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Native (C++) vs Python benchmark

Per-solve time of solve(native=True) (shipped _ssik_native C++ backend) vs solve(native=False) (annotated-Cython Python path), same reachable poses per arm (200 timed + 10 warm-up), bootstrap mean +/- 95% CI, respect_limits=False. Regenerate with uv run python scripts/bench_native.py.

  • Machine: macOS-26.6.2-arm64-arm-64bit-Mach-O / Python 3.13.3
  • Arms: 72 native | median speedup: 16.5x | range: 1.5x - 108.2x
  • Timing is machine-dependent; FK residuals are not. Solution sets are gated by tests/test_native_dispatch.py, not here.
Arm Python (ms) Native (ms) Speedup Native FK Sols
ur3e_ik 2.00 ± 0.12 0.019 ± 0.000 108.2x 1.2e-08 4
ur7e_ik 1.76 ± 0.12 0.018 ± 0.000 97.7x 1.2e-08 4
ur18_ik 1.58 ± 0.11 0.017 ± 0.000 95.5x 1.2e-08 4
ur5_ik 1.69 ± 0.13 0.018 ± 0.000 95.4x 1.2e-08 4
ur5e_ik 1.72 ± 0.12 0.018 ± 0.001 94.6x 1.2e-08 4
ur10e_ik 1.50 ± 0.11 0.016 ± 0.000 91.9x 1.2e-08 4
ur15_ik 1.50 ± 0.11 0.017 ± 0.000 89.9x 7.6e-11 4
ur16e_ik 1.58 ± 0.11 0.018 ± 0.001 88.3x 1.2e-08 4
ur12e_ik 1.53 ± 0.11 0.017 ± 0.000 87.9x 1.2e-08 4
ur30_ik 1.45 ± 0.11 0.018 ± 0.001 82.3x 1.2e-08 4
ur20_ik 1.40 ± 0.11 0.017 ± 0.001 82.2x 1.2e-08 4
z1_ik 1.32 ± 0.12 0.016 ± 0.000 81.7x 5.1e-15 4
cr5_ik 0.71 ± 0.05 0.012 ± 0.000 58.6x 3.2e-11 4
standardbots_core_ik 0.67 ± 0.06 0.012 ± 0.000 57.4x 1.0e-08 4
nova5_ik 0.69 ± 0.05 0.012 ± 0.000 57.4x 6.7e-08 4
standardbots_spark_ik 0.68 ± 0.06 0.012 ± 0.000 55.7x 8.3e-08 4
standardbots_thor_ik 0.62 ± 0.05 0.012 ± 0.000 51.6x 8.3e-09 4
j2s6s300_ik 0.36 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 28.4x 5.6e-08 8
fr3_ik 2.95 ± 0.08 0.117 ± 0.004 25.1x 6.0e-12 84
franka_panda_ik 2.94 ± 0.08 0.120 ± 0.004 24.4x 6.0e-12 84
openarm_right_ik 4.54 ± 0.02 0.194 ± 0.001 23.5x 3.3e-15 128
r1pro_right_ik 4.55 ± 0.02 0.195 ± 0.001 23.4x 3.7e-15 128
iiwa7_ik 4.69 ± 0.02 0.201 ± 0.001 23.4x 2.4e-13 128
openarm_left_ik 4.53 ± 0.02 0.195 ± 0.002 23.2x 2.6e-14 128
r1pro_left_ik 4.53 ± 0.02 0.198 ± 0.001 22.9x 3.6e-15 128
xmatepro7_ik 4.93 ± 0.02 0.220 ± 0.003 22.5x 1.0e-12 128
iiwa14_ik 4.80 ± 0.02 0.214 ± 0.001 22.4x 3.7e-14 128
xarm7_ik 7.26 ± 0.13 0.342 ± 0.003 21.2x 1.0e-10 96
kr210_r2700_ik 0.33 ± 0.00 0.017 ± 0.000 19.6x 4.0e-09 4
hh020_ik 0.26 ± 0.00 0.014 ± 0.000 18.3x 9.2e-08 8
rs007n_ik 0.22 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 17.5x 2.6e-09 8
puma560_ik 0.22 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 17.0x 8.9e-09 8
widowx250s_ik 0.22 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 16.9x 9.0e-09 8
fanuc_m710ic_ik 0.22 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 16.7x 8.9e-09 8
vs060_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 16.6x 2.5e-09 8
lrmate200id_ik 0.22 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 16.6x 2.5e-09 8
irb120_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 16.4x 8.9e-09 8
gp8_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 16.2x 8.9e-09 8
viperx300s_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.000 16.0x 2.6e-09 8
rv4fr_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.013 ± 0.001 15.6x 8.9e-09 8
rm75_ik 8.56 ± 0.12 0.557 ± 0.003 15.4x 1.0e-12 128
irb1600_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.014 ± 0.000 15.2x 2.5e-09 8
r2000ic210l_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.014 ± 0.000 15.1x 2.5e-09 8
irb6700_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.015 ± 0.001 14.0x 2.5e-09 8
gen72_ik 4.00 ± 0.02 0.292 ± 0.003 13.7x 1.0e-10 60
rx160_ik 0.21 ± 0.00 0.016 ± 0.001 13.3x 8.9e-09 4
rizon4_ik 15.69 ± 0.21 1.254 ± 0.018 12.5x 2.5e-10 42
kr6_r900_ik 0.20 ± 0.00 0.016 ± 0.000 12.4x 8.9e-09 4
rizon10_ik 16.04 ± 0.17 1.305 ± 0.017 12.3x 2.4e-09 40
gen3_ik 13.00 ± 0.11 1.493 ± 0.047 8.7x 1.0e-12 54
yumi_left_ik 15.44 ± 0.08 2.366 ± 0.027 6.5x 1.0e-12 67
yumi_right_ik 15.65 ± 0.38 2.405 ± 0.027 6.5x 1.0e-12 67
j2s7s300_ik 15.50 ± 0.21 2.425 ± 0.038 6.4x 9.9e-13 46
piper_ik 2.15 ± 1.28 0.407 ± 0.010 5.3x 5.0e-06 8
fanuc_crx10ia_ik 1.12 ± 0.14 0.389 ± 0.004 2.9x 2.3e-09 8
m0609_ik 1.15 ± 0.07 0.414 ± 0.007 2.8x 9.5e-06 8
fanuc_crx10ialp_ik 0.99 ± 0.02 0.376 ± 0.004 2.6x 1.1e-09 8
xmatecr7_ik 1.03 ± 0.11 0.393 ± 0.010 2.6x 7.9e-09 8
m1013_ik 1.06 ± 0.05 0.408 ± 0.005 2.6x 7.6e-06 8
fanuc_crx10ial_ik 0.99 ± 0.04 0.386 ± 0.004 2.6x 3.5e-09 8
jaco2_ik 0.90 ± 0.03 0.349 ± 0.011 2.6x 2.9e-09 7
yam_ik 1.03 ± 0.01 0.403 ± 0.004 2.6x 8.4e-07 8
xarm6_ik 1.14 ± 0.11 0.447 ± 0.007 2.6x 4.3e-09 8
fanuc_crx20ial_ik 0.93 ± 0.01 0.368 ± 0.003 2.5x 1.1e-09 8
big_yam_ik 1.04 ± 0.01 0.409 ± 0.003 2.5x 1.8e-08 8
gen3_lite_ik 0.92 ± 0.03 0.363 ± 0.010 2.5x 6.9e-09 6
fanuc_crx3ia_ik 0.99 ± 0.03 0.394 ± 0.004 2.5x 2.0e-09 8
fanuc_crx30ia_ik 0.94 ± 0.02 0.376 ± 0.004 2.5x 4.2e-07 8
fanuc_crx5ia_ik 0.97 ± 0.01 0.393 ± 0.004 2.5x 3.5e-08 8
xmatesr3_ik 0.79 ± 0.03 0.325 ± 0.011 2.4x 2.2e-09 6
hc10_ik 0.94 ± 0.02 0.403 ± 0.010 2.3x 2.3e-08 8
kassow_kr810_ik 17.18 ± 0.18 11.291 ± 1.154 1.5x 9.9e-08 31