diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/README.md
index f5de94717b5d..fdb967f088ef 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/README.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 var removeSingletonDimensions = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions' );
 ```
 
-#### removeSingletonDimensions( x )
+#### removeSingletonDimensions( x, writable )
 
 Returns an ndarray without singleton dimensions (i.e., dimensions whose size is equal to `1`).
 
@@ -49,16 +49,18 @@ var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
 
 // Create a 1x2x2 ndarray:
 var x = array( [ [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] ] );
-// returns <ndarray>
+// returns <ndarray>[ [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] ]
 
 // Remove singleton dimensions:
-var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
-// returns <ndarray>
-
-var sh = y.shape;
-// returns [ 2, 2 ]
+var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
+// returns <ndarray>[ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]
 ```
 
+The function accepts the following arguments:
+
+-   **x**: input ndarray.
+-   **writable**: boolean indicating whether a returned ndarray should be writable.
+
 </section>
 
 <!-- /.usage -->
@@ -69,8 +71,7 @@ var sh = y.shape;
 
 ## Notes
 
--   If a provided ndarray does not have any singleton dimensions, the function returns the provided ndarray unchanged.
--   If a provided ndarray does have singleton dimensions, the function returns a new ndarray view.
+-   The function always returns a new view of the input ndarray.
 
 </section>
 
@@ -85,33 +86,15 @@ var sh = y.shape;
 <!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->
 
 ```javascript
-var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
-var numel = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/numel' );
-var ind2sub = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ind2sub' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/uniform' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
 var removeSingletonDimensions = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions' );
 
-// Create a 5-dimensional array:
-var x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ], {
-    'ndmin': 5
-});
-// returns <ndarray>
-
-// Remove singleton dimensions:
-var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
-// returns <ndarray>
-
-// Retrieve the shape:
-var sh = y.shape;
-// returns [ 2, 2 ]
-
-// Retrieve the number of elements:
-var N = numel( sh );
+var x = uniform( [ 1, 1, 3, 3, 3 ], -10.0, 10.0 );
+console.log( ndarray2array( x ) );
 
-// Loop through the array elements...
-var i;
-for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
-    console.log( 'Y[%s] = %d', ind2sub( sh, i ).join( ', ' ), y.iget( i ) );
-}
+var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
+console.log( ndarray2array( y ) );
 ```
 
 </section>
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.js
index cfca24fd32d1..60f6e0d03a73 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.js
@@ -25,13 +25,14 @@ var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 var ndarrayBase = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/ctor' );
 var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
 var isndarrayLike = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-ndarray-like' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
 var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
 var removeSingletonDimensions = require( './../lib' );
 
 
 // MAIN //
 
-bench( pkg+'::base_ndarray,2d', function benchmark( b ) {
+bench( format( '%s::base_ndarray,2d', pkg ), function benchmark( b ) {
 	var strides;
 	var values;
 	var buffer;
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ bench( pkg+'::base_ndarray,2d', function benchmark( b ) {
 
 	b.tic();
 	for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
-		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ] );
+		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ], false );
 		if ( typeof out !== 'object' ) {
 			b.fail( 'should return an object' );
 		}
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ bench( pkg+'::base_ndarray,2d', function benchmark( b ) {
 	b.end();
 });
 
-bench( pkg+'::base_ndarray,2d,no_singleton_dimensions', function benchmark( b ) {
+bench( format( '%s::base_ndarray,2d,no_singleton_dimensions', pkg ), function benchmark( b ) {
 	var strides;
 	var values;
 	var buffer;
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ bench( pkg+'::base_ndarray,2d,no_singleton_dimensions', function benchmark( b )
 
 	b.tic();
 	for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
-		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ] );
+		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ], false );
 		if ( typeof out !== 'object' ) {
 			b.fail( 'should return an object' );
 		}
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ bench( pkg+'::base_ndarray,2d,no_singleton_dimensions', function benchmark( b )
 	b.end();
 });
 
-bench( pkg+'::ndarray,2d', function benchmark( b ) {
+bench( format( '%s::ndarray,2d', pkg ), function benchmark( b ) {
 	var strides;
 	var values;
 	var buffer;
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ bench( pkg+'::ndarray,2d', function benchmark( b ) {
 
 	b.tic();
 	for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
-		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ] );
+		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ], false );
 		if ( typeof out !== 'object' ) {
 			b.fail( 'should return an object' );
 		}
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ bench( pkg+'::ndarray,2d', function benchmark( b ) {
 	b.end();
 });
 
-bench( pkg+'::ndarray,2d,no_singleton_dimensions', function benchmark( b ) {
+bench( format( '%s::ndarray,2d,no_singleton_dimensions', pkg ), function benchmark( b ) {
 	var strides;
 	var values;
 	var buffer;
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ bench( pkg+'::ndarray,2d,no_singleton_dimensions', function benchmark( b ) {
 
 	b.tic();
 	for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
-		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ] );
+		out = removeSingletonDimensions( values[ i%values.length ], false );
 		if ( typeof out !== 'object' ) {
 			b.fail( 'should return an object' );
 		}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.ndims.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.ndims.js
index 3573c7055d0e..98f0753e7177 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.ndims.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/benchmark/benchmark.ndims.js
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
 var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
 var isndarrayLike = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-ndarray-like' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
 var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
 var removeSingletonDimensions = require( './../lib' );
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ function createBenchmark( ndims ) {
 
 		b.tic();
 		for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
-			out = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+			out = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 			if ( typeof out !== 'object' ) {
 				b.fail( 'should return an object' );
 			}
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ function main() {
 
 	for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
 		f = createBenchmark( i );
-		bench( pkg+'::ndarray,2d:singleton_dimensions='+i, f );
+		bench( format( '%s::ndarray,2d:singleton_dimensions=%d', pkg, i ), f );
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/repl.txt
index b98834b89d8a..e4e369eacf0f 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/repl.txt
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 
-{{alias}}( x )
+{{alias}}( x, writable )
     Returns an array without singleton dimensions.
 
-    If a provided ndarray does not have any singleton dimensions, the function
-    returns the provided ndarray unchanged.
-
-    If a provided ndarray does have singleton dimensions, the function returns a
-    new ndarray view.
+    The function always returns a new view of the input ndarray.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     x: ndarray
         Input array.
 
+    writable: boolean
+        Boolean indicating whether a returned array should be writable.
+
     Returns
     -------
     out: ndarray
@@ -21,21 +20,9 @@
     Examples
     --------
     > var x = {{alias:@stdlib/ndarray/array}}( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ], { 'ndmin': 5 } )
-    <ndarray>
-    > var sh = x.shape
-    [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 ]
-    > var y = {{alias}}( x )
-    <ndarray>
-    > sh = y.shape
-    [ 2, 2 ]
-    > var v = y.get( 0, 0 )
-    1
-    > v = y.get( 0, 1 )
-    2
-    > v = y.get( 1, 0 )
-    3
-    > v = y.get( 1, 1 )
-    4
+    <ndarray>[ [ [ [ [1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] ] ] ]
+    > var y = {{alias}}( x, false )
+    <ndarray>[ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]
 
     See Also
     --------
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/index.d.ts
index edca210957f5..23b5ae3b0774 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ import { ndarray } from '@stdlib/types/ndarray';
 *
 * ## Notes
 *
-* -   If a provided ndarray does not have any singleton dimensions, the function returns the provided ndarray unchanged.
-* -   If a provided ndarray does have singleton dimensions, the function returns a new ndarray view.
+* -   The function always returns a new view of the input ndarray.
 *
 * @param x - input array
+* @param writable - boolean indicating whether a returned array should be writable
 * @returns squeezed array
 *
 * @example
@@ -39,30 +39,12 @@ import { ndarray } from '@stdlib/types/ndarray';
 * var x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ], {
 *     'ndmin': 5
 * });
-* // returns <ndarray>
+* // returns <ndarray>[ [ [ [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] ] ] ]
 *
-* var shx = x.shape;
-* // returns [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 ]
-*
-* var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
-* // returns <ndarray>
-*
-* var shy = y.shape;
-* // returns [ 2, 2 ]
-*
-* var v = y.get( 0, 0 );
-* // returns 1
-*
-* v = y.get( 0, 1 );
-* // returns 2
-*
-* v = y.get( 1, 0 );
-* // returns 3
-*
-* v = y.get( 1, 1 );
-* // returns 4
+* var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
+* // returns <ndarray>[ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]
 */
-declare function removeSingletonDimensions( x: ndarray ): ndarray;
+declare function removeSingletonDimensions( x: ndarray, writable: boolean ): ndarray;
 
 
 // EXPORTS //
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/test.ts
index 9369e480e0b5..2c4ce0a1218b 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/test.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -26,19 +26,31 @@ import removeSingletonDimensions = require( './index' );
 {
 	const x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] );
 
-	removeSingletonDimensions( x ); // $ExpectType ndarray
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, false ); // $ExpectType ndarray
 }
 
 // The compiler throws an error if the function is not provided a first argument which is an ndarray...
 {
-	removeSingletonDimensions( '5' ); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( 5 ); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( true ); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( false ); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( null ); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( {} ); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( [ '5' ] ); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( '5', false ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( 5, false ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( true, false ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( false, false ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( null, false ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( {}, false ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( [ '5' ], false ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( ( x: number ): number => x, false ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is not provided a second argument which is a boolean...
+{
+	const x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] );
+
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, 5 ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, null ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, [ '5' ] ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
 // The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an unsupported number of arguments...
@@ -46,5 +58,6 @@ import removeSingletonDimensions = require( './index' );
 	const x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] );
 
 	removeSingletonDimensions(); // $ExpectError
-	removeSingletonDimensions( x, [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 2, 3 ] ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x ); // $ExpectError
+	removeSingletonDimensions( x, false, {} ); // $ExpectError
 }
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/examples/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/examples/index.js
index b9bf8d542b31..21b43da0097f 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/examples/index.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/examples/index.js
@@ -18,30 +18,12 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
-var numel = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/numel' );
-var ind2sub = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ind2sub' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/uniform' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
 var removeSingletonDimensions = require( './../lib' );
 
-// Create a 5-dimensional array:
-var x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ], {
-	'ndmin': 5
-});
-// returns <ndarray>
+var x = uniform( [ 1, 1, 3, 3, 3 ], -10.0, 10.0 );
+console.log( ndarray2array( x ) );
 
-// Remove singleton dimensions:
-var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
-// returns <ndarray>
-
-// Retrieve the shape:
-var sh = y.shape;
-// returns [ 2, 2 ]
-
-// Retrieve the number of elements:
-var N = numel( sh );
-
-// Loop through the array elements...
-var i;
-for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
-	console.log( 'Y[%s] = %d', ind2sub( sh, i ).join( ', ' ), y.iget( i ) );
-}
+var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
+console.log( ndarray2array( y ) );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/index.js
index 31b5ba30a4a0..4010399b87d3 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/index.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/index.js
@@ -30,28 +30,10 @@
 * var x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ], {
 *     'ndmin': 5
 * });
-* // returns <ndarray>
+* // returns <ndarray>[ [ [ [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] ] ] ]
 *
-* var shx = x.shape;
-* // returns [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 ]
-*
-* var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
-* // returns <ndarray>
-*
-* var shy = y.shape;
-* // returns [ 2, 2 ]
-*
-* var v = y.get( 0, 0 );
-* // returns 1
-*
-* v = y.get( 0, 1 );
-* // returns 2
-*
-* v = y.get( 1, 0 );
-* // returns 3
-*
-* v = y.get( 1, 1 );
-* // returns 4
+* var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
+* // returns <ndarray>[ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]
 */
 
 // MODULES //
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/main.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/main.js
index e3ab756fd771..5bfb5fd3752f 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/main.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/lib/main.js
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 // MODULES //
 
-var isReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/assert/is-read-only' );
 var getDType = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/dtype' );
 var getShape = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/shape' );
 var getStrides = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/strides' );
@@ -36,10 +35,10 @@ var getData = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/data-buffer' );
 *
 * ## Notes
 *
-* -   If a provided ndarray does not have any singleton dimensions, the function returns the provided ndarray unchanged.
-* -   If a provided ndarray does have singleton dimensions, the function returns a new ndarray view.
+* -   The function always returns a new view of the input ndarray.
 *
 * @param {ndarray} x - input array
+* @param {boolean} writable - boolean indicating whether a returned array should be writable
 * @returns {ndarray} squeezed array
 *
 * @example
@@ -48,30 +47,12 @@ var getData = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/data-buffer' );
 * var x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ], {
 *     'ndmin': 5
 * });
-* // returns <ndarray>
+* // returns <ndarray>[ [ [ [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] ] ] ]
 *
-* var shx = x.shape;
-* // returns [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 ]
-*
-* var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
-* // returns <ndarray>
-*
-* var shy = y.shape;
-* // returns [ 2, 2 ]
-*
-* var v = y.get( 0, 0 );
-* // returns 1
-*
-* v = y.get( 0, 1 );
-* // returns 2
-*
-* v = y.get( 1, 0 );
-* // returns 3
-*
-* v = y.get( 1, 1 );
-* // returns 4
+* var y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
+* // returns <ndarray>[ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]
 */
-function removeSingletonDimensions( x ) {
+function removeSingletonDimensions( x, writable ) {
 	var strides;
 	var shape;
 	var sh;
@@ -95,15 +76,12 @@ function removeSingletonDimensions( x ) {
 	}
 	if ( shape.length === N ) {
 		// We did not find any singleton dimensions...
-		return x;
-	}
-	if ( isReadOnly( x ) ) {
-		// If provided a read-only view, the returned array should also be read-only...
-		return new x.constructor( getDType( x ), getData( x ), shape, strides, getOffset( x ), getOrder( x ), { // eslint-disable-line max-len
-			'readonly': true
-		});
+		shape = sh;
+		strides = st;
 	}
-	return new x.constructor( getDType( x ), getData( x ), shape, strides, getOffset( x ), getOrder( x ) ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	return new x.constructor( getDType( x ), getData( x ), shape, strides, getOffset( x ), getOrder( x ), { // eslint-disable-line max-len
+		'readonly': !writable
+	});
 }
 
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/test/test.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/test/test.js
index c4694217f175..9db2198c2109 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/test/test.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/remove-singleton-dimensions/test/test.js
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 var tape = require( 'tape' );
 var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+var getShape = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/shape' );
+var getData = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/data-buffer' );
 var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/ctor' );
 var isReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/assert/is-read-only' );
 var removeSingletonDimensions = require( './../lib' );
@@ -35,66 +37,67 @@ tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns the provided array unchanged', function test( t ) {
-	var sh;
+tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns a new view of the input array', function test( t ) {
 	var x;
 	var y;
 
 	x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] );
-	sh = x.shape;
 
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 
-	t.strictEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, sh, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), getShape( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( isReadOnly( y ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = array( [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ] );
+
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, true );
+
+	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), getShape( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( isReadOnly( y ), false, 'returns expected value' );
 
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns the provided array unchanged (base)', function test( t ) {
-	var sh;
+tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns a new view of the input array (base)', function test( t ) {
 	var x;
 	var y;
 
 	x = ndarray( 'generic', [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
-	sh = x.shape;
 
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 
-	t.strictEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, sh, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), getShape( x ), 'returns expected value' );
 
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns the provided array unchanged (0D)', function test( t ) {
-	var sh;
+tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns a new view of the input array (base, 0D)', function test( t ) {
 	var x;
 	var y;
 
 	x = ndarray( 'generic', [ 1 ], [], [ 0 ], 0, 'row-major' );
-	sh = x.shape;
 
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 
-	t.strictEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, sh, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), getShape( x ), 'returns expected value' );
 
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns the provided array unchanged (empty)', function test( t ) {
-	var sh;
+tape( 'if a provided array does not contain singleton dimensions, the function returns a new view of the input array (base, empty)', function test( t ) {
 	var x;
 	var y;
 
 	x = ndarray( 'generic', [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], [ 2, 0, 2 ], [ 0, 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
-	sh = x.shape;
 
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 
-	t.strictEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, sh, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), getShape( x ), 'returns expected value' );
 
 	t.end();
 });
@@ -107,95 +110,58 @@ tape( 'the function removes singleton dimensions (leading)', function test( t )
 		'ndmin': 5
 	});
 
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 
 	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( y.data, x.data, 'returns expected value' );
-
-	t.end();
-});
-
-tape( 'the function removes singleton dimensions (trailing)', function test( t ) {
-	var x;
-	var y;
-
-	x = array( [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], {
-		'shape': [ 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 ]
-	});
-
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
-
-	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( y.data, x.data, 'returns expected value' );
-
-	t.end();
-});
-
-tape( 'the function removes singleton dimensions (base)', function test( t ) {
-	var x;
-	var y;
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getData( y ), getData( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( isReadOnly( y ), true, 'returns expected value' );
 
-	x = ndarray( 'generic', [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], [ 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 ], [ 4, 4, 2, 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, true );
 
 	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( y.data, x.data, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getData( y ), getData( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( isReadOnly( y ), false, 'returns expected value' );
 
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if provided a read-only array, the function returns a read-only array', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function removes singleton dimensions (trailing)', function test( t ) {
 	var x;
 	var y;
 
 	x = array( [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], {
-		'shape': [ 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 ],
-		'readonly': true
+		'shape': [ 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 ]
 	});
 
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 
 	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( y.data, x.data, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getData( y ), getData( x ), 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( isReadOnly( y ), true, 'returns expected value' );
 
-	t.end();
-});
-
-tape( 'if provided a writable array, the function returns a writable array', function test( t ) {
-	var x;
-	var y;
-
-	x = array( [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], {
-		'shape': [ 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 ],
-		'readonly': false
-	});
-
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, true );
 
 	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.deepEqual( y.shape, [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( y.data, x.data, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( y ), [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getData( y ), getData( x ), 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( isReadOnly( y ), false, 'returns expected value' );
 
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if provided a writable array, the function returns a writable array (base)', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function removes singleton dimensions (base)', function test( t ) {
 	var x;
 	var y;
 
-	x = ndarray( 'generic', [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], [ 2, 1, 2 ], [ 2, 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
-	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x );
+	x = ndarray( 'generic', [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], [ 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 ], [ 4, 4, 2, 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = removeSingletonDimensions( x, false );
 
 	t.notEqual( y, x, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.deepEqual( y.shape, [ 2, 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( y.data, x.data, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( isReadOnly( y ), false, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getData( y ), getData( x ), 'returns expected value' );
 
 	t.end();
 });