Expose project scope in managed local client errors

[sdairs]

Summary

• identify managed local client mode and the canonical current project directory for missing, stopped, and missing-binary failures
• preserve inherited structured error codes while adding safe mode and project fields, concise human guidance, and fixed recovery commands
• cover exact-directory lookup, including empty projects, child directories, explicit names, stopped metadata, and telemetry redaction

Closes #467

Tests

• cargo fmt --all --check
• cargo build -p clickhousectl
• cargo check -p clickhousectl --no-default-features
• cargo test -p clickhousectl (636 unit tests plus all integration suites)
• cargo clippy -p clickhousectl --all-targets -- -D warnings
• cargo clippy -p clickhousectl --no-default-features --all-targets -- -D warnings

Stack

• Position: child 10 of 10 in gh-stack #519
• Base: Expose project scope in local server errors #517 (issue-477-server-project-scope-errors)
• Parent PR should merge first; this PR is not intended to merge independently.

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[iskakaushik]

LGTM

[sdairs]

Superseded by #558 in stack #563.