intro & handling basic data

Author: mgax

00-setup.rst

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+* setup::
+
+  apt-get install python-virtualenv
+  virtualenv ~/pyworkshop
+  source ~/pyworkshop/bin/activate
+  pip install requests

01-basicdata.rst

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+examples
+
+::
+    >>> 1 + 1
+    2
+
+    >>> 2 * 3
+    6
+
+    >>> 2.5 * 3
+    7.5
+
+    >>> type(1)
+    <type 'int'>
+
+    >>> type(7.5)
+    <type 'float'>
+
+    >>> a = 13
+
+    >>> type(a)
+    <type 'int'>
+
+    >>> 4.0/3
+    1.3333333333333333
+
+    >>> a = 4.0/3
+
+    >>> a
+    1.3333333333333333
+
+    >>> type(a)
+    <type 'float'>
+
+
+tipul este asociat valorii, nu variabilei
+
+::
+    >>> type("Hello")
+    <type 'str'>
+
+    >>> "Hello" + "world!"
+    'Helloworld!'
+
+    >>> "Your lucky number is %d" % 13
+    'Your lucky number is 13'
+
+    >>> "Your other number is %d" % a
+    'Your other number is 1'
+
+    >>> "Your other number is %f" % a
+    'Your other number is 1.333333'
+
+    >>> "Your other number is %.2f" % a
+    'Your other number is 1.33'
+
+    >>> msg = "Your other number is %.2f" % a
+
+    >>> len(msg)
+    25
+
+    >>> msg[0]
+    'Y'
+
+    >>> msg[1]
+    'o'
+
+    >>> msg[-1]
+    '3'
+
+    >>> msg[12:17]
+    'umber'
+
+
+string-urile au metode
+
+::
+    >>> msg.lower()
+    'your other number is 1.33'
+
+    >>> msg.find("number")
+    11
+
+    >>> msg.split(" ")
+    ['Your', 'other', 'number', 'is', '1.33']
+
+
+am primit o listă! putem defini propriile liste
+
+::
+    >>> l = ['ana', 'are', 'mere']
+
+    >>> l
+    ['ana', 'are', 'mere']
+
+    >>> type(l)
+    <type 'list'>
+
+    >>> l[0]
+    'ana'
+
+    >>> type(l[0])
+    <type 'str'>
+
+    >>> l.pop()
+    'mere'
+
+    >>> l.append("cartofi")
+
+    >>> l
+    ['ana', 'are', 'cartofi']
+
+    >>> l.extend(["si", 3, "mere"])
+
+    >>> l
+    ['ana', 'are', 'cartofi', 'si', 3, 'mere']
+
+listele primesc conținut de orice type
+
+::
+    >>> type(l[4])
+    <type 'int'>
+
+    >>> ' '.join(l)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    TypeError: sequence item 4: expected string, int found
+
+type checking la runtime
+
+::
+    >>> l.pop(4)
+    3
+
+    >>> ' '.join(l)
+    'ana are cartofi si mere'
+
+remember, string-urile au metode
+
+::
+    >>> ship = {'name': "Enterprise", 'enemies': ['ferengi', 'cardassian']}
+
+    >>> len(ship)
+    2
+
+    >>> ship.keys()
+    ['name', 'enemies']
+
+    >>> type(ship['name'])
+    <type 'str'>
+
+    >>> type(ship['enemies'])
+    <type 'list'>
+
+primește orice fel de valori
+
+::
+    >>> ship['enemies'].append('borg')
+
+    >>> ship
+    {'name': 'Enterprise', 'enemies': ['ferengi', 'cardassian', 'borg']}
+
+    >>> ship[1] = 'Riker'
+
+    >>> ship
+    {1: 'Riker', 'name': 'Enterprise', 'enemies': ['ferengi', 'cardassian', 'borg']}
+
+primește integer la chei (în general non-mutable values)
+
+::
+    >>> ship[l] = "hello"
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
+
+    >>> del ship['enemies']
+
+    >>> ship
+    {1: 'Riker', 'name': 'Enterprise'}
+
+
+if/else, for
+
+::
+    >>> if 2 < 3:
+    ...     print "doi e mai mic decat trei!"
+
+    >>> if False:
+    ...     print "WTF?!"
+    ... else:
+    ...     print "totul e ok"
+
+    >>> for c in range(30):
+    ...   if c % 2 == 0:
+    ...     print "Numar par:", c
+
+    >>> l = [c**2 for c in range(20)]
+    >>> for c in l:
+    ...     print 'numarul este', c