diff --git a/lib/json_rpc_handler.rb b/lib/json_rpc_handler.rb
index 977afa39..2c6c836a 100644
--- a/lib/json_rpc_handler.rb
+++ b/lib/json_rpc_handler.rb
@@ -73,13 +73,18 @@ def process_request(request, id_validation_pattern:, &method_finder)
 
     error = if !valid_version?(request[:jsonrpc])
       "JSON-RPC version must be 2.0"
-    elsif !valid_id?(request[:id], id_validation_pattern)
+    elsif !valid_id?(id, id_validation_pattern)
       "Request ID must match validation pattern, or be an integer or null"
     elsif !valid_method_name?(request[:method])
       'Method name must be a string and not start with "rpc."'
     end
 
-    return error_response(id: :unknown_id, id_validation_pattern: id_validation_pattern, error: {
+    # Per JSON-RPC 2.0 (Response object, `id`), the error response must carry
+    # the same id as the request when the id could be detected; null is only
+    # for requests whose id could not be determined. `error_response` nils out
+    # ids that fail validation, and the `:unknown_id` sentinel keeps a response
+    # (with a null id) being emitted when the request carried no id at all.
+    return error_response(id: id.nil? ? :unknown_id : id, id_validation_pattern: id_validation_pattern, error: {
       code: ErrorCode::INVALID_REQUEST,
       message: "Invalid Request",
       data: error,
diff --git a/test/json_rpc_handler_test.rb b/test/json_rpc_handler_test.rb
index c1f08f11..83a18df5 100644
--- a/test/json_rpc_handler_test.rb
+++ b/test/json_rpc_handler_test.rb
@@ -43,6 +43,18 @@
         message: "Invalid Request",
         data: "JSON-RPC version must be 2.0",
       }
+      assert_equal 1, @response[:id]
+    end
+
+    it "returns an error preserving the request id when jsonrpc is missing" do
+      handle id: 4, method: "add", params: { a: 1, b: 2 }
+
+      assert_rpc_error expected_error: {
+        code: -32600,
+        message: "Invalid Request",
+        data: "JSON-RPC version must be 2.0",
+      }
+      assert_equal 4, @response[:id]
     end
 
     # method
@@ -58,6 +70,7 @@
         message: "Invalid Request",
         data: 'Method name must be a string and not start with "rpc."',
       }
+      assert_equal 1, @response[:id]
     end
 
     it "returns an error when method begins with 'rpc.'" do
@@ -68,6 +81,7 @@
         message: "Invalid Request",
         data: 'Method name must be a string and not start with "rpc."',
       }
+      assert_equal 1, @response[:id]
     end
 
     # params
@@ -315,6 +329,50 @@
       assert_nil @response[:id]
     end
 
+    it "returns the same request id on an Invalid Request error when the id is detectable" do
+      handle jsonrpc: "1.0", id: 3, method: "ping", params: {}
+
+      assert_rpc_error expected_error: {
+        code: -32600,
+        message: "Invalid Request",
+        data: "JSON-RPC version must be 2.0",
+      }
+      assert_equal 3, @response[:id]
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil for id on an Invalid Request error when the request has no id" do
+      handle jsonrpc: "1.0", method: "ping", params: {}
+
+      assert_rpc_error expected_error: {
+        code: -32600,
+        message: "Invalid Request",
+        data: "JSON-RPC version must be 2.0",
+      }
+      assert_nil @response[:id]
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil for id on an Invalid Request error when the request id is explicitly null" do
+      handle jsonrpc: "1.0", id: nil, method: "ping", params: {}
+
+      assert_rpc_error expected_error: {
+        code: -32600,
+        message: "Invalid Request",
+        data: "JSON-RPC version must be 2.0",
+      }
+      assert_nil @response[:id]
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil for id on an Invalid Request error when the id fails validation" do
+      handle jsonrpc: "1.0", id: "<script>alert('xss')</script>", method: "ping", params: {}
+
+      assert_rpc_error expected_error: {
+        code: -32600,
+        message: "Invalid Request",
+        data: "JSON-RPC version must be 2.0",
+      }
+      assert_nil @response[:id]
+    end
+
     # 5.1 Error object
     #
     # When a rpc call encounters an error, the Response Object MUST contain the error member with a value that is a
@@ -610,6 +668,20 @@
 
         assert_nil @response
       end
+
+      it "preserves the request id of an invalid entry within a batch" do
+        register("add") { |params| params[:a] + params[:b] }
+
+        handle [
+          { jsonrpc: "2.0", id: 100, method: "add", params: { a: 1, b: 2 } },
+          { jsonrpc: "1.0", id: 200, method: "add", params: { a: 3, b: 4 } },
+        ]
+
+        assert @response.is_a?(Array)
+        assert_equal [100, 200], @response.map { |result| result[:id] }
+        assert_equal 3, @response.first[:result]
+        assert_equal(-32600, @response.last.dig(:error, :code))
+      end
     end
 
     # 7 Examples
@@ -756,10 +828,11 @@
       assert_nil @response
     end
 
-    it "returns an error with the id set to nil when the request is invalid" do
+    it "returns an error preserving the request id when the request is invalid" do
       handle_json({ jsonrpc: "0.0", id: 1, method: "add", params: { a: 1, b: 2 } }.to_json)
 
-      assert_nil @response[:id]
+      assert_equal 1, @response[:id]
+      assert_equal(-32600, @response.dig(:error, :code))
     end
   end