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docs/source/notebooks/did_pymc_banks.ipynb

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"Finally, we can evaluate the difference in difference model in its two-way fixed effects (TWFE) formulation. The two-way fixed effects model is widely used in econometrics for causal inference in panel data settings. It accounts for both unit-specific effects (e.g., differences between districts) and time-specific effects (e.g., shocks or trends affecting all units simultaneously). \n",
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"The TWFE model is equivalent to the classic 2$\\times$2 DiD model (Model 1) - but only in the situation of two groups and two time periods. Outside of this special case the approach is not equivalent and can potentially have some problems {cite:p}`imai2021twfepanel`. Readers should proceed with caution when using the TWFE model outside of the 2$\\times$2 case - see for example{cite:p}`kropko2018two,collischon2020let`.\n",
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"The TWFE model is equivalent to the classic 2$\\times$2 DiD model (Model 1) - but only in the situation of two groups and two time periods. Outside of this special case the approach is not equivalent and can potentially have some problems {cite:p}`hill2020limitations,imai2021twfepanel`. Readers should proceed with caution when using the TWFE model outside of the 2$\\times$2 case - see for example {cite:p}`kropko2018two,collischon2020let`.\n",
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"The TWFE approach is similar to the previous model in that the `district:post_treatment` interaction term still gives you a treatment indicator variable and the assiated coefficient $\\beta_{\\Delta}$ is the causal effect of the intervention. But it is different in that there is no _linear_ `year` term, instead we have a _categorical_ `year` variable. This means that the model can capture any temporal trends in the data. These can be thought of as capturing time based schocks that affect all units.\n",
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docs/source/references.bib

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year={2020},
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publisher={Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}
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}
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@article{hill2020limitations,
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title={Limitations of fixed-effects models for panel data},
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author={Hill, Terrence D and Davis, Andrew P and Roos, J Micah and French, Michael T},
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journal={Sociological Perspectives},
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volume={63},
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number={3},
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pages={357--369},
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year={2020},
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publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
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}

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