*Memo:
- mypy --strict test.py
- mypy 1.19.1
- Python 3.14.0
- Windows 11
v can be read and written from the outside of the class so the generic class is invariant properly as shown below:
class Cls[T]:
v: T = cast(T, 100) # Invariant
cls: Cls[int] = Cls[int]()
# It indicates `Invariant`.
cls1: Cls[float] = cls # Errpr
cls2: Cls[int] = cls # No error
cls3: Cls[bool] = cls # Error
# Read & Write
print(cls.v) # No error
cls.v = 200 # No error
Now, _v can be read and written from the outside of the class but the generic class is covariant improperly as shown below so it should be invariant properly:
*Memo:
- A single leading underscore(_abc) just indicates Internal use so it's not private(Readable & Writable).
class Cls[T]:
_v: T = cast(T, 100) # Covariant
cls: Cls[int] = Cls[int]()
# It indicates `Covariant`.
cls1: Cls[float] = cls # No error
cls2: Cls[int] = cls # No error
cls3: Cls[bool] = cls # Error
# Read & Write
print(cls._v) # No error
cls._v = 200 # No error