Refactor the clause-level results

[sarahmcdougall]

There's some refactoring that we could do regarding the clause-level results, mostly in ClauseResultsHelper and ClauseResultsBuilder.

Changes would include:

• adding TypeScript typing to places where any is used
• updating function documentation and statements
• adding caching for reuse of data that has already been used for calculation (local ids, etc.). This could potentially speed up coverage calculation when scaling up the number of patients being calculated.