-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 1
/
Copy pathmisc_note.txt
569 lines (388 loc) · 22.3 KB
/
misc_note.txt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
2017-4-17
study: effective practice, 10,000 hours training
study method: build a framework instead of a lot of isolated knowledge
the importance of deliberate training
fast feedback
==============================================================
>>>>> reading is more important than listening and speaking:
==============================================================
(1) practical consideration, for adults it is more difficult to find time to
practice speaking than reading.
(2) best approach, read text, then listen to the text, finally read again.
kids: can mimick how native speakers, more error tolerant
adult: no time, mental challenge, need understanding and seeing progress
It is easier to pick up speaking in the environment where you have to speak,
and difficult to practice it without the environment. On the other hand,
one can practice reading without much external dependence.
Speaking is sort of like writing with your mouth.
reading > listening and writing > speaking
===========================================================================
>>>> Topic: does the transcription method work for studying mathematics?
===========================================================================
==============================================================
>>>> method for studying Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms:
==============================================================
(1) select a discrimination article of interest, do this randomly or
sequentially?
(2) read the Webster's article
(3) retrieve OED entries of unfamiliar head words in the article and typeset
using LATEX
(4) write my own discrimination article, incorporating information from OED
Remark: this method is similar to the one used in studying abstract mathematics,
i.e. by writing my own proof for all the results in the book and filling any gap
that encountered on the way
==============================================================
>>>> method for studying vocabulary during reading
==============================================================
(1) underline unfamiliar words during reading
(2) collect the unfamiliar words into a word list
(3) for words in the list, retrieve explanation and (four) examples from
vocabulary.com
(4) generate a html file for all the words with explanation and examples
(5) generate a html file with random vocabulary test for the words in the list
(6) quiz myself using the test, go back to read all explantion and examples if
needed
Alternatively, we can pick random words from Schur's 1000 Most Important Words.
==============================================================
>>>> Reading course design
==============================================================
(1) ask two students to summarize the events of the previous chapter/course
students should be chosen randomly (or roughly uniformly). 10 minutes
(2) listen to audio by Stephen Fry for the beginning of the new chapter,
5 minutes
(3) ask students to explain what the audio has said, 5 minutes
(4) explain the difficult vocabularies and culture references of this part,
5 minutes
(5) ask students to read several paragraphs, 5 minutes
(6) ask other students what happens in this passage, 5 minutes
(7) explain the difficult vocabularies and culture references of this passage
5 minutes
(8) repeat steps (5)-(7)
(9) break, 5 minutes
(10) ask one student to summarize the story covered by the first session
==============================================================
>>>> self-improving tasks
==============================================================
(1) reading + writing
(1.a) Read first-rate prose, Hooker, Burke, Johnson, Blackstone, Macaulay
(1.b) write a summary for (roughly) every page read
(1.c) paraphrase Hooker
(2) vocabulary building
(2.a) OED study, which words?
(2.b) look up words encountered in reading of step (1.a) (using OED or
vocabulary.com)
(2.c) Webster Dictionary of Synonyms
(2.d) Q: How to review vocabularies?
(2.e) Q: How much time should be spent on (pure) vocabulary study? Maybe
I should focus on reading and writing.
==========================================================
>>>> study plan
==========================================================
(1) translate Proust from Francais to English
(2) paraphrase Hooker's Laws
(3) read Macaulay's History of England and write summaries for each page
===========================================================
>>>>> ideas for study
===========================================================
(1) read George Eliot, e.g. Daniel Deronda
(2) copy the sentence with unfamiliar words
(3) search the unfamiliar words in Roget's 21 Century Thesaurus
(4) try to replace these words by its synonyms
(4.1) why does George Eliot choose this particular word instead of its
synonyms?
(4.2) can you choose better words?
(4.3) maybe paraphrase the sentence?
=========================================================
== ideas for interview English
=========================================================
Behavior questions:
(1) why do you choose our company?
(2) why do you leave your previous company?
(3) shortcomings
===========================================================
=== ideas for study
===========================================================
(1) read an entry in Verbal Advantage
(2) for every interesting word encountered (main lemma, synonyms, etc.)
read corresponding entries in OED and Webster Dictionary of Synonyms
(3) write 3 sentences using the word in step (2)
Sometimes after reading the entries in Webster Dictionary of Synonyms, I still
could not fully understand the differences of the synonyms, what can I do in
such cases?
===========================================================
=== 2018-3-26 thoughts on writing
===========================================================
(1) what kind of writing? literary, scientific, persuasive, etc.?
(1.a) How to make sure the process is an active one and there are feedbacks?
(2) translation exercises
(2.a) Proust: Francais->English (original in Francais),
compare vs. Davis's English translation
(2.b) Burke: Francais->English (original in English),
compare vs. Burke's English original
Why does Burke write it that way? Why does he use a certain word?
(2.c) Nabokov: Autres Rivages (Francais) -> Speak Memory (English)
compare vs. Nabokov's original English
(2.d) Only Proust seems to be accessible. I am not so sure about the quality of
the French translation of Burke.
(3) paraphrase exercises
(3.a) Federalist Papers
(3.b) Hooker, Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
(3.c) Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France
(4) Hooker
(4.a) copy a few sentences, twice
(4.b) transcribe from memory the text in step (4.a), then compare against the
original
(4.c) repeat step (4.b) till perfection
===========================================================
=== 2018-3-27 thoughts on writing
===========================================================
(1) translation exercise, Proust:Francais->English
Side effect will be a deeper understanding of Proust's text.
(2) Hooker, transcription and memorization
(3) Johnson, Rambler, precis writing and paraphrase
(4) precis writing probably helps reading more than writing.
===========================================================
=== 2018-4-3 writing sentences
===========================================================
(1) find good sentences during your reading
(2) analyze the grammatical structure of the sentence
(3) rewriting exercise: periodic<-->balanced, etc.
===========================================================
=== 2018-4-13 vocabulary reading using OED (and WDS)
===========================================================
(1) choose an interesting/important word (from reading, or from
WDS)
(2) read OED entry of this word
(3) read OED entries of the synonyms or related words (from WDS)
of this word
(4) write a paragraph describing the historical change of the meanings
of this word
===========================================================
=== 2018-4-17 Thoughts on translation exercise
===========================================================
Nabokov: Autres Rivages -> Speak Memory
Q: what if you encounter passages that are hard to understand even in English?
It is frustrating to translate such passages from French back to English.
Another issue: French translation may be quite different in word order or
sentence structure from the (English) original.
===========================================================
=== 2018-5-14 vocabulary study
===========================================================
(1) read Webster Dictionary of Synonyms, underline unfamiliar words
(2) for any head word in the discriminating article, read its entry in OED.
(3) look up every unfamiliar word, but does not necessarily need to read its OED
entry in detail.
===========================================================
=== 2018-5-18 vocabulary study
===========================================================
(1) read Webster Dictionary of Synonyms, underline unfamiliar words
(2) look up unfamiliar words in OED, read all quotations for the appropriate
meaning encountered, browse other meanings (without reading quotations for
them).
==============================================================================
Cicero, Pro Milone
Sentence numbering follows that of Persuasive Language in Cicero's Pro Milone.
1.1 Etsi vereor, iudices, ne turpe sit
though (I) am afraid really disgraceful is
pres.pass.1.sg. adj.nom.n.sg. pres.subj.3.sg
sum
pro fortissimo viro dicere incipientem timere,
man to speak begining to fear
abl.m.sg. inf. p.pres.acc.m.sg. inf.
virus incipio timeo
minimeque deceat,
least seems
pres.subj.3.sg.
decet
cum T. Annius ipse magis de rei publicae salute
with i.e. Milon himself more thing health
gen.f.sg. adj.gen.f.sg. abl.f.sg.
res publicus salus
quam de sua perturbetur,
than his confounds
pres.subj.pass.3.sg.
perturbo
me ad eius causam parem animi magnitudinem
his cause equal mind magnitude
pron.gen.m.sg. acc.f.sg. adj.acc.f.sg. gen.m.sg. acc.f.sg.
is causa par animus magnitudo
adferre non posse, tamen haec novi iudici
to carry to be able however this new court
inf. inf. adj.gen.m.sg. gen.m.sg.
affero possum novus iudicium
nova forma terret oculos, qui,
new form alarms eyes which
adj.nom.f.sg. nom.f.sg. pres.3.sg. acc.m.pl.
terreo oculus
quocumque inciderunt, veterem consuetudinem fori et
wherever light old custom (of) forum
perf.3.pl. adj.acc.f.sg. acc.f.sg. gen.n.sg.
incido vetus consuetudo forum
pristinum morem iudiciorum requirunt.
pristine custom of court seek in vain
adj.acc.m.sg. acc.ms.g. gen.n.pl. pres.3.pl.
pristinus mos iudicium requiro
1.2 Non enim corona consessus vester cinctus est,
for circle of bystanders assembly your surrounded is
abl.f.sg. nom.m.sg. adj.nom.m.sg. perf.p.p.nom.m.sg. pres.3.sg.
corona consessus cingo sum
ut solebat; non usitata frequentia stipati sumus;
as used to usual crowd attended (we) are
impf.3.sg. perf.p.p.abl.f.sg. abl.f.sg. perf.p.p.nom.m.pl. pres.1.pl.
soleo usitor frequentia stipo sum
non illa praesidia quae pro templis omnibus cernitis,
those guards which temples all (you) discern
pron.acc.n.pl. acc.n.pl. pron.acc.n.pl. abl.n.pl. adj.abl.n.pl. pres.2.pl.
ille praesidium qui templum omnis cerno
etsi contra vim conlocata sunt,
although against violence placed (they) are
acc.f.sg. perf.p.p.nom.n.pl. pres.3.pl.
vis loco sum
non adferunt tamen oratori terroris aliquid,
(they) bring however orator terror something
pres.3.pl. dat.m.sg. gen.m.sg. acc.n.sg.
affero orator terror aliquis
Do not fail to bring something of terror to the orator.
ut in foro et in iudicio, quamquam praesidiis
so that forum court although defences
abl.n.sg. abl.n.sg. abl.n.pl.
forum iudicium praesidium
salutaribus et necessariis saepti sumus,
salutary necessary surrounded (we) are
adj.abl.n.pl. adj.abl.n.pl. perf.p.p.nom.m.pl. pres.1.pl.
salutaris necessarius saepio
tamen ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus.
yet not not fear entirely without some fear (we) can
inf. pron.abl.m.sg. abl.m.sg. pres.subj.1.pl.
aliquis timor possum
ne ... quidem: not even
2.1 Quae si opposita Miloni putarem, cederem tempori,
whereby if against Milo (I) believe yield time
adj.acc.n.pl. impf.subj.1.sg. impf.subj.1.sg. dat.n.sg.
oppositus puto cedo tempus
iudices, nec enim inter tantam vim armorum existimarem
not for so great power of arms (I) esteem
adj.acc.f.sg. acc.f.sg. gen.n.pl. impf.subj.1.sg.
tantus vis arma existimo
esse orationi locum.
to be speech place
inf. dat.f.sg. acc.m.sg.
oratio locus
2.2 Sed me recreat et reficit Cn. Pompei, sapientissimi et iustissimi
but relieves restores (of) Pompeius wisest justest
pres.3.sg. pres.3.sg. gen.m.sg. adj.nom.m.sg. adj.nom.m.sg
recreo reficio Pompeius iustus
viri, consilium, qui profecto nec iustitiae suae putaret
man council? who certainly neither justice his think
nom.n.sg. gen.f.sg. adj.gen.f.sg. impf.subj.3.sg.
iustitia suus puto
esse, quem reum sententiis iudicum tradidisset,
to be whom accused person decision (of) judges had delivered
inf. acc.m.sg. dat.f.pl. gen.m.pl. plup.subj.3.sg.
sum reus sententia iudex trado
eundem telis militum dedere, nec sapientiae temeritatem
the same weapons soldiers to give nor wisdom rashness
pron.acc.m.sg. dat.n.pl. gen.m.pl. inf. gen.f.sg. acc.f.sg.
idem telum miles sapientia temeritas
concitatae multitudinis auctoritate publica armare.
excited (of) multitude authority public to arm
p.p.gen.f.sg. gen.f.sg. abl.f.sg. adj.abl.f.sg. inf.
concito mutitudo auctoritas publicus armo
3.1 Quam ob rem illa arma, centuriones, cohortes non periculum
That is why, those arms centurions cohorts danger
wherefore pron.acc.n.pl. nom.n.pl. nom.m.pl. nom.f.pl. acc.n.sg.
ille arma centurio cohors periculum
nobis, sed praesidium denuntiant, neque solum ut quieto,
ours but protection declare not only as quiet
pron.dat.f.pl. acc.n.sg. pres.3.pl. abl.m.sg.
nos praesidium denuntio quietus
sed etiam ut magno animo simus hortantur,
but still as great spirit (we) are encourage
adj.abl.m.sg. abl.m.sg. pres.subj.1.pl. pres.pass.3.pl.
magnus animus sum hortor
nec auxilium modo defensioni meae verum etiam silentium
not help merely defence my true still silence
acc.n.sg. dat.f.sg. adj.dat.f.sg. acc.m.sg. acc.n.sg.
auxilium definsio meus verus silentium
pollicentur.
promise
pres.pass.3.pl
polliceor
3.2 Reliqua vero multitudo, quae quidem est civium,
rest of multitude which indeed is citizen
adj.nom.f.sg. nom.f.sg. pron.nom.f.sg. adv. pres.3.sg. gen.m.pl.
reliquus multitudo qui sum civis
tota nostra est, nec eorum quisquam
all ours is not of them any
adj.nom.f.sg. pron.nom.f.sg. pres.3.sg. pron.gen.m.pl. pron.nom.m.sg.
totus noster sum is quisquam
quos undique intuentis, unde aliqua fori pars
whom on all sides gazing whence in any direction forum part
pron.acc.m.pl. adv. pres.part.acc.m.pl adv. adv. gen.n.sg. nom.f.sg
quis intueor forum pars
aspici potest, et huius exitum iudici exspectantis
see can of this result trial waiting for
pres.pass.inf. pres.3.sg. pron.gen.n.sg. acc.m.sg. gen.n.sg. pres.part.acc.m.pl
aspicio possum hic exitus iudicium exspecto
videtis, non cum virtuti Milonis favet, tum de se, de liberis suis,
(you) see virtus of Milo favours then him children his
pres.2.pl dat.m.sg. pres.3.sg. adv. abl.m.pl.
video vitus faveo liberi
de patria, de fortunis hodierno die decertari putat.
country fortunes this (day) day fight out thinks
abl.f.sg. abl.f.pl. abl.m.sg. pres.pass.inf. pres.3.sg.
patria fortuna dies decerto puto
3.3 unum genus est adversum infestumque nobis eorum
one sort is adverse hostile us those
adj.nom.n.sg. nom.n.sg. pres.3.sg. p.p.nom.n.sg. adj.nom.n.sg. pron.gen.n.pl
unus genus sum advero infestus is
quos P. Clodi furor rapinis et incendiis et omnibus
whom of Clodius fury rapine arson all
pron.acc.m.pl. nom.m.sg. abl.f.pl. abl.n.pl. adj.abl.f.pl
quis furor rapina incendium omnis
exitiis publicis pavit; qui hesterna etiam contione
destruction public feed who yesterday even assembly
abl.n.pl. adj.abl.n.pl. perf.3.sg. pron.nom.m.pl. abl.f.sg.
exitium publicus pasco qui contio
incitati sunt ut vobis voce praeirent quid iudicaretis;
incited are so that your voice go before what judge,decide
p.p.nom.m.pl. pres.3.pl. adv. abl.f.sg. impf.subj.3.pl. impf.subj.2.pl
incito sum vox praeeo iudico
quorum clamor si qui forte fuerit, admonere vos debebit
whose if by chance have warn you ought to
pron.gen.m.pl. nom.m.sg. abl.f.sg. perf.subj.3.sg. inf. acc.m.pl fut.3.sg.
quis clamor fors sum tu debeo
ut eum civem retineatis qui semper genus illud
that him citizen retain who always sort that
pron.acc.m.sg. acc.m.sg. pres.subj.2.pl. acc.n.sg. pron.acc.n.sg.
is civis retineo genus ille
hominum clamoresque maximos prae vestra salute neglexit.
men clamor greatest before your safety slight
gen.m.pl. acc.m.pl. adj.acc.m.pl. adv. abl.m.sg. perf.3.sg.
homo clamor magnus salus neglego
4.1
Quam ob rem adeste animis, iudices, et timorem, si
wherefore be of courage judges fear if
imperat.pres.2.pl abl.m.pl. acc.m.sg.
ad-sum animus timor
quem habetis, deponite.
any have put aside
pron.acc.m.sg. pres.2.pl. imperat.pres.2.pl.
quis habeo depono
4.2
nam si umquam de bonis et fortibus viris, si umquam de bene meritis civibus
potestas vobis4 iudicandi fuit, si denique umquam locus amplissimorum ordinum
delectis viris datus est ut sua studia erga fortis et bonos civis5, quae voltu
et verbis saepe significassent, re et sententiis declararent, hoc profecto
tempore eam potestatem omnem vos habetis ut statuatis utrum nos qui semper
vestrae auctoritati dediti fuimus semper miseri lugeamus an diu vexati a
perditissimis civibus aliquando per vos ac per vestram fidem, virtutem
sapientiamque recreemur
=========================================================
English study:
(1) vocabulary: look up every word in OED, read Webster Dictionary of Synonyms
(2) sentence: imitate Hooker's sentences
(3) structure and logic: sentence analysis
(4) close reading: look up unfamiliar words in OED, write outline and precis
Q: What does Hooker try to say? How does he say it?
transition from one sentence to another