diff --git a/src/Exercise/MockExercise.php b/src/Exercise/MockExercise.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8268785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Exercise/MockExercise.php
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise;
+
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseDispatcher;
+
+class MockExercise extends AbstractExercise implements ExerciseInterface
+{
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return 'Mock Exercise';
+    }
+
+    public function getDescription(): string
+    {
+        return 'Mock Exercise';
+    }
+
+    public function getType(): ExerciseType
+    {
+        return ExerciseType::CUSTOM();
+    }
+
+    public function getProblem(): string
+    {
+        return 'problem-file.md';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/ExecutionContext.php b/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/ExecutionContext.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce407aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/ExecutionContext.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseRunner\Context;
+
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\ExerciseInterface;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Input\Input;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Utils\Path;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Utils\System;
+
+class ExecutionContext
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private string $studentExecutionDirectory,
+        private string $referenceExecutionDirectory,
+        private ExerciseInterface $exercise,
+        private Input $input,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public static function fromInputAndExercise(Input $input, ExerciseInterface $exercise): ExecutionContext
+    {
+        $program = $input->hasArgument('program') ? dirname($input->getRequiredArgument('program')) : (string) getcwd();
+
+        return new self(
+            $program,
+            System::randomTempDir(),
+            $exercise,
+            $input
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function getExercise(): ExerciseInterface
+    {
+        return $this->exercise;
+    }
+
+    public function getInput(): Input
+    {
+        return $this->input;
+    }
+
+    public function hasStudentSolution(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->input->hasArgument('program');
+    }
+
+    public function getEntryPoint(): string
+    {
+        if (!$this->hasStudentSolution()) {
+            throw new NoEntryPoint();
+        }
+
+        return Path::join(
+            $this->studentExecutionDirectory,
+            basename($this->input->getRequiredArgument('program'))
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function getStudentExecutionDirectory(): string
+    {
+        return $this->studentExecutionDirectory;
+    }
+
+    public function getReferenceExecutionDirectory(): string
+    {
+        return $this->referenceExecutionDirectory;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/NoEntryPoint.php b/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/NoEntryPoint.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2480feb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/NoEntryPoint.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseRunner\Context;
+
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exception\RuntimeException;
+
+class NoEntryPoint extends RuntimeException
+{
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        parent::__construct('No entry point provided');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/TestContext.php b/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/TestContext.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5ceb0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ExerciseRunner/Context/TestContext.php
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseRunner\Context;
+
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exception\RuntimeException;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\CgiExercise;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\CliExercise;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\ExerciseInterface;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\MockExercise;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Input\Input;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Solution\SolutionInterface;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Utils\System;
+use Symfony\Component\Filesystem\Filesystem;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Utils\Path;
+
+class TestContext extends ExecutionContext
+{
+    private Filesystem $filesystem;
+    private ExerciseInterface $exercise;
+    private bool $studentSolutionDirWasCreated = false;
+    private bool $referenceSolutionDirWasCreated = false;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        ExerciseInterface $exercise = null,
+        Input $input = null,
+        string $studentDirectory = null,
+    ) {
+        $this->exercise = $exercise ?? new MockExercise();
+
+        $this->filesystem = new Filesystem();
+
+        if ($studentDirectory === null) {
+            $studentDirectory = System::randomTempDir();
+        }
+
+        parent::__construct(
+            $studentDirectory,
+            System::randomTempDir(),
+            $this->exercise,
+            $input ? $input : new Input('test', ['program' => 'solution.php']),
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function createStudentSolutionDirectory(): void
+    {
+        $this->filesystem->mkdir($this->getStudentExecutionDirectory());
+        $this->studentSolutionDirWasCreated = true;
+    }
+
+    public function createReferenceSolutionDirectory(): void
+    {
+        $this->filesystem->mkdir($this->getReferenceExecutionDirectory());
+        $this->referenceSolutionDirWasCreated = true;
+    }
+
+    public function importStudentFileFromString(string $content, string $filename = 'solution.php'): void
+    {
+        if (!$this->studentSolutionDirWasCreated) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                sprintf('Student execution directory not created. Call %s::createStudentSolutionDirectory() first.', self::class)
+            );
+        }
+
+        file_put_contents(Path::join($this->getStudentExecutionDirectory(), $filename), $content);
+    }
+
+    public function importReferenceFileFromString(string $content, string $filename = 'solution.php'): void
+    {
+        if (!$this->referenceSolutionDirWasCreated) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                sprintf('Reference execution directory not created. Call %s::createReferenceSolutionDirectory() first.', self::class)
+            );
+        }
+
+        file_put_contents(Path::join($this->getReferenceExecutionDirectory(), $filename), $content);
+    }
+
+    public static function fromExerciseAndStudentSolution(ExerciseInterface $exercise, string $file): self
+    {
+        if (file_exists($file)) {
+            $file = (string) realpath($file);
+        }
+
+        $input = new Input('test', ['program' => $file]);
+        return new self(
+            exercise: $exercise,
+            input: $input,
+            studentDirectory: dirname($file)
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function __destruct()
+    {
+        if ($this->studentSolutionDirWasCreated) {
+            $this->filesystem->remove($this->getStudentExecutionDirectory());
+        }
+
+        if ($this->referenceSolutionDirWasCreated) {
+            $this->filesystem->remove($this->getReferenceExecutionDirectory());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Utils/System.php b/src/Utils/System.php
index 5dc80128..eb8da511 100644
--- a/src/Utils/System.php
+++ b/src/Utils/System.php
@@ -23,4 +23,9 @@ public static function tempDir(string $path = ''): string
     {
         return Path::join(self::realpath(sys_get_temp_dir()), 'php-school', $path);
     }
+
+    public static function randomTempDir(): string
+    {
+        return Path::join(self::realpath(sys_get_temp_dir()), 'php-school', bin2hex(random_bytes(4)));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/ExecutionContextTest.php b/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/ExecutionContextTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..016b29af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/ExecutionContextTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpSchool\PhpWorkshopTest\ExerciseRunner\Context;
+
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\MockExercise;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseRunner\Context\ExecutionContext;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseRunner\Context\NoEntryPoint;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Input\Input;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Utils\System;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class ExecutionContextTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testGetters(): void
+    {
+        $exercise = new MockExercise();
+        $input = new Input('test', ['program' => 'solution.php']);
+        $context = new ExecutionContext(
+            '/student-dir',
+            '/reference-dir',
+            $exercise,
+            $input
+        );
+
+        static::assertSame($exercise, $context->getExercise());
+        static::assertSame($input, $context->getInput());
+        static::assertSame('/student-dir', $context->getStudentExecutionDirectory());
+        static::assertSame('/reference-dir', $context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory());
+    }
+
+    public function testHasStudentSolution(): void
+    {
+        $exercise = new MockExercise();
+        $input = new Input('test', ['program' => 'solution.php']);
+        $context = new ExecutionContext(
+            '/student-dir',
+            '/reference-dir',
+            $exercise,
+            $input
+        );
+
+        static::assertTrue($context->hasStudentSolution());
+
+        $exercise = new MockExercise();
+        $input = new Input('test');
+        $context = new ExecutionContext(
+            '/student-dir',
+            '/reference-dir',
+            $exercise,
+            $input
+        );
+
+        static::assertFalse($context->hasStudentSolution());
+    }
+
+    public function testGetEntryPoint(): void
+    {
+        $exercise = new MockExercise();
+        $input = new Input('test', ['program' => 'solution.php']);
+        $context = new ExecutionContext(
+            '/student-dir',
+            '/reference-dir',
+            $exercise,
+            $input
+        );
+
+        static::assertSame('/student-dir/solution.php', $context->getEntryPoint());
+    }
+
+    public function testGetEntryPointThrowsExceptionWhenNoStudentSolution(): void
+    {
+        static::expectException(NoEntryPoint::class);
+
+        $exercise = new MockExercise();
+        $input = new Input('test');
+        $context = new ExecutionContext(
+            '/student-dir',
+            '/reference-dir',
+            $exercise,
+            $input
+        );
+
+        $context->getEntryPoint();
+    }
+
+    public function testFactory(): void
+    {
+        $temporaryDirectory = System::randomTempDir();
+
+        $input = new Input('test', ['program' => $temporaryDirectory . '/solution.php']);
+        $exercise = new MockExercise();
+
+        $context = ExecutionContext::fromInputAndExercise($input, $exercise);
+
+        //check that student execution directory uses the parent directory of the program from the input
+        static::assertSame($temporaryDirectory, $context->getStudentExecutionDirectory());
+        static::assertSame($temporaryDirectory . '/solution.php', $context->getEntryPoint());
+
+        //check that reference execution directory is a random temporary directory
+        static::assertTrue(str_starts_with($context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory(), System::tempDir()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/NoEntryPointTest.php b/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/NoEntryPointTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..324119ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/NoEntryPointTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpSchool\PhpWorkshopTest\ExerciseRunner\Context;
+
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseRunner\Context\NoEntryPoint;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class NoEntryPointTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testException(): void
+    {
+        $e = new NoEntryPoint();
+        static::assertSame('No entry point provided', $e->getMessage());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/TestContextTest.php b/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/TestContextTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac5ee0a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ExerciseRunner/Context/TestContextTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpSchool\PhpWorkshopTest\ExerciseRunner\Context;
+
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\MockExercise;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Exercise\TemporaryDirectoryTrait;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\ExerciseRunner\Context\TestContext;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Solution\DirectorySolution;
+use PhpSchool\PhpWorkshop\Utils\System;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class TestContextTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testThatDirectoriesAreNotCreatedInitially(): void
+    {
+        $context = new TestContext();
+
+        static::assertFileNotExists($context->getStudentExecutionDirectory());
+        static::assertFileNotExists($context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory());
+    }
+
+    public function testCreateDirectories(): void
+    {
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->createStudentSolutionDirectory();
+        $context->createReferenceSolutionDirectory();
+
+        static::assertFileExists($context->getStudentExecutionDirectory());
+        static::assertFileExists($context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory());
+    }
+
+    public function testFromExerciseAndSolutionFactory(): void
+    {
+        $exercise = new MockExercise();
+        $context = TestContext::fromExerciseAndStudentSolution($exercise, __FILE__);
+
+        static::assertSame(__DIR__, $context->getStudentExecutionDirectory());
+        static::assertSame(__FILE__, $context->getInput()->getRequiredArgument('program'));
+        static::assertSame($exercise, $context->getExercise());
+    }
+
+    public function testImportStudentSolutionFileFromStringThrowsExceptionIfExecutionDirectoryDoesNotExist(): void
+    {
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->importStudentFileFromString('<?php echo "yo";');
+    }
+
+    public function testImportStudentSolutionFileFromStringCreatesFileInExecutionDirectory(): void
+    {
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->createStudentSolutionDirectory();
+        $context->importStudentFileFromString('<?php echo "yo";');
+
+        static::assertFileExists($context->getStudentExecutionDirectory() . '/solution.php');
+        static::assertEquals('<?php echo "yo";', file_get_contents($context->getStudentExecutionDirectory() . '/solution.php'));
+    }
+
+    public function testImportStudentSolutionFileFromStringWithCustomPathCreatesFileInExecutionDirectory(): void
+    {
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->createStudentSolutionDirectory();
+        $context->importStudentFileFromString('<?php echo "yo";', 'some-file.php');
+
+        static::assertFileExists($context->getStudentExecutionDirectory() . '/some-file.php');
+        static::assertEquals('<?php echo "yo";', file_get_contents($context->getStudentExecutionDirectory() . '/some-file.php'));
+    }
+
+    public function testImportReferenceSolutionFileFromStringThrowsExceptionIfExecutionDirectoryDoesNotExist(): void
+    {
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->importReferenceFileFromString('<?php echo "yo";');
+    }
+
+    public function testImportReferenceSolutionFileFromStringCreatesFileInExecutionDirectory(): void
+    {
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->createReferenceSolutionDirectory();
+        $context->importReferenceFileFromString('<?php echo "yo";');
+
+        static::assertFileExists($context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory() . '/solution.php');
+        static::assertEquals('<?php echo "yo";', file_get_contents($context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory() . '/solution.php'));
+    }
+
+    public function testImportReferenceSolutionFileFromStringWithCustomPathCreatesFileInExecutionDirectory(): void
+    {
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->createReferenceSolutionDirectory();
+        $context->importReferenceFileFromString('<?php echo "yo";', 'some-file.php');
+
+        static::assertFileExists($context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory() . '/some-file.php');
+        static::assertEquals('<?php echo "yo";', file_get_contents($context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory() . '/some-file.php'));
+    }
+
+    public function testDestructCleansUpExecutionDirectories(): void
+    {
+        $context = new TestContext();
+        $context->createStudentSolutionDirectory();
+        $context->createReferenceSolutionDirectory();
+
+        $studentExecutionDirectory = $context->getStudentExecutionDirectory();
+        $referenceExecutionDirectory = $context->getReferenceExecutionDirectory();
+
+        static::assertFileExists($studentExecutionDirectory);
+        static::assertFileExists($referenceExecutionDirectory);
+
+        unset($context);
+
+        static::assertFileNotExists($studentExecutionDirectory);
+        static::assertFileNotExists($referenceExecutionDirectory);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/Utils/SystemTest.php b/test/Utils/SystemTest.php
index 96759cd6..69fd2a0a 100644
--- a/test/Utils/SystemTest.php
+++ b/test/Utils/SystemTest.php
@@ -33,4 +33,9 @@ public function testTempDirWithPath(): void
         $expect = sprintf('%s/php-school/%s', realpath(sys_get_temp_dir()), 'test');
         self::assertSame($expect, System::tempDir('test'));
     }
+
+    public function testRandomTempDir(): void
+    {
+        self::assertTrue(str_starts_with(System::randomTempDir(), realpath(sys_get_temp_dir()) . '/php-school'));
+    }
 }