This document provides practical examples of LLM.lang code to demonstrate the language's features and syntax.
A simple "Hello, World!" program in LLM.lang:
context MainProgram {
fn main() {
print("Hello, World!");
}
}
Examples of variable declarations and type usage:
context VariableExamples {
// Static typing
Int count = 10;
String message = "Hello, LLM.lang";
Bool isActive = true;
// Dynamic typing
var data = fetchData();
var result = processInput(data);
// Semantic typing
~EmailAddress~ userEmail = "user@example.com";
~PhoneNumber~ contactNumber = "555-123-4567";
// Probabilistic typing
prob<Image> maybeImage = processUpload();
prob<Number> approximateValue = estimateResult();
}
Different ways to define and use functions:
context FunctionExamples {
// Traditional function syntax
fn add(Int a, Int b) -> Int {
return a + b;
}
// Function with type inference
fn multiply(a, b) {
return a * b;
}
// Natural language function definition
define "calculate the average of a list of numbers" as (numbers) {
var sum = 0;
for (num in numbers) {
sum += num;
}
return sum / numbers.length;
}
// Function with semantic parameters
fn sendEmail(~EmailAddress~ recipient, ~EmailSubject~ subject, ~EmailBody~ body) {
// Implementation
}
// Function with contextual awareness
fn processWithContext() {
@remember currentState = "processing";
// Some processing
doSomething();
// Later in the function
if (@recall == "processing") {
// Continue processing
}
}
}
Examples of control flow structures:
context ControlFlowExamples {
fn traditionalControlFlow(Int value) {
// If-else statement
if (value > 10) {
print("Value is greater than 10");
} else if (value < 0) {
print("Value is negative");
} else {
print("Value is between 0 and 10");
}
// For loop
for (i in 1..10) {
print(i);
}
// While loop
while (condition()) {
// Do something
}
}
fn patternBasedControl(Int value) {
// Pattern-based conditional
when {
value > 100 => print("Very large");
value > 50 => print("Large");
value > 10 => print("Medium");
value > 0 => print("Small");
otherwise => print("Zero or negative");
}
}
fn parallelExecution() {
// Execute multiple approaches in parallel
parallel {
path1: {
// First approach to solve problem
sortWithQuicksort(data);
}
path2: {
// Second approach to solve problem
sortWithMergesort(data);
}
} select fastest;
}
}
Examples of contextual awareness features:
context ContextualAwarenessExamples {
fn demonstrateContextWindows() {
// Define a context
with context {
var localVar = "only visible here";
doSomething();
}
// Context with a name
with context "authentication" {
var user = authenticateUser();
var token = generateToken();
}
// Later, reuse the named context
within "authentication" {
// Has access to user and token
validateToken(token);
}
}
fn demonstrateSemanticTokens() {
// Remember a value
@remember userData = fetchUserProfile();
// Do other operations
processOtherData();
// Later, recall the value without explicit reference
var profile = @recall; // Retrieves userData
// Remember with a specific key
@remember("config") appConfiguration = loadConfig();
// Later, recall with the key
var config = @recall("config");
}
}
Examples of pattern-based programming:
context PatternExamples {
fn demonstrateExampleDrivenDevelopment() {
// Define a sort function by examples
examples for sortNumbers {
[3, 1, 4, 1, 5] -> [1, 1, 3, 4, 5];
[9, 2, 6] -> [2, 6, 9];
[] -> [];
}
// Use the defined function
var sorted = sortNumbers([5, 2, 8, 1]);
// Define a text transformation by examples
examples for formatName {
"john smith" -> "John Smith";
"JANE DOE" -> "Jane Doe";
}
}
fn demonstrateTransformationRules() {
// Text transformation
transform text matching /hello (.*)/ into "greeting to $1";
// Data transformation
transform json {
"user": { "firstName": $first, "lastName": $last }
} into {
"name": "$first $last",
"type": "user"
};
// Code transformation
transform code matching {
for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
process(array[i]);
}
} into {
array.forEach(item => process(item));
};
}
}
Examples of natural language integration:
context NaturalLanguageExamples {
fn demonstrateDualSyntax() {
// Natural language query
var users = #"Find all users who signed up in the last 7 days"#;
// Natural language with parameters
var report = #"Generate a sales report for $region from $startDate to $endDate"#
with {
region: "North America",
startDate: "2025-01-01",
endDate: "2025-03-31"
};
}
fn demonstrateIntentBasedProgramming() {
// Declare an intent
intent: create a user registration form;
// Intent with constraints
intent: optimize database queries for performance
with constraints {
maxMemoryUsage: "500MB",
responseTime: "<100ms"
};
}
}
Examples of parallel thought processes:
context ParallelThoughtExamples {
fn demonstrateMultiThreadedReasoning() {
// Solve a problem with multiple approaches
solve problem findOptimalRoute(start, end) {
approach1: {
// Use Dijkstra's algorithm
return dijkstra(graph, start, end);
}
approach2: {
// Use A* algorithm
return aStar(graph, start, end);
}
approach3: {
// Use Bellman-Ford algorithm
return bellmanFord(graph, start, end);
}
} using most_efficient;
}
fn demonstrateAttentionMechanisms() {
// Focus on specific aspects
focus on security {
validateInput(data);
sanitizeData(data);
encryptSensitiveFields(data);
}
// Focus on multiple aspects with priorities
focus {
primary: performance {
optimizeQueries();
}
secondary: readability {
addDocumentation();
}
}
}
fn demonstrateThoughtStreams() {
// Process data with multiple thought streams
stream {
path1: analyzeStatisticalPatterns(data);
path2: identifyOutliers(data);
path3: visualizeDistribution(data);
} merge results as analysis;
}
}
Examples of self-modifying capabilities:
context SelfModifyingExamples {
fn demonstrateDynamicGrammar() {
// Extend syntax with new operators
extend syntax {
define operator "==>" as function_pipe;
define operator "<?>" as optional_chaining;
}
// Use the new operators
data ==> process ==> analyze; // Equivalent to analyze(process(data))
user<?>.profile<?>.image; // Safe navigation
}
fn demonstrateMetaProgramming() {
// Generate a class
generate class {
name: "UserManager",
properties: ["id", "name", "email"],
methods: ["create", "read", "update", "delete"]
};
// Generate a function based on specification
generate function {
name: "validateInput",
parameters: ["data"],
checks: ["notNull", "validFormat", "noSQLInjection"],
returnType: "ValidationResult"
};
}
fn demonstrateThoughtVectors() {
// Embed a concept as a vector
vector securityConcept = embed("secure password hashing");
// Apply the concept to code
apply securityConcept to {
fn hashPassword(password) {
// The implementation will incorporate secure password hashing practices
}
};
// Combine concept vectors
vector combinedConcept = embed("database optimization") +
embed("query caching") * 0.8;
// Apply the combined concept
apply combinedConcept to {
fn executeQuery(query) {
// Implementation will incorporate database optimization and query caching
}
};
}
}
Examples of error handling:
context ErrorHandlingExamples {
fn demonstrateTraditionalErrorHandling() {
// Try-catch block
try {
riskyOperation();
} catch (Error e) {
handleError(e);
} finally {
cleanup();
}
}
fn demonstrateProbabilisticErrorHandling() {
// Uncertain block with alternatives
uncertain {
result = parseUserInput();
} alternatives {
// Try different approaches if the primary fails
result = inferUserIntent();
result = useDefaultValue();
} probability threshold 0.7;
}
fn demonstrateSelfHealingCode() {
// Code with automatic error correction
with auto_repair {
data = processLargeDataset();
analysis = complexAnalysis(data);
} repair strategy {
// Define how repairs should be attempted
retry: 3,
backoff: exponential,
fallback: useCache
};
}
}
Examples of interoperability with other languages:
context InteroperabilityExamples {
fn demonstratePythonInterop() {
// Import Python modules
from python import numpy as np;
from python import pandas as pd;
// Use Python code
var array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
var mean = np.mean(array);
// Create a pandas DataFrame
var df = pd.DataFrame({
"A": [1, 2, 3],
"B": [4, 5, 6]
});
}
fn demonstrateJavaScriptInterop() {
// Execute JavaScript code
js {
const element = document.getElementById("app");
element.innerHTML = "<h1>Hello from LLM.lang</h1>";
// Add an event listener
element.addEventListener("click", () => {
console.log("Element clicked");
});
}
}
fn demonstrateSQLInterop() {
// Embed SQL
var users = sql {
SELECT id, name, email
FROM users
WHERE signup_date > $date
ORDER BY name ASC
} with { date: "2025-01-01" };
}
}
A more complete example showing a simple web application:
context WebApplication {
// Application configuration
@remember config = {
"port": 3000,
"database": "users.db",
"logLevel": "info"
};
// Define data model using semantic types
type ~User~ {
~UserId~ id;
~PersonName~ name;
~EmailAddress~ email;
~Password~ passwordHash;
~Timestamp~ createdAt;
};
// Database operations
fn getUserById(~UserId~ id) -> prob<~User~> {
return sql {
SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $id
} with { id: id };
}
// Authentication logic
fn authenticateUser(~EmailAddress~ email, String password) -> prob<~User~> {
uncertain {
var user = sql { SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $email }
with { email: email };
if (verifyPassword(password, user.passwordHash)) {
return user;
} else {
throw new AuthenticationError("Invalid password");
}
} alternatives {
// Try alternative authentication methods
return authenticateWithOAuth(email);
} probability threshold 0.8;
}
// API endpoint using natural language
define #"Get user profile by ID"# as (id) {
focus on security {
validateInput(id);
}
var user = getUserById(id);
// Transform for API response
transform user into {
"id": user.id,
"name": user.name,
"email": user.email,
"joined": formatDate(user.createdAt)
};
}
// Server setup
fn startServer() {
// Use parallel execution for optimal performance
parallel {
path1: {
// Set up database connection
initializeDatabase(@recall("config").database);
}
path2: {
// Set up HTTP server
setupRoutes();
listenOnPort(@recall("config").port);
}
} select all;
print("Server started on port " + @recall("config").port);
}
// Main function
fn main() {
startServer();
}
}
These examples demonstrate the unique features and syntax of LLM.lang, showcasing how the language combines traditional programming constructs with LLM-specific capabilities to create a powerful and expressive programming experience.