Welcome to Git & GitHub for Beginners! This guide is designed to help you get started with Git & GitHub. It will help you to understand the basics of Git & GitHub and to get you started with using Git & GitHub.

Table of Contents

What is this?
Why?
Who is this for?
Notes
Assumptions
Terms
What is GitHub?
What is GitHub used for?
What is Git?
Common tasks you need to do with Git
How to install Git
How to configure Git
How to create a repository
How to clone a repository
How to create a branch
How to make changes to a file
How to stage changes
How to commit changes
How to push changes to a remote repository
How to create a pull request
How to merge a pull request
How to resolve merge conflicts
How to revert a commit
How to delete a branch

What is this?

A guide to Git & GitHub for beginners
A collection of resources to help you learn Git & GitHub
A place to ask questions and get help

Why?

I've been using Git & GitHub for a few years now and I've found it to be a really useful tool.- I've used it to collaborate with others on projects, to keep track of changes to my code, and to revert to previous versions of my code when I've made a mistake
I've also found that there are a lot of resources out there that are either too basic or too advanced
I wanted to create a guide that would help people who are new to Git & GitHub to get started and to help them to understand the basics of Git & GitHub

Who is this for?

Those who are yet to land their first job in tech
Those who have recently landed their first job in tech
Those who are looking to improve their skills
Those who are looking to learn a new skill
Those who are looking to get a better understanding of Git & GitHub

Notes

There are different Git workflows - Trunk, GitFlow, GitHubFlow
This guide is based on the GitHubFlow workflow

Assumptions

You have a GitHub account
You have Git installed
You have a text editor installed
You have Node.js installed

Terms

Branch - A version of the codebase
Commit - A unit of change
Stage
Merge - Combining two branches
Pull Request - A request to merge a branch into another branch
Fork - A copy of a repository
Clone - A copy of a repository on your local machine
Remote - A copy of a repository on a remote server
Origin - The default remote name given to a repository when it is cloned
Upstream - The original repository that was cloned
Master - The default branch name given to a repository when it is created
Repository - A directory that contains all of the files for a project
Working Directory - The directory that contains the files that you are working on
Staging Area - The directory that contains the files that are ready to be committed
Index - The directory that contains the files that are ready to be committed
HEAD - The current branch that you are working on
Checkout - Switching between branches
Push - Sending your commits to a remote repository
Pull - Fetching and merging changes on a remote repository to your local repository
Fetch - Fetching changes on a remote repository to your local repository

What is GitHub?

GitHub is a code hosting platform for version control and collaboration
It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere
This tutorial teaches you GitHub essentials like repositories, branches, commits, and Pull Requests
You’ll create your own Hello World repository and learn GitHub’s Pull Request workflow, a popular way to create and review code
You’ll also learn about issues, GitHub’s powerful tracking tools for every bug and feature request that comes your way

What is GitHub used for?

GitHub is a code hosting platform for version control and collaboration
It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere
You can use GitHub to store and share your code, track and assign issues, and manage pull requests
You can also use GitHub to create your own website using GitHub Pages
GitHub is a great way to collaborate with others on projects

What is Git?

Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency
Git is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning fast performance
It outclasses SCM tools like Subversion, CVS, Perforce, and ClearCase with features like cheap local branching, convenient staging areas, and multiple workflows
Git was initially designed and developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development
Git is a version control system
Allows you to track changes to your code over time
Enables you to collaborate with others on the same codebase
You can easily revert to a previous version of your code or experiment with new features without affecting the main codebase
Provides a record of all changes made to your code, including who made them and when, which can be useful for auditing and debugging

Common tasks you need to do with Git

Create a repository
Create a branch
Make changes to a file
Stage changes
Commit changes
Push changes to a remote repository
Merge changes
Revert changes
Delete a branch

How to install Git

How to configure Git

git config --global user.name "Your Name" - Set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history

# Set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history

$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"

`git config --global user.email "
Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker

# Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker

$ git config --global user.email "

git config --global color.ui auto - Set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing

# Set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing

$ git config --global color.ui auto

git config --global core.editor "code --wait" - Set the default editor for Git

# Set the default editor for Git

$ git config --global core.editor "code --wait"

git config --global init.defaultBranch main - Set the default branch name to main

# Set the default branch name to main

$ git config --global init.defaultBranch main

Git commands

git init - Create a new local repository

# Create a new directory called my-project

$ git init my-project

git status - Show the status of the current branch

#  Check the status of the current branch

$ git status  # On branch master

git clone - Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine

#Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine


$ git clone  project-name # Cloning into `project-name`...

# make sure to copy the URL from the repository you want to clone

git add - Add files to the staging area

# Add files to the staging area


$ git add . # Changes to be committed:
# when you add the dot, it adds all the files in the current directory

$ git add file-name # Changes to be committed:

# when you add the file name, it adds the file with the name you specified

git commit - Commit changes to head (but not yet to the remote repository)

# Commit changes to head (but not yet to the remote repository)


$ git commit -m "Commit message" # [master (root-commit) 1a2b3c4] Commit message

git push - Push changes to remote repository (eg. GitHub)

# Push changes to remote repository (eg. GitHub)

$ git push origin master # Pushing to

git pull - Fetch and merge changes on the remote server to your working directory

# Fetch and merge changes on the remote server to your working directory


$ git pull origin master # Updating 1a2b3c4..3d4e5f6
# Fast-forward
#  README | 1 +
#  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
#  create mode 100644 README

git fetch - Fetch changes on the remote server to your working directory

# Fetch changes on the remote server to your working directory


$ git fetch origin master # remote: Counting objects: 5, done.

git merge - Merge a branch into the branch you are currently on

# Merge a branch into the branch you are currently on

$ git merge branch-name # Updating 1a2b3c4..3d4e5f6



- `git branch` - List, create, or delete branches

```bash

# List, create, or delete branches


$ git branch # * master
#  test

$ git branch branch-name # * master
#  branch-name
#  test

$ git branch -d branch-name # Deleted branch branch-name (was 1a2b3c4).

git checkout - Switch branches or restore working tree files

# Switch branches or restore working tree files


$ git checkout branch-name # Switched to branch 'branch-name'

$ git checkout -b branch-name # Switched to a new branch 'branch-name'

git remote - Manage set of tracked repositories

# Manage set of tracked repositories
$ git remote -v # origin

git log - Show commit logs

# Show commit logs
$ git log # commit 1a2b3c4

git diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc

   # Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc

   $ git diff # diff --git a/README.md b/README.md

git reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state

# Reset current HEAD to the specified state


$ git reset --hard HEAD # HEAD is now at 1a2b3c4

git rm - Remove files from the working tree and from the index

# Remove files from the working tree and from the index


$ git rm file-name # rm 'file-name'

git mv - Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink

# Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink


$ git mv file-from file-to # rename file1 => file2

git stash - Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away

# Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away


$ git stash # Saved working directory and index state WIP on master: 1a2b3c4

git tag - Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

# Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG


$ git tag # v1.0.0

The Git workflow

Create a repository
Create a branch
Make changes to a file
Stage changes
Commit changes
Push changes to a remote repository
Merge changes
Revert changes
Delete a branch

How to create a repository

git init - Create a new local repository

# Create a new directory called my-project

$ git init my-project

git clone - Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine

# Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine

$ git clone project-name # Cloning into `project-name`...


# make sure to copy the URL from the repository you want to clone

How to make changes to a file

git status - Show the status of the current branch

# Check the status of the current branch

$ git status # On branch master

git add - Add files to the staging area

# Add files to the staging area

$ git add . # Changes to be committed:

# when you add the dot, it adds all the files in the current directory

$ git add file-name # Changes to be committed:

git commit - Commit changes to the current branch

# Commit changes to the current branch

$ git commit -m "Commit message" # [master (root-commit) 1a2b3c4] Commit message

git diff - Show file differences that haven’t been staged

# Show file differences that haven’t been staged

$ git diff # diff --git a/README.md b/README.md

How to push changes to a remote repository

git push - Push changes to a remote repository

# Push changes to a remote repository


$ git push origin master # Enumerating objects: 3, done.
# Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
# Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 226 bytes | 226.00 KiB/s, done.
# Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
# To

How to merge changes

git merge - Merge changes from one branch to another

# Merge changes from one branch to another


$ git merge branch-name # Updating 1a2b3c4..4d5e6f7

How to revert changes

git revert - Revert changes to a file

# Revert changes to a file


$ git revert file-name # Revert "Revert "Update README.md""

How to delete a branch

git branch -d - Delete a branch

# Delete a branch


$ git branch -d branch-name # Deleted branch branch-name (was 1a2b3c4).

How to create a branch

git branch - Create a new branch

# Create a new branch


$ git branch branch-name # Switched to a new branch 'branch-name'

How to view the history of a repository

git log - View the history of a repository

# View the history of a repository


$ git log # commit 1a2b3c4 (HEAD -> master)

License

Clifftech123/Git-and-GitHub-for-Beginners

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