UPGRADING

PHP 8.5 UPGRADE NOTES

1. Backward Incompatible Changes
2. New Features
3. Changes in SAPI modules
4. Deprecated Functionality
5. Changed Functions
6. New Functions
7. New Classes and Interfaces
8. Removed Extensions and SAPIs
9. Other Changes to Extensions
10. New Global Constants
11. Changes to INI File Handling
12. Windows Support
13. Other Changes
14. Performance Improvements

========================================
1. Backward Incompatible Changes
========================================

- BZ2:
  . bzcompress() now throws a ValueError when $block_size is not between
    1 and 9.
  . bzcompress() now throws a ValueError when $work_factor is not between
    0 and 250.

- Core:
  . It is no longer possible to use "array" and "callable" as class alias names
    in class_alias().
  . Loosely comparing uncomparable objects (e.g. enums, \CurlHandle and other
    internal classes) to booleans was previously inconsistent. If compared to a
    boolean literal $object == true, it would behave the same way as (bool)
    $object. If compared to a statically unknown value $object == $true, it
    would always return false. This behavior was consolidated to always follow
    the behavior of (bool) $object.
  . The return value of gc_collect_cycles() no longer includes strings and
    resources that were indirectly collected through cycles.
  . It is now allowed to substitute static with self or the concrete class name
    in final subclasses.
  . The tick handlers are now deactivated after all shutdown functions, destructors
    have run and the output handlers have been cleaned up.
    This is a consequence of fixing GH-18033.
  . Traits are now bound before the parent class. This is a subtle behavioral
    change, but should closer match user expectations, demonstrated by GH-15753
    and GH-16198.

- FileInfo:
  . finfo_file() and finfo::file() now throws a ValueError instead of a
    TypeError when $filename contains nul bytes.
    This aligns the type of Error thrown to be consistent with the rest of
    the language.

- Intl:
  . The extension now requires at least ICU 57.1.
  . The behaviour of Collator::SORT_REGULAR with respect to handling numeric
    strings is now aligned with the behaviour of SORT_REGULAR in ext/standard.
    This is a consequence of fixing bug GH-18566.

- LDAP:
  . ldap_get_option() and ldap_set_option() now throw a ValueError when
    passing an invalid option.

- MySQLi:
  . Calling the mysqli constructor on an already-constructed object
    is now no longer possible and throws an Error.

- PCNTL:
  . pcntl_exec() now throws ValueErrors when entries of the $args parameter
    contain null bytes.
  . pcntl_exec() now throws ValueErrors when entries or keys of the
    $env_vars parameter contain null bytes.

- PCRE:
  . The extension is compiled without semi-deprecated
    PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_LOOKAROUND_BSK compile option.
    https://github.com/PCRE2Project/pcre2/issues/736#issuecomment-2754024651

- PDO:
  . The constructor arguments set in conjunction with PDO::FETCH_CLASS now
    follow the usual CUFA (call_user_func_array) semantics.
    This means string keys will act like a named argument.
    Moreover, automatic wrapping for by-value arguments passed to a by-ref
    parameter has been removed, and the usual E_WARNING about this is now
    emitted.
    To pass a variable by-ref to a constructor argument use the general
    array value reference assignment: $ctor_args = [&$valByRef]
  . Attempting to call PDOStatement::setFetchMode during a call to PDO::fetch(),
    PDO::fetchObject(), PDO::fetchAll(),
    for example using tricks such as passing the statement object as a constructor
    argument when fetching into an object, will now throw an Error.
  . The value of the constants PDO::FETCH_GROUP, PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE,
    PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE, PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE, and PDO::FETCH_SERIALIZE
    has changed.
  . A ValueError is now thrown if PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE is used with a fetch
    mode different than PDO::FETCH_CLASS, consistent with other fetch flags.
  . A ValueError is now thrown if PDO::FETCH_INTO is used as a fetch mode in
    PDO::fetchAll(), similar to PDO::FETCH_LAZY.

- PDO_FIREBIRD:
  . A ValueError is now thrown when trying to set a cursor name that is too
    long on a PDOStatement resulting from the Firebird driver.

- Session:
  . Attempting to write session data where $_SESSION has a key containing
    the pipe character will now emit a warning instead of silently failing.

- SimpleXML:
  . Passing an XPath expression that returns something other than a node set
    to SimpleXMLElement::xpath() will now emit a warning and return false,
    instead of silently failing and returning an empty array.

- SPL:
  . ArrayObject no longer accepts enums, as modifying the $name or $value
    properties can break engine assumptions.
  . SplFileObject::fwrite's parameter $length is now nullable. The default
    value changed from 0 to null.

========================================
2. New Features
========================================

- Core:
  . Closure is now a proper subtype of callable
  . Added support for Closures and first class callables in constant
    expressions.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/closures_in_const_expr
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/fcc_in_const_expr
  . Fatal Errors (such as an exceeded maximum execution time) now include a
    backtrace.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/error_backtraces_v2
  . Added the #[\NoDiscard] attribute to indicate that a function's return
    value is important and should be consumed.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/marking_return_value_as_important
  . Added the (void) cast to indicate that not using a value is intentional.
    The (void) cast has no effect on the program's execution by itself, but
    it can be used to suppress warnings emitted by #[\NoDiscard] and possibly
    also diagnostics emitted by external IDEs or static analysis tools.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/marking_return_value_as_important
  . Added asymmetric visibility support for static properties.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/static-aviz
  . Added support for casts in constant expressions.
  . Added support for attributes on compile-time non-class constants.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/attributes-on-constants
  . The #[\Deprecated] attribute can now be used on constants.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/attributes-on-constants

- Curl:
  . Added support for share handles that are persisted across multiple PHP
    requests, safely allowing for more effective connection reuse.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/curl_share_persistence_improvement
  . Added support for CURLINFO_USED_PROXY (libcurl >= 8.7.0),
    CURLINFO_HTTPAUTH_USED, and CURLINFO_PROXYAUTH_USED
    (libcurl >= 8.12.0) to the curl_getinfo() function.
    When curl_getinfo() returns an array, the same information
    is available as "used_proxy", "httpauth_used", and "proxyauth_used"
    keys.
    CURLINFO_USED_PROXY gets zero set if no proxy was used in the
    previous transfer or a non-zero value if a proxy was used.
    CURLINFO_HTTPAUTH_USED and CURLINFO_PROXYAUTH_USED get bitmasks
    indicating the http and proxy authentication methods that were
    used in the previous request. See CURLAUTH_* constants for
    possible values.
  . Added CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE Curl option, which is a safe
    replacement for CURLOPT_INFILESIZE. On certain systems,
    CURLOPT_INFILESIZE only accepts a 32-bit signed integer as the file
    size (2.0 GiB) even on 64-bit systems. CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE
    accepts the largest integer value the system can handle.
  . Added CURLFOLLOW_OBEYCODE, CURLFOLLOW_FIRSTONLY and CURLFOLLOW_ALL values for
    CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION curl_easy_setopt option.
    CURLFOLLOW_OBEYCODE to follow more strictly in regard of redirect
    if they are allowed. CURLFOLLOW_FIRSTONLY to follow only the
    first redirect thus if there any follow up redirect, it won't go
    any further. CURLFOLLOW_ALL is equivalent to set CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION
    to true.

- DOM:
  . Added Dom\Element::$outerHTML.

- EXIF:
  . Add OffsetTime* Exif tags.

- Intl:
  . Added class constants NumberFormatter::CURRENCY_ISO,
    NumberFormatter::CURRENCY_PLURAL, NumberFormatter::CASH_CURRENCY,
    and NumberFormatter::CURRENCY_STANDARD for various currency-related
    number formats.
  . Added Locale::addLikelySubtags and Locale::minimizeSubtags to
    handle likely tags on a given locale.
  . Added IntlListFormatter class to format, order, punctuates
    a list of items with a given locale, IntlListFormatter::TYPE_AND,
    IntlListFormatter::TYPE_OR, IntlListFormatter::TYPE_UNITS operands and
    IntlListFormatter::WIDTH_WIDE, IntlListFormatter::WIDTH_SHORT and
    IntlListFormatter::WIDTH_NARROW widths.
    It is supported from icu 67.

- XSL:
  . The $namespace argument of XSLTProcessor::getParameter(),
    XSLTProcessor::setParameter() and XSLTProcessor::removeParameter()
    now actually works instead of being treated as empty.
    This only works if the $name argument does not use Clark notation
    and is not a QName because in those cases the namespace is taken
    from the namespace href or prefix respectively.

- Zlib:
  . flock() is now supported on zlib streams. Previously, this always
    failed to perform any locking action.

========================================
3. Changes in SAPI modules
========================================

- CLI:
  . Trying to set a process title that is too long with cli_set_process_title()
    will now fail instead of silently truncating the given title.
  . Added a new --ini=diff option to print INI settings changed from the builtin
    default.

- FPM:
  . FPM with httpd ProxyPass decodes the full script path. Added
    fastcgi.script_path_encoded INI setting to prevent this new behavior.

========================================
4. Deprecated Functionality
========================================

- Hash:
  . The MHASH_* constants have been deprecated.  These have been overlooked
    when the mhash*() function family has been deprecated per
    https://wiki.php.net/rfc/deprecations_php_8_1#mhash_function_family

========================================
5. Changed Functions
========================================

- Intl:
  . IntlDateFormatter::setTimeZone()/datefmt_set_timezone()
    throws an IntlException on uninitialised classes/clone failures.
  . grapheme_extract() properly assigns $next value when skipping over
    invalid starting bytes. Previously there were cases where it would
    point to the start of the grapheme boundary instead of the end.
  . Locale:: methods throw a ValueError when locale inputs contain null
    bytes.
  . transliterator_get_error_code(), transliterator_get_error_message()
    TransLiterator::getErrorCode(), and TransLiterator::getErrorMessage()
    have dropped the false from the return type union. Returning false
    was actually never possible.

- LDAP:
  . ldap_get_option() now accept a NULL connection, as ldap_set_option(),
    to allow retrieval of global options.

- libxml:
  . libxml_set_external_entity_loader() now has a formal return type of true.

- PCNTL:
  . pcntl_exec() now has a formal return type of false.

- PDO_PGSQL:
  . PDO::pgsqlCopyFromArray also supports inputs as Iterable.
  . Pdo\Pgsql::setAttribute and Pdo\Pgsql::prepare supports
    PDO::ATTR_PREFETCH sets to 0 which set to lazy fetch mode.
    In this mode, statements cannot be run parallely.

- PDO_SQLITE:
  . SQLite PDO::quote() will now throw an exception or emit a warning,
    depending on the error mode, if the string contains a null byte.

- PGSQL:
  . pg_copy_from also supports inputs as Iterable.
  . pg_connect checks if the connection_string argument contains
    any null byte.
  . pg_close_stmt checks if the statement_name argument contains
    any null byte.

- POSIX:
  . posix_ttyname sets last_error to EBADF when encountering
    an invalid file descriptor.
  . posix_isatty raises an E_WARNING message when encountering
    an invalid file descriptor.
  . posix_fpathconf checks invalid file descriptors and sets
    last_error to EBADF and raises an E_WARNING message.

- Reflection:
  . The output of ReflectionClass::toString() for enums has changed to
    better indicate that the class is an enum, and that the enum cases
    are enum cases rather than normal class constants.

- Session:
  . session_start is stricter in regard of the option argument.
    It throws a ValueError if the whole is not a hashmap or
    a TypeError if read_on_close value is not a valid type
    compatible with int.

- SNMP:
  . snmpget, snmpset, snmp_get2, snmp_set2, snmp_get3, snmp_set3
    and SNMP::__construct() throw a ValueError when the hostname
    is too large, contains any null byte or if the port is given
    when negative or greater than 65535, timeout and retries values
    are lower than -1 or too large.

- Sockets:
  . socket_create_listen, socket_bind and socket_sendto throw a
    ValueError if the port is lower than 0 or greater than 65535,
    also if any of the hints array entry is indexes numerically.
  . socket_addrinfo_lookup throws a TypeError if any of the hints
    values cannot be cast to a int and can throw a ValueError if
    any of these values overflow.
  . socket_set_option with MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP/MCAST_LEAVE_SOURCE_GROUP
    options will throw an exception if the value isn't a valid object
    or array.
  . socket_create/socket_bind can create AF_PACKET family sockets.
  . socket_getsockname gets the interface index and its string
    representation with AF_PACKET socket.

- Zlib:
  . The "use_include_path" argument for the
    gzfile, gzopen and readgzfile functions had been changed
    from int to boolean.
  . gzfile, gzopen and readgzfile functions now respect the default
    stream context.

========================================
6. New Functions
========================================

- Core:
  . get_error_handler() allows retrieving the current user-defined error handler
    function.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/get-error-exception-handler
  . get_exception_handler() allows retrieving the current user-defined exception
    handler function.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/get-error-exception-handler

- Curl:
  . curl_multi_get_handles() allows retrieving all CurlHandles current
    attached to a CurlMultiHandle. This includes both handles added using
    curl_multi_add_handle() and handles accepted by CURLMOPT_PUSHFUNCTION.
  . curl_share_init_persistent() allows creating a share handle that is
    persisted across multiple PHP requests.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/curl_share_persistence_improvement

- DOM:
  . Added Dom\Element::insertAdjacentHTML().

- Enchant:
  . Added enchant_dict_remove_from_session() to remove a word added to the
    spellcheck session via enchant_dict_add_to_session().
  . Added enchant_dict_remove() to put a word on the exclusion list and
    remove it from the session dictionary.

- Intl:
  . Added locale_is_right_to_left/Locale::isRightToLeft, returns true if
    the locale is written right to left (after its enrichment with likely subtags).
  . Added grapheme_levenshtein() function.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/grapheme_levenshtein

- Pdo\Sqlite:
  . Added support for Pdo\Sqlite::setAuthorizer(), which is the equivalent of
    SQLite3::setAuthorizer(). The only interface difference is that the
    pdo version returns void.

- PGSQL:
  . pg_close_stmt offers an alternative way to close a prepared
    statement from the DEALLOCATE sql command in that we can reuse
    its name afterwards.
  . pg_service returns the ongoing service name of the connection.

- Reflection:
  . ReflectionConstant::getFileName() was introduced.
  . ReflectionConstant::getExtension() and
    ReflectionConstant::getExtensionName() were introduced.
  . ReflectionConstant::getAttributes() was introduced.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/attributes-on-constants

- Standard:
  . Added array_first() and array_last().
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/array_first_last

========================================
7. New Classes and Interfaces
========================================

- Curl:
  . CurlSharePersistentHandle representing a share handle that is persisted
    across multiple PHP requests.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/curl_share_persistence_improvement

========================================
8. Removed Extensions and SAPIs
========================================

========================================
9. Other Changes to Extensions
========================================

- Curl:
  . curl_easy_setopt with CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION option's value no longer
    is treated as boolean but integer to handle CURLFOLLOW_OBEYCODE and
    CURLFOLLOW_FIRSTONLY.

- Fileinfo:
  . Upgraded to file 5.46.
  . The return type of finfo_close() has been changed to true, rather
    than bool.

- Lexbor:
  . An always enabled lexbor extension is added. It contains the lexbor
    library that was separated from ext/dom for being reused among other
    extensions. The new extension is not directly exposed to userland.

- PCRE:
  . Upgraded to pcre2lib from 10.44 to 10.45.

- Readline:
  . The return types of readline_add_history(), readline_clear_history(), and
    readline_callback_handler_install() have been changed to true, rather
    than bool.

========================================
10. New Global Constants
========================================

- Core:
  . PHP_BUILD_DATE.

- Curl:
  . CURLINFO_USED_PROXY.
  . CURLINFO_HTTPAUTH_USED.
  . CURLINFO_PROXYAUTH_USED.
  . CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE.
  . CURLFOLLOW_ALL.
  . CURLFOLLOW_OBEYCODE.
  . CURLFOLLOW_FIRSTONLY.

- Intl:
  . DECIMAL_COMPACT_SHORT.
  . DECIMAL_COMPACT_LONG.

- POSIX:
  . POSIX_SC_OPEN_MAX.

- Sockets:
  . IPPROTO_ICMP/IPPROTO_ICMPV6.
  . TCP_FUNCTION_BLK (FreeBSD only).
  . TCP_FUNCTION_ALIAS (FreeBSD only).
  . TCP_REUSPORT_LB_NUMA (FreeBSD only).
  . TCP_REUSPORT_LB_NUMA_NODOM (FreeBSD only).
  . TCP_REUSPORT_LB_NUMA_CURDOM (FreeBSD only).
  . TCP_BBR_ALGORITHM (FreeBSD only).
  . AF_PACKET (Linux only).
  . IP_BINDANY (FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD only).
  . SO_BUSY_POLL (Linux only).
  . UDP_SEGMENT (Linux only).
  - SHUT_RD.
  - SHUT_WR.
  - SHUT_RDWR.

========================================
11. Changes to INI File Handling
========================================

- Core:
  . Added fatal_error_backtraces to control whether fatal errors should include
    a backtrace.
    RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/error_backtraces_v2

- Opcache:
  . Added opcache.file_cache_read_only to support a read-only
    opcache.file_cache directory, for use with read-only file systems
    (e.g. read-only Docker containers).
    Best used with opcache.validate_timestamps=0,
    opcache.enable_file_override=1,
    and opcache.file_cache_consistency_checks=0.
    Note: A cache generated with a different build of PHP, a different file
    path, or different settings (including which extensions are loaded), may be
    ignored.
  . The default value of opcache.jit_hot_loop is now 61 (a prime) to prevent it
    from being a multiple of loop iteration counts.
    It is recommended that this parameter is set to a prime number.

========================================
12. Windows Support
========================================

* The configuration variables PHP_VERSION, PHP_MINOR_VERSION, and
  PHP_RELEASE_VERSION are now always numbers.  Previously, they have been
  strings for buildconf builds.

* phpize builds now reflect the source tree in the build dir (like that already
  worked for in-tree builds); some extension builds (especially when using
  Makefile.frag.w32) may need adjustments.

* --enable-sanitizer is now supported for MSVC builds.  This enables ASan and
  debug assertions, and is supported as of MSVC 16.10 and Windows 10.

* The --with-uncritical-warn-choke configuration option for clang builds is
  no longer supported.  Select warnings to suppress via CFLAGS instead.

* COM:
  . The extension is now build shared by default; previously it defaulted to a
    static extension, although the official Windows binaries built a shared
    extension.

* FFI:
  . It is no longer necessary to specify the library when using FFI::cdef()
    and FFI::load(). However, this convenience feature should not be used in
    production.

* Streams:
  . If only pipe streams are contained in the $read array, and the $write and
    $except arrays are empty, stream_select() now behaves similar to POSIX
    systems, i.e. the function only returns if at least one pipe is ready to be
    read, or after the timeout expires.  Previously, stream_select() returned
    immediately, reporting all streams as ready to read.

========================================
13. Other Changes
========================================

- Core:
  . The high resolution timer (`hrtime()`) on macOS now uses the recommended
    `clock_gettime_nsec_np(CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW)` API instead of
    `mach_absolute_time()`.

- CLI/CGI:
  . The `-z` or `--zend-extension` option has been removed as it was
    non-functional. Use `-d zend_extension=<path>` instead.

========================================
14. Performance Improvements
========================================

- Core:
  . Remove OPcodes for identity comparisons against booleans, particularly
    for the match(true) pattern.
  . Add OPcode specialization for `=== []` and `!== []` comparisons.
  . Creating exception objects is now much faster.
  . The parts of the code that used SSE2 have been adapted to use SIMD
    with ARM NEON as well.

- Intl:
  . Now avoids creating extra string copies when converting strings
    for use in the collator.

MBString:
  . The parts of the code that used SSE2 have been adapted to use SIMD
    with ARM NEON as well.

- ReflectionProperty:
  . Improved performance of the following methods: getValue(), getRawValue(),
    isInitialized(), setValue(), setRawValue().

- SPL:
  . Improved performance of dimension accessors and methods of SplFixedArray.

- Standard:
  . Improved performance of array functions with callbacks
    (array_find, array_filter, array_map, usort, ...).
  . Improved performance of urlencode() and rawurlencode().

- XMLReader:
  . Improved property access performance.

- XMLWriter:
  . Improved performance and reduce memory consumption.