diff --git a/scoper.php b/scoper.php
index 73d00ecf873..e8893e4b34f 100644
--- a/scoper.php
+++ b/scoper.php
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     'exclude-classes' => [
         'PHPUnit\Framework\Constraint\IsEqual',
         'PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase',
+        'PHPUnit\Runner\Version',
         'PHPUnit\Framework\ExpectationFailedException',
 
         // native class on php 8.3+
diff --git a/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php b/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php
index 720990bc0ac..f4236153043 100644
--- a/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php
+++ b/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace Rector\Testing\PHPUnit;
 
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use PHPUnit\Runner\Version;
 use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
 use Rector\DependencyInjection\LazyContainerFactory;
 
@@ -63,7 +64,12 @@ private function includePreloadFilesAndScoperAutoload(): void
     {
         if (file_exists(__DIR__ . '/../../../preload.php')) {
             if (file_exists(__DIR__ . '/../../../vendor')) {
-                require_once __DIR__ . '/../../../preload.php';
+                /**
+                 * On PHPUnit 12+, when classmap autoloaded, it means preload already loaded early
+                 */
+                if (! class_exists(Version::class, true) || (int) Version::id() < 12) {
+                    require_once __DIR__ . '/../../../preload.php';
+                }
                 // test case in rector split package
             } elseif (file_exists(__DIR__ . '/../../../../../../vendor')) {
                 require_once __DIR__ . '/../../../preload-split-package.php';