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To test the network environment effectively, we utilize **Linux network namespaces**. These namespaces isolate network environments from the host system, providing distinct instances of network stacks with independent routes, firewall rules, and network devices.
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Without network namespaces, virtual interfaces created within the same namespace use the loopback device for packet transmission between them, as the kernel recognizes them as residing on the same host.
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In our testing setup, all interfaces created by `vwifi` are placed within an isolated network namespace. This approach ensures that each virtual interface operates independently, facilitating comprehensive testing of networking functionalities without interference from the host's network configuration.
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Below, we will conduct two separate tests: Infrastructure BSS and Independent BSS.
The testing environment consists of **one AP and two STAs**.
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2. Broadcast: The AP forwards the packet to all other STAs in the network, except for the source STA, and then passes it to the protocol stack.
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3. Multicast: The AP treats multicast packets the same way as broadcast packets.
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To test the network environment, we can utilize the **Linux network namespace**.
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Linux network namespace allows us to isolate a network environment from the host system, providing its own routes, firewall rules, and network devices.
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Essentially, it creates a separate instance of the network stack.
Without network namespace, when virtual interfaces are created that share the same network namespace and start transmitting/receiving packets between them,
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the kernel will use the loopback device for packet transmission/reception. This behavior occurs because the kernel identifies that the sender and receiver are on the same host.
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In conclusion, all the interfaces created by `vwifi` in the testing environment will be added to an isolated network namespace.
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The testing environment consists of **two IBSS devices**.
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The testing environment operates in IEEE 802.11 independent BSS. IBSS devices can communicate with any device in the same IBSS network **without the need to establish a connection beforehand**. However, devices in different IBSS networks cannot communicate with each other.
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## Build and Run (non-virtio)
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To build the kernel module, execute the following command:
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Insert the `vwifi` driver.
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This will create three interfaces (the "station" parameter can be modified according to preference):
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```shell
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$ sudo insmod vwifi.ko station=3
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$ sudo insmod vwifi.ko station=5
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```
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Please note that interfaces can only be created in station mode during the initialization phase.
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$ ip link
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```
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There should be entries starting with `vw0`, `vw1`, and `vw2`, which correspond to the interfaces created by `vwifi`.
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There should be entries starting with `vw0`, `vw1`, `vw2`, `vw3`, and `vw4`, which correspond to the interfaces created by `vwifi`.
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To view the available wireless interfaces, execute the following command:
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```shell
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You should see something similar to the following output:
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```
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phy#2
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phy#5
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Interface vw4
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ifindex 7
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wdev 0x500000001
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addr 00:76:77:34:00:00
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type managed
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txpower 0.00 dBm
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phy#4
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Interface vw3
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ifindex 6
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wdev 0x400000001
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addr 00:76:77:33:00:00
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type managed
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txpower 0.00 dBm
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phy#3
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Interface vw2
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ifindex 5
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wdev 0x200000001
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addr 00:6f:77:6c:32:00
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wdev 0x300000001
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addr 00:76:77:32:00:00
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type managed
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phy#1
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txpower 0.00 dBm
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phy#2
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Interface vw1
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ifindex 4
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wdev 0x100000001
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addr 00:6f:77:6c:31:00
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wdev 0x200000001
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addr 00:76:77:31:00:00
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type managed
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phy#0
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txpower 0.00 dBm
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phy#1
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Interface vw0
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ifindex 3
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wdev 0x1
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addr 00:6f:77:6c:30:00
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wdev 0x100000001
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addr 00:76:77:30:00:00
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type managed
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txpower 0.00 dBm
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```
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As observed, each interface has its own phy (`struct wiphy`), allowing them to be placed into separate network namespaces.
Check whether the name of each `wiphy` is the same as the name listing under the command `sudo iw list`
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```shell
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$ echo$vw3_phy
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vw_phy3
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$ echo$vw4_phy
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vw_phy4
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```
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Assign the two interfaces to separate network namespaces.
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Please note that the `wiphy` is placed within the network namespace, and the interface associated with that wiphy will be contained within it.
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```shell
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$ sudo iw phy vw_phy3 set netns name ns3
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$ sudo iw phy vw_phy4 set netns name ns4
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```
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#### Assigning IP Addresses to Each Interface
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Now, assign an IP address to both interfaces using the following commands:
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```shell
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns3 ip addr add 10.0.0.4/24 dev vw3
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns4 ip addr add 10.0.0.5/24 dev vw4
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```
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There are two methods to configure an IBSS network: manual configuration or using WPA.
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#### Option1 : Manual configuration
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##### Switch to IBSS mode
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Switch device to IBSS mode using the following command :
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***iw dev [interface] set type ibss***
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The following commands switch `vw3` and `vw4` to IBSS mode.
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```shell
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns3 iw dev vw3 settype ibss
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns4 iw dev vw4 settype ibss
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```
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Check the information of `vw3`.
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```shell
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns3 iw dev vw3 info
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```
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You should see output similar to the following:
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```
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Interface vw3
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ifindex 6
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wdev 0x400000001
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addr 00:76:77:33:00:00
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type IBSS
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wiphy 4
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txpower 0.00 dBm
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```
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##### Join IBSS network
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```shell
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns3 ip link set vw3 up
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns4 ip link set vw4 up
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```
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Users can join a specific IBSS cell and configure additional settings using the command :
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***iw dev [interface] ibss join [SSID][freq in MHz][NOHT|HT20|HT40+|HT40-|5MHz|10MHz|80MHz][fixed-freq][fixed-bssid][beacon-interval <TU>][basic-rates <rate in Mbps,rate2,…>][mcast-rate <rateinMbps>][key d:0:abcde]***
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If the IBSS cell does not already exist, it will be created.
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The following command makes `vw3` and `vw4` join the same IBSS cell with the SSID `ibss1` and specifies the frequency as 2412 MHz:
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```shell
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns3 iw dev vw3 ibss join ibss1 2412 NOHT fixed-freq 00:76:77:33:00:00 beacon-interval 200
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns4 iw dev vw4 ibss join ibss1 2412 NOHT fixed-freq 00:76:77:33:00:00 beacon-interval 200
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```
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Check the information of `vw3`.
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```shell
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns3 iw dev vw3 info
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```
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You should see output similar to the following:
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```
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Interface vw3
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ifindex 6
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wdev 0x400000001
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addr 00:76:77:33:00:00
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ssid ibss1
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type IBSS
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wiphy 4
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txpower 0.00 dBm
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```
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#### Option2 : Using WPA
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```shell
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns3 ip link set vw3 up
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$ sudo ip netns exec ns4 ip link set vw4 up
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```
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Prepare the following script `wpa_supplicant_ibss.conf` (you can modify the script based on your needs):
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```shell
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network={
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ssid="ibss1"
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mode=1
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frequency=2412
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key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
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proto=RSN
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pairwise=CCMP
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group=CCMP
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psk="12345678"
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}
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```
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Using the command **wpa_supplicant**, configure `vw3` and `vw4` to join `ibss1`.
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