Merge pull request kodecocodes#41 from chris-pilcher/fizz-buzz

Added fizz buzz

Author: hollance

Fizz Buzz/FizzBuzz.playground/Contents.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+func fizzBuzz(numberOfTurns: Int) {
+  for i in 1...numberOfTurns {
+    var result = ""
+
+    if i % 3 == 0 {
+      result += "Fizz"
+    }
+
+    if i % 5 == 0 {
+      result += (result.isEmpty ? "" : " ") + "Buzz"
+    }
+
+    if result.isEmpty {
+      result += "\(i)"
+    }
+
+    print(result)
+  }
+}
+
+fizzBuzz(100)

Fizz Buzz/FizzBuzz.playground/contents.xcplayground

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<playground version='5.0' target-platform='ios'>
+    <timeline fileName='timeline.xctimeline'/>
+</playground>

Fizz Buzz/FizzBuzz.playground/timeline.xctimeline

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Timeline
+   version = "3.0">
+   <TimelineItems>
+   </TimelineItems>
+</Timeline>

Fizz Buzz/FizzBuzz.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+func fizzBuzz(numberOfTurns: Int) {
+  for i in 1...numberOfTurns {
+    var result = ""
+
+    if i % 3 == 0 {
+      result += "Fizz"
+    }
+
+    if i % 5 == 0 {
+      result += (result.isEmpty ? "" : " ") + "Buzz"
+    }
+
+    if result.isEmpty {
+      result += "\(i)"
+    }
+
+    print(result)
+  }
+}

Fizz Buzz/README.markdown

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# Fizz Buzz
+
+Fizz buzz is a group word game for children to teach them about division. Players take turns to count incrementally, replacing any number divisible by three with the word "fizz", and any number divisible by five with the word "buzz".
+
+Fizz buzz has been used as an interview screening device for computer programmers.
+
+## Example
+
+A typical round of fizz buzz:
+
+`1`, `2`, `Fizz`, `4`, `Buzz`, `Fizz`, `7`, `8`, `Fizz`, `Buzz`, `11`, `Fizz`, `13`, `14`, `Fizz Buzz`, `16`, `17`, `Fizz`, `19`, `Buzz`, `Fizz`, `22`, `23`, `Fizz`, `Buzz`, `26`, `Fizz`, `28`, `29`, `Fizz Buzz`, `31`, `32`, `Fizz`, `34`, `Buzz`, `Fizz`, ...
+
+## 	Modulus Operator
+
+The modulus operator `%` is the key to solving fizz buzz.
+
+The modulus operator returns the remainder after an integer division. Here is an example of the modulus operator:
+
+| Division      | Division Result            | Modulus         | Modulus Result  |
+| ------------- | -------------------------- | --------------- | ---------------:|
+| 1 `/` 3       | `0` with a remainder of 3  | 1 `%` 3         | `3`             |
+| 5 `/` 3       | `1` with a remainder of 2  | 5 `%` 3         | `2`             |
+| 16 `/` 3      | `5` with a remainder of 1  | 16 `%` 3        | `1`             |
+
+A common approach to determine if a number is even or odd is to use the modulus operator:
+
+| Modulus       | Result          | Swift Code                      | Swift Code Result | Comment                                       |
+| ------------- | ---------------:| ------------------------------- | -----------------:| --------------------------------------------- |
+| 6 `%` 2       | 0               | `let isEven = number % 2 == 0`  | `true`            | If a number is divisible by 2 it is `even`    |
+| 5 `%` 2       | 1               | `let isOdd = number % 2 != 0`   | `true`            | If a number is not divisible by 2 it is `odd` |
+
+Now we can use the modulus operator `%`  to solve fizz buzz.
+
+Finding numbers divisible by three:
+
+| Modulus | Modulus Result | Swift Code    | Swift Code Result |
+| ------- | --------------:| ------------- |------------------:|
+| 1 `%` 3 | `1`            | `1 % 3 == 0`  | `false`           |
+| 2 `%` 3 | `2`            | `2 % 3 == 0`  | `false`           |
+| 3 `%` 3 | `0`            | `3 % 3 == 0`  | `true`            |
+| 4 `%` 3 | `1`            | `4 % 3 == 0`  | `false`           |
+
+Finding numbers divisible by five:
+
+| Modulus | Modulus Result | Swift Code    | Swift Code Result |
+| ------- | --------------:| ------------- |------------------:|
+| 1 `%` 5 | `1`            | `1 % 5 == 0`  | `false`           |
+| 2 `%` 5 | `2`            | `2 % 5 == 0`  | `false`           |
+| 3 `%` 5 | `3`            | `3 % 5 == 0`  | `false`           |
+| 4 `%` 5 | `4`            | `4 % 5 == 0`  | `false`           |
+| 5 `%` 5 | `0`            | `5 % 5 == 0`  | `true`            |
+| 6 `%` 5 | `1`            | `6 % 5 == 0`  | `false`           |
+
+## The code
+
+Here is a simple implementation in Swift:
+
+```swift
+func fizzBuzz(numberOfTurns: Int) {
+  for i in 1...numberOfTurns {
+    var result = ""
+
+    if i % 3 == 0 {
+      result += "Fizz"
+    }
+
+    if i % 5 == 0 {
+      result += (result.isEmpty ? "" : " ") + "Buzz"
+    }
+
+    if result.isEmpty {
+      result += "\(i)"
+    }
+
+    print(result)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Put this code in a playground and test it like so:
+
+```swift
+fizzBuzz(15) // This will output 1, 2, Fizz, 4, Buzz, Fizz, 7, 8, Fizz, Buzz, 11, Fizz, 13, 14, Fizz Buzz
+```
+## See also
+
+[Fizz buzz on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz)
+
+*Written by [Chris Pilcher](https://github.com/chris-pilcher)*

README.markdown

@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ Most of the time using just the built-in `Array`, `Dictionary`, and `Set` types
 A lot of software developer interview questions consist of algorithmic puzzles. Here is a small selection of fun ones. For more puzzles (with answers), see [here](http://elementsofprogramminginterviews.com/) and [here](http://www.crackingthecodinginterview.com).
 
 - [Two-Sum Problem](Two-Sum Problem/)
+- [Fizz Buzz](Fizz Buzz/)
 
 ## Learn more!