Add maximum-depth-of-binary-tree solution

Author: Jeehay28

maximum-depth-of-binary-tree/Jeehay28.js

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+// Depth-First Search (DFS) with recursion
+
+// 🕒 Time Complexity: O(n) — where n is the number of nodes in the binary tree.
+// 🗂️ Space Complexity: O(h) — where h is the height of the tree.
+// ⚙️ How It Works (Example Walkthrough):
+// For root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]:
+// maxDepth(root) = Math.max(maxDepth(9), maxDepth(20)) + 1 = Math.max(1, 2) + 1 = 3
+// maxDepth(9) = Math.max(maxDepth(null), maxDepth(null)) + 1 = 1
+// maxDepth(20) = Math.max(maxDepth(15), maxDepth(7)) + 1 = Math.max(1, 1) + 1 = 2
+// maxDepth(15) = Math.max(maxDepth(null), maxDepth(null)) + 1 = 1
+// maxDepth(7) = Math.max(maxDepth(null), maxDepth(null)) + 1 = 1
+// So the final result: 3
+
+/**
+ * Definition for singly-linked list.
+ * function ListNode(val, next) {
+ *     this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;
+ *     this.next = next === undefined ? null : next;
+ * }
+ */
+/**
+ * @param {ListNode[]} lists
+ * @return {ListNode}
+ */
+
+// For maximum depth, the presence of one child doesn't matter much because we are looking for the deepest path from the root to any leaf. 
+var maxDepth = function (root) {
+    // Base case: if the node is null, the depth is 0
+    if (root === null) return 0;
+
+    // Recursively calculate the depth of the left and right subtrees
+    let leftDepth = maxDepth(root.left);
+    let rightDepth = maxDepth(root.right);
+
+    // Return the maximum of the two depths plus 1 for the current node
+    return Math.max(leftDepth, rightDepth) + 1;
+};