docs: overhaul types #2031

Job	Run time
Build & verify package	14s
Verify dev env	9s
Check types using supported type checkers	18s
Tests on pypy-3.10	21s
Run doctests & render changelog	16s
Tests & Mypy on 3.13	1m 6s
Tests & Mypy on 3.11	59s
Tests & Mypy on 3.9	39s
Tests & Mypy on 3.10	1m 10s
Tests & Mypy on 3.12	1m 4s
Tests & Mypy on 3.14	1m 7s
Combine & check coverage	16s
required-checks-pass	5s
	7m 44s

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