diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsed.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsed.java
index fd0f5ede3..0cc69d9c9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsed.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsed.java
@@ -41,12 +41,14 @@ public class AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsed extends Recipe {
     final String displayName = "Adds Mockito extensions to Mockito tests";
 
     @Getter
-    final String description = "Adds `@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)` to tests using `@Mock` or `@Captor`.";
+    final String description = "Adds `@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)` to JUnit 5 tests or " +
+            "`@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)` to JUnit 4 tests using Mockito annotations like `@Mock` or `@Captor`.";
 
     @Override
     public TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> getVisitor() {
 
         TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> hasExtendedWithAnnotation = new FindAnnotations("org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith(org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension.class)", false).getVisitor();
+        TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> hasRunWithAnnotation = new FindAnnotations("org.junit.runner.RunWith", false).getVisitor();
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext>[] hasAnyMockitoAnnotation = new TreeVisitor[]{
                 // see https://www.baeldung.com/mockito-annotations for examples
@@ -57,16 +59,23 @@ public TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> getVisitor() {
         };
 
         return check(and(new IsLikelyTest().getVisitor(),
-                        // check to only migrate JUnit 5 tests
-                        new FindTypes("org.junit.jupiter..*", false).getVisitor(),
-                        // prevent addition if present
-                        not(hasExtendedWithAnnotation),
-                        or(hasAnyMockitoAnnotation)),
+                        or(hasAnyMockitoAnnotation),
+                        or(
+                                // JUnit 5: has JUnit 5 types and no @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+                                and(new FindTypes("org.junit.jupiter..*", false).getVisitor(),
+                                        not(hasExtendedWithAnnotation)),
+                                // JUnit 4: has @org.junit.Test, no @RunWith
+                                and(new FindAnnotations("org.junit.Test", false).getVisitor(),
+                                        not(hasRunWithAnnotation))
+                        )),
                 new TreeVisitor<Tree, ExecutionContext>() {
                     @Override
                     public @Nullable Tree preVisit(Tree tree, ExecutionContext ctx) {
                         stopAfterPreVisit();
                         if (tree instanceof J.CompilationUnit) {
+                            if (!FindAnnotations.find((J) tree, "@org.junit.Test").isEmpty()) {
+                                return getJunit4JavaVisitor().visit(tree, ctx);
+                            }
                             return getJavaVisitor().visit(tree, ctx);
                         }
                         if (tree instanceof K.CompilationUnit) {
@@ -94,6 +103,23 @@ public J.ClassDeclaration visitClassDeclaration(J.ClassDeclaration classDecl, Ex
         };
     }
 
+    private JavaIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext> getJunit4JavaVisitor() {
+        return new JavaIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext>() {
+            @Override
+            public J.ClassDeclaration visitClassDeclaration(J.ClassDeclaration classDecl, ExecutionContext ctx) {
+                maybeAddImport("org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner");
+                maybeAddImport("org.junit.runner.RunWith");
+
+                return JavaTemplate.builder("@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)")
+                        .imports("org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner")
+                        .imports("org.junit.runner.RunWith")
+                        .javaParser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion().classpathFromResources(ctx, "junit-4", "mockito-core"))
+                        .build()
+                        .apply(getCursor(), classDecl.getCoordinates().addAnnotation(comparing(J.Annotation::getSimpleName)));
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
     private KotlinIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext> getKotlinVisitor() {
         return new KotlinIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext>() {
             @Override
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsedTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsedTest.java
index f9af500aa..877d203d6 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsedTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/mockito/AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsedTest.java
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsedTest implements RewriteTest {
     public void defaults(RecipeSpec spec) {
         spec.recipe(new AddMockitoExtensionIfAnnotationsUsed())
           .parser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion()
-            .classpathFromResources(new InMemoryExecutionContext(), "junit-jupiter-api", "mockito-junit-jupiter", "mockito-core")
+            .classpathFromResources(new InMemoryExecutionContext(), "junit-4", "junit-jupiter-api", "mockito-junit-jupiter", "mockito-core")
             .dependsOn("public class Service {}"))
           .parser(KotlinParser.builder()
             .classpathFromResources(new InMemoryExecutionContext(), "junit-jupiter-api", "mockito-junit-jupiter", "mockito-core")
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public void defaults(RecipeSpec spec) {
 
     @DocumentExample
     @Test
-    void addForMock() {
+    void addForMockWithJUnit5() {
         rewriteRun(
           //language=java
           java(
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ void test() {}
     }
 
     @Test
-    void addForCaptor() {
+    void addForCaptorWithJUnit5() {
         rewriteRun(
           //language=java
           java(
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ void test() {}
     }
 
     @Test
-    void dontAddIfPresent() {
+    void doNotAddIfPresentWithJUnit5() {
         rewriteRun(
           //language=java
           java(
@@ -133,21 +133,56 @@ class Test {
     }
 
     @Test
-    void dontAddIfJunit4() {
+    void addForMockWithJUnit4() {
         rewriteRun(
           //language=java
           java(
             """
               import org.junit.Test;
-              import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
               import org.mockito.Mock;
-              import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
 
-              class Test {
+              public class MyTest {
                   @Mock
                   Service service;
                   @Test
-                  void test() {}
+                  public void test() {}
+              }
+              """,
+            """
+              import org.junit.Test;
+              import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+              import org.mockito.Mock;
+              import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
+
+              @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
+              public class MyTest {
+                  @Mock
+                  Service service;
+                  @Test
+                  public void test() {}
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void doNotAddIfPresentWithJUnit4() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          //language=java
+          java(
+            """
+              import org.junit.Test;
+              import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+              import org.mockito.Mock;
+              import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
+
+              @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
+              public class MyTest {
+                  @Mock
+                  Service service;
+                  @Test
+                  public void test() {}
               }
               """
           )
@@ -155,7 +190,30 @@ void test() {}
     }
 
     @Test
-    void notInferWithExistingAnnotations() {
+    void doNotAddIfOtherRunnerPresentWithJUnit4() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          //language=java
+          java(
+            """
+              import org.junit.Test;
+              import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+              import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+              import org.mockito.Mock;
+
+              @RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+              public class MyTest {
+                  @Mock
+                  Service service;
+                  @Test
+                  public void test() {}
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void addWithExistingAnnotationsWithJUnit5() {
         rewriteRun(
           //language=java
           java(
@@ -193,7 +251,7 @@ void test() {}
     }
 
     @Test
-    void dontAddIfPresentInKotlin() {
+    void doNotAddIfPresentInKotlinWithJUnit5() {
         rewriteRun(
           spec -> spec.parser(KotlinParser.builder()
             .classpathFromResources(new InMemoryExecutionContext(), "junit-jupiter-api", "mockito-junit-jupiter", "mockito-core")),
@@ -219,9 +277,9 @@ fun test() {}
     }
 
     @Test
-    void addForMockKotlin() {
+    void addForMockKotlinWithJUnit5() {
         rewriteRun(
-          //language=java
+          //language=kotlin
           kotlin(
             """
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test