Add set.py

Author: yyossy5

src/basic/set.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""
+Python set operations and usage examples.
+
+This module demonstrates the basic operations and common use cases for Python sets.
+Sets are unordered collections of unique elements, useful for membership testing,
+removing duplicates, and mathematical set operations.
+"""
+
+
+def set_basics():
+    """Demonstrate basic set creation and properties."""
+    # Creating sets
+    empty_set = set()  # Empty set
+    numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}  # Set of numbers
+    fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}  # Set of strings
+    mixed = {1, "hello", (1, 2)}  # Set with different types
+
+    # Sets cannot contain mutable objects like lists or dictionaries
+    # This would raise TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
+    # invalid_set = {[1, 2], 3}
+
+    # Sets automatically remove duplicates
+    with_duplicates = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}
+    print(f"Set with duplicates: {with_duplicates}")  # {1, 2, 3}
+
+    # Check length
+    print(f"Number of elements: {len(fruits)}")
+
+    return empty_set, numbers, fruits, mixed
+
+
+def set_operations():
+    """Demonstrate common set operations."""
+    a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+    b = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
+
+    # Membership testing
+    print(f"Is 3 in set a? {3 in a}")
+    print(f"Is 6 in set a? {6 in a}")
+
+    # Adding elements
+    c = a.copy()
+    c.add(6)  # Add a single element
+    print(f"After adding 6: {c}")
+
+    # Removing elements
+    c.remove(6)  # Raises KeyError if element doesn't exist
+    print(f"After removing 6: {c}")
+
+    c.discard(10)  # No error if element doesn't exist
+
+    # Pop - removes and returns an arbitrary element
+    popped = c.pop()
+    print(f"Popped element: {popped}, Set after pop: {c}")
+
+    # Clear - removes all elements
+    d = a.copy()
+    d.clear()
+    print(f"After clear: {d}")
+
+    return a, b
+
+
+def set_mathematical_operations():
+    """Demonstrate mathematical set operations."""
+    a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+    b = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
+
+    # Union (OR): elements in either set
+    union1 = a | b
+    print(f"Union: {union1}")
+    # Using method syntax (alternative)
+    print(f"Union (using method): {a.union(b)}")
+
+    # Intersection (AND): elements in both sets
+    intersection1 = a & b
+    print(f"Intersection: {intersection1}")
+    # Using method syntax (alternative)
+    print(f"Intersection (using method): {a.intersection(b)}")
+
+    # Difference: elements in first set but not in second
+    difference1 = a - b
+    print(f"Difference (a - b): {difference1}")
+    # Using method syntax (alternative)
+    print(f"Difference (using method): {a.difference(b)}")
+
+    # Symmetric difference: elements in either set, but not in both
+    sym_diff1 = a ^ b
+    print(f"Symmetric difference: {sym_diff1}")
+    # Using method syntax (alternative)
+    print(f"Symmetric difference (using method): {a.symmetric_difference(b)}")
+
+    # Subset and superset
+    c = {1, 2}
+    print(f"Is c subset of a? {c.issubset(a)}")
+    print(f"Is a superset of c? {a.issuperset(c)}")
+
+    return union1, intersection1, difference1, sym_diff1
+
+
+def set_comprehensions():
+    """Demonstrate set comprehensions."""
+    # Basic set comprehension
+    squares = {x**2 for x in range(10)}
+    print(f"Squares: {squares}")
+
+    # Conditional set comprehension
+    even_squares = {x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0}
+    print(f"Even squares: {even_squares}")
+
+    # Using set to remove duplicates from a list
+    numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5]
+    unique_numbers = list(set(numbers))
+    print(f"Original list: {numbers}")
+    print(f"Unique numbers: {unique_numbers}")
+
+    return squares, even_squares, unique_numbers