183615.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1845.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1444, + "server_to_client": 8286, + "total": 9730 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1364, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 70662.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 769735.0, + "p95": 1487520.7, + "min": 548823.0, + "max": 2845891.0, + "mean": 864150.9, + "stddev": 334657.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1299.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1444, + "server_to_client": 10704, + "total": 12148 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1364, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 104786.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 960136.0, + "p95": 1776797.2, + "min": 741987.0, + "max": 3192832.0, + "mean": 1052927.7, + "stddev": 351641.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1041.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1444, + "server_to_client": 13980, + "total": 15424 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1364, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 137893.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 576089.0, + "p95": 1047185.7, + "min": 468128.0, + "max": 1965961.0, + "mean": 648383.0, + "stddev": 206222.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1735.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1828, + "server_to_client": 8766, + "total": 10594 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1748, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 78273.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8430.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8430.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8770.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8770.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11023.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11023.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 804540.5, + "p95": 1521851.7, + "min": 584467.0, + "max": 3094856.0, + "mean": 895890.5, + "stddev": 338256.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1242.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1828, + "server_to_client": 11184, + "total": 13012 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1748, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 112397.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8430.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8430.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8770.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8770.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11023.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11023.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 985632.0, + "p95": 1802252.5, + "min": 770889.0, + "max": 3960324.0, + "mean": 1095565.5, + "stddev": 370310.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1014.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1828, + "server_to_client": 14460, + "total": 16288 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1748, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 145504.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8430.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8430.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8770.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8770.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11023.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11023.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 624503.0, + "p95": 1039814.4, + "min": 512887.0, + "max": 2623837.0, + "mean": 695376.9, + "stddev": 203918.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1601.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1476, + "server_to_client": 8316, + "total": 9792 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1396, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 144188.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 849224.0, + "p95": 1499780.4, + "min": 630765.0, + "max": 3564431.0, + "mean": 927441.7, + "stddev": 318047.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1177.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1476, + "server_to_client": 10734, + "total": 12210 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1396, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 178312.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1025567.0, + "p95": 1844999.9, + "min": 813567.0, + "max": 3275452.0, + "mean": 1135720.3, + "stddev": 353111.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 975.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1476, + "server_to_client": 14010, + "total": 15486 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1396, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 211419.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 16975.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33950.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19788.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39576.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 645275.5, + "p95": 1160844.6, + "min": 534084.0, + "max": 2828458.0, + "mean": 726952.8, + "stddev": 224574.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1549.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1509, + "server_to_client": 8349, + "total": 9858 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1429, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 874207.0, + "p95": 1659774.4, + "min": 654978.0, + "max": 2884429.0, + "mean": 966440.5, + "stddev": 331664.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1143.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1509, + "server_to_client": 10767, + "total": 12276 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1429, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1047480.5, + "p95": 1782887.5, + "min": 837378.0, + "max": 2993340.0, + "mean": 1134844.0, + "stddev": 338782.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 954.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1509, + "server_to_client": 14043, + "total": 15552 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1429, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 517235.5, + "p95": 978933.0, + "min": 405475.0, + "max": 1645816.0, + "mean": 587765.0, + "stddev": 190239.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1933.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1060, + "server_to_client": 7964, + "total": 9024 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 980, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 63468.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 3877.0, + "subtotal_ns": 3877.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4288.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4288.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5253.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5253.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 743330.0, + "p95": 1417902.1, + "min": 525348.0, + "max": 2677583.0, + "mean": 819840.5, + "stddev": 317246.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1345.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1060, + "server_to_client": 10382, + "total": 11442 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 980, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 97592.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 3877.0, + "subtotal_ns": 3877.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4288.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4288.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5253.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5253.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 918808.5, + "p95": 1735831.4, + "min": 706941.0, + "max": 2978267.0, + "mean": 1022416.6, + "stddev": 348816.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1088.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1060, + "server_to_client": 13658, + "total": 14718 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 980, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 130699.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 3877.0, + "subtotal_ns": 3877.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4288.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4288.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 5253.0, + "subtotal_ns": 5253.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 541993.0, + "p95": 1003434.0, + "min": 432916.0, + "max": 1946236.0, + "mean": 608378.4, + "stddev": 198568.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1845.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1444, + "server_to_client": 8284, + "total": 9728 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1364, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 70662.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 766648.0, + "p95": 1559940.2, + "min": 547885.0, + "max": 4910933.0, + "mean": 859600.8, + "stddev": 366852.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1304.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1444, + "server_to_client": 10702, + "total": 12146 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1364, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 104786.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 951068.5, + "p95": 1796519.3, + "min": 738246.0, + "max": 2933534.0, + "mean": 1057518.1, + "stddev": 363089.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1051.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1444, + "server_to_client": 13978, + "total": 15422 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1364, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 137893.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6193.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6193.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 6397.0, + "subtotal_ns": 6397.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8022.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8022.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 577349.0, + "p95": 1036471.8, + "min": 466948.0, + "max": 1865489.0, + "mean": 648113.0, + "stddev": 203718.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1732.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1828, + "server_to_client": 8764, + "total": 10592 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1748, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 78273.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8430.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8430.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8770.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8770.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11023.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11023.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26240.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26240.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11905.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23810.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 802773.0, + "p95": 1523343.0, + "min": 584934.0, + "max": 2663559.0, + "mean": 885650.0, + "stddev": 317212.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1245.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1828, + "server_to_client": 11182, + "total": 13010 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1748, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 112397.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8430.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8430.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8770.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8770.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11023.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11023.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44542.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44542.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 19816.0, + "subtotal_ns": 39632.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 979687.5, + "p95": 1720279.6, + "min": 769230.0, + "max": 3785708.0, + "mean": 1065492.2, + "stddev": 339417.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1020.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1828, + "server_to_client": 14458, + "total": 16286 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1748, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 145504.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8430.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8430.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8770.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8770.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11023.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11023.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54913.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54913.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31184.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62368.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "reason": "handshake failed" + }, + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 147307.0, + "p95": 148609.0, + "min": 144095.0, + "max": 157786.0, + "mean": 147386.6, + "stddev": 1018.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 6788.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 312, + "server_to_client": 824, + "total": 1136 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 232, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 87226.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 5553.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11106.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 14148.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28296.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4596.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4596.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21614.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43228.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 179976.5, + "p95": 182084.6, + "min": 176591.0, + "max": 190945.0, + "mean": 180077.0, + "stddev": 1256.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 5556.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 1912, + "total": 3408 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 113008.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 5553.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11106.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 14148.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28296.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4596.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4596.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21614.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43228.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 206731.5, + "p95": 208923.1, + "min": 203334.0, + "max": 226252.0, + "mean": 206854.9, + "stddev": 1386.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4837.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1529, + "server_to_client": 1945, + "total": 3474 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1449, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 138020.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 6611.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13222.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 25596.0, + "subtotal_ns": 51192.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4596.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4596.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21614.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43228.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 139881.0, + "p95": 142047.2, + "min": 136726.0, + "max": 148321.0, + "mean": 139985.8, + "stddev": 1200.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 7148.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 1880, + "total": 3344 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 73606.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4596.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4596.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21614.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43228.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 151307.5, + "p95": 153765.1, + "min": 148347.0, + "max": 392306.0, + "mean": 151726.0, + "stddev": 7726.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 6609.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 2360, + "total": 4208 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 83151.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10927.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10927.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12051.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12051.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12349.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12349.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 4596.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4596.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21614.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43228.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 232000.5, + "p95": 319320.8, + "min": 207027.0, + "max": 451033.0, + "mean": 244232.2, + "stddev": 37185.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4310.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 7930, + "total": 9426 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 147810.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 5553.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11106.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 14148.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28296.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47214.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47214.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 17706.0, + "subtotal_ns": 35412.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 284160.0, + "p95": 415162.1, + "min": 247526.0, + "max": 622583.0, + "mean": 301961.9, + "stddev": 57397.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3519.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 10348, + "total": 11844 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 198100.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 5553.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11106.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 14148.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28296.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 74622.0, + "subtotal_ns": 74622.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 29147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 58294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 347908.5, + "p95": 485410.3, + "min": 311106.0, + "max": 776680.0, + "mean": 365976.9, + "stddev": 61582.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2874.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 13624, + "total": 15120 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 254212.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 5553.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11106.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 14148.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28296.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 96258.0, + "subtotal_ns": 96258.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46385.0, + "subtotal_ns": 92770.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 189400.5, + "p95": 278424.4, + "min": 166483.0, + "max": 446166.0, + "mean": 202225.8, + "stddev": 38234.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 5279.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 7898, + "total": 9362 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 108408.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47214.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47214.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 17706.0, + "subtotal_ns": 35412.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 244427.5, + "p95": 372501.5, + "min": 208649.0, + "max": 592945.0, + "mean": 261769.7, + "stddev": 55233.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4091.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 10316, + "total": 11780 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 158698.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 74622.0, + "subtotal_ns": 74622.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 29147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 58294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 310510.5, + "p95": 447556.7, + "min": 271795.0, + "max": 745044.0, + "mean": 327791.8, + "stddev": 60136.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3220.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 13592, + "total": 15056 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 214810.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8167.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8167.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8832.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8832.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 8783.0, + "subtotal_ns": 8783.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 96258.0, + "subtotal_ns": 96258.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46385.0, + "subtotal_ns": 92770.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 200280.5, + "p95": 283560.2, + "min": 179171.0, + "max": 406109.0, + "mean": 212258.2, + "stddev": 36640.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4993.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 8378, + "total": 10226 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 117953.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10927.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10927.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12051.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12051.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12349.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12349.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47214.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47214.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 17706.0, + "subtotal_ns": 35412.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 258187.5, + "p95": 388514.3, + "min": 220720.0, + "max": 639953.0, + "mean": 275716.1, + "stddev": 58204.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3873.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 10796, + "total": 12644 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 168243.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10927.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10927.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12051.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12051.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12349.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12349.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 74622.0, + "subtotal_ns": 74622.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 29147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 58294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 321260.5, + "p95": 462533.7, + "min": 282048.0, + "max": 782411.0, + "mean": 340419.6, + "stddev": 62272.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3112.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 14072, + "total": 15920 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 224355.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10927.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10927.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12051.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12051.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 12349.0, + "subtotal_ns": 12349.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 96258.0, + "subtotal_ns": 96258.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46385.0, + "subtotal_ns": 92770.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely; native OpenSSL cannot negotiate it either (TLS codepoints still draft) - across both production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental oqs-provider" + } + ] + } +} diff --git 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/ explicit SIMD; compiler autovectorisation only" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "sha3-shake", + "source": "rust keccak crate (cpufeatures runtime dispatch)", + "hw_instructions": true, + "determined_by": "source-inspection", + "note": "reaches ARMv8.2 SHA3 instructions only where the CPU has them (Apple M-series yes, Cortex-A76 no)" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "X25519", + "kind": "kem", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "classical": true, + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 1, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 32, + "ciphertext": null, + "shared_secret": 32 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 4701, + "timed_iters": 20000, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 10635.41, + "samples": 100000, + "median": 11000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 10000.0, + "q3": 11000.0, + "min": 9000.0, + "max": 636000.0, + "mean": 10606.37, + "stddev": 2313.64, + "ops_per_sec": 90909.09, + "per_rep_median": [ + 11000.0, + 11000.0, + 11000.0, + 11000.0, + 11000.0 + ] + }, + "derive": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1875, + "timed_iters": 9376, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 26662.43, + "samples": 46880, + "median": 27000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 26000.0, + "q3": 27000.0, + "min": 26000.0, + "max": 42000.0, + "mean": 26588.82, + "stddev": 770.55, + "ops_per_sec": 37037.04, + "per_rep_median": [ + 27000.0, + 27000.0, + 27000.0, + 27000.0, + 27000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 38000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "derive" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "secp256r1", + "kind": "kem", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "classical": true, + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 1, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 65, + "ciphertext": null, + "shared_secret": 32 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 3769, + "timed_iters": 18846, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 13265.69, + "samples": 94230, + "median": 13000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 13000.0, + "q3": 13000.0, + "min": 12000.0, + "max": 35000.0, + "mean": 13156.99, + "stddev": 525.61, + "ops_per_sec": 76923.08, + "per_rep_median": [ + 13000.0, + 13000.0, + 13000.0, + 13000.0, + 13000.0 + ] + }, + "derive": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1113, + "timed_iters": 5564, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 44934.51, + "samples": 27820, + "median": 45000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 45000.0, + "q3": 45000.0, + "min": 44000.0, + "max": 133000.0, + "mean": 44921.96, + "stddev": 1067.0, + "ops_per_sec": 22222.22, + "per_rep_median": [ + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 58000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "derive" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "kind": "kem", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 3, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 1184, + "ciphertext": 1088, + "shared_secret": 32 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 3495, + "timed_iters": 17477, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 14304.76, + "samples": 87385, + "median": 14000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 14000.0, + "q3": 14000.0, + "min": 13000.0, + "max": 31000.0, + "mean": 14232.25, + "stddev": 605.22, + "ops_per_sec": 71428.57, + "per_rep_median": [ + 14000.0, + 14000.0, + 14000.0, + 14000.0, + 14000.0 + ] + }, + "encaps": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 3057, + "timed_iters": 15283, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 16357.6, + "samples": 76415, + "median": 16000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 16000.0, + "q3": 17000.0, + "min": 15000.0, + "max": 38000.0, + "mean": 16328.16, + "stddev": 663.16, + "ops_per_sec": 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"symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "kind": "kem", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 5, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 1568, + "ciphertext": 1568, + "shared_secret": 32 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 2575, + "timed_iters": 12877, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 19413.78, + "samples": 64385, + "median": 19000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 19000.0, + "q3": 20000.0, + "min": 18000.0, + "max": 35000.0, + "mean": 19352.68, + "stddev": 701.76, + "ops_per_sec": 52631.58, + "per_rep_median": [ + 19000.0, + 19000.0, + 19000.0, + 19000.0, + 19000.0 + ] + }, + "encaps": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 2179, + "timed_iters": 10896, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 22943.33, + "samples": 54480, + "median": 23000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 23000.0, + "q3": 23000.0, + "min": 22000.0, + "max": 51000.0, + "mean": 22959.34, + "stddev": 625.29, + "ops_per_sec": 43478.26, + "per_rep_median": [ + 23000.0, + 23000.0, + 23000.0, + 23000.0, + 23000.0 + ] + }, + "decaps": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 2197, + "timed_iters": 10986, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 22755.25, + "samples": 54930, + "median": 23000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 23000.0, + "q3": 23000.0, + "min": 22000.0, + "max": 39000.0, + "mean": 22790.13, + "stddev": 692.59, + "ops_per_sec": 43478.26, + "per_rep_median": [ + 23000.0, + 23000.0, + 23000.0, + 23000.0, + 23000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 65000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "encaps", + "decaps" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + } + ], + "sig": [ + { + "alg": "Ed25519", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "openssl", + "classical": true, + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 1, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 32, + "secret_key": 32, + "signature": 64 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1106, + "timed_iters": 5528, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 45227.76, + "samples": 27640, + "median": 45000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 45000.0, + "q3": 45000.0, + "min": 44000.0, + "max": 63000.0, + "mean": 44987.52, + "stddev": 901.39, + "ops_per_sec": 22222.22, + "per_rep_median": [ + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1104, + "timed_iters": 5522, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 45269.79, + "samples": 27610, + "median": 45000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 45000.0, + "q3": 46000.0, + "min": 45000.0, + "max": 66000.0, + "mean": 45325.64, + "stddev": 842.24, + "ops_per_sec": 22222.22, + "per_rep_median": [ + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0, + 45000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 395, + "timed_iters": 1977, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 126454.9, + "samples": 9885, + "median": 126000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 0.0, + "q1": 126000.0, + "q3": 126000.0, + "min": 125000.0, + "max": 152000.0, + "mean": 126180.98, + "stddev": 1308.27, + "ops_per_sec": 7936.51, + "per_rep_median": [ + 126000.0, + 126000.0, + 126000.0, + 126000.0, + 126000.0 + ] + } + 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] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 346000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "portable-c" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "sha3-shake", + "source": "OQS SHA-3 layer (liboqs-internal xkcp)", + "hw_instructions": true, + "determined_by": "source-inspection (fips202 shim; differential inconclusive at <=2%)" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 3, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 1952, + "secret_key": 4032, + "signature": 3309 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 408, + "timed_iters": 2039, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 122592.16, + "samples": 10195, + "median": 122000.0, + 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50000.0, + 50000.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 374, + "timed_iters": 1870, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 133698.04, + "samples": 9350, + "median": 104000.0, + "mad": 35000.0, + "iqr": 80000.0, + "q1": 74000.0, + "q3": 154000.0, + "min": 59000.0, + "max": 795000.0, + "mean": 124972.83, + "stddev": 72357.42, + "ops_per_sec": 9615.38, + "per_rep_median": [ + 104000.0, + 105000.0, + 103000.0, + 105000.0, + 104000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 1170, + "timed_iters": 5852, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 42720.43, + "samples": 29260, + "median": 43000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 42000.0, + "q3": 43000.0, + "min": 42000.0, + "max": 105000.0, + "mean": 42817.84, + "stddev": 1130.91, + "ops_per_sec": 23255.81, + "per_rep_median": [ + 43000.0, + 43000.0, + 43000.0, + 43000.0, + 43000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 197000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 5, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 2592, + "signature": 4627 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 627, + "timed_iters": 3137, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 79688.85, + "samples": 15685, + "median": 79000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 79000.0, + "q3": 80000.0, + "min": 75000.0, + "max": 240000.0, + "mean": 79652.73, + "stddev": 2392.38, + "ops_per_sec": 12658.23, + "per_rep_median": [ + 79000.0, + 79000.0, + 79000.0, + 79000.0, + 79000.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 307, + "timed_iters": 1537, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 162670.59, + "samples": 7685, + "median": 141000.0, + "mad": 45000.0, + "iqr": 91000.0, + "q1": 101000.0, + "q3": 192000.0, + "min": 94000.0, + "max": 2068000.0, + "mean": 163484.71, + "stddev": 82890.5, + "ops_per_sec": 7092.2, + "per_rep_median": [ + 140000.0, + 140000.0, + 141000.0, + 139000.0, + 141000.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 709, + "timed_iters": 3543, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 70553.82, + "samples": 17715, + "median": 70000.0, + "mad": 0.0, + "iqr": 1000.0, + "q1": 70000.0, + "q3": 71000.0, + "min": 69000.0, + "max": 109000.0, + "mean": 70440.3, + "stddev": 1121.89, + "ops_per_sec": 14285.71, + "per_rep_median": [ + 70000.0, + 70000.0, + 70000.0, + 70000.0, + 70000.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 290000.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + } + ], + "tls": { + "available": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "baseline": { + "kem_group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "label": "X25519+ed25519" + }, + "matrix": [ + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 700000.0, + "p95": 711050.0, + "min": 695000.0, + "max": 730000.0, + "mean": 701635.0, + "stddev": 4339.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1428.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 297, + "server_to_client": 1212, + "total": 1509 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 217, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 471000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 45000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 45000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 126000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 252000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 862000.0, + "p95": 875000.0, + "min": 856000.0, + "max": 916000.0, + "mean": 863449.0, + "stddev": 5542.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1160.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 2300, + "total": 3773 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 524000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 45000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 45000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 126000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 252000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 852000.0, + "p95": 865000.0, + "min": 845000.0, + "max": 897000.0, + "mean": 853286.0, + "stddev": 6259.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1173.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1506, + "server_to_client": 2333, + "total": 3839 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1426, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 45000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 45000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 126000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 252000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 624000.0, + "p95": 635000.0, + "min": 619000.0, + "max": 656000.0, + "mean": 625332.0, + "stddev": 4839.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1602.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 1948, + "total": 3005 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 331000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 45000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 45000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 126000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 252000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 674000.0, + "p95": 687000.0, + "min": 669000.0, + "max": 700000.0, + "mean": 675599.0, + "stddev": 4754.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1483.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 2268, + "total": 3709 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 350000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 45000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 45000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 126000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 252000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 734000.0, + "p95": 745050.0, + "min": 728000.0, + "max": 767000.0, + "mean": 735365.0, + "stddev": 5025.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1362.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 2748, + "total": 4573 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 377000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 45000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 45000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 126000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 252000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1155000.0, + "p95": 1949000.0, + "min": 969000.0, + "max": 3710000.0, + "mean": 1293940.0, + "stddev": 359159.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 865.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 8318, + "total": 9791 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 578000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1538000.0, + "p95": 2890150.0, + "min": 1165000.0, + "max": 5132000.0, + "mean": 1704022.0, + "stddev": 597968.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 650.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 10736, + "total": 12209 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 818500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1832000.0, + "p95": 3254000.0, + "min": 1473000.0, + "max": 6066000.0, + "mean": 2008946.0, + "stddev": 617607.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 545.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1473, + "server_to_client": 14012, + "total": 15485 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1393, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1062000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 929000.0, + "p95": 1702000.0, + "min": 730000.0, + "max": 5747000.0, + "mean": 1056465.0, + "stddev": 368604.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1076.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 7966, + "total": 9023 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 385000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1300000.0, + "p95": 2538050.0, + "min": 928000.0, + "max": 4037000.0, + "mean": 1442774.0, + "stddev": 541900.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 769.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 10384, + "total": 11441 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 625500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1598000.0, + "p95": 2869100.0, + "min": 1237000.0, + "max": 5306000.0, + "mean": 1784045.0, + "stddev": 597516.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 625.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1057, + "server_to_client": 13660, + "total": 14717 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 977, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 869000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 963500.0, + "p95": 1792550.0, + "min": 780000.0, + "max": 3517000.0, + "mean": 1097422.0, + "stddev": 346411.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1037.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 8286, + "total": 9727 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 404000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1347000.0, + "p95": 2582000.0, + "min": 978000.0, + "max": 4903000.0, + "mean": 1477988.0, + "stddev": 547663.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 742.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 10704, + "total": 12145 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 644500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1645000.0, + "p95": 3062100.0, + "min": 1285000.0, + "max": 5720000.0, + "mean": 1830883.0, + "stddev": 604470.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 607.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1441, + "server_to_client": 13980, + "total": 15421 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1361, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 888000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1026000.0, + "p95": 1841150.0, + "min": 842000.0, + "max": 3498000.0, + "mean": 1155578.0, + "stddev": 347373.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 974.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 8766, + "total": 10591 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 431000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1417000.0, + "p95": 2779000.0, + "min": 1042000.0, + "max": 5851000.0, + "mean": 1594925.0, + "stddev": 619110.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 705.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 11184, + "total": 13009 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 671500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1705000.0, + "p95": 2964050.0, + "min": 1346000.0, + "max": 6325000.0, + "mean": 1859099.0, + "stddev": 608015.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 586.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1825, + "server_to_client": 14460, + "total": 16285 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1745, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 915000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1172500.0, + "p95": 1955000.0, + "min": 980000.0, + "max": 3270000.0, + "mean": 1301462.0, + "stddev": 336318.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 852.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 8316, + "total": 9865 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 578000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1548000.0, + "p95": 2794100.0, + "min": 1176000.0, + "max": 4766000.0, + "mean": 1687803.0, + "stddev": 574189.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 646.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 10734, + "total": 12283 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 818500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1845000.0, + "p95": 3095050.0, + "min": 1486000.0, + "max": 7336000.0, + "mean": 2015174.0, + "stddev": 609867.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 542.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 14010, + "total": 15559 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1062000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1679000.0, + "p95": 1695000.0, + "min": 1661000.0, + "max": 1892000.0, + "mean": 1680806.0, + "stddev": 10855.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 595.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 4365, + "total": 5914 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 495000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 206000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 206000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 25109500.0, + "p95": 25706050.0, + "min": 24398000.0, + "max": 34528000.0, + "mean": 25174696.0, + "stddev": 499625.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 39.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1549, + "server_to_client": 36417, + "total": 37966 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1469, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 22992500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 44000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 88000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20443500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20443500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 1161000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 2322000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1164000.0, + "p95": 2027150.0, + "min": 971000.0, + "max": 3256000.0, + "mean": 1289007.0, + "stddev": 348314.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 859.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 8349, + "total": 9931 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1541000.0, + "p95": 2808250.0, + "min": 1170000.0, + "max": 5098000.0, + "mean": 1683775.0, + "stddev": 553992.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 648.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 10767, + "total": 12349 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1837000.0, + "p95": 3079050.0, + "min": 1478000.0, + "max": 5424000.0, + "mean": 1991807.0, + "stddev": 576081.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 544.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 14043, + "total": 15625 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1667000.0, + "p95": 1682000.0, + "min": 1653000.0, + "max": 1714000.0, + "mean": 1669042.0, + "stddev": 7630.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 599.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 4396, + "total": 5978 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 206000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 206000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 24923000.0, + "p95": 25430000.0, + "min": 24253000.0, + "max": 27939000.0, + "mean": 24963486.0, + "stddev": 360805.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 40.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1582, + "server_to_client": 36450, + "total": 38032 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1502, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20443500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20443500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 1161000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 2322000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 924000.0, + "p95": 1643550.0, + "min": 745000.0, + "max": 3206000.0, + "mean": 1029776.0, + "stddev": 330459.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1082.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 7964, + "total": 9097 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 385000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1314000.0, + "p95": 2564250.0, + "min": 943000.0, + "max": 5012000.0, + "mean": 1466099.0, + "stddev": 581826.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 761.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 10382, + "total": 11515 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 625500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1608000.0, + "p95": 3025100.0, + "min": 1248000.0, + "max": 5499000.0, + "mean": 1803413.0, + "stddev": 628965.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 621.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 13658, + "total": 14791 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 869000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1436000.0, + "p95": 1451000.0, + "min": 1421000.0, + "max": 1608000.0, + "mean": 1437680.0, + "stddev": 11361.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 696.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 4016, + "total": 5149 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 302000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 206000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 206000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 24634000.0, + "p95": 25177250.0, + "min": 24072000.0, + "max": 78107000.0, + "mean": 24743382.0, + "stddev": 1792214.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 40.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1133, + "server_to_client": 36065, + "total": 37198 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1053, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 22799500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 10000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 10000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 11000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 13000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20443500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20443500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 1161000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 2322000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 976000.0, + "p95": 1690400.0, + "min": 793000.0, + "max": 3842000.0, + "mean": 1086542.0, + "stddev": 322760.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1024.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 8284, + "total": 9801 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 404000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1359000.0, + "p95": 2475600.0, + "min": 990000.0, + "max": 4670000.0, + "mean": 1470229.0, + "stddev": 523264.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 735.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 10702, + "total": 12219 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 644500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1654000.0, + "p95": 2936000.0, + "min": 1296000.0, + "max": 5543000.0, + "mean": 1807310.0, + "stddev": 572134.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 604.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 13978, + "total": 15495 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 888000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1484000.0, + "p95": 1499000.0, + "min": 1472000.0, + "max": 1519000.0, + "mean": 1485462.0, + "stddev": 7073.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 673.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 4333, + "total": 5850 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 321000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 206000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 206000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 24717000.0, + "p95": 25238400.0, + "min": 24114000.0, + "max": 28024000.0, + "mean": 24736136.0, + "stddev": 343573.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 40.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1517, + "server_to_client": 36385, + "total": 37902 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1437, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 22818500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 17000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 17000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20443500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20443500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 1161000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 2322000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1044000.0, + "p95": 1826150.0, + "min": 855000.0, + "max": 3500000.0, + "mean": 1170378.0, + "stddev": 334859.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 957.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 8764, + "total": 10665 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 431000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 217000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 217000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 134000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1423000.0, + "p95": 2660050.0, + "min": 1052000.0, + "max": 4633000.0, + "mean": 1564442.0, + "stddev": 565431.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 702.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 11182, + "total": 13083 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 671500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 373500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 373500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 109000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 218000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1722000.0, + "p95": 3141000.0, + "min": 1362000.0, + "max": 5448000.0, + "mean": 1884498.0, + "stddev": 592270.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 580.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 14458, + "total": 16359 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 915000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 475000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 475000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 180000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 360000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1544000.0, + "p95": 1559000.0, + "min": 1530000.0, + "max": 1590000.0, + "mean": 1544990.0, + "stddev": 7399.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 647.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 4814, + "total": 6715 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 348000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 206000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 206000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 31000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 62000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 24799000.0, + "p95": 25211150.0, + "min": 24100000.0, + "max": 34140000.0, + "mean": 24816878.0, + "stddev": 424920.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 40.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1901, + "server_to_client": 36865, + "total": 38766 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1821, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 22845500.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 24000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 24000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 26000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 30000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 30000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20443500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20443500.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 1161000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 2322000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 257000.0, + "p95": 263000.0, + "min": 255000.0, + "max": 275000.0, + "mean": 257357.0, + "stddev": 2349.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3891.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 312, + "server_to_client": 824, + "total": 1136 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 232, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 163000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 27000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 39000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 78000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 314000.0, + "p95": 319000.0, + "min": 312000.0, + "max": 335000.0, + "mean": 314269.0, + "stddev": 2173.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3184.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 1912, + "total": 3408 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 209000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 27000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 39000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 78000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 358000.0, + "p95": 366000.0, + "min": 356000.0, + "max": 430000.0, + "mean": 359359.0, + "stddev": 4106.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2793.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1529, + "server_to_client": 1945, + "total": 3474 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1449, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 249000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 13000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 26000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 45000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 90000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 39000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 78000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 237000.0, + "p95": 239000.0, + "min": 235000.0, + "max": 264000.0, + "mean": 237409.0, + "stddev": 1791.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 4219.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 1880, + "total": 3344 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 133000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 39000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 78000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 258000.0, + "p95": 264000.0, + "min": 256000.0, + "max": 294000.0, + "mean": 259092.0, + "stddev": 2686.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3876.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 2360, + "total": 4208 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 152000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 19000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 9000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 9000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 39000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 78000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 369000.0, + "p95": 489000.0, + "min": 337000.0, + "max": 636000.0, + "mean": 384450.0, + "stddev": 48581.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2710.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 7930, + "total": 9426 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 238000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 27000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 66000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 66000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 25000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 50000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 445000.0, + "p95": 601050.0, + "min": 400000.0, + "max": 1062000.0, + "mean": 463897.0, + "stddev": 71549.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2247.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 10348, + "total": 11844 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 312000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 27000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 552000.0, + "p95": 730000.0, + "min": 503000.0, + "max": 1107000.0, + "mean": 573947.0, + "stddev": 77943.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1811.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 13624, + "total": 15120 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 403000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 11000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22000.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 27000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54000.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 141000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 141000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 70000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 140000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 286000.0, + "p95": 397050.0, + "min": 259000.0, + "max": 621000.0, + "mean": 302235.0, + "stddev": 50247.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3496.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 7898, + "total": 9362 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 162000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 66000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 66000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 25000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 50000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 371000.0, + "p95": 532050.0, + "min": 324000.0, + "max": 812000.0, + "mean": 391007.0, + "stddev": 71815.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2695.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 10316, + "total": 11780 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 236000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 475000.0, + "p95": 666050.0, + "min": 426000.0, + "max": 1012000.0, + "mean": 499969.0, + "stddev": 82626.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2105.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 13592, + "total": 15056 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 327000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 14000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 14000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 16000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 16000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 141000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 141000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 70000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 140000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 310000.0, + "p95": 429050.0, + "min": 281000.0, + "max": 641000.0, + "mean": 326276.0, + "stddev": 49025.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 3225.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 8378, + "total": 10226 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 181000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 19000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 66000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 66000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 25000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 50000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 383500.0, + "p95": 560000.0, + "min": 344000.0, + "max": 842000.0, + "mean": 407482.0, + "stddev": 69083.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2607.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 10796, + "total": 12644 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 255000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 19000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 104000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 104000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 43000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 86000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 492000.0, + "p95": 665100.0, + "min": 446000.0, + "max": 1323000.0, + "mean": 513992.0, + "stddev": 79837.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 2032.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 14072, + "total": 15920 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 346000.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 19000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 19000.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23000.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 141000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 141000.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 70000.0, + "subtotal_ns": 140000.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely; native OpenSSL cannot negotiate it either (TLS codepoints still draft) - across both production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental oqs-provider" + } + ] + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff 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+ "tool_version": "0.2.0", + "generated_utc": "2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "is_baseline_grade": true, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [], + "host": { + "hostname": "rasberrypi5", + "os": "linux", + "os_pretty": "Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)", + "arch": "aarch64", + "kernel": "6.18.33+rpt-rpi-2712", + "is_rpi": true, + "rpi_model": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", + "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", + "ncpu": 4, + "ram_bytes": 8454029312 + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "/proc/cpuinfo", + "neon": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": false, + "sha512": false, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-20T14:32:39Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "duration_s": 1716, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "performance", + "governor_after": "performance", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": true, + "taskset_cmd": "taskset -c 3", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + 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1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.6", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=cortex-a76", + "target_features_compiled": [ + "aes", + "crc", + "dotprod", + "dpb", + "fp16", + "lor", + "lse", + "neon", + "pan", + "pmuv3", + "ras", + "rcpc", + "rdm", + "sha2", + "ssbs", + "vh" + ], + "cpu_features_runtime": { + "neon": true, + "aes": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": false + }, + "crate_versions": { + "ml-kem": "0.3.2", + "ml-dsa": "0.1.1", + "slh-dsa": "0.2.0-rc.5", + "x25519-dalek": "3.0.0", + "ed25519-dalek": "3.0.0" + }, + "signing_mode": "hedged (randomized), matching liboqs 0.15.0 for both ML-DSA and SLH-DSA", + "verify_semantics": "verify = decode public key from wire bytes + verify (matches OQS_SIG_verify, which re-expands from pk bytes per call, and the per-handshake TLS pattern); verify_cached_key = pre-parsed key object with expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": 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via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + }, + { + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "kind": "sig", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "enabled": true, + "claimed_nist_level": 5, + "sizes": { + "public_key": 2592, + "signature": 4627 + }, + "operations": { + "keygen": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 248, + "timed_iters": 1238, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 201906.11, + "samples": 6190, + "median": 201966.0, + "mad": 110.0, + "iqr": 222.0, + "q1": 201837.0, + "q3": 202059.0, + "min": 196114.0, + "max": 234245.0, + "mean": 201815.52, + "stddev": 1451.24, + "ops_per_sec": 4951.33, + "per_rep_median": [ + 201985.0, + 201948.0, + 201947.0, + 201948.0, + 201967.0 + ] + }, + "sign": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 115, + "timed_iters": 576, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 433983.37, + "samples": 2880, + "median": 348987.0, + "mad": 101723.0, + "iqr": 216402.0, + "q1": 249226.0, + "q3": 465628.0, + "min": 246856.0, + "max": 1818549.0, + "mean": 401271.97, + "stddev": 184378.95, + "ops_per_sec": 2865.44, + "per_rep_median": [ + 356589.5, + 346543.0, + 344681.5, + 343839.0, + 352293.0 + ] + }, + "verify": { + "unit": "ns", + "warmup_iters": 258, + "timed_iters": 1289, + "repetitions": 5, + "calibrated": true, + "calib_est_ns": 193997.74, + "samples": 6445, + "median": 193818.0, + "mad": 37.0, + "iqr": 74.0, + "q1": 193781.0, + "q3": 193855.0, + "min": 193632.0, + "max": 229763.0, + "mean": 194017.67, + "stddev": 1312.23, + "ops_per_sec": 5159.48, + "per_rep_median": [ + 193781.0, + 193836.0, + 193818.0, + 193836.0, + 193818.0 + ] + } + }, + "total": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 744771.0, + "operations": [ + "keygen", + "sign", + "verify" + ], + "note": "sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency" + }, + "acceleration": { + "arithmetic": { + "path": "aws-lc-native", + "detail": "AWS-LC C/assembly via the aws-lc-rs FFI wrapper \u2014 measured to price rustls-awslc handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + } + ], + "tls": { + "available": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "baseline": { + "kem_group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "label": "X25519+ed25519" + }, + "matrix": [ + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1303818.0, + "p95": 1315377.7, + "min": 1297706.0, + "max": 1742844.0, + "mean": 1308303.7, + "stddev": 28011.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 767.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 306, + "server_to_client": 1212, + "total": 1518 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 226, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 790788.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57574.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57574.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1643453.0, + "p95": 1657377.6, + "min": 1635194.0, + "max": 2195295.0, + "mean": 1649984.2, + "stddev": 41908.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 608.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 2300, + "total": 3782 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 889898.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57574.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57574.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1673879.5, + "p95": 1687282.9, + "min": 1664305.0, + "max": 2254667.0, + "mean": 1678176.4, + "stddev": 33562.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 597.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1515, + "server_to_client": 2333, + "total": 3848 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1435, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57574.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57574.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1052267.0, + "p95": 1063040.6, + "min": 1044091.0, + "max": 1538266.0, + "mean": 1056316.3, + "stddev": 27261.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 950.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 1948, + "total": 3014 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 409459.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57574.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57574.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1165324.0, + "p95": 1177304.4, + "min": 1158741.0, + "max": 1610415.0, + "mean": 1171030.1, + "stddev": 34878.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 858.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 2268, + "total": 3718 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 445978.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57574.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57574.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1279363.5, + "p95": 1291359.6, + "min": 1271872.0, + "max": 1779270.0, + "mean": 1284067.9, + "stddev": 29944.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 781.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 2748, + "total": 4582 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 494330.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57574.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57574.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2642264.5, + "p95": 4724046.5, + "min": 2210888.0, + "max": 8889292.0, + "mean": 2971998.5, + "stddev": 875969.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 378.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 8318, + "total": 9800 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1179189.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3546908.5, + "p95": 6460090.1, + "min": 2660339.0, + "max": 16381151.0, + "mean": 3889864.3, + "stddev": 1341976.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 281.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 10736, + "total": 12218 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1595998.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 4192695.5, + "p95": 7114732.0, + "min": 3347478.0, + "max": 13811957.0, + "mean": 4497823.8, + "stddev": 1327143.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 238.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 14012, + "total": 15494 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1988086.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2067087.5, + "p95": 4147666.8, + "min": 1638118.0, + "max": 7494673.0, + "mean": 2394068.6, + "stddev": 883402.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 483.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 7966, + "total": 9032 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 698750.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2984361.0, + "p95": 5918027.8, + "min": 2106773.0, + "max": 12033056.0, + "mean": 3279540.6, + "stddev": 1313853.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 335.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 10384, + "total": 11450 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1115559.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3670436.0, + "p95": 7013232.0, + "min": 2821821.0, + "max": 13285741.0, + "mean": 4133282.2, + "stddev": 1472421.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 272.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 13660, + "total": 14726 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1507647.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2175931.0, + "p95": 3850755.8, + "min": 1747842.0, + "max": 8026473.0, + "mean": 2445296.0, + "stddev": 770428.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 459.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 8286, + "total": 9736 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 735269.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3070000.0, + "p95": 6286987.7, + "min": 2184421.0, + "max": 14192936.0, + "mean": 3429181.1, + "stddev": 1384705.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 325.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 10704, + "total": 12154 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1152078.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3711638.5, + "p95": 7056028.3, + "min": 2866191.0, + "max": 15836512.0, + "mean": 4094992.3, + "stddev": 1460800.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 269.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 13980, + "total": 15430 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1544166.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2341932.5, + "p95": 4425032.2, + "min": 1907806.0, + "max": 7974857.0, + "mean": 2658616.9, + "stddev": 818170.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 427.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 8766, + "total": 10600 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 783621.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3202908.0, + "p95": 6714608.8, + "min": 2317589.0, + "max": 13165340.0, + "mean": 3634853.8, + "stddev": 1478817.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 312.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 11184, + "total": 13018 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1200430.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3885158.5, + "p95": 7221608.7, + "min": 3039729.0, + "max": 12337641.0, + "mean": 4257672.8, + "stddev": 1440767.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 257.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 14460, + "total": 16294 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1592518.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2675195.0, + "p95": 4754347.3, + "min": 2245865.0, + "max": 7064638.0, + "mean": 2966296.7, + "stddev": 802613.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 373.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 8316, + "total": 9874 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1179189.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3576152.5, + "p95": 6793181.6, + "min": 2691963.0, + "max": 15543146.0, + "mean": 3940765.2, + "stddev": 1447693.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 279.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 10734, + "total": 12292 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1595998.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 4225179.5, + "p95": 7568345.1, + "min": 3379639.0, + "max": 13424592.0, + "mean": 4597439.9, + "stddev": 1417389.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 236.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 14010, + "total": 15568 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1988086.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3276453.0, + "p95": 3303993.2, + "min": 3251730.0, + "max": 4327318.0, + "mean": 3286411.0, + "stddev": 75531.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 305.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 4359, + "total": 5917 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 934600.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290052.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290052.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50759.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101518.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43611561.5, + "p95": 44032220.1, + "min": 43120526.0, + "max": 46445842.0, + "mean": 43644455.0, + "stddev": 231256.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 36417, + "total": 37975 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 40716418.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56647.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113294.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165313.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330626.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 35785962.5, + "subtotal_ns": 35785962.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2193713.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4387426.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2714606.0, + "p95": 4585020.8, + "min": 2282972.0, + "max": 8988273.0, + "mean": 2973737.0, + "stddev": 785259.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 368.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 8349, + "total": 9940 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3620357.5, + "p95": 6827196.2, + "min": 2731883.0, + "max": 12970337.0, + "mean": 3993931.3, + "stddev": 1359034.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 276.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 10767, + "total": 12358 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 4298512.5, + "p95": 7222961.0, + "min": 3451150.0, + "max": 15559901.0, + "mean": 4573943.1, + "stddev": 1299651.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 232.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 14043, + "total": 15634 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3234500.0, + "p95": 3273468.5, + "min": 3207851.0, + "max": 4268326.0, + "mean": 3249030.4, + "stddev": 92973.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 309.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 4396, + "total": 5987 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290052.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290052.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50759.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101518.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43885456.5, + "p95": 44291992.7, + "min": 43436579.0, + "max": 46712716.0, + "mean": 43906287.3, + "stddev": 234843.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 36450, + "total": 38041 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 35785962.5, + "subtotal_ns": 35785962.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2193713.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4387426.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2110835.0, + "p95": 3987458.0, + "min": 1680442.0, + "max": 8571527.0, + "mean": 2406687.5, + "stddev": 804512.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 473.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 7964, + "total": 9106 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 698750.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3011686.0, + "p95": 5945297.5, + "min": 2130020.0, + "max": 10894419.0, + "mean": 3305796.2, + "stddev": 1275684.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 332.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 10382, + "total": 11524 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1115559.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3645719.5, + "p95": 6576949.2, + "min": 2799304.0, + "max": 10740470.0, + "mean": 4009398.3, + "stddev": 1304649.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 274.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 13658, + "total": 14800 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1507647.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2600357.0, + "p95": 2624052.2, + "min": 2577043.0, + "max": 3513792.0, + "mean": 2609606.2, + "stddev": 69785.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 384.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 4006, + "total": 5148 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 454161.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290052.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290052.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50759.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101518.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 42759218.5, + "p95": 43133184.2, + "min": 42264238.0, + "max": 45572388.0, + "mean": 42781685.0, + "stddev": 213012.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 23.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 36065, + "total": 37207 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 40235979.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18166.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18166.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20499.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20499.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23926.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23926.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 35785962.5, + "subtotal_ns": 35785962.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2193713.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4387426.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2191795.0, + "p95": 4072287.9, + "min": 1762069.0, + "max": 6779646.0, + "mean": 2462281.0, + "stddev": 778660.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 456.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 8284, + "total": 9810 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 735269.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3104199.5, + "p95": 6039552.1, + "min": 2220591.0, + "max": 10426007.0, + "mean": 3430956.5, + "stddev": 1319087.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 322.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 10702, + "total": 12228 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1152078.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3797871.5, + "p95": 6771489.6, + "min": 2950374.0, + "max": 14257701.0, + "mean": 4161369.2, + "stddev": 1387968.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 263.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 13978, + "total": 15504 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1544166.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2686224.0, + "p95": 2713250.4, + "min": 2659686.0, + "max": 3657509.0, + "mean": 2696117.3, + "stddev": 72525.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 372.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 4329, + "total": 5855 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 490680.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290052.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290052.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50759.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101518.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 44022291.0, + "p95": 44387911.8, + "min": 43483010.0, + "max": 46826869.0, + "mean": 44036674.5, + "stddev": 224954.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 36385, + "total": 37911 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 40272498.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29870.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29870.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31907.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31907.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37333.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37333.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 35785962.5, + "subtotal_ns": 35785962.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2193713.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4387426.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2351875.5, + "p95": 4407859.3, + "min": 1922068.0, + "max": 7821936.0, + "mean": 2643856.7, + "stddev": 809449.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 425.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 8764, + "total": 10674 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 783621.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397865.5, + "subtotal_ns": 397865.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119147.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238294.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3217778.5, + "p95": 6144981.5, + "min": 2332089.0, + "max": 12269500.0, + "mean": 3565339.7, + "stddev": 1378730.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 310.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 11182, + "total": 13092 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1200430.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674677.0, + "subtotal_ns": 674677.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189145.5, + "subtotal_ns": 378291.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3872680.5, + "p95": 7210130.8, + "min": 3024240.0, + "max": 11794385.0, + "mean": 4270709.7, + "stddev": 1398614.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 258.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 14458, + "total": 16368 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1592518.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833916.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833916.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305570.0, + "subtotal_ns": 611140.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2820479.0, + "p95": 2846062.3, + "min": 2791183.0, + "max": 3918541.0, + "mean": 2828505.5, + "stddev": 65771.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 354.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 4808, + "total": 6718 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 539032.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290052.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290052.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50759.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101518.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43513600.5, + "p95": 43945152.9, + "min": 42966986.0, + "max": 45977212.0, + "mean": 43532681.0, + "stddev": 264879.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 23.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 36865, + "total": 38775 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 40320850.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44185.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44185.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47777.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47777.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55500.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55500.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 35785962.5, + "subtotal_ns": 35785962.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2193713.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4387426.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 537318.0, + "p95": 544733.3, + "min": 536002.0, + "max": 708726.0, + "mean": 539582.1, + "stddev": 11088.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1861.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 312, + "server_to_client": 824, + "total": 1136 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 232, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 386527.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21112.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42224.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46853.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93706.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22519.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22519.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 114039.0, + "subtotal_ns": 228078.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 657290.0, + "p95": 666030.8, + "min": 655373.0, + "max": 870245.0, + "mean": 660148.2, + "stddev": 13660.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1521.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 1912, + "total": 3408 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 483732.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21112.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42224.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46853.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93706.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22519.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22519.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 114039.0, + "subtotal_ns": 228078.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 799652.0, + "p95": 809598.8, + "min": 797170.0, + "max": 894134.0, + "mean": 801606.0, + "stddev": 5660.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1250.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1529, + "server_to_client": 1945, + "total": 3474 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1449, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 614140.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 26908.0, + "subtotal_ns": 53816.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 106261.0, + "subtotal_ns": 212522.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22519.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22519.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 114039.0, + "subtotal_ns": 228078.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 518530.0, + "p95": 527108.8, + "min": 516835.0, + "max": 710337.0, + "mean": 521220.0, + "stddev": 12451.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1928.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 1880, + "total": 3344 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 347802.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22519.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22519.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 114039.0, + "subtotal_ns": 228078.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 571216.0, + "p95": 581079.8, + "min": 569206.0, + "max": 803263.0, + "mean": 574260.3, + "stddev": 13338.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1750.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 2360, + "total": 4208 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 396044.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 42964.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42964.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47631.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47631.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54852.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54852.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22519.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22519.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 114039.0, + "subtotal_ns": 228078.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 751800.0, + "p95": 1014012.9, + "min": 685281.0, + "max": 1514396.0, + "mean": 789141.3, + "stddev": 111857.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1330.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 7930, + "total": 9426 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 526456.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21112.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42224.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46853.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93706.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 157985.0, + "subtotal_ns": 157985.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67668.0, + "subtotal_ns": 135336.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 942846.5, + "p95": 1318319.6, + "min": 846467.0, + "max": 2202140.0, + "mean": 998892.9, + "stddev": 165619.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1060.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 10348, + "total": 11844 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 715534.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21112.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42224.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46853.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93706.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 256579.0, + "subtotal_ns": 256579.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 112910.0, + "subtotal_ns": 225820.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1244940.5, + "p95": 1672442.9, + "min": 1132635.0, + "max": 2963569.0, + "mean": 1301196.2, + "stddev": 186583.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 803.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 13624, + "total": 15120 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 969758.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21112.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42224.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46853.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93706.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 348987.0, + "subtotal_ns": 348987.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 193818.0, + "subtotal_ns": 387636.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 610678.0, + "p95": 854215.4, + "min": 543391.0, + "max": 1088634.0, + "mean": 643368.0, + "stddev": 101825.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1637.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 7898, + "total": 9362 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 390526.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 157985.0, + "subtotal_ns": 157985.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67668.0, + "subtotal_ns": 135336.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 811920.0, + "p95": 1232152.3, + "min": 705744.0, + "max": 1921620.0, + "mean": 863420.2, + "stddev": 173820.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1231.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 10316, + "total": 11780 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 579604.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 256579.0, + "subtotal_ns": 256579.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 112910.0, + "subtotal_ns": 225820.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1100931.0, + "p95": 1576239.5, + "min": 991060.0, + "max": 2384066.0, + "mean": 1161894.3, + "stddev": 199520.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 908.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 13592, + "total": 15056 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 833828.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28464.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37019.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37019.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 348987.0, + "subtotal_ns": 348987.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 193818.0, + "subtotal_ns": 387636.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 662827.0, + "p95": 899673.1, + "min": 597780.0, + "max": 1298357.0, + "mean": 696983.3, + "stddev": 108646.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1508.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 8378, + "total": 10226 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 438768.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 42964.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42964.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47631.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47631.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54852.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54852.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 157985.0, + "subtotal_ns": 157985.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67668.0, + "subtotal_ns": 135336.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 871281.5, + "p95": 1275149.8, + "min": 757947.0, + "max": 1871434.0, + "mean": 921557.0, + "stddev": 174052.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1147.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 10796, + "total": 12644 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 627846.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 42964.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42964.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47631.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47631.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54852.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54852.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 256579.0, + "subtotal_ns": 256579.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 112910.0, + "subtotal_ns": 225820.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1153218.0, + "p95": 1574762.2, + "min": 1047597.0, + "max": 2084546.0, + "mean": 1204884.2, + "stddev": 178329.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 867.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 14072, + "total": 15920 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 882070.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 42964.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42964.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47631.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47631.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54852.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54852.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 348987.0, + "subtotal_ns": 348987.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 193818.0, + "subtotal_ns": 387636.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely; native OpenSSL cannot negotiate it either (TLS codepoints still draft) - across both production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental oqs-provider" + } + ] + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff 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3642930.0, + "p95": 6772035.7, + "min": 2796895.0, + "max": 14074325.0, + "mean": 4011431.0, + "stddev": 1408790.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 274.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 13636, + "total": 14778 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem512", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2640093.5, + "p95": 2668171.4, + "min": 2616788.0, + "max": 3717132.0, + "mean": 2650375.6, + "stddev": 77865.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 378.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 3987, + "total": 5129 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem512", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43658389.5, + "p95": 43976399.5, + "min": 43109136.0, + "max": 44627711.0, + "mean": 43679970.9, + "stddev": 183797.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 36042, + "total": 37184 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem768", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2198585.0, + "p95": 4279321.5, + "min": 1766457.0, + "max": 6589598.0, + "mean": 2508422.0, + "stddev": 824858.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 454.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 8262, + "total": 9788 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem768", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3118849.5, + "p95": 6327907.5, + "min": 2233612.0, + "max": 10992620.0, + "mean": 3498360.7, + "stddev": 1372868.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 320.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 10680, + "total": 12206 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem768", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3746195.5, + "p95": 7079858.1, + "min": 2899132.0, + "max": 12131684.0, + "mean": 4153004.0, + "stddev": 1376244.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 266.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 13956, + "total": 15482 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem768", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2673231.0, + "p95": 2696151.9, + "min": 2648695.0, + "max": 3547210.0, + "mean": 2679716.2, + "stddev": 52595.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 374.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 4305, + "total": 5831 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem768", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43410480.5, + "p95": 43826873.5, + "min": 42962388.0, + "max": 44616478.0, + "mean": 43437559.6, + "stddev": 205174.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 23.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 36362, + "total": 37888 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2314729.5, + "p95": 4193902.5, + "min": 1886824.0, + "max": 7106251.0, + "mean": 2602229.0, + "stddev": 830551.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 432.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 8742, + "total": 10652 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3227994.5, + "p95": 6155838.8, + "min": 2341923.0, + "max": 10523463.0, + "mean": 3551842.4, + "stddev": 1343845.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 309.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 11160, + "total": 13070 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3872136.0, + "p95": 7218468.8, + "min": 3023721.0, + "max": 16403262.0, + "mean": 4292413.4, + "stddev": 1442053.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 258.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 14436, + "total": 16346 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2823958.0, + "p95": 2853301.9, + "min": 2801376.0, + "max": 3670909.0, + "mean": 2832083.8, + "stddev": 58434.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 354.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 4790, + "total": 6700 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43571912.0, + "p95": 43915774.1, + "min": 43110120.0, + "max": 44724673.0, + "mean": 43587041.1, + "stddev": 191997.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 23.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 36842, + "total": 38752 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400 + } + ] + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..c8fe6a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh @@ -0,0 +1,377 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# run.sh — measurement wrapper + orchestrator. +# +# Does the things that make a number credible: +# * sets the CPU governor to `performance` (Linux; warns elsewhere) +# * pins the benchmark to a single isolated core via taskset (core 3 on RPi5; +# core 3 stays clear of CPU0 where the kernel steers IRQs/RPS) +# * logs ARM clock + SoC temperature throughout, embeds the trace in results, +# and warns on thermal throttling +# * runs every candidate from config.yaml, then assembles one results JSON +# stamped with full host + toolchain provenance. +# +# Usage: +# ./run.sh # full run using config.yaml knobs +# ./run.sh --smoke # tiny iteration counts: pipeline smoke test +# ./run.sh --kemsig-only # skip the TLS layer +# ./run.sh --tls-only # only the TLS layer +# ./run.sh --iters N --warmup N --reps N # override measurement knobs +# +# Prefer `make run` / `make smoke`: on Linux they cache sudo credentials once +# so the CPU-governor step (the ONLY privileged operation) can escalate via +# `sudo -n`, while the measurement itself runs as your user. NOSUDO=1 (or +# declining sudo) still completes the run with the governor demerit recorded. +# ============================================================================= +set -euo pipefail + +ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)" +TOOL_VERSION="0.2.0" +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$ROOT/setup/lib_platform.sh" +# shellcheck source=setup/versions.env +source "$ROOT/setup/versions.env" +LOCK="$ROOT/setup/versions.lock" +[ -f "$LOCK" ] && source "$LOCK" || pqb_warn "no versions.lock — run ./setup/setup.sh first" + +pqb_detect_platform + +# `set -e` deaths must never be silent: report the failing command and line. +# (A generic-x86 run previously exited 1 with no output at all when a +# platform probe failed mid-run — this trap makes that class of failure +# diagnosable wherever it happens next.) +set -E # errtrace: without it the ERR trap does not fire inside functions +trap 'pqb_err "run.sh aborted at line $LINENO while running: $BASH_COMMAND"' ERR + +# Rust flag parity with the C side (recorded in the Rust provenance blocks): +# the same host-tuning the C builds got, expressed as target-cpu. +case "${CFLAGS_TARGET:-}" in + cortex-a76) export RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=cortex-a76" ;; + apple-m*|apple-silicon) export RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=native" ;; +esac + +# ---- args ------------------------------------------------------------------ +SMOKE=0; DO_KEMSIG=1; DO_TLS=1 +OVR_ITERS=""; OVR_WARMUP=""; OVR_REPS="" +while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do + case "$1" in + --smoke) SMOKE=1 ;; + --kemsig-only) DO_TLS=0 ;; + --tls-only) DO_KEMSIG=0 ;; + --no-tls) DO_TLS=0 ;; + --iters) OVR_ITERS="$2"; shift ;; + --warmup) OVR_WARMUP="$2"; shift ;; + --reps) OVR_REPS="$2"; shift ;; + -h|--help) grep '^#' "$0" | sed 's/^# \{0,1\}//'; exit 0 ;; + *) pqb_err "unknown arg: $1"; exit 2 ;; + esac + shift +done + +# ---- measurement knobs (config.yaml, overridable) -------------------------- +# Sets TARGET_TIME_MS MIN_SAMPLES MAX_ITERS REPS CYCLES_MODE (auto-calibration, +# the default path) plus WARMUP ITERS (the fixed-count fallback). +eval "$(python3 "$ROOT/bench/lib/list_algs.py" measurement "$ROOT/config.yaml")" + +# Mode: auto-calibrate per op (default) unless --iters forces a fixed count. +CALIB_MODE="auto" +if [ -n "$OVR_ITERS" ]; then CALIB_MODE="fixed"; ITERS="$OVR_ITERS"; fi +[ -n "$OVR_WARMUP" ] && WARMUP="$OVR_WARMUP" +[ -n "$OVR_REPS" ] && REPS="$OVR_REPS" +if [ "$SMOKE" = 1 ]; then + # Keep auto-calibration (so each op still reaches target) but a single rep, so + # the sweep stays short. This is a pipeline test, NOT measurement data. + REPS=1 + pqb_warn "SMOKE MODE: reps=1 — pipeline test only, NOT measurement data" +fi + +# Assemble the per-op sizing args passed to every bench_pq invocation. +if [ "$CALIB_MODE" = "fixed" ]; then + BENCH_SIZE_ARGS=(--warmup "$WARMUP" --iters "$ITERS" --reps "$REPS") + pqb_log "sizing: FIXED-count warmup=$WARMUP iters=$ITERS reps=$REPS" +else + BENCH_SIZE_ARGS=(--target-time-ms "$TARGET_TIME_MS" --min-samples "$MIN_SAMPLES" \ + --max-iters "$MAX_ITERS" --reps "$REPS") + pqb_log "sizing: AUTO-calibrate target=${TARGET_TIME_MS}ms min_samples=$MIN_SAMPLES max_iters=$MAX_ITERS reps=$REPS" +fi +BENCH_CORE="${BENCH_CORE:-3}" +export PQB_BENCH_CORE="$BENCH_CORE" + +# ---- work directory -------------------------------------------------------- +HOST="$(pqb_resolve_hostname)" +TS="$(date -u +%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ)" +WORK="$ROOT/results/.work-$HOST-$TS" +mkdir -p "$WORK" "$ROOT/results" +KEMSIG_OUT="$WORK/kemsig.jsonl"; : > "$KEMSIG_OUT" +TLS_OUT="$WORK/tls.json" +RUST_TLS_PROV="" # set when the TLS layer runs (rustls provenance path) +THERMAL="$WORK/thermal.csv"; : > "$THERMAL" +META="$WORK/meta.env" +FEATURES="$WORK/cpu_features.json" +WARN_ACC="" + +add_warn() { WARN_ACC="${WARN_ACC:+$WARN_ACC||}$1"; pqb_warn "$1"; } + +# ---- governor -------------------------------------------------------------- +GOV_BEFORE="$(pqb_get_governor)" +GOV_AFTER="$(pqb_set_governor_performance || true)" +GOV_REQUESTED="performance" +if [ "$GOV_AFTER" != "performance" ]; then + add_warn "governor is '$GOV_AFTER', not 'performance' (on Linux run via 'make run' so the governor step can escalate; no governor control on macOS)" +fi + +# ---- core pinning ---------------------------------------------------------- +TASKSET="$(pqb_taskset_prefix "$BENCH_CORE")" +if [ -n "$TASKSET" ]; then + PINNED=1; pqb_log "pinning to core $BENCH_CORE via: $TASKSET" +else + PINNED=0; add_warn "core pinning unavailable (no taskset/numactl) — results will be noisier" +fi + +# ---- thermal sampler (background) ------------------------------------------ +SAMPLE_INTERVAL="${SAMPLE_INTERVAL:-1}" +pqb_log "starting thermal/clock sampler (every ${SAMPLE_INTERVAL}s) -> $THERMAL" +( while :; do pqb_sample_thermal >> "$THERMAL" 2>/dev/null; sleep "$SAMPLE_INTERVAL"; done ) & +SAMPLER_PID=$! +disown "$SAMPLER_PID" 2>/dev/null || true # suppress job-control "Terminated" noise on kill +# shellcheck disable=SC2064 +trap "kill $SAMPLER_PID 2>/dev/null || true" EXIT +pqb_sample_thermal >> "$THERMAL" 2>/dev/null || true # one immediate sample +# (|| true: on machines with no thermal telemetry the sampler records empty +# fields; a sampler hiccup must never abort a measurement run — temperature +# is then honestly reported unavailable, as on macOS) + +# ---- CPU features ---------------------------------------------------------- +pqb_cpu_features_json > "$FEATURES" +pqb_log "cpu features: $(cat "$FEATURES")" +# Report whether Keccak/SHA3 *instruction* acceleration is available + compiled. +SHA3_HW="$(python3 -c "import json;print(json.load(open('$FEATURES'))['sha3'])" 2>/dev/null || echo unknown)" +case "${LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES:-}" in + *"OQS_USE_ARM_SHA3_INSTRUCTIONS 1"*) SHA3_COMPILED=1 ;; + *) SHA3_COMPILED=0 ;; +esac +pqb_log "Keccak/SHA3: hw_instructions=$SHA3_HW liboqs_compiled_sha3=$SHA3_COMPILED (A76 has no SHA3 ext; Keccak runs on NEON there)" + +TS_START="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)" +START_EPOCH="$(date +%s)" + +# ---- build harness if needed ----------------------------------------------- +OSSL_PREFIX_FOR_BUILD="${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-$(brew --prefix openssl@3.5 2>/dev/null || echo /usr)}" +if [ ! -x "$ROOT/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq" ] || [ "$ROOT/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c" -nt "$ROOT/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq" ]; then + pqb_log "building bench_pq harness" + make -C "$ROOT/bench/kem_sig" \ + LIBOQS_PREFIX="${PREFIX:-$ROOT/vendor/install}" \ + OPENSSL_PREFIX="$OSSL_PREFIX_FOR_BUILD" \ + BENCH_CFLAGS="${BENCH_CFLAGS:--O3}" >/dev/null +fi + +# ---- KEM/sig sweep --------------------------------------------------------- +CYCLES_AVAILABLE=0; CYCLES_REASON="not probed" +if [ "$DO_KEMSIG" = 1 ]; then + if [ "$CALIB_MODE" = "fixed" ]; then + pqb_log "running KEM/sig sweep (fixed: warmup=$WARMUP iters=$ITERS reps=$REPS)" + else + pqb_log "running KEM/sig sweep (auto-calibrate: target=${TARGET_TIME_MS}ms min_samples=$MIN_SAMPLES max_iters=$MAX_ITERS reps=$REPS)" + fi + while IFS=$'\t' read -r kind alg classical; do + [ -z "$alg" ] && continue + pqb_log " $kind $alg" + ERRF="$WORK/err.$kind.$alg.txt" + # shellcheck disable=SC2086 + if $TASKSET "$ROOT/bench/kem_sig/bench_pq" --kind "$kind" --alg "$alg" \ + "${BENCH_SIZE_ARGS[@]}" >> "$KEMSIG_OUT" 2>"$ERRF"; then + : + else + add_warn "harness failed for $kind $alg (see $ERRF)" + fi + # capture PMU availability from the harness's stderr (first occurrence) + if grep -q 'cycles_available=1' "$ERRF" 2>/dev/null; then + CYCLES_AVAILABLE=1; CYCLES_REASON="$(sed -n 's/.*cycles_available=1 (\(.*\))/\1/p' "$ERRF" | head -1)" + elif [ "$CYCLES_AVAILABLE" = 0 ] && grep -q 'cycles_available=0' "$ERRF" 2>/dev/null; then + CYCLES_REASON="$(sed -n 's/.*cycles_available=0 (\(.*\))/\1/p' "$ERRF" | head -1)" + fi + done < <(python3 "$ROOT/bench/lib/list_algs.py" kemsig "$ROOT/config.yaml") +fi + +# ---- Rust (RustCrypto) KEM/sig sweep --------------------------------------- +# Second, independent measurement group: pure-Rust implementations, same +# methodology (pqb-rust replicates bench_pq.c's calibration/stats), same +# kemsig.jsonl, rows tagged implementation:"rustcrypto". If the Rust toolchain +# is absent the group is SKIPPED and the reason recorded — never faked. +RUST_PROV="$WORK/rust_provenance.json" +if [ "$DO_KEMSIG" = 1 ]; then + if command -v cargo >/dev/null 2>&1; then + pqb_log "building Rust harness (cargo build --release --locked)" + if (cd "$ROOT/bench/rust" && cargo build --release --locked) >"$WORK/rust_build.log" 2>&1; then + RBIN="$ROOT/bench/rust/target/release/pqb-rust" + "$RBIN" --provenance > "$RUST_PROV" + pqb_log "running RustCrypto KEM/sig sweep" + while IFS=$'\t' read -r kind alg; do + [ -z "$alg" ] && continue + pqb_log " rust $kind $alg" + ERRF="$WORK/err.rust.$kind.$alg.txt" + # shellcheck disable=SC2086 + if $TASKSET "$RBIN" --kind "$kind" --alg "$alg" \ + "${BENCH_SIZE_ARGS[@]}" >> "$KEMSIG_OUT" 2>"$ERRF"; then + : + else + add_warn "rust harness failed for $kind $alg (see $ERRF)" + fi + done < <("$RBIN" --list) + else + add_warn "rust harness build failed (see $WORK/rust_build.log) — rustcrypto group skipped" + echo '{"available":false,"reason":"cargo build failed (see rust_build.log in the run work dir)"}' > "$RUST_PROV" + fi + else + add_warn "cargo not installed — rustcrypto measurement group skipped" + echo '{"available":false,"reason":"Rust toolchain (cargo) not installed on this host"}' > "$RUST_PROV" + fi + + # ---- aws-lc-rs primitive PRICING rows ----------------------------------- + # The primitives the rustls-awslc TLS handshakes actually execute + # (implementation:"aws-lc-rs"). NOT an independent implementation — it + # wraps the AWS-LC C library — measured solely so the rustls handshake + # primitive sums are priced from the right code. + if command -v cargo >/dev/null 2>&1; then + pqb_log "building rustls harness for aws-lc-rs pricing rows" + if (cd "$ROOT/bench/rust-tls" && cargo build --release --locked) >"$WORK/rust_tls_build.log" 2>&1; then + RTBIN="$ROOT/bench/rust-tls/target/release/pqb-rust-tls" + pqb_log "running aws-lc-rs primitive sweep" + while IFS=$'\t' read -r kind alg; do + [ -z "$alg" ] && continue + pqb_log " aws-lc-rs $kind $alg" + ERRF="$WORK/err.awslc.$kind.$alg.txt" + # shellcheck disable=SC2086 + if $TASKSET "$RTBIN" --kind "$kind" --alg "$alg" \ + "${BENCH_SIZE_ARGS[@]}" >> "$KEMSIG_OUT" 2>"$ERRF"; then + : + else + add_warn "aws-lc-rs pricing row failed for $kind $alg (see $ERRF)" + fi + done < <("$RTBIN" --list-primitives) + else + add_warn "rust-tls build failed (see $WORK/rust_tls_build.log) — aws-lc-rs pricing rows skipped" + fi + fi +fi + +# ---- TLS layer ------------------------------------------------------------- +if [ "$DO_TLS" = 1 ]; then + if [ -x "$ROOT/bench/tls/run_tls.sh" ]; then + TLS_CONNS="$(python3 -c "import json,sys;print(json.loads(sys.argv[1]).get('connections',1000))" \ + "$(python3 "$ROOT/bench/lib/list_algs.py" tls "$ROOT/config.yaml")")" + [ "$SMOKE" = 1 ] && TLS_CONNS=50 + pqb_log "running TLS handshake matrix ($TLS_CONNS handshakes/cell)" + RUST_TLS_PROV="$WORK/rust_tls_provenance.json" + if PQB_TASKSET="$TASKSET" PQB_RUSTLS_PROV="$RUST_TLS_PROV" "$ROOT/bench/tls/run_tls.sh" \ + --out "$TLS_OUT" --connections "$TLS_CONNS" >"$WORK/tls.log" 2>&1; then + pqb_log "TLS layer done ($(grep -c '"label"' "$TLS_OUT" 2>/dev/null || echo 0) cells)" + else + add_warn "TLS layer failed or unavailable (see $WORK/tls.log) — continuing without it" + TLS_OUT="" + fi + else + pqb_warn "TLS harness not present yet — skipping (will be added)" + TLS_OUT="" + fi +fi + +# ---- stop sampler, gather timing ------------------------------------------- +kill "$SAMPLER_PID" 2>/dev/null || true +trap - EXIT +TS_END="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)" +DURATION=$(( $(date +%s) - START_EPOCH )) +GOV_AFTER_END="$(pqb_get_governor)" + +# ---- host facts ------------------------------------------------------------ +collect_host_facts() { + local cpu_brand="" ncpu="" ram="" os_pretty="" kernel + kernel="$(uname -r)" + if [ "$PQB_OS" = "macos" ]; then + cpu_brand="$(sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string 2>/dev/null)" + ncpu="$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null)" + ram="$(sysctl -n hw.memsize 2>/dev/null)" + os_pretty="macOS $(sw_vers -productVersion 2>/dev/null) ($(sw_vers -buildVersion 2>/dev/null))" + else + # aarch64 /proc/cpuinfo has no 'model name' line, so this grep misses; the + # trailing `|| true` keeps `set -o pipefail` from aborting the run (errexit) + # before the PQB_RPI_MODEL fallback below can supply the brand. + cpu_brand="$(grep -m1 'model name' /proc/cpuinfo 2>/dev/null | sed 's/.*: //' || true)" + [ -z "$cpu_brand" ] && cpu_brand="$PQB_RPI_MODEL" + ncpu="$( (command -v nproc >/dev/null && nproc) || grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo)" + ram="$(( $(grep -m1 MemTotal /proc/meminfo 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}') * 1024 ))" + os_pretty="$(. /etc/os-release 2>/dev/null; echo "$PRETTY_NAME")" + fi + { + echo "TOOL_VERSION=$TOOL_VERSION" + echo "HOSTNAME=$HOST" + echo "OS=$PQB_OS" + echo "ARCH=$PQB_ARCH" + echo "KERNEL=$kernel" + echo "OS_PRETTY=\"$os_pretty\"" + echo "IS_RPI=$PQB_IS_RPI" + echo "RPI_MODEL=\"$PQB_RPI_MODEL\"" + echo "CPU_BRAND=\"$cpu_brand\"" + echo "NCPU=$ncpu" + echo "RAM_BYTES=$ram" + echo "GOVERNOR_REQUESTED=$GOV_REQUESTED" + echo "GOVERNOR_BEFORE=$GOV_BEFORE" + echo "GOVERNOR_AFTER=$GOV_AFTER_END" + echo "BENCH_CORE=$BENCH_CORE" + echo "PINNED=$PINNED" + echo "TASKSET_CMD=\"$TASKSET\"" + echo "CALIB_MODE=$CALIB_MODE" + echo "TARGET_TIME_MS=$TARGET_TIME_MS" + echo "MIN_SAMPLES=$MIN_SAMPLES" + echo "MAX_ITERS=$MAX_ITERS" + echo "REPS=$REPS" + # warmup/timed_iters are single values only in fixed-count mode; in auto mode + # they are chosen per-op and recorded in each operation's JSON instead. + if [ "$CALIB_MODE" = "fixed" ]; then + echo "WARMUP=$WARMUP" + echo "ITERS=$ITERS" + else + echo "WARMUP=" + echo "ITERS=" + fi + echo "CYCLES_MODE=$CYCLES_MODE" + echo "CYCLES_AVAILABLE=$CYCLES_AVAILABLE" + echo "CYCLES_REASON=\"$CYCLES_REASON\"" + echo "TS_START_UTC=$TS_START" + echo "TS_END_UTC=$TS_END" + echo "DURATION_S=$DURATION" + echo "WARNINGS=\"$WARN_ACC\"" + } > "$META" +} +collect_host_facts + +# ---- assemble final results JSON ------------------------------------------- +OUT="$ROOT/results/${HOST}-${TS}.json" +python3 "$ROOT/bench/lib/assemble.py" \ + --meta "$META" --lock "$LOCK" --features "$FEATURES" \ + --kemsig "$KEMSIG_OUT" ${TLS_OUT:+--tls "$TLS_OUT"} \ + ${RUST_PROV:+--rust-provenance "$RUST_PROV"} \ + ${RUST_TLS_PROV:+--rust-tls-provenance "$RUST_TLS_PROV"} \ + --thermal "$THERMAL" --config "$ROOT/config.yaml" \ + --out "$OUT" >/dev/null + +# ---- summary --------------------------------------------------------------- +echo +pqb_log "================ RUN COMPLETE ================" +python3 - "$OUT" <<'PY' +import json,sys +d=json.load(open(sys.argv[1])) +g=d["is_baseline_grade"] +print(f" results: {sys.argv[1]}") +print(f" host: {d['host']['cpu_brand']} ({d['host']['os_pretty']})") +print(f" baseline-grade (reference platform: RPi5): {g}") +if not g: + for r in d['baseline_grade_reasons']: + print(f" - {r}") +tt=d['thermal_trace'] +print(f" thermal: {tt.get('temp_c')} throttling={tt.get('throttling_detected')}") +print(f" kem algos: {sum(1 for x in d['kem'] if x.get('enabled'))} enabled / {len(d['kem'])}") +print(f" sig algos: {sum(1 for x in d['sig'] if x.get('enabled'))} enabled / {len(d['sig'])}") +print(f" cycles available: {d['run']['cycles_available']}") +PY +pqb_log "keep raw work dir? -> $WORK (safe to delete)" diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/bench-run.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/bench-run.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..d045cd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/bench-run.sh @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# make smoke / make run — platform-aware benchmark invocation. +# +# The run needs root for exactly ONE step: writing 'performance' into the +# sysfs CPU-governor files (see pqb_set_governor_performance). Everything +# else — cargo builds, the benchmarks, results — runs as the invoking user. +# Running the whole script under sudo (the old design) bit us three times: +# root-owned results/.work-* dirs, cargo-as-root (rustup cannot resolve a +# toolchain under root's HOME), and root-owned bench/*/target artifacts. +# +# So: on Linux, cache sudo credentials up front (sudo -v — one password +# prompt, before any measurement starts) and let the governor step escalate +# per-write with non-interactive `sudo -n`. If sudo is unavailable or +# declined, the run still completes and the governor demerit is recorded +# honestly (NOSUDO=1 skips the attempt entirely; same behavior). +# +# macOS: no governor to set — no escalation of any kind. +# ============================================================================= +set -euo pipefail +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)" +cd "$HERE" + +if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ] || [ "${NOSUDO:-0}" = "1" ] || [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then + exec ./run.sh "$@" +fi + +if command -v sudo >/dev/null 2>&1 && sudo -v; then + export PQB_GOV_SUDO=1 +else + echo "[bench-run] no sudo — running fully unprivileged; the governor demerit will be recorded" >&2 +fi +exec ./run.sh "$@" diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/build-toolchain.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/build-toolchain.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..42e547b --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/build-toolchain.sh @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# make build — C toolchain + bench binaries + both Rust harnesses. +# +# Skip decisions use REAL checks, never stamp files: the C toolchain rebuild +# is skipped only when versions.lock exists AND the liboqs library AND the +# oqs-provider module it records are on disk AND the OpenSSL binary it records +# still exists and still reports the recorded version (so upgrading/removing +# OpenSSL forces a rebuild instead of being silently masked). Bench binaries +# use their Makefiles' own file-based dependency tracking; cargo tracks its +# own inputs. +# +# The Rust harnesses are ALWAYS built as the invoking (non-root) user: cargo +# under root leaves root-owned target/ trees, so we refuse. +# ============================================================================= +set -euo pipefail +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)" +cd "$HERE" +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$HERE/setup/lib_platform.sh" +pqb_detect_platform + +LOCK="$HERE/setup/versions.lock" + +toolchain_ok() { + [ -f "$LOCK" ] || { echo "no versions.lock"; return 1; } + # shellcheck disable=SC1090 + source "$LOCK" + ls "$HERE"/vendor/install/lib/liboqs.* >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "liboqs library missing"; return 1; } + [ -n "${OQSPROVIDER_MODULE:-}" ] && [ -f "$OQSPROVIDER_MODULE" ] || { echo "oqs-provider module missing"; return 1; } + [ -n "${OPENSSL_BIN:-}" ] && [ -x "$OPENSSL_BIN" ] || { echo "recorded OpenSSL binary gone"; return 1; } + local live="system:$("$OPENSSL_BIN" version 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}')" + case "${OPENSSL_COMMIT:-}" in + system:*) [ "$live" = "$OPENSSL_COMMIT" ] || { echo "OpenSSL changed: lock=$OPENSSL_COMMIT live=$live"; return 1; } ;; + esac + return 0 +} + +if reason="$(toolchain_ok)"; then + pqb_log "C toolchain present and consistent with versions.lock — skipping setup.sh (delete vendor/ or versions.lock to force)" +else + pqb_log "building C toolchain (${reason:-first build})" + if ! ./setup/setup.sh all; then + pqb_err "C toolchain build FAILED — stopping here. Fix the error above" + pqb_err "(commonly: missing OpenSSL DEVELOPMENT files — run 'make check')." + pqb_err "Nothing further was attempted, so any later error you may have" + pqb_err "seen previously (e.g. 'cannot find -loqs') was a symptom of this." + exit 1 + fi +fi + +# ---- HARD GUARD: only the vendored, pinned liboqs/oqs-provider may be used -- +# A system liboqs (e.g. a distro liboqs-devel) could build SILENTLY and every +# measurement would then run against an unpinned library — destroying the +# comparability the vendoring exists to guarantee. Refuse before any bench +# binary is compiled. (bench/kem_sig/Makefile enforces the same guard, so the +# direct `run.sh` path is protected too.) +if ! ls "$HERE"/vendor/install/lib/liboqs.* >/dev/null 2>&1 \ + || [ ! -f "$HERE/vendor/install/include/oqs/oqs.h" ]; then + pqb_err "pinned vendored liboqs not found. Looked for BOTH of:" + pqb_err " $HERE/vendor/install/include/oqs/oqs.h" + pqb_err " $HERE/vendor/install/lib/liboqs.*" + pqb_err "Inspect the actual layout: ls $HERE/vendor/install" + pqb_err "- nothing there: the toolchain build failed — scroll up for the original error" + pqb_err "- a lib64/ directory: built before the layout was pinned" + pqb_err " (-DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib) — run 'make distclean && make build'" + pqb_err "Do NOT install a distro liboqs to work around this: linking a system" + pqb_err "liboqs is refused — unpinned versions are not comparable with the" + pqb_err "published baselines, and the pinned oqs-provider expects exactly the" + pqb_err "pinned liboqs' headers." + exit 1 +fi +# shellcheck disable=SC1090 +source "$LOCK" +case "${OQSPROVIDER_MODULE:-}" in + "$HERE"/vendor/*) [ -f "$OQSPROVIDER_MODULE" ] || { pqb_err "oqs-provider module recorded in versions.lock is missing ($OQSPROVIDER_MODULE) — run 'make build'"; exit 1; } ;; + "") pqb_err "versions.lock records no oqs-provider module — run 'make build'"; exit 1 ;; + *) pqb_err "versions.lock points at a NON-VENDORED oqs-provider ($OQSPROVIDER_MODULE) — refusing: only the pinned, vendored provider may be used"; exit 1 ;; +esac + +pqb_log "building bench_pq / bench_tls" +make -C bench/kem_sig \ + LIBOQS_PREFIX="${PREFIX:-$HERE/vendor/install}" \ + OPENSSL_PREFIX="${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-/usr}" \ + BENCH_CFLAGS="${BENCH_CFLAGS:--O3}" +make -C bench/tls OPENSSL_PREFIX="${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-/usr}" + +if cargo --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then + if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then + pqb_err "refusing to run cargo as root (root-owned target/ trees break later user builds)." + pqb_err "Run 'make build' as your normal user; sudo is only needed for the run itself." + exit 1 + fi + pqb_log "building Rust harnesses (cargo --release --locked, as $(id -un))" + (cd bench/rust && cargo build --release --locked) + (cd bench/rust-tls && cargo build --release --locked) +else + pqb_warn "cargo not available — Rust harnesses not built; the rustcrypto/aws-lc-rs/rustls-awslc groups will be skipped (recorded in results)" +fi +pqb_log "build complete" diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/check-env.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/check-env.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..8fbaa1e --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/check-env.sh @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# make check — READ-ONLY environment verification. Changes nothing; prints a +# per-platform install command for anything missing (never runs it — that is +# the opt-in `make deps`). Live probes only (openssl version, cargo --version): +# no stamp files, so an upgraded/removed tool can never be masked by a stale +# "installed" marker. +# +# Exit: 1 if a HARD requirement is missing (compiler, cmake, git, python3), +# 0 otherwise — warnings (old OpenSSL, missing Rust, missing Pi tools) +# are loud but not fatal, because the harness degrades exactly as the +# README documents (source-build fallback / skipped groups / non- +# baseline-grade stamp). +# ============================================================================= +set -uo pipefail +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)" +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$HERE/setup/lib_platform.sh" +pqb_detect_platform +# test hooks (see also PQB_CHECK_FORCE_OPENSSL / PQB_TEST_OS_RELEASE): let the +# per-platform failure output be exercised on machines where it can't occur +[ -n "${PQB_TEST_OS:-}" ] && PQB_OS="$PQB_TEST_OS" + +MISSING=0 WARNINGS=0 + +remedy() { # -> platform-appropriate install hint + case "$PQB_OS" in + macos) echo "brew install $1" ;; + linux) if command -v apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo "sudo apt-get install -y $1" + else echo "install '$1' via your distribution's package manager"; fi ;; + *) echo "install '$1' for your platform" ;; + esac +} + +ok() { printf '[check] %-9s ok %s\n' "$1" "$2"; } +warn() { printf '[check] %-9s WARN %s\n' "$1" "$2"; WARNINGS=$((WARNINGS+1)); } +miss() { printf '[check] %-9s MISSING -> %s\n' "$1" "$2"; MISSING=$((MISSING+1)); } + +# ---- hard requirements ------------------------------------------------------ +if command -v cc >/dev/null 2>&1; then + ok cc "$(cc --version 2>/dev/null | head -1)" +else + miss cc "$(remedy "build-essential (Linux) / Xcode command-line tools (macOS)")" +fi +if command -v cmake >/dev/null 2>&1; then + ok cmake "$(cmake --version | head -1)" +else + miss cmake "$(remedy cmake)" +fi +if command -v git >/dev/null 2>&1; then + ok git "$(git --version)" +else + miss git "$(remedy git)" +fi +if command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1; then + ok python3 "$(python3 --version 2>&1)" +else + miss python3 "$(remedy python3)" +fi + +# ---- OpenSSL -------------------------------------------------------------- +# Two distinct requirements that MUST NOT be conflated (the Fedora lesson: +# the openssl BINARY was present, `openssl version` passed, and the liboqs +# cmake build then failed with 'Could NOT find OpenSSL' because the +# DEVELOPMENT FILES — headers + linkable libcrypto — are a separate package): +# 1. which OpenSSL the build will use: the SAME candidate walk setup.sh +# uses (keg -> PATH -> system). We probe that resolution, not an +# independent search — a check that passes while the build links a +# different OpenSSL is worse than no check. (This is also why we don't +# use plain pkg-config: the pinned keg-only openssl@3.5 on macOS is +# deliberately NOT in the pkgconfig path.) +# 2. whether that candidate's prefix has the dev files: verified by an +# actual compile-and-link probe against the prefix, exactly what the +# cmake build will attempt. +# PQB_CHECK_FORCE_OPENSSL forces the candidate (test hook, used to exercise +# these failure paths on machines where a real one can't occur). +dev_pkg_hint() { + case "$PQB_OS" in + macos) echo "brew install openssl@3.5" ;; + linux) case "$(pqb_linux_family)" in + debian) echo "sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev" ;; + fedora) echo "sudo dnf install -y openssl-devel" ;; + arch) echo "sudo pacman -S openssl" ;; + suse) echo "sudo zypper install libopenssl-devel" ;; + *) echo "install your distribution's OpenSSL development package (headers + libcrypto)" ;; + esac ;; + *) echo "install OpenSSL development files for your platform" ;; + esac +} +probe_openssl_dev() { # -> 0 if headers + libcrypto link at that prefix + local prefix="$1" t; t="$(mktemp -d)" + cat > "$t/p.c" <<'EOF' +#include +int main(void) { return EVP_MD_fetch ? 0 : 1; } +EOF + cc "$t/p.c" -I"$prefix/include" -L"$prefix/lib" -L"$prefix/lib64" \ + -lcrypto -o "$t/p" 2>"$t/err" + local rc=$? + rm -rf "$t" + return $rc +} + +OSSL_FOUND="" OSSL_VER="" OSSL_NOTE="" +if [ -n "${PQB_CHECK_FORCE_OPENSSL:-}" ]; then + CANDS=("$PQB_CHECK_FORCE_OPENSSL") +else + CANDS=(/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3.5/bin/openssl + "$(command -v openssl || true)" + /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl) +fi +for cand in "${CANDS[@]}"; do + [ -n "$cand" ] && [ -x "$cand" ] || continue + v="$("$cand" version 2>/dev/null || true)" + case "$v" in + OpenSSL\ 3.5.*) OSSL_FOUND="$cand"; OSSL_VER="$v"; OSSL_NOTE="pinned 3.5.x line"; break ;; + OpenSSL\ *) if [ -z "$OSSL_FOUND" ]; then OSSL_FOUND="$cand"; OSSL_VER="$v"; OSSL_NOTE="not the pinned 3.5.x line"; fi ;; + LibreSSL*) : ;; # LibreSSL masquerading as openssl (macOS /usr/bin) — skip + esac +done + +if [ -n "$OSSL_FOUND" ]; then + maj="${OSSL_VER#OpenSSL }"; maj="${maj%% *}" + OSSL_PREFIX_GUESS="$(dirname "$(dirname "$OSSL_FOUND")")" + case "$maj" in + 3.5.*|3.[6-9].*|[4-9].*) + # the build will use this prefix -> its dev files are REQUIRED + if probe_openssl_dev "$OSSL_PREFIX_GUESS"; then + case "$maj" in + 3.5.*) ok openssl "$OSSL_VER ($OSSL_NOTE) at $OSSL_FOUND — headers + libcrypto link OK" ;; + *) warn openssl "$OSSL_VER at $OSSL_FOUND (dev files OK) — usable but $OSSL_NOTE; cross-machine TLS comparisons should stay on 3.5.x" ;; + esac + else + miss "openssl-dev" "$(dev_pkg_hint) [the build will use $OSSL_PREFIX_GUESS ($OSSL_VER) and needs its DEVELOPMENT files — the binary alone is not enough: liboqs/oqs-provider compile and link against libcrypto]" + fi + ;; + *) + warn openssl "$OSSL_VER at $OSSL_FOUND — older than 3.5: setup will SOURCE-BUILD the pinned OpenSSL 3.5.x into vendor/ (+15-30 min; needs perl). The native TLS phase matrix then still runs — it degrades only if the source build is skipped." + command -v perl >/dev/null 2>&1 || miss perl "$(remedy perl) [required for the OpenSSL source build]" + ;; + esac +else + warn openssl "no real OpenSSL found (only LibreSSL or nothing) — setup will SOURCE-BUILD the pinned 3.5.x (+15-30 min; needs perl). Faster: $(dev_pkg_hint)" + command -v perl >/dev/null 2>&1 || miss perl "$(remedy perl) [required for the OpenSSL source build]" +fi + +# ---- Rust: run cargo for real — this exercises rustup toolchain RESOLUTION, +# ---- the exact thing that silently broke under sudo on the Pi -------------- +if cargo --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then + ok rust "$(cargo --version) (toolchain resolves)" +else + warn rust "cargo not found or toolchain does not resolve — the RustCrypto and rustls groups (2 of 4) will be SKIPPED. Install: https://rustup.rs (or 'make deps RUST=1')" +fi + +# ---- Linux / Pi niceties (baseline-grade prerequisites) --------------------- +if [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ]; then + command -v taskset >/dev/null 2>&1 && ok taskset "core pinning available" \ + || warn taskset "no taskset — runs will be unpinned (not baseline-grade). $(remedy util-linux)" + CPUPOWER_PKG=linux-cpupower + [ "$(pqb_linux_family)" = fedora ] && CPUPOWER_PKG=kernel-tools + command -v cpupower >/dev/null 2>&1 && ok cpupower "governor control available" \ + || warn cpupower "no cpupower — performance governor cannot be set. $(remedy "$CPUPOWER_PKG")" + if [ "$PQB_IS_RPI" = 1 ]; then + command -v vcgencmd >/dev/null 2>&1 && ok vcgencmd "thermal/throttle telemetry available" \ + || warn vcgencmd "no vcgencmd — thermal trace and throttle detection unavailable on this Pi" + fi +fi + +echo +if [ "$MISSING" -gt 0 ]; then + echo "[check] $MISSING required item(s) missing — run the commands above, or 'make deps'." + exit 1 +fi +if [ "$WARNINGS" -gt 0 ]; then + echo "[check] environment usable with $WARNINGS warning(s) above (degradations are recorded in the results JSON)." +else + echo "[check] environment fully ready." +fi diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/install-deps.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/install-deps.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..4b7d648 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/install-deps.sh @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# make deps — the OPT-IN installer (make check never installs anything). +# macOS: brew install of the missing formulae only +# Debian-family: the apt package set (via lib_platform.sh) +# generic Linux: prints the list and exits 1 — we won't guess your package +# manager +# Rust is only installed with explicit consent: make deps RUST=1 +# ============================================================================= +set -euo pipefail +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)" +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$HERE/setup/lib_platform.sh" +pqb_detect_platform + +case "$PQB_OS" in + macos) + command -v brew >/dev/null 2>&1 || { pqb_err "Homebrew required on macOS: https://brew.sh"; exit 1; } + NEED=() + command -v cmake >/dev/null 2>&1 || NEED+=(cmake) + command -v ninja >/dev/null 2>&1 || NEED+=(ninja) + command -v git >/dev/null 2>&1 || NEED+=(git) + /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3.5/bin/openssl version >/dev/null 2>&1 || NEED+=(openssl@3.5) + if [ "${#NEED[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then + pqb_log "brew install ${NEED[*]}" + brew install "${NEED[@]}" + else + pqb_log "all Homebrew deps already present" + fi + ;; + linux) + if command -v apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then + pqb_install_build_deps + else + pqb_err "no apt-get on this system — install these with your package manager:" + echo " build-essential cmake ninja-build git python3 perl libssl-dev pkg-config util-linux linux-cpupower" >&2 + exit 1 + fi + ;; + *) pqb_err "unsupported platform '$PQB_OS'"; exit 1 ;; +esac + +if [ "${RUST:-0}" = "1" ]; then + if cargo --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then + pqb_log "Rust already installed: $(cargo --version)" + else + pqb_log "installing Rust via the official rustup installer (https://rustup.rs)" + curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y + pqb_log "done — open a new shell or 'source \$HOME/.cargo/env' before make build" + fi +else + cargo --version >/dev/null 2>&1 || \ + pqb_warn "Rust not installed (2 of 4 measurement groups need it) — rerun as 'make deps RUST=1' to install via rustup" +fi diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..87612a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# make test — the consolidated fast verification gate (~1-2 min). +# +# CORRECTNESS tests (1-4) exercise the measurement pipeline and BLOCK (nonzero +# exit): harness micro-runs + correctness gates, cross-implementation size +# agreement, the three TLS stacks incl. the native no-OQS-provider negative +# control, and a schema round-trip through assemble.py. +# +# HYGIENE tests (5-7) check repo consistency (v1-compat merge fixture, the +# published_runs manifest, absence-array propagation) and only WARN — a +# hygiene failure must never block a 30-minute measurement run. +# +# EVERYTHING this script produces lives under one mktemp dir: it never writes +# into results/ or bench/tls/pki/ (a test must not be able to leak into the +# published set or clobber certs a real run depends on). +# +# Fixture note: hygiene test 5 reads results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json +# as the schema-1.0.0 COMPATIBILITY FIXTURE (see analyze/published_runs.txt) — +# retired from the published set, but load-bearing here; do not delete it. +# ============================================================================= +set -uo pipefail +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)" +cd "$HERE" +LOCK="$HERE/setup/versions.lock" +# shellcheck disable=SC1090 +[ -f "$LOCK" ] && source "$LOCK" +OSSL="${OPENSSL_BIN:-openssl}" + +T="$(mktemp -d /tmp/pqb-selftest.XXXXXX)" +trap 'rm -rf "$T"' EXIT + +PASS=0; FAIL=0; WARN=0; SKIP=0 +pass() { printf ' PASS %s\n' "$1"; PASS=$((PASS+1)); } +fail() { printf ' FAIL %s\n' "$1"; FAIL=$((FAIL+1)); } +warnf(){ printf ' WARN %s\n' "$1"; WARN=$((WARN+1)); } +skip() { printf ' SKIP %s\n' "$1"; SKIP=$((SKIP+1)); } + +HAVE_CARGO=0 +cargo --version >/dev/null 2>&1 && [ -x bench/rust/target/release/pqb-rust ] \ + && [ -x bench/rust-tls/target/release/pqb-rust-tls ] && HAVE_CARGO=1 + +KEMSIG="$T/kemsig.jsonl"; : > "$KEMSIG" +MICRO=(--iters 20 --warmup 5 --reps 1) + +echo "== correctness 1: C harness micro-runs (correctness gate + row shape) ==" +for spec in "kem ML-KEM-768" "sig ML-DSA-65" "kem X25519" "sig Ed25519"; do + kind="${spec%% *}"; alg="${spec#* }" + if ./bench/kem_sig/bench_pq --kind "$kind" --alg "$alg" "${MICRO[@]}" \ + >> "$KEMSIG" 2>"$T/err.txt"; then + pass "bench_pq $alg (exit 0 — correctness gate passed)" + else + fail "bench_pq $alg exited $? ($(tail -1 "$T/err.txt" 2>/dev/null))" + fi +done +python3 - "$KEMSIG" <<'PY' && pass "C rows: valid JSON, enabled, implementation field" || fail "C row shape" +import json,sys +rows=[json.loads(l) for l in open(sys.argv[1])] +assert len(rows)==4 and all(r["enabled"] for r in rows) +assert {r["implementation"] for r in rows} == {"liboqs","openssl"} +PY + +echo "== correctness 1b: link targets (vendored liboqs, pinned OpenSSL) ==" +# A successful build is not evidence — the failure mode that matters is +# building fine while linking the WRONG library (a system liboqs / another +# OpenSSL). Verify the actual link targets of the built binary. +if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ]; then + if otool -l bench/kem_sig/bench_pq | grep -A2 LC_RPATH | grep -q "$HERE/vendor/install/lib" \ + && otool -L bench/kem_sig/bench_pq | grep -q '@rpath/liboqs'; then + pass "bench_pq links the VENDORED liboqs (rpath -> vendor/install/lib)" + else + fail "bench_pq rpath does not include $HERE/vendor/install/lib (pinned layout) — rebuild with 'make build'; if it persists, a wrong liboqs may be linked" + fi + if [ -n "${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-}" ] && otool -L bench/kem_sig/bench_pq | grep -q "$OPENSSL_PREFIX/lib/libcrypto"; then + pass "bench_pq links the pinned OpenSSL ($OPENSSL_PREFIX)" + else + fail "bench_pq libcrypto is not the pinned OpenSSL ($(otool -L bench/kem_sig/bench_pq | grep libcrypto | head -1))" + fi +else + LIBOQS_RESOLVED="$(ldd bench/kem_sig/bench_pq 2>/dev/null | awk '/liboqs/{print $3}')" + case "$LIBOQS_RESOLVED" in + "$HERE"/vendor/install/lib/*) pass "bench_pq links the VENDORED liboqs ($LIBOQS_RESOLVED)" ;; + *) fail "bench_pq resolves liboqs to '$LIBOQS_RESOLVED' — NOT the vendored build" ;; + esac + CRYPTO_RESOLVED="$(ldd bench/kem_sig/bench_pq 2>/dev/null | awk '/libcrypto/{print $3}')" + if [ "${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-/usr}" = "/usr" ]; then + [ -n "$CRYPTO_RESOLVED" ] && pass "bench_pq libcrypto: $CRYPTO_RESOLVED (system prefix, as locked)" \ + || fail "bench_pq has no resolvable libcrypto" + else + case "$CRYPTO_RESOLVED" in + "$OPENSSL_PREFIX"/*) pass "bench_pq links the pinned OpenSSL ($CRYPTO_RESOLVED)" ;; + *) fail "bench_pq libcrypto '$CRYPTO_RESOLVED' is not the locked prefix $OPENSSL_PREFIX" ;; + esac + fi +fi +case "${OQSPROVIDER_MODULE:-}" in + "$HERE"/vendor/*) [ -f "$OQSPROVIDER_MODULE" ] && pass "oqs-provider module is the vendored one" \ + || fail "vendored oqs-provider module missing" ;; + *) fail "oqs-provider module is not under vendor/ (${OQSPROVIDER_MODULE:-unset})" ;; +esac + +echo "== correctness 2: Rust harness micro-runs + cross-implementation sizes ==" +if [ "$HAVE_CARGO" = 1 ]; then + for spec in "kem ML-KEM-768" "sig ML-DSA-65"; do + kind="${spec%% *}"; alg="${spec#* }" + ./bench/rust/target/release/pqb-rust --kind "$kind" --alg "$alg" "${MICRO[@]}" \ + >> "$KEMSIG" 2>/dev/null && pass "pqb-rust $alg" || fail "pqb-rust $alg" + ./bench/rust-tls/target/release/pqb-rust-tls --kind "$kind" --alg "$alg" "${MICRO[@]}" \ + >> "$KEMSIG" 2>/dev/null && pass "pqb-rust-tls (aws-lc-rs) $alg" || fail "aws-lc-rs $alg" + done +else + skip "Rust micro-runs (cargo/harnesses unavailable)" +fi + +echo "== correctness 3: TLS stacks + native no-provider negative control ==" +PKI="$T/pki"; mkdir -p "$PKI" +gen_cert() { # replicates run_tls.sh gen_cert (ed25519, with the SAN webpki needs) + "$OSSL" req -x509 -new -newkey ed25519 -nodes -keyout "$PKI/ca.key" -out "$PKI/ca.pem" \ + -days 30 -subj "/CN=PQB Selftest CA" >/dev/null 2>&1 && + "$OSSL" genpkey -algorithm ed25519 -out "$PKI/sv.key" >/dev/null 2>&1 && + "$OSSL" req -new -key "$PKI/sv.key" -out "$PKI/sv.csr" -subj "/CN=localhost" \ + -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:localhost" >/dev/null 2>&1 && + "$OSSL" x509 -req -in "$PKI/sv.csr" -CA "$PKI/ca.pem" -CAkey "$PKI/ca.key" \ + -copy_extensions copyall -out "$PKI/sv.pem" -days 30 -CAcreateserial >/dev/null 2>&1 +} +gen_cert && pass "test PKI generated (in $T, never bench/tls/pki)" || fail "test PKI generation" +TLSARGS=(--ca "$PKI/ca.pem" --cert "$PKI/sv.pem" --key "$PKI/sv.key" \ + --connections 5 --warmup 2 --sig-alg ed25519) +ROWS="$T/tls_rows.jsonl"; : > "$ROWS" + +./bench/tls/bench_tls --group X25519 "${TLSARGS[@]}" --label "X25519+ed25519" \ + --phase baseline --implementation openssl-native >> "$ROWS" 2>/dev/null +python3 -c "import json,sys; r=json.loads(open(sys.argv[1]).readlines()[-1]); assert r['enabled'] and not r['have_oqs_provider']" "$ROWS" \ + && pass "openssl-native baseline handshakes (no provider loaded)" \ + || fail "openssl-native baseline cell" + +./bench/tls/bench_tls --group frodo640aes "${TLSARGS[@]}" --label negctl \ + --phase phase0 --implementation openssl-native >> "$ROWS" 2>/dev/null +python3 -c "import json,sys; r=json.loads(open(sys.argv[1]).readlines()[-1]); assert not r['enabled'] and 'group-not-supported' in r['reason']" "$ROWS" \ + && pass "negative control: provider-only group REJECTED in native mode" \ + || fail "native-mode isolation (provider algorithm accepted?)" + +if [ -n "${OQSPROVIDER_MODULE:-}" ] && [ -f "$OQSPROVIDER_MODULE" ]; then + OPENSSL_MODULES="$(dirname "$OQSPROVIDER_MODULE")" \ + ./bench/tls/bench_tls --group X25519MLKEM768 "${TLSARGS[@]}" \ + --label "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519" --phase phase0 --implementation oqs-provider \ + >> "$ROWS" 2>/dev/null + python3 -c "import json,sys; r=json.loads(open(sys.argv[1]).readlines()[-1]); assert r['enabled'] and r['have_oqs_provider']" "$ROWS" \ + && pass "oqs-provider phase0 cell (provider loads + negotiates)" \ + || fail "oqs-provider cell" +else + fail "oqs-provider module not found (make build should have produced it)" +fi + +if [ "$HAVE_CARGO" = 1 ]; then + ./bench/rust-tls/target/release/pqb-rust-tls --group X25519 "${TLSARGS[@]}" \ + --label "X25519+ed25519" --phase baseline >> "$ROWS" 2>/dev/null + python3 -c "import json,sys; r=json.loads(open(sys.argv[1]).readlines()[-1]); assert r['enabled'] and r['implementation']=='rustls-awslc'" "$ROWS" \ + && pass "rustls-awslc baseline cell (webpki accepts the SAN certs)" \ + || fail "rustls-awslc cell" +else + skip "rustls-awslc cell (cargo unavailable)" +fi + +echo "== correctness 4: schema round-trip through assemble.py ==" +cat > "$T/meta.env" </dev/null 2>"$T/assemble.err" +python3 - "$T/result.json" $HAVE_CARGO <<'PY' && pass "round-trip: schema 2.0.0, totals, acceleration, phases, sums, sizes agree" || fail "schema round-trip (see above)" +import json,sys +d=json.load(open(sys.argv[1])); have_cargo=sys.argv[2]=="1" +assert d["schema_version"]=="2.0.0", "schema version" +prims=[r for r in d["kem"]+d["sig"] if r.get("enabled")] +assert prims and all(r.get("total",{}).get("sum_of_medians_ns") for r in prims), "totals" +assert all(r.get("acceleration") for r in prims), "acceleration fields" +assert not any("SIZE MISMATCH" in w for w in d["warnings"]), "cross-implementation size mismatch" +cells=[c for c in d["tls"]["matrix"] if c.get("enabled")] +assert cells and all(c.get("phase") and c.get("sig_alg") and c.get("implementation") for c in cells), "tls fields" +for c in cells: # covered cells must have complete, per-stack-priced sums + if c["implementation"]=="openssl-native" and c["phase"]=="baseline": + assert c["handshake_primitive_sum"]["complete"], "native baseline sum incomplete" + assert all(x["implementation"] in ("liboqs","openssl") for x in c["handshake_primitive_sum"]["components"]), "wrong pricing stack" + if have_cargo and c["implementation"]=="rustls-awslc": + assert all(x["implementation"]=="aws-lc-rs" for x in c["handshake_primitive_sum"]["components"]), "rustls cell not priced from aws-lc-rs" +PY + +echo "== hygiene 5: schema-1.0.0 compatibility fixture through merge.py ==" +FIX=results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json +if [ -f "$FIX" ]; then + python3 analyze/merge.py "$FIX" -o "$T/merged_v1.json" >/dev/null 2>&1 + python3 - "$FIX" "$T/merged_v1.json" <<'PY' && pass "v1 fixture: rows preserved, implementation/phase/totals injected" || warnf "v1 compatibility regressed" +import json,sys +src=json.load(open(sys.argv[1])); m=json.load(open(sys.argv[2])) +want=sum(len(r.get("operations") or {}) for k in ("kem","sig") for r in src[k] if r.get("enabled")) +got=len(m["kem"])+len(m["sig"]) +assert got==want, f"row count {got}!={want}" +assert all(r.get("implementation") for r in m["kem"]+m["sig"]), "implementation injection" +assert all(r.get("total_sum_of_medians_ns") is not None for r in m["kem"]+m["sig"]), "derived totals" +assert all(r.get("phase") for r in m["tls"]), "phase inference" +PY +else + warnf "fixture $FIX missing — it is the schema-1.0.0 compatibility fixture (see published_runs.txt); restore it" +fi + +echo "== hygiene 6: published_runs manifest vs disk vs committed merged.json ==" +python3 - <<'PY' && pass "manifest entries exist; merged.json matches the published set" || warnf "manifest/merged.json drift — re-run 'make merge'" +import json,os +entries=[l.strip() for l in open("analyze/published_runs.txt") + if l.strip() and not l.startswith("#")] +missing=[e for e in entries if not os.path.isfile("results/"+e)] +assert not missing, f"missing on disk: {missing}" +m=json.load(open("dashboard/data/merged.json")) +assert sorted(r["source_file"] for r in m["runs"])==sorted(entries), "merged.json != manifest" +PY + +echo "== hygiene 7: absence rows propagate (never silently dropped) ==" +python3 - <<'PY' && pass "merged.json carries kem/sig/tls _absent arrays with reasons" || warnf "absence arrays missing from merged.json" +import json +m=json.load(open("dashboard/data/merged.json")) +assert all(k in m for k in ("kem_absent","sig_absent","tls_absent")) +assert m["tls_absent"] and all(a.get("reason") for a in m["tls_absent"]) +PY + +echo +echo "selftest: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed, $WARN hygiene warnings, $SKIP skipped" +[ "$FAIL" -eq 0 ] || { echo "CORRECTNESS FAILURES — do not trust measurement output until fixed."; exit 1; } +[ "$WARN" -gt 0 ] && echo "(hygiene warnings do not block runs — fix when convenient)" +exit 0 diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..d5cc958 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# make test-fedora — run check/build/test (and with SMOKE=1 a smoke run) +# inside a Fedora container, from a pristine copy of the CURRENT working tree. +# +# WHAT THIS COVERS: the class of bug that Mac + Pi testing structurally cannot +# catch — Red Hat packaging (openssl-devel), the lib64 install layout, dnf +# paths, and degradation on a machine with no governor control, no vcgencmd +# and no Pi-shaped thermal telemetry (the container has none of these, which +# is exactly the machine shape that has broken in the field). +# +# WHAT THIS DOES NOT COVER: measurements. Timings inside a container/VM are +# meaningless and nothing produced here is a benchmark result; runs are +# NOSUDO and land in the container's copy, never in this tree. On Apple +# Silicon the container is aarch64 Fedora (lib64 reproduces natively); +# ARCH=amd64 forces x86_64 under emulation for compile-and-run checks. +# +# Engine: podman or docker, autodetected. Image: fedora:42. +# ============================================================================= +set -euo pipefail +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)" + +ENGINE="" +for e in podman docker; do + command -v "$e" >/dev/null 2>&1 && "$e" info >/dev/null 2>&1 && { ENGINE="$e"; break; } +done +[ -n "$ENGINE" ] || { echo "no working container engine (podman or docker) — install one, e.g. 'brew install podman && podman machine init --now'" >&2; exit 1; } + +PLATFORM_ARG="" +[ "${ARCH:-}" = "amd64" ] && PLATFORM_ARG="--platform=linux/amd64" + +SMOKE_CMD="" +if [ "${SMOKE:-0}" = "1" ]; then + SMOKE_CMD='echo "===== make smoke (NOSUDO, container) =====" && NOSUDO=1 make smoke' +fi + +echo "[test-fedora] engine=$ENGINE image=fedora:42 ${ARCH:+arch=$ARCH }(source tree mounted read-only)" +# shellcheck disable=SC2086 +"$ENGINE" run --rm $PLATFORM_ARG -v "$HERE":/src:ro fedora:42 bash -c ' + set -euo pipefail + echo "== $(grep PRETTY /etc/os-release | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d \") $(uname -m) ==" + dnf install -y -q gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ninja-build git python3 perl \ + openssl openssl-devel pkgconf-pkg-config util-linux rsync + # pristine copy: never build into the mounted host tree + rsync -a --exclude vendor/ --exclude "bench/rust/target/" \ + --exclude "bench/rust-tls/target/" --exclude "results/.work-*" \ + --exclude "setup/versions.lock" \ + --exclude "bench/kem_sig/bench_pq" --exclude "bench/tls/bench_tls" \ + --exclude "bench/tls/pki/" --exclude "*.o" \ + /src/ /work/ + cd /work + make check + make build + make test + '"$SMOKE_CMD"' + echo "[test-fedora] ALL GREEN" +' diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4a8a5f --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh @@ -0,0 +1,342 @@ +# shellcheck shell=bash +# ============================================================================= +# lib_platform.sh — portable platform abstraction +# +# Sourced by setup/setup.sh and run.sh. Every operation that differs between the +# RPi5 (Debian/Ubuntu aarch64) measurement target and the macOS/Apple-Silicon +# dev box is funneled through one of these functions, so the *identical* codebase +# runs unchanged on both. Where a capability does not exist on a platform +# (governor control, core pinning, on-die thermal sensors), the function degrades +# gracefully and the caller records that it was unavailable — it never silently +# pretends the action happened. +# ============================================================================= + +# ---- platform detection ---------------------------------------------------- +# Sets: PQB_OS (macos|linux), PQB_ARCH, PQB_IS_RPI (1|0), PQB_RPI_MODEL +pqb_detect_platform() { + PQB_ARCH="$(uname -m)" + case "$(uname -s)" in + Darwin) PQB_OS="macos" ;; + Linux) PQB_OS="linux" ;; + *) PQB_OS="unknown" ;; + esac + + PQB_IS_RPI=0 + PQB_RPI_MODEL="" + if [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ] && [ -r /proc/device-tree/model ]; then + # /proc/device-tree/model is NUL-terminated + PQB_RPI_MODEL="$(tr -d '\0' < /proc/device-tree/model 2>/dev/null)" + case "$PQB_RPI_MODEL" in + *"Raspberry Pi"*) PQB_IS_RPI=1 ;; + esac + fi + export PQB_OS PQB_ARCH PQB_IS_RPI PQB_RPI_MODEL +} + +# ---- Linux distro family (for package-name hints and deps installs) -------- +# echoes: debian | fedora | arch | suse | unknown +# PQB_TEST_OS_RELEASE overrides the os-release path (test hook, used to +# exercise the per-distro output of make check on other platforms). +pqb_linux_family() { + local osr="${PQB_TEST_OS_RELEASE:-/etc/os-release}" id="" like="" + if [ -r "$osr" ]; then + id="$(. "$osr" 2>/dev/null; echo "${ID:-}")" + like="$(. "$osr" 2>/dev/null; echo "${ID_LIKE:-}")" + fi + case " $id $like " in + *debian*|*ubuntu*|*raspbian*) echo debian ;; + *fedora*|*rhel*|*centos*|*rocky*|*alma*) echo fedora ;; + *arch*) echo arch ;; + *suse*) echo suse ;; + *) echo unknown ;; + esac +} + +# ---- optimization-target resolution ---------------------------------------- +# Resolve THIS host's tuned build flags (the credibility anchor: identical, +# host-tuned flags for every candidate; the resolved values go into +# versions.lock and every results JSON): +# Linux aarch64 (the RPi5 target): -O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76 / "cortex-a76" +# Apple-silicon macOS (uname -m is -O3 -mcpu=native / "apple-mN" +# "arm64", NOT "aarch64" — the (label from the CPU brand string) +# old check missed Macs entirely +# and silently fell back to -O3) +# anything else: $TARGET_CFLAGS_FALLBACK / "generic-fallback" +# Each candidate flag set is probe-compiled first; a rejected flag falls back +# rather than failing the build. Rust harnesses mirror this via RUSTFLAGS in +# run.sh (cortex-a76 -> target-cpu=cortex-a76, apple-m* -> target-cpu=native). +pqb_choose_cflags() { # sets + exports BENCH_CFLAGS, CFLAGS_TARGET + local cc="${CC:-cc}" tmp probe + tmp="$(mktemp -d)" && probe="$tmp/probe.c" && echo 'int main(void){return 0;}' > "$probe" + BENCH_CFLAGS="${TARGET_CFLAGS_FALLBACK:--O3}" + CFLAGS_TARGET="generic-fallback" + # shellcheck disable=SC2086 + if [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ] && [ "$PQB_ARCH" = "aarch64" ] && \ + $cc ${TARGET_CFLAGS_RPI5:--O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76} "$probe" -o "$probe.out" 2>/dev/null; then + BENCH_CFLAGS="${TARGET_CFLAGS_RPI5:--O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76}" + CFLAGS_TARGET="cortex-a76" + elif [ "$PQB_OS" = "macos" ] && [ "$PQB_ARCH" = "arm64" ] && \ + $cc -O3 -mcpu=native "$probe" -o "$probe.out" 2>/dev/null; then + BENCH_CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=native" + local brand + brand="$(sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string 2>/dev/null || echo 'apple silicon')" + CFLAGS_TARGET="$(printf '%s' "$brand" | tr '[:upper:] ' '[:lower:]-')" + fi + rm -rf "$tmp" + export BENCH_CFLAGS CFLAGS_TARGET +} + +# ---- friendly logging ------------------------------------------------------ +pqb_log() { printf '\033[1;34m[pqb]\033[0m %s\n' "$*" >&2; } +pqb_warn() { printf '\033[1;33m[pqb WARN]\033[0m %s\n' "$*" >&2; } +pqb_err() { printf '\033[1;31m[pqb ERR]\033[0m %s\n' "$*" >&2; } + +# ---- hostname resolution --------------------------------------------------- +# A "good" host id is non-empty, not localhost, and not an avahi/macOS +# auto-assigned "unknown" placeholder (which is what shows up when no +# real hostname is set — that produced the ugly results filename before). +_pqb_good_host() { + local h="$1" + [ -n "$h" ] || return 1 + case "$h" in + localhost|localhost.*) return 1 ;; + esac + printf '%s' "$h" | grep -Eq '^[Uu]nknown[0-9a-fA-F]{6,}$' && return 1 + return 0 +} + +# Resolve a readable, stable host identifier, falling through: +# $HOSTNAME -> `hostname` -> hostnamectl --static (Linux) / +# scutil --get LocalHostName (macOS) -> short machine id (last resort). +# Domain suffixes (.home/.local/...) are stripped. On the RPi5 this yields the +# actual pi hostname; on this Mac it falls through to LocalHostName. +pqb_resolve_hostname() { + local cands=() c h + cands+=("${HOSTNAME:-}") + cands+=("$(hostname 2>/dev/null || true)") + if [ "${PQB_OS:-}" = "linux" ]; then + cands+=("$(hostnamectl --static 2>/dev/null || true)") + elif [ "${PQB_OS:-}" = "macos" ]; then + cands+=("$(scutil --get LocalHostName 2>/dev/null || true)") + fi + for c in "${cands[@]}"; do + h="${c%%.*}" # strip domain suffix + if _pqb_good_host "$h"; then echo "$h"; return 0; fi + done + # last resort: a short, stable machine id so files never collide as "unknown" + local mid="" + if [ -r /etc/machine-id ]; then + mid="$(cut -c1-12 /etc/machine-id 2>/dev/null)" + elif [ "${PQB_OS:-}" = "macos" ]; then + mid="$(ioreg -rd1 -c IOPlatformExpertDevice 2>/dev/null \ + | awk -F'"' '/IOPlatformUUID/{print $4}' | tr -d '-' | cut -c1-12)" + fi + echo "host-${mid:-unknown}" +} + +# ---- CPU governor ---------------------------------------------------------- +# Returns 0 if it set 'performance', 1 if unavailable. Prints the governor it +# left the system in on stdout. +# +# This is the ONLY privileged operation in the whole run (the sysfs governor +# files are root-writable only), so it is the only step allowed to escalate. +# The measurement itself runs as the invoking user — running everything under +# sudo bit us three times (root-owned results/.work-* dirs, cargo-as-root, +# root-owned bench/*/target artifacts). bench-run.sh caches credentials up +# front (sudo -v) and sets PQB_GOV_SUDO=1; writes then use non-interactive +# `sudo -n`, so a run can never stall on a mid-run password prompt. +pqb_set_governor_performance() { + if [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ] && [ -d /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq ]; then + local ok=1 g + for g in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor; do + if [ -w "$g" ]; then + echo performance > "$g" 2>/dev/null || ok=0 + elif [ "${PQB_GOV_SUDO:-0}" = 1 ] && command -v sudo >/dev/null 2>&1; then + echo performance | sudo -n tee "$g" >/dev/null 2>&1 || ok=0 + else + ok=0 + fi + done + if [ "$ok" = 1 ]; then + cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor 2>/dev/null + return 0 + fi + # cpupower fallback, same single-step escalation rules + if command -v cpupower >/dev/null 2>&1; then + if cpupower frequency-set -g performance >/dev/null 2>&1 \ + || { [ "${PQB_GOV_SUDO:-0}" = 1 ] && command -v sudo >/dev/null 2>&1 \ + && sudo -n cpupower frequency-set -g performance >/dev/null 2>&1; }; then + echo performance; return 0 + fi + fi + pqb_warn "could not set governor to performance (use 'make run' so this one step can escalate, or accept the non-baseline demerit)" + cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown" + return 1 + fi + # macOS / other: no userspace governor control. + echo "unavailable" + return 1 +} + +pqb_get_governor() { + if [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ] && [ -r /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor ]; then + cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor + else + echo "unavailable" + fi +} + +# ---- core pinning ---------------------------------------------------------- +# pqb_taskset_prefix -> echoes a command prefix to pin to that core, or +# empty string if pinning is unavailable (caller warns). +pqb_taskset_prefix() { + local core="$1" + if command -v taskset >/dev/null 2>&1; then + echo "taskset -c $core" + elif command -v numactl >/dev/null 2>&1; then + echo "numactl --physcpubind=$core" + else + echo "" # no pinning available (e.g. macOS) + fi +} + +# ---- thermal / clock sampling ---------------------------------------------- +# pqb_sample_thermal -> one CSV line: epoch_s,arm_clock_hz,temp_c,throttled_hex +# Fields that cannot be read on a platform are emitted as empty (no fake zeros). +pqb_sample_thermal() { + local ts clk temp thr + ts="$(date +%s)" + clk=""; temp=""; thr="" + + if command -v vcgencmd >/dev/null 2>&1; then + # Raspberry Pi: authoritative SoC sensors. + clk="$(vcgencmd measure_clock arm 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/.*=//p')" + temp="$(vcgencmd measure_temp 2>/dev/null | sed -n "s/temp=\([0-9.]*\).*/\1/p")" + thr="$(vcgencmd get_throttled 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/.*=//p')" + elif [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ]; then + # Generic Linux fallback (cpufreq + thermal_zone). + local f + f=/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu${PQB_BENCH_CORE:-0}/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq + [ -r "$f" ] && clk="$(( $(cat "$f") * 1000 ))" # kHz -> Hz + if [ -r /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp ]; then + local milli; milli="$(cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp)" + temp="$(awk -v m="$milli" 'BEGIN{printf "%.1f", m/1000}')" + fi + fi + # macOS: live per-core freq/temp require sudo powermetrics; we intentionally + # leave them empty rather than emit misleading values. (Smoke test only.) + + printf '%s,%s,%s,%s\n' "$ts" "$clk" "$temp" "$thr" +} + +# pqb_throttled_active -> 0 if thermal throttling currently/has +# occurred, 1 otherwise. RPi get_throttled bit 0 = under-voltage now, +# bit 1 = arm freq capped now, bit 2 = currently throttled, +# bit 3 = soft temp limit active (and bits 16-19 = "has occurred" latches). +pqb_throttled_active() { + local hex="${1#0x}" + [ -z "$hex" ] && return 1 + local val=$(( 16#$hex )) + # bit2 (throttling now) or bit18 (throttling has occurred) + if [ $(( val & 0x4 )) -ne 0 ] || [ $(( val & 0x40000 )) -ne 0 ]; then + return 0 + fi + return 1 +} + +# ---- CPU feature / crypto-extension detection ------------------------------ +# Echoes a JSON object describing NEON + SHA3/SHA512 acceleration. Consumed +# verbatim by env metadata so results record whether Keccak accel is in use. +pqb_cpu_features_json() { + local neon=false sha2=false sha3=false sha512=false aes=false pmull=false src="unknown" + if [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ] && [ -r /proc/cpuinfo ]; then + # ARM /proc/cpuinfo has a 'Features' line; x86 has 'flags' instead. The + # grep MUST NOT propagate failure: under run.sh's `set -e -o pipefail` a + # missing 'Features' line (any x86 box) previously killed the whole run + # with no diagnostic, right after the thermal sampler started. + local feats + feats="$(grep -m1 -i '^Features' /proc/cpuinfo 2>/dev/null | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' || true)" + if [ -n "$feats" ]; then + src="/proc/cpuinfo (Features)" + case "$feats" in *" asimd"*|*"neon"*) neon=true;; esac + case "$feats" in *" sha2"*) sha2=true;; esac + case "$feats" in *" sha3"*) sha3=true;; esac + case "$feats" in *" sha512"*) sha512=true;; esac + case "$feats" in *" aes"*) aes=true;; esac + case "$feats" in *" pmull"*) pmull=true;; esac + else + # x86: map the 1:1 equivalents from the 'flags' line (aes -> AES-NI, + # sha_ni -> SHA-2 instructions, pclmulqdq -> carry-less multiply). + # neon/sha3/sha512 stay false: they are ARM-specific extensions. + src="/proc/cpuinfo (flags, x86)" + local flags + flags="$(grep -m1 -i '^flags' /proc/cpuinfo 2>/dev/null | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' || true)" + case "$flags" in *" aes"*) aes=true;; esac + case "$flags" in *" sha_ni"*) sha2=true;; esac + case "$flags" in *" pclmulqdq"*) pmull=true;; esac + fi + elif [ "$PQB_OS" = "macos" ]; then + src="sysctl" + neon=true # all Apple Silicon has NEON/ASIMD + [ "$(sysctl -n hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SHA256 2>/dev/null)" = 1 ] && sha2=true + [ "$(sysctl -n hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SHA3 2>/dev/null)" = 1 ] && sha3=true + [ "$(sysctl -n hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SHA512 2>/dev/null)" = 1 ] && sha512=true + [ "$(sysctl -n hw.optional.arm.FEAT_AES 2>/dev/null)" = 1 ] && aes=true + [ "$(sysctl -n hw.optional.arm.FEAT_PMULL 2>/dev/null)" = 1 ] && pmull=true + fi + printf '{"source":"%s","neon":%s,"sha2":%s,"sha3":%s,"sha512":%s,"aes":%s,"pmull":%s}' \ + "$src" "$neon" "$sha2" "$sha3" "$sha512" "$aes" "$pmull" +} + +# ---- package installation -------------------------------------------------- +# pqb_install_build_deps -> installs compiler/cmake/openssl headers per platform. +pqb_install_build_deps() { + if [ "$PQB_OS" = "macos" ]; then + command -v brew >/dev/null 2>&1 || { pqb_err "Homebrew required on macOS: https://brew.sh"; return 1; } + pqb_log "installing build deps via Homebrew" + brew install cmake ninja openssl@3.5 git python3 >/dev/null || true + elif [ "$PQB_OS" = "linux" ]; then + local SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo" + case "$(pqb_linux_family)" in + debian) + pqb_log "installing build deps via apt (Debian family)" + $SUDO apt-get update -qq + # linux-cpupower provides the `cpupower` binary used by + # pqb_set_governor_performance. (Older releases shipped cpufrequtils, + # dropped in Debian 13/trixie — cpupower is the replacement.) + # libssl-dev: the openssl BINARY is not enough — liboqs/oqs-provider + # need headers + a linkable libcrypto (the Fedora lesson, same idea). + $SUDO apt-get install -y -qq \ + build-essential cmake ninja-build git python3 perl \ + libssl-dev pkg-config astyle doxygen \ + linux-cpupower util-linux >/dev/null + ;; + fedora) + pqb_log "installing build deps via dnf (Fedora/RHEL family)" + # openssl-devel is the critical one: Fedora ships the openssl binary + # separately from the development files, and the liboqs cmake build + # fails with 'Could NOT find OpenSSL (missing OPENSSL_CRYPTO_LIBRARY + # OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR)' without it. + $SUDO dnf install -y \ + gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ninja-build git python3 perl \ + openssl openssl-devel pkgconf-pkg-config \ + kernel-tools util-linux + ;; + arch) + pqb_warn "Arch detected (unverified platform) — install manually:" + echo " sudo pacman -S --needed base-devel cmake ninja git python openssl perl" >&2 + return 1 + ;; + suse) + pqb_warn "openSUSE detected (unverified platform) — install manually:" + echo " sudo zypper install gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ninja git python3 perl libopenssl-devel" >&2 + return 1 + ;; + *) + pqb_warn "unknown Linux family; install with your package manager:" + echo " C compiler, make, cmake, ninja, git, python3, perl, OpenSSL development files (headers + libcrypto)" >&2 + return 1 + ;; + esac + fi +} diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/setup.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/setup.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..6829706 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/setup.sh @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# ============================================================================= +# setup.sh — build + pin the full PQ toolchain from scratch. +# +# ./setup/setup.sh # everything: deps, liboqs, openssl(if needed), oqs-provider +# ./setup/setup.sh liboqs # just liboqs +# ./setup/setup.sh openssl # just openssl (forced from source) +# ./setup/setup.sh provider # just oqs-provider +# ./setup/setup.sh deps # just OS packages +# +# Everything is installed under ./vendor/install (no system pollution). The exact +# resolved git commits + the optimization flags actually used are written to +# setup/versions.lock, which run.sh stamps into every results JSON. +# +# Identical flags for every candidate: -O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76 on the RPi5. On a +# non-A76 host (the macOS smoke box) we fall back to -O3 and RECORD that, so +# smoke-test numbers can never masquerade as the RPi5 baseline. +# ============================================================================= +set -euo pipefail + +HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)" +ROOT="$(cd "$HERE/.." && pwd)" +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$HERE/lib_platform.sh" +# shellcheck source=setup/versions.env +source "$HERE/versions.env" + +pqb_detect_platform +# set -e deaths must never be silent (see run.sh) +set -E # errtrace: without it the ERR trap does not fire inside functions +trap 'pqb_err "setup.sh aborted at line $LINENO while running: $BASH_COMMAND"' ERR + +VENDOR="$ROOT/vendor" +SRC="$VENDOR/src" +PREFIX="$VENDOR/install" +mkdir -p "$SRC" "$PREFIX" + +JOBS="$( (command -v nproc >/dev/null && nproc) || sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null || echo 4)" +LOGDIR="$VENDOR/logs" +mkdir -p "$LOGDIR" + +# run_logged — build steps must never fail silently. The old +# `cmake --build ... >/dev/null` pattern discarded compiler errors entirely +# when the generator was Ninja (unlike make, ninja merges the compiler's +# stderr into its own STDOUT — so >/dev/null swallowed the actual error and +# the run died with nothing but an exit code). Full output goes to a log +# file; on failure the tail is replayed so the real error is on screen. +run_logged() { + local name="$1"; shift + local log="$LOGDIR/$name.log" rc=0 + "$@" >"$log" 2>&1 || rc=$? + if [ "$rc" -ne 0 ]; then + pqb_err "step '$name' FAILED (exit $rc): $*" + pqb_err "last 30 lines of $log:" + tail -30 "$log" >&2 + return $rc + fi +} + +# ---- decide the real optimization flags for THIS host ---------------------- +# Detection lives in lib_platform.sh (pqb_choose_cflags): cortex-a76 on Linux +# aarch64, apple-mN via -mcpu=native on Apple-silicon macOS, fallback elsewhere. +choose_cflags() { + pqb_choose_cflags +} + +cc_version_string() { + local cc="${CC:-cc}" + "$cc" --version 2>/dev/null | head -1 +} + +git_pin() { # repo ref destdir + local repo="$1" ref="$2" dest="$3" + if [ -d "$dest/.git" ]; then + pqb_log "updating $(basename "$dest") -> $ref" + git -C "$dest" fetch -q --depth 1 origin "$ref" || git -C "$dest" fetch -q --tags origin + else + pqb_log "cloning $(basename "$dest") @ $ref" + git clone -q --depth 1 --branch "$ref" "$repo" "$dest" 2>/dev/null \ + || git clone -q "$repo" "$dest" + fi + git -C "$dest" checkout -q "$ref" 2>/dev/null || true + git -C "$dest" rev-parse HEAD +} + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +build_liboqs() { + choose_cflags + # liboqs links libcrypto for AES/SHA-2 (OQS_USE_{AES,SHA2}_OPENSSL default + # ON), so it MUST build against the same pinned OpenSSL as everything else — + # otherwise bench_pq/bench_tls load two libcrypto versions in one process + # and the AES/SHA-2-dependent rows silently measure a different OpenSSL. + [ -n "${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-}" ] || locate_or_build_openssl + local dest="$SRC/liboqs" commit + commit="$(git_pin "$LIBOQS_REPO" "$LIBOQS_REF" "$dest")" + pqb_log "building liboqs ($LIBOQS_REF @ ${commit:0:12}) flags: $BENCH_CFLAGS openssl: $OPENSSL_PREFIX" + + # OQS_DIST_BUILD=OFF -> native build for the fixed target (no runtime CPU + # dispatch), so -mcpu=cortex-a76 fully drives codegen. The AArch64-optimized + # ML-KEM (mlkem-native) and AArch64 asm backends are enabled by default on + # aarch64 when DIST_BUILD is OFF (compile-time CPU features); verified post-build. + local GEN=(); command -v ninja >/dev/null 2>&1 && GEN=(-G Ninja) + # CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib pins ONE install layout on every platform: + # GNUInstallDirs defaults to lib64 on Red Hat family, which broke every + # hand-written path downstream (-L, rpath, the guards) while cmake's own + # find_package kept working — the root cause of the Fedora failure chain. + # Nothing outside this repo consumes vendor/install, so forcing lib is safe. + run_logged liboqs-configure cmake -S "$dest" -B "$dest/build" ${GEN[@]+"${GEN[@]}"} \ + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$PREFIX" \ + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \ + -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \ + -DOQS_DIST_BUILD=OFF \ + -DOQS_BUILD_ONLY_LIB=OFF \ + -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \ + -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR="$OPENSSL_PREFIX" \ + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH="$PREFIX/lib" \ + -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="$BENCH_CFLAGS" + run_logged liboqs-build cmake --build "$dest/build" --parallel "$JOBS" + run_logged liboqs-install cmake --install "$dest/build" + + # Prove the optimized backend: capture the aarch64/native defines from the + # generated build config so versions.lock can show what was actually compiled. + local cfg="$dest/build/include/oqs/oqsconfig.h" + LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES="(oqsconfig.h not found)" + if [ -r "$cfg" ]; then + # strip embedded double-quotes so the value stays valid in versions.lock + LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES="$(grep -Ei 'AARCH64|ARM|_ASM|MLKEM_NATIVE|OPT_TARGET|CPU_EXT' "$cfg" \ + | grep -i 'define' | sed 's/^#define //' | tr -d '"' | tr '\n' ';' || true)" + fi + LIBOQS_COMMIT="$commit" +} + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +locate_or_build_openssl() { + # OpenSSL is PINNED to the 3.5.x LTS line on every platform (macOS: keg-only + # Homebrew openssl@3.5; Debian 13 ships 3.5.x as the system openssl), so + # Mac-vs-Pi TLS numbers never compare different OpenSSL minor lines. Pass 1 + # accepts only 3.5.x; pass 2 falls back to any >= 3.5 with a loud warning and + # records the deviation via OPENSSL_COMMIT (stamped into every results JSON). + local want_major=3 want_minor=5 + if [ "${1:-}" != "force" ] && [ "${BUILD_OPENSSL:-0}" != 1 ]; then + # Reuse an already-vendored source build first: the phases run as separate + # processes, and the candidate walk below only looks at keg/system paths, + # so without this every phase would source-build OpenSSL again from + # scratch. Probing by EXECUTION is deliberate — it proves the binary + # resolves its own libssl/libcrypto (the rpath baked in below); an + # rpath-less build from before that fix fails this probe and is rebuilt. + # OPENSSL_COMMIT stays unset here: write_lock seeds it from the existing + # lock, which has the real commit. + if [ -x "$PREFIX/bin/openssl" ]; then + local vv + vv="$("$PREFIX/bin/openssl" version 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}')" + case "$vv" in + "$want_major.$want_minor".*) + OPENSSL_BIN="$PREFIX/bin/openssl" + OPENSSL_PREFIX="$PREFIX" + pqb_log "reusing vendored OpenSSL $vv at $PREFIX" + return 0 ;; + esac + fi + local pass cand + for pass in pinned fallback; do + for cand in /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3.5/bin/openssl \ + "$(command -v openssl || true)" \ + /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl; do + [ -x "$cand" ] || continue + local v; v="$("$cand" version 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}')" + # NB: assign on separate lines. A single `local a=.. b=.. c="${b..}"` makes + # bash 5.2 declare all names (unset) *before* expanding any RHS, so the + # reference to `rest` here trips `set -u` (unbound variable) on the Pi. + local maj rest min + maj="${v%%.*}"; rest="${v#*.}"; min="${rest%%.*}" + if [ "$pass" = pinned ]; then + [ "${maj:-0}" = "$want_major" ] && [ "${min:-0}" = "$want_minor" ] || continue + else + [ "${maj:-0}" -gt "$want_major" ] 2>/dev/null || \ + { [ "${maj:-0}" -eq "$want_major" ] && [ "${min:-0}" -ge "$want_minor" ]; } 2>/dev/null \ + || continue + pqb_warn "no OpenSSL on the pinned 3.5.x line found; using $v at $cand — cross-machine TLS comparisons must check toolchain.openssl" + fi + OPENSSL_BIN="$cand" + OPENSSL_PREFIX="$(dirname "$(dirname "$cand")")" + OPENSSL_COMMIT="system:$v" + pqb_log "using existing OpenSSL $v at $cand" + return 0 + done + done + fi + pqb_log "building OpenSSL $OPENSSL_REF from source" + local dest="$SRC/openssl" commit + commit="$(git_pin "$OPENSSL_REPO" "$OPENSSL_REF" "$dest")" + # --libdir=lib: OpenSSL's own Configure defaults to lib64 on Red Hat-family + # x86_64 — same one-layout pin as CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib for the cmake + # projects (downstream -L/rpath/guards all assume vendor/install/lib). + # -Wl,-rpath: without it the installed bin/openssl resolves libssl/libcrypto + # from the SYSTEM path (on Fedora that's the older 3.2.x — symbol-version + # errors on every invocation), because the source build only happens on + # hosts whose system OpenSSL is older than the pin. + ( cd "$dest" \ + && run_logged openssl-configure ./Configure --prefix="$PREFIX" --openssldir="$PREFIX/ssl" \ + --libdir=lib shared "-Wl,-rpath,$PREFIX/lib" \ + && run_logged openssl-build make -j"$JOBS" \ + && run_logged openssl-install make install_sw \ + && run_logged openssl-install-ssldirs make install_ssldirs ) + # install_ssldirs: install_sw alone ships no openssl.cnf; every `openssl + # req` (PKI generation) then fails with "Can't open .../ssl/openssl.cnf" + OPENSSL_BIN="$PREFIX/bin/openssl" + OPENSSL_PREFIX="$PREFIX" + OPENSSL_COMMIT="$commit" +} + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +build_oqs_provider() { + [ -n "${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-}" ] || locate_or_build_openssl + local dest="$SRC/oqs-provider" commit + commit="$(git_pin "$OQSPROVIDER_REPO" "$OQSPROVIDER_REF" "$dest")" + pqb_log "building oqs-provider ($OQSPROVIDER_REF @ ${commit:0:12})" + local GEN=(); command -v ninja >/dev/null 2>&1 && GEN=(-G Ninja) + run_logged provider-configure cmake -S "$dest" -B "$dest/build" ${GEN[@]+"${GEN[@]}"} \ + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$PREFIX" \ + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \ + -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \ + -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR="$OPENSSL_PREFIX" \ + -Dliboqs_DIR="$PREFIX/lib/cmake/liboqs" \ + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH="$PREFIX/lib" \ + -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${BENCH_CFLAGS:-$TARGET_CFLAGS_FALLBACK}" + run_logged provider-build cmake --build "$dest/build" --parallel "$JOBS" + run_logged provider-install cmake --install "$dest/build" || true + # Provider .so lands under .../lib/ossl-modules or .../oqsprovider + OQSPROVIDER_MODULE="$(find "$PREFIX" "$dest/build" -name 'oqsprovider.*' \( -name '*.so' -o -name '*.dylib' \) 2>/dev/null | head -1)" + OQSPROVIDER_COMMIT="$commit" +} + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +write_lock() { + choose_cflags 2>/dev/null || true + local lock="$HERE/versions.lock" + # Partial runs (e.g. `setup.sh provider`) must not erase the provenance of + # components built earlier: seed any variable NOT set by this invocation from + # the existing lock, so the lock always describes the full installed state. + if [ -f "$lock" ]; then + local k v + while IFS='=' read -r k v; do + case "$k" in ''|\#*) continue ;; esac + v="${v%\"}"; v="${v#\"}" + case "$k" in + LIBOQS_COMMIT|LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES|OPENSSL_BIN|OPENSSL_PREFIX|OPENSSL_COMMIT|OQSPROVIDER_COMMIT|OQSPROVIDER_MODULE) + eval ": \"\${$k:=\$v}\"" ;; + esac + done < "$lock" + fi + { + echo "# Auto-generated by setup.sh — exact toolchain provenance. Stamped into results JSON." + echo "PQB_BUILD_HOST_OS=$PQB_OS" + echo "PQB_BUILD_HOST_ARCH=$PQB_ARCH" + echo "PQB_IS_RPI=$PQB_IS_RPI" + echo "PQB_RPI_MODEL=\"${PQB_RPI_MODEL}\"" + echo "BENCH_CFLAGS=\"${BENCH_CFLAGS:-unknown}\"" + echo "CFLAGS_TARGET=\"${CFLAGS_TARGET:-unknown}\"" + echo "CC_VERSION=\"$(cc_version_string)\"" + echo "LIBOQS_REF=\"$LIBOQS_REF\"" + echo "LIBOQS_COMMIT=\"${LIBOQS_COMMIT:-not-built}\"" + echo "LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES=\"${LIBOQS_OPT_DEFINES:-}\"" + echo "OPENSSL_BIN=\"${OPENSSL_BIN:-}\"" + echo "OPENSSL_PREFIX=\"${OPENSSL_PREFIX:-}\"" + echo "OPENSSL_COMMIT=\"${OPENSSL_COMMIT:-not-built}\"" + echo "OQSPROVIDER_REF=\"$OQSPROVIDER_REF\"" + echo "OQSPROVIDER_COMMIT=\"${OQSPROVIDER_COMMIT:-not-built}\"" + echo "OQSPROVIDER_MODULE=\"${OQSPROVIDER_MODULE:-}\"" + echo "PREFIX=\"$PREFIX\"" + } > "$lock" + pqb_log "wrote $lock" + cat "$lock" >&2 +} + +# ---- dispatch -------------------------------------------------------------- +main() { + local what="${1:-all}" + case "$what" in + deps) pqb_install_build_deps ;; + liboqs) build_liboqs; write_lock ;; + openssl) locate_or_build_openssl force; write_lock ;; + provider) build_oqs_provider; write_lock ;; + all) + pqb_install_build_deps + build_liboqs + locate_or_build_openssl + build_oqs_provider + write_lock + pqb_log "setup complete. Next: ./run.sh --smoke" + ;; + *) pqb_err "unknown target: $what (deps|liboqs|openssl|provider|all)"; exit 2 ;; + esac +} +main "$@" diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/versions.env b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/versions.env new file mode 100644 index 0000000..714886b --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/versions.env @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +# ============================================================================= +# Pinned upstream versions for the PQ benchmark toolchain. +# +# These are the *intended* refs. setup/setup.sh clones each at the tag below +# and then records the *actually resolved* commit hash into setup/versions.lock, +# which is stamped verbatim into every results JSON. That way a results file is +# always traceable to exact source, even if a tag is ever re-pointed upstream. +# +# Override any of these from the environment, e.g.: +# LIBOQS_REF=main ./setup/setup.sh +# ============================================================================= + +# liboqs: KEM/signature implementations. >= 0.15.0 ships the AArch64-optimized +# ML-KEM backend (mlkem-native). We enable it explicitly in setup.sh. +LIBOQS_REPO="${LIBOQS_REPO:-https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs.git}" +LIBOQS_REF="${LIBOQS_REF:-0.15.0}" + +# OpenSSL — PINNED to the 3.5.x LTS line on every platform so Mac-vs-Pi TLS +# numbers never compare different OpenSSL minor lines (>= 3.5 is also the +# requirement for native ML-KEM/ML-DSA/SLH-DSA and PQ TLS 1.3 server auth). +# macOS: keg-only Homebrew openssl@3.5 (brew install openssl@3.5) +# Debian 13: the system openssl package is already 3.5.x (verified from +# Debian packaging metadata; confirm on the Pi with +# `openssl version`) +# setup.sh prefers a 3.5.x binary, falls back to any >= 3.5 with a warning, +# and only builds the ref below from source when nothing suitable exists or +# BUILD_OPENSSL=1 is set. The exact version used is always recorded in +# versions.lock (OPENSSL_COMMIT) and stamped into every results JSON. +OPENSSL_REPO="${OPENSSL_REPO:-https://github.com/openssl/openssl.git}" +OPENSSL_REF="${OPENSSL_REF:-openssl-3.5.7}" + +# oqs-provider >= 0.9.0 — wires liboqs algorithms into OpenSSL as a provider, +# giving us PQ KEM groups and PQ signature certs for the TLS layer. +OQSPROVIDER_REPO="${OQSPROVIDER_REPO:-https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/oqs-provider.git}" +OQSPROVIDER_REF="${OQSPROVIDER_REF:-0.9.0}" + +# RustCrypto pure-Rust crates (bench/rust, the `rustcrypto` measurement +# group). Cargo.toml pins these EXACTLY ("=x.y.z") and Cargo.lock is +# committed; the values here are the documented intent (change both together). +# All three are pure Rust (no liboqs/PQClean/FFI in the dependency tree), +# pre-1.0 and unaudited — fine for benchmarking, stated in README. slh-dsa +# deliberately tracks the current 0.2.0-rc line (we measure performance, so we +# measure the current implementation), pinned to an exact rc. +RUST_MLKEM_VERSION="0.3.2" +RUST_MLDSA_VERSION="0.1.1" +RUST_SLHDSA_VERSION="0.2.0-rc.5" +# Pure-Rust classical baselines (dalek crates) — the in-family X25519/Ed25519 +# anchors for the rustcrypto group, mirroring the C side's OpenSSL baselines. +RUST_X25519_DALEK_VERSION="3.0.0" +RUST_ED25519_DALEK_VERSION="3.0.0" + +# rustls TLS stack (bench/rust-tls, the `rustls-awslc` TLS group + the +# `aws-lc-rs` primitive pricing rows). Exact pins in that crate's Cargo.toml; +# Cargo.lock committed. ML-DSA rides rustls-post-quantum/aws-lc-rs-unstable +# (rows carry unstable_features:true). +RUST_RUSTLS_VERSION="0.23.42" +RUST_RUSTLS_PQ_VERSION="0.2.4" +RUST_AWS_LC_RS_VERSION="1.17.3" + +# Identical optimization flags for every candidate (the credibility anchor). +# cortex-a76 is the RPi5 core. On non-A76 hosts (e.g. the macOS smoke box) +# setup.sh substitutes a safe fallback and records which flags were *actually* +# used in versions.lock + results JSON, so smoke numbers are never mistaken for +# the RPi5 baseline. +TARGET_CFLAGS_RPI5="${TARGET_CFLAGS_RPI5:--O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76}" +TARGET_CFLAGS_FALLBACK="${TARGET_CFLAGS_FALLBACK:--O3}" + +# Pinned core for taskset on the RPi5 (4 cores: 0-3). Core 3 is chosen to stay +# away from CPU0 where the kernel tends to steer IRQs/RPS. Documented in README. +BENCH_CORE="${BENCH_CORE:-3}" From f726095fd5faed40f91ea9a518fbfeab014463b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: megonen Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2026 07:09:15 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 02/11] =?UTF-8?q?pqc:=20refresh=20snapshot=20@=201871915?= =?UTF-8?q?=20=E2=80=94=20new=20RPi5=20baseline?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Baseline re-measured on the same Pi 5 by the narrowed-sudo runner: medians agree with the previous baseline within ±0.2% (primitives) and ±0.6% (TLS), so rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z is retired to history and rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z becomes the published reference run. Upstream commit 84946c4. (cherry picked from commit 7b0bfc1d3bd0d1544bf4486b7d51f5b6ae761a35) --- tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore | 1 + .../benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt | 12 +- .../benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json | 3264 +-- .../results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json | 21260 ++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 22902 insertions(+), 1635 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore index 0d255df..a0c6d6c 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore @@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ bench/rust-tls/target/ # copies of this .gitignore don't silently exclude the published baseline; # the file was originally force-added on the Pi). !results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json +!results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json # Published 2026-07-30: Apple M4 Pro + Fedora 44 x86_64 cross-platform runs # (see analyze/published_runs.txt for provenance) diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt index f15466a..aee216b 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt @@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ # ---- current generation (schema 2.0.0: four measurement groups, three-stack # ---- TLS phase matrix, SLH-DSA + SPHINCS+ side by side, Frodo AES+SHAKE) ---- # -# Consolidated baseline-grade RPi5 run (cortex-a76, OpenSSL 3.5.6, 1716 s, -# no throttling, zero warnings): -rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json +# Consolidated baseline-grade RPi5 run (cortex-a76, OpenSSL 3.5.6, 1692 s, +# no throttling, zero warnings; first baseline produced by the narrowed-sudo +# runner — measurement as the user, only the governor write escalated. +# Supersedes rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z (same machine, same coverage; +# medians agree within ±0.2% primitives / ±0.6% TLS — retired below): +rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json # Consolidated Mac (Apple M3) cross-platform run (apple-m3 / -mcpu=native, # OpenSSL 3.5.7; NOT baseline-grade by design — dashboard hides it by default): mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json @@ -30,6 +33,9 @@ fedora-20260730T120637Z.json # schema-1.0.0 COMPATIBILITY FIXTURE for `make test` (hygiene test 5 in # scripts/selftest.sh exercises merge.py's v1 handling against it) — do NOT # delete it when tidying retired results. +# rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z: superseded by the 20260730 re-run above — +# identical machine and coverage, re-measured under the narrowed-sudo runner +# to verify it changes nothing (it doesn't); kept as history. # The old published set (rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z, mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z, # thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z) predates the SLH-DSA rename and measures none of: # the RustCrypto/aws-lc-rs groups, the native/rustls TLS phase matrix, or the diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json index 6167dc6..ca9b38a 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/data/merged.json @@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ "n_runs": 4, "runs": [ { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "host": { "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "os": "linux", "os_pretty": "Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)", "arch": "aarch64", - "kernel": "6.18.33+rpt-rpi-2712", + "kernel": "6.18.34+rpt-rpi-2712", "is_rpi": true, "rpi_model": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "cflags_target": "cortex-a76", "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", - "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_COMPILE_BUILD_TARGET aarch64-Linux-6.18.33+rpt-rpi-2712;ARCH_ARM64v8 1;OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;OQS_USE_ARM_AES_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA2_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_COMPILE_BUILD_TARGET aarch64-Linux-6.18.34+rpt-rpi-2712;ARCH_ARM64v8 1;OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;OQS_USE_ARM_AES_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA2_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", "openssl": "system:3.5.6", "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ } }, "cpu_features": { - "source": "/proc/cpuinfo", + "source": "/proc/cpuinfo (Features)", "neon": true, "sha2": true, "sha3": false, @@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ "pmull": true }, "run": { - "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-20T14:32:39Z", - "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", - "duration_s": 1716, + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-30T21:21:45Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", + "duration_s": 1692, "governor_requested": "performance", "governor_before": "performance", "governor_after": "performance", @@ -125,15 +125,15 @@ }, "thermal_summary": { "temp_c": { - "min": 56.5, - "max": 67.5, - "mean": 61.626, - "samples": 1683 + "min": 54.3, + "max": 65.9, + "mean": 59.95, + "samples": 1659 }, "throttling_detected": false }, - "generated_utc": "2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json" + "generated_utc": "2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json" }, { "run_id": "mehmetmac/Apple M3@2026-07-19T23:25:49Z", @@ -552,24 +552,24 @@ ], "kem": [ { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "X25519", "implementation": "openssl", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 56647.0, + "median_ns": 56686.0, "mad_ns": 37.0, - "iqr_ns": 92.0, - "min_ns": 56537.0, - "stddev_ns": 564.29, - "ops_per_sec": 17653.19, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 221960.0, + "iqr_ns": 74.0, + "min_ns": 56574.0, + "stddev_ns": 466.38, + "ops_per_sec": 17641.04, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 222150.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "openssl-internal", @@ -586,24 +586,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "X25519", "implementation": "openssl", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "derive", - "median_ns": 165313.0, - "mad_ns": 93.0, - "iqr_ns": 186.0, - "min_ns": 164442.0, - "stddev_ns": 916.8, - "ops_per_sec": 6049.13, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 221960.0, + "median_ns": 165464.0, + "mad_ns": 129.0, + "iqr_ns": 259.0, + "min_ns": 164334.0, + "stddev_ns": 1186.6, + "ops_per_sec": 6043.61, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 222150.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "openssl-internal", @@ -620,24 +620,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-512", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 18166.0, + "median_ns": 18203.0, "mad_ns": 19.0, - "iqr_ns": 38.0, - "min_ns": 18073.0, - "stddev_ns": 452.81, - "ops_per_sec": 55047.89, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 62591.0, + "iqr_ns": 37.0, + "min_ns": 18111.0, + "stddev_ns": 428.25, + "ops_per_sec": 54936.0, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 62703.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aarch64-asm", @@ -661,24 +661,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-512", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 20499.0, + "median_ns": 20537.0, "mad_ns": 18.0, "iqr_ns": 37.0, - "min_ns": 20425.0, - "stddev_ns": 395.47, - "ops_per_sec": 48782.87, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 62591.0, + "min_ns": 20463.0, + "stddev_ns": 310.86, + "ops_per_sec": 48692.6, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 62703.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aarch64-asm", @@ -702,24 +702,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, 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-1029,24 +1029,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Classic-McEliece-348864", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 66148.0, - "mad_ns": 463.0, - "iqr_ns": 5685.0, - "min_ns": 65480.0, - "stddev_ns": 6536.73, - "ops_per_sec": 15117.62, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 174877023.0, + "median_ns": 66222.0, + "mad_ns": 407.0, + "iqr_ns": 5686.0, + "min_ns": 65611.0, + "stddev_ns": 6678.29, + "ops_per_sec": 15100.72, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 175015917.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -1069,24 +1069,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": 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"rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Classic-McEliece-460896", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 130925.0, - "mad_ns": 11093.0, - "iqr_ns": 32407.0, - "min_ns": 118832.0, - "stddev_ns": 24878.69, - "ops_per_sec": 7637.96, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 403903466.0, + "median_ns": 130537.0, + "mad_ns": 11111.0, + "iqr_ns": 25342.75, + "min_ns": 118296.0, + "stddev_ns": 23762.29, + "ops_per_sec": 7660.66, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 513229416.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -1189,24 +1189,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Classic-McEliece-460896", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 58743749.5, - "mad_ns": 191516.0, - "iqr_ns": 329607.25, - "min_ns": 58029258.0, - "stddev_ns": 286977.31, - "ops_per_sec": 17.02, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 403903466.0, + "median_ns": 58693634.5, + "mad_ns": 172654.5, + "iqr_ns": 335741.5, + "min_ns": 58031429.0, + "stddev_ns": 279721.85, + "ops_per_sec": 17.04, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 513229416.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -1229,24 +1229,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Classic-McEliece-460896f", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 228718918.5, - "mad_ns": 197821.0, - "iqr_ns": 488657.0, - "min_ns": 228469024.0, - "stddev_ns": 501285.83, + "median_ns": 228616049.0, + "mad_ns": 153596.5, + "iqr_ns": 645349.25, + "min_ns": 228384917.0, + "stddev_ns": 561125.19, "ops_per_sec": 4.37, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 287591935.0, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 287333320.5, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -1269,24 +1269,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Classic-McEliece-460896f", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 130591.0, - "mad_ns": 11111.0, - "iqr_ns": 24722.0, - "min_ns": 118369.0, - "stddev_ns": 23270.78, - "ops_per_sec": 7657.5, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 287591935.0, + "median_ns": 130538.0, + "mad_ns": 11131.0, + "iqr_ns": 31926.0, + "min_ns": 118352.0, + "stddev_ns": 23870.73, + "ops_per_sec": 7660.6, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 287333320.5, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -1309,24 +1309,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, 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+ "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 5499962.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -1949,24 +1949,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "FrodoKEM-1344-AES", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 3070239.0, - "mad_ns": 869.0, - "iqr_ns": 1704.0, - "min_ns": 3065980.0, - "stddev_ns": 10214.31, - "ops_per_sec": 325.71, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9948959.5, + "median_ns": 3071021.0, + "mad_ns": 778.0, + "iqr_ns": 1926.0, + "min_ns": 3067021.0, + "stddev_ns": 10382.11, + "ops_per_sec": 325.62, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9952476.0, "acceleration": { 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@@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "FrodoKEM-1344-AES", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 3409643.0, - "mad_ns": 1222.0, - "iqr_ns": 2481.0, - "min_ns": 3407180.0, - "stddev_ns": 142979.46, - "ops_per_sec": 293.29, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9948959.5, + "median_ns": 3409871.0, + "mad_ns": 1000.0, + "iqr_ns": 2000.0, + "min_ns": 3405834.0, + "stddev_ns": 14604.32, + "ops_per_sec": 293.27, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9952476.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -2069,24 +2069,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "FrodoKEM-640-SHAKE", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 2886974.0, - "mad_ns": 510.0, - "iqr_ns": 1795.75, - "min_ns": 2884130.0, - "stddev_ns": 4459.16, - "ops_per_sec": 346.38, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9574354.0, + "median_ns": 2886281.0, + "mad_ns": 629.0, + "iqr_ns": 1556.0, + "min_ns": 2883226.0, + "stddev_ns": 4869.45, + "ops_per_sec": 346.47, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9577329.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -2109,24 +2109,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "FrodoKEM-640-SHAKE", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 3354903.0, - "mad_ns": 537.0, - "iqr_ns": 1037.0, - "min_ns": 3352032.0, - "stddev_ns": 7411.02, - "ops_per_sec": 298.07, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9574354.0, + "median_ns": 3356825.0, + "mad_ns": 398.0, + "iqr_ns": 792.25, + "min_ns": 3354168.0, + "stddev_ns": 5817.96, + "ops_per_sec": 297.9, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9577329.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -2149,24 +2149,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "FrodoKEM-640-SHAKE", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 3332477.0, - "mad_ns": 370.0, - "iqr_ns": 759.0, - "min_ns": 3329551.0, - "stddev_ns": 5834.96, - "ops_per_sec": 300.08, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9574354.0, + "median_ns": 3334223.0, + "mad_ns": 463.0, + "iqr_ns": 972.0, + "min_ns": 3331557.0, + "stddev_ns": 5721.37, + "ops_per_sec": 299.92, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 9577329.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -2189,24 +2189,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", 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true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "FrodoKEM-976-SHAKE", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 7426259.5, - "mad_ns": 1286.5, - "iqr_ns": 2800.75, - "min_ns": 7421315.0, - "stddev_ns": 15246.76, - "ops_per_sec": 134.66, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 21265411.5, + "median_ns": 7437933.0, + "mad_ns": 1009.0, + "iqr_ns": 1944.75, + "min_ns": 7434443.0, + "stddev_ns": 12543.89, + "ops_per_sec": 134.45, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 21261962.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -2269,24 +2269,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": 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"total_sum_of_medians_ns": 141315.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2581,24 +2581,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-512", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 56703.0, + "median_ns": 56648.0, "mad_ns": 55.0, - "iqr_ns": 93.0, - "min_ns": 56481.0, - "stddev_ns": 658.91, - "ops_per_sec": 17635.75, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 141498.0, + "iqr_ns": 92.0, + "min_ns": 56407.0, + "stddev_ns": 436.35, + "ops_per_sec": 17652.87, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 141315.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2623,24 +2623,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-768", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 72648.0, + "median_ns": 72666.0, "mad_ns": 667.0, "iqr_ns": 1351.0, - "min_ns": 70036.0, - "stddev_ns": 1126.91, - "ops_per_sec": 13765.0, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 241016.0, + "min_ns": 70166.0, + "stddev_ns": 1095.75, + "ops_per_sec": 13761.59, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 244035.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2665,24 +2665,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-768", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 75110.0, + "median_ns": 76629.0, "mad_ns": 185.0, - "iqr_ns": 555.0, - "min_ns": 74666.0, - "stddev_ns": 799.82, - "ops_per_sec": 13313.81, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 241016.0, + "iqr_ns": 537.0, + "min_ns": 76167.0, + "stddev_ns": 635.71, + "ops_per_sec": 13049.89, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 244035.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2707,24 +2707,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-768", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 93258.0, - "mad_ns": 92.0, - "iqr_ns": 184.0, - "min_ns": 92813.0, - "stddev_ns": 697.18, - "ops_per_sec": 10722.94, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 241016.0, + "median_ns": 94740.0, + "mad_ns": 74.0, + "iqr_ns": 166.0, + "min_ns": 94333.0, + "stddev_ns": 701.68, + "ops_per_sec": 10555.2, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 244035.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2749,24 +2749,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 115684.0, + "median_ns": 115703.0, "mad_ns": 870.0, - "iqr_ns": 1741.0, - "min_ns": 111758.0, - "stddev_ns": 1437.74, - "ops_per_sec": 8644.24, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 378977.0, + "iqr_ns": 1722.0, + "min_ns": 111962.0, + "stddev_ns": 1471.18, + "ops_per_sec": 8642.82, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 378461.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2791,24 +2791,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 120128.0, - "mad_ns": 240.0, + "median_ns": 119888.0, + "mad_ns": 241.0, "iqr_ns": 537.0, - "min_ns": 119517.0, - "stddev_ns": 931.53, - "ops_per_sec": 8324.45, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 378977.0, + "min_ns": 119314.0, + "stddev_ns": 926.65, + "ops_per_sec": 8341.12, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 378461.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2833,24 +2833,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 143165.0, - "mad_ns": 111.0, - "iqr_ns": 240.0, - "min_ns": 142609.0, - "stddev_ns": 820.61, - "ops_per_sec": 6984.95, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 378977.0, + "median_ns": 142870.0, + "mad_ns": 129.0, + "iqr_ns": 259.0, + "min_ns": 142314.0, + "stddev_ns": 872.04, + "ops_per_sec": 6999.37, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 378461.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -2875,24 +2875,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "X25519", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 21112.0, + "median_ns": 21111.0, "mad_ns": 18.0, - "iqr_ns": 37.0, - "min_ns": 21019.0, - "stddev_ns": 347.31, - "ops_per_sec": 47366.43, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 67965.0, + "iqr_ns": 19.0, + "min_ns": 21018.0, + "stddev_ns": 299.52, + "ops_per_sec": 47368.67, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 67962.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -2915,24 +2915,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "X25519", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "derive", - "median_ns": 46853.0, + "median_ns": 46851.0, "mad_ns": 1.0, "iqr_ns": 19.0, - "min_ns": 46815.0, - "stddev_ns": 401.36, - "ops_per_sec": 21343.35, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 67965.0, + "min_ns": 46814.0, + "stddev_ns": 430.52, + "ops_per_sec": 21344.26, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 67962.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -2955,24 +2955,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "secp256r1", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "keygen", "median_ns": 26908.0, - "mad_ns": 19.0, - "iqr_ns": 37.0, + "mad_ns": 18.0, + "iqr_ns": 19.0, "min_ns": 26815.0, - "stddev_ns": 567.86, + "stddev_ns": 434.44, "ops_per_sec": 37163.67, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 133169.0, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 133166.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -2995,24 +2995,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "secp256r1", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "derive", - "median_ns": 106261.0, + "median_ns": 106258.0, "mad_ns": 55.0, "iqr_ns": 93.0, - "min_ns": 105483.0, - "stddev_ns": 502.46, - "ops_per_sec": 9410.79, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 133169.0, + "min_ns": 105388.0, + "stddev_ns": 652.6, + "ops_per_sec": 9411.06, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 133166.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -3035,24 +3035,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-768", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 28464.0, + "median_ns": 28463.0, "mad_ns": 19.0, "iqr_ns": 55.0, - "min_ns": 28370.0, - "stddev_ns": 621.97, - "ops_per_sec": 35132.1, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 97205.0, + "min_ns": 28352.0, + "stddev_ns": 570.21, + "ops_per_sec": 35133.33, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 101166.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -3075,24 +3075,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-768", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 31722.0, - "mad_ns": 17.0, + "median_ns": 33722.0, + "mad_ns": 18.0, "iqr_ns": 19.0, - "min_ns": 31667.0, - "stddev_ns": 399.8, - "ops_per_sec": 31523.86, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 97205.0, + "min_ns": 33648.0, + "stddev_ns": 375.34, + "ops_per_sec": 29654.23, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 101166.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -3115,24 +3115,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-768", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 37019.0, + "median_ns": 38981.0, "mad_ns": 18.0, - "iqr_ns": 37.0, - "min_ns": 36963.0, - "stddev_ns": 453.44, - "ops_per_sec": 27013.16, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 97205.0, + "iqr_ns": 36.0, + "min_ns": 38907.0, + "stddev_ns": 317.22, + "ops_per_sec": 25653.52, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 101166.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -3155,24 +3155,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 42964.0, + "median_ns": 43018.0, "mad_ns": 37.0, - "iqr_ns": 74.0, - "min_ns": 42815.0, - "stddev_ns": 868.26, - "ops_per_sec": 23275.3, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 145447.0, + "iqr_ns": 57.0, + "min_ns": 42870.0, + "stddev_ns": 803.05, + "ops_per_sec": 23246.08, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 145517.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -3195,24 +3195,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "encaps", - "median_ns": 47631.0, + "median_ns": 47648.0, "mad_ns": 18.0, - "iqr_ns": 37.0, - "min_ns": 47556.0, - "stddev_ns": 339.24, - "ops_per_sec": 20994.73, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 145447.0, + "iqr_ns": 20.0, + "min_ns": 47574.0, + "stddev_ns": 715.55, + "ops_per_sec": 20987.24, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 145517.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -3235,24 +3235,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "decaps", - "median_ns": 54852.0, + "median_ns": 54851.0, "mad_ns": 18.0, - "iqr_ns": 19.0, - "min_ns": 54760.0, - "stddev_ns": 549.34, - "ops_per_sec": 18230.88, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 145447.0, + "iqr_ns": 37.0, + "min_ns": 54777.0, + "stddev_ns": 438.45, + "ops_per_sec": 18231.21, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 145517.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -11437,24 +11437,24 @@ ], "sig": [ { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "openssl", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 57944.0, - "mad_ns": 19.0, - "iqr_ns": 38.0, - "min_ns": 57851.0, - "stddev_ns": 666.78, - "ops_per_sec": 17258.04, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 260165.0, + "median_ns": 58036.0, + "mad_ns": 20.0, + "iqr_ns": 56.0, + "min_ns": 57925.0, + "stddev_ns": 618.76, + "ops_per_sec": 17230.68, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 260443.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "openssl-internal", @@ -11470,24 +11470,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "openssl", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "sign", - "median_ns": 57574.0, + "median_ns": 57611.0, "mad_ns": 19.0, - "iqr_ns": 37.0, - "min_ns": 57480.0, - "stddev_ns": 631.32, - "ops_per_sec": 17368.95, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 260165.0, + "iqr_ns": 38.0, + "min_ns": 57536.0, + "stddev_ns": 624.96, + "ops_per_sec": 17357.8, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 260443.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "openssl-internal", @@ -11503,24 +11503,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "openssl", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "verify", - "median_ns": 144647.0, - "mad_ns": 56.0, - "iqr_ns": 111.0, - "min_ns": 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Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-87", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 288496.0, - "mad_ns": 1037.0, - "iqr_ns": 2204.0, - "min_ns": 284256.0, - "stddev_ns": 2559.54, - "ops_per_sec": 3466.25, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1427982.0, + "median_ns": 288387.0, + "mad_ns": 1148.0, + "iqr_ns": 2574.0, + "min_ns": 284610.0, + "stddev_ns": 2321.66, + "ops_per_sec": 3467.56, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1427492.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -11809,24 +11809,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": 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"source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-192f-simple", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "verify", - "median_ns": 3320662.0, - "mad_ns": 1185.0, - "iqr_ns": 3083.0, - "min_ns": 3307052.0, - "stddev_ns": 6146.3, - "ops_per_sec": 301.14, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 69263603.0, + "median_ns": 3360774.0, + "mad_ns": 584.0, + "iqr_ns": 3774.0, + "min_ns": 3342497.0, + "stddev_ns": 6802.69, + "ops_per_sec": 297.55, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 69191838.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -12946,24 +12946,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-256f-simple", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 6192302.5, - "mad_ns": 6231.5, - "iqr_ns": 23865.25, - "min_ns": 6183294.0, - "stddev_ns": 24841.95, - "ops_per_sec": 161.49, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 137201369.5, + "median_ns": 6138775.0, + "mad_ns": 6481.0, + "iqr_ns": 12740.0, + "min_ns": 6123645.0, + "stddev_ns": 13341.48, + "ops_per_sec": 162.9, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 138252745.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -12985,24 +12985,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-256f-simple", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "sign", - "median_ns": 127590813.0, - "mad_ns": 88749.0, - "iqr_ns": 184521.5, - "min_ns": 127350399.0, - "stddev_ns": 446346.71, - "ops_per_sec": 7.84, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 137201369.5, + "median_ns": 128835361.5, + "mad_ns": 173380.0, + "iqr_ns": 363788.25, + "min_ns": 128425643.0, + "stddev_ns": 309203.24, + "ops_per_sec": 7.76, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 138252745.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -13024,24 +13024,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-256f-simple", "implementation": "liboqs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "verify", - "median_ns": 3418254.0, - "mad_ns": 982.0, - "iqr_ns": 1945.0, - "min_ns": 3416272.0, - "stddev_ns": 8648.16, - "ops_per_sec": 292.55, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 137201369.5, + "median_ns": 3278608.5, + "mad_ns": 3259.0, + "iqr_ns": 6944.0, + "min_ns": 3273423.0, + "stddev_ns": 13722.78, + "ops_per_sec": 305.01, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 138252745.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-c" @@ -13063,24 +13063,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 54740.0, - "mad_ns": 111.0, - "iqr_ns": 518.0, - "min_ns": 54499.0, - "stddev_ns": 513.05, - "ops_per_sec": 18268.18, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 293829.0, + "median_ns": 54759.0, + "mad_ns": 92.0, + "iqr_ns": 519.0, + "min_ns": 54518.0, + "stddev_ns": 432.12, + "ops_per_sec": 18261.84, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 292942.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -13096,24 +13096,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "sign", - "median_ns": 56499.0, + "median_ns": 56536.0, "mad_ns": 37.0, - "iqr_ns": 56.0, - "min_ns": 56277.0, - "stddev_ns": 436.92, - "ops_per_sec": 17699.43, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 293829.0, + "iqr_ns": 57.0, + "min_ns": 56295.0, + "stddev_ns": 538.76, + "ops_per_sec": 17687.84, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 292942.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -13129,24 +13129,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "verify", - "median_ns": 182590.0, + "median_ns": 181647.0, "mad_ns": 19.0, "iqr_ns": 38.0, - "min_ns": 182461.0, - 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"ops_per_sec": 3222.94, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1085919.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -13236,24 +13236,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-44", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 2, "operation": "sign", - "median_ns": 590511.0, - "mad_ns": 347180.0, - "iqr_ns": 694732.0, - "min_ns": 242349.0, - "stddev_ns": 666362.82, - "ops_per_sec": 1693.45, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1085282.0, + "median_ns": 590551.0, + "mad_ns": 347164.0, + "iqr_ns": 693181.0, + "min_ns": 242332.0, + "stddev_ns": 675674.59, + "ops_per_sec": 1693.33, + 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"portable-rust", @@ -13318,24 +13318,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-44", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 2, "operation": "verify_cached_key", - "median_ns": 98776.0, - "mad_ns": 56.0, - "iqr_ns": 129.0, - "min_ns": 98480.0, - "stddev_ns": 576.78, - "ops_per_sec": 10123.92, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1085282.0, + "median_ns": 98907.0, + "mad_ns": 55.0, + "iqr_ns": 94.0, + "min_ns": 98592.0, + "stddev_ns": 756.23, + "ops_per_sec": 10110.51, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1085919.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -13359,24 +13359,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-65", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 484031.0, - "mad_ns": 926.0, - "iqr_ns": 1962.0, - "min_ns": 479049.0, - "stddev_ns": 4092.27, - "ops_per_sec": 2065.98, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1867495.0, + "median_ns": 483682.0, + "mad_ns": 907.0, + "iqr_ns": 1888.0, + "min_ns": 478960.0, + "stddev_ns": 53579.81, + "ops_per_sec": 2067.47, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1863562.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -13400,24 +13400,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-65", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "sign", - "median_ns": 1089449.0, - "mad_ns": 497420.0, - "iqr_ns": 1240549.5, - "min_ns": 347162.0, - "stddev_ns": 1109585.24, - "ops_per_sec": 917.9, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1867495.0, + "median_ns": 1085956.0, + "mad_ns": 499422.0, + "iqr_ns": 1234843.0, + "min_ns": 346424.0, + "stddev_ns": 1154680.72, + "ops_per_sec": 920.85, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1863562.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -13441,24 +13441,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-65", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "verify", - "median_ns": 294015.0, - "mad_ns": 92.0, - "iqr_ns": 185.0, - "min_ns": 293589.0, - "stddev_ns": 1747.01, - "ops_per_sec": 3401.19, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1867495.0, + "median_ns": 293924.0, + "mad_ns": 111.0, + "iqr_ns": 222.0, + "min_ns": 293461.0, + "stddev_ns": 1494.73, + "ops_per_sec": 3402.24, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 1863562.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -13482,24 +13482,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 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"total_sum_of_medians_ns": 44054730.5, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "portable-rust", @@ -14287,24 +14287,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_256F", "implementation": "rustcrypto", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "verify_cached_key", - "median_ns": 1131113.0, - "mad_ns": 963.0, - "iqr_ns": 1926.0, - "min_ns": 1127669.0, - "stddev_ns": 2414.78, - "ops_per_sec": 884.08, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 44047745.5, + "median_ns": 1127807.5, + "mad_ns": 926.0, + "iqr_ns": 1865.75, + "min_ns": 1124104.0, + "stddev_ns": 3173.51, + "ops_per_sec": 886.68, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 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"rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "sign", - "median_ns": 22519.0, + "median_ns": 22518.0, "mad_ns": 19.0, "iqr_ns": 37.0, - "min_ns": 22426.0, - "stddev_ns": 358.49, - "ops_per_sec": 44406.95, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 158059.0, + "min_ns": 22389.0, + "stddev_ns": 210.41, + "ops_per_sec": 44408.92, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 157998.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -14407,24 +14407,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "Ed25519", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": true, "nist_level": 1, "operation": "verify", - "median_ns": 114039.0, + "median_ns": 113981.0, "mad_ns": 37.0, - "iqr_ns": 74.0, - "min_ns": 113705.0, - "stddev_ns": 665.42, - "ops_per_sec": 8768.93, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 158059.0, + "iqr_ns": 92.0, + "min_ns": 113703.0, + "stddev_ns": 760.71, + "ops_per_sec": 8773.39, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 157998.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -14447,24 +14447,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-44", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 2, "operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 69093.0, + "median_ns": 69110.0, "mad_ns": 38.0, "iqr_ns": 93.0, - "min_ns": 65112.0, - "stddev_ns": 868.69, - "ops_per_sec": 14473.25, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 294746.0, + "min_ns": 65111.0, + "stddev_ns": 820.74, + "ops_per_sec": 14469.69, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 292016.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -14486,24 +14486,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + 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"operation": "keygen", - "median_ns": 118669.0, + "median_ns": 118666.0, "mad_ns": 56.0, - "iqr_ns": 112.0, - "min_ns": 118391.0, - "stddev_ns": 628.13, - "ops_per_sec": 8426.8, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 488158.0, + "iqr_ns": 129.0, + "min_ns": 118314.0, + "stddev_ns": 786.42, + "ops_per_sec": 8427.01, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 485256.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -14603,24 +14603,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-65", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 3, "operation": "sign", - "median_ns": 256579.0, - "mad_ns": 79186.0, - "iqr_ns": 190132.5, - 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"stddev_ns": 176789.28, + "ops_per_sec": 2850.98, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 746736.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -14759,24 +14759,24 @@ } }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "ML-DSA-87", "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", "classical": false, "nist_level": 5, "operation": "verify", - "median_ns": 193818.0, + "median_ns": 193943.0, "mad_ns": 37.0, "iqr_ns": 74.0, - "min_ns": 193632.0, - "stddev_ns": 1312.23, - "ops_per_sec": 5159.48, - "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 744771.0, + "min_ns": 193795.0, + "stddev_ns": 1081.41, + "ops_per_sec": 5156.15, + "total_sum_of_medians_ns": 746736.0, "acceleration": { "arithmetic": { "path": "aws-lc-native", @@ -24877,12 +24877,12 @@ ], "tls": [ { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519+ed25519", "group": "X25519", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -24890,21 +24890,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "baseline", "is_baseline_pair": true, - "handshakes_per_sec": 767.0, - "median_ns": 1303818.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 790788.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 774.5, + "median_ns": 1291140.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 791503.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 1518, "client_hello_bytes": 226, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -24912,21 +24912,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 608.5, - "median_ns": 1643453.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 889898.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 612.3, + "median_ns": 1633072.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 890744.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 3782, "client_hello_bytes": 1402, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -24934,8 +24934,8 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 597.4, - "median_ns": 1673879.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 598.2, + "median_ns": 1671655.5, "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": null, "primitive_sum_complete": false, "bytes_total": 3848, @@ -24943,12 +24943,12 @@ "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -24956,21 +24956,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 950.3, - "median_ns": 1052267.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 409459.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 936.9, + "median_ns": 1067363.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 409906.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 3014, "client_hello_bytes": 986, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -24978,21 +24978,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 858.1, - "median_ns": 1165324.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 445978.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 869.5, + "median_ns": 1150057.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 446444.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 3718, "client_hello_bytes": 1370, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -25000,21 +25000,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 781.6, - "median_ns": 1279363.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 494330.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 788.1, + "median_ns": 1268899.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 494333.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 4582, "client_hello_bytes": 1754, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -25022,21 +25022,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 378.5, - "median_ns": 2642264.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1179189.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 378.4, + "median_ns": 2642759.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1179908.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9800, "client_hello_bytes": 1402, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -25044,21 +25044,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 281.9, - "median_ns": 3546908.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1595998.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 282.2, + "median_ns": 3544197.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1596637.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 12218, "client_hello_bytes": 1402, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -25066,21 +25066,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 238.5, - "median_ns": 4192695.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1988086.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 236.6, + "median_ns": 4226656.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1987941.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 15494, "client_hello_bytes": 1402, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -25088,21 +25088,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 483.8, - "median_ns": 2067087.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 698750.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 484.7, + "median_ns": 2062958.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 699070.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9032, "client_hello_bytes": 986, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -25110,21 +25110,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 335.1, - "median_ns": 2984361.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1115559.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 335.9, + "median_ns": 2976961.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1115799.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 11450, "client_hello_bytes": 986, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -25132,21 +25132,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 272.4, - "median_ns": 3670436.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1507647.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 276.5, + "median_ns": 3616151.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1507103.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 14726, "client_hello_bytes": 986, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -25154,21 +25154,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 459.6, - "median_ns": 2175931.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 735269.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 462.5, + "median_ns": 2162263.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 735608.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9736, "client_hello_bytes": 1370, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -25176,21 +25176,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 325.7, - "median_ns": 3070000.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1152078.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 326.3, + "median_ns": 3065108.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1152337.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 12154, "client_hello_bytes": 1370, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -25198,21 +25198,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 269.4, - "median_ns": 3711638.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1544166.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 269.5, + "median_ns": 3711085.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1543641.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 15430, "client_hello_bytes": 1370, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -25220,21 +25220,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 427.0, - "median_ns": 2341932.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 783621.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 438.0, + "median_ns": 2283179.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 783497.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 10600, "client_hello_bytes": 1754, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -25242,21 +25242,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 312.2, - "median_ns": 3202908.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1200430.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 313.8, + "median_ns": 3186802.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1200226.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 13018, "client_hello_bytes": 1754, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -25264,21 +25264,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 257.4, - "median_ns": 3885158.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1592518.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 259.3, + "median_ns": 3856140.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1591530.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 16294, "client_hello_bytes": 1754, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa44", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "mldsa44", @@ -25286,21 +25286,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 373.8, - "median_ns": 2675195.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1179189.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 372.1, + "median_ns": 2687342.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1179908.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9874, "client_hello_bytes": 1478, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa65", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "mldsa65", @@ -25308,21 +25308,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 279.6, - "median_ns": 3576152.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1595998.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 279.8, + "median_ns": 3573651.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1596637.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 12292, "client_hello_bytes": 1478, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa87", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "mldsa87", @@ -25330,21 +25330,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 236.7, - "median_ns": 4225179.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1988086.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 233.5, + "median_ns": 4283415.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1987941.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 15568, "client_hello_bytes": 1478, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+falcon512", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "falcon512", @@ -25352,21 +25352,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 305.2, - "median_ns": 3276453.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 934600.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 313.7, + "median_ns": 3187293.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 935150.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, - "bytes_total": 5917, + "bytes_total": 5927, "client_hello_bytes": 1478, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", @@ -25375,20 +25375,20 @@ "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, "handshakes_per_sec": 22.9, - "median_ns": 43611561.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 40716418.5, + "median_ns": 43747185.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 41310015.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 37975, "client_hello_bytes": 1478, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa44", "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "mldsa44", @@ -25396,8 +25396,8 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 368.4, - "median_ns": 2714606.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 367.2, + "median_ns": 2723157.0, "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": null, "primitive_sum_complete": false, "bytes_total": 9940, @@ -25405,12 +25405,12 @@ "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa65", "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "mldsa65", @@ -25418,8 +25418,8 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 276.2, - "median_ns": 3620357.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 276.4, + "median_ns": 3617456.5, "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": null, "primitive_sum_complete": false, "bytes_total": 12358, @@ -25427,12 +25427,12 @@ "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa87", "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "mldsa87", @@ -25440,8 +25440,8 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 232.6, - "median_ns": 4298512.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 234.9, + "median_ns": 4257100.0, "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": null, "primitive_sum_complete": false, "bytes_total": 15634, @@ -25449,12 +25449,12 @@ "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+falcon512", "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "falcon512", @@ -25462,21 +25462,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 309.2, - "median_ns": 3234500.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 311.5, + "median_ns": 3210357.0, "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": null, "primitive_sum_complete": false, - "bytes_total": 5987, + "bytes_total": 5994, "client_hello_bytes": 1511, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", @@ -25484,8 +25484,8 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 22.8, - "median_ns": 43885456.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.7, + "median_ns": 44043152.5, "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": null, "primitive_sum_complete": false, "bytes_total": 38041, @@ -25493,12 +25493,12 @@ "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem512+mldsa44", "group": "mlkem512", "sig_alg": "mldsa44", @@ -25506,21 +25506,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 473.7, - "median_ns": 2110835.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 698750.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 477.8, + "median_ns": 2092994.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 699070.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9106, "client_hello_bytes": 1062, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem512+mldsa65", "group": "mlkem512", "sig_alg": "mldsa65", @@ -25528,21 +25528,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 332.0, - "median_ns": 3011686.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1115559.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 333.7, + "median_ns": 2996756.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1115799.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 11524, "client_hello_bytes": 1062, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem512+mldsa87", "group": "mlkem512", "sig_alg": "mldsa87", @@ -25550,21 +25550,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 274.3, - "median_ns": 3645719.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1507647.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 273.4, + "median_ns": 3657038.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1507103.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 14800, "client_hello_bytes": 1062, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem512+falcon512", "group": "mlkem512", "sig_alg": "falcon512", @@ -25572,21 +25572,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 384.6, - "median_ns": 2600357.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 454161.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 387.4, + "median_ns": 2581370.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 454312.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, - "bytes_total": 5148, + "bytes_total": 5153, "client_hello_bytes": 1062, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem512+sphincssha2128fsimple", "group": "mlkem512", "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", @@ -25594,21 +25594,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 23.4, - "median_ns": 42759218.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 40235979.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.7, + "median_ns": 43973196.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 40829177.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 37207, "client_hello_bytes": 1062, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem768+mldsa44", "group": "mlkem768", "sig_alg": "mldsa44", @@ -25616,21 +25616,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 456.2, - "median_ns": 2191795.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 735269.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 456.6, + "median_ns": 2190132.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 735608.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9810, "client_hello_bytes": 1446, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem768+mldsa65", "group": "mlkem768", "sig_alg": "mldsa65", @@ -25638,21 +25638,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 322.1, - "median_ns": 3104199.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1152078.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 317.4, + "median_ns": 3150190.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1152337.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 12228, "client_hello_bytes": 1446, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem768+mldsa87", "group": "mlkem768", "sig_alg": "mldsa87", @@ -25660,21 +25660,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 263.3, - "median_ns": 3797871.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1544166.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 266.3, + "median_ns": 3755676.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1543641.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 15504, "client_hello_bytes": 1446, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", "group": "mlkem768", "sig_alg": "falcon512", @@ -25682,21 +25682,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 372.3, - "median_ns": 2686224.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 490680.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 372.2, + "median_ns": 2686768.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 490850.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, - "bytes_total": 5855, + "bytes_total": 5863, "client_hello_bytes": 1446, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", "group": "mlkem768", "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", @@ -25704,21 +25704,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 22.7, - "median_ns": 44022291.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 40272498.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 23.3, + "median_ns": 42888498.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 40865715.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 37911, "client_hello_bytes": 1446, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa44", "group": "mlkem1024", "sig_alg": "mldsa44", @@ -25726,21 +25726,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 425.2, - "median_ns": 2351875.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 783621.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 431.3, + "median_ns": 2318612.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 783497.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 10674, "client_hello_bytes": 1830, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa65", "group": "mlkem1024", "sig_alg": "mldsa65", @@ -25748,21 +25748,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 310.8, - "median_ns": 3217778.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1200430.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 311.3, + "median_ns": 3212338.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1200226.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 13092, "client_hello_bytes": 1830, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa87", "group": "mlkem1024", "sig_alg": "mldsa87", @@ -25770,21 +25770,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 258.2, - "median_ns": 3872680.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1592518.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 259.1, + "median_ns": 3859898.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 1591530.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 16368, "client_hello_bytes": 1830, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", "group": "mlkem1024", "sig_alg": "falcon512", @@ -25792,21 +25792,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 354.5, - "median_ns": 2820479.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 539032.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 356.9, + "median_ns": 2801933.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 538739.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, - "bytes_total": 6718, + "bytes_total": 6722, "client_hello_bytes": 1830, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", "group": "mlkem1024", "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", @@ -25814,21 +25814,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 23.0, - "median_ns": 43513600.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 40320850.5, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.8, + "median_ns": 43768840.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 40913604.5, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 38775, "client_hello_bytes": 1830, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519+ed25519", "group": "X25519", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -25836,21 +25836,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "baseline", "is_baseline_pair": true, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1861.1, - "median_ns": 537318.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 386527.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1864.1, + "median_ns": 536459.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 386404.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 1136, "client_hello_bytes": 232, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -25858,21 +25858,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1521.4, - "median_ns": 657290.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 483732.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1512.2, + "median_ns": 661273.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 487570.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 3408, "client_hello_bytes": 1416, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -25880,21 +25880,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1250.5, - "median_ns": 799652.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 614140.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1253.4, + "median_ns": 797846.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 617978.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 3474, "client_hello_bytes": 1449, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -25902,21 +25902,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1928.5, - "median_ns": 518530.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 347802.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1934.3, + "median_ns": 516978.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 351646.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 3344, "client_hello_bytes": 1384, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -25924,21 +25924,21 @@ "unstable_features": false, "phase": "phase0", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1750.7, - "median_ns": 571216.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 396044.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1751.2, + "median_ns": 571032.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 395997.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 4208, "client_hello_bytes": 1768, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -25946,21 +25946,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1330.1, - "median_ns": 751800.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 526456.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1333.3, + "median_ns": 750003.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 527681.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9426, "client_hello_bytes": 1416, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -25968,21 +25968,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1060.6, - "median_ns": 942846.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 715534.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1042.7, + "median_ns": 959030.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 716642.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 11844, "client_hello_bytes": 1416, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -25990,21 +25990,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 803.3, - "median_ns": 1244940.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 969758.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 805.3, + "median_ns": 1241843.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 975733.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 15120, "client_hello_bytes": 1416, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -26012,21 +26012,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1637.5, - "median_ns": 610678.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 390526.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1624.4, + "median_ns": 615597.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 391757.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 9362, "client_hello_bytes": 1384, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -26034,21 +26034,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1231.6, - "median_ns": 811920.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 579604.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1239.3, + "median_ns": 806901.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 580718.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 11780, "client_hello_bytes": 1384, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", "group": "MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -26056,21 +26056,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 908.3, - "median_ns": 1100931.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 833828.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 906.8, + "median_ns": 1102816.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 839809.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 15056, "client_hello_bytes": 1384, "client_hello_fragmented": false }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -26078,21 +26078,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1508.7, - "median_ns": 662827.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 438768.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1512.3, + "median_ns": 661254.5, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 436108.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 10226, "client_hello_bytes": 1768, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -26100,21 +26100,21 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 1147.7, - "median_ns": 871281.5, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 627846.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1154.2, + "median_ns": 866401.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 625069.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 12644, "client_hello_bytes": 1768, "client_hello_fragmented": true }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", "group": "MLKEM1024", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -26122,9 +26122,9 @@ "unstable_features": true, "phase": "phase2", "is_baseline_pair": false, - "handshakes_per_sec": 867.1, - "median_ns": 1153218.0, - "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 882070.0, + "handshakes_per_sec": 868.6, + "median_ns": 1151251.0, + "primitive_sum_of_medians_ns": 884160.0, "primitive_sum_complete": true, "bytes_total": 15920, "client_hello_bytes": 1768, @@ -29675,23 +29675,23 @@ ], "kem_absent": [ { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "X25519MLKEM768", "implementation": "liboqs", "reason": "not enabled in this liboqs build" }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "alg": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", "implementation": "liboqs", "reason": "not enabled in this liboqs build" @@ -29766,12 +29766,12 @@ "sig_absent": [], "tls_absent": [ { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ed25519", @@ -29781,12 +29781,12 @@ "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", @@ -29796,12 +29796,12 @@ "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", @@ -29811,12 +29811,12 @@ "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", "group": "MLKEM512", "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", @@ -29826,12 +29826,12 @@ "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" }, { - "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-20T15:01:15Z", + "run_id": "rasberrypi5/Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1@2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", "hostname": "rasberrypi5", "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", "is_rpi": true, "is_baseline_grade": true, - "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json", + "source_file": "rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json", "label": "X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", "group": "X25519MLKEM768", "sig_alg": "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8306b41 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json @@ -0,0 +1,21260 @@ +{ + "schema_version": "2.0.0", + "tool_version": "0.2.0", + "generated_utc": "2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", + "is_baseline_grade": true, + "baseline_grade_reasons": [], + "host": { + "hostname": "rasberrypi5", + "os": "linux", + "os_pretty": "Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)", + "arch": "aarch64", + "kernel": "6.18.34+rpt-rpi-2712", + "is_rpi": true, + "rpi_model": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", + "cpu_brand": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1", + "ncpu": 4, + "ram_bytes": 8454029312 + }, + "cpu_features": { + "source": "/proc/cpuinfo (Features)", + "neon": true, + "sha2": true, + "sha3": false, + "sha512": false, + "aes": true, + "pmull": true + }, + "run": { + "timestamp_start_utc": "2026-07-30T21:21:45Z", + "timestamp_end_utc": "2026-07-30T21:49:57Z", + "duration_s": 1692, + "governor_requested": "performance", + "governor_before": "performance", + "governor_after": "performance", + "bench_core": 3, + "pinned": true, + "taskset_cmd": "taskset -c 3", + "calibration_mode": "auto", + "target_time_ms": 250, + "min_samples": 30, + "max_iters": 20000, + "warmup_iters": null, + "timed_iters": null, + "repetitions": 5, + "cycles_mode": "auto", + "cycles_available": false, + "cycles_reason": "PMCCNTR_EL0 traps (kernel module not loaded; needs e.g. enable_arm_pmu)" + }, + "toolchain": { + "cc_version": "cc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0", + "bench_cflags": "-O3 -mcpu=cortex-a76", + "cflags_target": "cortex-a76", + "liboqs_ref": "0.15.0", + "liboqs_commit": "97f6b86b1b6d109cfd43cf276ae39c2e776aed80", + "liboqs_opt_defines": "OQS_COMPILE_BUILD_TARGET aarch64-Linux-6.18.34+rpt-rpi-2712;ARCH_ARM64v8 1;OQS_OPT_TARGET auto;OQS_USE_ARM_AES_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_SHA2_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_USE_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_kyber_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_1024_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_512_aarch64 1;OQS_ENABLE_SIG_falcon_padded_1024_aarch64 1;", + "openssl": "system:3.5.6", + "oqsprovider_ref": "0.9.0", + "oqsprovider_commit": "848b4e6abaa89e769c4db46ca78f91000f67ca52", + "rust": 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expansion amortised (long-lived-peer/validator pattern); the difference is the pk parse/expansion cost", + "code_path_note": "arithmetic kernels of ml-kem/ml-dsa/slh-dsa are portable Rust with no hand-written assembly and no explicit SIMD intrinsics (compiler autovectorisation only, per RUSTFLAGS/target-cpu above) - unlike liboqs, which has dedicated aarch64 asm for ML-KEM (mlkem-native); hashing uses the RustCrypto sha2 0.11 / keccak 0.2 crates, BOTH of which dispatch to aarch64 hardware hash instructions via cpufeatures runtime detection (SHA-2 everywhere it exists; ARMv8.2 SHA3/Keccak where the CPU has it, e.g. Apple M-series but NOT Cortex-A76) - symmetric with liboqs' hardware-hashing behaviour on both targets" + }, + "rust_tls": { + "available": true, + "rustc_version": "rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)", + "target": "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu", + "profile": "release", + "opt_level": "3", + "codegen_units": 1, + "lto": false, + "rustflags": "-C target-cpu=cortex-a76", + 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handshakes, NOT an independent implementation" + }, + "symmetric": [ + { + "primitive": "internal", + "source": "AWS-LC internal", + "hw_instructions": null, + "determined_by": "not separately characterised" + } + ], + "determined_by": "source-inspection" + } + } + ], + "tls": { + "available": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "baseline": { + "kem_group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "label": "X25519+ed25519" + }, + "matrix": [ + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1291140.0, + "p95": 1302498.9, + "min": 1283954.0, + "max": 1743618.0, + "mean": 1297169.3, + "stddev": 36835.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 774.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 306, + "server_to_client": 1212, + "total": 1518 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 226, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 791503.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57611.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57611.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1633072.5, + "p95": 1645090.2, + "min": 1625304.0, + "max": 2175966.0, + "mean": 1637620.1, + "stddev": 31314.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 612.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 2300, + "total": 3782 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 890744.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57611.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57611.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1671655.5, + "p95": 1683417.8, + "min": 1659693.0, + "max": 2371909.0, + "mean": 1678414.9, + "stddev": 49209.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 598.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1515, + "server_to_client": 2333, + "total": 3848 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1435, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57611.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57611.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1067363.0, + "p95": 1077974.9, + "min": 1060511.0, + "max": 1569137.0, + "mean": 1071700.6, + "stddev": 29982.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 936.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 1948, + "total": 3014 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 409906.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57611.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57611.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1150057.0, + "p95": 1160288.9, + "min": 1144382.0, + "max": 1682304.0, + "mean": 1154650.5, + "stddev": 30547.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 869.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 2268, + "total": 3718 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 446444.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57611.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57611.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1268899.0, + "p95": 1279926.2, + "min": 1261250.0, + "max": 1774025.0, + "mean": 1274824.0, + "stddev": 38509.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 788.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 2748, + "total": 4582 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 494333.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 57611.0, + "subtotal_ns": 57611.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 144796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 289592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2642759.5, + "p95": 4326434.0, + "min": 2213559.0, + "max": 7437967.0, + "mean": 2871209.4, + "stddev": 749325.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 378.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 8318, + "total": 9800 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1179908.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3544197.5, + "p95": 6755980.5, + "min": 2659556.0, + "max": 11739938.0, + "mean": 3931384.7, + "stddev": 1392976.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 282.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 10736, + "total": 12218 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1596637.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 4226656.0, + "p95": 7978326.7, + "min": 3378273.0, + "max": 15502801.0, + "mean": 4718011.8, + "stddev": 1528451.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 236.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1482, + "server_to_client": 14012, + "total": 15494 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1402, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1987941.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2062958.0, + "p95": 3938531.8, + "min": 1634230.0, + "max": 7320098.0, + "mean": 2347897.3, + "stddev": 781203.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 484.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 7966, + "total": 9032 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 699070.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2976961.5, + "p95": 6191028.3, + "min": 2098153.0, + "max": 12333101.0, + "mean": 3333842.1, + "stddev": 1387538.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 335.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 10384, + "total": 11450 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1115799.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3616151.5, + "p95": 6799857.8, + "min": 2771536.0, + "max": 11185553.0, + "mean": 3976751.6, + "stddev": 1368053.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 276.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1066, + "server_to_client": 13660, + "total": 14726 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 986, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1507103.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2162263.0, + "p95": 4039417.9, + "min": 1733822.0, + "max": 7383635.0, + "mean": 2432226.2, + "stddev": 816359.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 462.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 8286, + "total": 9736 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 735608.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3065108.5, + "p95": 6278373.5, + "min": 2183763.0, + "max": 10079542.0, + "mean": 3402988.3, + "stddev": 1304235.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 326.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 10704, + "total": 12154 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1152337.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3711085.5, + "p95": 7057619.0, + "min": 2863906.0, + "max": 13313279.0, + "mean": 4100466.5, + "stddev": 1412421.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 269.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1450, + "server_to_client": 13980, + "total": 15430 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1370, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1543641.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2283179.0, + "p95": 4160141.8, + "min": 1853154.0, + "max": 7074099.0, + "mean": 2574314.9, + "stddev": 795902.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 438.0, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 8766, + "total": 10600 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 783497.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3186802.0, + "p95": 6137249.4, + "min": 2303429.0, + "max": 13405408.0, + "mean": 3533240.3, + "stddev": 1359732.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 313.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 11184, + "total": 13018 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1200226.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "openssl-native", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3856140.0, + "p95": 6798758.7, + "min": 3010794.0, + "max": 12226712.0, + "mean": 4198493.1, + "stddev": 1387473.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 259.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1834, + "server_to_client": 14460, + "total": 16294 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1754, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1591530.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2687342.5, + "p95": 4561271.5, + "min": 2255818.0, + "max": 6866193.0, + "mean": 2953080.4, + "stddev": 758674.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 372.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 8316, + "total": 9874 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1179908.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3573651.5, + "p95": 6496535.5, + "min": 2690315.0, + "max": 12929522.0, + "mean": 3867926.2, + "stddev": 1284951.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 279.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 10734, + "total": 12292 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1596637.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 4283415.0, + "p95": 7626765.3, + "min": 3435013.0, + "max": 13463259.0, + "mean": 4716561.7, + "stddev": 1476915.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 233.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 14010, + "total": 15568 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1987941.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3187293.0, + "p95": 3212978.5, + "min": 3164311.0, + "max": 4142989.0, + "mean": 3197576.7, + "stddev": 79599.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 313.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 4369, + "total": 5927 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 935150.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290017.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290017.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43747185.5, + "p95": 44201788.5, + "min": 43251292.0, + "max": 46816768.0, + "mean": 43780178.4, + "stddev": 246995.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1558, + "server_to_client": 36417, + "total": 37975 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1478, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 41310015.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 56686.0, + "subtotal_ns": 113372.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "openssl", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 165464.0, + "subtotal_ns": 330928.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 36526092.5, + "subtotal_ns": 36526092.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2120191.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4240382.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa44", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2723157.0, + "p95": 4606784.2, + "min": 2285966.0, + "max": 8357979.0, + "mean": 3017621.3, + "stddev": 800310.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 367.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 8349, + "total": 9940 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa65", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3617456.5, + "p95": 6831121.8, + "min": 2731406.0, + "max": 12677059.0, + "mean": 3983846.6, + "stddev": 1419010.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 276.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 10767, + "total": 12358 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+mldsa87", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 4257100.0, + "p95": 7187556.8, + "min": 3412031.0, + "max": 13055205.0, + "mean": 4600610.9, + "stddev": 1392908.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 234.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 14043, + "total": 15634 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+falcon512", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3210357.0, + "p95": 3240790.6, + "min": 3184534.0, + "max": 4381969.0, + "mean": 3221696.9, + "stddev": 86564.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 311.5, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 4403, + "total": 5994 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290017.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290017.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 44043152.5, + "p95": 44512976.5, + "min": 43540897.0, + "max": 46711320.0, + "mean": 44079293.7, + "stddev": 257932.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1591, + "server_to_client": 36450, + "total": 38041 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1511, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": null, + "complete": false, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 36526092.5, + "subtotal_ns": 36526092.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2120191.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4240382.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [ + "KEM primitive matching 'secp256r1' not measured from the liboqs/openssl implementation in this run" + ], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2092994.5, + "p95": 3809937.9, + "min": 1665896.0, + "max": 7842278.0, + "mean": 2348899.9, + "stddev": 769453.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 477.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 7964, + "total": 9106 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 699070.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2996756.0, + "p95": 6225777.6, + "min": 2117299.0, + "max": 11472252.0, + "mean": 3389593.9, + "stddev": 1402973.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 333.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 10382, + "total": 11524 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1115799.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3657038.5, + "p95": 6601991.7, + "min": 2812091.0, + "max": 16161293.0, + "mean": 4015808.8, + "stddev": 1416778.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 273.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 13658, + "total": 14800 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1507103.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2581370.5, + "p95": 2608633.2, + "min": 2557056.0, + "max": 3549567.0, + "mean": 2591364.6, + "stddev": 80699.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 387.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 4011, + "total": 5153 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 454312.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290017.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290017.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem512+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem512", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43973196.5, + "p95": 44403373.6, + "min": 43514116.0, + "max": 46716705.0, + "mean": 44008575.1, + "stddev": 236085.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1142, + "server_to_client": 36065, + "total": 37207 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1062, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 40829177.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 18203.0, + "subtotal_ns": 18203.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 20537.0, + "subtotal_ns": 20537.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 23963.0, + "subtotal_ns": 23963.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 36526092.5, + "subtotal_ns": 36526092.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2120191.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4240382.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2190132.5, + "p95": 4067842.4, + "min": 1762172.0, + "max": 6986654.0, + "mean": 2457990.3, + "stddev": 771181.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 456.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 8284, + "total": 9810 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 735608.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3150190.5, + "p95": 6366251.0, + "min": 2263057.0, + "max": 11324956.0, + "mean": 3559120.7, + "stddev": 1413137.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 317.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 10702, + "total": 12228 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1152337.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3755676.5, + "p95": 6723186.8, + "min": 2908368.0, + "max": 13822346.0, + "mean": 4133668.7, + "stddev": 1353324.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 266.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 13978, + "total": 15504 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1543641.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2686768.5, + "p95": 2722156.4, + "min": 2658092.0, + "max": 3830140.0, + "mean": 2699611.0, + "stddev": 87099.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 372.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 4337, + "total": 5863 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 490850.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290017.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290017.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem768+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem768", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 42888498.5, + "p95": 43327551.8, + "min": 42419861.0, + "max": 46229576.0, + "mean": 42924984.9, + "stddev": 249524.2 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 23.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1526, + "server_to_client": 36385, + "total": 37911 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1446, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 40865715.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 29889.0, + "subtotal_ns": 29889.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 31945.0, + "subtotal_ns": 31945.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 37407.0, + "subtotal_ns": 37407.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 36526092.5, + "subtotal_ns": 36526092.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2120191.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4240382.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa44", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2318612.5, + "p95": 4190252.2, + "min": 1884820.0, + "max": 7954091.0, + "mean": 2633992.5, + "stddev": 826031.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 431.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 8764, + "total": 10674 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 783497.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 397739.0, + "subtotal_ns": 397739.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 119314.0, + "subtotal_ns": 238628.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa65", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3212338.0, + "p95": 6426245.9, + "min": 2330447.0, + "max": 12863796.0, + "mean": 3511203.2, + "stddev": 1334231.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 311.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 11182, + "total": 13092 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1200226.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 674172.5, + "subtotal_ns": 674172.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 189462.0, + "subtotal_ns": 378924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+mldsa87", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "mldsa87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 3859898.5, + "p95": 7215199.6, + "min": 3014719.0, + "max": 13495180.0, + "mean": 4277507.1, + "stddev": 1455274.5 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 259.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 14458, + "total": 16368 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 1591530.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 833810.0, + "subtotal_ns": 833810.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 305295.0, + "subtotal_ns": 610590.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+falcon512", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "falcon512", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 2801933.5, + "p95": 2831129.0, + "min": 2777758.0, + "max": 3769713.0, + "mean": 2813167.6, + "stddev": 80030.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 356.9, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 4812, + "total": 6722 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 538739.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 290017.0, + "subtotal_ns": 290017.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Falcon-512", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 50796.0, + "subtotal_ns": 101592.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "mlkem1024+sphincssha2128fsimple", + "group": "mlkem1024", + "sig_alg": "sphincssha2128fsimple", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "oqs-provider", + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": true, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 43768840.5, + "p95": 44819594.5, + "min": 43279205.0, + "max": 47097548.0, + "mean": 43876936.3, + "stddev": 412609.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 22.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1910, + "server_to_client": 36865, + "total": 38775 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1830, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 40913604.5, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 44093.0, + "subtotal_ns": 44093.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 55389.0, + "subtotal_ns": 55389.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 36526092.5, + "subtotal_ns": 36526092.5, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "SPHINCS+-SHA2-128f-simple", + "implementation": "liboqs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 2120191.0, + "subtotal_ns": 4240382.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519+ed25519", + "group": "X25519", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "baseline", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 536459.5, + "p95": 543664.8, + "min": 535163.0, + "max": 695292.0, + "mean": 538853.1, + "stddev": 11557.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1864.1, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 312, + "server_to_client": 824, + "total": 1136 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 232, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 386404.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21111.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42222.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93702.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22518.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22518.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 113981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 227962.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 661273.0, + "p95": 668775.8, + "min": 659439.0, + "max": 691569.0, + "mean": 662776.1, + "stddev": 3704.9 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1512.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 1912, + "total": 3408 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 487570.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21111.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42222.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93702.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22518.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22518.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 113981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 227962.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "SecP256r1MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "SecP256r1MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 797846.0, + "p95": 805405.7, + "min": 795087.0, + "max": 895624.0, + "mean": 799476.8, + "stddev": 5028.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1253.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1529, + "server_to_client": 1945, + "total": 3474 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1449, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 617978.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 26908.0, + "subtotal_ns": 53816.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "secp256r1", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 106258.0, + "subtotal_ns": 212516.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22518.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22518.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 113981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 227962.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 516978.0, + "p95": 524979.8, + "min": 515274.0, + "max": 706902.0, + "mean": 519605.6, + "stddev": 12441.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1934.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 1880, + "total": 3344 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 351646.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22518.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22518.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 113981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 227962.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ed25519", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ed25519", + "phase": "phase0", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 571032.5, + "p95": 579913.7, + "min": 569089.0, + "max": 750346.0, + "mean": 573783.1, + "stddev": 12331.6 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1751.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 2360, + "total": 4208 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 395997.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 43018.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43018.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54851.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 22518.0, + "subtotal_ns": 22518.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "Ed25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 113981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 227962.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 750003.5, + "p95": 1032728.9, + "min": 684365.0, + "max": 1475823.0, + "mean": 791045.3, + "stddev": 116916.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1333.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 7930, + "total": 9426 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 527681.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21111.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42222.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93702.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 155221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 155221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67685.0, + "subtotal_ns": 135370.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 959030.0, + "p95": 1380969.8, + "min": 846253.0, + "max": 2220780.0, + "mean": 1014630.8, + "stddev": 182202.8 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1042.7, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 10348, + "total": 11844 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 716642.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21111.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42222.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93702.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 253628.0, + "subtotal_ns": 253628.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 112962.0, + "subtotal_ns": 225924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1241843.0, + "p95": 1701506.6, + "min": 1132399.0, + "max": 2211040.0, + "mean": 1300886.8, + "stddev": 188132.4 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 805.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1496, + "server_to_client": 13624, + "total": 15120 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1416, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 975733.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 21111.0, + "subtotal_ns": 42222.0, + "role": "client + server ECDH keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "X25519", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "derive", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 46851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 93702.0, + "role": "shared-secret derivation on both sides" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 350757.0, + "subtotal_ns": 350757.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 193943.0, + "subtotal_ns": 387886.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM512+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM512", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "kex group not supported by rustls 0.23 / aws-lc-rs" + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 615597.5, + "p95": 861284.2, + "min": 542515.0, + "max": 1778043.0, + "mean": 647628.9, + "stddev": 118515.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1624.4, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 7898, + "total": 9362 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 391757.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 155221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 155221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67685.0, + "subtotal_ns": 135370.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 806901.5, + "p95": 1198133.1, + "min": 705329.0, + "max": 1907338.0, + "mean": 860083.0, + "stddev": 169286.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1239.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 10316, + "total": 11780 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 580718.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 253628.0, + "subtotal_ns": 253628.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 112962.0, + "subtotal_ns": 225924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM768+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1102816.0, + "p95": 1504407.2, + "min": 990548.0, + "max": 2084874.0, + "mean": 1153121.8, + "stddev": 174996.3 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 906.8, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1464, + "server_to_client": 13592, + "total": 15056 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1384, + "client_hello_fragmented": false, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 839809.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 28463.0, + "subtotal_ns": 28463.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 33722.0, + "subtotal_ns": 33722.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-768", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 38981.0, + "subtotal_ns": 38981.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 350757.0, + "subtotal_ns": 350757.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 193943.0, + "subtotal_ns": 387886.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-44", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 661254.5, + "p95": 908650.3, + "min": 596607.0, + "max": 1335028.0, + "mean": 695619.2, + "stddev": 107666.1 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1512.3, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 8378, + "total": 10226 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 436108.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 43018.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43018.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54851.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 155221.0, + "subtotal_ns": 155221.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-44", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 67685.0, + "subtotal_ns": 135370.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-65", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 866401.0, + "p95": 1262011.9, + "min": 759087.0, + "max": 2217150.0, + "mean": 916436.8, + "stddev": 175749.7 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 1154.2, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 10796, + "total": 12644 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 625069.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 43018.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43018.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54851.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 253628.0, + "subtotal_ns": 253628.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-65", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 112962.0, + "subtotal_ns": 225924.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "MLKEM1024+ML-DSA-87", + "group": "MLKEM1024", + "sig_alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": true, + "enabled": true, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "connections": 1000, + "succeeded": 1000, + "handshake_latency_ns": { + "median": 1151251.0, + "p95": 1543202.4, + "min": 1043992.0, + "max": 2241854.0, + "mean": 1197965.3, + "stddev": 173166.0 + }, + "handshakes_per_sec": 868.6, + "bytes_on_wire": { + "client_to_server": 1848, + "server_to_client": 14072, + "total": 15920 + }, + "client_hello_bytes": 1768, + "client_hello_fragmented": true, + "mss_assumed": 1400, + "handshake_primitive_sum": { + "sum_of_medians_ns": 884160.0, + "complete": true, + "components": [ + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "keygen", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 43018.0, + "subtotal_ns": 43018.0, + "role": "client KEM keyshare generation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "encaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 47648.0, + "subtotal_ns": 47648.0, + "role": "server encapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "kem", + "alg": "ML-KEM-1024", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "decaps", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 54851.0, + "subtotal_ns": 54851.0, + "role": "client decapsulation" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "sign", + "count": 1, + "median_ns_each": 350757.0, + "subtotal_ns": 350757.0, + "role": "server CertificateVerify signature" + }, + { + "kind": "sig", + "alg": "ML-DSA-87", + "implementation": "aws-lc-rs", + "operation": "verify", + "count": 2, + "median_ns_each": 193943.0, + "subtotal_ns": 387886.0, + "role": "client verifies CertificateVerify + the CA signature over the server certificate" + } + ], + "missing": [], + "note": "sum over the primitive operations one TLS 1.3 handshake performs with this configuration, priced at the per-operation medians from this run's KEM/sig sweep. Derived, not measured (sum of per-operation medians; a derived figure (a sum of medians is not the median of a sum), not a measured latency); excludes KDF/record-layer/X.509-parsing and all protocol overhead \u2014 the gap to handshake_latency_ns.median is exactly that overhead. verify count 2 assumes the client checks the CertificateVerify and the CA signature on the leaf certificate (OpenSSL does not verify the trust anchor's self-signature by default)." + } + }, + { + "label": "X25519MLKEM768+SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "group": "X25519MLKEM768", + "sig_alg": "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f", + "phase": "phase2", + "implementation": "rustls-awslc", + "unstable_features": false, + "enabled": false, + "have_oqs_provider": false, + "reason": "SLH-DSA is absent from rustls/aws-lc-rs entirely; native OpenSSL cannot negotiate it either (TLS codepoints still draft) - across both production stacks SLH-DSA in TLS exists only in the experimental oqs-provider" + } + ] + } +} \ No newline at end of file From a407ae82fbf09c9901900564f70e0aa4c6ba6ddd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marcin Pawlowski Date: Thu, 6 Aug 2026 18:32:03 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/11] pqc: publish results into reports/pqc instead of the tool directory MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit A benchmark's output is a report, not part of the harness. Every run now writes its JSON to reports/pqc/results and figures to reports/pqc/figures, alongside a reports/pqc/README.md that records the published dataset, its provenance and the headline migration cost. One resolver decides the location — pqb_results_dir() in setup/lib_platform.sh, mirrored in merge.py and plot.py — so run.sh, the selftest, the container gate and the analysis scripts can never disagree about where results are. PQC_RESULTS_DIR / PQC_FIGURES_DIR override it, which is what a standalone copy on a measurement box needs; the Makefile exports both so `make RESULTS=… run` redirects every target at once, and `make where` prints what will actually be used. Consequences worth noting: * per-run scratch stays in the tool (.work-* moved out of the results directory): the report tree holds finished measurements only * the publish-by-whitelist rule moved with the data, to reports/pqc/results/.gitignore, so ad-hoc local runs still cannot drift into the published set by accident * `make test-fedora` mounts the results tree into the container read-only as a second volume — the hygiene checks need the published set and the schema-1.0.0 fixture * dashboard/data/merged.json deliberately stays in the tool: it is the dashboard's input, fetched by relative path, not a result * the repo-root .gitignore has a bare `lib/` rule that would have swallowed bench/lib/; the tool's .gitignore now negates it Verified on macOS/aarch64: `make test` 21/21 green, and `make merge` reproduces the committed merged.json byte-for-byte from the new location. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) (cherry picked from commit 788bd720467fd126a4c9b9f36e13b75a8431b727) --- reports/pqc/README.md | 92 +++++++++++++++++++ reports/pqc/results/.gitignore | 34 +++++++ .../pqc/results/.gitkeep | 0 .../pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json | 0 .../pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json | 0 .../pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json | 0 .../results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json | 0 .../results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json | 0 .../results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json | 0 .../results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json | 0 .../results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json | 0 .../results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json | 0 .../results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json | 0 .../results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json | 0 .../results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json | 0 tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore | 60 ++---------- tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile | 26 +++++- tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md | 66 +++++++------ tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py | 20 ++-- tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py | 13 ++- .../benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt | 9 +- tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py | 2 +- tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh | 12 ++- tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh | 20 ++-- tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh | 23 ++++- tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh | 18 ++++ 26 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-) create mode 100644 reports/pqc/README.md create mode 100644 reports/pqc/results/.gitignore rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/.gitkeep (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json (100%) rename {tools/benchmarks => reports}/pqc/results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json (100%) diff --git a/reports/pqc/README.md b/reports/pqc/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42d2eac --- /dev/null +++ b/reports/pqc/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +# Post-quantum cryptography — migration-cost measurements + +*Benchmark: [`pqc`](../../tools/benchmarks/pqc). Reference platform: **Raspberry Pi 5** (Broadcom BCM2712, Cortex-A76, aarch64). All latencies are medians; TLS byte counts are on-the-wire handshake totals.* + +This directory holds the measurement record for the question *what does it cost +to move Logos from the cryptography it uses today — X25519 key exchange and +Ed25519 signatures — to post-quantum candidates?* Every run measures the +classical baseline alongside the PQ candidates on the same machine in the same +pass, so the PQ "tax" is a ratio measured under identical conditions rather than +a comparison across sources. + +Everything the benchmark produces lands here: + +| what | where | produced by | +|---|---|---| +| per-run results (one self-describing JSON per run) | [`results/`](results) | `make run` | +| exported figures | `figures/` | `make figures` | +| written analysis | this directory | by hand, from the above | + +The one deliberate exception is `dashboard/data/merged.json`, which stays in the +tool: it is not a result but the dashboard's input, fetched by a relative path so +the static dashboard stays deployable on its own. `make merge` regenerates it +from the runs in [`results/`](results). + +## Published dataset + +Four runs make up the current published set. Membership is explicit — a run is +published by listing it in +[`analyze/published_runs.txt`](../../tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt) +and un-ignoring it in [`results/.gitignore`](results/.gitignore) — so an ad-hoc +local run can never drift into the dataset by accident. + +| run | machine | OS | duration | baseline-grade | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| `rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z` | Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1 | Debian 13 (trixie) | 1692 s | **yes** — the reference run | +| `mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z` | Apple M3 | macOS 26.3.1 | 2172 s | no | +| `Mac-20260730T134951Z` | Apple M4 Pro | macOS 26.6 | 1212 s | no | +| `fedora-20260730T120637Z` | Intel Core Ultra 9 285HX | Fedora 44 | 394 s | no | + +Only the Pi 5 run is **baseline-grade**: measured on the reference platform with +the CPU governor at `performance`, pinned to an isolated core, with a thermal +trace showing no throttling. The other three are cross-platform datapoints — +useful for the shape of the results, not for the reference numbers. Each file +stamps its own `is_baseline_grade` flag and the reasons it failed the gate, so +the distinction survives outside this table. + +Earlier runs remain in [`results/`](results) as history. They are retired rather +than deleted: they predate the schema-2.0.0 measurement groups and the SLH-DSA +rename, and one of them +(`rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z`) is load-bearing as the schema-1.0.0 +compatibility fixture for `make test`. + +## Headline + +On the reference Pi 5, the honest summary is that **post-quantum is not so much +slower as bigger.** + +- **Hybrid key exchange (phase 0, hedging against harvest-now-decrypt-later) + costs ×1.26 in handshake latency and ×2.49 in handshake bytes** — + X25519 + Ed25519 at 1.291 ms / 1518 B versus X25519MLKEM768 + Ed25519 at + 1.633 ms / 3782 B, both on OpenSSL-native. The latency cost is modest; the + size cost is what pushes the handshake past a single packet. +- **The TLS stack matters more than the algorithm.** Across the 14 handshake + cells measured on both stacks, rustls + aws-lc-rs completes the same handshake + **2.1–3.8× faster** than OpenSSL-native — smallest on classical and + hybrid-KEM cells (×2.1–2.5), largest once ML-DSA signatures are in play + (×3.3–3.8). Choosing the implementation is worth more than any single + algorithm choice at this layer. + +The per-algorithm detail — KEM and signature primitives across liboqs, +RustCrypto and aws-lc-rs, and the full three-stack TLS phase matrix — is in the +result files and rendered by the tool's dashboard (`make dashboard`). + +## Reproducing + +From [`tools/benchmarks/pqc`](../../tools/benchmarks/pqc): + +```bash +make check # read-only environment check; prints what to install +make build # vendored liboqs + pinned OpenSSL + oqs-provider + Rust harnesses +make test # ~1-2 min verification gate before spending 30 min measuring +make run # the full benchmark; writes reports/pqc/results/-.json +make merge # fold the published set into the dashboard dataset +make figures # export PNGs into reports/pqc/figures +``` + +`make where` prints the exact results and figures directories the tool will use. +A reference-grade run needs the reference platform and its measurement +conditions — see +[the benchmark's README](../../tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md#is_baseline_grade) +for what `is_baseline_grade` requires and why a run that misses it is still +worth keeping. diff --git a/reports/pqc/results/.gitignore b/reports/pqc/results/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b7c7ba --- /dev/null +++ b/reports/pqc/results/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Results produced by tools/benchmarks/pqc (`make run` writes here). +# +# Local runs are the contributor's own business and are NOT committed by +# default: everything is ignored unless it is explicitly listed below. +# Publishing a run is therefore a deliberate two-line act — un-ignore it here, +# and add it to tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt, which is the +# manifest `make merge` reads. Ad-hoc runs sitting in this directory can never +# leak into the published dashboard dataset by accident. +# +# Full provenance for every file below: ../README.md and published_runs.txt. + +*.json + +# Tiny macOS smoke output shipped as a schema example, not measurement data. +!example-*.json + +# ---- current published set (schema 2.0.0) ---------------------------------- +# Baseline-grade RPi5 reference run (narrowed-sudo runner). +!rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json +# Cross-platform runs: Apple M3, Apple M4 Pro, Fedora 44 x86_64. +!mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json +!Mac-20260730T134951Z.json +!fedora-20260730T120637Z.json + +# ---- retired, kept as history ---------------------------------------------- +# rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z is additionally the schema-1.0.0 COMPATIBILITY +# FIXTURE for `make test` (hygiene check 5) — do not delete it when tidying. +!rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json +!rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json +!rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json +!rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json +!mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json +!mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json +!thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/.gitkeep b/reports/pqc/results/.gitkeep similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/.gitkeep rename to reports/pqc/results/.gitkeep diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json b/reports/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json rename to reports/pqc/results/example-macos-smoke.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json b/reports/pqc/results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json similarity index 100% rename from tools/benchmarks/pqc/results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json rename to reports/pqc/results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore index a0c6d6c..40e16b5 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/.gitignore @@ -11,31 +11,18 @@ bench/tls/bench_tls # Generated TLS material bench/tls/pki/ -# Per-run scratch dirs (intermediate artifacts; never committed) -results/.work-*/ +# Per-run scratch dirs (intermediate artifacts; never committed). Results +# themselves are NOT here — they land in reports/pqc/results/, which carries +# its own ignore rules for the published set. +/.work-*/ -# Local results are kept by users, not committed by default. -# Comment the next line out if you DO want to commit your machine's results. -results/*.json -!results/example-*.json -# Published baseline-grade RPi5 run (auto-calibrated full run) -!results/rasberrypi5-20260608T223040Z.json -# Baseline-grade RPi5 run adding the code-based + conservative-LWE KEMs -# (Classic McEliece + FrodoKEM); kept as its own file, baseline above untouched. -!results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json -# Mac (Apple M3) cross-platform run: apple-m3-optimized from-source liboqs, -# KEM/sig reps=5 (same auto-calibrate regime as the Pi). NOT baseline-grade -# (unpinned, no governor) by design; provenance self-stamped in the JSON. Kept -# as its own file for the tuned-vs-portable comparison; Pi baselines untouched. -!results/mehmetmac-20260624T140033Z.json -# Consolidated baseline-grade RPi5 run (KEM + sig + TLS in one pass); supersedes -# the two older split files (0614 KEM/sig + 0608 TLS) as the single Pi baseline. -!results/rasberrypi5-20260625T202356Z.json +# The repo-root .gitignore has a bare `lib/` rule (Python packaging boilerplate) +# that would otherwise swallow the harness's own bench/lib/ package. +!/bench/lib/ -# Merged dataset consumed by the dashboard. Tracked: ships the published RPi5 -# baseline so a fresh clone renders charts out-of-the-box. Contributors who -# re-merge overwrite it locally (modified file they can commit or discard). -analyze/png/ +# Rust harness build trees (Cargo.lock IS committed) +bench/rust/target/ +bench/rust-tls/target/ # Python venv (matplotlib lives here; system python stays clean) analyze/.venv/ @@ -47,30 +34,3 @@ analyze/.venv/ __pycache__/ *.pyc .DS_Store -# Consolidated Mac (Apple M3) run in the published Logos snapshot; cited by the -# companion document's provenance section (supersedes 20260624T140033Z, which -# was KEM/sig only — no TLS cells). -!results/mehmetmac-20260625T220618Z.json -# Community RPi5 run cited by the companion document (file to be added). -!results/thomas-pi-20260703T083302Z.json - -# Rust harness build tree (bench/rust — Cargo.lock IS committed) -bench/rust/target/ - -# rustls TLS harness build tree (bench/rust-tls — Cargo.lock IS committed) -bench/rust-tls/target/ -# Consolidated schema-2.0.0 Mac (Apple M3) run: all four measurement groups -# (liboqs, rustcrypto+dalek, aws-lc-rs pricing rows, three-stack TLS phase -# matrix), apple-m3 tuned build. Not yet in published_runs.txt — the published -# set flips wholesale once the Pi companion run exists. -!results/mehmetmac-20260719T224937Z.json -# Consolidated schema-2.0.0 RPi5 baseline run (whitelisted here so snapshot -# copies of this .gitignore don't silently exclude the published baseline; -# the file was originally force-added on the Pi). -!results/rasberrypi5-20260720T143239Z.json -!results/rasberrypi5-20260730T212145Z.json - -# Published 2026-07-30: Apple M4 Pro + Fedora 44 x86_64 cross-platform runs -# (see analyze/published_runs.txt for provenance) -!results/Mac-20260730T134951Z.json -!results/fedora-20260730T120637Z.json diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile index 0aba2fa..ac2e43e 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Makefile @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ # ============================================================================= -# pqc-bench — executable documentation. `make help` lists everything. +# pqc — post-quantum cryptography benchmark. Executable documentation: +# `make help` lists everything, and these targets are the ONLY supported way to +# check, build, test and run it on any platform (including a Raspberry Pi 5). # # Design rules (docs/history behind them: the cold-read round): # * `check` is READ-ONLY; `deps` is the only target that installs anything. @@ -7,16 +9,31 @@ # (an upgraded OpenSSL or deleted toolchain always triggers a rebuild). # * `smoke`/`run` depend on `build` only: `test`'s hygiene checks must never # block a 30-minute measurement. Run `make test` before trusting results. -# * All test artifacts live in /tmp — never results/ or bench/tls/pki/. +# * All test artifacts live in /tmp — never in the results tree or +# bench/tls/pki/. +# * Results are NOT kept next to the tool: every run writes its JSON to +# $(RESULTS) and figures to $(FIGURES), so measurements live with the rest +# of the reports. PQC_RESULTS_DIR / PQC_FIGURES_DIR override both. # ============================================================================= SHELL := /bin/bash .DEFAULT_GOAL := help -.PHONY: help check deps build test test-fedora smoke run merge dashboard clean distclean +RESULTS ?= $(abspath $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../../../reports/pqc/results) +FIGURES ?= $(abspath $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../../../reports/pqc/figures) +# Exported so run.sh, the selftest and the container gate all resolve the same +# directories — `make RESULTS=/somewhere run` redirects every target at once. +export PQC_RESULTS_DIR := $(RESULTS) +export PQC_FIGURES_DIR := $(FIGURES) + +.PHONY: help check deps build test test-fedora smoke run merge figures dashboard where clean distclean help: ## list targets @grep -E '^[a-z-]+:.*##' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | awk -F':.*## ' '{printf " make %-10s %s\n", $$1, $$2}' +where: ## print where this tool reads and writes results and figures + @echo "results: $(RESULTS)" + @echo "figures: $(FIGURES)" + check: ## verify the environment (read-only; prints per-platform install hints) @scripts/check-env.sh @@ -41,6 +58,9 @@ run: build ## full benchmark run (~30 min Pi / ~36 min M3); sudo handled per-pla merge: ## regenerate dashboard/data/merged.json from the published_runs manifest python3 analyze/merge.py +figures: ## export PNG figures from the merged dataset into reports/pqc/figures + python3 analyze/plot.py dashboard/data/merged.json + dashboard: ## serve the dashboard over HTTP (does NOT touch merged.json; see 'merge') @echo "serving http://localhost:8000 (Ctrl-C to stop)" @cd dashboard && python3 -m http.server 8000 diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md index 2536bef..3b60f5e 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ measured handshake latency is the protocol overhead. ## Project layout ``` -pqc-bench/ +tools/benchmarks/pqc/ setup/ build + pin liboqs, OpenSSL 3.5+, oqs-provider (versions.env / versions.lock) bench/kem_sig/ bench_pq.c primitive KEM/sig harness (liboqs + OpenSSL EVP baselines) bench/tls/ bench_tls.c in-process TLS 1.3 handshake harness (OpenSSL API; @@ -138,14 +138,25 @@ pqc-bench/ bench/rust/ pqb-rust pure-Rust (RustCrypto) primitive harness + dalek anchors bench/rust-tls/ pqb-rust-tls rustls + aws-lc-rs TLS harness + aws-lc-rs pricing rows bench/lib/ assemble.py / merge helpers / miniyaml.py (zero-dep YAML) - results/ results/-.json (one per run, full metadata) analyze/ merge.py (combine machines) + plot.py (matplotlib PNGs, optional venv) dashboard/ static HTML/JS (Chart.js) — no backend, GitHub-Pages deployable run.sh governor + taskset + thermal wrapper + orchestrator config.yaml candidate lists (extend here) Dockerfile reproducible Debian-aarch64 build + +reports/pqc/ + results/ -.json (one per run, full metadata) + figures/ exported PNGs (make figures) + README.md the measurement record: published dataset, provenance, headline ``` +**Results do not live next to the tool.** Every run writes its JSON to +`reports/pqc/results/` and figures to `reports/pqc/figures/`, so measurements sit +with the rest of the reports instead of inside the harness that produced them. +`make where` prints both paths; `PQC_RESULTS_DIR` / `PQC_FIGURES_DIR` (or +`make RESULTS=… run`) override them, which is what you want when running from a +standalone copy of this directory rather than a checkout of the research repo. + --- ## Quick start @@ -216,7 +227,7 @@ root for exactly one step — writing `performance` into the sysfs CPU-governor files — so on Linux they cache sudo credentials once up front (`sudo -v`) and only that step escalates (`sudo -n`); the measurement itself, including the cargo builds and all result files, runs as your user. (The old whole-run sudo -design left root-owned `results/.work-*` and `target/` artifacts behind and +design left root-owned `.work-*` and `target/` artifacts behind and needed a fragile `sudo env RUSTUP_HOME=…` workaround for cargo — all gone.) On macOS no escalation of any kind is used. `NOSUDO=1 make run` skips the sudo attempt and honestly records the governor demerit. `build`'s skip logic uses live checks (artifacts + `openssl version` @@ -523,15 +534,19 @@ anything your liboqs build doesn't enable (and says so). ## Output & analysis -- `results/-.json` — one self-describing file per run. -- `analyze/merge.py` — with **no arguments**, merges the **published set** - pinned in `analyze/published_runs.txt` into `dashboard/data/merged.json` - (explicit manifest, so ad-hoc dev runs in `results/` never leak into the - published dataset); pass explicit files/globs for an ad-hoc merge. Keeps - each run distinct; never mixes baseline with smoke. -- `analyze/plot.py` — matplotlib PNGs for papers (optional; install into - `analyze/.venv` via `analyze/requirements.txt` to keep system python clean — - it gracefully skips if matplotlib is absent). +- `reports/pqc/results/-.json` — one self-describing file + per run. `make where` prints the directory. +- `analyze/merge.py` (`make merge`) — with **no arguments**, merges the + **published set** pinned in `analyze/published_runs.txt` into + `dashboard/data/merged.json` (explicit manifest, so ad-hoc dev runs in the + results directory never leak into the published dataset); pass explicit + files/globs for an ad-hoc merge. Keeps each run distinct; never mixes baseline + with smoke. `merged.json` is the dashboard's input, not a result, which is why + it stays in the tool. +- `analyze/plot.py` (`make figures`) — matplotlib PNGs for papers, written to + `reports/pqc/figures/` (optional; install into `analyze/.venv` via + `analyze/requirements.txt` to keep system python clean — it gracefully skips + if matplotlib is absent). - `dashboard/` — static, no-backend dashboard (see `dashboard/README.md`): the TLS migration-phase view (Pi and Mac side by side, latency + bytes with ×multipliers), the full three-stack handshake matrix, cross-implementation @@ -565,9 +580,9 @@ For your numbers to count as baseline-grade, the run must satisfy the extra algorithms simply add columns.) ```bash -git clone && cd pqc-bench +cd tools/benchmarks/pqc make check && make build && make test -make run # sudo (with the required rustup env) is handled for you +make run # privilege for the governor step is handled for you ``` A full run takes ~30 min on a Pi 5 (hash-based signing dominates). To check the @@ -580,7 +595,7 @@ When the run finishes, the summary prints `baseline-grade (RPi5): True`. Verify in the JSON too: ```bash -f=$(ls -t results/*.json | head -1) +f=$(ls -t "$(make -s where | awk '/^results:/{print $2}')"/*.json | head -1) python3 -c "import json;d=json.load(open('$f'));print('baseline_grade:',d['is_baseline_grade']);\ print('reasons:',d['baseline_grade_reasons']);\ print('throttled:',d['thermal_trace']['throttling_detected']);\ @@ -593,21 +608,20 @@ you what to fix (usually cooling/PSU/governor) — fix and re-run. ### 3. Submit it -Your `results/-.json` is fully self-describing (host model, +Your `reports/pqc/results/-.json` is fully self-describing (host model, kernel, OS, governor, clock/temp trace, compiler + liboqs/oqs-provider/OpenSSL commits, build flags). It contains your **hostname** and Pi model and nothing else identifying — if you'd rather not share the hostname, prepend `HOSTNAME=mypi5` to the sudo run line, or just rename the file before submitting. -`results/*.json` is git-ignored by default (so you never accidentally commit -local experiments), so add yours explicitly: +Result files are git-ignored by default (so you never accidentally commit local +experiments), so add yours explicitly: ```bash git checkout -b results/-pi5 -git add -f results/-.json -git commit -m "results: RPi5 baseline from " -# push to your fork and open a PR +git add -f reports/pqc/results/-.json +git commit -m "reports/pqc: RPi5 baseline from " ``` **PR checklist** (maintainers will look for these): @@ -624,13 +638,13 @@ git commit -m "results: RPi5 baseline from " groups are missing, revisit the sudo env line above - [ ] unmodified candidate list (or extensions noted in the PR description) -Once merged, your file joins `results/` and gets a line in -`analyze/published_runs.txt` (the explicit manifest of published runs); anyone -can then regenerate the aggregated dataset and dashboard with -`python3 analyze/merge.py`. The dashboard's run selector will then include +Once merged, your file joins `reports/pqc/results/` and gets a line in +`analyze/published_runs.txt` (the explicit manifest of published runs) and in +that directory's `.gitignore`; anyone can then regenerate the aggregated dataset +and dashboard with `make merge`. The dashboard's run selector will then include your Pi alongside everyone else's. -> Prefer not to use GitHub? Open an issue and attach the JSON file instead — a +> Prefer not to open a PR? Open an issue and attach the JSON file instead — a > maintainer will add it. --- diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py index ff70a0a..5cb9acd 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/merge.py @@ -1,15 +1,20 @@ #!/usr/bin/env python3 -"""merge.py — merge many results/-.json files into one dataset the +"""merge.py — merge many -.json result files into one dataset the dashboard (and PNG export) consume. python3 analyze/merge.py # merge the PUBLISHED set (see below) - python3 analyze/merge.py results/*.json ... # merge an explicit ad-hoc set + python3 analyze/merge.py ... # merge an explicit ad-hoc set + +Results live in the report tree, reports/pqc/results/, not next to the tool; +manifest entries are resolved relative to it. PQC_RESULTS_DIR overrides the +location (it must match what run.sh used — see pqb_results_dir in +setup/lib_platform.sh). With no inputs, the file list comes from analyze/published_runs.txt — the explicit, reviewed manifest of which results files feed the published dashboard -dataset. That keeps ad-hoc dev runs sitting in results/ from silently leaking -into dashboard/data/merged.json: getting a run published is an edit to the -manifest, not an accident of globbing. +dataset. That keeps ad-hoc dev runs sitting in the results directory from +silently leaking into dashboard/data/merged.json: getting a run published is an +edit to the manifest, not an accident of globbing. The merged file keeps every run as a separate record (so multiple machines / repetitions can be compared) plus a flat index for quick charting. It never @@ -36,6 +41,9 @@ HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) ROOT = os.path.dirname(HERE) MANIFEST = os.path.join(HERE, "published_runs.txt") +# Keep in sync with pqb_results_dir() in setup/lib_platform.sh. +RESULTS = os.environ.get("PQC_RESULTS_DIR") or os.path.normpath( + os.path.join(ROOT, "..", "..", "..", "reports", "pqc", "results")) PQ_KEM_TOKENS = ("mlkem", "kyber", "frodo", "hqc", "bike", "ntru", "mceliece") CLASSICAL_SIG_PREFIXES = ("ed25519", "ed448", "ecdsa", "rsa") @@ -77,7 +85,7 @@ def manifest_paths(): line = line.strip() if not line or line.startswith("#"): continue - p = line if os.path.isabs(line) else os.path.join(ROOT, "results", line) + p = line if os.path.isabs(line) else os.path.join(RESULTS, line) if os.path.isfile(p): paths.append(p) else: diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py index a1f7715..99490c9 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/plot.py @@ -1,7 +1,10 @@ #!/usr/bin/env python3 """plot.py — export publication-ready PNGs from a merged dataset. - python3 analyze/plot.py dashboard/data/merged.json -o analyze/png + python3 analyze/plot.py dashboard/data/merged.json + +Figures land next to the results they summarise, in reports/pqc/figures (-o +overrides). matplotlib is an OPTIONAL dependency. If it is not installed this prints a clear hint and exits 0 (the HTML dashboard remains the primary, dependency-free view). @@ -29,6 +32,12 @@ " (the HTML dashboard works without it)", file=sys.stderr) sys.exit(0) +# Figures belong with the results, in the report tree — not in the tool. +# Keep the relative hop in sync with pqb_results_dir() in setup/lib_platform.sh. +DEFAULT_OUTDIR = os.environ.get("PQC_FIGURES_DIR") or os.path.normpath( + os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), + "..", "..", "..", "..", "reports", "pqc", "figures")) + def median_ms(ns): return (ns or 0) / 1e6 @@ -126,7 +135,7 @@ def tls_bar(tls_rows, outpath): def main(): ap = argparse.ArgumentParser() ap.add_argument("merged") - ap.add_argument("-o", "--outdir", default="analyze/png") + ap.add_argument("-o", "--outdir", default=DEFAULT_OUTDIR) ap.add_argument("--include-smoke", action="store_true") args = ap.parse_args() diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt index aee216b..53eeb9d 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/analyze/published_runs.txt @@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ # dashboard/data/merged.json when analyze/merge.py runs without arguments. # # Membership criterion: the file is in the published Logos snapshot and cited -# by the companion document's provenance section — NOT merely git-tracked here. -# Paths are relative to results/. Publishing a new run = adding a line here -# (and un-ignoring the file in .gitignore); dev/smoke runs sitting in results/ -# never leak into the published dataset by accident. +# by the companion document's provenance section — NOT merely git-tracked. +# Paths are relative to the results directory, reports/pqc/results. Publishing +# a new run = adding a line here AND un-ignoring the file in that directory's +# .gitignore; dev/smoke runs sitting next to it never leak into the published +# dataset by accident. # # ---- current generation (schema 2.0.0: four measurement groups, three-stack # ---- TLS phase matrix, SLH-DSA + SPHINCS+ side by side, Frodo AES+SHAKE) ---- diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py index e368bb6..81439bd 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/lib/assemble.py @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ --kemsig kemsig.jsonl one JSON object per algorithm from bench_pq --tls tls.json output of the TLS harness (optional) --thermal thermal.csv epoch_s,arm_clock_hz,temp_c,throttled_hex samples - --out results/-.json + --out reports/pqc/results/-.json The single most important output field is `is_baseline_grade`: true ONLY on a real RPi5 with performance governor, core pinning, A76-targeted flags, and no diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh index c8fe6a9..12c097f 100755 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/run.sh @@ -97,11 +97,15 @@ fi BENCH_CORE="${BENCH_CORE:-3}" export PQB_BENCH_CORE="$BENCH_CORE" -# ---- work directory -------------------------------------------------------- +# ---- work + results directories -------------------------------------------- +# Scratch stays inside the tool; only the finished JSON is published, into +# reports/pqc/results (see pqb_results_dir — PQC_RESULTS_DIR overrides). HOST="$(pqb_resolve_hostname)" TS="$(date -u +%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ)" -WORK="$ROOT/results/.work-$HOST-$TS" -mkdir -p "$WORK" "$ROOT/results" +WORK="$ROOT/.work-$HOST-$TS" +RESULTS="$(pqb_results_dir "$ROOT")" +mkdir -p "$WORK" "$RESULTS" +RESULTS="$(cd "$RESULTS" && pwd)" KEMSIG_OUT="$WORK/kemsig.jsonl"; : > "$KEMSIG_OUT" TLS_OUT="$WORK/tls.json" RUST_TLS_PROV="" # set when the TLS layer runs (rustls provenance path) @@ -346,7 +350,7 @@ collect_host_facts() { collect_host_facts # ---- assemble final results JSON ------------------------------------------- -OUT="$ROOT/results/${HOST}-${TS}.json" +OUT="$RESULTS/${HOST}-${TS}.json" python3 "$ROOT/bench/lib/assemble.py" \ --meta "$META" --lock "$LOCK" --features "$FEATURES" \ --kemsig "$KEMSIG_OUT" ${TLS_OUT:+--tls "$TLS_OUT"} \ diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh index 87612a2..82a3c92 100755 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/selftest.sh @@ -12,16 +12,21 @@ # hygiene failure must never block a 30-minute measurement run. # # EVERYTHING this script produces lives under one mktemp dir: it never writes -# into results/ or bench/tls/pki/ (a test must not be able to leak into the -# published set or clobber certs a real run depends on). +# into the results directory or bench/tls/pki/ (a test must not be able to leak +# into the published set or clobber certs a real run depends on). # -# Fixture note: hygiene test 5 reads results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json -# as the schema-1.0.0 COMPATIBILITY FIXTURE (see analyze/published_runs.txt) — -# retired from the published set, but load-bearing here; do not delete it. +# Fixture note: hygiene test 5 reads rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json from the +# results directory as the schema-1.0.0 COMPATIBILITY FIXTURE (see +# analyze/published_runs.txt) — retired from the published set, but +# load-bearing here; do not delete it. # ============================================================================= set -uo pipefail HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)" cd "$HERE" +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$HERE/setup/lib_platform.sh" +RESULTS="$(pqb_results_dir "$HERE")" +export PQC_RESULTS_DIR="$RESULTS" # merge.py must resolve the same directory LOCK="$HERE/setup/versions.lock" # shellcheck disable=SC1090 [ -f "$LOCK" ] && source "$LOCK" @@ -199,7 +204,7 @@ for c in cells: # covered cells must have complete, per-stack-priced sums PY echo "== hygiene 5: schema-1.0.0 compatibility fixture through merge.py ==" -FIX=results/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json +FIX="$RESULTS/rasberrypi5-20260614T205226Z.json" if [ -f "$FIX" ]; then python3 analyze/merge.py "$FIX" -o "$T/merged_v1.json" >/dev/null 2>&1 python3 - "$FIX" "$T/merged_v1.json" <<'PY' && pass "v1 fixture: rows preserved, implementation/phase/totals injected" || warnf "v1 compatibility regressed" @@ -219,9 +224,10 @@ fi echo "== hygiene 6: published_runs manifest vs disk vs committed merged.json ==" python3 - <<'PY' && pass "manifest entries exist; merged.json matches the published set" || warnf "manifest/merged.json drift — re-run 'make merge'" import json,os +results=os.environ["PQC_RESULTS_DIR"] entries=[l.strip() for l in open("analyze/published_runs.txt") if l.strip() and not l.startswith("#")] -missing=[e for e in entries if not os.path.isfile("results/"+e)] +missing=[e for e in entries if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(results,e))] assert not missing, f"missing on disk: {missing}" m=json.load(open("dashboard/data/merged.json")) assert sorted(r["source_file"] for r in m["runs"])==sorted(entries), "merged.json != manifest" diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh index d5cc958..b957960 100755 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/scripts/test-fedora.sh @@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ # is exactly the machine shape that has broken in the field). # # WHAT THIS DOES NOT COVER: measurements. Timings inside a container/VM are -# meaningless and nothing produced here is a benchmark result; runs are -# NOSUDO and land in the container's copy, never in this tree. On Apple +# meaningless and nothing produced here is a benchmark result; runs are NOSUDO +# and land in the container's own copy of the results tree, never in this +# checkout (both host mounts are read-only). On Apple # Silicon the container is aarch64 Fedora (lib64 reproduces natively); # ARCH=amd64 forces x86_64 under emulation for compile-and-run checks. # @@ -34,20 +35,32 @@ if [ "${SMOKE:-0}" = "1" ]; then SMOKE_CMD='echo "===== make smoke (NOSUDO, container) =====" && NOSUDO=1 make smoke' fi -echo "[test-fedora] engine=$ENGINE image=fedora:42 ${ARCH:+arch=$ARCH }(source tree mounted read-only)" +# The results tree lives outside the tool (reports/pqc/results), so it is +# mounted separately: the hygiene checks read the published set and the v1 +# compatibility fixture from it. Both mounts are read-only and the container +# copies both, so nothing it runs can write into this checkout. +# shellcheck source=setup/lib_platform.sh +source "$HERE/setup/lib_platform.sh" +RESULTS_HOST="$(pqb_results_dir "$HERE")" +[ -d "$RESULTS_HOST" ] || { echo "results tree not found at $RESULTS_HOST — set PQC_RESULTS_DIR" >&2; exit 1; } +RESULTS_HOST="$(cd "$RESULTS_HOST" && pwd)" + +echo "[test-fedora] engine=$ENGINE image=fedora:42 ${ARCH:+arch=$ARCH }(source + results trees mounted read-only)" # shellcheck disable=SC2086 -"$ENGINE" run --rm $PLATFORM_ARG -v "$HERE":/src:ro fedora:42 bash -c ' +"$ENGINE" run --rm $PLATFORM_ARG -v "$HERE":/src:ro -v "$RESULTS_HOST":/src-results:ro fedora:42 bash -c ' set -euo pipefail echo "== $(grep PRETTY /etc/os-release | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d \") $(uname -m) ==" dnf install -y -q gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ninja-build git python3 perl \ openssl openssl-devel pkgconf-pkg-config util-linux rsync # pristine copy: never build into the mounted host tree rsync -a --exclude vendor/ --exclude "bench/rust/target/" \ - --exclude "bench/rust-tls/target/" --exclude "results/.work-*" \ + --exclude "bench/rust-tls/target/" --exclude ".work-*" \ --exclude "setup/versions.lock" \ --exclude "bench/kem_sig/bench_pq" --exclude "bench/tls/bench_tls" \ --exclude "bench/tls/pki/" --exclude "*.o" \ /src/ /work/ + rsync -a --exclude ".work-*" /src-results/ /work-results/ + export PQC_RESULTS_DIR=/work-results cd /work make check make build diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh index f4a8a5f..c77bc7f 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/setup/lib_platform.sh @@ -11,6 +11,24 @@ # pretends the action happened. # ============================================================================= +# ---- results location ------------------------------------------------------ +# Every run's JSON lands in the research repo's report tree, not next to the +# tool: tools/benchmarks/pqc/ -> reports/pqc/results/. One resolver, so run.sh, +# the selftest, merge.py and plot.py can never disagree about where results are. +# +# PQC_RESULTS_DIR overrides it — needed wherever the tool is used outside a +# checkout of this repo (the Fedora container copy, a standalone clone on a +# measurement box). Set it and the tool never looks at the default. +# +# $1: the tool root (the directory holding run.sh). +pqb_results_dir() { + if [ -n "${PQC_RESULTS_DIR:-}" ]; then + printf '%s\n' "$PQC_RESULTS_DIR" + return 0 + fi + printf '%s\n' "$1/../../../reports/pqc/results" +} + # ---- platform detection ---------------------------------------------------- # Sets: PQB_OS (macos|linux), PQB_ARCH, PQB_IS_RPI (1|0), PQB_RPI_MODEL pqb_detect_platform() { From 6bdaf90fdd841cf2d3cdc6b4f035450d6cd69397 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marcin Pawlowski Date: Thu, 6 Aug 2026 18:35:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/11] pqc: drop the Raspberry Pi how-to; the Makefile is the how-to MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md walked through clone/check/build/run as prose, which is exactly what `make check|build|test|run` already do — so it could only ever drift out of date, and it had: it still named the repo pq-bench-rpi5 and described the pre-narrowed-sudo run. Deleted rather than repaired. What it carried that the targets genuinely cannot — the physical measurement conditions the baseline-grade gate checks (active cooling, the 27 W PSU), the Debian 13 / OpenSSL 3.5 note that spares a source build, and the advice to build inside tmux — is folded into the README's Raspberry Pi section, which now points at the contribution gate instead of a parallel walkthrough. Also completes the rename to `pqc`: the tool is a benchmark, not a proof-of-concept implementation, and it no longer carries a name that pins it to one board. The remaining pq-bench-rpi5 strings in the config, dashboard and Cargo manifests are gone. Internal `pqb_` shell helpers and the `pqb-rust*` binary names are left alone deliberately — they are private to the harness, and renaming them would churn the build and test paths without changing anything a reader sees. Verified: `make test` 21/21 green after the rename. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) (cherry picked from commit bb259ff6e9389deca419e7aaad8dd8ed8dd05868) --- tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile | 6 +- tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md | 39 ++-- tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md | 184 ------------------ .../benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/Cargo.toml | 2 +- tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml | 2 +- tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml | 2 +- tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js | 2 +- tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html | 2 +- 8 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 203 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile index a7b99d8..c6216f6 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/Dockerfile @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ # COVERAGE NOTE: C toolchain ONLY (liboqs / OpenSSL / oqs-provider). This image # installs no Rust, so the RustCrypto (bench/rust) and rustls (bench/rust-tls) # measurement groups are not built here, and the image has not been re-verified -# since those groups were added. The verified setup paths are the bare-metal -# ones in README.md / RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md. +# since those groups were added. The verified setup path is the bare-metal one: +# `make check && make build` on the host, as README.md describes. # # This image is for BUILDING ONLY — it is NOT for running the benchmark. # -# docker build -t pq-bench-rpi5 . # build + pin the toolchain +# docker build -t pqc . # build + pin the toolchain # # Run the MEASUREMENT bare-metal on the host, never in the container. A # container cannot reliably control the CPU governor, pin to an isolated core, diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md index 3b60f5e..bf4dae6 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/README.md @@ -1,10 +1,12 @@ -# pqc-bench +# pqc — post-quantum cryptography benchmark -A reproducible, general-purpose **post-quantum cryptography benchmark** -(formerly `pq-bench-rpi5`) whose baseline **reference platform** is the -**Raspberry Pi 5** (Broadcom BCM2712, Cortex-A76, -aarch64). Anyone can run it on their own Pi 5 and the results aggregate and -compare apples-to-apples. +A reproducible, general-purpose **post-quantum cryptography benchmark** whose +baseline **reference platform** is the **Raspberry Pi 5** (Broadcom BCM2712, +Cortex-A76, aarch64). It runs on any Linux or macOS box; results from the +reference platform aggregate and compare apples-to-apples. + +Results and figures land in [`reports/pqc`](../../../reports/pqc) — see that +directory for the published dataset and what it shows. **Framing — migration cost.** How much does moving from the cryptography Logos uses *today* (X25519 key exchange + Ed25519 signatures) to PQ candidates cost on @@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ The setup and run steps live in the **Makefile**, so they can't drift from reality the way prose does; `make help` lists everything. The flow: ```bash -git clone && cd pqc-bench +cd tools/benchmarks/pqc make check # read-only: verifies the environment — including that the # OpenSSL the build will use has its DEVELOPMENT files # (compile-and-link probe) — and prints per-platform install @@ -236,9 +238,24 @@ instead of being silently masked. ### On a Raspberry Pi 5 (the real measurement target) -Follow **[RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md](RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md)** for the -Pi-specific context (cooling, PSU, governor, baseline-grade); the commands are -the same targets: `make check && make build && make test && make run`. +Nothing is Pi-specific about the commands — they are the same targets as +everywhere else: `make check && make build && make test && make run`. What is +Pi-specific is the *measurement conditions* the baseline-grade gate checks, and +they are physical, not procedural: + +- **Active cooling** (the official Active Cooler or a fan). PQ signing — + SLH-DSA especially — holds the core at load long enough to throttle an + uncooled Pi, and a throttled run is flagged non-baseline. +- **The official 27 W USB-C PSU.** Under-voltage trips the same throttle flag. +- **Raspberry Pi OS / Debian 13 (trixie) or newer**, whose system OpenSSL is + already on the pinned 3.5.x line with ML-KEM/ML-DSA/SLH-DSA compiled in, so no + OpenSSL source build is needed. `make check` verifies this; on an older OS the + build falls back to compiling the pinned OpenSSL from source (+15–30 min). +- Run `make build` inside **tmux** so a dropped SSH session doesn't kill it + (5–15 min, dominated by liboqs and the first AWS-LC build). + +See [Contributing your RPi5 results](#contributing-your-rpi5-results) for the +full gate and the submission checklist. **On `sudo`:** it is **optional, not a prerequisite.** The only thing it does is set the CPU governor to `performance` — none of the crypto needs root. `./run.sh` @@ -283,7 +300,7 @@ Docker is for reproducibly **building** the pinned C toolchain (liboqs / OpenSSL / oqs-provider), not for running the benchmark: ```bash -docker build -t pqc-bench . # builds + pins the C toolchain inside the image +docker build -t pqc . # builds + pins the C toolchain inside the image ``` > **Coverage note:** the image covers the **C toolchain only** — it installs no diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md deleted file mode 100644 index a647480..0000000 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/RUNNING-ON-YOUR-RPI5.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,184 +0,0 @@ -# Running pq-bench-rpi5 on Your Own Raspberry Pi 5 - -This benchmark measures post-quantum KEMs, signatures, and TLS 1.3 handshakes -against the classical baseline Logos uses today (X25519 / Ed25519), so every -chart shows the **migration cost** of moving to PQ on validator-grade hardware. - -There's no manual tuning: the benchmark **auto-calibrates the iteration count -per operation** to your Pi's speed, so results stay comparable across machines. - -## Prerequisites - -- **Raspberry Pi 5** (Cortex-A76, aarch64), ideally the 8GB model, with - **active cooling** so it doesn't thermal-throttle mid-run. -- **Raspberry Pi OS / Debian 13 (trixie) or newer** — the benchmark pins - OpenSSL to the **3.5.x LTS line** on every platform, and Debian 13's system - `openssl` package is already 3.5.x with the PQC algorithms (ML-KEM / ML-DSA / - SLH-DSA) compiled in, so **no OpenSSL source build is needed**. *(Verified on - a Pi 5 running trixie's `3.5.6`: the full native surface is present — - MLKEM512/768/1024, X25519MLKEM768, SecP256r1MLKEM768, SecP384r1MLKEM1024 and - mldsa44/65/87 — and the complete native phase matrix ran without - degradation.)* Confirm on your box with: - - ```sh - openssl version # want 3.5.x - openssl list -kem-algorithms | grep -i mlkem # want ML-KEM entries - openssl list -tls-groups | tr ':' '\n' | grep -i mlkem # MLKEM512/768/1024 + hybrids - openssl list -tls-signature-algorithms | tr ':' '\n' | grep -i mldsa # mldsa44/65/87 - ``` - - If the native MLKEM TLS groups are missing, `run.sh` skips the - `openssl-native` TLS matrix with a warning and the oqs-provider matrix still - runs. - - If your OS ships an older OpenSSL, `./setup/setup.sh` falls back to building - the pinned `openssl-3.5.7` from source automatically (adds ~15–30 min). -- **Rust toolchain** — needed for the `rustcrypto` measurement group (pure-Rust - ML-KEM/ML-DSA/SLH-DSA plus X25519/Ed25519 anchors). Install stable Rust via - rustup: - - ```sh - curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y - . "$HOME/.cargo/env" - cargo --version # any recent stable is fine - ``` - - (Debian 13 also packages `rustup` — `sudo apt install rustup && rustup default - stable` should be equivalent, but that path has not been verified by this - project.) The Rust toolchain covers TWO measurement groups: the - `rustcrypto` primitives (`bench/rust`) and the `rustls-awslc` TLS matrix - (`bench/rust-tls`). The latter compiles the AWS-LC C library on first build - (needs `cmake`, which `setup.sh deps` installs; verified working on a Pi 5). - Build both harnesses as your normal user (the run also does this - automatically — it runs cargo as you, never as root): - - ```sh - (cd bench/rust && cargo build --release --locked) - (cd bench/rust-tls && cargo build --release --locked) # AWS-LC C build: several minutes, once - ``` - - **Optional:** if cargo is absent, `./run.sh` skips both Rust groups - gracefully and records the reasons in the results JSON — the rest of the - benchmark is unaffected. -- **Internet access** and **sudo**. - -## Step 1 — Clone (public repo, no auth) - -```sh -git clone -cd pq-bench-rpi5 -``` - -## Step 2 — Check, then build - -```sh -make check # read-only: verifies OpenSSL incl. its DEV FILES (libssl-dev — - # the binary alone is not enough), rust, cmake etc., and prints - # apt commands for anything missing ('make deps' installs them) -make build # C toolchain + bench binaries + both Rust harnesses; refuses to - # link a system liboqs — only the vendored pinned build is - # comparable with the published baselines -make test # ~1-2 min verification gate (21 checks, incl. ldd-verifying the - # binaries link the vendored liboqs) before you spend 30 min - # measuring -``` - -The build takes 5–15 min (liboqs dominates; the first Rust-TLS build compiles -AWS-LC, several more minutes once). Run inside `tmux` so it survives an SSH -disconnect. `make build` refuses to run cargo as root — build as your normal -user; the run also stays your user, only the governor step escalates. - -## Step 3 — Run - -```sh -make run -``` - -Root is needed for exactly one step: writing `performance` into the sysfs -CPU-governor files. `make run` asks for your sudo password once, up front -(`sudo -v`), and only the governor write escalates (`sudo -n`) — the -measurement itself, the in-run cargo builds and every result file stay owned -by your user. (Core pinning via `taskset` and the `vcgencmd` thermal trace -need no root — vcgencmd only needs the `video` group, which the default Pi -user has.) `NOSUDO=1 make run` skips the sudo attempt; the run completes and -the governor demerit is recorded honestly. - -A full run covers **all four measurement groups** (liboqs primitives, -RustCrypto primitives, aws-lc-rs pricing rows, and the three-stack TLS phase -matrix: openssl-native / oqs-provider / rustls-awslc, ~60 cells at 1000 -handshakes each). **Measured: 36 min on an Apple M3, 29 min (1716 s) on a -Pi 5** — the Pi is not slower end-to-end because per-op auto-calibration -targets a fixed measurement budget per operation. There are no iteration -counts to set. - -To exercise the whole pipeline end-to-end first without a publishable-length -run, use smoke mode — same coverage (all four groups, every TLS stack), one -repetition per op and 50 handshakes per TLS cell: - -```sh -make smoke -``` - -Output lands in `results/-.json`, stamped with full -provenance (Pi model, RAM, kernel, governor, thermal trace, library versions) -and an `is_baseline_grade` flag. - -## Step 4 — View results - -The dashboard must be served over **HTTP** (opening `index.html` as a `file://` -URL blocks its JSON fetch — see `dashboard/README.md`): - -```sh -cd dashboard -python3 -m http.server 8765 -# then open http://:8765 -``` - -The charts show KEM, signature, and TLS results with the classical X25519 / -Ed25519 baseline drawn as a reference line. - -## Step 5 — Contribute (optional) - -Share your `results/*.json` (open a PR or send it over). The published -dashboard dataset is pinned by `analyze/published_runs.txt` (run -`python3 analyze/merge.py` with no arguments to rebuild exactly that set); -for an ad-hoc local comparison pass explicit files: - -```sh -python3 analyze/merge.py results/.json results/.json \ - -o dashboard/data/merged.json -``` - -The dashboard then shows every selected machine side by side. - -## What the results tell you - -PQ is not so much *slower* as *bigger*. Lattice schemes (ML-KEM, ML-DSA) run -close to classical in speed but have much larger keys and signatures, while the -hash-based SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+) is an outlier in both signing time and signature -size. On TLS, the classical baseline fits in a single packet, while PQ and -hybrid handshakes grow past it and fragment. - -## Notes and limitations - -- Hash-based signatures are measured in **both generations**: the standardised - FIPS 205 SLH-DSA sets (`SLH_DSA_PURE_SHA2_*`, new rows) **and** the round-3 - `SPHINCS+-SHA2-*-simple` sets (the rows comparable to the earlier published - baselines). They are different algorithms — compare like with like. -- Measures **liboqs** (C / assembly) implementations, the **RustCrypto - pure-Rust second source** (`implementation: rustcrypto` rows — same - methodology, hedged signing like liboqs; Falcon/McEliece/FrodoKEM have no - mature pure-Rust implementation and stay absent there), the **aws-lc-rs - pricing rows**, and the **three-stack TLS phase matrix** (`openssl-native`, - `oqs-provider`, `rustls-awslc`) — see README for what each covers and the - caveats that apply. -- Rust-vs-C gaps are partly **optimisation-path artefacts**, not pure - implementation quality: liboqs has hand-written aarch64 assembly for ML-KEM, - the Rust crates are portable Rust. The results JSON records both sides' - compiled code paths (`toolchain.liboqs_opt_defines` / `toolchain.rust`). -- Userspace PMU cycle counts are usually unavailable, so the primary metric is - **wall-clock time + ops/sec**. -- SNARK / STARK benchmarking is **out of scope** for this phase (`config.yaml` - reserves a hook for it). -- The candidate list lives in `config.yaml` — use the exact liboqs algorithm - names. diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/Cargo.toml b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/Cargo.toml index 74fdec7..633df32 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/Cargo.toml +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust-tls/Cargo.toml @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name = "pqb-rust-tls" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" -description = "pq-bench-rpi5 rustls + aws-lc-rs TLS 1.3 handshake harness — mirrors bench/tls/bench_tls.c, emitting the same schema-2.0.0 rows with implementation:\"rustls-awslc\"" +description = "pqc rustls + aws-lc-rs TLS 1.3 handshake harness — mirrors bench/tls/bench_tls.c, emitting the same schema-2.0.0 rows with implementation:\"rustls-awslc\"" publish = false [dependencies] diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml index e64c40d..6ed4a37 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/bench/rust/Cargo.toml @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name = "pqb-rust" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" -description = "pq-bench-rpi5 pure-Rust (RustCrypto) KEM/signature harness — same methodology as bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c, emitting the same schema-2.0.0 JSONL rows with implementation:\"rustcrypto\"" +description = "pqc pure-Rust (RustCrypto) KEM/signature harness — same methodology as bench/kem_sig/bench_pq.c, emitting the same schema-2.0.0 JSONL rows with implementation:\"rustcrypto\"" publish = false [dependencies] diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml index 3f58a43..79e01b0 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/config.yaml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # ============================================================================= -# pqc-bench candidate configuration +# pqc benchmark — candidate configuration # # This file is the single place users edit to extend the benchmark. The harness # reads it with a dependency-free YAML subset parser (bench/lib/miniyaml.py), so diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js index d4f319a..6302e03 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/app.js @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* pq-bench-rpi5 dashboard — pure client-side, reads a merged.json produced by +/* pqc benchmark dashboard — pure client-side, reads a merged.json produced by * analyze/merge.py. No backend. * * Views (stage-6): TLS migration phases (Pi + Mac side by side), the full diff --git a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html index 7fe347a..adcf82b 100644 --- a/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html +++ b/tools/benchmarks/pqc/dashboard/index.html @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@

    Findings: deliberate absences disabled rows are results, n