From 774a7f5acaaa348c9c2e549958924d6b14bcfaaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: fivetran-felixhuang <felix.huang@fivetran.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2025 12:48:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] support transpilation of SHA256 from bigquery to duckdb

---
 sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py    | 4 +++-
 sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py  | 2 ++
 sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py     | 2 ++
 sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py      | 2 ++
 sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py    | 2 ++
 sqlglot/dialects/presto.py      | 2 ++
 sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py    | 1 +
 sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py   | 1 +
 sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py      | 1 +
 sqlglot/typing/bigquery.py      | 1 +
 tests/dialects/test_bigquery.py | 4 ++--
 tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py   | 1 +
 12 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py b/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
index 7f8c7747e9..e5394a606d 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
     unit_to_var,
     strposition_sql,
     groupconcat_sql,
+    build_sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@ class Parser(parser.Parser):
             "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
                 exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
             ),
-            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
+            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2Digest(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
             "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
             "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
                 # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
@@ -1153,6 +1154,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
             exp.SHA1Digest: rename_func("SHA1"),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
             exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
                 "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
             ),
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py b/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py
index 2463ff7279..f3e86e816e 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
     timestamptrunc_sql,
     unit_to_var,
     trim_sql,
+    build_sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import Generator
 from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
@@ -1201,6 +1202,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA1Digest: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
+            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
             exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
                 "splitByString", e.args.get("expression"), e.this, e.args.get("limit")
             ),
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py b/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
index 3f01b2be65..f04bf75d54 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
@@ -1872,6 +1872,8 @@ def build_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
 def sha256_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.SHA2) -> str:
     return self.func(f"SHA{expression.text('length') or '256'}", expression.this)
 
+def build_sha2_digest_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.SHA2Digest) -> str:
+    return self.func(f"SHA{expression.text('length') or '256'}", expression.this)
 
 def sequence_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.GenerateSeries | exp.GenerateDateArray) -> str:
     start = expression.args.get("start")
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py b/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
index b3f0e23661..3f2a98ce6f 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     groupconcat_sql,
     inline_array_unless_query,
     regexp_replace_global_modifier,
+    build_sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 from sqlglot.helper import is_date_unit, seq_get
@@ -884,6 +885,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
             exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
             exp.SHA1Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("SHA1", e.this)),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", build_sha2_digest_sql(self, e)),
             exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func(
                 "DATEDIFF",
                 "'month'",
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py b/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py
index 86c19ccc4f..ed046501c8 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     count_if_to_sum,
     groupconcat_sql,
     regexp_replace_global_modifier,
+    build_sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
@@ -698,6 +699,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
                 ]
             ),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
+            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
             exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, func_name="POSITION"),
             exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
             exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py b/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
index 8f84ad9cbf..35220ab584 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     sequence_sql,
     build_regexp_extract,
     explode_to_unnest_sql,
+    build_sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
@@ -547,6 +548,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA1Digest: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
+            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql 
         }
 
         RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py b/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py
index a21172689f..7a63c97141 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
             exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
             exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
             exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: self._unix_to_time_sql(e),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("SHA2", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)),
         }
 
         # Postgres maps exp.Pivot to no_pivot_sql, but Redshift support pivots
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py b/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py
index e1f786db1b..c46ee3fa56 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py
@@ -1478,6 +1478,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.ArrayConcatAgg: lambda self, e: self.func(
                 "ARRAY_FLATTEN", exp.ArrayAgg(this=e.this)
             ),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("SHA2_BINARY", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)),
         }
 
         SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py b/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py
index d74c71207c..0545ba6a7b 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ class Generator(Hive.Generator):
                     transforms.any_to_exists,
                 ]
             ),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("SHA2", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)),
             exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date,
             exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
             exp.TimestampTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", unit_to_str(e), e.this),
diff --git a/sqlglot/typing/bigquery.py b/sqlglot/typing/bigquery.py
index fe98816c1b..a8e0ca699c 100644
--- a/sqlglot/typing/bigquery.py
+++ b/sqlglot/typing/bigquery.py
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ def _annotate_array(self: TypeAnnotator, expression: exp.Array) -> exp.Array:
             exp.SHA,
             exp.SHA2,
             exp.SHA1Digest,
+            exp.SHA2Digest,
             exp.Unhex,
         }
     },
diff --git a/tests/dialects/test_bigquery.py b/tests/dialects/test_bigquery.py
index 2ce3c04a57..e74486feaa 100644
--- a/tests/dialects/test_bigquery.py
+++ b/tests/dialects/test_bigquery.py
@@ -1041,8 +1041,8 @@ def test_bigquery(self):
                 "presto": "SHA256(x)",
                 "redshift": "SHA2(x, 256)",
                 "trino": "SHA256(x)",
-                "duckdb": "SHA256(x)",
-                "snowflake": "SHA2(x, 256)",
+                "duckdb": "UNHEX(SHA256(x))",
+                "snowflake": "SHA2_BINARY(x, 256)",
             },
         )
         self.validate_all(
diff --git a/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py b/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py
index e97760b86d..9ba4b35bac 100644
--- a/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py
+++ b/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py
@@ -552,6 +552,7 @@ def test_duckdb(self):
         )
         self.validate_identity("DATE_SUB('YEAR', col, '2020-01-01')").assert_is(exp.Anonymous)
         self.validate_identity("DATESUB('YEAR', col, '2020-01-01')").assert_is(exp.Anonymous)
+        self.validate_identity("SELECT SHA256('abc')")
 
         self.validate_all("0b1010", write={"": "0 AS b1010"})
         self.validate_all("0x1010", write={"": "0 AS x1010"})

From e3cdb9afdb90acfe6941f183c1ef426efe9fe06f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: fivetran-felixhuang <felix.huang@fivetran.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2025 12:53:24 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] fix format

---
 sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py  | 4 +++-
 sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py   | 2 ++
 sqlglot/dialects/presto.py    | 2 +-
 sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py  | 4 +++-
 sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py | 4 +++-
 sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py    | 4 +++-
 6 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py b/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
index e5394a606d..07982be3c2 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
@@ -594,7 +594,9 @@ class Parser(parser.Parser):
             "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
                 exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
             ),
-            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2Digest(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
+            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2Digest(
+                this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)
+            ),
             "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
             "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
                 # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py b/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
index f04bf75d54..0c7dcbc8bb 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
@@ -1872,9 +1872,11 @@ def build_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
 def sha256_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.SHA2) -> str:
     return self.func(f"SHA{expression.text('length') or '256'}", expression.this)
 
+
 def build_sha2_digest_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.SHA2Digest) -> str:
     return self.func(f"SHA{expression.text('length') or '256'}", expression.this)
 
+
 def sequence_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.GenerateSeries | exp.GenerateDateArray) -> str:
     start = expression.args.get("start")
     end = expression.args.get("end")
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py b/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
index 35220ab584..fe4310e7f9 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA1Digest: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
-            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql 
+            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
         }
 
         RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py b/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py
index 7a63c97141..c380ec88cd 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/redshift.py
@@ -219,7 +219,9 @@ class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
             exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
             exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
             exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: self._unix_to_time_sql(e),
-            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("SHA2", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func(
+                "SHA2", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)
+            ),
         }
 
         # Postgres maps exp.Pivot to no_pivot_sql, but Redshift support pivots
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py b/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py
index c46ee3fa56..4e9663ab0f 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/snowflake.py
@@ -1478,7 +1478,9 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.ArrayConcatAgg: lambda self, e: self.func(
                 "ARRAY_FLATTEN", exp.ArrayAgg(this=e.this)
             ),
-            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("SHA2_BINARY", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func(
+                "SHA2_BINARY", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)
+            ),
         }
 
         SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py b/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py
index 0545ba6a7b..d728decdc0 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/spark2.py
@@ -282,7 +282,9 @@ class Generator(Hive.Generator):
                     transforms.any_to_exists,
                 ]
             ),
-            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("SHA2", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func(
+                "SHA2", e.this, e.args.get("length") or exp.Literal.number(256)
+            ),
             exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date,
             exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
             exp.TimestampTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", unit_to_str(e), e.this),

From 2ad84cddb052c53fbd1ec3b5813ac3f3bec023c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: fivetran-felixhuang <felix.huang@fivetran.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2025 14:03:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] rename function

---
 sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py   | 4 ++--
 sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py | 4 ++--
 sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py    | 2 +-
 sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py     | 4 ++--
 sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py   | 4 ++--
 sqlglot/dialects/presto.py     | 4 ++--
 6 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py b/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
index 07982be3c2..a6a885f9a0 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     unit_to_var,
     strposition_sql,
     groupconcat_sql,
-    build_sha2_digest_sql,
+    sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
             exp.SHA1Digest: rename_func("SHA1"),
-            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
+            exp.SHA2Digest: sha2_digest_sql,
             exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
                 "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
             ),
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py b/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py
index f3e86e816e..823331d8c8 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     timestamptrunc_sql,
     unit_to_var,
     trim_sql,
-    build_sha2_digest_sql,
+    sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import Generator
 from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA1Digest: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
-            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
+            exp.SHA2Digest: sha2_digest_sql,
             exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
                 "splitByString", e.args.get("expression"), e.this, e.args.get("limit")
             ),
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py b/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
index 0c7dcbc8bb..064e2738d9 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/dialect.py
@@ -1873,7 +1873,7 @@ def sha256_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.SHA2) -> str:
     return self.func(f"SHA{expression.text('length') or '256'}", expression.this)
 
 
-def build_sha2_digest_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.SHA2Digest) -> str:
+def sha2_digest_sql(self: Generator, expression: exp.SHA2Digest) -> str:
     return self.func(f"SHA{expression.text('length') or '256'}", expression.this)
 
 
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py b/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
index 3f2a98ce6f..ff129a3ca2 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
     groupconcat_sql,
     inline_array_unless_query,
     regexp_replace_global_modifier,
-    build_sha2_digest_sql,
+    sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 from sqlglot.helper import is_date_unit, seq_get
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
             exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
             exp.SHA1Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("SHA1", e.this)),
-            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", build_sha2_digest_sql(self, e)),
+            exp.SHA2Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", sha2_digest_sql(self, e)),
             exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func(
                 "DATEDIFF",
                 "'month'",
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py b/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py
index ed046501c8..d88f7c1e82 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/postgres.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     count_if_to_sum,
     groupconcat_sql,
     regexp_replace_global_modifier,
-    build_sha2_digest_sql,
+    sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
                 ]
             ),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
-            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
+            exp.SHA2Digest: sha2_digest_sql,
             exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, func_name="POSITION"),
             exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
             exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py b/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
index fe4310e7f9..d7b5c49d14 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/presto.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     sequence_sql,
     build_regexp_extract,
     explode_to_unnest_sql,
-    build_sha2_digest_sql,
+    sha2_digest_sql,
 )
 from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ class Generator(generator.Generator):
             exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA1Digest: rename_func("SHA1"),
             exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
-            exp.SHA2Digest: build_sha2_digest_sql,
+            exp.SHA2Digest: sha2_digest_sql,
         }
 
         RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {